Distracted Students? Understanding These 3 Myths of Attention Span Can Help
Six Strategies to Help You Focus Better
How Memory, Focus and Good Teaching Can Work Together to Help Kids Learn
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Understanding These 3 Myths of Attention Span Can Help","publishDate":1713866400,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Distracted Students? Understanding These 3 Myths of Attention Span Can Help | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">How many times per day do you check your phone? According to Gloria Mark, psychologist and author of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://gloriamark.com/attention-span/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Attention Span\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, people swipe from screen to screen about 566 times per day, and about half of those switches are self-motivated, meaning they weren’t prompted by a notification.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Digital technologies have been innovated quicker than humans are capable of processing, and our new tools and social media are designed to keep us tapping and swiping. This has become an issue that impedes attention span because “the mind has a limited pool of cognitive resources,” said Mark, who is a professor of informatics at the University of California, Irvine. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360131519301642#:~:text=Students%20used%20their%20phones%20for,min%20for%20over%20a%20minute.&text=Predictors%20of%20in%2Dclass%20usage,class%20size%2C%20and%20lecture%20organization.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a 2019 study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of 84 college students in Korea, Mark’s colleagues found that the students spent 28% of class duration \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62004/so-your-tween-wants-a-smartphone-read-this-first\">distracted on smartphones\u003c/a>. These tech distractions were also associated with lower grades. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Mark, most of the time that we spend interacting with digital technology like smartphones is done unconsciously. But our brains like our bodies experience fatigue, and when we are overloaded with an impossible amount of tech distractions, executive function is negatively affected. When executive function is maxed out “it affects our ability to filter out distractions and stay on path,” Mark said during her recent keynote talk at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.learningandthebrain.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Learning and The Brain: Teaching Engaged Brains\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> conference. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her research, Mark has identified three myths of attention span and tech use. Understanding these myths can help teachers and parents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63497/parents-make-mistakes-when-setting-screen-time-rules-for-their-kids-thats-ok\">guide young people\u003c/a> in maintaining – and regaining – focus throughout the school day. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The myth of endless focus\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Mark, the first myth is assuming that when computers are used “we should strive to be focused as long as possible.” That’s not realistic, she said. When we try to focus on rigorous tasks for long periods on screens without taking breaks to restore our cognitive resources, “our minds can also get injured, and it’s called burnout,” she said. Focus is a limited resource and can fluctuate depending on how engaged or challenged a student feels. So, when teachers strike a balance between harder and simpler tasks in the classroom, it gives students a chance to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63497/parents-make-mistakes-when-setting-screen-time-rules-for-their-kids-thats-ok\">regain cognitive and executive function\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The myth of multitasking\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Myth number two of attention span is multitasking. As humans, “we cannot parallel process unless one of those activities is automatic,” said Mark. Not only does multitasking impair accuracy with individual tasks, “the nail in the coffin is that multitasking creates more stress,” she continued. So when students are switching from task to task and from screen to screen, not only is their executive function declining, but their stress levels are rising. In their research, Mark and her colleagues have found “a correlation with the amount of attention shifting and [participants’] reports of perceived stress,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The myth of self-discipline\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The third myth of attention span and tech is that lack of focus is due to low self-discipline. Social media algorithms appeal to our desire to gravitate towards rewards-based social systems, said Mark. For young people, social media can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62233/how-to-help-your-kids-navigate-social-media-without-getting-lost\">play a big role in social connection\u003c/a>. Receiving affirmation from others is important to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62189/school-shapes-teens-identities-and-relationships-what-role-do-teachers-play\">teens’ identity development\u003c/a>, and social media is highly scalable, so teens also gain social capital from likes and online interactions. Because social media and smartphone use is so time consuming and ingrained in identity building, “there’s this competition of interest between what the teacher is talking about and what your friend is saying on the phone,” Mark said. “And it’s probably way more interesting to pay attention to what your friend is saying.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Solutions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mark sees the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63470/indiana-lawmakers-ban-cellphones-in-class-now-its-up-to-schools-to-figure-out-how\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">banning of smartphones\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from the classroom as a social equalizer for students in K-12 education. Students should be encouraged to “always put a person, a human being before a smartphone,” said Mark. She said that setting this social standard can appeal to adolescents’ natural desire to be part of a group.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Finding what might seem like infinite ways to keep students engaged and happy throughout the day can be daunting. But Mark recommended simple teaching strategies like playing short games, incorporating funny and engaging static cartoons throughout a lesson, class-wide meditation and allowing for small group participation. These teaching strategies pair well with the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3122271/#:~:text=The%20broaden%2Dand%2Dbuild%20theory%20posits%20that%20experiences%20of%20positive,to%20social%20and%20psychological%20resources.