A Diverse Classroom Library Includes and Respects Fat Characters, Too
Kids of color get worse health care across the board in the U.S., research finds
Free COVID tests headed to nation's schools
Teens want to know how to have better relationships. Consent education can help.
Pandemic or no, kids are still getting — and spreading — head lice
Cultivating Joy Takes Work: 3 Ways to Turn Happiness Into a Habit
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href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57026/diversifying-your-classroom-book-collections-avoid-these-7-pitfalls\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">races\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and socioeconomic statuses. However, representation of size diversity, particularly with regard to fat main characters, is often overlooked. The absence of differently sized characters has far-reaching implications for students because \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scholastic.com/parents/books-and-reading/raise-a-reader-blog/why-its-important-kids-to-see-themselves-books.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">students’ engagement and motivation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in reading are influenced by the presence of relatable protagonists. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/23813377211028256#body-ref-bibr18-23813377211028256\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rudine Sims Bishop’s\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “windows, mirrors and sliding glass doors” framework underscores the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61018/want-kids-to-love-reading-authors-grace-lin-and-kate-messner-share-how-to-find-wonder-in-books\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">roles books play\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for learning about others, reflecting aspects of oneself, and facilitating exploration.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Fat is viewed as profane,” said \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.drdywannasmith.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dywanna Smith\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a former English teacher who focused her dissertation on establishing safe spaces for Black girls to discuss body size. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She emphasized that when fat students lack representation or only encounter characters who reinforce fat bias, it sends the message that they do not belong. This bias, known as fatphobia, involves discrimination against people based on their overweight or obese body size. Experiencing weight stigma has lasting effects: A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/oby.2006.208\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2012 study in the journal Obesity\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58357/why-focusing-on-healthy-habits-not-weight-gain-can-better-help-kids\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">weight stigma did not motivate weight loss\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> but can result in isolation and avoidance, among other coping strategies. Overweight or obese kids also are often \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54257/praise-dont-tease-and-other-tips-to-help-kids-with-their-weight\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">victims of bullying\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/yv/bullying-suicide-translation-final-a.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">correlated with increased suicide-related behavior\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every student deserves access to books with relatable stories that foster a sense of inclusivity and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62154/proven-classroom-strategies-for-winning-over-reluctant-readers\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cultivate a love for reading\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Teachers can explore ways to critically examine the presence of fat characters in literature and seek books that portray fat protagonists in all of their complexity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Not all representation is good representation\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The literary landscape includes few fat characters who follow well-worn storylines. “Their size is one of the main conflicts of the story and typically it (has) to be resolved with that person losing weight,” said Smith. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JustTeachingELA\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Caitlin O’ Connor\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a language arts teacher from New York who presented on fat positivity at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://convention.ncte.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Council of Teachers of English\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> conference last year, added that plot lines where fat characters lose weight can be harmful because it communicates fat characters are only likable if they are committed to getting smaller. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fat characters are often subject to harmful stereotypes. “It’s not just the presence of fat characters that we need. It’s the good representation of fat characters that we need. We need them to be represented as whole people with stories and lives that are full, that matter, that aren’t just a list of tropes,” said O’Connor. She cited Piggy, a character described as fat from Lord of the Flies, as an example. “He’s constantly called fat and framed as lesser than,” she said, adding that the way that Piggy is treated throughout the book suggests fat people are deserving of name calling and bullying. Other common tropes include framing fat characters as unable to decide what is best for themselves, having fraught relationships with food, or being uninterested in athletic activities. O’Connor emphasized that fat characters should not be confined to proving thin people’s physical superiority or serving as comic relief. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If a teacher has to explore a book with a fat main character that falls into reductive stereotypes, it can be a learning opportunity. O’Connor encouraged teachers to engage students in discussions about character portrayal and patterns across other books. “Having these discussions builds the critical thinking skills and perspectives we want our students to develop,” she said. “We can teach students to recognize and challenge stereotypes through literature.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Literature can debunk stereotypes and tropes\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teachers can curate diverse book collections that feature fat characters in multifaceted roles and that combat anti-fat bias. O’Connor emphasized the power of language, urging teachers to discuss words as a tool that can uplift or oppress. She suggested repositioning the word “fat” as a descriptor, not a derisive term.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When choosing a book with a fat character, Smith recommended that teachers ask whether the character’s portrayal contributes to existing harmful attitudes, prejudices or stereotypes. Additionally, it’s crucial to assess whether the character is allowed to grow and change throughout the narrative.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Among Smith and O’Connor’s recommended books for students are Lisa Fipps’ \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/608212/starfish-by-lisa-fipps/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Starfish\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Crystal Maldonado’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/648097/fat-chance-charlie-vega-by-by-crystal-maldonado/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fat Chance Charlie Vega\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Susan Vaught’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://susanvaught.com/book/big-fat-manifesto-2/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Big Fat Manifesto\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and a collection titled \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.harvard.com/book/the_other_f_word/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The (Other) F Word: A Celebration of the Fat & Fierce\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by Angie Manfredi. These narratives explore themes of self-acceptance, challenging societal norms and celebrating diverse bodies. Other recommendations include the anthology \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/every-body-shines-9781547606078/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every Body Shines\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by Cassandra Newbould, Claire Kann’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250192677/ifitmakesyouhappy\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If It Makes You Happy\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Paul Coccia’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.orcabook.com/Cub\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cub\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and Gabby Rivera’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/621079/juliet-takes-a-breath-by-gabby-rivera/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Juliet Takes a Breath\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, each contributing to a tapestry of stories that defy stereotypes and promote body positivity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Where teachers can start\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Addressing the needs of students, especially those experiencing fatphobia, begins with critical introspection, according to Smith. She suggested making a table with the days of the week and noting what you do to support students and colleagues who are fat. “Oftentimes very little is written down,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some teachers may not know where to start and don’t want to say the wrong thing when broaching discussions about body size. Smith urged educators to familiarize themselves with fatphobia and read fat literature for adults, such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/565139/the-body-is-not-an-apology-second-edition-by-sonya-renee-taylor/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Body Is Not an Apology\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Sonya Renee Taylor, which advocates for radical self-love to counteract harm caused by bias or fatphobia, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/645819/what-we-dont-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-fat-by-aubrey-gordon/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What We Don’t Talk About When We Talk About Fat\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Aubrey Gordon, which covers how to challenge cultural attitudes and advocate for social justice.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Highlighting the historical intersections of race and body size, Smith considers \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nyupress.org/9781479886753/fearing-the-black-body/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fearing the Black Body: The Racial Origins of Fat Phobia\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Sabrina Strings a keystone text. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Thickening-Fat-Fat-Bodies-Intersectionality-and-Social-Justice/Friedman-Rice-Rinaldi/p/book/9781138580039\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thickening Fat: Fat Bodies, Intersectionality, and Social Justice\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by May Friedman, Carla Rice and Jen Rinaldi, explores fat oppression and activism through various perspectives.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The worst thing teachers can do is to stay silent about fat characters or the lack thereof, Smith said. “Do we really want to be responsible for saying, ‘Because you are fat, you are unworthy of grace, dignity, love and to have your story heard?’” she asked. “In the absence of this discussion, isn’t that what we’re saying already?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Cultivate inclusivity, confront stereotypes, and instill critical thinking skill in students by paying attention to how fat characters are represented in your classroom library.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713534588,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":1098},"headData":{"title":"A Diverse Classroom Library Includes and Respects Fat Characters, Too | KQED","description":"Diverse characters in literature play a crucial role in affirming students, disrupting stereotypes and fostering empathy.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Diverse characters in literature play a crucial role in affirming students, disrupting stereotypes and fostering empathy.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Diverse Classroom Library Includes and Respects Fat Characters, Too","datePublished":"2024-01-30T11:00:18.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-19T13:49:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63014/a-diverse-classroom-library-includes-and-respects-fat-characters-too","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many teachers excel at stocking their shelves with books featuring characters of diverse \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62049/choosing-childrens-books-that-include-and-affirm-disability-experiences\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">abilities\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57026/diversifying-your-classroom-book-collections-avoid-these-7-pitfalls\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">races\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and socioeconomic statuses. However, representation of size diversity, particularly with regard to fat main characters, is often overlooked. The absence of differently sized characters has far-reaching implications for students because \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scholastic.com/parents/books-and-reading/raise-a-reader-blog/why-its-important-kids-to-see-themselves-books.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">students’ engagement and motivation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in reading are influenced by the presence of relatable protagonists. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/23813377211028256#body-ref-bibr18-23813377211028256\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rudine Sims Bishop’s\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “windows, mirrors and sliding glass doors” framework underscores the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61018/want-kids-to-love-reading-authors-grace-lin-and-kate-messner-share-how-to-find-wonder-in-books\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">roles books play\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for learning about others, reflecting aspects of oneself, and facilitating exploration.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Fat is viewed as profane,” said \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.drdywannasmith.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dywanna Smith\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a former English teacher who focused her dissertation on establishing safe spaces for Black girls to discuss body size. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She emphasized that when fat students lack representation or only encounter characters who reinforce fat bias, it sends the message that they do not belong. This bias, known as fatphobia, involves discrimination against people based on their overweight or obese body size. Experiencing weight stigma has lasting effects: A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/oby.2006.208\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2012 study in the journal Obesity\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58357/why-focusing-on-healthy-habits-not-weight-gain-can-better-help-kids\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">weight stigma did not motivate weight loss\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> but can result in isolation and avoidance, among other coping strategies. Overweight or obese kids also are often \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54257/praise-dont-tease-and-other-tips-to-help-kids-with-their-weight\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">victims of bullying\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/yv/bullying-suicide-translation-final-a.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">correlated with increased suicide-related behavior\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every student deserves access to books with relatable stories that foster a sense of inclusivity and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62154/proven-classroom-strategies-for-winning-over-reluctant-readers\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cultivate a love for reading\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Teachers can explore ways to critically examine the presence of fat characters in literature and seek books that portray fat protagonists in all of their complexity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Not all representation is good representation\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The literary landscape includes few fat characters who follow well-worn storylines. “Their size is one of the main conflicts of the story and typically it (has) to be resolved with that person losing weight,” said Smith. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JustTeachingELA\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Caitlin O’ Connor\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a language arts teacher from New York who presented on fat positivity at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://convention.ncte.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Council of Teachers of English\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> conference last year, added that plot lines where fat characters lose weight can be harmful because it communicates fat characters are only likable if they are committed to getting smaller. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fat characters are often subject to harmful stereotypes. “It’s not just the presence of fat characters that we need. It’s the good representation of fat characters that we need. We need them to be represented as whole people with stories and lives that are full, that matter, that aren’t just a list of tropes,” said O’Connor. She cited Piggy, a character described as fat from Lord of the Flies, as an example. “He’s constantly called fat and framed as lesser than,” she said, adding that the way that Piggy is treated throughout the book suggests fat people are deserving of name calling and bullying. Other common tropes include framing fat characters as unable to decide what is best for themselves, having fraught relationships with food, or being uninterested in athletic activities. O’Connor emphasized that fat characters should not be confined to proving thin people’s physical superiority or serving as comic relief. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If a teacher has to explore a book with a fat main character that falls into reductive stereotypes, it can be a learning opportunity. O’Connor encouraged teachers to engage students in discussions about character portrayal and patterns across other books. “Having these discussions builds the critical thinking skills and perspectives we want our students to develop,” she said. “We can teach students to recognize and challenge stereotypes through literature.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Literature can debunk stereotypes and tropes\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teachers can curate diverse book collections that feature fat characters in multifaceted roles and that combat anti-fat bias. O’Connor emphasized the power of language, urging teachers to discuss words as a tool that can uplift or oppress. She suggested repositioning the word “fat” as a descriptor, not a derisive term.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When choosing a book with a fat character, Smith recommended that teachers ask whether the character’s portrayal contributes to existing harmful attitudes, prejudices or stereotypes. Additionally, it’s crucial to assess whether the character is allowed to grow and change throughout the narrative.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Among Smith and O’Connor’s recommended books for students are Lisa Fipps’ \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/608212/starfish-by-lisa-fipps/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Starfish\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Crystal Maldonado’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/648097/fat-chance-charlie-vega-by-by-crystal-maldonado/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fat Chance Charlie Vega\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Susan Vaught’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://susanvaught.com/book/big-fat-manifesto-2/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Big Fat Manifesto\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and a collection titled \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.harvard.com/book/the_other_f_word/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The (Other) F Word: A Celebration of the Fat & Fierce\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by Angie Manfredi. These narratives explore themes of self-acceptance, challenging societal norms and celebrating diverse bodies. Other recommendations include the anthology \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/every-body-shines-9781547606078/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every Body Shines\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by Cassandra Newbould, Claire Kann’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250192677/ifitmakesyouhappy\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If It Makes You Happy\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Paul Coccia’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.orcabook.com/Cub\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cub\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and Gabby Rivera’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/621079/juliet-takes-a-breath-by-gabby-rivera/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Juliet Takes a Breath\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, each contributing to a tapestry of stories that defy stereotypes and promote body positivity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Where teachers can start\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Addressing the needs of students, especially those experiencing fatphobia, begins with critical introspection, according to Smith. She suggested making a table with the days of the week and noting what you do to support students and colleagues who are fat. “Oftentimes very little is written down,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some teachers may not know where to start and don’t want to say the wrong thing when broaching discussions about body size. Smith urged educators to familiarize themselves with fatphobia and read fat literature for adults, such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/565139/the-body-is-not-an-apology-second-edition-by-sonya-renee-taylor/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Body Is Not an Apology\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Sonya Renee Taylor, which advocates for radical self-love to counteract harm caused by bias or fatphobia, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/645819/what-we-dont-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-fat-by-aubrey-gordon/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What We Don’t Talk About When We Talk About Fat\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Aubrey Gordon, which covers how to challenge cultural attitudes and advocate for social justice.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Highlighting the historical intersections of race and body size, Smith considers \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nyupress.org/9781479886753/fearing-the-black-body/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fearing the Black Body: The Racial Origins of Fat Phobia\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Sabrina Strings a keystone text. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Thickening-Fat-Fat-Bodies-Intersectionality-and-Social-Justice/Friedman-Rice-Rinaldi/p/book/9781138580039\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thickening Fat: Fat Bodies, Intersectionality, and Social Justice\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by May Friedman, Carla Rice and Jen Rinaldi, explores fat oppression and activism through various perspectives.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The worst thing teachers can do is to stay silent about fat characters or the lack thereof, Smith said. “Do we really want to be responsible for saying, ‘Because you are fat, you are unworthy of grace, dignity, love and to have your story heard?’” she asked. “In the absence of this discussion, isn’t that what we’re saying already?