How Remote Learning's Distractions Put Extra Pressure On Students With ADHD
10 Ways To Help Kids With Learning Differences That Could Benefit All Students
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It was a tough transition for a 10-year-old with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a different environment for him,\" Wilmot says. \"He wasn't used to this kind of work from school coming in the format of an email in his Chromebook every single day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her son would avoid math and writing and instead go straight to his favorite subjects: science and social studies. But even then, online assignments could be a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There might be something when he opened it that was like a really pretty PDF that had lots of beautiful illustrations and fonts,\" Wilmot says. \"And he would look at it and just get overwhelmed and shut the laptop and walk away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilmot was much better prepared than most parents to help her son. She'd spent 20 years as an occupational therapist who specializes in helping children with ADHD and other learning disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, working with her own child was tough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a different environment for him, and he wasn't used to me asking him to do these activities,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the COVID-19 era, these are common experiences for parents of children with ADHD, says Haftan Eckholdt, a developmental psychologist and chief science officer at \u003ca href=\"https://www.understood.org/\">Understood\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that serves people who learn and think differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most parents have jobs or they're looking for jobs,\" he says. \"Most households don't have a space that they can say, 'This is now your classroom — this is your space, and you'll have this and nothing else will happen here.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a typical home is full of distractions, Eckholdt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are siblings and pets and all kinds of things going on, including parents,\" he says. \"So there are a lot of things that are novel and very challenging to kids with ADHD.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's no teacher in the room to counteract those distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was in grade school, the teacher might actually come stand near me,\" Eckholdt says. \"That was a way for me to realize, oh right, here I am, I'm here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilmot was able to provide a designated place for her son to do his schoolwork. But keeping him on track was a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She would get up at 6 a.m., open all her son's assignments on his laptop, and come up with a plan for how and when he would get them done. Then she'd start her own full-time job, working online with other people's children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a lot. And at first, Wilmot didn't realize that her son was missing a critical part of school: recess and the physical activity that came with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Wilmot asked her son to do his schoolwork before riding his bike. It was a big mistake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was like, 'Mom, I need the bike ride at the beginning of my day,' \" she says. \"And he was absolutely right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools provide breaks that allow kids to \"release some of the energy and bounce off the walls,\" Eckholdt says. \"At home that has to become part of the schedule.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the challenges, distance learning can work well for some students with ADHD, Eckholdt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are certainly kids where not being around peers actually makes it easier for them to focus, and they feel like they have a lot more control and a lot less distraction,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The different experiences with distance learning reflect the many variations of ADHD, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/people/29722174-john-j-foxe\">John Foxe\u003c/a>, a neuroscientist at the University of Rochester and director of the Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foxe says scientists are just beginning to understand how the brains of young people with ADHD are different from those of other kids. But he says MRI scans show that children with ADHD do have something in common neurologically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we're recording these youngsters doing tasks in the magnet, what we find is that there are very clear differences in the engagement of the attention circuits,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those differences often make it even harder than it is for other children to overcome the urge to use the computer for fun, Foxe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of kids with ADHD are spending a lot of time on screen time and video games at home at the moment but really struggling with the online lessons,\" he says. \"And that of course makes perfect sense, too, because one of the things about that kind of content is it's highly motivating.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard for a teacher to compete with the excitement and rewards of a video game. And that's just one of the reason's many students with ADHD will continue to struggle with distance learning, Foxe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For children with more severe learning and intellectual disabilities, though, online classes just don't work, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For those kids, sitting at home is a disaster, an absolute disaster,\" Foxe says. \"We need to get them back to school. But we have to do it safely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials are still trying to figure out how to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Remote+Learning%27s+Distractions+Put+Extra+Pressure+On+Students+With+ADHD&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"With less structure and supervision than is typically provided inside a classroom, remote classes lean hard on already stressed parents to help students with ADHD stay focused and engaged.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1599029638,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":877},"headData":{"title":"How Remote Learning's Distractions Put Extra Pressure On Students With ADHD - MindShift","description":"With less structure and supervision than is typically provided inside a classroom, remote classes lean hard on already stressed parents to help students with ADHD stay focused and engaged.