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">broaden and build theory\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which hypothesizes that “the capacity to experience positive emotions may be a fundamental human strength.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Mark, teachers can help students hone in on their attention by practicing forethought and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63441/10-hacks-to-boost-teens-executive-function-skills-and-manage-screen-time\">imagining a future self\u003c/a>. Because this is a skill that teens have to build from scratch, “for a young person, it could be their future self at the end of the day,” said Mark. Having a sense of concrete future visualization will \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/50947/how-reverse-planning-for-goals-can-help-students-succeed-in-school\">help students stay goal-oriented\u003c/a>, even if the goals seem small. Eventually, goals can be set farther in the future, like planning for the weekend, or even for the next academic semester, she continued.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">During an interview, Mark stressed the importance of the integration of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63390/ai-images-and-conspiracy-theories-are-driving-a-push-for-media-literacy-education\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">media literacy\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> into the curriculum. It is important for young people to learn about the importance of mono-tasking, and dangers of media overuse, said Mark. But it is also imperative that students understand the dangers of misinformation, disinformation and cyberbullying.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Endless focus is not a realistic goal for tech use. Psychologist Gloria Mark provides advice to help young people focus in the digital era.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713880920,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":916},"headData":{"title":"Distracted Students? Understanding These 3 Myths of Attention Span Can Help | KQED","description":"Endless focus is not a realistic goal for tech use. Psychologist Gloria Mark provides advice to help young people focus in the digital era.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Endless focus is not a realistic goal for tech use. Psychologist Gloria Mark provides advice to help young people focus in the digital era.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Distracted Students? Understanding These 3 Myths of Attention Span Can Help","datePublished":"2024-04-23T10:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-23T14:02:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63519/distracted-students-understanding-these-3-myths-of-attention-span-can-help","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">How many times per day do you check your phone? According to Gloria Mark, psychologist and author of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://gloriamark.com/attention-span/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Attention Span\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, people swipe from screen to screen about 566 times per day, and about half of those switches are self-motivated, meaning they weren’t prompted by a notification.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Digital technologies have been innovated quicker than humans are capable of processing, and our new tools and social media are designed to keep us tapping and swiping. This has become an issue that impedes attention span because “the mind has a limited pool of cognitive resources,” said Mark, who is a professor of informatics at the University of California, Irvine. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360131519301642#:~:text=Students%20used%20their%20phones%20for,min%20for%20over%20a%20minute.&text=Predictors%20of%20in%2Dclass%20usage,class%20size%2C%20and%20lecture%20organization.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a 2019 study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of 84 college students in Korea, Mark’s colleagues found that the students spent 28% of class duration \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62004/so-your-tween-wants-a-smartphone-read-this-first\">distracted on smartphones\u003c/a>. These tech distractions were also associated with lower grades. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Mark, most of the time that we spend interacting with digital technology like smartphones is done unconsciously. But our brains like our bodies experience fatigue, and when we are overloaded with an impossible amount of tech distractions, executive function is negatively affected. When executive function is maxed out “it affects our ability to filter out distractions and stay on path,” Mark said during her recent keynote talk at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.learningandthebrain.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Learning and The Brain: Teaching Engaged Brains\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> conference. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her research, Mark has identified three myths of attention span and tech use. Understanding these myths can help teachers and parents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63497/parents-make-mistakes-when-setting-screen-time-rules-for-their-kids-thats-ok\">guide young people\u003c/a> in maintaining – and regaining – focus throughout the school day. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The myth of endless focus\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Mark, the first myth is assuming that when computers are used “we should strive to be focused as long as possible.” That’s not realistic, she said. When we try to focus on rigorous tasks for long periods on screens without taking breaks to restore our cognitive resources, “our minds can also get injured, and it’s called burnout,” she said. Focus is a limited resource and can fluctuate depending on how engaged or challenged a student feels. So, when teachers strike a balance between harder and simpler tasks in the classroom, it gives students a chance to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63497/parents-make-mistakes-when-setting-screen-time-rules-for-their-kids-thats-ok\">regain cognitive and executive function\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The myth of multitasking\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Myth number two of attention span is multitasking. As humans, “we cannot parallel process unless one of those activities is automatic,” said Mark. Not only does multitasking impair accuracy with individual tasks, “the nail in the coffin is that multitasking creates more stress,” she continued. So when students are switching from task to task and from