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63014/a-diverse-classroom-library-includes-and-respects-fat-characters-too","authors":["11721"],"categories":["mindshift_21512","mindshift_21280","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_21250","mindshift_20818","mindshift_21561","mindshift_20997","mindshift_843","mindshift_268","mindshift_20564","mindshift_21277","mindshift_20770","mindshift_96","mindshift_550","mindshift_825"],"featImg":"mindshift_63016","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_62994":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_62994","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"62994","score":null,"sort":[1705626028000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kids-of-color-get-worse-health-care-across-the-board-in-the-u-s-research-finds","title":"Kids of color get worse health care across the board in the U.S., research finds","publishDate":1705626028,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Kids of color get worse health care across the board in the U.S., research finds | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Imagine your child has broken a bone. You head to the emergency department, but the doctors won’t prescribe painkillers. This scenario is one that children of color in the U.S. are more likely to face than their white peers, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(23)00251-1/fulltext\">new findings\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers reviewed dozens of recent studies looking at the quality of care children receive across a wide spectrum of pediatric specialties. The inequities are widespread, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/faculty-profiles/az/profile.html?xid=39078\">Nia Heard-Garris\u003c/a>, a researcher at Northwestern University and a pediatrician at Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, who oversaw the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No matter where you look, there are disparities in care for Black Americans, Hispanic, Latinx, Asian Americans — pretty much every racial and ethnic group that’s not white,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heard-Garris says there are lots of examples of inequalities across specialties. The review found children of color are less likely to get diagnostic imaging and more likely to experience complications during and after some surgical procedures. They face longer wait times for care at the emergency room, and they are less likely to get diagnosed and treated for a developmental disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strongest disparity evidence was found in pain management. Kids of color are less likely than their white peers to get painkillers for a broken arm or leg, for appendicitis or for migraines. “Those are some really severe examples of how this plays out,” says\u003ca href=\"https://chicago.medicine.uic.edu/directory/name/monique-jindal/\"> Dr. Monique Jindal\u003c/a>, an assistant professor at the University of Illinois Chicago and one of the authors of the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers looked only at studies that included children who had health insurance, “so we cannot blame the lack of insurance for causing these disparities,” Heard-Garris says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compiling evidence of health inequities from across a wide array of pediatric specialties was a “tremendous” undertaking, says \u003ca href=\"https://research.childrensnational.org/people/monika-goyal\">Dr. Monika Goyal\u003c/a>, associate chief of emergency medicine at Children’s National Hospital in Washington, D.C., who was not involved in the research review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have really done an amazing job in painstakingly pulling together the data that really highlights the widespread pervasiveness of inequities in care,” says Goyal, whose own research has examined disparities in pediatric care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the causes of the inequities are wide-ranging but are ultimately rooted in structural racism, including unequal access to healthy housing and economic opportunities, disparate policing of kids of color and unconscious bias among health care providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anyone who has their eyes open knows that the disparities exist. Where we’re really lacking is talking about tangible solutions,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(23)00262-6/fulltext\">Jindal\u003c/a>, who was the lead author on a companion paper that offered policy recommendations to counteract these widespread disparities in pediatric care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These solutions may ultimately require sweeping policy changes, Jindal says, because “we cannot have high-quality health care or equitable health care without addressing each of the policy issues with the other sectors of society,” Jindal says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sweeping policy changes could take a long time, and some, like instituting universal health care, have proved politically unfeasible in the past. Some low-hanging fruit could be tackled at the state level, Jindal says, such as instituting continuous eligibility for social safety-net programs such as SNAP, Medicaid and CHIP, so that children don’t face losing insurance coverage and food assistance for administrative reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Heard-Garris says health care providers should take some immediate steps to check their own practices for biases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if you are the most progressive provider, you’re still going to have things that are blinders,” she says. Make sure you check on those, challenge them, learn more, push yourself, review your own charts, Heard-Garris advises.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was edited by Jane Greenhalgh.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Kids+of+color+get+worse+health+care+across+the+board+in+the+U.S.%2C+research+finds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"From neonatal and primary care to emergency medicine, kids got lower-quality care than their white peers, researchers found. Disparities include longer waits and less pain medication after surgery.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1705626028,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":654},"headData":{"title":"Kids of color get worse health care across the board in the U.S., research finds | KQED","description":"From neonatal and primary care to emergency medicine, kids got lower-quality care than their white peers, researchers found. Disparities include longer waits and less pain medication after surgery.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"From neonatal and primary care to emergency medicine, kids got lower-quality care than their white peers, researchers found. Disparities include longer waits and less pain medication after surgery.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Kids of color get worse health care across the board in the U.S., research finds","datePublished":"2024-01-19T01:00:28.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-19T01:00:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"ER Productions Limited","nprByline":"Maria Godoy","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1225270442","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1225270442&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/01/18/1225270442/health-inequities-pediatrics-kids-of-color-disparities?ft=nprml&f=1225270442","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 18 Jan 2024 17:22:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 18 Jan 2024 13:04:46 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 18 Jan 2024 17:22:41 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/62994/kids-of-color-get-worse-health-care-across-the-board-in-the-u-s-research-finds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Imagine your child has broken a bone. You head to the emergency department, but the doctors won’t prescribe painkillers. This scenario is one that children of color in the U.S. are more likely to face than their white peers, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(23)00251-1/fulltext\">new findings\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers reviewed dozens of recent studies looking at the quality of care children receive across a wide spectrum of pediatric specialties. The inequities are widespread, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/faculty-profiles/az/profile.html?xid=39078\">Nia Heard-Garris\u003c/a>, a researcher at Northwestern University and a pediatrician at Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, who oversaw the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No matter where you look, there are disparities in care for Black Americans, Hispanic, Latinx, Asian Americans — pretty much every racial and ethnic group that’s not white,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heard-Garris says there are lots of examples of inequalities across specialties. The review found children of color are less likely to get diagnostic imaging and more likely to experience complications during and after some surgical procedures. They face longer wait times for care at the emergency room, and they are less likely to get diagnosed and treated for a developmental disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strongest disparity evidence was found in pain management. Kids of color are less likely than their white peers to get painkillers for a broken arm or leg, for appendicitis or for migraines. “Those are some really severe examples of how this plays out,” says\u003ca href=\"https://chicago.medicine.uic.edu/directory/name/monique-jindal/\"> Dr. Monique Jindal\u003c/a>, an assistant professor at the University of Illinois Chicago and one of the authors of the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers looked only at studies that included children who had health insurance, “so we cannot blame the lack of insurance for causing these disparities,” Heard-Garris says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compiling evidence of health inequities from across a wide array of pediatric specialties was a “tremendous” undertaking, says \u003ca href=\"https://research.childrensnational.org/people/monika-goyal\">Dr. Monika Goyal\u003c/a>, associate chief of emergency medicine at Children’s National Hospital in Washington, D.C., who was not involved in the research review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have really done an amazing job in painstakingly pulling together the data that really highlights the widespread pervasiveness of inequities in care,” says Goyal, whose own research has examined disparities in pediatric care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the causes of the inequities are wide-ranging but are ultimately rooted in structural racism, including unequal access to healthy housing and economic opportunities, disparate policing of kids of color and unconscious bias among health care providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anyone who has their eyes open knows that the disparities exist. Where we’re really lacking is talking about tangible solutions,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(23)00262-6/fulltext\">Jindal\u003c/a>, who was the lead author on a companion paper that offered policy recommendations to counteract these widespread disparities in pediatric care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These solutions may ultimately require sweeping policy changes, Jindal says, because “we cannot have high-quality health care or equitable health care without addressing each of the policy issues with the other sectors of society,” Jindal says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sweeping policy changes could take a long time, and some, like instituting universal health care, have proved politically unfeasible in the past. Some low-hanging fruit could be tackled at the state level, Jindal says, such as instituting continuous eligibility for social safety-net programs such as SNAP, Medicaid and CHIP, so that children don’t face losing insurance coverage and food assistance for administrative reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Heard-Garris says health care providers should take some immediate steps to check their own practices for biases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if you are the most progressive provider, you’re still going to have things that are blinders,” she says. Make sure you check on those, challenge them, learn more, push yourself, review your own charts, Heard-Garris advises.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was edited by Jane Greenhalgh.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Kids+of+color+get+worse+health+care+across+the+board+in+the+U.S.%2C+research+finds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/62994/kids-of-color-get-worse-health-care-across-the-board-in-the-u-s-research-finds","authors":["byline_mindshift_62994"],"categories":["mindshift_21357","mindshift_21385"],"tags":["mindshift_21425","mindshift_21455","mindshift_268","mindshift_20819"],"featImg":"mindshift_62995","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_62771":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_62771","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"62771","score":null,"sort":[1701269120000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"free-covid-tests-headed-to-nations-schools","title":"Free COVID tests headed to nation's schools","publishDate":1701269120,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Free COVID tests headed to nation’s schools | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Schools across the U.S. will soon be able to order free rapid COVID-19 tests from the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration’s initiative will make available millions of tests for school districts as they enter the winter months — a time when COVID activity is expected to peak. Already, emergency department visits and \u003ca href=\"https://biobot.io/data/\">wastewater data\u003c/a> indicate that \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#datatracker-home\">cases are climbing\u003c/a> in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools can begin ordering tests in early December, the administration said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there have been some smaller efforts to distribute rapid tests to schools, this represents the first time that 19,000 school districts will have the ability to order tests directly from a federal stockpile, says \u003ca href=\"https://aspr.hhs.gov/AboutASPR/LeadershipBiographies/Pages/Leadership-O%27Connell.aspx\">Dawn O’Connell\u003c/a>, assistant secretary for preparedness and response within the Department of Health and Human Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really would like to see these tests move into communities, especially as we hit this fall and winter season,” says O’Connell, who leads the Administration for Strategic Response and Preparedness, a division of HHS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many schools have relaxed their COVID policies and how they handle testing for the virus since the height of the pandemic, but O’Connell says there still appears to be plenty of demand for testing in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are optimistic that the school districts across the country will take advantage of these free tests and put them to use,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>No restrictions on how schools use the tests\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Schools will have the freedom to use the tests however they see fit. O’Connell says they’ll “encourage” school districts to share them with students, staff, family members and others in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can imagine a situation where a student in one of the classes has COVID and a teacher sends everybody home with a COVID test in their backpack,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative reflects the federal government’s effort to expand testing in community settings, even as some polling suggests the public is less apt to test and take precautions around the virus. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/dashboard/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-dashboard/#masks\">recent survey\u003c/a> by the nonprofit KFF found half of adults aren’t taking any precautions against COVID this fall and winter. Among those who are only 18% said they are taking a COVID test before visiting with family or friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, about 4 million free tests are being distributed to long-term care facilities, food banks and community health centers. The federal government also announced that each household in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.covid.gov/tests\">can order\u003c/a> an additional four free at-home tests on top of the four made available earlier this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>We don’t want anyone’s ability to pay for the test to be an obstacle,” O’Connell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school initiative is expected to last through the winter months. The only condition on order volume will be that schools request as many tests as they can use in a given week.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Current tests still detect key variants\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even with new omicron variants in circulation, rapid antigen tests are still holding up well, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.uml.edu/research/m2d2/team/hafer-nathaniel-nate.aspx\">Nate Hafer\u003c/a>, a professor of molecular medicine at UMass Chan Medical School who has studied \u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-0385\">how rapid tests performed\u003c/a> in identifying infections with delta and omicron variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These tests are able to detect the variants that are circulating out in the world today,” says Hafer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rapid antigen tests work best when people already have symptoms. Even if someone is infected, they may test negative during the early stages of the infection, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are negative, but you have symptoms or if you’ve been exposed to somebody that you know has SARS-CoV-2, test again 48 hours later,” says Hafer. “Testing multiple times is really the best way to be most sure about whether or not that you were infected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Free+COVID+tests+headed+to+nation%27s+schools&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Starting in early December, about 19,000 school districts will have the chance to order free rapid COVID tests from the federal stockpile for their students, staff and others in the community. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1701292092,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":660},"headData":{"title":"Free COVID tests headed to nation's schools | KQED","description":"Starting in early December, about 19,000 school districts will have the chance to order free rapid COVID tests from the federal stockpile for their students, staff and others in the community.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Starting in early December, about 19,000 school districts will have the chance to order free rapid COVID tests from the federal stockpile for their students, staff and others in the community.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Free COVID tests headed to nation's schools","datePublished":"2023-11-29T14:45:20.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-29T21:08:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"nprImageCredit":"Patrick Sison","nprByline":"Will Stone","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"1215787045","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1215787045&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/11/29/1215787045/free-covid-tests-headed-to-nations-schools?ft=nprml&f=1215787045","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 29 Nov 2023 08:59:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 29 Nov 2023 08:59:45 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 29 Nov 2023 08:59:45 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/62771/free-covid-tests-headed-to-nations-schools","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Schools across the U.S. will soon be able to order free rapid COVID-19 tests from the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration’s initiative will make available millions of tests for school districts as they enter the winter months — a time when COVID activity is expected to peak. Already, emergency department visits and \u003ca href=\"https://biobot.io/data/\">wastewater data\u003c/a> indicate that \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#datatracker-home\">cases are climbing\u003c/a> in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools can begin ordering tests in early December, the administration said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there have been some smaller efforts to distribute rapid tests to schools, this represents the first time that 19,000 school districts will have the ability to order tests directly from a federal stockpile, says \u003ca href=\"https://aspr.hhs.gov/AboutASPR/LeadershipBiographies/Pages/Leadership-O%27Connell.aspx\">Dawn O’Connell\u003c/a>, assistant secretary for preparedness and response within the Department of Health and Human Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really would like to see these tests move into communities, especially as we hit this fall and winter season,” says O’Connell, who leads the Administration for Strategic Response and Preparedness, a division of HHS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many schools have relaxed their COVID policies and how they handle testing for the virus since the height of the pandemic, but O’Connell says there still appears to be plenty of demand for testing in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are optimistic that the school districts across the country will take advantage of these free tests and put them to use,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>No restrictions on how schools use the tests\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Schools will have the freedom to use the tests however they see fit. O’Connell says they’ll “encourage” school districts to share them with students, staff, family members and others in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can imagine a situation where a student in one of the classes has COVID and a teacher sends everybody home with a COVID test in their backpack,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative reflects the federal government’s effort to expand testing in community settings, even as some polling suggests the public is less apt to test and take precautions around the virus. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/dashboard/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-dashboard/#masks\">recent survey\u003c/a> by the nonprofit KFF found half of adults aren’t taking any precautions against COVID this fall and winter. Among those who are only 18% said they are taking a COVID test before visiting with family or friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, about 4 million free tests are being distributed to long-term care facilities, food banks and community health centers. The federal government also announced that each household in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.covid.gov/tests\">can order\u003c/a> an additional four free at-home tests on top of the four made available earlier this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>We don’t want anyone’s ability to pay for the test to be an obstacle,” O’Connell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school initiative is expected to last through the winter months. The only condition on order volume will be that schools request as many tests as they can use in a given week.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Current tests still detect key variants\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even with new omicron variants in circulation, rapid antigen tests are still holding up well, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.uml.edu/research/m2d2/team/hafer-nathaniel-nate.aspx\">Nate Hafer\u003c/a>, a professor of molecular medicine at UMass Chan Medical School who has studied \u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-0385\">how rapid tests performed\u003c/a> in identifying infections with delta and omicron variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These tests are able to detect the variants that are circulating out in the world today,” says Hafer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rapid antigen tests work best when people already have symptoms. Even if someone is infected, they may test negative during the early stages of the infection, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are negative, but you have symptoms or if you’ve been exposed to somebody that you know has SARS-CoV-2, test again 48 hours later,” says Hafer. “Testing multiple times is really the best way to be most sure about whether or not that you were infected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Free+COVID+tests+headed+to+nation%27s+schools&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/62771/free-covid-tests-headed-to-nations-schools","authors":["byline_mindshift_62771"],"categories":["mindshift_21345"],"tags":["mindshift_21852","mindshift_21343","mindshift_268","mindshift_21851"],"featImg":"mindshift_62772","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_62011":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_62011","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"62011","score":null,"sort":[1689674445000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"teens-want-to-know-how-to-have-better-relationships-consent-education-can-help","title":"Teens want to know how to have better relationships. Consent education can help.","publishDate":1689674445,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Teens want to know how to have better relationships. Consent education can help. | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":21847,"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Only yes means yes, take nothing more and nothing less.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Your body, your choice, consent gives everyone a voice.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rhymes like these are often used to teach and reinforce the essential definition of consent: that all parties need to fully agree to take part in an activity or behavior. While they’re catchy and memorable — a consent-related song and dance even became \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W4oKiEQph0\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a popular TikTok trend\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — these kinds of phrases don’t cover the full extent of what’s needed for kids to understand consent in today’s world. