How Empathy Is Important For Parents And Teens When Things Get Stressful
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The brain \u003ca href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-teen-brain-6-things-to-know/index.shtml\">develops rapidly\u003c/a> during the adolescent years, which partially explains why teens experience anger, sadness and frustration so intensely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During these tumultuous years, hormones surge, bodies change and adolescents must face a number of social and academic challenges, such as managing their relationships, coping with peer rejection and,-- especially this time of year — graduating from high school or preparing for college admission tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These worries can take a definitive toll on a teenager's emotional health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My daughters are dealing with friendship conflicts, school pressures and college applications. My younger daughter has so much homework that she sets her alarm at 5 a.m. to finish it before school begins,\" says Cameron Gaeren, a mother of two teen daughters in Chicago, Ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2014/02/teen-stress.aspx\">2014 survey\u003c/a> published by the American Psychological Association found that teens report feeling even more stressed than adults, and that this affects them in unhealthy ways. Approximately 30 percent of the 1,018 teens surveyed reported feeling sad, overwhelmed or depressed, and 25 percent said that they had skipped meals because of their anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Gaeren says, her kids don't often accept her help in managing their stress. Gaeren and her daughters are not alone. Though all teens need coping skills to help navigate their unique set of stressors, many adolescents either don't turn to their parents for help or refuse to accept their advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may be partly due to the way parents typically try to help their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://denverchildtherapy.com/about-us/sheryl-ziegler/\">Sheryl Gonzalez Ziegler\u003c/a>, a psychologist in Denver, Colo., explains, \"When teens are overwhelmed, parents may try to connect with their kids' feelings by drawing on their own childhood experiences. They may say things like, \"When I was fourteen, I had a job, and I still did my homework and made time for my friends. I know that you can do this, too.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They mean well when they try to connect with their teens in this comparative way, but often it prompts a communication breakdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Teenagers are looking for proof that their parents don't understand them and bringing up these examples only confirms that you're not on the same wavelength,\" Ziegler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She suggests that parents try to relate to their teen's feelings by saying things like, \"When I was your age, I had difficulty with my friends. I felt confused, and my heart was broken, too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that these disclosures remind kids that even if technology is different, human emotions are the same. Parents can bond with their kids by focusing on these similarities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When adolescents are distressed, most parents are inclined to try to \u003cem>solve \u003c/em>their problems, but often what teens really need is help developing problem-solving skills of their own. Parents don't need an entirely new set of tools to impart these lessons to their teenagers. They can adapt lessons about empathy and perspective that they taught their kids earlier in childhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's particularly important to teach adolescents how to develop a specific type of empathy called cognitive empathy, Ziegler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If empathy helps us sympathize with how another person is feeling, cognitive empathy also allows us to try to understand someone else's perspective and how they perceive the world, even when our feelings differ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 longitudinal \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140197115002857\">study\u003c/a> of 497 Dutch teens between the ages of 13 and 18, researchers found that cognitive empathy skills help teens regulate their emotions, improve their listening skills and strengthen their ability to tolerate conflict. They also found that these skills can help kids work through disagreements with their parents more constructively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research on teen stress by \u003ca href=\"https://news.utexas.edu/2016/06/20/method-helps-teens-cope-with-stress-and-get-better-grades\">David Yeager\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University of Texas at Austin, shows that cognitive empathy skills can also help adolescents to realize that people and situations can change, which allows them to face social challenges more easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ziegler says that parents can help their kids strengthen this type of empathy by talking with them about the importance of looking at both sides of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if a teen is upset because a friend didn't return a text, parents can ask, \"What do you think might be going on for her?\" or \"Remember last week when you didn't text back right away because you were studying for an exam?