8 Ways to Help Older Kids Develop a Sense of Imagination
How Improv Can Open Up the Mind to Learning in the Classroom and Beyond
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Le Guin\u003c/a> -- dubbed by the Library of Congress in 2000 as a “living legend” for her contributions to science fiction, who died in January at the age of 88 -- had strong feelings about the imagination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In America the imagination is generally looked on as something that might be useful when the TV is out of order,” she \u003ca href=\"https://www.brainpickings.org/2017/04/13/ursula-k-le-guin-operating-instructions-words-are-my-matter/\">wrote\u003c/a> in \u003cem>Words Are My Matter\u003c/em>. But the ability to imagine is what drives all creativity, enables clear thinking and inspires a sense of humanity. “I think the imagination is the single most useful tool mankind possesses,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imaginative play comes naturally to children, but it’s a habit of mind that needs to be taught and reinforced throughout life: “Young human beings need exercises in imagination as they need exercise in all the basic skills of life, bodily and mental: for growth, for health, for competence, for joy,\" Le Guin wrote. \"This need continues as long as the mind is alive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagination might be vital to a clear mind, but it’s not something that’s widely taught or understood, especially among older students. In a 2007 study of prospective teachers, 68 percent \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871187108000266\">said\u003c/a> they believed students needed to focus on memorizing the right answer rather than thinking imaginatively. In his improbably popular TED talk on creativity and schools, Sir Ken Robinson \u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity/transcript?language=en\">said\u003c/a> that humans are born with creativity and “we get educated out of it.” Jenny Smith, who graduated from Millburn High School in 2013, said that her secondary school focused singularly on academic benchmarks. “No one really cared about trying to develop our imaginations,” she said. “There was a curriculum, and they stuck to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.ascd.org/Publications/Books/Overview/Cultivating-Curiosity-in-K-12-Classrooms.aspx\">Wendy Ostroff\u003c/a>, author of \u003cem>Cultivating Curiosity in K-12 Classrooms\u003c/em>, is a student of imagination and curiosity. Like Robinson, Ostroff believes many schools are set up in such a way as to wring out kids’ natural imaginativeness. “School is very oriented towards concepts,” she said, with walls between the creative classes like art and drama and “real” subjects where students have to perform. Lacking flexibility and time, teachers are required to hit “learning outcomes” and hew closely to lesson plans. Students respond by trying to please the teacher and get A’s, often losing any intrinsic interest in the subject along the way. “This is the opposite of imagination and creativity,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because imaginative thinking hones creativity and improves students’ social and emotional skills, it’s something that teachers and schools should fold into their planning. Ostroff identified several strategies teachers can adopt to encourage older students to activate their dormant imaginations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Give students more control\u003c/strong>. Loosening the classroom structure and allowing students more power over their work can activate their curiosity. Ostroff encourages teachers to “flip the system,” so that students understand that the learning is for them, and not the teachers. As a practical matter, this might mean assigning essays and allowing the students to determine their length, or telling kids to turn the papers in when they’re done rather than on a particular day, or simply offering a free-write period, where students write what they please for their eyes only. Teachers also can invite students to decide for themselves how a paper or assignment is assessed, and to encourage kids to reflect on and evaluate their own work. “They start to crack open when they feel like they’re in charge,” Ostroff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Have students track their Google searches.\u003c/strong> Internet search engines can seem to provide all the answers, blocking students from thinking expansively. For Ostroff, “Google is the beginning of the learning, not the end.” She recommends the following assignment: Ask students to Google something that they find intensely interesting. Then, suggest that they click the hyperlink that’s most appealing, and then the one after that. They should keep track of what interested them in each link, so they develop an awareness of their own process. A student might start by searching “Mayans,” then move to “jewelry they wore,” then “precious metals,” then to “mining.” The point is to understand that learning is not simply finding an answer; it’s going deeper to figure out the next question. The first Google search should be the start of a larger inquiry. “Learning is about letting yourself get carried away,” Ostroff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tell collaborative stories\u003c/strong>. Reading and telling stories is an effective way to learn. To spark imagination, the teacher might start by writing the first few lines of a story or poem on a piece of paper. She then passes the paper to a student, who adds more to the story. Every student receives the paper in turn, but reads only the written contribution of the student before her. (The paper should be folded to conceal all but the most recent addition.) This kind of impromptu storytelling, with its unpredictable outcome, keeps students engaged and thinking creatively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Try improv\u003c/strong>. Once the domain of jazz musicians and comedians, improvisation has found its way into businesses and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/01/30/how-improv-can-open-up-the-mind-to-learning-in-the-classroom-and-beyond/\">schools\u003c/a>. Improv is the practice of telling stories, or playing music, without scripts. One person begins the story with a few lines, and turns to the person next to her to continue it, and so on, until everyone in the group has contributed. The inviolate rule of improv is “yes, and”—meaning every contribution is accepted, regardless of its randomness, and woven into the story. Improv sparks creativity and spontaneity, and its nonjudgmental tone frees up the introverted or fearful. Because improv tends toward playfulness, it also allows some lightness into the classroom, and to learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Introduce real-life experiences whenever possible.