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The primary goal of consent education is to foster healthy and respectful relationships rooted in mutual understanding and effective communication. And kids want to learn these skills. Harvard Graduate School of Education’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Making Caring Common\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (MCC) surveyed over 3,000 young adults and high school students and found that young adults want more guidance about developing caring, long-lasting relationships. “We do almost nothing to prepare young people for the subtle, tender, generous, focused, disciplined, tough, wonderful work of learning how to love somebody else and learning how to be loved,” said Richard Weissbourd, the director of MCC.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, consent education sometimes faces resistance from parents and community members who worry that the topics covered are too mature. As a result, implementing consent education programs in schools can be a challenge. In Utah, for example, when state representative Carol Spackman Moss – a former English teacher – \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sltrib.com/news/2021/02/20/second-try-bill-updating/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">proposed a bill to mandate consent education\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, opposing groups claimed the legislation promoted sexual activity. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sltrib.com/news/2022/03/08/i-was-just-stunned-bill/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The bill failed.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When politicians and activists focus on the “sex” part of consent, they forget that consent can be applied to many non-sexual situations, said health educator \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54805/how-parents-can-talk-with-their-teens-about-sex-and-consent\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shafia Zaloom\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Kids are navigating complex social landscapes every day, and their brains are primed to seek social acceptance. When young people say “no” to things like vaping or cheating, they’re saying no to the social power and the meaning that that person has in their relationships, according to Zaloom. That’s hard to do.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zaloom teaches health education and consent workshops at schools and nonprofit organizations. Learning to express and respect boundaries are central to her curriculum. In a class she teaches at Urban High School in San Francisco, Zaloom emphasizes that consent is not only about getting a yes or no. The goal is to make sure people leave an experience or relationship feeling respected. “That simply means that both people feel like they were treated like they have value,” she said. Through this work, she has seen that by teaching students about consent, schools can create a lasting culture of empathy and inclusion that benefits the whole community.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Some schools are rethinking sex ed with lessons on consent\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/9lh4XkuG_1A?start=1&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>From space bubbles to role playing \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Zaloom defines consent with her students, she uses concepts that are suited to their developmental stage. Generally, she said, consent can be boiled down to the idea that your body belongs to you. “You get to choose how you touch and how you get touched,” said Zaloom. When she’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59875/the-case-for-starting-sex-ed-in-kindergarten-hula-hoops-recommended\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">teaching young kids\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Zaloom prompts them to think about their space bubbles so little ones can easily conceptualize how they interact with each other. Zaloom is sometimes asked to speak at schools where a young child has been hugging and kissing classmates on the playground without their consent. Adults in the school typically respond to the child by saying “no means no” with regard to touching other kids. While well-intended, Zaloom said this response teaches kids that the responsibility is on the recipient to object to something like a hug or a kiss. It’s more helpful, she said, to teach that people must actively seek consent before initiating such actions. And that a “yes” in one moment doesn’t mean “yes” always. “It’s an opportunity then to engage with kids around the reasons for consent and why they’re so important,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With older students, consent definitions are less concrete because consent can be applied to so many different situations. It comes into play when a student needs to borrow a calculator from a peer or when they are asking one another to be their date to prom. Older students are more interested in what consent looks like in action, said Zaloom, who finds that many teens already know the definition of consent. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her classes, Zaloom has students role play scenarios that may come up in relationships. For instance, twenty-three year old Alyssa Romo, a graduate from Urban High School,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> participated in a role play where a classmate said “I love you” when she wasn’t ready to reciprocate those feelings. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“That’s something I still struggle with,” Romo said. “I remember thinking, ‘Oh, like it’s okay to not say [you’re in love] if you don’t want to.’” By actively participating in these scenarios, students develop skills for navigating complex emotional situations in relationships. Role playing allows students to explore different perspectives, learn effective ways to express their feelings and boundaries, and practice active listening and empathy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s really important to meet kids where they are and to find things that translate all of this language and expectation into things that don’t feel so big and overwhelming,” said Zaloom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC6515570052&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>More than a “moment of legal responsibility” \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sex education is often the closest schools get to teaching about love and relationships, but sex and health education programs can fall short when they only focus on STD and pregnancy prevention. According to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://siecus.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2022-Sex-Ed-State-Law-and-Policy-Chart.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sex Ed for Social Change\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 16 states provide abstinence-only sex education. “It’s not about how to have an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/50518/how-to-teach-teens-about-love-consent-and-emotional-intelligence\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ethical, intimate relationship or sexual relationship \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">with somebody else,” said MCC’s Weissbourd. While some \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4882098/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">studies\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> highlight the effectiveness of abstinence-based education, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(17)30260-4/fulltext\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a recent analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> shows that abstinence-only programs do not reduce teen pregnancies or STD rates. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There’s so much more to think about, to take into consideration, to be attuned to, if we’re really talking about promoting healthy sexuality and relationships that are grounded in mutual respect, empathy, care and dignity,” said Zaloom. She teaches students about laws pertaining to sex and consent, but also encourages students to think of consent as a “vibe”, rather than a moment of legal responsibility, meaning that consent isn’t about just checking a box and moving on.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, she talks to students about ethical sexuality, which takes into account a person’s wellbeing. So whether it’s a casual relationship or something they’ve been building up to for a long time, both people involved should be consenting and aligned. Zaloom prompts students to think about what good sex means to them. “Because you can have a consensual sexual experience that is boring. That’s embarrassing. That’s disappointing. And not that that isn’t a part of life. It certainly is. But we want to aspire to something a little more than that,” said Zaloom. “So there’s legal, there’s ethical, and then there’s what’s good.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Moving beyond popular culture messages\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">MCC’s survey of teens and young adults indicates that if children do not receive education about love and relationships from their parents or schools, they are likely to seek information from popular culture, including movies and social media. While popular culture representations are not inherently negative, unchecked models of unhealthy relationships can influence young people’s perceptions. “In that way, images of the media are more damaging and dangerous than images of violence in the media,” said Weissbourd. Misconceptions can result in young people staying in unhealthy relationships, alcoholism, or domestic abuse, according to MCC’s survey. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To counteract the negative influence of popular entertainment, Zaloom assigns romantic comedies for students to watch and facilitates whole-class discussions about them. During these discussions, students identify and analyze both healthy and unhealthy relationship practices portrayed by the main characters. Romo, Zaloom’s former student, remembered watching the movie “Friends with Benefits,” and identifying the characters’ healthy relationship practices. “Like setting expectations for the relationship or boundaries or telling each other what they wanted,” said Romo. “It’s a silly movie, but that’s kind of a big deal.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When done well, consent education can help young people to navigate relationships, establish boundaries, and build meaningful connections. Romo, who is recently single after ending a five-year-long relationship, said she’s insistent on how people treat her because of what she learned in Zaloom’s class. “We had a lot of conversations about setting boundaries and being conscious of what you want out of a relationship and a partner and the people in your life,” said Romo. “That really stuck with me.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: A previous version of this post misspelled Shafia Zaloom’s last name. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The primary goal of consent education is to foster healthy and respectful relationships rooted in mutual understanding and effective communication.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700528838,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1572},"headData":{"title":"Teens want to know how to have better relationships. Consent education can help. | KQED","description":"The primary goal of consent education is to foster healthy and respectful relationships rooted in mutual understanding and effective communication.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"The primary goal of consent education is to foster healthy and respectful relationships rooted in mutual understanding and effective communication.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Teens want to know how to have better relationships. Consent education can help.","datePublished":"2023-07-18T10:00:45.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T01:07:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC6515570052.mp3?updated=1689638191","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/62011/teens-want-to-know-how-to-have-better-relationships-consent-education-can-help","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Only yes means yes, take nothing more and nothing less.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Your body, your choice, consent gives everyone a voice.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rhymes like these are often used to teach and reinforce the essential definition of consent: that all parties need to fully agree to take part in an activity or behavior. While they’re catchy and memorable — a consent-related song and dance even became \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W4oKiEQph0\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a popular TikTok trend\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — these kinds of phrases don’t cover the full extent of what’s needed for kids to understand consent in today’s world. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The primary goal of consent education is to foster healthy and respectful relationships rooted in mutual understanding and effective communication. And kids want to learn these skills. Harvard Graduate School of Education’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Making Caring Common\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (MCC) surveyed over 3,000 young adults and high school students and found that young adults want more guidance about developing caring, long-lasting relationships. “We do almost nothing to prepare young people for the subtle, tender, generous, focused, disciplined, tough, wonderful work of learning how to love somebody else and learning how to be loved,” said Richard Weissbourd, the director of MCC.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, consent education sometimes faces resistance from parents and community members who worry that the topics covered are too mature. As a result, implementing consent education programs in schools can be a challenge. In Utah, for example, when state representative Carol Spackman Moss – a former English teacher – \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sltrib.com/news/2021/02/20/second-try-bill-updating/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">proposed a bill to mandate consent education\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, opposing groups claimed the legislation promoted sexual activity. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sltrib.com/news/2022/03/08/i-was-just-stunned-bill/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The bill failed.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When politicians and activists focus on the “sex” part of consent, they forget that consent can be applied to many non-sexual situations, said health educator \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54805/how-parents-can-talk-with-their-teens-about-sex-and-consent\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shafia Zaloom\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Kids are navigating complex social landscapes every day, and their brains are primed to seek social acceptance. When young people say “no” to things like vaping or cheating, they’re saying no to the social power and the meaning that that person has in their relationships, according to Zaloom. That’s hard to do.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zaloom teaches health education and consent workshops at schools and nonprofit organizations. Learning to express and respect boundaries are central to her curriculum. In a class she teaches at Urban High School in San Francisco, Zaloom emphasizes that consent is not only about getting a yes or no. The goal is to make sure people leave an experience or relationship feeling respected. “That simply means that both people feel like they were treated like they have value,” she said. Through this work, she has seen that by teaching students about consent, schools can create a lasting culture of empathy and inclusion that benefits the whole community.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Some schools are rethinking sex ed with lessons on consent\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/9lh4XkuG_1A?start=1&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>From space bubbles to role playing \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Zaloom defines consent with her students, she uses concepts that are suited to their developmental stage. Generally, she said, consent can be boiled down to the idea that your body belongs to you. “You get to choose how you touch and how you get touched,” said Zaloom. When she’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59875/the-case-for-starting-sex-ed-in-kindergarten-hula-hoops-recommended\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">teaching young kids\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Zaloom prompts them to think about their space bubbles so little ones can easily conceptualize how they interact with each other. Zaloom is sometimes asked to speak at schools where a young child has been hugging and kissing classmates on the playground without their consent. Adults in the school typically respond to the child by saying “no means no” with regard to touching other kids. While well-intended, Zaloom said this response teaches kids that the responsibility is on the recipient to object to something like a hug or a kiss. It’s more helpful, she said, to teach that people must actively seek consent before initiating such actions. And that a “yes” in one moment doesn’t mean “yes” always. “It’s an opportunity then to engage with kids around the reasons for consent and why they’re so important,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With older students, consent definitions are less concrete because consent can be applied to so many different situations. It comes into play when a student needs to borrow a calculator from a peer or when they are asking one another to be their date to prom. Older students are more interested in what consent looks like in action, said Zaloom, who finds that many teens already know the definition of consent. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her classes, Zaloom has students role play scenarios that may come up in relationships. For instance, twenty-three year old Alyssa Romo, a graduate from Urban High School,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> participated in a role play where a classmate said “I love you” when she wasn’t ready to reciprocate those feelings. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“That’s something I still struggle with,” Romo said. “I remember thinking, ‘Oh, like it’s okay to not say [you’re in love] if you don’t want to.’” By actively participating in these scenarios, students develop skills for navigating complex emotional situations in relationships. Role playing allows students to explore different perspectives, learn effective ways to express their feelings and boundaries, and practice active listening and empathy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s really important to meet kids where they are and to find things that translate all of this language and expectation into things that don’t feel so big and overwhelming,” said Zaloom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC6515570052&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>More than a “moment of legal responsibility” \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sex education is often the closest schools get to teaching about love and relationships, but sex and health education programs can fall short when they only focus on STD and pregnancy prevention. According to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://siecus.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2022-Sex-Ed-State-Law-and-Policy-Chart.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sex Ed for Social Change\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 16 states provide abstinence-only sex education. “It’s not about how to have an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/50518/how-to-teach-teens-about-love-consent-and-emotional-intelligence\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ethical, intimate relationship or sexual relationship \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">with somebody else,” said MCC’s Weissbourd. While some \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4882098/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">studies\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> highlight the effectiveness of abstinence-based education, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(17)30260-4/fulltext\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a recent analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> shows that abstinence-only programs do not reduce teen pregnancies or STD rates. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There’s so much more to think about, to take into consideration, to be attuned to, if we’re really talking about promoting healthy sexuality and relationships that are grounded in mutual respect, empathy, care and dignity,” said Zaloom. She teaches students about laws pertaining to sex and consent, but also encourages students to think of consent as a “vibe”, rather than a moment of legal responsibility, meaning that consent isn’t about just checking a box and moving on.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, she talks to students about ethical sexuality, which takes into account a person’s wellbeing. So whether it’s a casual relationship or something they’ve been building up to for a long time, both people involved should be consenting and aligned. Zaloom prompts students to think about what good sex means to them. “Because you can have a consensual sexual experience that is boring. That’s embarrassing. That’s disappointing. And not that that isn’t a part of life. It certainly is. But we want to aspire to something a little more than that,” said Zaloom. “So there’s legal, there’s ethical, and then there’s what’s good.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Moving beyond popular culture messages\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">MCC’s survey of teens and young adults indicates that if children do not receive education about love and relationships from their parents or schools, they are likely to seek information from popular culture, including movies and social media. While popular culture representations are not inherently negative, unchecked models of unhealthy relationships can influence young people’s perceptions. “In that way, images of the media are more damaging and dangerous than images of violence in the media,” said Weissbourd. Misconceptions can result in young people staying in unhealthy relationships, alcoholism, or domestic abuse, according to MCC’s survey. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To counteract the negative influence of popular entertainment, Zaloom assigns romantic comedies for students to watch and facilitates whole-class discussions about them. During these discussions, students identify and analyze both healthy and unhealthy relationship practices portrayed by the main characters. Romo, Zaloom’s former student, remembered watching the movie “Friends with Benefits,” and identifying the characters’ healthy relationship practices. “Like setting expectations for the relationship or boundaries or telling each other what they wanted,” said Romo. “It’s a silly movie, but that’s kind of a big deal.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When done well, consent education can help young people to navigate relationships, establish boundaries, and build meaningful connections. Romo, who is recently single after ending a five-year-long relationship, said she’s insistent on how people treat her because of what she learned in Zaloom’s class. “We had a lot of conversations about setting boundaries and being conscious of what you want out of a relationship and a partner and the people in your life,” said Romo. “That really stuck with me.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: A previous version of this post misspelled Shafia Zaloom’s last name. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/62011/teens-want-to-know-how-to-have-better-relationships-consent-education-can-help","authors":["11721"],"programs":["mindshift_21847"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_21512","mindshift_21504","mindshift_21280","mindshift_21130","mindshift_21848","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_21250","mindshift_21036","mindshift_21231","mindshift_21268","mindshift_268","mindshift_21067","mindshift_21213","mindshift_944","mindshift_20963","mindshift_943","mindshift_30"],"featImg":"mindshift_62012","label":"mindshift_21847"},"mindshift_58776":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_58776","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"58776","score":null,"sort":[1637306242000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"pandemic-or-no-kids-are-still-getting-and-spreading-head-lice","title":"Pandemic or no, kids are still getting — and spreading — head lice","publishDate":1637306242,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>The Marker family opened their door on a recent evening in Parker, Colo., to a woman dressed in purple with a military attitude to cleanliness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Holmes, who has worked as a technician with LiceDoctors for five years, came straight from her day job at a hospital after she got the call from a dispatcher that the Marker family needed her ASAP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to those in the world of professional nitpicking, \u003cem>Pediculus humanus capitis, \u003c/em>the much-despised head louse, has returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's definitely back,\" said Kelli Boswell, owner of Lice & Easy, a boutique where people in the Denver area can get deloused, a process that can range from minutes to hours depending on the method and the infestation. \"It's a sign that things are coming back to normal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colds and more serious bugs like respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, are also back. That may leave some to wonder: With all the COVID-19 prevention measures in place, how are kids sharing these things?