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because teenagers are so emotionally driven, they may be prone to react in exaggerated ways. Hence, a conflict with a teacher, a clash with a friend or an unanswered text can feel like the end of the world. By strengthening their cognitive empathy, teens can develop an emotional pause button, which reminds them that even when feelings take over, stressful circumstances are temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Juli Fraga is a psychologist and writer in San Francisco. You can find her on Twitter\u003c/em> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dr_fraga\">@dr_fraga\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27When+I+Was+Your+Age%27+And+Other+Pitfalls+Of+Talking+To+Teens+About+Stress&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Helping teenagers develop cognitive empathy, the ability to understand another person's perspective, can allow them to cope with stress better. But whether they accept help can be all in the phrasing.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1492411766,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":816},"headData":{"title":"How Empathy Is Important For Parents And Teens When Things Get Stressful | KQED","description":"Helping teenagers develop cognitive empathy, the ability to understand another person's perspective, can allow them to cope with stress better. But whether they accept help can be all in the phrasing.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Empathy Is Important For Parents And Teens When Things Get Stressful","datePublished":"2017-04-17T06:49:26.000Z","dateModified":"2017-04-17T06:49:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"48036 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=48036","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/04/16/how-empathy-is-important-for-parents-and-teens-when-things-get-stressful/","disqusTitle":"How Empathy Is Important For Parents And Teens When Things Get Stressful","nprByline":"Juli Fraga","nprStoryId":"523592625","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=523592625&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/04/16/523592625/-when-i-was-your-age-and-other-conversational-pitfalls-of-talking-to-teens?ft=nprml&f=523592625","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sun, 16 Apr 2017 10:00:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 16 Apr 2017 10:00:27 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sun, 16 Apr 2017 10:00:27 -0400","path":"/mindshift/48036/how-empathy-is-important-for-parents-and-teens-when-things-get-stressful","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's difficult to have a teenager's mind. The brain \u003ca href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-teen-brain-6-things-to-know/index.shtml\">develops rapidly\u003c/a> during the adolescent years, which partially explains why teens experience anger, sadness and frustration so intensely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During these tumultuous years, hormones surge, bodies change and adolescents must face a number of social and academic challenges, such as managing their relationships, coping with peer rejection and,-- especially this time of year — graduating from high school or preparing for college admission tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These worries can take a definitive toll on a teenager's emotional health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My daughters are dealing with friendship conflicts, school pressures and college applications. My younger daughter has so much homework that she sets her alarm at 5 a.m. to finish it before school begins,\" says Cameron Gaeren, a mother of two teen daughters in Chicago, Ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2014/02/teen-stress.aspx\">2014 survey\u003c/a> published by the American Psychological Association found that teens report feeling even more stressed than adults, and that this affects them in unhealthy ways. Approximately 30 percent of the 1,018 teens surveyed reported feeling sad, overwhelmed or depressed, and 25 percent said that they had skipped meals because of their anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Gaeren says, her kids don't often accept her help in managing their stress. Gaeren and her daughters are not alone. Though all teens need coping skills to help navigate their unique set of stressors, many adolescents either don't turn to their parents for help or refuse to accept their advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may be partly due to the way parents typically try to help their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://denverchildtherapy.com/about-us/sheryl-ziegler/\">Sheryl Gonzalez Ziegler\u003c/a>, a psychologist in Denver, Colo., explains, \"When teens are overwhelmed, parents may try to connect with their kids' feelings by drawing on their own childhood experiences. They may say things like, \"When I was fourteen, I had a job, and I still did my homework and made time for my friends. I know that you can do this, too.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They mean well when they try to connect with their teens in this comparative way, but often it prompts a communication breakdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Teenagers are looking for proof that their parents don't understand them and bringing up these examples only confirms that you're not on the same wavelength,\" Ziegler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She suggests that parents try to relate to their teen's feelings by saying things like, \"When I was your age, I had difficulty with my friends. I felt confused, and my heart was broken, too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that these disclosures remind kids that even if technology is different, human emotions are the same. Parents can bond with their kids by focusing on these similarities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When adolescents are distressed, most parents are inclined to try to \u003cem>solve \u003c/em>their problems, but often what teens really need is help developing problem-solving skills of their own. Parents don't need an entirely new set