The College Board releases a new framework for its AP African American Studies course
High schoolers account for nearly 1 in 5 community college students
Advanced Placement debate feels high-stakes for teachers of African American history
What’s really in the AP African American studies course that Florida rejected?
AP Computer Science Principles Attract Diverse Students With Real-World Problems
Is it Time to Reconsider AP Classes?
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FM","link":"/"}},"mindshift_62824":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_62824","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"62824","score":null,"sort":[1701904882000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-college-board-releases-a-new-framework-for-its-ap-african-american-studies-course","title":"The College Board releases a new framework for its AP African American Studies course","publishDate":1701904882,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The College Board releases a new framework for its AP African American Studies course | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>The College Board has released the updated framework for its AP African American Studies course, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1151725129/florida-advanced-placement-african-american-studies-backlash\">embroiled in controversy\u003c/a> earlier this year following criticism from Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis and state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board — which offers Advanced Placement courses that can help high school students earn college credit — \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.collegeboard.org/advanced-placement-program-releases-revised-african-american-studies-framework\">said\u003c/a> Wednesday that it arrived at the newest version of the course framework after “intense public debate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new framework is intended to be used when the course officially launches in the 2024-2025 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This course is a vibrant introduction to a dynamic field that offers a broader perspective,” Brandi Waters, senior director and program manager of African American Studies in the Advanced Placement Program, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the course I wish I had in high school,” Waters added. “I hope every interested student has the opportunity to take it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Months back, Florida’s Department of Education \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/22/1150259944/florida-rejects-ap-class-african-american-studies\">rejected the course\u003c/a>, with state officials claiming that it had a “political agenda” that would indoctrinate students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board revised the curriculum in February, but that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/01/1153434464/college-boards-revised-ap-african-american-studies-course-draws-new-criticism\">drew criticism too\u003c/a>, including from those who accused the educational body of caving to the demands of the conservative governor, who is now running for president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-african-american-studies-course-framework.pdf\">new framework\u003c/a> released this week excludes some topics that DeSantis had criticized, such as the Black queer experience, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/education/article282715468.html\">\u003cem>Miami Herald\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also includes a mention of former San Francisco 49ers quarterback \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/08/10/542562923/he-took-a-knee-on-the-field-in-protest-now-he-has-no-team\">Colin Kaepernick’s protest of police brutality\u003c/a> during the national anthem, as well as a reference to Black Lives Matter as an example of optional further study in the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office deferred comment to the Florida Department of Education, which did not immediately respond to NPR’s request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 13,000 students in 700 schools across the U.S. are currently \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/28/1119862835/a-teacher-pilots-new-african-american-studies-ap-course\">piloting \u003c/a>the course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+College+Board+releases+a+new+framework+for+its+AP+African+American+Studies+course&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Controversy swirled around the new course after it was rejected by the Florida Department of Education, with conservative critics accusing the College Board of bias.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1701987793,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":339},"headData":{"title":"The College Board releases a new framework for its AP African American Studies course | KQED","description":"The new framework is intended to be used when the course officially launches in the 2024-2025 school year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"The new framework is intended to be used when the course officially launches in the 2024-2025 school year.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The College Board releases a new framework for its AP African American Studies course","datePublished":"2023-12-06T23:21:22.000Z","dateModified":"2023-12-07T22:23:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Stephen Smith","nprByline":"Joe Hernandez","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"1217649756","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1217649756&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/06/1217649756/college-board-ap-african-american-studies?ft=nprml&f=1217649756","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 06 Dec 2023 17:49:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 06 Dec 2023 15:56:38 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 06 Dec 2023 17:49:02 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/62824/the-college-board-releases-a-new-framework-for-its-ap-african-american-studies-course","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The College Board has released the updated framework for its AP African American Studies course, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1151725129/florida-advanced-placement-african-american-studies-backlash\">embroiled in controversy\u003c/a> earlier this year following criticism from Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis and state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board — which offers Advanced Placement courses that can help high school students earn college credit — \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.collegeboard.org/advanced-placement-program-releases-revised-african-american-studies-framework\">said\u003c/a> Wednesday that it arrived at the newest version of the course framework after “intense public debate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new framework is intended to be used when the course officially launches in the 2024-2025 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This course is a vibrant introduction to a dynamic field that offers a broader perspective,” Brandi Waters, senior director and program manager of African American Studies in the Advanced Placement Program, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the course I wish I had in high school,” Waters added. “I hope every interested student has the opportunity to take it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Months back, Florida’s Department of Education \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/22/1150259944/florida-rejects-ap-class-african-american-studies\">rejected the course\u003c/a>, with state officials claiming that it had a “political agenda” that would indoctrinate students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board revised the curriculum in February, but that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/01/1153434464/college-boards-revised-ap-african-american-studies-course-draws-new-criticism\">drew criticism too\u003c/a>, including from those who accused the educational body of caving to the demands of the conservative governor, who is now running for president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-african-american-studies-course-framework.pdf\">new framework\u003c/a> released this week excludes some topics that DeSantis had criticized, such as the Black queer experience, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/education/article282715468.html\">\u003cem>Miami Herald\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also includes a mention of former San Francisco 49ers quarterback \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/08/10/542562923/he-took-a-knee-on-the-field-in-protest-now-he-has-no-team\">Colin Kaepernick’s protest of police brutality\u003c/a> during the national anthem, as well as a reference to Black Lives Matter as an example of optional further study in the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office deferred comment to the Florida Department of Education, which did not immediately respond to NPR’s request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 13,000 students in 700 schools across the U.S. are currently \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/28/1119862835/a-teacher-pilots-new-african-american-studies-ap-course\">piloting \u003c/a>the course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+College+Board+releases+a+new+framework+for+its+AP+African+American+Studies+course&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/62824/the-college-board-releases-a-new-framework-for-its-ap-african-american-studies-course","authors":["byline_mindshift_62824"],"categories":["mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_21534","mindshift_913","mindshift_999","mindshift_21535","mindshift_21537"],"featImg":"mindshift_62825","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_62061":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_62061","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"62061","score":null,"sort":[1690192842000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"high-schoolers-account-for-nearly-1-in-5-community-college-students","title":"High schoolers account for nearly 1 in 5 community college students","publishDate":1690192842,"format":"standard","headTitle":"High schoolers account for nearly 1 in 5 community college students | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When you think of a college student, you might imagine a young adult leaving home, moving into a dorm, navigating a campus and maybe attending a fraternity party. That’s an outdated image. We’ve written a lot about how older adults with jobs and children are a giant group on campus. But a more surprising species is spreading through the college registrar’s rolls: teenagers living at home, taking yellow buses to high school and maybe scrambling home before curfew.