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the coronavirus, all these bugs depend on human sociability. Unfortunately, the measures that many reopened schools have taken to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 — masks, hand-washing, vaccination — do little to deter the spread of the head louse. However, physical distancing, such as spacing desks 3 feet apart, should be helping, if it's actually happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lice are, in theory, harder to spread than the SARS-CoV-2 virus because proximity alone isn't enough: They usually need head-to-head contact. If a kid gets lice, odds are it means that kid spent some quality time close enough to another kid for the parasite to make its move. (Researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/183660\">tend to agree\u003c/a> that transmission via inanimate objects like combs and hats is minimal.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It's the couch potato of pests\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The head louse is not known for its fortitude or athletic prowess. It's basically the couch potato of pests. Adults can't survive more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.dshs.texas.gov/region1/documents/Epi/Head-Lice-Fact-Sheet.pdf\">a day or two\u003c/a> without snacking on blood. Their eggs can't hatch without the warmth of a human head, and will die within about a week if not in those cozy conditions. The bugs can't jump or fly — only crawl. The one thing going for the head louse is its highly specialized claws, evolved to grasp human hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1100px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2021/11/17/lice1_custom-115c7046b5a5c4fa1c6b8925ef8333771c2a358f-s1100-c50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1100\" height=\"1120\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professional delouser Linda Holmes' tools of choice for nitpicking her customers' heads are extra-virgin olive oil and a set of fine-toothed combs. Other methods involve tools that run the gamut from special gels to devices that heat the head at a temperature thought to kill louse eggs. Rae Ellen Bichell/KHN\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike the \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/an-ickier-outbreak-trench-fever-spread-by-lice-is-found-in-denver/\">body louse\u003c/a>, the head louse isn't known to spread disease. An infestation doesn't indicate anything about a person's hygiene. (In fact, the lore of delousers says that the bugs prefer clean hair because it's more grabbable.) And despite common misconceptions, they can colonize people of all ages, races and ethnicities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID-19 lockdowns were not great from a louse-world-domination standpoint. But the critters have been bonding with us \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(03)00507-4\">for tens of thousands of years\u003c/a>. A little lockdown wasn't going to end the romance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federico Galassi, a researcher with Argentina's Pest and Insecticide Research Center, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7787699/\">found that\u003c/a> strict, early COVID-19 lockdowns did, indeed, lead to a decline in head lice among kids in Buenos Aires, but the bugs came nowhere close to being eliminated. His study found prevalence dropped from about 70% to about 44%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And one thing is clear: When people shut their doors and hunkered down in early lockdowns, the lice were right there hunkered down with us. When SaLeah Snelling reopened the doors of her Lice Clinics of America salon in Boise, Idaho, in May, she said, \"the cases of head lice were heavier than we've ever seen.\" And it wasn't just one or two people in the household with lice, but the entire household.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where the lice are\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Now, Galassi and American louse workers say, infestation rates are back to pre-lockdown norms, despite school COVID-19 protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nix, a brand of anti-louse products, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nixlice.com/lice-tracker\">publishes\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nixlice.com/lice-tracker\"> a map\u003c/a> that claims lice are bad right now in Houston, most of Alabama and New Mexico, plus Tulsa, Okla. The map directs people to locations that carry its products since many parents use a DIY approach once they spy the critter on a child's head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58779\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58779\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/lice5-444c86d45c28553e8aa819ed9bc142beb4fa5d79-scaled-e1637346135968.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paris Marker washes olive oil out of her daughter's hair after LiceDoctors technician Linda Holmes finished combing through it, looking for lice and nits — the eggs of the parasitic insects. The Markers paid more than $200 for Holmes to check and delouse everyone in the four-person household in Parker, Colorado. \u003ccite>(Rae Ellen Bichell/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Richard Pollack, chief scientific officer with pro-bono pest-identification service \u003ca href=\"https://identify.us.com/\">IdentifyUS\u003c/a>, said most claims about louse prevalence are \"marketing nonsense\" from a largely unregulated industry focused on apparent infestations that often turn out to be just dandruff, glitter, hair spray, grass-dwelling \u003ca href=\"https://extension.umn.edu/nuisance-insects/springtails\">springtail insects\u003c/a>, innocuous fungus or even cookie crumbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's possible that the recent increase in business for professional nitpickery suggests that people are now comfortable seeking help outside the home rather than it being a sign of a surge in the bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While little research exists to confirm whether there is a real rise in lice, Boswell, Pollack and even the National Association of School Nurses agree that the bugs \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25929113/\">aren't likely spreading in the classroom\u003c/a> because in-school louse transmission is considered rare. Instead, Boswell said, it's more likely that as other activities resumed — sleepovers, play dates, summer camp, family gatherings — the bugs prospered once more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollack once wrote in a presentation slide, \"Head lice indicate that the child has friends.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preschoolers tend to get the infestations the most \"because they're more cuddly,\" said Julia Wilson, co-owner of Rocky Mountain Lice Removal in Lafayette, Colo. But she has also noticed a rise among teenagers, which she ascribes to them taking selfies with pals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You say to them, 'Have you touched heads?' and the teenager's like 'No, never,'\" said Wilson. \"And then all of a sudden, they're literally taking a selfie photo with their friends.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marker family isn't sure where third-grader Huntley's lice originated. Perhaps a close friend or her dance team? The Markers spent more than $200 to get the four-person household checked — eyebrows and Dad's beard included. Her dad and her preschool-age brother were free of nits. But Holmes did find a couple of nits on Huntley's mom, Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can just burn my whole head right now,\" said Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After combing each head carefully, Holmes ended the session by hugging her customers goodbye, proof that she trusts her work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/about-us\">\u003cem>KHN\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> (Kaiser Health News) is an editorially independent program of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/about-us/\">\u003cem>KFF\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> (Kaiser Family Foundation). \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pandemic+or+no%2C+kids+are+still+getting+%E2%80%94+and+spreading+%E2%80%94+head+lice&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"With kids back in school, business is picking back up for professional delousers. But how are kids getting head lice if they're physically distancing in the classroom? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1637346203,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1170},"headData":{"title":"Pandemic or no, kids are still getting — and spreading — head lice - MindShift","description":"With kids back in school, business is picking back up for professional delousers. But how are kids getting head lice if they're physically distancing in the classroom? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Pandemic or no, kids are still getting — and spreading — head lice","datePublished":"2021-11-19T07:17:22.000Z","dateModified":"2021-11-19T18:23:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"58776 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=58776","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2021/11/18/pandemic-or-no-kids-are-still-getting-and-spreading-head-lice/","disqusTitle":"Pandemic or no, kids are still getting — and spreading — head lice","nprByline":"Rae Ellen Bichell","nprImageAgency":"Rae Ellen Bichell/KHN","nprStoryId":"1056737280","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1056737280&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/11/18/1056737280/pandemic-or-no-kids-are-still-getting-and-spreading-head-lice?ft=nprml&f=1056737280","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 18 Nov 2021 12:58:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 18 Nov 2021 05:00:22 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 18 Nov 2021 12:58:42 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/mindshift/58776/pandemic-or-no-kids-are-still-getting-and-spreading-head-lice","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Marker family opened their door on a recent evening in Parker, Colo., to a woman dressed in purple with a military attitude to cleanliness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Holmes, who has worked as a technician with LiceDoctors for five years, came straight from her day job at a hospital after she got the call from a dispatcher that the Marker family needed her ASAP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to those in the world of professional nitpicking, \u003cem>Pediculus humanus capitis, \u003c/em>the much-despised head louse, has returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's definitely back,\" said Kelli Boswell, owner of Lice & Easy, a boutique where people in the Denver area can get deloused, a process that can range from minutes to hours depending on the method and the infestation. \"It's a sign that things are coming back to normal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colds and more serious bugs like respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, are also back. That may leave some to wonder: With all the COVID-19 prevention measures in place, how are kids sharing these things?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the coronavirus, all these bugs depend on human sociability. Unfortunately, the measures that many reopened schools have taken to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 — masks, hand-washing, vaccination — do little to deter the spread of the head louse. However, physical distancing, such as spacing desks 3 feet apart, should be helping, if it's actually happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lice are, in theory, harder to spread than the SARS-CoV-2 virus because proximity alone isn't enough: They usually need head-to-head contact. If a kid gets lice, odds are it means that kid spent some quality time close enough to another kid for the parasite to make its move. (Researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/183660\">tend to agree\u003c/a> that transmission via inanimate objects like combs and hats is minimal.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It's the couch potato of pests\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The head louse is not known for its fortitude or athletic prowess. It's basically the couch potato of pests. Adults can't survive more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.dshs.texas.gov/region1/documents/Epi/Head-Lice-Fact-Sheet.pdf\">a day or two\u003c/a> without snacking on blood. Their eggs can't hatch without the warmth of a human head, and will die within about a week if not in those cozy conditions. The bugs can't jump or fly — only crawl. The one thing going for the head louse is its highly specialized claws, evolved to grasp human hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1100px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2021/11/17/lice1_custom-115c7046b5a5c4fa1c6b8925ef8333771c2a358f-s1100-c50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1100\" height=\"1120\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professional delouser Linda Holmes' tools of choice for nitpicking her customers' heads are extra-virgin olive oil and a set of fine-toothed combs. Other methods involve tools that run the gamut from special gels to devices that heat the head at a temperature thought to kill louse eggs. Rae Ellen Bichell/KHN\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike the \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/an-ickier-outbreak-trench-fever-spread-by-lice-is-found-in-denver/\">body louse\u003c/a>, the head louse isn't known to spread disease. An infestation doesn't indicate anything about a person's hygiene. (In fact, the lore of delousers says that the bugs prefer clean hair because it's more grabbable.) And despite common misconceptions, they can colonize people of all ages, races and ethnicities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID-19 lockdowns were not great from a louse-world-domination standpoint. But the critters have been bonding with us \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(03)00507-4\">for tens of thousands of years\u003c/a>. A little lockdown wasn't going to end the romance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federico Galassi, a researcher with Argentina's Pest and Insecticide Research Center, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7787699/\">found that\u003c/a> strict, early COVID-19 lockdowns did, indeed, lead to a decline in head lice among kids in Buenos Aires, but the bugs came nowhere close to being eliminated. His study found prevalence dropped from about 70% to about 44%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And one thing is clear: When people shut their doors and hunkered down in early lockdowns, the lice were right there hunkered down with us. When SaLeah Snelling reopened the doors of her Lice Clinics of America salon in Boise, Idaho, in May, she said, \"the cases of head lice were heavier than we've ever seen.\" And it wasn't just one or two people in the household with lice, but the entire household.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where the lice are\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Now, Galassi and American louse workers say, infestation rates are back to pre-lockdown norms, despite school COVID-19 protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nix, a brand of anti-louse products, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nixlice.com/lice-tracker\">publishes\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nixlice.com/lice-tracker\"> a map\u003c/a> that claims lice are bad right now in Houston, most of Alabama and New Mexico, plus Tulsa, Okla. The map directs people to locations that carry its products since many parents use a DIY approach once they spy the critter on a child's head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58779\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58779\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/lice5-444c86d45c28553e8aa819ed9bc142beb4fa5d79-scaled-e1637346135968.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paris Marker washes olive oil out of her daughter's hair after LiceDoctors technician Linda Holmes finished combing through it, looking for lice and nits — the eggs of the parasitic insects. The Markers paid more than $200 for Holmes to check and delouse everyone in the four-person household in Parker, Colorado. \u003ccite>(Rae Ellen Bichell/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Richard Pollack, chief scientific officer with pro-bono pest-identification service \u003ca href=\"https://identify.us.com/\">IdentifyUS\u003c/a>, said most claims about louse prevalence are \"marketing nonsense\" from a largely unregulated industry focused on apparent infestations that often turn out to be just dandruff, glitter, hair spray, grass-dwelling \u003ca href=\"https://extension.umn.edu/nuisance-insects/springtails\">springtail insects\u003c/a>, innocuous fungus or even cookie crumbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's possible that the recent increase in business for professional nitpickery suggests that people are now comfortable seeking help outside the home rather than it being a sign of a surge in the bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While little research exists to confirm whether there is a real rise in lice, Boswell, Pollack and even the National Association of School Nurses agree that the bugs \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25929113/\">aren't likely spreading in the classroom\u003c/a> because in-school louse transmission is considered rare. Instead, Boswell said, it's more likely that as other activities resumed — sleepovers, play dates, summer camp, family gatherings — the bugs prospered once more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollack once wrote in a presentation slide, \"Head lice indicate that the child has friends.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preschoolers tend to get the infestations the most \"because they're more cuddly,\" said Julia Wilson, co-owner of Rocky Mountain Lice Removal in Lafayette, Colo. But she has also noticed a rise among teenagers, which she ascribes to them taking selfies with pals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You say to them, 'Have you touched heads?' and the teenager's like 'No, never,'\" said Wilson. \"And then all of a sudden, they're literally taking a selfie photo with their friends.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marker family isn't sure where third-grader Huntley's lice originated. Perhaps a close friend or her dance team? The Markers spent more than $200 to get the four-person household checked — eyebrows and Dad's beard included. Her dad and her preschool-age brother were free of nits. But Holmes did find a couple of nits on Huntley's mom, Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can just burn my whole head right now,\" said Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After combing each head carefully, Holmes ended the session by hugging her customers goodbye, proof that she trusts her work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/about-us\">\u003cem>KHN\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> (Kaiser Health News) is an editorially independent program of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/about-us/\">\u003cem>KFF\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> (Kaiser Family Foundation). \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pandemic+or+no%2C+kids+are+still+getting+%E2%80%94+and+spreading+%E2%80%94+head+lice&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/58776/pandemic-or-no-kids-are-still-getting-and-spreading-head-lice","authors":["byline_mindshift_58776"],"categories":["mindshift_1"],"tags":["mindshift_21344","mindshift_21343","mindshift_268"],"featImg":"mindshift_58777","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_58064":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_58064","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"58064","score":null,"sort":[1625037278000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"cultivating-joy-takes-work-3-ways-to-turn-happiness-into-a-habit","title":"Cultivating Joy Takes Work: 3 Ways to Turn Happiness Into a Habit","publishDate":1625037278,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Back in the fall, Michelle Shiota noticed she wasn't feeling like herself. Her mind felt trapped. \"I don't know if you've ever worn a corset, but I had this very tight, straining feeling in my mind,\" she says. \"My mind had shrunk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://psychology.asu.edu/content/michelle-shiota\">Shiota\u003c/a> is a psychologist at Arizona State University and an expert on emotions. When the COVID-19 crisis struck, she began working from home and doing one activity, over and over again, all day long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I will be honest, for the past 14 months, I have spent most of my waking hours looking at a screen, either my laptop, my phone or a TV screen,\" she says, often from the same sofa, in the same room in her San Francisco home. All that isolation — and screen time — had taken a toll on Shiota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the pandemic, many people have felt their mental health decline. The problem has hit essential workers and young adults, ages 18 to 24, the worst, the Kaiser Family Foundation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/statedata/mental-health-and-substance-use-state-fact-sheets/\">reported\u003c/a> in May. The percentage of adults with signs of anxiety or depression has grown threefold, from about 10% to 30%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although some people are starting to test the waters of public life again, planning vacations and socializing more, others may still have lingering signs of what psychologists call languishing. They may feel an emptiness or dissatisfaction in day-to-day life. Or feel like they're stuck in weariness or stagnation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, an emerging area of brain science has a new way to help lift yourself out of languishing — and bring more joy into your life. It worked for Shiota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I had to expand my consciousness,\" she says. And she did it by intentionally cultivating a particular emotion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Explore ways to cultivate well-being with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/joy-generator/#story=intro&page=0\">\u003cem>NPR's Joy Generator\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How emotions arise\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For thousands of years, there's been a common belief in Western culture about emotions — that they are hard-wired and reflexive, psychologist Lisa Feldman Barrett writes in the book \u003cem>How Emotions Are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain\u003c/em>. \"When something happens in the world ... our emotions come on fast and uncontrollable, as if somebody flipped a switch,\" she writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when researchers look at what's going on inside the brain and inside the body during specific emotional states, the theory doesn't hold up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past decade, neuroscientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5785564/\">have begun to shift \u003c/a>how they think emotions arise. Rather than being inevitable, hard-coded experiences, researchers now think emotions are malleable, and people have more influence over them than previously thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Say for example, you're walking in the woods, and you see a grizzly bear, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://www.anilseth.com/\">Anil Seth\u003c/a> at the University of Sussex. \"You recognize it's a bear,\" he says, \"and then what happens?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously researchers thought the emotion comes first. \"You see a bear and then you feel afraid,\" Seth says. \"Because you're afraid, your brain then jacks up your adrenaline levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your heart rate rises. Your breath quickens. Your pupils dilate. And blood rushes to your skeletal muscles. The old theory was that \"the fear sets in train all kinds of flight and fight responses so that you are well-prepared to run away and live another day,\" he adds. In other words, the emotion (i.e., fear) triggers the physiological responses (i.e., an adrenaline rush).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to the latest research, the human body probably works the other way around, Seth says. \"The brain registers a grizzly bear, and that perception sets in train all the physiological responses.\" You get an adrenaline rush. Your heart rate goes up. You start breathing faster. Blood rushes to your muscles. And \u003cem>then \u003c/em>the emotion comes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brain senses these physiological changes and decides which emotion to conjure up. The emotion is an interpretation of what's going on both inside the body (the adrenaline rush) and the outside of the body (the sight of the bear). \"The brain has to figure out what caused the sensory signals,\" Seth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chosen emotion not only helps the brain make sense of these signals, but it also helps the brain predict better the immediate future and how to handle the situation at hand. Which emotion would be most useful? Which emotion will help me survive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To figure that all out, Seth says, the brain uses one more piece of information — and this part is key. The brain takes into account your past experiences, your memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's return back to that encounter with the grizzly bear. If your past experiences with bears come largely through news reports of attacks and maulings, then your brain will likely interpret your bodily sensations — raised heart rate, raised blood pressure, sweaty palms — as fear. Lots of fear! And this emotion will help drive you away from the bear. \"So you can live another day,\" Seth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if your family hunts for a living? And your past encounters with a bear ended in a wonderful feast for you and your neighbors. Then your brain may interpret the adrenaline rush — the heavy breathing and raised heart rate — as excitement. This positive emotion will help drive you forward toward the bear, while all the physiological changes help you bring home dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your brain uses memories from the past in order to create the present,\" says Barrett, who also does neuroscience research. \"It's bringing knowledge from the past to make sense of the immediate future, which then becomes your present.