screen to screen, not only is their executive function declining, but their stress levels are rising. In their research, Mark and her colleagues have found “a correlation with the amount of attention shifting and [participants’] reports of perceived stress,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The myth of self-discipline\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The third myth of attention span and tech is that lack of focus is due to low self-discipline. Social media algorithms appeal to our desire to gravitate towards rewards-based social systems, said Mark. For young people, social media can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62233/how-to-help-your-kids-navigate-social-media-without-getting-lost\">play a big role in social connection\u003c/a>. Receiving affirmation from others is important to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62189/school-shapes-teens-identities-and-relationships-what-role-do-teachers-play\">teens’ identity development\u003c/a>, and social media is highly scalable, so teens also gain social capital from likes and online interactions. Because social media and smartphone use is so time consuming and ingrained in identity building, “there’s this competition of interest between what the teacher is talking about and what your friend is saying on the phone,” Mark said. “And it’s probably way more interesting to pay attention to what your friend is saying.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Solutions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mark sees the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63470/indiana-lawmakers-ban-cellphones-in-class-now-its-up-to-schools-to-figure-out-how\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">banning of smartphones\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from the classroom as a social equalizer for students in K-12 education. Students should be encouraged to “always put a person, a human being before a smartphone,” said Mark. She said that setting this social standard can appeal to adolescents’ natural desire to be part of a group.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Finding what might seem like infinite ways to keep students engaged and happy throughout the day can be daunting. But Mark recommended simple teaching strategies like playing short games, incorporating funny and engaging static cartoons throughout a lesson, class-wide meditation and allowing for small group participation. These teaching strategies pair well with the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3122271/#:~:text=The%20broaden%2Dand%2Dbuild%20theory%20posits%20that%20experiences%20of%20positive,to%20social%20and%20psychological%20resources.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">broaden and build theory\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which hypothesizes that “the capacity to experience positive emotions may be a fundamental human strength.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Mark, teachers can help students hone in on their attention by practicing forethought and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63441/10-hacks-to-boost-teens-executive-function-skills-and-manage-screen-time\">imagining a future self\u003c/a>. Because this is a skill that teens have to build from scratch, “for a young person, it could be their future self at the end of the day,” said Mark. Having a sense of concrete future visualization will \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/50947/how-reverse-planning-for-goals-can-help-students-succeed-in-school\">help students stay goal-oriented\u003c/a>, even if the goals seem small. Eventually, goals can be set farther in the future, like planning for the weekend, or even for the next academic semester, she continued.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">During an interview, Mark stressed the importance of the integration of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63390/ai-images-and-conspiracy-theories-are-driving-a-push-for-media-literacy-education\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">media literacy\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> into the curriculum. It is important for young people to learn about the importance of mono-tasking, and dangers of media overuse, said Mark. But it is also imperative that students understand the dangers of misinformation, disinformation and cyberbullying.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63519/distracted-students-understanding-these-3-myths-of-attention-span-can-help","authors":["11759"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_195","mindshift_21504","mindshift_193","mindshift_20874"],"tags":["mindshift_21207","mindshift_866","mindshift_20693","mindshift_20955","mindshift_20824","mindshift_20816","mindshift_30"],"featImg":"mindshift_63520","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_57585":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_57585","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"57585","score":null,"sort":[1616481038000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"six-strategies-to-help-you-focus-better","title":"Six Strategies to Help You Focus Better","publishDate":1616481038,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Getting and staying focused can be a challenge in the best of times. But with everything going on in the world, concentrating can often feel down-right impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testament to that challenge is the burgeoning self-help industry bursting with books, blogs, videos and TED Talks on the topic. There's even a site called \u003ca href=\"https://www.caveday.org/\">Caveday\u003c/a> where the focus-challenged gather together on Zoom — computer cameras switched on for accountability, all other technology put away — for deep-focus work sessions. Among other things, it requires that participants \"monotask,\" because multitasking distracts our brains and prevents us from entering true focus and flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens instead when we try to multitask, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ics.uci.edu/~gmark/Home_page/Welcome.html\">Gloria Mark\u003c/a>, Ph.D., is that our brains switch among tasks, requiring more brain fuel than staying with one task at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every activity we do uses a different set of cognitive resources,\" says Mark, an informatics professor at the University of California, Irvine. \"If I do email, I'm using one set of cognitive resources. If I'm reading a report, I'm using a different set of resources. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more tasks you try to do at any given time, the more cognitive energy you burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another overconsumer of brain fuel is \u003cem>over\u003c/em>focusing, says Dr. Srini Pillay, a psychiatrist and the author of \u003ca href=\"https://tinkerdabble.com/\">\u003cem>Tinker Dabble Doodle Try: Unlock the Power of the Unfocused Mind\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the title suggests, Pillay believes \"unfocusing\" your mind, or purposefully letting it wander, is key to improving focus overall. The brain, he says, does its best work when it's allowed to toggle between focus and unfocus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which leads to the first of six tips to help you find your flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unfocus your brain. \u003c/strong>Schedule into every workday some breaks from all that focusing and allow your mind to travel into what's called the \"default mode network\" for a bit of freestyle riffing. This network of brain circuitry is where magic happens, Pillay says. It's the place where our minds find innovation and creativity and often make better decisions than the focused mind. You can get yourself there, he says, with something called \"positive constructive daydreaming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Engage in positive constructive daydreaming.\u003c/strong> This involves first turning your attention inward. Try traveling with your mind to someplace enjoyable — maybe it's a stroll through an imaginary forest or sunbathing on a warm, sandy beach. Pair your daydreaming with some form of low-key activity such as walking, knitting, gardening. Release your mind for about 20 minutes of this fun and watch what happens. Doing so — especially when working hard on a project — will help to open up the brain's \"default mode network.\" Doing this several times a day can offer your mind a fresh approach to the job at hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Block interruptions before diving into deep work. \u003c/strong>Our days are filled with distractions, from others \u003cem>and\u003c/em> ourselves. To help, turn off text messaging, notifications and social media alerts. Pretty basic? Sure, but vital when you want a deep dive into focus, Mark says. When distracting interruptions are shut off, our brains get a chance to complete full sentences of thought. Your important work, she says, benefits when you shut off or put away your phone and other screens. Then, plan a time to respond — after you've completed a period of sustained focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Know your chronobiology. \u003c/strong>Make friends with your body clock. Are you a lark who is sharp and alert in the morning? Or is night owl more your style? Either way, it doesn't matter as long as you schedule your most important projects during your brain's periods of peak performance. Mark says resist the temptation to spend your day — in particular your peak brain hours — doing busywork. Instead, reserve your best brain time for the big stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Try new hobbies. \u003c/strong>Dabbling in hobbies not only is fun but can help us come up with new solutions to problems we're facing at work or home, Pillay says. Allowing your mind time to play is another way to invite innovation in ways that focusing doesn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consider a digital sabbath. \u003c/strong>There's a lot of talk these days about the benefits of shutting off your devices — and for good reason. Taking a digital sabbath — intentionally setting aside time to rest from your screens and all their interruptions — offers an important benefit, Mark says. It reminds us there's a world outside our screens, helping us to \"reset and think about what's really important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The podcast version of this episode was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/747369843/audrey-nguyen\">\u003cem>Audrey Nguyen\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We'd love to hear from you. Leave us a voicemail at 202-216-9823, or email us at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:LifeKit@npr.org\">\u003cem>LifeKit@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more Life Kit, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/life-kit\">\u003cem>subscribe to our newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Too+Much+Focusing+Is+Draining.+Here%27s+A+Better+Strategy&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Concentrating is hard. Concentrating during a pandemic is even harder. Daydreaming, taking breaks and cutting distractions are helpful examples of focus strategies that can be helpful for everyone trying to complete a task. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1616481038,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":811},"headData":{"title":"Six Strategies to Help You Focus Better - MindShift","description":"Daydreaming, taking breaks and cutting distractions are helpful examples of focus strategies that can be helpful for everyone trying to complete a task.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Six Strategies to Help You Focus Better","datePublished":"2021-03-23T06:30:38.000Z","dateModified":"2021-03-23T06:30:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"57585 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=57585","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2021/03/22/six-strategies-to-help-you-focus-better/","disqusTitle":"Six Strategies to Help You Focus Better","nprByline":"Stephanie O'Neill and Audrey Nguyen","nprImageAgency":"Photo illustration by Becky Harlan/NPR","nprStoryId":"979183329","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=979183329&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/21/979183329/too-much-focusing-is-draining-heres-a-better-strategy?ft=nprml&f=979183329","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 22 Mar 2021 10:16:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 21 Mar 2021 07:00:26 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 22 Mar 2021 10:16:33 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/lifekit/2021/03/20210322_lifekit_life_kit_-_how_to_focus__-_final.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=676529561&d=1037&story=979183329&ft=nprml&f=979183329","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1979946670-033166.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=676529561&d=1037&story=979183329&ft=nprml&f=979183329","path":"/mindshift/57585/six-strategies-to-help-you-focus-better","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/lifekit/2021/03/20210322_lifekit_life_kit_-_how_to_focus__-_final.