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The number of high schoolers taking college classes has been surging for more than two decades. In what is called dual enrollment, students simultaneously earn high school and college credits from a single class. These advanced college-level courses are no longer just for gifted students who have exhausted the high school course catalog. Now they’re a tool to encourage more Americans to enroll in college by giving them an early taste of post-secondary education and a head start with a few credits. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dual enrollment students were estimated at more than 1.4 million in the fall of 2022, and account for almost one out of five community college students. That’s according to estimates from the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center. Some scholars believe the total number could be much higher, perhaps 2 million students, when spring 2023 course taking is included. Dual enrollees appear to far outnumber the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://reports.collegeboard.org/ap-program-results/class-of-2022\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">1.1 million high school graduates in the class of 2022 who took at least one Advanced Placement\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> exam.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s meteoric,” said Brian An, a sociologist at the University of Iowa. “When I first started working in dual enrollment research in the mid 2000s, it was nowhere near these numbers. If you had told me 10 years ago that 20% of all community college students would be dual enrollment, I would have said that’s crazy talk.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Community colleges oversee roughly 70% of dual enrollments with four-year colleges running the remaining 30%. Students often don’t pay any college tuition for dual enrollment classes. In \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2019/2019176.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">most cases\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, high schoolers never step foot on a college campus; the class is taught in a high school classroom by a high school teacher. English composition and college algebra are popular.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 780px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62062\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/enrollment.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"780\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/enrollment.jpg 780w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/enrollment-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/enrollment-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The number of students 17 years old and under enrolled in a community college course increased sharply in the past 10 years. \u003ccite>(Source: Community College Research Center, January 2023)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students are flocking to these courses because they perceive that it’s easier to earn college credits through dual enrollment than through Advanced Placement, said University of Iowa’s An. With Advanced Placement, students have to score high enough on an exam to earn college credit. With dual enrollment, a passing grade is sufficient.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The sharp growth in dual enrollment has raised a lot of questions about course content and whether students are really producing college-level work. John Fink, an expert in dual enrollment at the Community College Research Center, acknowledged that quality is uneven. That’s not surprising when 80% of high schools are now offering these courses and there’s decentralized oversight among thousands of colleges around the country. But colleges that oversee these courses are trying to improve quality, Fink said. (The Community College Research Center is a unit of Teachers College, Columbia University. The Hechinger Report is also an independent news organization based at Teachers College, but the two entities are not affiliated.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"955\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2.png 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2-800x478.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2-1020x609.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2-160x96.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2-768x458.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2-1536x917.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More high school students are taking dual enrollment classes, and fewer traditional students are attending community colleges. \u003ccite>(Source: Community College Research Center, January 2023)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite concerns about course rigor, research points to better outcomes for students. Between similar students with comparable grades and family backgrounds, the student who takes a dual enrollment class is more likely to graduate high school, enroll in college and earn a college degree, many studies have found. In 2017, the What Works Clearinghouse, a unit of the Department of Education that reviews education research, gave dual enrollment its stamp of approval with a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/EvidenceSnapshot/671\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">strong level of evidence\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In qualitative research interviews, students described how dual enrollment courses taught them how to take notes or study for a test, helping them feel more prepared for college. Much of the benefit may be in boosting a student’s confidence and soft skills, and not necessarily in teaching academic content, University of Iowa’s An explained.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A big downside to dual enrollment is that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cherp.utah.edu/_resources/documents/publications/research_priorities_for_advancing_equitable_dual_enrollment_policy_and_practice.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">students of color are underrepresented\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. That’s an ironic outcome given that advocates, including the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, pushed the expansion of these programs to help promote college going and attainment among Black and Hispanic students. Only one fifth of high schools have managed to enroll Black and Hispanic students in dual enrollment classes at the same or higher rates as white students, Fink said. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">(The Gates Foundation is among the many funders of The Hechinger Report.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another reason for the rapid expansion of dual enrollment may be financial. Dual enrollment courses are money losers for many community colleges, according to Fink at the Community College Research Center. That’s because colleges receive a discounted per-pupil allotment for each high schooler who signs up. Each state funds dual enrollment differently, often through a combination of state and school district budgets. Sometimes families need to contribute too, but it tends to be a lot cheaper than a usual college course.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But colleges can turn dual enrollment programs into a modest money maker when they serve more students, according to a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/media/k2/attachments/community-colleges-afford-dual-enrollment-discount.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">February 2023 analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by the Community College Research Center. Once fixed costs are covered, each additional student means an increase in revenues. For example, adding an additional high school teacher to an existing instructor training program isn’t very costly and could open up dozens more student slots, each generating income that flows to the college.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The reason that dual enrollments have become such a big slice of community colleges’ offerings is not only because more high school students are taking these courses, but also because fewer traditional students want to attend community colleges. When the pandemic hit in 2020, there were shocking double digit drops in enrollment at community colleges. Dual enrollment classes at many high schools temporarily shut down too, but they dramatically rebounded in 2022-23. Meanwhile, traditional students haven’t been returning to community colleges in large numbers, thanks to a strong job market. High school students even make up the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/the-reckoning-is-here-more-than-a-third-of-community-college-students-have-vanished/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">majority of students at 31 community colleges\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, my colleague Jon Marcus found.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Precise numbers on exactly how many high schoolers are taking dual enrollment classes are hard to come by. The best data is from the National Student Clearinghouse, which receives enrollment data from most colleges in the country. But colleges report only the ages of their students and not whether they have finished high school. The estimates for dual enrollees are based on students 17 years and under and cross-checked against high school records available to the National Student Clearinghouse. We should get a clearer picture next year when the Department of Education is expected to release a more accurate report on the numbers, broken down by race and ethnicity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This story about \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-high-schoolers-account-for-nearly-1-out-of-every-5-community-college-students/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">dual enrollment classes\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was written by Jill Barshay and produced by \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/special-reports/higher-education/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proofpoints/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Proof Points\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and other \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/newsletters/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hechinger newsletters\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Dual enrollment far exceeds the popularity of Advanced Placement courses.