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuroscientists call this \"the predictive brain.\" Understanding how these predictions work is \"very powerful knowledge,\" Barrett says. It means that emotions aren't hard-wired reactions to particular situations, which are out of your control (i.e., you see a bear and therefore you must feel afraid). But rather it's the opposite. \"You can, in fact, modify what you feel in very direct ways,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Emotional muscle memory\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It's not about trying to force a happier or less fearful feeling in the moment, Barrett says. But rather, it's all about planning ahead. You can stack the deck in favor of your brain, choosing positive, uplifting emotions in two major ways, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first one is a no-brainer: You can take care of your body physically. According to this new theory, the brain constructs emotions based largely on physiological signals and other sensations from your body. So by boosting your physical health, you can decrease the chance your body will send unpleasant signals to your brain and, in turn, increase the chance, your brain will construct positive emotions instead of negative ones. \"You can get more sleep. You can eat properly and exercise,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second approach to influencing your emotions may be less familiar but likely just as impactful: You can \"cultivate\" the emotions you want to have in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you know that your brain uses your past in order to make sense [of] and create the present, then you can practice cultivating [positive] emotions today so that your brain can automatically use that knowledge when it's making emotions tomorrow,\" Barrett says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By practicing particular emotions, you can \"rewire\" your brain, she says. \"Your brain grows new connections that make it easier for you to automatically cultivate these emotions in the future.\" So when you start to feel a negative emotion, such as sadness or frustration, you can more easily swap that negative feeling for a positive one, such as awe or gratitude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For example, when I am video chatting with somebody in China, I can feel irritated very easily when the connection isn't very good,\" Barrett says. \"Or I can feel awe at the fact that someone can be halfway around the world, and I can see their face and hear their voice, even if it is imperfect, and I can be grateful for that ability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this way, emotions are a bit like muscle memory. If you practice the finger patterns for a chord on the piano, a few minutes each day, eventually your fingers can play those chords with little thought. The chords become second nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same goes for emotions. To help pull out of the pandemic blues, it's time to start \"practicing\" positive emotions — and it won't take as much as learning all the chords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All you need is about five to 10 minutes, says psychologist \u003ca href=\"https://faculty.sites.uci.edu/bcampos/\">Belinda Campos\u003c/a> at the University of California, Irvine. \"Hopefully it wouldn't take people as much effort as it does to eat healthier or to exercise,\" she says. \"Positive emotions feel good. I think people will find them rewarding enough to return to them and keep doing them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say this practice is helpful to prevent or work with everyday doldrums and weariness. It isn't intended as a replacement for treatments, such as counseling and medication, for serious mood disorders or anyone going through intense or prolonged bouts of depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The antidote to isolation\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A few decades ago, scientists used to lump together all kinds of positive emotions into one concept: happiness. Since then, a group of psychologists, including Campos and Shiota, figured that there is a whole \"family tree\" of positive emotions, including pride, nurturant love, contentment, nostalgia, flow, gratitude and awe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason these emotions often make us feel good is they shift our focus away from the self — that is \"me and my problems\" — and onto others, Campos says. \"They help put the self in its balanced place, of not being absolutely the highest thing on the to-do list. They help us focus on the joys that relationships can bring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She adds, \"In this way, positive emotions are part of what helps you to put others before the self.\" And helping others often makes people feel good. \"So, for example, people report levels of higher well-being when they're giving to others, and it can feel better to be on the giving end rather than the receiving end,\" she says. \"I think that's more evidence that focusing on others can be really good for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of cultivating positive emotions is pretty simple. Choose one of these emotions and then do a specific action regularly that helps evoke it. Psychologists have devised \u003ca href=\"https://ggia.berkeley.edu/#filters=parenting\">suggestions\u003c/a> for how to get started, but it can be as simple as taking time to notice and appreciate the small things around you that uplift you. \u003cem>(Read three tips to get started at the end of this piece.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, your brain will start to use these emotions more often — and turn to negative emotions less frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for instance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/12/24/678232331/if-you-feel-thankful-write-it-down-its-good-for-your-health\">gratitude\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past year and a half, Dr. Sriram Shamasunder has been on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic. Shamasunder is a physician at the University of California, San Francisco, and he spends about half his time in low-income communities around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help bring more \"light\" into his life, Shamasunder started to keep a gratitude journal. It was part of a project for the \u003ca href=\"https://ggsc.berkeley.edu/?_ga=2.64388524.2010216342.1623123517-2094821597.1619587087\">Greater Good Science Center\u003c/a> at the University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each day, Shamasunder simply jotted down things around him for which he was grateful. \"So not necessarily spending a whole lot of time racking my mind, but just everyday occurrences that were powerful or meaningful or just simple and beautiful,\" Shamasunder \u003ca href=\"https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/podcasts/item/finding_strength_through_gratitude\">told\u003c/a> \u003cem>The Science of Happiness\u003c/em> podcast. He jotted down the doctors and nurses working on Sunday, \"the unseen hands who created a vaccine,\" \"the evening light, magical and orange and blue,\" and a tree outside that provides refuge to birds, ants and squirrels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By intentionally cultivating gratitude, for even a short period each day, Shamasunder found it easier to evoke positive feelings throughout the day. \"The act of naming the gratitudes carried into the next day and the next, where I became more aware of things in my life that I should cherish in the moment, or I need to cherish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An awe a day keeps the malaise away\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back in the fall, when Shiota, the Arizona State psychologist, felt her mind shrinking, she knew exactly which emotion she needed to cultivate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She got up off the couch, drove West from her San Francisco home and ended up at the edge of the ocean. \"I am trying to reconnect with the vast natural world, with the universe beyond my professional and personal responsibilities, and beyond this moment in time,\" Shiota \u003ca href=\"https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nyas.14588?af=R\">writes\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences\u003c/em>. \"I am searching for awe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shiota is a world expert on awe. She says the emotion is difficult to define, \"but I think that what we are dealing with is a change that happens in our mind — and in our bodies and in our feelings — when we encounter something so extraordinary that we can't explain it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That encounter can be with something grand, such as a panoramic view of a red sun dipping into the Pacific Ocean. It can be with something minuscule, such as the black spots on a ladybug. (How did they get so perfectly round?) It can be a scent, a taste or sound. \"It can be a very complex and powerful song that you've never heard before or even a scene in a TV show,\" Shiota says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever it is, the extraordinariness of the event makes you pause, for a bit, Shiota says, and try to figure it out. How does a rose smell like a lemon? Why does a perfectly ripened peach taste so good? \"We simply slow down our body, slow down,\" Shiota says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this pause calms your body. \"I've found evidence that the activation of our fight-flight sympathetic nervous system dials back a little bit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feeling of awe also widens your perspective, she says — which Shiota desperately needed after spending so much time looking at screens. \"I had to consciously force myself to look further away. I had to let my senses — my sight, my sound, take in a broader scope of what was going on around me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to going to the beach, Shiota also simply walked around her neighborhood, looking for unexpected and inspiring things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was this amazingly elaborate, chalk drawing in recognition of somebody's birthday. There was a couple, in which one person was clearly helping the other learn to roller-skate on the San Francisco hills. And they're clinging on to each other for dear life,\" she says with a chuckle. \"Then the flowers! If you look closely at flowers, in a way that you never take the time to do, you'll see how incredibly intricate they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So the opportunities for awe are there,\" she says. \"Look for what moves you, what pushes your sense of boundaries of what is out there in the world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took a little time — and patience — Shiota says, but eventually these \"awe walks\" helped her recover from her pandemic funk. Practicing awe released her mind from that constraining \"corset.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Then my mind was able to spread out and take up the space that it needs to take to feel OK,\" she says. And once her mind released, her body followed. \"When you take off the corset, your whole body goes, 'Oh, oh! That's much better.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Three ways to practice happiness\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Psychologists say you can improve your well-being if you recognize moments of positive feelings, value them and seek them out more often. Below, find a few other ideas for cultivating positive emotions and turning happiness into a habit. To explore more ideas, check out \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/joy-generator/#story=intro&page=0\">NPR's Joy Generator\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1) Share some appreciation:\u003c/strong> Campos recommends this simple practice. Get together with some friends and write out on cards three things that you're grateful for in the other person. Then share the cards with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're using this task right now in my laboratory, and it seems to be very evocative of positive emotion,\" she says. And though the data is preliminary, she says, \"what we see so far is that people enjoy writing what they appreciate in others, and they enjoy sharing it with the other person. It seems to be affirming bonds.\" Sometimes it even ends in hugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2) Take an awe walk:\u003c/strong> Take a five-minute walk outside each day where you intentionally shift your thoughts outward. Turn off your cellphone or even better don't bring it with you. \"Focus your attention on small details of the world around you,\" psychologist Piercarlo Valdesolo at Claremont McKenna College suggests. Look for things that are unexpected, hard to explain and delightful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, take a moment and find a crack in the sidewalk, where a weed is poking out, Barrett says. And let yourself feel awe at the power of nature. \"Practice that feeling over and over again,\" she says. \"Practice feeling awe at colorful clouds, an intricate pattern on a flower or the sight of a full moon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3) Listen to a calm concert: \u003c/strong>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/118/14/e2013097118#ref-33\">meta-analysis\u003c/a> from the University of Michigan found that sounds of nature, including birdsongs and water sounds, lower stress, promote calmness and improve mood. Find a bench in your neighborhood under a tree or near water. Sit down, close your eyes and consciously listen to the natural sounds around you. Listen for birdsongs, rustling wind or trickling water. Try sitting for at least five minutes whenever you get a chance. Allow and enjoy calm to wash over you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Stuck+In+A+Rut%3F+Sometimes+Joy+Takes+A+Little+Practice&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If you've been feeling blah recently, you're not alone. The good news is you can retrain your brain to feel happier. Here's how to shift your mood and restore your well-being. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1625037278,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":62,"wordCount":2942},"headData":{"title":"Cultivating Joy Takes Work: 3 Ways to Turn Happiness Into a Habit - MindShift","description":"If you've been feeling blah recently, you're not alone. The good news is you can retrain your brain to feel happier. Here's how to shift your mood and restore your well-being.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Cultivating Joy Takes Work: 3 Ways to Turn Happiness Into a Habit","datePublished":"2021-06-30T07:14:38.000Z","dateModified":"2021-06-30T07:14:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"58064 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=58064","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2021/06/30/cultivating-joy-takes-work-3-ways-to-turn-happiness-into-a-habit/","disqusTitle":"Cultivating Joy Takes Work: 3 Ways to Turn Happiness Into a Habit","nprByline":"Michaeleen Doucleff","nprImageAgency":"Meredith Rizzo/NPR","nprStoryId":"1010319240","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1010319240&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/06/29/1010319240/stuck-in-a-rut-sometimes-joy-takes-a-little-practice?ft=nprml&f=1010319240","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 29 Jun 2021 18:00:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 29 Jun 2021 05:00:55 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 29 Jun 2021 18:00:22 -0400","path":"/mindshift/58064/cultivating-joy-takes-work-3-ways-to-turn-happiness-into-a-habit","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Back in the fall, Michelle Shiota noticed she wasn't feeling like herself. Her mind felt trapped. \"I don't know if you've ever worn a corset, but I had this very tight, straining feeling in my mind,\" she says. \"My mind had shrunk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://psychology.asu.edu/content/michelle-shiota\">Shiota\u003c/a> is a psychologist at Arizona State University and an expert on emotions. When the COVID-19 crisis struck, she began working from home and doing one activity, over and over again, all day long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I will be honest, for the past 14 months, I have spent most of my waking hours looking at a screen, either my laptop, my phone or a TV screen,\" she says, often from the same sofa, in the same room in her San Francisco home. All that isolation — and screen time — had taken a toll on Shiota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the pandemic, many people have felt their mental health decline. The problem has hit essential workers and young adults, ages 18 to 24, the worst, the Kaiser Family Foundation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/statedata/mental-health-and-substance-use-state-fact-sheets/\">reported\u003c/a> in May. The percentage of adults with signs of anxiety or depression has grown threefold, from about 10% to 30%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although some people are starting to test the waters of public life again, planning vacations and socializing more, others may still have lingering signs of what psychologists call languishing. They may feel an emptiness or dissatisfaction in day-to-day life. Or feel like they're stuck in weariness or stagnation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, an emerging area of brain science has a new way to help lift yourself out of languishing — and bring more joy into your life. It worked for Shiota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I had to expand my consciousness,\" she says. And she did it by intentionally cultivating a particular emotion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Explore ways to cultivate well-being with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/joy-generator/#story=intro&page=0\">\u003cem>NPR's Joy Generator\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How emotions arise\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For thousands of years, there's been a common belief in Western culture about emotions — that they are hard-wired and reflexive, psychologist Lisa Feldman Barrett writes in the book \u003cem>How Emotions Are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain\u003c/em>. \"When something happens in the world ... our emotions come on fast and uncontrollable, as if somebody flipped a switch,\" she writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when researchers look at what's going on inside the brain and inside the body during specific emotional states, the theory doesn't hold up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past decade, neuroscientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5785564/\">have begun to shift \u003c/a>how they think emotions arise. Rather than being inevitable, hard-coded experiences, researchers now think emotions are malleable, and people have more influence over them than previously thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Say for example, you're walking in the woods, and you see a grizzly bear, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://www.anilseth.com/\">Anil Seth\u003c/a> at the University of Sussex. \"You recognize it's a bear,\" he says, \"and then what happens?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously researchers thought the emotion comes first. \"You see a bear and then you feel afraid,\" Seth says. \"Because you're afraid, your brain then jacks up your adrenaline levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your heart rate rises. Your breath quickens. Your pupils dilate. And blood rushes to your skeletal muscles. The old theory was that \"the fear sets in train all kinds of flight and fight responses so that you are well-prepared to run away and live another day,\" he adds. In other words, the emotion (i.e., fear) triggers the physiological responses (i.e., an adrenaline rush).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to the latest research, the human body probably works the other way around, Seth says. \"The brain registers a grizzly bear, and that perception sets in train all the physiological responses.\" You get an adrenaline rush. Your heart rate goes up. You start breathing faster. Blood rushes to your muscles. And \u003cem>then \u003c/em>the emotion comes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brain senses these physiological changes and decides which emotion to conjure up. The emotion is an interpretation of what's going on both inside the body (the adrenaline rush) and the outside of the body (the sight of the bear). \"The brain has to figure out what caused the sensory signals,\" Seth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chosen emotion not only helps the brain make sense of these signals, but it also helps the brain predict better the immediate future and how to handle the situation at hand. Which emotion would be most useful? Which emotion will help me survive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To figure that all out, Seth says, the brain uses one more piece of information — and this part is key. The brain takes into account your past experiences, your memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's return back to that encounter with the grizzly bear. If your past experiences with bears come largely through news reports of attacks and maulings, then your brain will likely interpret your bodily sensations — raised heart rate, raised blood pressure, sweaty palms — as fear. Lots of fear! And this emotion will help drive you away from the bear. \"So you can live another day,\" Seth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if your family hunts for a living? And your past encounters with a bear ended in a wonderful feast for you and your neighbors. Then your brain may interpret the adrenaline rush — the heavy breathing and raised heart rate — as excitement. This positive emotion will help drive you forward toward the bear, while all the physiological changes help you bring home dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your brain uses memories from the past in order to create the present,\" says Barrett, who also does neuroscience research. \"It's bringing knowledge from the past to make sense of the immediate future, which then becomes your present.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuroscientists call this \"the predictive brain.\" Understanding how these predictions work is \"very powerful knowledge,\" Barrett says. It means that emotions aren't hard-wired reactions to particular situations, which are out of your control (i.e., you see a bear and therefore you must feel afraid). But rather it's the opposite. \"You can, in fact, modify what you feel in very direct ways,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Emotional muscle memory\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It's not about trying to force a happier or less fearful feeling in the moment, Barrett says. But rather, it's all about planning ahead. You can stack the deck in favor of your brain, choosing positive, uplifting emotions in two major ways, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first one is a no-brainer: You can take care of your body physically. According to this new theory, the brain constructs emotions based largely on physiological signals and other sensations from your body. So by boosting your physical health, you can decrease the chance your body will send unpleasant signals to your brain and, in turn, increase the chance, your brain will construct positive emotions instead of negative ones. \"You can get more sleep. You can eat properly and exercise,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second approach to influencing your emotions may be less familiar but likely just as impactful: You can \"cultivate\" the emotions you want to have in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you know that your brain uses your past in order to make sense [of] and create the present, then you can practice cultivating [positive] emotions today so that your brain can automatically use that knowledge when it's making emotions tomorrow,\" Barrett says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By practicing particular emotions, you can \"rewire\" your brain, she says. \"Your brain grows new connections that make it easier for you to automatically cultivate these emotions in the future.