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=676529561&d=1037&story=979183329&ft=nprml&f=979183329","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Getting and staying focused can be a challenge in the best of times. But with everything going on in the world, concentrating can often feel down-right impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testament to that challenge is the burgeoning self-help industry bursting with books, blogs, videos and TED Talks on the topic. There's even a site called \u003ca href=\"https://www.caveday.org/\">Caveday\u003c/a> where the focus-challenged gather together on Zoom — computer cameras switched on for accountability, all other technology put away — for deep-focus work sessions. Among other things, it requires that participants \"monotask,\" because multitasking distracts our brains and prevents us from entering true focus and flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens instead when we try to multitask, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ics.uci.edu/~gmark/Home_page/Welcome.html\">Gloria Mark\u003c/a>, Ph.D., is that our brains switch among tasks, requiring more brain fuel than staying with one task at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every activity we do uses a different set of cognitive resources,\" says Mark, an informatics professor at the University of California, Irvine. \"If I do email, I'm using one set of cognitive resources. If I'm reading a report, I'm using a different set of resources. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more tasks you try to do at any given time, the more cognitive energy you burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another overconsumer of brain fuel is \u003cem>over\u003c/em>focusing, says Dr. Srini Pillay, a psychiatrist and the author of \u003ca href=\"https://tinkerdabble.com/\">\u003cem>Tinker Dabble Doodle Try: Unlock the Power of the Unfocused Mind\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the title suggests, Pillay believes \"unfocusing\" your mind, or purposefully letting it wander, is key to improving focus overall. The brain, he says, does its best work when it's allowed to toggle between focus and unfocus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which leads to the first of six tips to help you find your flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unfocus your brain. \u003c/strong>Schedule into every workday some breaks from all that focusing and allow your mind to travel into what's called the \"default mode network\" for a bit of freestyle riffing. This network of brain circuitry is where magic happens, Pillay says. It's the place where our minds find innovation and creativity and often make better decisions than the focused mind. You can get yourself there, he says, with something called \"positive constructive daydreaming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Engage in positive constructive daydreaming.\u003c/strong> This involves first turning your attention inward. Try traveling with your mind to someplace enjoyable — maybe it's a stroll through an imaginary forest or sunbathing on a warm, sandy beach. Pair your daydreaming with some form of low-key activity such as walking, knitting, gardening. Release your mind for about 20 minutes of this fun and watch what happens. Doing so — especially when working hard on a project — will help to open up the brain's \"default mode network.\" Doing this several times a day can offer your mind a fresh approach to the job at hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Block interruptions before diving into deep work. \u003c/strong>Our days are filled with distractions, from others \u003cem>and\u003c/em> ourselves. To help, turn off text messaging, notifications and social media alerts. Pretty basic? Sure, but vital when you want a deep dive into focus, Mark says. When distracting interruptions are shut off, our brains get a chance to complete full sentences of thought. Your important work, she says, benefits when you shut off or put away your phone and other screens. Then, plan a time to respond — after you've completed a period of sustained focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Know your chronobiology. \u003c/strong>Make friends with your body clock. Are you a lark who is sharp and alert in the morning? Or is night owl more your style? Either way, it doesn't matter as long as you schedule your most important projects during your brain's periods of peak performance. Mark says resist the temptation to spend your day — in particular your peak brain hours — doing busywork. Instead, reserve your best brain time for the big stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Try new hobbies. \u003c/strong>Dabbling in hobbies not only is fun but can help us come up with new solutions to problems we're facing at work or home, Pillay says. Allowing your mind time to play is another way to invite innovation in ways that focusing doesn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consider a digital sabbath. \u003c/strong>There's a lot of talk these days about the benefits of shutting off your devices — and for good reason. Taking a digital sabbath — intentionally setting aside time to rest from your screens and all their interruptions — offers an important benefit, Mark says. It reminds us there's a world outside our screens, helping us to \"reset and think about what's really important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The podcast version of this episode was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/747369843/audrey-nguyen\">\u003cem>Audrey Nguyen\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We'd love to hear from you. Leave us a voicemail at 202-216-9823, or email us at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:LifeKit@npr.org\">\u003cem>LifeKit@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more Life Kit, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/life-kit\">\u003cem>subscribe to our newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Too+Much+Focusing+Is+Draining.+Here%27s+A+Better+Strategy&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/57585/six-strategies-to-help-you-focus-better","authors":["byline_mindshift_57585"],"categories":["mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_862","mindshift_20754","mindshift_20693","mindshift_20838","mindshift_20824","mindshift_21421"],"featImg":"mindshift_57586","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_39677":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_39677","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"39677","score":null,"sort":[1428595315000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-memory-focus-and-good-teaching-can-work-together-to-help-kids-learn","title":"How Memory, Focus and Good Teaching Can Work Together to Help Kids Learn","publishDate":1428595315,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Everyone has a pet theory on how to improve public education: better professional development for teachers, more money, better curriculum, testing for accountability, teacher incentives, technology, streamlined bureaucracy. Policymakers have been trying these solutions for years with mixed results. But those who study the brain have their own ideas for improving how kids learn: focus on teaching kids \u003cem>how\u003c/em> to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">\"The more you teach students how to learn, the less time you have to spend teaching curriculum because they can [understand] it on their own,” said \u003ca href=\"http://thankyoubrain.