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1690044632,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":1264},"headData":{"title":"High schoolers account for nearly 1 in 5 community college students | KQED","description":"Dual enrollment far exceeds the popularity of Advanced Placement courses.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Dual enrollment far exceeds the popularity of Advanced Placement courses.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"High schoolers account for nearly 1 in 5 community college students","datePublished":"2023-07-24T10:00:42.000Z","dateModified":"2023-07-22T16:50:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"nprByline":"Jill Barshay, \u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/62061/high-schoolers-account-for-nearly-1-in-5-community-college-students","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When you think of a college student, you might imagine a young adult leaving home, moving into a dorm, navigating a campus and maybe attending a fraternity party. That’s an outdated image. We’ve written a lot about how older adults with jobs and children are a giant group on campus. But a more surprising species is spreading through the college registrar’s rolls: teenagers living at home, taking yellow buses to high school and maybe scrambling home before curfew.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The number of high schoolers taking college classes has been surging for more than two decades. In what is called dual enrollment, students simultaneously earn high school and college credits from a single class. These advanced college-level courses are no longer just for gifted students who have exhausted the high school course catalog. Now they’re a tool to encourage more Americans to enroll in college by giving them an early taste of post-secondary education and a head start with a few credits. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dual enrollment students were estimated at more than 1.4 million in the fall of 2022, and account for almost one out of five community college students. That’s according to estimates from the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center. Some scholars believe the total number could be much higher, perhaps 2 million students, when spring 2023 course taking is included. Dual enrollees appear to far outnumber the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://reports.collegeboard.org/ap-program-results/class-of-2022\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">1.1 million high school graduates in the class of 2022 who took at least one Advanced Placement\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> exam.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s meteoric,” said Brian An, a sociologist at the University of Iowa. “When I first started working in dual enrollment research in the mid 2000s, it was nowhere near these numbers. If you had told me 10 years ago that 20% of all community college students would be dual enrollment, I would have said that’s crazy talk.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Community colleges oversee roughly 70% of dual enrollments with four-year colleges running the remaining 30%. Students often don’t pay any college tuition for dual enrollment classes. In \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2019/2019176.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">most cases\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, high schoolers never step foot on a college campus; the class is taught in a high school classroom by a high school teacher. English composition and college algebra are popular.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 780px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62062\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/enrollment.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"780\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/enrollment.jpg 780w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/enrollment-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/enrollment-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The number of students 17 years old and under enrolled in a community college course increased sharply in the past 10 years. \u003ccite>(Source: Community College Research Center, January 2023)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students are flocking to these courses because they perceive that it’s easier to earn college credits through dual enrollment than through Advanced Placement, said University of Iowa’s An. With Advanced Placement, students have to score high enough on an exam to earn college credit. With dual enrollment, a passing grade is sufficient.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The sharp growth in dual enrollment has raised a lot of questions about course content and whether students are really producing college-level work. John Fink, an expert in dual enrollment at the Community College Research Center, acknowledged that quality is uneven. That’s not surprising when 80% of high schools are now offering these courses and there’s decentralized oversight among thousands of colleges around the country. But colleges that oversee these courses are trying to improve quality, Fink said. (The Community College Research Center is a unit of Teachers College, Columbia University. The Hechinger Report is also an independent news organization based at Teachers College, but the two entities are not affiliated.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"955\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2.png 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2-800x478.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2-1020x609.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2-160x96.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2-768x458.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-2-1536x917.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More high school students are taking dual enrollment classes, and fewer traditional students are attending community colleges. \u003ccite>(Source: Community College Research Center, January 2023)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite concerns about course rigor, research points to better outcomes for students. Between similar students with comparable grades and family backgrounds, the student who takes a dual enrollment class is more likely to graduate high school, enroll in college and earn a college degree, many studies have found. In 2017, the What Works Clearinghouse, a unit of the Department of Education that reviews education research, gave dual enrollment its stamp of approval with a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/EvidenceSnapshot/671\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">strong level of evidence\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In qualitative research interviews, students described how dual enrollment courses taught them how to take notes or study for a test, helping them feel more prepared for college. Much of the benefit may be in boosting a student’s confidence and soft skills, and not necessarily in teaching academic content, University of Iowa’s An explained.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A big downside to dual enrollment is that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cherp.utah.edu/_resources/documents/publications/research_priorities_for_advancing_equitable_dual_enrollment_policy_and_practice.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">students of color are underrepresented\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. That’s an ironic outcome given that advocates, including the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, pushed the expansion of these programs to help promote college going and attainment among Black and Hispanic students. Only one fifth of high schools have managed to enroll Black and Hispanic students in dual enrollment classes at the same or higher rates as white students, Fink said. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">(The Gates Foundation is among the many funders of The Hechinger Report.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another reason for the rapid expansion of dual enrollment may be financial. Dual enrollment courses are money losers for many community colleges, according to Fink at the Community College Research Center. That’s because colleges receive a discounted per-pupil allotment for each high schooler who signs up. Each state funds dual enrollment differently, often through a combination of state and school district budgets. Sometimes families need to contribute too, but it tends to be a lot cheaper than a usual college course.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But colleges can turn dual enrollment programs into a modest money maker when they serve more students, according to a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/media/k2/attachments/community-colleges-afford-dual-enrollment-discount.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">February 2023 analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by the Community College Research Center. Once fixed costs are covered, each additional student means an increase in revenues. For example, adding an additional high school teacher to an existing instructor training program isn’t very costly and could open up dozens more student slots, each generating income that flows to the college.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The reason that dual enrollments have become such a big slice of community colleges’ offerings is not only because more high school students are taking these courses, but also because fewer traditional students want to attend community colleges. When the pandemic hit in 2020, there were shocking double digit drops in enrollment at community colleges. Dual enrollment classes at many high schools temporarily shut down too, but they dramatically rebounded in 2022-23. Meanwhile, traditional students haven’t been returning to community colleges in large numbers, thanks to a strong job market. High school students even make up the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/the-reckoning-is-here-more-than-a-third-of-community-college-students-have-vanished/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">majority of students at 31 community colleges\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, my colleague Jon Marcus found.