of tools to impart these lessons to their teenagers. They can adapt lessons about empathy and perspective that they taught their kids earlier in childhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's particularly important to teach adolescents how to develop a specific type of empathy called cognitive empathy, Ziegler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If empathy helps us sympathize with how another person is feeling, cognitive empathy also allows us to try to understand someone else's perspective and how they perceive the world, even when our feelings differ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 longitudinal \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140197115002857\">study\u003c/a> of 497 Dutch teens between the ages of 13 and 18, researchers found that cognitive empathy skills help teens regulate their emotions, improve their listening skills and strengthen their ability to tolerate conflict. They also found that these skills can help kids work through disagreements with their parents more constructively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research on teen stress by \u003ca href=\"https://news.utexas.edu/2016/06/20/method-helps-teens-cope-with-stress-and-get-better-grades\">David Yeager\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University of Texas at Austin, shows that cognitive empathy skills can also help adolescents to realize that people and situations can change, which allows them to face social challenges more easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ziegler says that parents can help their kids strengthen this type of empathy by talking with them about the importance of looking at both sides of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if a teen is upset because a friend didn't return a text, parents can ask, \"What do you think might be going on for her?\" or \"Remember last week when you didn't text back right away because you were studying for an exam?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because teenagers are so emotionally driven, they may be prone to react in exaggerated ways. Hence, a conflict with a teacher, a clash with a friend or an unanswered text can feel like the end of the world. By strengthening their cognitive empathy, teens can develop an emotional pause button, which reminds them that even when feelings take over, stressful circumstances are temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Juli Fraga is a psychologist and writer in San Francisco. You can find her on Twitter\u003c/em> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dr_fraga\">@dr_fraga\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27When+I+Was+Your+Age%27+And+Other+Pitfalls+Of+Talking+To+Teens+About+Stress&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/48036/how-empathy-is-important-for-parents-and-teens-when-things-get-stressful","authors":["byline_mindshift_48036"],"categories":["mindshift_20874"],"tags":["mindshift_21087","mindshift_20699","mindshift_20784","mindshift_21054","mindshift_20925","mindshift_1038"],"featImg":"mindshift_48037","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_47138":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_47138","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"47138","score":null,"sort":[1482393711000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"five-ways-design-and-making-can-help-science-education-come-alive","title":"Five Ways Design and Making Can Help Science Education Come Alive","publishDate":1482393711,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpted from \u003ca href=\"http://www.makingsciencebook.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Making Science: Reimagining STEM Education in Middle School and Beyond\u003c/a> by Christa Flores, published in 2016 by \u003ca href=\"http://cmkpress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Constructing Modern Knowledge Press\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Christa Flores\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>\"How do research and design relate to each other? (…) Both activities produce knowledge, but of different kinds. (…) So, on the one hand, design is not a science in its own right, but draws on technical and scientific insights as well as artistic skill and ability. On the other hand design, although not a science, can be the object of systematic research.\" — Christian Gänshirt, Tools for Ideas\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Design is an artistic endeavor that values the creative and human centered application of math, science and technology. Using design to help others learn science is not intuitive, however, once practiced you will see how humanistic and authentic it is to incorporate design in any subject. Below is a list of the most promising benefits that I have noticed in the past six years for using design as a framework and making as the engine to empower students as they gain and apply their scientific literacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benefit No. 1: Students learn more, love science more, and are more engaged in science content and the scientific process when designing solutions to real problems. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The creation of the artificial, whether a sling shot, calorimeter or electrical circuit, becomes a solution-finding crusade armed with scientific knowledge. When students invent, they take ownership over an idea, then face real-world problems en route to making their idea come to life. They act, think and work as real scientists and inventors. Studies show that the best predictor of STEM career choice in adulthood is linked to whether kids self-report seeing themselves as scientists when they grow up by 8th grade (Maltese & Tai, 2011). We have to trust that allowing our students to tinker, question and invent, as early as elementary and middle school, will help them to develop positive identities that encourage a lifelong love of science, math and the creative process. Making learning “hard fun” (Papert, 2002) is a real-world balancing act that happens everyday when children are designing and inventing in the classroom.