\u003c/strong> What might seem bloodless or irrelevant in the classroom can come alive if students see the subject play out before them. To bring energy to science and math, for example, a teacher might take her class to a Maker Faire, where kids (and sometimes adults) use their imaginations and minds to create new things. Ostroff suggests something as simple as taking a walk in pursuit of objects that can be used to build sculptures; or, if a manufacturer is nearby, asking for their remnants to build machines. Another interesting project for teenagers is building a “\u003ca href=\"http://cubekc.org/\">box city\u003c/a>,” in which students construct their own buildings and work to combine them into a model city. Done right, the box city will take into account economics, geography, history and culture, and give children hands-on experience with design and urban planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Encourage doodling\u003c/strong>. Drawing pictures or coloring while listening is both common and useful: it enables the \u003ca href=\"http://www.proquest.com/blog/pqblog/2015/K122015-Current-Research-Supports-Doodling-.html\">doodler\u003c/a> to stay focused and heightens intellectual arousal. Teachers can capitalize on that benefit by including doodling in class work. For example, students can be given notebooks to doodle in when listening, and asked to do a “doodle content analysis” of their scribbles. As well, teachers might ask students to select one or more drawings to modify for an art project, or to combine several doodles into a mural. The point is to be mindful of the value of doodling—how it enhances imagination and improves focus—and to invite students to continue the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Imagine a classroom “creative council.” \u003c/strong>The council is an imaginary body of visionaries and experts that the students could “create” and then look to for answers to problems. A teacher might ask students to recommend people from the past or present who could “sit” on this council and serve as sources of wisdom. Ostroff writes, “We can tap into their knowledge virtually, by imagining and researching their potential responses and actions.” If students selected Marie Curie, for example, they would speculate about how she would respond to a particular issue. How would she approach the problem? What would she say we’re forgetting? This kind of made-up collective compels students to better understand how another thinks and even provides a kind of “imaginary mentorship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lighten up.\u003c/strong> “The message kids are getting in school is that learning isn’t fun,” Ostroff said. High school kids especially, who are reminded regularly to get serious about their studies, lose their sense of playfulness and replace it with a grim determination to do well. For their part, teachers feel the weight of lesson plans and standardized testing, all of it compressed into shorter days. Ostroff appreciates the challenge for students and teachers who are caught up in an efficiency model of education. By relaxing lesson plans, trying improv and giving students more voice in their education, teachers can shed some of the burden and restore the joy in learning.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As kids get older, the activities that cultivate imagination often get sidelined by the demands of academics. Professor Wendy Ostroff explains why imagination is so important and has suggestions for bringing back the spark.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1517508682,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1498},"headData":{"title":"8 Ways to Help Older Kids Develop a Sense of Imagination | KQED","description":"As kids get older, the activities that cultivate imagination often get sidelined by the demands of academics. Professor Wendy Ostroff explains why imagination is so important and has suggestions for bringing back the spark.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"8 Ways to Help Older Kids Develop a Sense of Imagination","datePublished":"2018-02-01T13:49:21.000Z","dateModified":"2018-02-01T18:11:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"50429 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=50429","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2018/02/01/how-to-help-older-kids-develop-a-sense-of-imagination/","disqusTitle":"8 Ways to Help Older Kids Develop a Sense of Imagination","path":"/mindshift/50429/how-to-help-older-kids-develop-a-sense-of-imagination","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Celebrated American author \u003ca href=\"http://www.ursulakleguin.com/\">Ursula K. Le Guin\u003c/a> -- dubbed by the Library of Congress in 2000 as a “living legend” for her contributions to science fiction, who died in January at the age of 88 -- had strong feelings about the imagination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In America the imagination is generally looked on as something that might be useful when the TV is out of order,” she \u003ca href=\"https://www.brainpickings.org/2017/04/13/ursula-k-le-guin-operating-instructions-words-are-my-matter/\">wrote\u003c/a> in \u003cem>Words Are My Matter\u003c/em>. But the ability to imagine is what drives all creativity, enables clear thinking and inspires a sense of humanity. “I think the imagination is the single most useful tool mankind possesses,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imaginative play comes naturally to children, but it’s a habit of mind that needs to be taught and reinforced throughout life: “Young human beings need exercises in imagination