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Precise numbers on exactly how many high schoolers are taking dual enrollment classes are hard to come by. The best data is from the National Student Clearinghouse, which receives enrollment data from most colleges in the country. But colleges report only the ages of their students and not whether they have finished high school. The estimates for dual enrollees are based on students 17 years and under and cross-checked against high school records available to the National Student Clearinghouse. We should get a clearer picture next year when the Department of Education is expected to release a more accurate report on the numbers, broken down by race and ethnicity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This story about \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-high-schoolers-account-for-nearly-1-out-of-every-5-community-college-students/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">dual enrollment classes\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was written by Jill Barshay and produced by \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/special-reports/higher-education/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proofpoints/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Proof Points\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and other \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/newsletters/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hechinger newsletters\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/62061/high-schoolers-account-for-nearly-1-in-5-community-college-students","authors":["byline_mindshift_62061"],"categories":["mindshift_21504","mindshift_21694"],"tags":["mindshift_912","mindshift_913","mindshift_21305","mindshift_20966","mindshift_21723","mindshift_68"],"featImg":"mindshift_62067","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_60971":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_60971","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"60971","score":null,"sort":[1675735694000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"advanced-placement-debate-feels-high-stakes-for-teachers-of-african-american-history","title":"Advanced Placement debate feels high-stakes for teachers of African American history","publishDate":1675735694,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2023/2/2/23582771/advanced-placement-african-american-studies-black-history-college-board\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"canonical noopener\">originally published\u003c/a> by Chalkbeat. Sign up for their newsletters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/newsletters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ckbe.at/newsletters\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keziah Ridgeway has taught African American history at Northeast High School in Philadelphia for four years, calling it a “labor of love.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I say it is a labor because it is very daunting teaching African American history,” she said. “It’s a lot of trauma — a lot of events that can make you uncomfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Ridgeway added, “It’s something that needs to be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More teachers across the country are likely to confront this challenge in the years to come as the College Board rolls out its first Advanced Placement course in African American studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the course has been thrust into the political fray. Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis said the state’s schools wouldn’t teach the class, alleging that it violated a 2022 state law that restricts how race and racism are taught. \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://mobile.twitter.com/senmannydiazjr/status/1616565048767385601?s=12&t=LcwBTcSQxHlaXmggDCz_ww\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">He and other state officials pointed\u003c/a> to the inclusion of subjects like Black queer studies, the debate over reparations for slavery, and the Black Lives Matter movement in criticizing the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after the College Board released a final \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-african-american-studies-course-framework.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">curriculum framework\u003c/a> Wednesday that removed much of the criticized content, some protested that the course had been watered down — while educators who are piloting the class and others like it stressed the vital role it can play in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I compel anyone who has questions about this course to actually take the time to read the curriculum, spend time in classrooms, and talk to students,” said Melissa Tracy, a teacher at Odyssey Charter School in Delaware who is teaching a pilot version of the AP course this year. “What many students will tell you is, ‘This is the first time in my entire educational experience where I actually get to learn this content — because I was never taught it.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Green, a teacher at Bishop O’Dowd High School in Oakland, California who is participating in the pilot, said it’s a more comprehensive course than any high school class that has preceded it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the ideal situation for a teacher who’s teaching African American studies, because the resources have already been gathered,” said Green, who has taught Black history for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board has denied that DeSantis or any states influenced the revision process, saying the changes were \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/01/us/college-board-advanced-placement-african-american-studies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pedagogical and based on feedback from educators\u003c/a>, the New York Times reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curriculum revisions, especially to a new course, aren’t unusual, noted Tambra Jackson, a professor and dean of the School of Education at Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis who focuses on social justice in education. The College Board’s process of convening scholars and teachers at the high school and college levels to construct the course wasn’t unusual either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this would have happened without the political fanfare, we might not be giving it that much attention,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is different now is the intensity of the Republicans’ focus on \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2022/9/23/23367419/school-censorship-race-lgbtq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how race and gender are taught in schools\u003c/a>, and the way figures like DeSantis have turned critiques more often hashed out in state standards committee hearings into a political spectacle. Eighteen states have legislated or imposed changes to how race and racism can be taught since January 2021, according to \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/map-where-critical-race-theory-is-under-attack/2021/06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Education Week’s tracker\u003c/a>. Many have also restricted discussion of sexism and LGBTQ content. Schools also have faced \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/12/books/book-bans-libraries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new wave of challenges\u003c/a> to the availability of school library books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The political context where we’re in right now — there is this very direct, extreme focus on any kind of social awareness, on any kind of social action that focuses on how human beings in this country have been dehumanized, and there is an attempt to water down that history,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of all of that, on Feb. 1, the first day of Black History Month, the announcement that this curriculum has been revised, and the revision excludes really important, key people and thought leaders — it is disheartening,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The curriculum framework for an AP course is in many ways a particularly vulnerable target for political opposition, since it is a rare piece of public schooling in America that is nationally standardized. Generally state bodies adopt standards that guide teaching of various subjects, while local school districts and school leaders choose textbooks and curriculum, and individual teachers make daily choices about what materials to use and topics to emphasize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Textbooks in California and Texas, for example, \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/01/12/us/texas-vs-california-history-textbooks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vary in their treatment\u003c/a> of topics like Reconstruction, the period immediately following the Civil War. And debates about topics like sex education, climate change, and evolution have flared in parts of the country for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a number of cities, including Newark and Philadelphia, African American history is a curriculum staple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia has \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://philadelphia.chalkbeat.org/2022/3/8/22967115/philadelphia-public-schools-african-american-history-course-update-critical-race-theory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">required all students\u003c/a> to take an African American history course since 2005 in order to graduate. There, officials don’t shy away from teaching upsetting history. The district’s soon-to-be-updated curriculum will include a unit on one of the most fraught racial incidents in the history of Philadelphia: the city’s standoffs with Black activists who were part of the MOVE organization. In 1978 a \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/stories/move\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">police officer was killed\u003c/a> in