\u003ca href=\"http://cmkpress.com/making-science/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-47141\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/making-science-cover-e1481832063244.png\" alt=\"making-science-cover\" width=\"250\" height=\"334\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benefit No. 2: If creative confidence, collaboration, self-reliance, resilience and communication are key to being a scientist, then teaching design and engineering in science class is more effective than content-centered or teacher-directed methods.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solving real problems provides students with opportunities to identify with problems that matter, diagnose, defend an argument with evidence, give and receive feedback, utilize and critique internet resources, compose professional emails to mentors and more. Well-designed open-ended challenges versus rigidly planned lessons allow children to do real work in a controlled environment with the help of a learning community. Ownership is given to the learner, while the teacher serves as facilitator. The design aspect turns agency over to students and they become active creators, rather than passive consumers who simply follow directions. Assessment is real time and authentic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benefit No. 3: In an age where school is becoming less relevant to students, invention and design are an engaging way to learn.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, science literacy has become available to more kinds of learners. Educational YouTubers, science storytelling shows like WNYC’s Radiolab, and television shows such as the Mythbusters illustrate the beauty and coolness of science where some traditional science classes fail. These informal educational outlets do a good job spreading science literacy to the general public in a joyful and engaging manner. Some even go so far as to reinforce what we teach in science class — that science is both fun and methodical. Adam Savage of Mythbusters is famous for saying that it’s just screwing around if you don’t write it down. Just like interacting with a well-designed museum exhibit, or setting stuff on fire in your backyard, school should be exploratory and joyful (but safe). Joy and laughter should be welcome in any classroom. Joy relieves stress and allows for healthy goal-setting in a classroom infused with potential dead ends and frustration (Bennett, et.al., 2003; Cornett 1986). Inventing is hands on, minds on, hearts on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benefit No. 4: Science is shareable, so is making an artifact.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-47142\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/Christa-flores-e1481832092824.jpg\" alt=\"christa-flores\" width=\"250\" height=\"288\">Allowing design and making in science classes results in students having conversations about their shared work and reinforces the importance of documenting the testing process because you don’t want to make the same mistake twice. Communication with peers and mentors is critical to getting over obstacles and improving designs. This mirrors real-world science, where communication is critical to getting support for your ideas. At the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science at Stony Brook University this idea is part of their mission, “The ability to communicate directly and vividly can enhance scientists’ career prospects, helping them secure funding, collaborate across disciplines, compete for positions, and serve as effective teachers” (Stony Brook University, 2015). Once artifacts are created, most students are happy to share their work with others in public showcases where their process story becomes a point of pride. Unlike taking tests or writing a lab report, sharing work as a form of assessment allows students to gain a sense of identity around STEM topics, as students see their hard work mirrored back at them through the eyes and questions of an eager and engaged audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benefit No. 5: Using design to address or engage real problems empowers students to think of themselves as having the capacity to make the world better. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to research on the impact and implication of making in education, such as that done by the aptly named Agency by Design (AbD), a project housed within Harvard’s Project Zero umbrella, research on the value of making in educational settings is now being published. Early findings from the AbD group show that a valuable sense of self is developed when children are allowed to make, invent and tinker. This sense of self, or “maker empowerment,” is a person’s ability to see the opportunity in their environment both for making things and for making change in the world. AbD defines maker empowerment as “a sensitivity to the designed dimension of objects and systems, along with the inclination and capacity to shape one’s world through building, tinkering, re/designing, or hacking” (Agency by Design, 2015a). Others would just call this creativity, mindfulness or resourcefulness. No matter what you call it, we want students to experience learning that requires them to look closely at the objects they interact with, explore the complexity of those objects, make deep connections, and to dream big while they develop agency to make change in the world around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In summary, the use of the design process in school is a creative exploration of hard, yet fun problems (rigor, risk and reward), positive identity formation (“I am creative,” “I am a scientist,” “I