as they need exercise in all the basic skills of life, bodily and mental: for growth, for health, for competence, for joy,\" Le Guin wrote. \"This need continues as long as the mind is alive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagination might be vital to a clear mind, but it’s not something that’s widely taught or understood, especially among older students. In a 2007 study of prospective teachers, 68 percent \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871187108000266\">said\u003c/a> they believed students needed to focus on memorizing the right answer rather than thinking imaginatively. In his improbably popular TED talk on creativity and schools, Sir Ken Robinson \u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity/transcript?language=en\">said\u003c/a> that humans are born with creativity and “we get educated out of it.” Jenny Smith, who graduated from Millburn High School in 2013, said that her secondary school focused singularly on academic benchmarks. “No one really cared about trying to develop our imaginations,” she said. “There was a curriculum, and they stuck to it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.ascd.org/Publications/Books/Overview/Cultivating-Curiosity-in-K-12-Classrooms.aspx\">Wendy Ostroff\u003c/a>, author of \u003cem>Cultivating Curiosity in K-12 Classrooms\u003c/em>, is a student of imagination and curiosity. Like Robinson, Ostroff believes many schools are set up in such a way as to wring out kids’ natural imaginativeness. “School is very oriented towards concepts,” she said, with walls between the creative classes like art and drama and “real” subjects where students have to perform. Lacking flexibility and time, teachers are required to hit “learning outcomes” and hew closely to lesson plans. Students respond by trying to please the teacher and get A’s, often losing any intrinsic interest in the subject along the way. “This is the opposite of imagination and creativity,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because imaginative thinking hones creativity and improves students’ social and emotional skills, it’s something that teachers and schools should fold into their planning. Ostroff identified several strategies teachers can adopt to encourage older students to activate their dormant imaginations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Give students more control\u003c/strong>. Loosening the classroom structure and allowing students more power over their work can activate their curiosity. Ostroff encourages teachers to “flip the system,” so that students understand that the learning is for them, and not the teachers. As a practical matter, this might mean assigning essays and allowing the students to determine their length, or telling kids to turn the papers in when they’re done rather than on a particular day, or simply offering a free-write period, where students write what they please for their eyes only. Teachers also can invite students to decide for themselves how a paper or assignment is assessed, and to encourage kids to reflect on and evaluate their own work. “They start to crack open when they feel like they’re in charge,” Ostroff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Have students track their Google searches.\u003c/strong> Internet search engines can seem to provide all the answers, blocking students from thinking expansively. For Ostroff, “Google is the beginning of the learning, not the end.” She recommends the following assignment: Ask students to Google something that they find intensely interesting. Then, suggest that they click the hyperlink that’s most appealing, and then the one after that. They should keep track of what interested them in each link, so they develop an awareness of their own process. A student might start by searching “Mayans,” then move to “jewelry they wore,” then “precious metals,” then to “mining.” The point is to understand that learning is not simply finding an answer; it’s going deeper to figure out the next question. The first Google search should be the start of a larger inquiry. “Learning is about letting yourself get carried away,” Ostroff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tell collaborative stories\u003c/strong>. Reading and telling stories is an effective way to learn. To spark imagination, the teacher might start by writing the first few lines of a story or poem on a piece of paper. She then passes the paper to a student, who adds more to the story. Every student receives the paper in turn, but reads only the written contribution of the student before her. (The paper should be folded to conceal all but the most recent addition.) This kind of impromptu storytelling, with its unpredictable outcome, keeps students engaged and thinking creatively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Try improv\u003c/strong>. Once the domain of jazz musicians and comedians, improvisation has found its way into businesses and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/01/30/how-improv-can-open-up-the-mind-to-learning-in-the-classroom-and-beyond/\">schools\u003c/a>. Improv is the practice of telling stories, or playing music, without scripts. One person begins the story with a few lines, and turns to the person next to her to continue it, and so on, until everyone in the group has contributed. The inviolate rule of improv is “yes, and”—meaning every contribution is accepted, regardless of its randomness, and woven into the story. Improv sparks creativity and spontaneity, and its nonjudgmental tone frees up the introverted or fearful. Because improv tends toward playfulness, it also allows some lightness into the classroom, and to learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Introduce real-life experiences whenever possible.