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Remote Learning's Distractions Put Extra Pressure On Students With ADHD","datePublished":"2020-09-02T06:53:58.000Z","dateModified":"2020-09-02T06:53:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"56609 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=56609","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2020/09/01/how-remote-learnings-distractions-put-extra-pressure-on-students-with-adhd/","disqusTitle":"How Remote Learning's Distractions Put Extra Pressure On Students With ADHD","nprImageCredit":"Imgorthand","nprByline":"Jon Hamilton","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"907995034","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=907995034&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/09/01/907995034/remote-learnings-distractions-put-extra-pressure-on-students-with-adhd?ft=nprml&f=907995034","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 01 Sep 2020 05:00:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 01 Sep 2020 05:00:10 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 01 Sep 2020 05:00:10 -0400","path":"/mindshift/56609/how-remote-learnings-distractions-put-extra-pressure-on-students-with-adhd","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>COVID-19 forced Keriann Wilmot's son to trade his classroom for a computer. It was a tough transition for a 10-year-old with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a different environment for him,\" Wilmot says. \"He wasn't used to this kind of work from school coming in the format of an email in his Chromebook every single day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her son would avoid math and writing and instead go straight to his favorite subjects: science and social studies. But even then, online assignments could be a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There might be something when he opened it that was like a really pretty PDF that had lots of beautiful illustrations and fonts,\" Wilmot says. \"And he would look at it and just get overwhelmed and shut the laptop and walk away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilmot was much better prepared than most parents to help her son. She'd spent 20 years as an occupational therapist who specializes in helping children with ADHD and other learning disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, working with her own child was tough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a different environment for him, and he wasn't used to me asking him to do these activities,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the COVID-19 era, these are common experiences for parents of children with ADHD, says Haftan Eckholdt, a developmental psychologist and chief science officer at \u003ca href=\"https://www.understood.org/\">Understood\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that serves people who learn and think differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most parents have jobs or they're looking for jobs,\" he says. \"Most households don't have a space that they can say, 'This is now your classroom — this is your space, and you'll have this and nothing else will happen here.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a typical home is full of distractions, Eckholdt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are siblings and pets and all kinds of things going on, including parents,\" he says. \"So there are a lot of things that are novel and very challenging to kids with ADHD.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's no teacher in the room to counteract those distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was in grade school, the teacher might actually come stand near me,\" Eckholdt says. \"That was a way for me to realize, oh right, here I am, I'm here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilmot was able to provide a designated place for her son to do his schoolwork. But keeping him on track was a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She would get up at 6 a.m., open all her son's assignments on his laptop, and come up with a plan for how and when he would get them done. Then she'd start her own full-time job, working online with other people's children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a lot. And at first, Wilmot didn't realize that her son was missing a critical part of school: recess and the physical activity that came with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Wilmot asked her son to do his schoolwork before riding his bike. It was a big mistake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was like, 'Mom, I need the bike ride at the beginning of my day,' \" she says. \"And he was absolutely right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools provide breaks that allow kids to \"release some of the energy and bounce off the walls,\" Eckholdt says. \"At home that has to become part of the schedule.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the challenges, distance learning can work well for some students with ADHD, Eckholdt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are certainly kids where not being around peers actually makes it easier for them to focus, and they feel like they have a lot more control and a lot less distraction,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The different experiences with distance learning reflect the many variations of ADHD, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/people/29722174-john-j-foxe\">John Foxe\u003c/a>, a neuroscientist at the University of Rochester and director of the Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foxe says scientists are just beginning to understand how the brains of young people with ADHD are different from those of other kids. But he says MRI scans show that children with ADHD do have something in common neurologically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we're recording these youngsters doing tasks in the magnet, what we find is that there are very clear differences in the engagement of the attention circuits,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those differences often make it even harder than it is for other children to overcome the urge to use the computer for fun, Foxe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of kids with ADHD are spending a lot of time on screen time and video games at home at the moment but really struggling with the online lessons,\" he says. \"And that of course makes perfect sense, too, because one of the things about that kind of content is it's highly motivating.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard for a teacher to compete with the excitement and rewards of a video game. And that's just one of the reason's many students with ADHD will continue to struggle with distance learning, Foxe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For children with more severe learning and intellectual disabilities, though, online classes just don't work, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For those kids, sitting at home is a disaster, an absolute disaster,\" Foxe says. \"We need to get them back to school. But we have to do it safely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials are still trying to figure out how to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Remote+Learning%27s+Distractions+Put+Extra+Pressure+On+Students+With+ADHD&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/56609/how-remote-learnings-distractions-put-extra-pressure-on-students-with-adhd","authors":["byline_mindshift_56609"],"categories":["mindshift_21358"],"tags":["mindshift_20862","mindshift_21344","mindshift_21343","mindshift_358","mindshift_21073","mindshift_21347"],"featImg":"mindshift_56610","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_47744":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_47744","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"47744","score":null,"sort":[1489597010000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"10-ways-to-help-kids-with-learning-differences-that-could-benefit-all-students","title":"10 Ways To Help Kids With Learning Differences That Could Benefit All Students","publishDate":1489597010,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp class=\"p1\">Schools are typically designed to serve the average student, and those with learning differences -- such as dyslexia or trouble with executive functioning skills -- usually make up a smaller part of the population. Estimates find that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo/pages/risk.aspx\">5 to 20 percent\u003c/a> of Americans have learning differences. If struggling students don't find the help they need in school, keeping up with the rest of the class can be an enormous challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.curreyingram.