can solve problems”) and collaborative learning (“we are greater than me”). Add responsible resource management and exposure to social justice issues, and design becomes a tool for innovation, empowerment and stewardship. Using design and engineering in science trains brains to think flexibly, to see layers of complexity in the environment all around, to discover loopholes in assumed truths and to look for opportunity to make the world a better place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sciteach212\">Christa Flores\u003c/a> is an anthropologist turned science and making teacher. She develops classroom-tested lessons and resources for learning by making and design in the middle grades and beyond. \u003ca href=\"http://www.makingsciencebook.com/\">Making Science\u003c/a> offers project ideas, connections to the new Next Generation Science Standards, assessment strategies, examples of student work and practical tips for educators.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A constructivist approach to learning science could be the key to igniting students natural curiosity and desire to solve real problems.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1482393711,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1297},"headData":{"title":"Five Ways Design and Making Can Help Science Education Come Alive | KQED","description":"A constructivist approach to learning science could be the key to igniting students natural curiosity and desire to solve real problems.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Five Ways Design and Making Can Help Science Education Come Alive","datePublished":"2016-12-22T08:01:51.000Z","dateModified":"2016-12-22T08:01:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"47138 http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=47138","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/12/22/five-ways-design-and-making-can-help-science-education-come-alive/","disqusTitle":"Five Ways Design and Making Can Help Science Education Come Alive","path":"/mindshift/47138/five-ways-design-and-making-can-help-science-education-come-alive","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpted from \u003ca href=\"http://www.makingsciencebook.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Making Science: Reimagining STEM Education in Middle School and Beyond\u003c/a> by Christa Flores, published in 2016 by \u003ca href=\"http://cmkpress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Constructing Modern Knowledge Press\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Christa Flores\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cem>\"How do research and design relate to each other? (…) Both activities produce knowledge, but of different kinds. (…) So, on the one hand, design is not a science in its own right, but draws on technical and scientific insights as well as artistic skill and ability. On the other hand design, although not a science, can be the object of systematic research.\" — Christian Gänshirt, Tools for Ideas\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Design is an artistic endeavor that values the creative and human centered application of math, science and technology. Using design to help others learn science is not intuitive, however, once practiced you will see how humanistic and authentic it is to incorporate design in any subject. Below is a list of the most promising benefits that I have noticed in the past six years for using design as a framework and making as the engine to empower students as they gain and apply their scientific literacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benefit No. 1: Students learn more, love science more, and are more engaged in science content and the scientific process when designing solutions to real problems. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The creation of the artificial, whether a sling shot, calorimeter or electrical circuit, becomes a solution-finding crusade armed with scientific knowledge. When students invent, they take ownership over an idea, then face real-world problems en route to making their idea come to life. They act, think and work as real scientists and inventors. Studies show that the best predictor of STEM career choice in adulthood is linked to whether kids self-report seeing themselves as scientists when they grow up by 8th grade (Maltese & Tai, 2011). We have to trust that allowing our students to tinker, question and invent, as early as elementary and middle school, will help them to develop positive identities that encourage a lifelong love of science, math and the creative process. Making learning “hard fun” (Papert, 2002) is a real-world balancing act that happens everyday when children are designing and inventing in the classroom.\u003ca href=\"http://cmkpress.com/making-science/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-47141\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/making-science-cover-e1481832063244.png\" alt=\"making-science-cover\" width=\"250\" height=\"334\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benefit No. 2: If creative confidence, collaboration, self-reliance, resilience and communication are key to being a scientist, then teaching design and engineering in science class is more effective than content-centered or teacher-directed methods.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solving real problems provides students with opportunities to identify with problems that matter, diagnose, defend an argument with evidence, give and receive feedback, utilize and critique internet resources, compose professional emails to mentors and more. Well-designed open-ended challenges versus rigidly planned lessons allow children to do real work in a controlled environment with the help of a learning community. Ownership is given to the learner, while the teacher serves as facilitator. The design aspect turns agency over to students and they become active creators, rather than passive consumers who simply follow directions. Assessment is real time and authentic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benefit No. 3: In an age where school is becoming less relevant to students, invention and design are an engaging way to learn.