\u003c/strong> What might seem bloodless or irrelevant in the classroom can come alive if students see the subject play out before them. To bring energy to science and math, for example, a teacher might take her class to a Maker Faire, where kids (and sometimes adults) use their imaginations and minds to create new things. Ostroff suggests something as simple as taking a walk in pursuit of objects that can be used to build sculptures; or, if a manufacturer is nearby, asking for their remnants to build machines. Another interesting project for teenagers is building a “\u003ca href=\"http://cubekc.org/\">box city\u003c/a>,” in which students construct their own buildings and work to combine them into a model city. Done right, the box city will take into account economics, geography, history and culture, and give children hands-on experience with design and urban planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Encourage doodling\u003c/strong>. Drawing pictures or coloring while listening is both common and useful: it enables the \u003ca href=\"http://www.proquest.com/blog/pqblog/2015/K122015-Current-Research-Supports-Doodling-.html\">doodler\u003c/a> to stay focused and heightens intellectual arousal. Teachers can capitalize on that benefit by including doodling in class work. For example, students can be given notebooks to doodle in when listening, and asked to do a “doodle content analysis” of their scribbles. As well, teachers might ask students to select one or more drawings to modify for an art project, or to combine several doodles into a mural. The point is to be mindful of the value of doodling—how it enhances imagination and improves focus—and to invite students to continue the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Imagine a classroom “creative council.” \u003c/strong>The council is an imaginary body of visionaries and experts that the students could “create” and then look to for answers to problems. A teacher might ask students to recommend people from the past or present who could “sit” on this council and serve as sources of wisdom. Ostroff writes, “We can tap into their knowledge virtually, by imagining and researching their potential responses and actions.” If students selected Marie Curie, for example, they would speculate about how she would respond to a particular issue. How would she approach the problem? What would she say we’re forgetting? This kind of made-up collective compels students to better understand how another thinks and even provides a kind of “imaginary mentorship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lighten up.\u003c/strong> “The message kids are getting in school is that learning isn’t fun,” Ostroff said. High school kids especially, who are reminded regularly to get serious about their studies, lose their sense of playfulness and replace it with a grim determination to do well. For their part, teachers feel the weight of lesson plans and standardized testing, all of it compressed into shorter days. Ostroff appreciates the challenge for students and teachers who are caught up in an efficiency model of education. By relaxing lesson plans, trying improv and giving students more voice in their education, teachers can shed some of the burden and restore the joy in learning.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/50429/how-to-help-older-kids-develop-a-sense-of-imagination","authors":["4613"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_862","mindshift_20838","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20983","mindshift_20812","mindshift_21166","mindshift_20852","mindshift_1038"],"featImg":"mindshift_50454","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_39108":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_39108","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"39108","score":null,"sort":[1422625321000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-improv-can-open-up-the-mind-to-learning-in-the-classroom-and-beyond","title":"How Improv Can Open Up the Mind to Learning in the Classroom and Beyond","publishDate":1422625321,"format":"aside","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39154\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/01/how-improv-can-open-up-the-mind-to-learning-in-the-classroom-and-beyond/improv2_baukeschildt1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39154\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-39154\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2015/01/Improv2_BaukeSchildt1.gif\" alt=\"Illustration by Bauke Schildt\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration by Bauke Schildt\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Long before Amy Poehler became famous for her comic roles as Hillary Clinton on \"Saturday Night Live,\" and as indefatigable bureaucrat Leslie Knope on \"Parks and Recreation,\" she was a college freshman looking for something to do outside class. During her first week on campus, she auditioned for the school’s improvisational theater group, \"My Mother’s Fleabag,\" and discovered a passion. “Everyone was getting to act and be funny and write and direct and edit all at the same time,” she writes in her memoir, \u003cem>Yes, Please\u003c/em>. “My college life sort of exploded in happiness,” she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Poehler found liberating as a performer — the free-wheeling, creative and judgment-free nature of improv — is what makes it an appealing way to learn. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improvisation is well-known as comedy and entertainment, but during the past decade it has grown as a method of teaching and learning as well, says Robert Kulhan, adjunct professor of business administration at Duke’s Fuqua School of Business, and CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://businessimprov.com/\">Business Improvisations\u003c/a>. Today, improv is offered in the theater departments of many colleges and some high schools, according to Kulhan. As well, improv troupes around the country offer short workshops to school kids on specific subjects, and teach the basics of the art form in afterschool programs and summer camps. ImprovBoston, a 30-year old nonprofit comedy theater, sends staff into local schools to perform assemblies and share the fundamentals of improv to teachers and students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"q8ZaL0bQGGf6Oqj4cOuVNjNxaQHc2KrF\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first rule of improvisation is “yes, and,” meaning that anyone’s contribution to the group discussion is accepted without judgment. “We always talk about the four ‘c’s of improv: creativity, critical thinking, collaboration and communication,” says Deana Criess, director of ImprovBoston’s National Touring Company, about how she