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Currey Ingram Academy\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is an independent school in Nashville developed specifically for kids with learning differences. As a way to spread the word about tactics that have worked at Currey Ingram Academy, head of school Jeffrey Mitchell shared 10 principles the school uses that are “realistic for every school in every context” as they seek to meet the needs of diverse learners. He presented his findings at the \u003ca href=\"http://schedule.sxswedu.com/events/event_PP60296\">SXSWedu\u003c/a> conference in Austin.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He said that educators might already be applying the following ideas, and some might not work at their school. \"But if you take home one or two or three of these things and tweak what you’re currently doing, I think that the outcome will be positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Be Intentional\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let the mission of the school -- and your own personal mission -- guide your work, said Mitchell. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">School mission statements should be “understandable, memorable, powerful and simple,” so that teachers and administrators can say with confidence, “I know that, I believe in that, I live that. That’s what we do as a school.” The \u003ca href=\"https://www.curreyingram.org/page/about/mission-history--milestones\">mission\u003c/a> at his school is to create an academy \"\u003c/span>that empowers students with learning differences to achieve their fullest potential.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teachers can also adopt personal mission statements to help guide their planning. For example, when Mitchell was a seventh-grade science teacher, he wanted his students to be able to “ask questions like scientists,” and he infused that idea into each of his units.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Rely on Evidence\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Whether the topic is reading instruction or classroom management, there is rich research available if you take the time to look for it. For example, recent advances in neuroimaging are changing intervention methods for students with dyslexia. Mitchell also pointed to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://visible-learning.org/2016/04/hattie-ranking-backup-of-138-effects/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">John Hattie’s\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> research on 1,200 meta-analyses in an effort to determine the variables that truly impact students' achievement.*\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If something is not working, consult the evidence,” said Mitchell. “Because chances are somebody out there is doing research on it and there’s good evidence to support a practice that you might not know about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Break Down the Traditional Structure of School\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I love being an educator,” said Mitchell. “But most everything about the industrial-factory model of school is not ideal for learners.” However, there are ways teachers can work around this structure, such as focusing on the word “variety.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you, as an administrator or teacher, are constructing curriculum, think about variety,\" said Mitchell. He reminds educators that classes will have a variety of learners so it's important to have several offerings. \"Think about multiple-sensory inputs -- let them hear it, let them see it, let them feel it -- and think about multiple instructional forms.” He also said variety is important when assessing student understanding; one form of test or assessment will not adequately reveal every student’s knowledge and skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Provide Clear Instruction on How to Think \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At Currey Ingram Academy, teachers explicitly teach executive functioning skills to their students. Executive function and self-regulation skills are, according to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/executive-function/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Harvard’s Center on the Developing Child\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, “the mental processes that enable us to plan, focus attention, remember instructions, and juggle multiple tasks successfully.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mitchell shared a strategy used by a third-grade teacher who was giving a short unit test. Immediately prior to the test, she spent 10 minutes reviewing test-taking strategies with her students -- with the test right in front of them. “She reminded them of seemingly simple things like, ‘There are four blanks for question two, and that means four responses are needed.'” After students were done with the test, they engaged in one more learning exercise. “They went over the test again. Not the answers, but the test itself. Did you answer all the questions? Instead of a typically summative learning experience, she made it a formative learning experience.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Be Mindful of Working Memory Limitations \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Working memory is a brain system that temporarily holds information while you process it. It’s where humans store data, step-by-step instructions, or a list until they don’t need it anymore.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The fundamental friction between the human brain and the traditional learning structure of school resides with our relatively poor working memory,” said Mitchell. He believes that sometimes teachers misinterpret a working memory issue as “willful misbehavior.” For example, what an adult might call “difficulty paying attention” may simply be that “there might be too many things for that child [to hold in working memory], especially children with learning differences.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Working memory also affects students’ ability to access information, remember instructions, get started on a task and copy information from the board. For some students, “three instructions may be too many. You may need to break it down to one or two.