a shootout; in 1985, the \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/8/8/20747198/philadelphia-bombing-1985-move\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bombing \u003c/a>of the MOVE house by the police resulted in the deaths of 11 people, including children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our official position is that we encourage teachers to approach controversial issues in the classroom,” said Ismael Jimenez, the district’s director of social studies curriculum who taught history in the district, including that course, for 12 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established courses in many districts emerged from decades of activism and come with their own history of debate about how they should be taught. Last year, Detroit’s public school district chose new curriculum materials for its elective African American history course that the superintendent \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://detroit.chalkbeat.org/2022/6/13/23163676/detroit-school-district-black-history-365-curriculum-social-studies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">noted\u003c/a> emphasized “strength, joy and achievement,” without the frequent overemphasis on slavery as the starting point of Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Newark, New Jersey, where a 2002 state law required the teaching of African American history, the district didn’t offer a complete \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://newark.chalkbeat.org/2022/5/12/23068537/newark-curriculum-african-american-history-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">middle and high school curriculum\u003c/a> on the subject until 2021 – nearly 20 years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bashir Muhammad Ptah Akinyele teaches history and Africana studies at Weequahic High School in Newark and now uses the district’s Amistad curriculum. “I’m appreciative of the conversation. I think it’s needed,” he said of the debate about the AP course content. “But it’s not something new.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether to give space to figures some find radical is always a piece of that discussion, even in places with legal protections, he said. In other states, he knows those battles are even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a struggle to factually document the history of Black people in this country,” he said. Often when schools introduce the subject, he said, “They want something safe, comfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green said he wasn’t surprised to see the course spark national backlash, adding that historically, introducing an African American studies curriculum has “always been a struggle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to student movements in the late 1960s, where protestors clashed with university officials and police in an effort to establish ethnic studies programs. “It was definitely attacked,” he said of African American studies at the time, adding the efforts came under fire from local conservative leaders. “There was bloodshed behind the introduction of that curriculum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board’s new curriculum suggests that many of the topics now gone from the course framework can still be the focus of student projects — with a sample list of topics including, for example, “Gay life and expression in Black communities,” and “Reparations debates in the U.S./ the Americas.” Tracy and Green, who are teaching the pilot AP course, both noted that a curriculum doesn’t dictate every move teachers make in a classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a lot of built-in flexibility,” Tracy said. “Although there may not be a very specific lesson on Black Lives Matter, there still is an opportunity for students to research it. And at the end of the day, I don’t know how you can \u003ci>not\u003c/i> talk about it. How do you talk about the Black freedom struggle without talking about Black Lives Matter?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Jackson, Ridgeway, and others, the revisions remain disappointing — and suggest the organization folded to political influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a long time, before cities and school districts began to teach ethnic studies and African American history, our students were subjected to a history that was very much whitewashed,” Ridgeway said. “Removing these things is unacceptable. It waters down our history and it hides the truth from our students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is still heartening, Jackson said, is that the years ahead could see more students than ever getting a deep exposure to the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that we now have an AP African American history course, I think it’s a wonderful thing,” she said. “I think students will take it, they will be engaged, they will be excited about the content, they will share it with their friends, and their friends will want to take it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people have access, it opens up new curiosities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Dale Mezzacappa contributed reporting. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Julian Shen-Berro is a reporter covering national issues. Contact him at jshen-berro@chalkbeat.org.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2023/2/2/23582771/advanced-placement-african-american-studies-black-history-college-board\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"canonical noopener\">Chalkbeat\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news site covering public education.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new AP course has sparked debate on the teaching of African American history in schools, fueled in part by Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis. Teachers of the subject say the challenges of teaching the subject aren't new but its importance remains.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1675735971,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1658},"headData":{"title":"Advanced Placement debate feels high-stakes for teachers of African American history | KQED","description":"Teachers of African American history say the struggles of teaching the subject aren't new. But “It’s something that needs to be done.”","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Advanced Placement debate feels high-stakes for teachers of African American history","datePublished":"2023-02-07T02:08:14.000Z","dateModified":"2023-02-07T02:12:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"nprByline":"Julian Shen-Berro and Sarah Darville, \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/\" target=\"blank\">Chalkbeat\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/60971/advanced-placement-debate-feels-high-stakes-for-teachers-of-african-american-history","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2023/2/2/23582771/advanced-placement-african-american-studies-black-history-college-board\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"canonical noopener\">originally published\u003c/a> by Chalkbeat. Sign up for their newsletters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/newsletters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ckbe.at/newsletters\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keziah Ridgeway has taught African American history at Northeast High School in Philadelphia for four years, calling it a “labor of love.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I say it is a labor because it is very daunting teaching African American history,” she said. “It’s a lot of trauma — a lot of events that can make you uncomfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Ridgeway added, “It’s something that needs to be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More teachers across the country are likely to confront this challenge in the years to come as the College Board rolls out its first Advanced Placement course in African American studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the course has been thrust into the political fray. Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis said the state’s schools wouldn’t teach the class, alleging that it violated a 2022 state law that restricts how race and racism are taught. \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://mobile.twitter.com/senmannydiazjr/status/1616565048767385601?s=12&t=LcwBTcSQxHlaXmggDCz_ww\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">He and other state officials pointed\u003c/a> to the inclusion of subjects like Black queer studies, the debate over reparations for slavery, and the Black Lives Matter movement in criticizing the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after the College Board released a final \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-african-american-studies-course-framework.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">curriculum framework\u003c/a> Wednesday that removed much of the criticized content, some protested that the course had been watered down — while educators who are piloting the class and others like it stressed the vital role it can play in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I compel anyone who has questions about this course to actually take the time to read the curriculum, spend time in classrooms, and talk to students,” said Melissa Tracy, a teacher at Odyssey Charter School in Delaware who is teaching a pilot version of the AP course this year. “What many students will tell you is, ‘This is the first time in my entire educational experience where I actually get to learn this content — because I was never taught it.