teaches the form to seventh-graders. To persuade students to abandon their fear of mistakes, she insists on unconditional support to all answers, then works to build trust among the group and invite risk-taking. “Once we have confidence in our ideas and in our teammates, we can free ourselves up to have fun,” she says. “So support, trust, risk, confidence and fun. That’s what improv is all about,” Criess says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improv enthusiasts rave about its educational value. Not only does it hone communication and public speaking skills, it also stimulates fast thinking and engagement with ideas. On a deeper level, improv chips away at mental barriers that block creative thinking — that internal editor who crosses out every word before it appears on a page — and rewards spontaneous, intuitive responses, Criess says. Because improv depends on the group providing categorical support for every answer, participants also grow in confidence and feel more connected to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of the few opportunities they have to truly create something, and have a voice that isn’t prescribed for them,” Criess says about students engaged in an improv exercise. And the form’s imperative to be fully “in the zone,” as Kulhan puts it, is a rebellion against the interruptions and distractions of our modern, high-tech lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improv is especially beneficial for atypical kids, no matter their stripe. It helps children with learning and physical disabilities develop a sense of play, and enables the socially awkward intellectual to socialize more easily, Kulhan explains. Run-of-the-mill introverts, who might be reluctant to raise their hands or audition for the play, also gain from the experience, Criess says. When they know they’ll be supported no matter their answer, introspective kids thrive. “Introverts give improv its richness,” she says, adding that many improv instructors identify themselves as introverts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39158\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/01/how-improv-can-open-up-the-mind-to-learning-in-the-classroom-and-beyond/tenets-of-improve-iskme/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39158\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-39158\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2015/01/Tenets-of-Improve-ISKME-300x410.gif\" alt=\"Facilitators at the Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education's Big Ideas Fest 2014 conveyed the improv mindset for solving problems and learning new ideas. \" width=\"300\" height=\"410\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facilitators at ISKME's \u003ca href=\"http://www.bigideasfest.org/\">Big Ideas Fest 2014\u003c/a> conveyed the improv mindset for solving problems and learning new ideas.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And improv is liberating for those in fields like science, where emotional detachment is critical for success. The Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science at Stony Brook University offers a graduate course on improv to help emerging scientists convey their ideas without resorting to textbook speak or one-sided lectures. “Improv helps the scientist re-engage with their own passions in their work, get out of their head and connected to the needs of the listener, be able to respond more freely, spontaneously and flexibly,” says Valeri Lantz-Gefroh, the improvisation coordinator at Stony Brook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Student’s Perspective\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lilly Hartman, now a junior at Brookline High School in Brookline, Massachusetts, took her first improv class in eighth grade, and remembers thinking it seemed cool but kind of nerve-wracking. Her first few times on stage she felt anxious about what her peers would think of her, worrying that she might do something foolish or embarrassing. But the more times Hartman did it, the less self-conscious she became, and the quicker she began to trust her own ideas and to think on her feet. “It’s about deciding to go with the flow and acting on what’s around you, and making decisions based on that,” she says. “And then feeling good about those decisions,” she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the classroom, where the learning environment is often tense and competitive, an improv setting builds enthusiasm among the participants, Hartman explained. “When you’re performing, it’s not competitive,” she says, and the trust that the performers build with one another is rewarding in itself. Acknowledging that math and English classes teach important skills, Hartman says that her improv work has been more personally transformative. “Improv helps you change on the inside,” she says. Without it, “I would be a more scared and quiet person,” she says. In fact, she adds, “I wouldn’t be the same person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Improvisation Exercises\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improv works cumulatively, so that a group ordinarily starts with a simple task and moves on to more challenging assignments once they’ve loosened up and begun to trust one another. Kulhan offers these two simple introductory examples:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One-Word Story:\u003c/strong> In this exercise, a group of individuals tells a cohesive story one word at a time. It starts when one person says a single word, and unfolds when someone else in the group offers up another word. Groups can do this in circles, so the participants know when it’s their turn to talk, or at the will of the teacher, adding a randomness to the exercise. The improvising continues until the group has created a story. “It takes a lot of focus, concentration, adaptability, flexibility, attentive listening, etc., just to create a single sentence … let alone a whole story,” Kulhan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conducted Story:\u003c/strong> This is more advanced than the one-word story. Here, participants form a line with the teacher up front, who behaves like the conductor of a line orchestra. When the conductor points to a student, that person talks