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Teach Reading Explicitly\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evidence reveals that “explicit, direct instruction works,” said Mitchell, “especially for younger and struggling readers.” There are many evidence-based programs available, but they all contain five strains: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. But even with a great program, a school must still schedule enough time for students to master these skills, said Mitchell. “You need an hour to an hour and a half every day to make the difference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Manage Behavior Through Prevention\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitchell believes that 90 percent of classroom management is prevention: rules, routines, engaging instruction and structure. Rules should be simple, generated by consensus and reviewed regularly. Routines should include regular brain breaks (Mitchell’s teachers use egg timers and take a one-minute “learning break” when it dings), and instruction should use a variety of activities to engage learners. “For the other 10 percent,” said Mitchell, “you need formal, systematic behavior plans and support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Use Communication to Your Advantage\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Schools “teach families, not just students,” said Mitchell. “If you reach out to your students or parents before they reach out to you, you have built up immense capital.” He recommends that teachers and administrators conduct regular surveys to hear feedback about how things are going in the classroom and at the school. Mitchell has found that his constituents often respond to the surveys with “ ‘thanks for listening to me,’ and that’s probably the most important thing that happens.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Use Supporting Programs in a Targeted Way\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Strong schools engage in “robust and targeted professional development,” said Mitchell. “By targeted I mean you’ve set a goal as a district, you’ve set a goal as a school, you’ve set a goal as an individual, and you target your professional development based on those goals.” Given the financial constraints every school faces, targeting professional development to goals is the \"most effective way to utilize your finite resources.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Celebrate and Empower Students \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Systematically, identify and celebrate at least one strength in every student,” said Mitchell. Then, “give each student opportunities to showcase this strength.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students who enroll in Currey Ingram Academy after attending school in a more traditional environment “come in and they are fragile – they have had little success in the academic setting,” said Mitchell. He hopes that these 10 ideas his school employs can help schools that aren't specifically designed for kids with learning differences better meet the needs of all learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">*An earlier version of this post confused the number of meta-analyses as the number of studies. We regret this error. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Strategies developed at a school that specializes in learning differences may be helpful to all schools in order to help the variety of learners everywhere.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1489609197,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1389},"headData":{"title":"10 Ways To Help Kids With Learning Differences That Could Benefit All Students | KQED","description":"Strategies developed at a school that specializes in learning differences may be helpful to all schools in order to help the variety of learners everywhere.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"10 Ways To Help Kids With Learning Differences That Could Benefit All Students","datePublished":"2017-03-15T16:56:50.000Z","dateModified":"2017-03-15T20:19:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"47744 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=47744","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/03/15/10-ways-to-help-kids-with-learning-differences-that-could-benefit-all-students/","disqusTitle":"10 Ways To Help Kids With Learning Differences That Could Benefit All Students","path":"/mindshift/47744/10-ways-to-help-kids-with-learning-differences-that-could-benefit-all-students","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">Schools are typically designed to serve the average student, and those with learning differences -- such as dyslexia or trouble with executive functioning skills -- usually make up a smaller part of the population. Estimates find that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo/pages/risk.aspx\">5 to 20 percent\u003c/a> of Americans have learning differences. If struggling students don't find the help they need in school, keeping up with the rest of the class can be an enormous challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.curreyingram.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Currey Ingram Academy\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is an independent school in Nashville developed specifically for kids with learning differences. As a way to spread the word about tactics that have worked at Currey Ingram Academy, head of school Jeffrey Mitchell shared 10 principles the school uses that are “realistic for every school in every context” as they seek to meet the needs of diverse learners. He presented his findings at the \u003ca href=\"http://schedule.sxswedu.com/events/event_PP60296\">SXSWedu\u003c/a> conference in Austin.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He said that educators might already be applying the following ideas, and some might not work at their school. \"But if you take home one or two or three of these things and tweak what you’re currently doing, I think that the outcome will be positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Be Intentional\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let the mission of the school -- and your own personal mission -- guide your work, said Mitchell. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">School mission statements should be “understandable, memorable, powerful and simple,” so that teachers and administrators can say with confidence, “I know that, I believe in that, I live that. That’s what we do as a school.” The \u003ca href=\"https://www.curreyingram.org/page/about/mission-history--milestones\">mission\u003c/a> at his school is to create an academy \"\u003c/span>that empowers students with learning differences to achieve their fullest potential.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teachers can also adopt personal mission statements to help guide their planning. For example, when Mitchell was a seventh-grade science teacher, he wanted his students to be able to “ask questions like scientists,” and he infused that idea into each of his units.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Rely on Evidence\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Whether the topic is reading instruction or classroom management, there is rich research available if you take the time to look for it. For example, recent advances in neuroimaging are changing intervention methods for students with dyslexia. Mitchell also pointed to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://visible-learning.org/2016/04/hattie-ranking-backup-of-138-effects/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">John Hattie’s\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> research on 1,200 meta-analyses in an effort to determine the variables that truly impact students' achievement.