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, science literacy has become available to more kinds of learners. Educational YouTubers, science storytelling shows like WNYC’s Radiolab, and television shows such as the Mythbusters illustrate the beauty and coolness of science where some traditional science classes fail. These informal educational outlets do a good job spreading science literacy to the general public in a joyful and engaging manner. Some even go so far as to reinforce what we teach in science class — that science is both fun and methodical. Adam Savage of Mythbusters is famous for saying that it’s just screwing around if you don’t write it down. Just like interacting with a well-designed museum exhibit, or setting stuff on fire in your backyard, school should be exploratory and joyful (but safe). Joy and laughter should be welcome in any classroom. Joy relieves stress and allows for healthy goal-setting in a classroom infused with potential dead ends and frustration (Bennett, et.al., 2003; Cornett 1986). Inventing is hands on, minds on, hearts on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benefit No. 4: Science is shareable, so is making an artifact.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-47142\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/Christa-flores-e1481832092824.jpg\" alt=\"christa-flores\" width=\"250\" height=\"288\">Allowing design and making in science classes results in students having conversations about their shared work and reinforces the importance of documenting the testing process because you don’t want to make the same mistake twice. Communication with peers and mentors is critical to getting over obstacles and improving designs. This mirrors real-world science, where communication is critical to getting support for your ideas. At the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science at Stony Brook University this idea is part of their mission, “The ability to communicate directly and vividly can enhance scientists’ career prospects, helping them secure funding, collaborate across disciplines, compete for positions, and serve as effective teachers” (Stony Brook University, 2015). Once artifacts are created, most students are happy to share their work with others in public showcases where their process story becomes a point of pride. Unlike taking tests or writing a lab report, sharing work as a form of assessment allows students to gain a sense of identity around STEM topics, as students see their hard work mirrored back at them through the eyes and questions of an eager and engaged audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benefit No. 5: Using design to address or engage real problems empowers students to think of themselves as having the capacity to make the world better. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to research on the impact and implication of making in education, such as that done by the aptly named Agency by Design (AbD), a project housed within Harvard’s Project Zero umbrella, research on the value of making in educational settings is now being published. Early findings from the AbD group show that a valuable sense of self is developed when children are allowed to make, invent and tinker. This sense of self, or “maker empowerment,” is a person’s ability to see the opportunity in their environment both for making things and for making change in the world. AbD defines maker empowerment as “a sensitivity to the designed dimension of objects and systems, along with the inclination and capacity to shape one’s world through building, tinkering, re/designing, or hacking” (Agency by Design, 2015a). Others would just call this creativity, mindfulness or resourcefulness. No matter what you call it, we want students to experience learning that requires them to look closely at the objects they interact with, explore the complexity of those objects, make deep connections, and to dream big while they develop agency to make change in the world around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In summary, the use of the design process in school is a creative exploration of hard, yet fun problems (rigor, risk and reward), positive identity formation (“I am creative,” “I am a scientist,” “I can solve problems”) and collaborative learning (“we are greater than me”). Add responsible resource management and exposure to social justice issues, and design becomes a tool for innovation, empowerment and stewardship. Using design and engineering in science trains brains to think flexibly, to see layers of complexity in the environment all around, to discover loopholes in assumed truths and to look for opportunity to make the world a better place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sciteach212\">Christa Flores\u003c/a> is an anthropologist turned science and making teacher. She develops classroom-tested lessons and resources for learning by making and design in the middle grades and beyond. \u003ca href=\"http://www.makingsciencebook.com/\">Making Science\u003c/a> offers project ideas, connections to the new Next Generation Science Standards, assessment strategies, examples of student work and practical tips for educators.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/47138/five-ways-design-and-making-can-help-science-education-come-alive","authors":["4354"],"categories":["mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_20784","mindshift_21054","mindshift_20945","mindshift_980","mindshift_20946","mindshift_551","mindshift_975"],"featImg":"mindshift_47152","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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