\" So when you start to feel a negative emotion, such as sadness or frustration, you can more easily swap that negative feeling for a positive one, such as awe or gratitude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For example, when I am video chatting with somebody in China, I can feel irritated very easily when the connection isn't very good,\" Barrett says. \"Or I can feel awe at the fact that someone can be halfway around the world, and I can see their face and hear their voice, even if it is imperfect, and I can be grateful for that ability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this way, emotions are a bit like muscle memory. If you practice the finger patterns for a chord on the piano, a few minutes each day, eventually your fingers can play those chords with little thought. The chords become second nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same goes for emotions. To help pull out of the pandemic blues, it's time to start \"practicing\" positive emotions — and it won't take as much as learning all the chords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All you need is about five to 10 minutes, says psychologist \u003ca href=\"https://faculty.sites.uci.edu/bcampos/\">Belinda Campos\u003c/a> at the University of California, Irvine. \"Hopefully it wouldn't take people as much effort as it does to eat healthier or to exercise,\" she says. \"Positive emotions feel good. I think people will find them rewarding enough to return to them and keep doing them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say this practice is helpful to prevent or work with everyday doldrums and weariness. It isn't intended as a replacement for treatments, such as counseling and medication, for serious mood disorders or anyone going through intense or prolonged bouts of depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The antidote to isolation\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A few decades ago, scientists used to lump together all kinds of positive emotions into one concept: happiness. Since then, a group of psychologists, including Campos and Shiota, figured that there is a whole \"family tree\" of positive emotions, including pride, nurturant love, contentment, nostalgia, flow, gratitude and awe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason these emotions often make us feel good is they shift our focus away from the self — that is \"me and my problems\" — and onto others, Campos says. \"They help put the self in its balanced place, of not being absolutely the highest thing on the to-do list. They help us focus on the joys that relationships can bring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She adds, \"In this way, positive emotions are part of what helps you to put others before the self.\" And helping others often makes people feel good. \"So, for example, people report levels of higher well-being when they're giving to others, and it can feel better to be on the giving end rather than the receiving end,\" she says. \"I think that's more evidence that focusing on others can be really good for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of cultivating positive emotions is pretty simple. Choose one of these emotions and then do a specific action regularly that helps evoke it. Psychologists have devised \u003ca href=\"https://ggia.berkeley.edu/#filters=parenting\">suggestions\u003c/a> for how to get started, but it can be as simple as taking time to notice and appreciate the small things around you that uplift you. \u003cem>(Read three tips to get started at the end of this piece.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, your brain will start to use these emotions more often — and turn to negative emotions less frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for instance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/12/24/678232331/if-you-feel-thankful-write-it-down-its-good-for-your-health\">gratitude\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past year and a half, Dr. Sriram Shamasunder has been on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic. Shamasunder is a physician at the University of California, San Francisco, and he spends about half his time in low-income communities around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help bring more \"light\" into his life, Shamasunder started to keep a gratitude journal. It was part of a project for the \u003ca href=\"https://ggsc.berkeley.edu/?_ga=2.64388524.2010216342.1623123517-2094821597.1619587087\">Greater Good Science Center\u003c/a> at the University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each day, Shamasunder simply jotted down things around him for which he was grateful. \"So not necessarily spending a whole lot of time racking my mind, but just everyday occurrences that were powerful or meaningful or just simple and beautiful,\" Shamasunder \u003ca href=\"https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/podcasts/item/finding_strength_through_gratitude\">told\u003c/a> \u003cem>The Science of Happiness\u003c/em> podcast. He jotted down the doctors and nurses working on Sunday, \"the unseen hands who created a vaccine,\" \"the evening light, magical and orange and blue,\" and a tree outside that provides refuge to birds, ants and squirrels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By intentionally cultivating gratitude, for even a short period each day, Shamasunder found it easier to evoke positive feelings throughout the day. \"The act of naming the gratitudes carried into the next day and the next, where I became more aware of things in my life that I should cherish in the moment, or I need to cherish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An awe a day keeps the malaise away\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back in the fall, when Shiota, the Arizona State psychologist, felt her mind shrinking, she knew exactly which emotion she needed to cultivate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She got up off the couch, drove West from her San Francisco home and ended up at the edge of the ocean. \"I am trying to reconnect with the vast natural world, with the universe beyond my professional and personal responsibilities, and beyond this moment in time,\" Shiota \u003ca href=\"https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nyas.14588?af=R\">writes\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences\u003c/em>. \"I am searching for awe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shiota is a world expert on awe. She says the emotion is difficult to define, \"but I think that what we are dealing with is a change that happens in our mind — and in our bodies and in our feelings — when we encounter something so extraordinary that we can't explain it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That encounter can be with something grand, such as a panoramic view of a red sun dipping into the Pacific Ocean. It can be with something minuscule, such as the black spots on a ladybug. (How did they get so perfectly round?) It can be a scent, a taste or sound. \"It can be a very complex and powerful song that you've never heard before or even a scene in a TV show,\" Shiota says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever it is, the extraordinariness of the event makes you pause, for a bit, Shiota says, and try to figure it out. How does a rose smell like a lemon? Why does a perfectly ripened peach taste so good? \"We simply slow down our body, slow down,\" Shiota says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this pause calms your body. \"I've found evidence that the activation of our fight-flight sympathetic nervous system dials back a little bit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feeling of awe also widens your perspective, she says — which Shiota desperately needed after spending so much time looking at screens. \"I had to consciously force myself to look further away. I had to let my senses — my sight, my sound, take in a broader scope of what was going on around me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to going to the beach, Shiota also simply walked around her neighborhood, looking for unexpected and inspiring things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was this amazingly elaborate, chalk drawing in recognition of somebody's birthday. There was a couple, in which one person was clearly helping the other learn to roller-skate on the San Francisco hills. And they're clinging on to each other for dear life,\" she says with a chuckle. \"Then the flowers! If you look closely at flowers, in a way that you never take the time to do, you'll see how incredibly intricate they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So the opportunities for awe are there,\" she says. \"Look for what moves you, what pushes your sense of boundaries of what is out there in the world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took a little time — and patience — Shiota says, but eventually these \"awe walks\" helped her recover from her pandemic funk. Practicing awe released her mind from that constraining \"corset.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Then my mind was able to spread out and take up the space that it needs to take to feel OK,\" she says. And once her mind released, her body followed. \"When you take off the corset, your whole body goes, 'Oh, oh! That's much better.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Three ways to practice happiness\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Psychologists say you can improve your well-being if you recognize moments of positive feelings, value them and seek them out more often. Below, find a few other ideas for cultivating positive emotions and turning happiness into a habit. To explore more ideas, check out \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/joy-generator/#story=intro&page=0\">NPR's Joy Generator\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1) Share some appreciation:\u003c/strong> Campos recommends this simple practice. Get together with some friends and write out on cards three things that you're grateful for in the other person. Then share the cards with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're using this task right now in my laboratory, and it seems to be very evocative of positive emotion,\" she says. And though the data is preliminary, she says, \"what we see so far is that people enjoy writing what they appreciate in others, and they enjoy sharing it with the other person. It seems to be affirming bonds.\" Sometimes it even ends in hugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2) Take an awe walk:\u003c/strong> Take a five-minute walk outside each day where you intentionally shift your thoughts outward. Turn off your cellphone or even better don't bring it with you. \"Focus your attention on small details of the world around you,\" psychologist Piercarlo Valdesolo at Claremont McKenna College suggests. Look for things that are unexpected, hard to explain and delightful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, take a moment and find a crack in the sidewalk, where a weed is poking out, Barrett says. And let yourself feel awe at the power of nature. \"Practice that feeling over and over again,\" she says. \"Practice feeling awe at colorful clouds, an intricate pattern on a flower or the sight of a full moon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3) Listen to a calm concert: \u003c/strong>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/118/14/e2013097118#ref-33\">meta-analysis\u003c/a> from the University of Michigan found that sounds of nature, including birdsongs and water sounds, lower stress, promote calmness and improve mood. Find a bench in your neighborhood under a tree or near water. Sit down, close your eyes and consciously listen to the natural sounds around you. Listen for birdsongs, rustling wind or trickling water. Try sitting for at least five minutes whenever you get a chance. Allow and enjoy calm to wash over you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Stuck+In+A+Rut%3F+Sometimes+Joy+Takes+A+Little+Practice&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/58064/cultivating-joy-takes-work-3-ways-to-turn-happiness-into-a-habit","authors":["byline_mindshift_58064"],"categories":["mindshift_21280"],"tags":["mindshift_21157","mindshift_268","mindshift_21324","mindshift_20865","mindshift_943"],"featImg":"mindshift_58065","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_58020":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_58020","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"58020","score":null,"sort":[1624000583000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"5-ways-to-stop-summer-colds-from-making-the-rounds-in-your-family","title":"5 Ways To Stop Summer Colds From Making The Rounds In Your Family","publishDate":1624000583,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Perhaps the only respite pandemic closures brought to my family — which includes two kids under age 6 — was freedom from the constant misery of dripping noses, sneezes and coughs. And statistics suggest we weren't the only ones who had fewer colds last year: With daycares and in-person schools closed and widespread use of masks and hand sanitizer in most communities, cases of many \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciab311/6257582\">seasonal respiratory infections went down\u003c/a>, and flu cases \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6937a6.htm\">dropped off a cliff\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That reprieve might be ending. Social mixing has been starting up again in much of the U.S. and so have cases of garden-variety sniffles. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention just warned physicians that RSV, a unpleasant respiratory virus, is \u003ca href=\"https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/han00443.asp\">surging right now in southern states\u003c/a>. And it's not just happening in the U.S. — researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2213-2600%2820%2930502-6\">in the U.K.\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/5/21-0277_article\">Hong Kong\u003c/a> found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/Rhinovirus-Infections.aspx\">rhinovirus outbreaks\u003c/a> spiked there, too, when COVID-19 lockdowns ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My family is at the vanguard of this trend. Right after Washington D.C. lifted its mask mandate a few weeks ago, both my kids got runny noses and coughs, and as soon as they tested negative for COVID-19, my pandemic fears were replaced by a familiar dread. I had visions of sleepless, cough-filled nights, dirty tissues everywhere, and — in short order — my own miserable cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone in your house is sick, you're not only breathing in their sick air, you're touching those contaminated surfaces. You're having closer contact, you're having longer exposures,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mmg.pitt.edu/person/seema-s-lakdawala\">Seema Lakdawala\u003c/a>, a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, who studies how influenza viruses transmit between people. It can start to feel inevitable that the whole family will get sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take heart, my fellow parents-of-adorable-little-germ-machines! Lakdawala says many strategies we all picked up to fight COVID-19 can also stop the spread of many routine respiratory viruses. In fact, they may be even more effective against run-of-the-mill germs, since, unlike the viruses behind most colds, SARS-CoV2 was new to the human immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those strategies start with everyone \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/14/967431377/where-did-the-flu-go-homebound-kids-shape-a-mild-season\">keeping their children home from school\u003c/a>, camp and playdates when they're sick and keeping up with any and all \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html\">vaccinations against childhood illnesses\u003c/a>. Beyond that, specialists in infectious disease transmission I consulted offer five more tips for keeping my family and yours healthier this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip #1: Hang on to those masks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In pre-pandemic times, it might have seemed like a weird move to put on a mask during storytime with your drippy-nosed kid, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/faculty-profiles/az/profile.html?xid=17154\">Dr. Tina Tan\u003c/a> says that's her top tip. She's a professor of pediatrics at the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University and a pediatric infectious disease physician at Lurie Children's Hospital in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to influenza, a rhinovirus, or any of the other respiratory bugs constantly circulating, \"once these viruses touch your mucous membranes, whether it's your eyes, your nose or your mouth, you do have a chance of contracting it,\" says Tan. Masks help \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/04/22/840146830/adding-a-nylon-stocking-layer-could-boost-protection-from-cloth-masks-study-find\">stop infectious particles\u003c/a> and virus-filled droplets from getting into your body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You don't need a N95,\" Tan says. A light-weight surgical mask or homemade cloth mask can work as long as it has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/02/03/962197192/5-hacks-to-make-your-face-mask-more-protective\">two or more layers\u003c/a>. The mask-wearing also doesn't have to be constant. \"If you're going to be face to face with them — they're sitting in your lap, you're reading to them, you're feeding them, etc. — then I would say wear a mask,\" Tan advises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even better, if it's not too uncomfortable for your sick child, have \u003cem>them\u003c/em> wear a mask, Lakdawala says. \"If your kids are old enough to wear a mask, that would probably be the best strategy, because then you're reducing the amount of virus-laden aerosols in the environment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How long should you stay masked-up?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most respiratory viruses, \"the infectious period is probably similar to that of COVID,\" says Dr. Jennifer Shu, a pediatrician in Atlanta and medical editor of the American Academy of Pediatrics' site \u003ca href=\"https://healthychildren.org/\">HealthyChildren.org\u003c/a>. It might technically start a few days before symptoms begin and last for up to two weeks, but your sniffly kids are likely most contagious during those first runny-nosed days Shu says. \"You could have kids over [age] 2 wear a mask for the first three or four days of symptoms,\" she suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you can't bring yourself to wear a mask or put one on your child inside your own home to fight a cold, don't worry. Lakdawala has a few more ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip #2: Air it out, space it out\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When Lakdawala's 5- and 8-year-old kids get sick, \"I open the windows, I turn on the fans, I get a lot more air circulation going on in the house,\" she says — that is, weather and allergies permitting, of course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of these viruses tend to circulate more during the colder weather, so where you live is going to determine how much you can open your windows,\" Tan points out. But certainly, she says, \"the better the ventilation, the less likely the viruses are going to get transmitted from one person to another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about buying \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/09/04/908896132/coronavirus-faq-is-it-a-good-idea-to-buy-an-air-cleaner-for-my-home\">HEPA filter air purifiers,\u003c/a> or changing the filter in your heating and air conditioning system? \"I would not suggest going out to purchase extra HEPA filters just for this purpose,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.dukehealth.org/find-doctors-physicians/ibukunoluwa-c-kalu-md\">Dr. Ibukun Kalu\u003c/a>, a pediatric infectious disease physician at Duke University. For hospitals that are treating very contagious and serious pathogens like tuberculosis or SARS-CoV2, those upgrades may be important, she says. \"But for all of the other routine viruses, it's routine ventilation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalu says you might also want to think strategically about creating some social distance — when it's possible — like strategically having the parent who tends not to get as sick provide the one-on-one care for the sick kid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, you can't isolate a sick child in a room by themselves until they recover, but Lakdawala says not getting too close or for too long can help. When her kids are sick, \"I do try to just not snuggle them — keep them a little bit at a distance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip #3: Don't try to be a HAZMAT team\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There's good news on the house-cleaning front. \"Most of these viruses don't live on surfaces for very long periods of time,\" says Tan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research on exactly how long cold-causing rhinoviruses can survive on surfaces — and how likely they are to remain infectious — isn't definitive. As Dr. Donald Goldmann of Boston Children's Hospital poetically put it \u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/pidj/Fulltext/2000/10001/Transmission_of_viral_respiratory_infections_in.2.aspx\">in The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journa\u003c/a>l a couple decades ago, \"Despite many years of study, from the plains of Salisbury, to the hills of Virginia, to the collegiate environment of Madison, WI, the precise routes rhinovirus takes to inflict the misery of the common cold on a susceptible population remain controversial.\" That's still true today, doctors say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's some evidence that contaminated surfaces are not very important in the spread of colds. In one little study from the 1980s, a dozen healthy men played poker with cards and chips that \"were literally gummy\" from the secretions of eight other men who had been infected with a rhinovirus as part of the study. Even after 12 hours of poker, none of the healthy volunteers caught colds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shu's take home advice? Be methodical in your cleaning of often-touched surfaces (kitchen table, countertops and the like) with soap and water when everybody's healthy, and maybe add bleach wipes or other disinfectant when someone in your household has a cold. But don't panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tan agrees. \"Wipe down frequently-touched surfaces multiple times a day,\" she says. \"But you don't have to go crazy and, like, scour everything down with bleach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You also don't need to do a lot of extra laundry in hopes of eliminating germs on clothes, towels, dishtowels and the like — that can be exhausting and futile. Instead, just try to encourage kids who are sick to use their own towel — and do what you can to give towels a chance to dry out between uses. \"Having some common sense and doing laundry every few days — washing your towels every few days and washing your sheets every couple of weeks — is probably good enough,\" Shu says. \"You don't need to go overboard for run-of-the-mill viruses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don't fret that there are germs everywhere and you can't touch anything, says Lakdawala. \"If I touch something, \u003cem>that \u003c/em>-- in itself — is not infecting me,\" she notes. Instead, it's getting a certain amount of virus on our hands and then touching our own nose, eyes or mouth that can infect us. \"If I just go wash my hands, that risk is gone,\" Lakdawala says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also skip wearing gloves around the house. \"People think that they are safe when they're wearing the gloves — and then they touch their face with their gloves [on]\" and infect themselves, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, just make it a habit to wash your hands frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip #4: Seriously, just wash your hands\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"The same handwashing guidelines for COVID also apply for common respiratory illnesses,\" Shu says. That is: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/07/812861599/a-90-second-video-on-how-to-master-the-20-second-hand-wash\">regular soap with warm water\u003c/a>, lathered for about 20 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reason why 20 seconds is recommended is because \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/show-me-the-science-handwashing.html\">some studies show\u003c/a> that washing your hands shorter than that doesn't really get rid of germs.\" She warns that there hasn't been a whole lot of research on this, and 20 seconds is not a magic number. \"But it is thought that anywhere from 15 to 30 seconds is probably good enough to get rid of most of the germs,\" she says. (Note: No need to drive your family crazy singing the birthday song twice — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/17/814221111/my-hand-washing-song-readers-offer-lyrics-for-a-20-second-scrub\">y'all have options\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wash your hands before you eat, after you eat, after you go to the bathroom ... if you're changing your child's diaper, et cetera.,\" says Tan. \"And if you're going to use hand sanitizer, it has to be at least 60% alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your hands are probably the most important source of transmission outside of someone really coughing or sneezing in your face,\" Kalu adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip #5: Don't give up, but do keep perspective\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>So, what if your beloved child \u003cem>does \u003c/em>cough or sneeze in your face? Should you then forget all this stuff and just give in to the inevitable?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don't give up, says Lakdawala. \"Just because you got one large exposure in your mouth and in close range, it doesn't mean that that was sufficient to initiate an infection,\" she says. Whether you get sick from that germy onslaught is going to depend on a lot of things — the particular virus, whether the sneeze landed in your mouth or nose, whether you've been exposed to some version of that virus before and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One tiny positive side effect of the coronavirus pandemic for Lakdawala has been a broader public understanding of \"dose-response\" in viral transmission. \"Just because somebody breathed on you once doesn't necessarily mean that that's what's going to get you infected,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider practicing the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MackayIM/status/1319901144836026368/photo/1\">swiss cheese model\u003c/a> of transmission control, Shu says. \"Every layer of protection helps — if you find that wearing a face shield is too much, but you do everything else, you're still going to limit your exposure,\" she says. Just do what works for you and your family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=5+Ways+To+Stop+Summer+Colds+From+Making+The+Rounds+In+Your+Family&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Run-of-the-mill runny noses and coughs are back, after a break during the pandemic's height, when so many of us were circulating less and wearing masks. Here's how to keep household viruses at bay.