*\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If something is not working, consult the evidence,” said Mitchell. “Because chances are somebody out there is doing research on it and there’s good evidence to support a practice that you might not know about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Break Down the Traditional Structure of School\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I love being an educator,” said Mitchell. “But most everything about the industrial-factory model of school is not ideal for learners.” However, there are ways teachers can work around this structure, such as focusing on the word “variety.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you, as an administrator or teacher, are constructing curriculum, think about variety,\" said Mitchell. He reminds educators that classes will have a variety of learners so it's important to have several offerings. \"Think about multiple-sensory inputs -- let them hear it, let them see it, let them feel it -- and think about multiple instructional forms.” He also said variety is important when assessing student understanding; one form of test or assessment will not adequately reveal every student’s knowledge and skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Provide Clear Instruction on How to Think \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At Currey Ingram Academy, teachers explicitly teach executive functioning skills to their students. Executive function and self-regulation skills are, according to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/executive-function/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Harvard’s Center on the Developing Child\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, “the mental processes that enable us to plan, focus attention, remember instructions, and juggle multiple tasks successfully.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mitchell shared a strategy used by a third-grade teacher who was giving a short unit test. Immediately prior to the test, she spent 10 minutes reviewing test-taking strategies with her students -- with the test right in front of them. “She reminded them of seemingly simple things like, ‘There are four blanks for question two, and that means four responses are needed.'” After students were done with the test, they engaged in one more learning exercise. “They went over the test again. Not the answers, but the test itself. Did you answer all the questions? Instead of a typically summative learning experience, she made it a formative learning experience.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Be Mindful of Working Memory Limitations \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Working memory is a brain system that temporarily holds information while you process it. It’s where humans store data, step-by-step instructions, or a list until they don’t need it anymore.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The fundamental friction between the human brain and the traditional learning structure of school resides with our relatively poor working memory,” said Mitchell. He believes that sometimes teachers misinterpret a working memory issue as “willful misbehavior.” For example, what an adult might call “difficulty paying attention” may simply be that “there might be too many things for that child [to hold in working memory], especially children with learning differences.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Working memory also affects students’ ability to access information, remember instructions, get started on a task and copy information from the board. For some students, “three instructions may be too many. You may need to break it down to one or two.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Teach Reading Explicitly\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evidence reveals that “explicit, direct instruction works,” said Mitchell, “especially for younger and struggling readers.” There are many evidence-based programs available, but they all contain five strains: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. But even with a great program, a school must still schedule enough time for students to master these skills, said Mitchell. “You need an hour to an hour and a half every day to make the difference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Manage Behavior Through Prevention\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitchell believes that 90 percent of classroom management is prevention: rules, routines, engaging instruction and structure. Rules should be simple, generated by consensus and reviewed regularly. Routines should include regular brain breaks (Mitchell’s teachers use egg timers and take a one-minute “learning break” when it dings), and instruction should use a variety of activities to engage learners. “For the other 10 percent,” said Mitchell, “you need formal, systematic behavior plans and support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Use Communication to Your Advantage\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Schools “teach families, not just students,” said Mitchell. “If you reach out to your students or parents before they reach out to you, you have built up immense capital.” He recommends that teachers and administrators conduct regular surveys to hear feedback about how things are going in the classroom and at the school. Mitchell has found that his constituents often respond to the surveys with “ ‘thanks for listening to me,’ and that’s probably the most important thing that happens.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Use Supporting Programs in a Targeted Way\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Strong schools engage in “robust and targeted professional development,” said Mitchell. “By targeted I mean you’ve set a goal as a district, you’ve set a goal as a school, you’ve set a goal as an individual, and you target your professional development based on those goals.” Given the financial constraints every school faces, targeting professional development to goals is the \"most effective way to utilize your finite resources.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Celebrate and Empower Students \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Systematically, identify and celebrate at least one strength in every student,” said Mitchell. Then, “give each student opportunities to showcase this strength.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students who enroll in Currey Ingram Academy after attending school in a more traditional environment “come in and they are fragile – they have had little success in the academic setting,” said Mitchell. He hopes that these 10 ideas his school employs can help schools that aren't specifically designed for kids with learning differences better meet the needs of all learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">*An earlier version of this post confused the number of meta-analyses as the number of studies. We regret this error. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/47744/10-ways-to-help-kids-with-learning-differences-that-could-benefit-all-students","authors":["11087"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_20955","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_21073","mindshift_163","mindshift_20790","mindshift_20954"],"featImg":"mindshift_47758","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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