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Green, a teacher at Bishop O’Dowd High School in Oakland, California who is participating in the pilot, said it’s a more comprehensive course than any high school class that has preceded it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the ideal situation for a teacher who’s teaching African American studies, because the resources have already been gathered,” said Green, who has taught Black history for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board has denied that DeSantis or any states influenced the revision process, saying the changes were \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/01/us/college-board-advanced-placement-african-american-studies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pedagogical and based on feedback from educators\u003c/a>, the New York Times reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curriculum revisions, especially to a new course, aren’t unusual, noted Tambra Jackson, a professor and dean of the School of Education at Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis who focuses on social justice in education. The College Board’s process of convening scholars and teachers at the high school and college levels to construct the course wasn’t unusual either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this would have happened without the political fanfare, we might not be giving it that much attention,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is different now is the intensity of the Republicans’ focus on \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2022/9/23/23367419/school-censorship-race-lgbtq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how race and gender are taught in schools\u003c/a>, and the way figures like DeSantis have turned critiques more often hashed out in state standards committee hearings into a political spectacle. Eighteen states have legislated or imposed changes to how race and racism can be taught since January 2021, according to \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/map-where-critical-race-theory-is-under-attack/2021/06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Education Week’s tracker\u003c/a>. Many have also restricted discussion of sexism and LGBTQ content. Schools also have faced \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/12/books/book-bans-libraries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new wave of challenges\u003c/a> to the availability of school library books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The political context where we’re in right now — there is this very direct, extreme focus on any kind of social awareness, on any kind of social action that focuses on how human beings in this country have been dehumanized, and there is an attempt to water down that history,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of all of that, on Feb. 1, the first day of Black History Month, the announcement that this curriculum has been revised, and the revision excludes really important, key people and thought leaders — it is disheartening,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The curriculum framework for an AP course is in many ways a particularly vulnerable target for political opposition, since it is a rare piece of public schooling in America that is nationally standardized. Generally state bodies adopt standards that guide teaching of various subjects, while local school districts and school leaders choose textbooks and curriculum, and individual teachers make daily choices about what materials to use and topics to emphasize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Textbooks in California and Texas, for example, \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/01/12/us/texas-vs-california-history-textbooks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vary in their treatment\u003c/a> of topics like Reconstruction, the period immediately following the Civil War. And debates about topics like sex education, climate change, and evolution have flared in parts of the country for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a number of cities, including Newark and Philadelphia, African American history is a curriculum staple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia has \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://philadelphia.chalkbeat.org/2022/3/8/22967115/philadelphia-public-schools-african-american-history-course-update-critical-race-theory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">required all students\u003c/a> to take an African American history course since 2005 in order to graduate. There, officials don’t shy away from teaching upsetting history. The district’s soon-to-be-updated curriculum will include a unit on one of the most fraught racial incidents in the history of Philadelphia: the city’s standoffs with Black activists who were part of the MOVE organization. In 1978 a \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/stories/move\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">police officer was killed\u003c/a> in a shootout; in 1985, the \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/8/8/20747198/philadelphia-bombing-1985-move\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bombing \u003c/a>of the MOVE house by the police resulted in the deaths of 11 people, including children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our official position is that we encourage teachers to approach controversial issues in the classroom,” said Ismael Jimenez, the district’s director of social studies curriculum who taught history in the district, including that course, for 12 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established courses in many districts emerged from decades of activism and come with their own history of debate about how they should be taught. Last year, Detroit’s public school district chose new curriculum materials for its elective African American history course that the superintendent \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://detroit.chalkbeat.org/2022/6/13/23163676/detroit-school-district-black-history-365-curriculum-social-studies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">noted\u003c/a> emphasized “strength, joy and achievement,” without the frequent overemphasis on slavery as the starting point of Black history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Newark, New Jersey, where a 2002 state law required the teaching of African American history, the district didn’t offer a complete \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://newark.chalkbeat.org/2022/5/12/23068537/newark-curriculum-african-american-history-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">middle and high school curriculum\u003c/a> on the subject until 2021 – nearly 20 years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bashir Muhammad Ptah Akinyele teaches history and Africana studies at Weequahic High School in Newark and now uses the district’s Amistad curriculum. “I’m appreciative of the conversation. I think it’s needed,” he said of the debate about the AP course content. “But it’s not something new.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether to give space to figures some find radical is always a piece of that discussion, even in places with legal protections, he said. In other states, he knows those battles are even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a struggle to factually document the history of Black people in this country,” he said. Often when schools introduce the subject, he said, “They want something safe, comfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green said he wasn’t surprised to see the course spark national backlash, adding that historically, introducing an African American studies curriculum has “always been a struggle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to student movements in the late 1960s, where protestors clashed with university officials and police in an effort to establish ethnic studies programs. “It was definitely attacked,” he said of African American studies at the time, adding the efforts came under fire from local conservative leaders. “There was bloodshed behind the introduction of that curriculum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board’s new curriculum suggests that many of the topics now gone from the course framework can still be the focus of student projects — with a sample list of topics including, for example, “Gay life and expression in Black communities,” and “Reparations debates in the U.S./ the Americas.” Tracy and Green, who are teaching the pilot AP course, both noted that a curriculum doesn’t dictate every move teachers make in a classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a lot of built-in flexibility,” Tracy said. “Although there may not be a very specific lesson on Black Lives Matter, there still is an opportunity for students to research it. And at the end of the day, I don’t know how you can \u003ci>not\u003c/i> talk about it. How do you talk about the Black freedom struggle without talking about Black Lives Matter?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Jackson, Ridgeway, and others, the revisions remain disappointing — and suggest the organization folded to political influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a long time, before cities and school districts began to teach ethnic studies and African American history, our students were subjected to a history that was very much whitewashed,” Ridgeway said. “Removing these things is unacceptable. It waters down our history and it hides the truth from our students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is still heartening, Jackson said, is that the years ahead could see more students than ever getting a deep exposure to the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that we now have an AP African American history course, I think it’s a wonderful thing,” she said. “I think students will take it, they will be engaged, they will be excited about the content, they will share it with their friends, and their friends will want to take it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people have access, it opens up new curiosities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Dale Mezzacappa contributed reporting. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Julian Shen-Berro is a reporter covering national issues. Contact him at jshen-berro@chalkbeat.org.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2023/2/2/23582771/advanced-placement-african-american-studies-black-history-college-board\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"canonical noopener\">Chalkbeat\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news site covering public education.