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1624000583,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1983},"headData":{"title":"5 Ways To Stop Summer Colds From Making The Rounds In Your Family - MindShift","description":"Run-of-the-mill runny noses and coughs are back, after a break during the pandemic's height, when so many of us were circulating less and wearing masks. Here's how to keep household viruses at bay.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"5 Ways To Stop Summer Colds From Making The Rounds In Your Family","datePublished":"2021-06-18T07:16:23.000Z","dateModified":"2021-06-18T07:16:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"58020 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=58020","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2021/06/18/5-ways-to-stop-summer-colds-from-making-the-rounds-in-your-family/","disqusTitle":"5 Ways To Stop Summer Colds From Making The Rounds In Your Family","nprByline":"Selena Simmons-Duffin","nprImageAgency":"Joy Ho for NPR","nprStoryId":"1006651146","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1006651146&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/06/16/1006651146/prevent-common-cold-flu-at-home?ft=nprml&f=1006651146","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 16 Jun 2021 10:14:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 16 Jun 2021 05:00:27 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 16 Jun 2021 10:14:49 -0400","path":"/mindshift/58020/5-ways-to-stop-summer-colds-from-making-the-rounds-in-your-family","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Perhaps the only respite pandemic closures brought to my family — which includes two kids under age 6 — was freedom from the constant misery of dripping noses, sneezes and coughs. And statistics suggest we weren't the only ones who had fewer colds last year: With daycares and in-person schools closed and widespread use of masks and hand sanitizer in most communities, cases of many \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciab311/6257582\">seasonal respiratory infections went down\u003c/a>, and flu cases \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6937a6.htm\">dropped off a cliff\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That reprieve might be ending. Social mixing has been starting up again in much of the U.S. and so have cases of garden-variety sniffles. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention just warned physicians that RSV, a unpleasant respiratory virus, is \u003ca href=\"https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/han00443.asp\">surging right now in southern states\u003c/a>. And it's not just happening in the U.S. — researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2213-2600%2820%2930502-6\">in the U.K.\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/5/21-0277_article\">Hong Kong\u003c/a> found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/Rhinovirus-Infections.aspx\">rhinovirus outbreaks\u003c/a> spiked there, too, when COVID-19 lockdowns ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My family is at the vanguard of this trend. Right after Washington D.C. lifted its mask mandate a few weeks ago, both my kids got runny noses and coughs, and as soon as they tested negative for COVID-19, my pandemic fears were replaced by a familiar dread. I had visions of sleepless, cough-filled nights, dirty tissues everywhere, and — in short order — my own miserable cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone in your house is sick, you're not only breathing in their sick air, you're touching those contaminated surfaces. You're having closer contact, you're having longer exposures,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mmg.pitt.edu/person/seema-s-lakdawala\">Seema Lakdawala\u003c/a>, a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, who studies how influenza viruses transmit between people. It can start to feel inevitable that the whole family will get sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take heart, my fellow parents-of-adorable-little-germ-machines! Lakdawala says many strategies we all picked up to fight COVID-19 can also stop the spread of many routine respiratory viruses. In fact, they may be even more effective against run-of-the-mill germs, since, unlike the viruses behind most colds, SARS-CoV2 was new to the human immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those strategies start with everyone \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/14/967431377/where-did-the-flu-go-homebound-kids-shape-a-mild-season\">keeping their children home from school\u003c/a>, camp and playdates when they're sick and keeping up with any and all \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html\">vaccinations against childhood illnesses\u003c/a>. Beyond that, specialists in infectious disease transmission I consulted offer five more tips for keeping my family and yours healthier this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip #1: Hang on to those masks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In pre-pandemic times, it might have seemed like a weird move to put on a mask during storytime with your drippy-nosed kid, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/faculty-profiles/az/profile.html?xid=17154\">Dr. Tina Tan\u003c/a> says that's her top tip. She's a professor of pediatrics at the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University and a pediatric infectious disease physician at Lurie Children's Hospital in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to influenza, a rhinovirus, or any of the other respiratory bugs constantly circulating, \"once these viruses touch your mucous membranes, whether it's your eyes, your nose or your mouth, you do have a chance of contracting it,\" says Tan. Masks help \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/04/22/840146830/adding-a-nylon-stocking-layer-could-boost-protection-from-cloth-masks-study-find\">stop infectious particles\u003c/a> and virus-filled droplets from getting into your body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You don't need a N95,\" Tan says. A light-weight surgical mask or homemade cloth mask can work as long as it has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/02/03/962197192/5-hacks-to-make-your-face-mask-more-protective\">two or more layers\u003c/a>. The mask-wearing also doesn't have to be constant. \"If you're going to be face to face with them — they're sitting in your lap, you're reading to them, you're feeding them, etc. — then I would say wear a mask,\" Tan advises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even better, if it's not too uncomfortable for your sick child, have \u003cem>them\u003c/em> wear a mask, Lakdawala says. \"If your kids are old enough to wear a mask, that would probably be the best strategy, because then you're reducing the amount of virus-laden aerosols in the environment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How long should you stay masked-up?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most respiratory viruses, \"the infectious period is probably similar to that of COVID,\" says Dr. Jennifer Shu, a pediatrician in Atlanta and medical editor of the American Academy of Pediatrics' site \u003ca href=\"https://healthychildren.org/\">HealthyChildren.org\u003c/a>. It might technically start a few days before symptoms begin and last for up to two weeks, but your sniffly kids are likely most contagious during those first runny-nosed days Shu says. \"You could have kids over [age] 2 wear a mask for the first three or four days of symptoms,\" she suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you can't bring yourself to wear a mask or put one on your child inside your own home to fight a cold, don't worry. Lakdawala has a few more ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip #2: Air it out, space it out\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When Lakdawala's 5- and 8-year-old kids get sick, \"I open the windows, I turn on the fans, I get a lot more air circulation going on in the house,\" she says — that is, weather and allergies permitting, of course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of these viruses tend to circulate more during the colder weather, so where you live is going to determine how much you can open your windows,\" Tan points out. But certainly, she says, \"the better the ventilation, the less likely the viruses are going to get transmitted from one person to another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about buying \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/09/04/908896132/coronavirus-faq-is-it-a-good-idea-to-buy-an-air-cleaner-for-my-home\">HEPA filter air purifiers,\u003c/a> or changing the filter in your heating and air conditioning system? \"I would not suggest going out to purchase extra HEPA filters just for this purpose,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.dukehealth.org/find-doctors-physicians/ibukunoluwa-c-kalu-md\">Dr. Ibukun Kalu\u003c/a>, a pediatric infectious disease physician at Duke University. For hospitals that are treating very contagious and serious pathogens like tuberculosis or SARS-CoV2, those upgrades may be important, she says. \"But for all of the other routine viruses, it's routine ventilation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalu says you might also want to think strategically about creating some social distance — when it's possible — like strategically having the parent who tends not to get as sick provide the one-on-one care for the sick kid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, you can't isolate a sick child in a room by themselves until they recover, but Lakdawala says not getting too close or for too long can help. When her kids are sick, \"I do try to just not snuggle them — keep them a little bit at a distance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip #3: Don't try to be a HAZMAT team\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There's good news on the house-cleaning front. \"Most of these viruses don't live on surfaces for very long periods of time,\" says Tan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research on exactly how long cold-causing rhinoviruses can survive on surfaces — and how likely they are to remain infectious — isn't definitive. As Dr. Donald Goldmann of Boston Children's Hospital poetically put it \u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/pidj/Fulltext/2000/10001/Transmission_of_viral_respiratory_infections_in.2.aspx\">in The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journa\u003c/a>l a couple decades ago, \"Despite many years of study, from the plains of Salisbury, to the hills of Virginia, to the collegiate environment of Madison, WI, the precise routes rhinovirus takes to inflict the misery of the common cold on a susceptible population remain controversial.\" That's still true today, doctors say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's some evidence that contaminated surfaces are not very important in the spread of colds. In one little study from the 1980s, a dozen healthy men played poker with cards and chips that \"were literally gummy\" from the secretions of eight other men who had been infected with a rhinovirus as part of the study. Even after 12 hours of poker, none of the healthy volunteers caught colds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shu's take home advice? Be methodical in your cleaning of often-touched surfaces (kitchen table, countertops and the like) with soap and water when everybody's healthy, and maybe add bleach wipes or other disinfectant when someone in your household has a cold. But don't panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tan agrees. \"Wipe down frequently-touched surfaces multiple times a day,\" she says. \"But you don't have to go crazy and, like, scour everything down with bleach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You also don't need to do a lot of extra laundry in hopes of eliminating germs on clothes, towels, dishtowels and the like — that can be exhausting and futile. Instead, just try to encourage kids who are sick to use their own towel — and do what you can to give towels a chance to dry out between uses. \"Having some common sense and doing laundry every few days — washing your towels every few days and washing your sheets every couple of weeks — is probably good enough,\" Shu says. \"You don't need to go overboard for run-of-the-mill viruses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don't fret that there are germs everywhere and you can't touch anything, says Lakdawala. \"If I touch something, \u003cem>that \u003c/em>-- in itself — is not infecting me,\" she notes. Instead, it's getting a certain amount of virus on our hands and then touching our own nose, eyes or mouth that can infect us. \"If I just go wash my hands, that risk is gone,\" Lakdawala says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also skip wearing gloves around the house. \"People think that they are safe when they're wearing the gloves — and then they touch their face with their gloves [on]\" and infect themselves, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, just make it a habit to wash your hands frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip #4: Seriously, just wash your hands\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"The same handwashing guidelines for COVID also apply for common respiratory illnesses,\" Shu says. That is: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/07/812861599/a-90-second-video-on-how-to-master-the-20-second-hand-wash\">regular soap with warm water\u003c/a>, lathered for about 20 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reason why 20 seconds is recommended is because \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/show-me-the-science-handwashing.html\">some studies show\u003c/a> that washing your hands shorter than that doesn't really get rid of germs.\" She warns that there hasn't been a whole lot of research on this, and 20 seconds is not a magic number. \"But it is thought that anywhere from 15 to 30 seconds is probably good enough to get rid of most of the germs,\" she says. (Note: No need to drive your family crazy singing the birthday song twice — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/17/814221111/my-hand-washing-song-readers-offer-lyrics-for-a-20-second-scrub\">y'all have options\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wash your hands before you eat, after you eat, after you go to the bathroom ... if you're changing your child's diaper, et cetera.,\" says Tan. \"And if you're going to use hand sanitizer, it has to be at least 60% alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your hands are probably the most important source of transmission outside of someone really coughing or sneezing in your face,\" Kalu adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip #5: Don't give up, but do keep perspective\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>So, what if your beloved child \u003cem>does \u003c/em>cough or sneeze in your face? Should you then forget all this stuff and just give in to the inevitable?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don't give up, says Lakdawala. \"Just because you got one large exposure in your mouth and in close range, it doesn't mean that that was sufficient to initiate an infection,\" she says. Whether you get sick from that germy onslaught is going to depend on a lot of things — the particular virus, whether the sneeze landed in your mouth or nose, whether you've been exposed to some version of that virus before and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One tiny positive side effect of the coronavirus pandemic for Lakdawala has been a broader public understanding of \"dose-response\" in viral transmission. \"Just because somebody breathed on you once doesn't necessarily mean that that's what's going to get you infected,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider practicing the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MackayIM/status/1319901144836026368/photo/1\">swiss cheese model\u003c/a> of transmission control, Shu says. \"Every layer of protection helps — if you find that wearing a face shield is too much, but you do everything else, you're still going to limit your exposure,\" she says. Just do what works for you and your family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=5+Ways+To+Stop+Summer+Colds+From+Making+The+Rounds+In+Your+Family&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/58020/5-ways-to-stop-summer-colds-from-making-the-rounds-in-your-family","authors":["byline_mindshift_58020"],"categories":["mindshift_194"],"tags":["mindshift_21344","mindshift_21343","mindshift_268","mindshift_21359"],"featImg":"mindshift_58021","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_54621":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_54621","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"54621","score":null,"sort":[1571104639000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"high-school-vape-culture-can-be-almost-as-hard-to-shake-as-addiction-teens-say","title":"High School Vape Culture Can Be Almost As Hard To Shake As Addiction, Teens Say","publishDate":1571104639,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>When Will tried his first vape during his sophomore year, he didn't know what to expect. It was just something he had vaguely heard about at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just sort of remember using it a bunch of times, like in a row,\" he says. \"And there's this huge buzz-sensation-like head rush. And I just ... didn't really stop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will kept vaping nicotine addictively for the next year and a half. He was part of a trend. Teens' \u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/news-releases/2019/09/teen-e-cigarette-use-doubles-2017\">use of e-cigarettes has doubled since 2017\u003c/a>, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, with 1 in 4 high school seniors reporting use of a vape in the past month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's now a senior at a high school in the suburbs of Washington, D.C. (NPR is using Will's first name only so he could speak freely about his use without fear of repercussions at school or home.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will overcame his addiction to nicotine before the news broke this summer \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/10/03/766997708/cdc-intensifies-warnings-about-vaping-illness-as-cases-top-1-000\">about some cases of severe lung illness and deaths\u003c/a> linked to vaping. But he still occasionally vapes THC, the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. He says the illnesses haven't made him or his friends quit, partly because vaping is a big part of teen culture — and also because they think it won't happen to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like, for a lot of people, that's just a chance they're willing to take,\" he says. \"I don't think a lot of kids are thinking about the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last spring, \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__bethesdamagazine.com_bethesda-2Dbeat_schools_third-2Dchurchill-2Dhigh-2Dstudent-2Dsickened-2Dafter-2Dvaping-2Dat-2Dschool_&d=DwMFAg&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=QudUozOfk5JYj59lXMfG7HhQDJlDuCgW_MJ4Ojoyn1s&m=RixPnV1JWaGiNourqtX_5SCcqmmlnUVufhDd8mbxJUE&s=pGun-3BiGOu8M15BD7iTlu_yOK_eqKzqbCY1M9YbpDk&e=\">three students\u003c/a> at Winston Churchill High School in Potomac, Md., were taken via ambulance to emergency rooms in two separate incidents after vaping THC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the cases are not among those being investigated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, says Mary Anderson, spokeswoman for Montgomery County Health and Human Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the students lost consciousness, they hadn't shown any respiratory symptoms, Anderson explains, and the incidents happened before the CDC issued guidance on reporting severe lung illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brandi Heckert is principal of Churchill H.S. and says she's seen vaping explode in popularity over the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of a sudden, it went from zero to 60 — in, like, no time,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers and staff have come a long way in being able to recognize the different kinds of vapes, she says. Vapes can look like a flash drive or another digital device — so easy to conceal that students can sometimes use them in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think what's scary for us a lot of times is that, unless they have some cartridge on them or package on them, we don't know what's in there,\" Heckert says. \"And so that makes it really challenging to help them if they're in need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, she says, school officials last spring didn't know exactly what the three students treated in the ER for serious vaping-related symptoms had ingested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For teens who vape, an addiction to nicotine ramped up fast, too. Will recalls his out-of-control use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just kept doing it,\" he says. \"I remember, especially when I got home, I just kept using my own — for, like, the entire night — until I sort of felt sick in my stomach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Will and his friends got someone to buy the pods for them from a store. But eventually, Will says, he was able to buy his own nicotine pods online on eBay and other sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a while, he no longer got the head rush that made vaping satisfying in the beginning; but he still kept buying nicotine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward the end, the teen says, \"it just seemed sort of meaningless, like just buying these $20 packets of like nicotine juice. It didn't really seem like I was gaining much from it, and then over time, my lungs started to hurt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will stopped vaping last spring almost by accident. A friend had jumped into a pool with Will's Juul device, rendering it useless. He spent hours trying to fix it, but his efforts didn't work. Another Juul device to replace it would have cost him about $50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It didn't really seem like it was something that was really worth it to me. And I knew I was trying to definitely be more proactive and healthy.\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he stopped vaping — cold turkey — and felt a severe craving for three weeks straight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can see why it would be so hard for other people to stop,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will believes that for some people, including him, vaping is a phase. But others are truly addicted, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Louis Schreiber, a senior at Churchill High School, doesn't vape himself and is trying to start an anti-vaping group among his classmates. He has asthma and says he avoids the bathrooms at the high school because of vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/uploadedFiles/boe/meetings/memorandum/190828%20Dangers%20Vaping%2007-29-19-02-B%20BD.pdf\">a task force on vaping\u003c/a> in Montgomery County, and says he hopes the string of recent illnesses have served as \"a wake up call\" for some of his peers. But he agrees the national wave of lung illnesses won't stop many from vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, Schreiber says, the use of e-cigarettes \"is viewed as a cool, popular thing,\" among his peers. \"To stick out in high school for any reason, certainly, among this generation, is hard,\" he says. \"And going against this would be almost, you know, impossible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Phoebe Chambers, a junior at Churchill High, says the hospitalizations that have been in the news have scared some of her classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People who have never vaped probably don't want to try it now. But kids who are addicted — I think they are struggling,\" Chambers says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have one friend who quit because they realized how bad it was, and it was very,very hard for them,\" she says. Chambers is concerned about how vaping will affect the health of her generation. Even if a teen does try to stop using vapes, the devices are hard to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just something that's limited to one social group,\" Chambers says. \"It's not just like the group of kids who, like, are stoners. It's the athletes. It's the nerds. It's everybody. It's infiltrated every social clique, every type of person knows someone — or maybe they are that person — who is vaping.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR's reporting partnership with WAMU and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 WAMU 88.5. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://wamu.org\">WAMU 88.5\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=High+School+Vape+Culture+Can+Be+Almost+As+Hard+To+Shake+As+Addiction%2C+Teens+Say&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One in 4 high school seniors say they have vaped in the past month. And for heavy users, scary headlines about serious illness and death are no match for nicotine addiction and peer pressure.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1571349528,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1110},"headData":{"title":"High School Vape Culture Can Be Almost As Hard To Shake As Addiction, Teens Say | KQED","description":"One in 4 high school seniors say they have vaped in the past month. And for heavy users, scary headlines about serious illness and death are no match for nicotine addiction and peer pressure.