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\">William Klemm\u003c/a>, senior professor of neuroscience at Texas A&M University at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.learningandthebrain.com/education-conferences-2015\" target=\"_blank\">Learning and the Brain \u003c/a>conference \"Making Lasting Memories.\" “I think the real problem is that students have not learned how to be competent learners,” he said. \"They haven't learned this because we haven't taught them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuroscientists still have a lot to learn about how the human brain learns, remembers and reacts to environments, but there are certain things Klemm said are fairly well documented and not always applied in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>TECHNOLOGY AND DISTRACTION\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no denying the Internet is an amazing resource for fast access to diverse perspectives and rich opportunities to extend learning. “That’s a good thing because the more you think about something from multiple perspectives, the better you are at understanding it,” Klemm said. But the Internet is also full of false information, and students aren’t always \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/10/teach-kids-to-be-their-own-filter/\" target=\"_blank\">taught how to tell the difference\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For students, it’s easy to get distracted, pulled off track by the many interesting pop-ups, links or videos embedded in any Web post. When this happens, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/05/how-does-multitasking-change-the-way-kids-learn/\" target=\"_blank\">kids multitask\u003c/a>, a concept neuroscientists have shown doesn’t really exist. When a person thinks she is doing two things at once, she is really switching rapidly back and forth between individual tasks, eroding the attention and quality of each task in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem with multitasking is it interferes with forming memories,” Klemm said. And while it has become trendy to say kids don’t need to know basic information because they can look it up on the Internet, Klemm is adamant that students \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/02/can-repetitive-exercises-actually-feed-the-creative-process/\" target=\"_blank\">cannot build more complex knowledge without information\u003c/a> in their working memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We live in a generation where students are doing more and more of this, so they’re messing up their ability to memorize,” Klemm said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klemm believes the Internet makes students lazy. “When students rely on the Internet for knowledge, they are programming themselves to look for information on the Internet and not in their heads,” he said. When asked to recall the information they just looked up, they \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/04/03/internet-searches-may-make-you-think-youre-smarter-than-you-are/\">don’t remember it as well\u003c/a>. Instead, they remember how to find the same information again on the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"tQdAj520BR6BtSJxxGUXAHjmCfRCDynt\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without memorizing some information, it’s harder for the brain to acquire new knowledge and skills. It takes longer for the brain to process new information, and students are less likely and slower to ask informed and perceptive questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more you know, the more you can make conclusions, even be creative,” Klemm said. “All of these things have to be done by thinking, and thinking has to be done from what’s in your working memory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/12/age-of-distraction-why-its-crucial-for-students-to-learn-to-focus/\" target=\"_blank\">Distractions of all sorts\u003c/a> -- whether it’s Friday’s football game or the phone in a student’s hand -- are bad for learning, Klemm said. Teaching students to focus will be a crucial part of preparing them to build on the knowledge they’ve gained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PROTECTED LEARNING TIMES\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s often assumed that if a kid is paying attention while the teacher is talking, he or she is learning. But there are two additional times when the brain must be protected from distractions that are just as important: the period before and the period after the learning takes place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a student has an experience of learning, he holds that new information in his short-term memory while the brain consolidates it and prepares it for long-term storage. The problem is, short-term or working memory can’t hold very much information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often students become distracted immediately after learning something, and that new sensory input crowds out the lesson before it can be used for thinking and building new knowledge. “Long-term memory requires physical and chemical changes in the brain,” Klemm said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, it requires protein kinase by the brain. If that process is blocked, with a distraction, for example, it prevents the brain from forming a long-term memory of what the student learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuroscientists are still researching what happens when a memory is recalled, say, for a test. Experimentally, it has been proven that when a student calls up a memory from long-term storage, it is temporarily placed in the short-term memory. At that point, there is an opportunity to enrich that memory before it gets reconsolidated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll remember an improved version of the original,” Klemm said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>TAKEAWAYS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several straightforward ways educators can start creating learning environments that support what neuroscience has found about how the brain learns best. While many of these concepts aren’t new, they come up again and again in research and bear repeating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stress is bad for learning.\u003c/strong> When students are worried about tests or something in their private lives, they are distracted from what’s going on in the classroom.\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/12/02/high-school-students-health-suffers-from-too-much-stress/\"> Chronic stress\u003c/a> is even worse. The steroids released when a person is under chronic stress kill neurons, particularly those located in the hippocampus, an important part of the brain for storing long-term memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything you can do to reduce a child’s stress will make it easier to be a better learner,” Klemm said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Classroom decorations can be distracting.