for as long as the conductor remains pointing — perhaps just a couple of words, or maybe a few sentences. But as soon as the conductor turns to another student, the first talker must stop immediately and allow the second speaker to take over the narrative. The conductor moves haphazardly, forward and back through the line, lending even more unexpected twists to the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Variations of improv are also useful in helping revitalize a sleepy or distracted class or to introduce more proactive kinds of learning:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shakeout Exercise:\u003c/strong> Together, the teacher and class stand at their desks and count backward from eight to one — then seven to one, and six to one, etc. — saying the number out loud as if it’s the most important word they’ve ever heard. While counting, they also shake their right hands in keeping with the number. Then they do the same series of countdowns while moving their left hand, then their right leg, and finally their left leg. “It’s superpowerful,” says Criess, “and doing it together can teach kids and adults it’s OK to look foolish in front of each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Living Wax Museum/Historical Talk Show:\u003c/strong> Students pick an important historical figure to research, and later “become” that person, improvising answers to questions posed by fellow classmates, visiting parents or the talk-show “host”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Aid for Teachers and Schools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inviting kids of all types to engage together in improv exercises reinforces the values that most schools seek, Criess says. With its emphasis on support and acceptance of all ideas, improv’s “yes, and” code penetrates social tribes and teaches kids to see the positive in their peers, creating a healthier climate at school. “It helps kids be positive community members,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39155\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/01/how-improv-can-open-up-the-mind-to-learning-in-the-classroom-and-beyond/improv-photo-from-iskme-big-ideas-fest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39155\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-39155\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2015/01/Improv-photo-from-ISKME-Big-Ideas-Fest-300x300.gif\" alt=\"Facilitators at ISKME's Big Ideas Fest 2014 conveyed the "Yes, and" mindset for solving problems and learning new ideas. \" width=\"300\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facilitators at ISKME's Big Ideas Fest 2014 conveyed the \"Yes, and\" mindset for solving problems and learning new ideas.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Training in improv may help teachers be more effective as well. Criess began learning improv while working in a preschool for children on the autism spectrum, and found herself applying the lessons from theater to the class. “What I was doing there with adults is exactly what these kids needed,” she says. Improv class helped her work with the kids on their level rather than according to a preconceived idea about what they needed to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also reminds teachers that listening and responding to students, and adapting to their needs, is more educational than obeying a rigid teaching plan, Kulhan explains. “It's communication based on observation, collaboration, and not teaching with blinders on,” he says. Teachers might also find that kids are energized and more attentive after engaging in simple improv exercises that induce everyone to look ridiculous together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But does “yes, and” diminish one’s ability to think critically? Are there limits to all the right answers? “Improv says yes to the idea of ideas,” Criess says. Not every original thought will turn into the next invention, but offshoots of that first idea may lead to better ones, she explains. “Let’s agree to have ideas,” she says. “And set up a culture where risks are encouraged, and greeted positively and with respect.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Improvisation is being used as a way to help students and educators feel supported, open up to new ideas and think on their feet. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1424825449,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1754},"headData":{"title":"How Improv Can Open Up the Mind to Learning in the Classroom and Beyond | KQED","description":"Improvisation is being used as a way to help students and educators feel supported, open up to new ideas and think on their feet. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Improv Can Open Up the Mind to Learning in the Classroom and Beyond","datePublished":"2015-01-30T13:42:01.000Z","dateModified":"2015-02-25T00:50:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"39108 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=39108","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/01/30/how-improv-can-open-up-the-mind-to-learning-in-the-classroom-and-beyond/","disqusTitle":"How Improv Can Open Up the Mind to Learning in the Classroom and Beyond","path":"/mindshift/39108/how-improv-can-open-up-the-mind-to-learning-in-the-classroom-and-beyond","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39154\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/01/how-improv-can-open-up-the-mind-to-learning-in-the-classroom-and-beyond/improv2_baukeschildt1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39154\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-39154\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2015/01/Improv2_BaukeSchildt1.gif\" alt=\"Illustration by Bauke Schildt\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration by Bauke Schildt\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Long before Amy Poehler became famous for her comic roles as Hillary Clinton on \"Saturday Night Live,\" and as indefatigable bureaucrat Leslie Knope on \"Parks and Recreation,\" she was a college freshman looking for something to do outside class. During her first week on campus, she auditioned for the school’s improvisational theater group, \"My Mother’s Fleabag,\" and discovered a passion. “Everyone was getting to act and be funny and write and direct and edit all at the same time,” she writes in her memoir, \u003cem>Yes, Please\u003c/em>. “My college life sort of exploded in happiness,” she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Poehler found liberating as a performer — the free-wheeling, creative and judgment-free nature of improv — is what makes it an appealing way to learn. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improvisation is well-known as comedy and entertainment, but during the past decade it has grown as a method of teaching and learning as well, says Robert Kulhan, adjunct professor of business administration at Duke’s Fuqua School of Business, and CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://businessimprov.com/\">Business Improvisations\u003c/a>. Today, improv is offered in the theater departments of many colleges and some high schools, according to Kulhan. As well, improv troupes around the country offer short workshops to school kids on specific subjects, and teach the basics of the art form in afterschool programs and summer camps. ImprovBoston, a 30-year old nonprofit comedy theater, sends staff into local schools to perform assemblies and share the fundamentals of improv to teachers and students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first rule of improvisation is “yes, and,” meaning that anyone’s contribution to the group discussion is accepted without judgment. “We always talk about the four ‘c’s of improv: creativity, critical thinking, collaboration and communication,” says Deana Criess, director of ImprovBoston’s National Touring Company, about how she teaches the form to seventh-graders. To persuade students to abandon their fear of mistakes, she insists on unconditional support to all answers, then works to build trust among the group and invite risk-taking. “Once we have confidence in our ideas and in our teammates, we can free ourselves up to have fun,” she says. “So support, trust, risk, confidence and fun. That’s what improv is all about,” Criess says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improv enthusiasts rave about its educational value. Not only does it hone communication and public speaking skills, it also stimulates fast thinking and engagement with ideas. On a deeper level, improv chips away at mental barriers that block creative thinking — that internal editor who crosses out every word before it appears on a page — and rewards spontaneous, intuitive responses, Criess says. Because improv depends on the group providing categorical support for every answer, participants also grow in confidence and feel more connected to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of the few opportunities they have to truly create something, and have a voice that isn’t prescribed for them,” Criess says about students engaged in an improv exercise. And the form’s imperative to be fully “in the zone,” as Kulhan puts it, is a rebellion against the interruptions and distractions of our modern, high-tech lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improv is especially beneficial for atypical kids, no matter their stripe. It helps children with learning and physical disabilities develop a sense of play, and enables the socially awkward intellectual to socialize more easily, Kulhan explains. Run-of-the-mill introverts, who might be reluctant to raise their hands or audition for the play, also gain from the experience, Criess says. When they know they’ll be supported no matter their answer, introspective kids thrive. “Introverts give improv its richness,” she says, adding that many improv instructors identify themselves as introverts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39158\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/01/how-improv-can-open-up-the-mind-to-learning-in-the-classroom-and-beyond/tenets-of-improve-iskme/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39158\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-39158\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2015/01/Tenets-of-Improve-ISKME-300x410.gif\" alt=\"Facilitators at the Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education's Big Ideas Fest 2014 conveyed the improv mindset for solving problems and learning new ideas. \" width=\"300\" height=\"410\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facilitators at ISKME's \u003ca href=\"http://www.bigideasfest.org/\">Big Ideas Fest 2014\u003c/a> conveyed the improv mindset for solving problems and learning new ideas.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And improv is liberating for those in fields like science, where emotional detachment is critical for success. The Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science at Stony Brook University offers a graduate course on improv to help emerging scientists convey their ideas without resorting to textbook speak or one-sided lectures. “Improv helps the scientist re-engage with their own passions in their work, get out of their head and connected to the needs of the listener, be able to respond more freely, spontaneously and flexibly,” says Valeri Lantz-Gefroh, the improvisation coordinator at Stony Brook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Student’s Perspective\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lilly Hartman, now a junior at Brookline High School in Brookline, Massachusetts, took her first improv class in eighth grade, and remembers thinking it seemed cool but kind of nerve-wracking. Her first few times on stage she felt anxious about what her peers would think of her, worrying that she might do something foolish or embarrassing. But the more times Hartman did it, the less self-conscious she became, and the quicker she began to trust her own ideas and to think on her feet. “It’s about deciding to go with the flow and acting on what’s around you, and making decisions based on that,” she says. “And then feeling good about those decisions,” she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the classroom, where the learning environment is often tense and competitive, an improv setting builds enthusiasm among the participants, Hartman explained. “When you’re performing, it’s not competitive,” she says, and the trust