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"High School Vape Culture Can Be Almost As Hard To Shake As Addiction, Teens Say","datePublished":"2019-10-15T01:57:19.000Z","dateModified":"2019-10-17T21:58:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"54621 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=54621","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2019/10/14/high-school-vape-culture-can-be-almost-as-hard-to-shake-as-addiction-teens-say/","disqusTitle":"High School Vape Culture Can Be Almost As Hard To Shake As Addiction, Teens Say","nprImageCredit":"Tony Dejak","nprByline":"Elly Yu","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"767263587","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=767263587&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/10/14/767263587/high-school-vape-culture-can-be-almost-as-hard-to-shake-as-addiction-teens-say?ft=nprml&f=767263587","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 14 Oct 2019 17:19:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 14 Oct 2019 15:54:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 14 Oct 2019 17:44:41 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2019/10/20191014_atc_high_school_vape_culture_can_be_almost_as_hard_to_shake_as_addiction_teens_say.mp3?orgId=305&topicId=1128&d=248&p=2&story=767263587&ft=nprml&f=767263587","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1770133547-12909b.m3u?orgId=305&topicId=1128&d=248&p=2&story=767263587&ft=nprml&f=767263587","audioTrackLength":249,"path":"/mindshift/54621/high-school-vape-culture-can-be-almost-as-hard-to-shake-as-addiction-teens-say","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2019/10/20191014_atc_high_school_vape_culture_can_be_almost_as_hard_to_shake_as_addiction_teens_say.mp3?orgId=305&topicId=1128&d=248&p=2&story=767263587&ft=nprml&f=767263587","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Will tried his first vape during his sophomore year, he didn't know what to expect. It was just something he had vaguely heard about at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just sort of remember using it a bunch of times, like in a row,\" he says. \"And there's this huge buzz-sensation-like head rush. And I just ... didn't really stop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will kept vaping nicotine addictively for the next year and a half. He was part of a trend. Teens' \u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/news-releases/2019/09/teen-e-cigarette-use-doubles-2017\">use of e-cigarettes has doubled since 2017\u003c/a>, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, with 1 in 4 high school seniors reporting use of a vape in the past month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's now a senior at a high school in the suburbs of Washington, D.C. (NPR is using Will's first name only so he could speak freely about his use without fear of repercussions at school or home.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will overcame his addiction to nicotine before the news broke this summer \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/10/03/766997708/cdc-intensifies-warnings-about-vaping-illness-as-cases-top-1-000\">about some cases of severe lung illness and deaths\u003c/a> linked to vaping. But he still occasionally vapes THC, the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. He says the illnesses haven't made him or his friends quit, partly because vaping is a big part of teen culture — and also because they think it won't happen to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like, for a lot of people, that's just a chance they're willing to take,\" he says. \"I don't think a lot of kids are thinking about the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last spring, \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__bethesdamagazine.com_bethesda-2Dbeat_schools_third-2Dchurchill-2Dhigh-2Dstudent-2Dsickened-2Dafter-2Dvaping-2Dat-2Dschool_&d=DwMFAg&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=QudUozOfk5JYj59lXMfG7HhQDJlDuCgW_MJ4Ojoyn1s&m=RixPnV1JWaGiNourqtX_5SCcqmmlnUVufhDd8mbxJUE&s=pGun-3BiGOu8M15BD7iTlu_yOK_eqKzqbCY1M9YbpDk&e=\">three students\u003c/a> at Winston Churchill High School in Potomac, Md., were taken via ambulance to emergency rooms in two separate incidents after vaping THC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the cases are not among those being investigated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, says Mary Anderson, spokeswoman for Montgomery County Health and Human Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the students lost consciousness, they hadn't shown any respiratory symptoms, Anderson explains, and the incidents happened before the CDC issued guidance on reporting severe lung illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brandi Heckert is principal of Churchill H.S. and says she's seen vaping explode in popularity over the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of a sudden, it went from zero to 60 — in, like, no time,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers and staff have come a long way in being able to recognize the different kinds of vapes, she says. Vapes can look like a flash drive or another digital device — so easy to conceal that students can sometimes use them in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think what's scary for us a lot of times is that, unless they have some cartridge on them or package on them, we don't know what's in there,\" Heckert says. \"And so that makes it really challenging to help them if they're in need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, she says, school officials last spring didn't know exactly what the three students treated in the ER for serious vaping-related symptoms had ingested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For teens who vape, an addiction to nicotine ramped up fast, too. Will recalls his out-of-control use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just kept doing it,\" he says. \"I remember, especially when I got home, I just kept using my own — for, like, the entire night — until I sort of felt sick in my stomach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Will and his friends got someone to buy the pods for them from a store. But eventually, Will says, he was able to buy his own nicotine pods online on eBay and other sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a while, he no longer got the head rush that made vaping satisfying in the beginning; but he still kept buying nicotine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward the end, the teen says, \"it just seemed sort of meaningless, like just buying these $20 packets of like nicotine juice. It didn't really seem like I was gaining much from it, and then over time, my lungs started to hurt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will stopped vaping last spring almost by accident. A friend had jumped into a pool with Will's Juul device, rendering it useless. He spent hours trying to fix it, but his efforts didn't work. Another Juul device to replace it would have cost him about $50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It didn't really seem like it was something that was really worth it to me. And I knew I was trying to definitely be more proactive and healthy.\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he stopped vaping — cold turkey — and felt a severe craving for three weeks straight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can see why it would be so hard for other people to stop,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will believes that for some people, including him, vaping is a phase. But others are truly addicted, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Louis Schreiber, a senior at Churchill High School, doesn't vape himself and is trying to start an anti-vaping group among his classmates. He has asthma and says he avoids the bathrooms at the high school because of vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/uploadedFiles/boe/meetings/memorandum/190828%20Dangers%20Vaping%2007-29-19-02-B%20BD.pdf\">a task force on vaping\u003c/a> in Montgomery County, and says he hopes the string of recent illnesses have served as \"a wake up call\" for some of his peers. But he agrees the national wave of lung illnesses won't stop many from vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, Schreiber says, the use of e-cigarettes \"is viewed as a cool, popular thing,\" among his peers. \"To stick out in high school for any reason, certainly, among this generation, is hard,\" he says. \"And going against this would be almost, you know, impossible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Phoebe Chambers, a junior at Churchill High, says the hospitalizations that have been in the news have scared some of her classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People who have never vaped probably don't want to try it now. But kids who are addicted — I think they are struggling,\" Chambers says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have one friend who quit because they realized how bad it was, and it was very,very hard for them,\" she says. Chambers is concerned about how vaping will affect the health of her generation. Even if a teen does try to stop using vapes, the devices are hard to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just something that's limited to one social group,\" Chambers says. \"It's not just like the group of kids who, like, are stoners. It's the athletes. It's the nerds. It's everybody. It's infiltrated every social clique, every type of person knows someone — or maybe they are that person — who is vaping.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR's reporting partnership with WAMU and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 WAMU 88.5. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://wamu.org\">WAMU 88.5\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=High+School+Vape+Culture+Can+Be+Almost+As+Hard+To+Shake+As+Addiction%2C+Teens+Say&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/54621/high-school-vape-culture-can-be-almost-as-hard-to-shake-as-addiction-teens-say","authors":["byline_mindshift_54621"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_268","mindshift_21159","mindshift_21296"],"featImg":"mindshift_54622","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_53665":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_53665","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"53665","score":null,"sort":[1557941492000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"periods-why-these-8th-graders-arent-afraid-to-talk-about-them","title":"Periods! Why These 8th-Graders Aren't Afraid To Talk About Them","publishDate":1557941492,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>In the second-floor girls' restroom at Bronx Prep Middle School in New York, there's a sign taped to the back of the toilet stall doors. It's a guide on how to \"properly dispose feminine products.\" On the list? \"Make sure that no one views or handles product.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not even saying the word pad. It just says product!\" explains Kathaleen Restitullo, 13. \"Just, like, don't let anyone see that you are on your period.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kathaleen and six of her fellow female eighth-graders decided they're tired of NOT talking about periods. So they made a podcast about it — called \u003cem>Sssh! Periods\u003c/em> — and it's the middle school grand prize winner in the first-ever NPR Student Podcast Challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/598440468\" params=\"color=#ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to shine a light on this subject because it's something that's kind of hidden away,\" says Raizel Febles, 14. \"You kind of are ashamed for having it, which sucks because it's something so natural and so normal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven girls (Raizel Febles, Kathaleen Restitullo, Kassy Abad, Caroline Abreu, Jasmin Acosta, Ashley Amankwah and Litzy Encarnacion) met every Thursday after school this spring to write, record and edit their podcast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For them, the conversation about periods flowed naturally. \"It was easy to record it,\" says Caroline Abreu, 13. \"It was like the mic wasn't even there. We were just having a conversation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They would commiserate about trying to hide a tampon in their tight jean pockets, or bleeding through their pants. (\"I'm literally the queen of bleeding out,\" says Caroline. \"It's not usually my fault; it's because I can't go to the bathroom during class.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they were making the podcast, the girls say, some of their teachers would make a face or get squirmy when they learned the topic, so the girls constantly moved to different classrooms, trying to find quiet spaces where they could talk openly without making staff members uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their middle school, nestled among apartment buildings in the South Bronx, about 2 miles from Yankee Stadium, is not the most period-friendly place, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sixty-seven percent of female students polled at Bronx Prep Middle School said that they the feel uncomfortable discussing their periods at school because it's not anybody's business,\" Jasmin Acosta says in the podcast. \"Thirty-three percent of students said periods were a dirty topic. Young girls carry this stigma into adulthood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're still in middle school at this point,\" Litzy Encarnacion says in the podcast, \"but the problem gets even larger when we take it out in the community, when it's grown women trying to support their families.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their podcast, they talk about the many code words for period and the stress of the \"pink tax\" (that's when products geared toward women are more expensive).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all of the girls were always this open about the topic. \"When I heard we were gonna talk about periods, at first I was disgusted and uncomfortable because that's just how I am,\" says Kassy Abad. \"But once we got to talk about it, and I learned that what happens to me happens to all these other girls, it made me feel more comfortable. It made me feel safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathaleen agrees. Once they got started, she says, and the more they learned about the stigma around periods, \"we just wanted to keep talking about it. It's not a state secret or anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Shehtaz Huq, who teaches sixth-grade English, suggested the girls work on a podcast for the NPR challenge, most of them had never heard of a podcast. A few assumed podcasts would be boring. After all, wasn't it just the \"people talking on the radio, trying to interrupt the good music?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But once they realized they'd get to be the ones talking — their voices and thoughts and ideas — they were hooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I got the NPR app and I started to listen to some of their podcasts,\" says Kathaleen. \"I was just like, 'Hey, I'm doing a podcast, might as well know what a podcast is!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that they've won, they say they hope their podcast sends a message to other young girls that period talk is great. And when they grow up and have kids of their own, they're hoping it won't be a big deal to say, \"I'm on my period!\" or to openly borrow a tampon or pad from a friend in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe schools will even supply girls' restrooms with free pads and tampons. That's just one of the many suggestions they have for how to make their own middle school better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's another: If the the boys learned about periods, too, it would be way less awkward. \"When we have those yearly talks about hygiene and stuff, they always separate the girls and the boys,\" Litzy explains. \"We're never informed about the opposite sex.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is all on top of the stress and confusion of just being 13- and 14-year-olds, a time the girls describe as being \"lost and insecure.\" Plus, they say, people don't ask middle-schoolers what they think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not even going to lie, though. That was my first reaction when we were doing this,\" says Litzy. \"No one's gonna listen to us because we're still young. They probably think that we don't know what we're talking about.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they won, beating out nearly 6,000 entries from all 50 states and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When their teacher gathered them in the hall and announced the big news, the girls screamed and hugged and cried. Litzy was shocked: \"I was like, 'Whoa!' So they actually do listen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Periods%21+Why+These+8th-Graders+Aren%27t+Afraid+To+Talk+About+Them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The middle school winners of the NPR Student Podcast Challenge offer their perspective on why talking about something so natural is so taboo — and why that's silly.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1557941492,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1016},"headData":{"title":"Periods! Why These 8th-Graders Aren't Afraid To Talk About Them | KQED","description":"The middle school winners of the NPR Student Podcast Challenge offer their perspective on why talking about something so natural is so taboo — and why that's silly.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Periods! Why These 8th-Graders Aren't Afraid To Talk About Them","datePublished":"2019-05-15T17:31:32.000Z","dateModified":"2019-05-15T17:31:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"53665 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=53665","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2019/05/15/periods-why-these-8th-graders-arent-afraid-to-talk-about-them/","disqusTitle":"Periods! Why These 8th-Graders Aren't Afraid To Talk About Them","nprImageCredit":"Elissa Nadworny","nprByline":"Elissa Nadworny and Clare Lombardo","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"721729850","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=721729850&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/15/721729850/periods-why-these-eighth-graders-arent-afraid-to-talk-about-them?ft=nprml&f=721729850","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 15 May 2019 10:00:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 15 May 2019 05:02:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 15 May 2019 10:30:17 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2019/05/20190515_me_periods_why_these_eighth_graders_arent_afraid_to_talk_about_them.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1013&aggIds=662609200&d=400&p=3&story=721729850&ft=nprml&f=721729850","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1723466529-db9086.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1013&aggIds=662609200&d=400&p=3&story=721729850&ft=nprml&f=721729850","audioTrackLength":400,"path":"/mindshift/53665/periods-why-these-8th-graders-arent-afraid-to-talk-about-them","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2019/05/20190515_me_periods_why_these_eighth_graders_arent_afraid_to_talk_about_them.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1013&aggIds=662609200&d=400&p=3&story=721729850&ft=nprml&f=721729850","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the second-floor girls' restroom at Bronx Prep Middle School in New York, there's a sign taped to the back of the toilet stall doors. It's a guide on how to \"properly dispose feminine products.\" On the list? \"Make sure that no one views or handles product.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not even saying the word pad. It just says product!\" explains Kathaleen Restitullo, 13. \"Just, like, don't let anyone see that you are on your period.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kathaleen and six of her fellow female eighth-graders decided they're tired of NOT talking about periods. So they made a podcast about it — called \u003cem>Sssh! Periods\u003c/em> — and it's the middle school grand prize winner in the first-ever NPR Student Podcast Challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/598440468&visual=true&color=#ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/598440468'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to shine a light on this subject because it's something that's kind of hidden away,\" says Raizel Febles, 14. \"You kind of are ashamed for having it, which sucks because it's something so natural and so normal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven girls (Raizel Febles, Kathaleen Restitullo, Kassy Abad, Caroline Abreu, Jasmin Acosta, Ashley Amankwah and Litzy Encarnacion) met every Thursday after school this spring to write, record and edit their podcast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For them, the conversation about periods flowed naturally. \"It was easy to record it,\" says Caroline Abreu, 13. \"It was like the mic wasn't even there. We were just having a conversation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They would commiserate about trying to hide a tampon in their tight jean pockets, or bleeding through their pants. (\"I'm literally the queen of bleeding out,\" says Caroline. \"It's not usually my fault; it's because I can't go to the bathroom during class.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they were making the podcast, the girls say, some of their teachers would make a face or get squirmy when they learned the topic, so the girls constantly moved to different classrooms, trying to find quiet spaces where they could talk openly without making staff members uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their middle school, nestled among apartment buildings in the South Bronx, about 2 miles from Yankee Stadium, is not the most period-friendly place, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sixty-seven percent of female students polled at Bronx Prep Middle School said that they the feel uncomfortable discussing their periods at school because it's not anybody's business,\" Jasmin Acosta says in the podcast. \"Thirty-three percent of students said periods were a dirty topic. Young girls carry this stigma into adulthood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're still in middle school at this point,\" Litzy Encarnacion says in the podcast, \"but the problem gets even larger when we take it out in the community, when it's grown women trying to support their families.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their podcast, they talk about the many code words for period and the stress of the \"pink tax\" (that's when products geared toward women are more expensive).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all of the girls were always this open about the topic. \"When I heard we were gonna talk about periods, at first I was disgusted and uncomfortable because that's just how I am,\" says Kassy Abad. \"But once we got to talk about it, and I learned that what happens to me happens to all these other girls, it made me feel more comfortable. It made me feel safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathaleen agrees. Once they got started, she says, and the more they learned about the stigma around periods, \"we just wanted to keep talking about it. It's not a state secret or anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Shehtaz Huq, who teaches sixth-grade English, suggested the girls work on a podcast for the NPR challenge, most of them had never heard of a podcast. A few assumed podcasts would be boring. After all, wasn't it just the \"people talking on the radio, trying to interrupt the good music?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But once they realized they'd get to be the ones talking — their voices and thoughts and ideas — they were hooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I got the NPR app and I started to listen to some of their podcasts,\" says Kathaleen. \"I was just like, 'Hey, I'm doing a podcast, might as well know what a podcast is!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that they've won, they say they hope their podcast sends a message to other young girls that period talk is great. And when they grow up and have kids of their own, they're hoping it won't be a big deal to say, \"I'm on my period!\" or to openly borrow a tampon or pad from a friend in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe schools will even supply girls' restrooms with free pads and tampons. That's just one of the many suggestions they have for how to make their own middle school better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's another: If the the boys learned about periods, too, it would be way less awkward. \"When we have those yearly talks about hygiene and stuff, they always separate the girls and the boys,\" Litzy explains. \"We're never informed about the opposite sex.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is all on top of the stress and confusion of just being 13- and 14-year-olds, a time the girls describe as being \"lost and insecure.\" Plus, they say, people don't ask middle-schoolers what they think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not even going to lie, though. That was my first reaction when we were doing this,\" says Litzy. \"No one's gonna listen to us because we're still young. They probably think that we don't know what we're talking about.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they won, beating out nearly 6,000 entries from all 50 states and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When their teacher gathered them in the hall and announced the big news, the girls screamed and hugged and cried. Litzy was shocked: \"I was like, 'Whoa!' So they actually do listen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Periods%21+Why+These+8th-Graders+Aren%27t+Afraid+To+Talk+About+Them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/53665/periods-why-these-8th-graders-arent-afraid-to-talk-about-them","authors":["byline_mindshift_53665"],"categories":["mindshift_192","mindshift_194"],"tags":["mindshift_21093","mindshift_268","mindshift_21265","mindshift_21159"],"featImg":"mindshift_53666","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. 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