\u003c/strong> Researchers at Carnegie-Mellon recently found that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/06/12/are-classroom-decorations-too-distracting-for-young-students/\">overly decorated classrooms\u003c/a> were a distraction to students. While no one is suggesting school walls should be completely bare of color, too much can be bad for learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Test for a reason.\u003c/strong> “Testing is a good thing if it’s non-punitive,” Klemm said. “It \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/10/studying-with-quizzes-helps-make-sure-the-material-sticks/\" target=\"_blank\">requires students to recall what they know\u003c/a> and process what they don’t know. But high-stakes testing, although probably at some level necessary for official accountability, can be overdone to the point where it makes school unpleasant for the teacher and the kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Spend more time teaching learning skills.\u003c/strong> Klemm recommends \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/08/25/how-does-the-brain-learn-best-smart-studying-strategies/\">memory tricks\u003c/a> like mnemonic devices, and visualizing ideas as complex images, to help students expand their working memory. “If they knew these things, they wouldn’t have to work so hard and school might even become fun,” Klemm said. “Once students start reflecting and become more self-aware, they have the opportunity to become better students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Working memory gets overloaded,” Kleem said. “Most people can only hold four independent ideas in working memory.” But if images are used to represent a constellation of ideas, people can remember much more. Words are hard to remember, but images stick with people. “It’s like a zip file,” Klemm said. “This is a way to get your working memory to carry more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teaching kids about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/04/what-kids-should-know-about-their-own-brains/\" target=\"_blank\">how their brains and memory work\u003c/a> can also be a way to help them discover intrinsic motivation to complete tasks. And when educators are attentive to some of the environmental factors that produce good (or less good) learning, they can structure the conditions for kids to thrive academically.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Technology enables students with nearly infinite information. But kids need help in learning how to learn in order to be creative and knowledgable. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1465237967,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1299},"headData":{"title":"How Memory, Focus and Good Teaching Can Work Together to Help Kids Learn | KQED","description":"Technology enables students with nearly infinite information. But kids need help in learning how to learn in order to be creative and knowledgable. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Memory, Focus and Good Teaching Can Work Together to Help Kids Learn","datePublished":"2015-04-09T16:01:55.000Z","dateModified":"2016-06-06T18:32:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"39677 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=39677","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/04/09/how-memory-focus-and-good-teaching-can-work-together-to-help-kids-learn/","disqusTitle":"How Memory, Focus and Good Teaching Can Work Together to Help Kids Learn","path":"/mindshift/39677/how-memory-focus-and-good-teaching-can-work-together-to-help-kids-learn","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Everyone has a pet theory on how to improve public education: better professional development for teachers, more money, better curriculum, testing for accountability, teacher incentives, technology, streamlined bureaucracy. Policymakers have been trying these solutions for years with mixed results. But those who study the brain have their own ideas for improving how kids learn: focus on teaching kids \u003cem>how\u003c/em> to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">\"The more you teach students how to learn, the less time you have to spend teaching curriculum because they can [understand] it on their own,” said \u003ca href=\"http://thankyoubrain.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\">William Klemm\u003c/a>, senior professor of neuroscience at Texas A&M University at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.learningandthebrain.com/education-conferences-2015\" target=\"_blank\">Learning and the Brain \u003c/a>conference \"Making Lasting Memories.\" “I think the real problem is that students have not learned how to be competent learners,” he said. \"They haven't learned this because we haven't taught them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuroscientists still have a lot to learn about how the human brain learns, remembers and reacts to environments, but there are certain things Klemm said are fairly well documented and not always applied in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>TECHNOLOGY AND DISTRACTION\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no denying the Internet is an amazing resource for fast access to diverse perspectives and rich opportunities to extend learning. “That’s a good thing because the more you think about something from multiple perspectives, the better you are at understanding it,” Klemm said. But the Internet is also full of false information, and students aren’t always \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/10/teach-kids-to-be-their-own-filter/\" target=\"_blank\">taught how to tell the difference\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For students, it’s easy to get distracted, pulled off track by the many interesting pop-ups, links or videos embedded in any Web post. When this happens, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/05/how-does-multitasking-change-the-way-kids-learn/\" target=\"_blank\">kids multitask\u003c/a>, a concept neuroscientists have shown doesn’t really exist. When a person thinks she is doing two things at once, she is really switching rapidly back and forth between individual tasks, eroding the attention and quality of each task in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem with multitasking is it interferes with forming memories,” Klemm said. And while it has become trendy to say kids don’t need to know basic information because they can look it up on the Internet, Klemm is adamant that students \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/02/can-repetitive-exercises-actually-feed-the-creative-process/\" target=\"_blank\">cannot build more complex knowledge without information\u003c/a> in their working memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We live in a generation where students are doing more and more of this, so they’re messing up their ability to memorize,” Klemm said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klemm believes the Internet makes students lazy. “When students rely on the Internet for knowledge, they are programming themselves to look for