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/60971/advanced-placement-debate-feels-high-stakes-for-teachers-of-african-american-history","authors":["byline_mindshift_60971"],"categories":["mindshift_21357"],"tags":["mindshift_912","mindshift_21534","mindshift_913","mindshift_999","mindshift_21537"],"featImg":"mindshift_60972","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_60879":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_60879","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"60879","score":null,"sort":[1674428364000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"whats-really-in-the-ap-african-american-studies-course-that-florida-rejected","title":"What’s really in the AP African American studies course that Florida rejected?","publishDate":1674428364,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Florida's Department of Education has rejected an Advanced Placement course covering African American Studies — saying the class indoctrinates students to \"a political agenda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As submitted, the course is a vehicle for a political agenda and leaves large, ambiguous gaps that can be filled with additional ideological material, which we will not allow,\" said Bryan Griffin, Gov. Ron DeSantis' press secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scholars who were involved in creating the curriculum say that's far from the truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's nothing particularly ideological about the course except that we value the experiences of African people in the United States,\" Christopher Tinson, the chair of the African American Studies department at Saint Louis University, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course is the latest addition to the AP program, which helps high school students earn college credit. The class is currently undergoing a pilot phase. Sixty schools were participating in that trial run, including at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/28/1119862835/a-teacher-pilots-new-african-american-studies-ap-course\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one high school in Florida\u003c/a>, But state officials have taken issue with the possibility that the course would teach about Black Lives Matter and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/12/1054889820/a-bill-to-study-reparations-for-slavery-had-momentum-in-congress-but-still-no-vo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the reparations movement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's rejection of the class comes as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/03/1077878538/legislation-restricts-what-teachers-can-discuss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wave of states\u003c/a> attempt to censor the topics of race and sexual orientation in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis has been particularly combative on this issue. In 2022, he signed the \"Stop WOKE\" Act, which — among other things — sets limits on how race may be taught in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's in the course\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The purpose of the class is to introduce students to the experiences and contributions of African Americans through a variety of lenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We didn't want to just focus on slavery, although slavery is a part of it,\" Tinson said. \"We wanted to give a comprehensive view of the culture, literature, historical development, political movements, social movements.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tinson said the course will explore the origins of the African diaspora to Reconstruction, the Harlem Renaissance, the Civil Rights movement, and then some. It will also examine historical trailblazers like \u003ca href=\"https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/valerie-thomas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Valerie Thomas\u003c/a>, a scientist who invented the illusion transmitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is particularly excited for students to have a fuller grasp of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/04/1012978325/what-the-haitian-revolution-tells-us-about-the-u-s-movement-for-racial-equality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Haitian revolution\u003c/a>, which Tinson argues tends to be underrepresented in history classes compared to the American and French revolutions despite being the most successful slave revolt in world history.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's not in the course\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Among the concerns that Florida officials have raised is whether the course will teach \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/02/1012696188/how-critical-race-theory-went-from-harvard-law-to-fox-news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">critical race theory\u003c/a>, the legal framework that argues racism is not just the product of individual bias, but is embedded in legal systems and policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Florida rejected an AP course filled with Critical Race Theory and other obvious violations of Florida law,\" Florida Education Commissioner Manny Diaz Jr. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenMannyDiazJr/status/1616565048767385601?s=20&t=r31HIHsyF9gCdilJv96gCA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote \u003c/a>on Twitter on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We proudly require the teaching of African American history. We do not accept woke indoctrination masquerading as education,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tinson denied accusations that the theory will be taught in the course. While the class will explore the issue of inequality, the framework itself is too advanced for high school students even in a college-level course, according to Tinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Precedent set by other classes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>African American studies is not the first time that the AP program has \u003ca href=\"https://apstudents.collegeboard.org/course-index-page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">offered\u003c/a> a class on a community's history and culture. In fact, there are courses on European history, German history and culture, Chinese history and culture, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, there's a standard and format to how these curriculums are shaped to serve the best interest of students. The College Board told NPR that the African American studies course has been nearly a decade in the making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reason why this is even an important area of study is because of the historical erasures from historical records in public schools of African experiences,\" Tinson said. \"This is one small step to resolve that gap.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Florida+says+AP+class+teaches+critical+race+theory.+Here%27s+what%27s+really+in+the+course&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Florida rejected an Advancement Placement course on African American studies, saying it's \"filled with\" critical race theory. But scholars who helped create the course say it's not in lesson plans.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1674501072,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":652},"headData":{"title":"What’s really in the AP African American studies course that Florida rejected? - MindShift","description":"Florida says an Advancement Placement course is "filled with" critical race theory. Scholars who helped create the course say that's not in lesson plans.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What’s really in the AP African American studies course that Florida rejected?","datePublished":"2023-01-22T22:59:24.000Z","dateModified":"2023-01-23T19:11:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"nprImageCredit":"Octavio Jones","nprByline":"Juliana Kim","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1150259944","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1150259944&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/22/1150259944/florida-rejects-ap-class-african-american-studies?ft=nprml&f=1150259944","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sun, 22 Jan 2023 09:16:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 22 Jan 2023 09:16:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sun, 22 Jan 2023 09:16:00 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/60879/whats-really-in-the-ap-african-american-studies-course-that-florida-rejected","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Florida's Department of Education has rejected an Advanced Placement course covering African American Studies — saying the class indoctrinates students to \"a political agenda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As submitted, the course is a vehicle for a political agenda and leaves large, ambiguous gaps that can be filled with additional ideological material, which we will not allow,\" said Bryan Griffin, Gov. Ron DeSantis' press secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scholars who were involved in creating the curriculum say that's far from the truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's nothing particularly ideological about the course except that we value the experiences of African people in the United States,\" Christopher Tinson, the chair of the African American Studies department at Saint Louis University, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course is the latest addition to the AP program, which helps high school students earn college credit. The class is currently undergoing a pilot phase. Sixty schools were participating in that trial run, including at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/28/1119862835/a-teacher-pilots-new-african-american-studies-ap-course\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one high school in Florida\u003c/a>, But state officials have taken issue with the possibility that the course would teach about Black Lives Matter and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/12/1054889820/a-bill-to-study-reparations-for-slavery-had-momentum-in-congress-but-still-no-vo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the reparations movement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's rejection of the class comes as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/03/1077878538/legislation-restricts-what-teachers-can-discuss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wave of states\u003c/a> attempt to censor the topics of race and sexual orientation in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis has been particularly combative on this issue. In 2022, he signed the \"Stop WOKE\" Act, which — among other things — sets limits on how race may be taught in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's in the course\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The purpose of the class is to introduce students to the experiences and contributions of African Americans through a variety of lenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We didn't want to just focus on slavery, although slavery is a part of it,\" Tinson said. \"We wanted to give a comprehensive view of the culture, literature, historical development, political movements, social movements.