that the performers build with one another is rewarding in itself. Acknowledging that math and English classes teach important skills, Hartman says that her improv work has been more personally transformative. “Improv helps you change on the inside,” she says. Without it, “I would be a more scared and quiet person,” she says. In fact, she adds, “I wouldn’t be the same person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Improvisation Exercises\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improv works cumulatively, so that a group ordinarily starts with a simple task and moves on to more challenging assignments once they’ve loosened up and begun to trust one another. Kulhan offers these two simple introductory examples:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One-Word Story:\u003c/strong> In this exercise, a group of individuals tells a cohesive story one word at a time. It starts when one person says a single word, and unfolds when someone else in the group offers up another word. Groups can do this in circles, so the participants know when it’s their turn to talk, or at the will of the teacher, adding a randomness to the exercise. The improvising continues until the group has created a story. “It takes a lot of focus, concentration, adaptability, flexibility, attentive listening, etc., just to create a single sentence … let alone a whole story,” Kulhan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conducted Story:\u003c/strong> This is more advanced than the one-word story. Here, participants form a line with the teacher up front, who behaves like the conductor of a line orchestra. When the conductor points to a student, that person talks for as long as the conductor remains pointing — perhaps just a couple of words, or maybe a few sentences. But as soon as the conductor turns to another student, the first talker must stop immediately and allow the second speaker to take over the narrative. The conductor moves haphazardly, forward and back through the line, lending even more unexpected twists to the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Variations of improv are also useful in helping revitalize a sleepy or distracted class or to introduce more proactive kinds of learning:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shakeout Exercise:\u003c/strong> Together, the teacher and class stand at their desks and count backward from eight to one — then seven to one, and six to one, etc. — saying the number out loud as if it’s the most important word they’ve ever heard. While counting, they also shake their right hands in keeping with the number. Then they do the same series of countdowns while moving their left hand, then their right leg, and finally their left leg. “It’s superpowerful,” says Criess, “and doing it together can teach kids and adults it’s OK to look foolish in front of each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Living Wax Museum/Historical Talk Show:\u003c/strong> Students pick an important historical figure to research, and later “become” that person, improvising answers to questions posed by fellow classmates, visiting parents or the talk-show “host”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Aid for Teachers and Schools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inviting kids of all types to engage together in improv exercises reinforces the values that most schools seek, Criess says. With its emphasis on support and acceptance of all ideas, improv’s “yes, and” code penetrates social tribes and teaches kids to see the positive in their peers, creating a healthier climate at school. “It helps kids be positive community members,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39155\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/01/how-improv-can-open-up-the-mind-to-learning-in-the-classroom-and-beyond/improv-photo-from-iskme-big-ideas-fest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39155\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-39155\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2015/01/Improv-photo-from-ISKME-Big-Ideas-Fest-300x300.gif\" alt=\"Facilitators at ISKME's Big Ideas Fest 2014 conveyed the "Yes, and" mindset for solving problems and learning new ideas. \" width=\"300\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facilitators at ISKME's Big Ideas Fest 2014 conveyed the \"Yes, and\" mindset for solving problems and learning new ideas.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Training in improv may help teachers be more effective as well. Criess began learning improv while working in a preschool for children on the autism spectrum, and found herself applying the lessons from theater to the class. “What I was doing there with adults is exactly what these kids needed,” she says. Improv class helped her work with the kids on their level rather than according to a preconceived idea about what they needed to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also reminds teachers that listening and responding to students, and adapting to their needs, is more educational than obeying a rigid teaching plan, Kulhan explains. “It's communication based on observation, collaboration, and not teaching with blinders on,” he says. Teachers might also find that kids are energized and more attentive after engaging in simple improv exercises that induce everyone to look ridiculous together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But does “yes, and” diminish one’s ability to think critically? Are there limits to all the right answers? “Improv says yes to the idea of ideas,” Criess says. Not every original thought will turn into the next invention, but offshoots of that first idea may lead to better ones, she explains. “Let’s agree to have ideas,” she says. “And set up a culture where risks are encouraged, and greeted positively and with respect.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/39108/how-improv-can-open-up-the-mind-to-learning-in-the-classroom-and-beyond","authors":["4613"],"categories":["mindshift_20729","mindshift_20579","mindshift_194"],"tags":["mindshift_862","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20812"],"featImg":"mindshift_39188","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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