information on the Internet and not in their heads,” he said. When asked to recall the information they just looked up, they \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/04/03/internet-searches-may-make-you-think-youre-smarter-than-you-are/\">don’t remember it as well\u003c/a>. Instead, they remember how to find the same information again on the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without memorizing some information, it’s harder for the brain to acquire new knowledge and skills. It takes longer for the brain to process new information, and students are less likely and slower to ask informed and perceptive questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more you know, the more you can make conclusions, even be creative,” Klemm said. “All of these things have to be done by thinking, and thinking has to be done from what’s in your working memory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/12/age-of-distraction-why-its-crucial-for-students-to-learn-to-focus/\" target=\"_blank\">Distractions of all sorts\u003c/a> -- whether it’s Friday’s football game or the phone in a student’s hand -- are bad for learning, Klemm said. Teaching students to focus will be a crucial part of preparing them to build on the knowledge they’ve gained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PROTECTED LEARNING TIMES\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s often assumed that if a kid is paying attention while the teacher is talking, he or she is learning. But there are two additional times when the brain must be protected from distractions that are just as important: the period before and the period after the learning takes place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a student has an experience of learning, he holds that new information in his short-term memory while the brain consolidates it and prepares it for long-term storage. The problem is, short-term or working memory can’t hold very much information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often students become distracted immediately after learning something, and that new sensory input crowds out the lesson before it can be used for thinking and building new knowledge. “Long-term memory requires physical and chemical changes in the brain,” Klemm said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, it requires protein kinase by the brain. If that process is blocked, with a distraction, for example, it prevents the brain from forming a long-term memory of what the student learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuroscientists are still researching what happens when a memory is recalled, say, for a test. Experimentally, it has been proven that when a student calls up a memory from long-term storage, it is temporarily placed in the short-term memory. At that point, there is an opportunity to enrich that memory before it gets reconsolidated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll remember an improved version of the original,” Klemm said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>TAKEAWAYS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several straightforward ways educators can start creating learning environments that support what neuroscience has found about how the brain learns best. While many of these concepts aren’t new, they come up again and again in research and bear repeating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stress is bad for learning.\u003c/strong> When students are worried about tests or something in their private lives, they are distracted from what’s going on in the classroom.\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/12/02/high-school-students-health-suffers-from-too-much-stress/\"> Chronic stress\u003c/a> is even worse. The steroids released when a person is under chronic stress kill neurons, particularly those located in the hippocampus, an important part of the brain for storing long-term memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything you can do to reduce a child’s stress will make it easier to be a better learner,” Klemm said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Classroom decorations can be distracting.\u003c/strong> Researchers at Carnegie-Mellon recently found that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/06/12/are-classroom-decorations-too-distracting-for-young-students/\">overly decorated classrooms\u003c/a> were a distraction to students. While no one is suggesting school walls should be completely bare of color, too much can be bad for learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Test for a reason.\u003c/strong> “Testing is a good thing if it’s non-punitive,” Klemm said. “It \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/10/studying-with-quizzes-helps-make-sure-the-material-sticks/\" target=\"_blank\">requires students to recall what they know\u003c/a> and process what they don’t know. But high-stakes testing, although probably at some level necessary for official accountability, can be overdone to the point where it makes school unpleasant for the teacher and the kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Spend more time teaching learning skills.\u003c/strong> Klemm recommends \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/08/25/how-does-the-brain-learn-best-smart-studying-strategies/\">memory tricks\u003c/a> like mnemonic devices, and visualizing ideas as complex images, to help students expand their working memory. “If they knew these things, they wouldn’t have to work so hard and school might even become fun,” Klemm said. “Once students start reflecting and become more self-aware, they have the opportunity to become better students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Working memory gets overloaded,” Kleem said. “Most people can only hold four independent ideas in working memory.” But if images are used to represent a constellation of ideas, people can remember much more. Words are hard to remember, but images stick with people. “It’s like a zip file,” Klemm said. “This is a way to get your working memory to carry more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teaching kids about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/04/what-kids-should-know-about-their-own-brains/\" target=\"_blank\">how their brains and memory work\u003c/a> can also be a way to help them discover intrinsic motivation to complete tasks. And when educators are attentive to some of the environmental factors that produce good (or less good) learning, they can structure the conditions for kids to thrive academically.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/39677/how-memory-focus-and-good-teaching-can-work-together-to-help-kids-learn","authors":["234"],"categories":["mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_767","mindshift_20693","mindshift_20784","mindshift_20824","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20556","mindshift_20823"],"featImg":"mindshift_40054","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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