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tinson said the course will explore the origins of the African diaspora to Reconstruction, the Harlem Renaissance, the Civil Rights movement, and then some. It will also examine historical trailblazers like \u003ca href=\"https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/valerie-thomas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Valerie Thomas\u003c/a>, a scientist who invented the illusion transmitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is particularly excited for students to have a fuller grasp of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/04/1012978325/what-the-haitian-revolution-tells-us-about-the-u-s-movement-for-racial-equality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Haitian revolution\u003c/a>, which Tinson argues tends to be underrepresented in history classes compared to the American and French revolutions despite being the most successful slave revolt in world history.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's not in the course\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Among the concerns that Florida officials have raised is whether the course will teach \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/02/1012696188/how-critical-race-theory-went-from-harvard-law-to-fox-news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">critical race theory\u003c/a>, the legal framework that argues racism is not just the product of individual bias, but is embedded in legal systems and policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Florida rejected an AP course filled with Critical Race Theory and other obvious violations of Florida law,\" Florida Education Commissioner Manny Diaz Jr. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenMannyDiazJr/status/1616565048767385601?s=20&t=r31HIHsyF9gCdilJv96gCA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote \u003c/a>on Twitter on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We proudly require the teaching of African American history. We do not accept woke indoctrination masquerading as education,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tinson denied accusations that the theory will be taught in the course. While the class will explore the issue of inequality, the framework itself is too advanced for high school students even in a college-level course, according to Tinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Precedent set by other classes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>African American studies is not the first time that the AP program has \u003ca href=\"https://apstudents.collegeboard.org/course-index-page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">offered\u003c/a> a class on a community's history and culture. In fact, there are courses on European history, German history and culture, Chinese history and culture, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, there's a standard and format to how these curriculums are shaped to serve the best interest of students. The College Board told NPR that the African American studies course has been nearly a decade in the making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reason why this is even an important area of study is because of the historical erasures from historical records in public schools of African experiences,\" Tinson said. \"This is one small step to resolve that gap.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Florida+says+AP+class+teaches+critical+race+theory.+Here%27s+what%27s+really+in+the+course&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/60879/whats-really-in-the-ap-african-american-studies-course-that-florida-rejected","authors":["byline_mindshift_60879"],"categories":["mindshift_21357"],"tags":["mindshift_21534","mindshift_913","mindshift_999","mindshift_21536","mindshift_21442","mindshift_21535","mindshift_21537"],"featImg":"mindshift_60880","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_48823":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_48823","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"48823","score":null,"sort":[1501528184000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ap-computer-science-principles-attracts-diverse-students-with-real-world-problems","title":"AP Computer Science Principles Attract Diverse Students With Real-World Problems","publishDate":1501528184,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>U.S. high schools got a high-tech update this past school year. Not by federal fiat or by state law, but largely at the hand of independent nonprofits, including one founded by twin brothers less than five years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board last fall introduced a new course and exam called AP Computer Science Principles. Eight years in the planning, it was the largest such course launch in history. While the existing AP Computer Science course focuses on the Java programming language, the new course is billed as a creative exploration of real-world problems. It's designed to appeal to people who might have assumed that computers were not for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in that sense, it's working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@codeorg/girls-set-ap-computer-science-record-skyrocketing-growth-outpaces-boys-41b7c01373a5\">figures just released\u003c/a>, from 2016 to 2017 the number of underrepresented minorities who took an AP Computer Science exam nearly tripled, from 8,283 to 22,199. The number of girls shot up from 12,642 to 29,708.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While significant, this increase was not enough for those two groups to reach parity. Only 1 in 5 of those taking AP CS last year were underrepresented minorities and about 1 in 4 were women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course opened doors on a school level as well. Maureen Reyes, the executive director of the AP program at the College Board, says that 100 new schools last year offered the new class as their first AP course ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How CS Principles was born\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The entire reason the new exam and course were created was to broaden participation in computer science,\" says Hadi Partovi, a tech entrepreneur and investor. That's also the mission of Code.org, the nonprofit Partovi started with his brother Ali. The organization first made a name for itself with \u003ca href=\"https://hourofcode.com/us\">Hour of Code\u003c/a>, a voluntary effort to introduce a single coding lesson that the organization says has now reached 100 million K-12 students around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Code.org, along with its Silicon Valley backers, is taking a leadership role in the rollout of AP CSP. It is one of eight authorized course providers; more than half of all schools teaching the course are using their curriculum. They've created a slick online production featuring interactive exercises and special guest stars. For example, Vint Cerf, one of the \"Fathers of the Internet,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dxcc6ycZ73M\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recorded a video\u003c/a> explaining how it works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board, Code.org and other authorized providers are also training teachers to facilitate the course. Hundreds of them, not necessarily from STEM disciplines. \"We are by far the largest player in creating new computer science teachers,\" Partovi claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Code.org trained 500 teachers last year, and plans to train another 900 this year, with a blend of in-person intensive workshops and online support. The group concentrates its programs in low-income areas. In all, says Reyes, the College Board prepared about 1,300 teachers last year, and its partners another 1,300, all to teach this one course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whenever a particular subject starts to be taught much more widely, there is a worry that it's going to be watered down. That's not the case with AP CSP, says Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course, developed with the help of the National Science Foundation, is patterned after introductory computer science classes at top colleges, she notes. In fact, in addition to Code.org, other authorized course materials come from the Beauty and Joy of Computing, a course taught at the University of California, Berkeley; and CS50, a Harvard course that is among the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2015/9/14/ec10-cs50-largest-enrollments/\">most popular\u003c/a> for freshmen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The new course is much more about making things, rather than answering multiple-choice questions,\" says Partovi. AP CSP requires students to submit a portfolio of original work. The only other regular AP course that does that is Studio Art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students learn about the structure of the Internet, data analysis and representation and making apps. AP CSP doesn't require a particular language. Instead, you can use a visual, drag-and-drop programming \"environment\" such as Scratch, which was originally designed for elementary school kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just imagine for a minute that there was an initiative to teach some other subject — say, Chinese — at the Advanced Placement level to tens of thousands more students next year, using teachers who don't speak Chinese themselves and copies of Rosetta Stone language software. Partovi says it works with CS because \"Our curriculum is designed to be a little more self-teaching. The teachers' job is to facilitate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now imagine that that initiative was led by, say, Chinese companies like Alibaba. Or that the fossil fuel industry led a successful push for an AP Petrochemistry course (the way they \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/07/11/535653913/heres-what-the-oil-industry-is-teaching-oklahomas-students\">fund science curricula\u003c/a> in states like Oklahoma.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry support has \"been a huge factor in the success of CSP,\" says Reyes, and that's a good thing. \"We're looking at a pretty innovative time where industry is stepping in to help education offer computer science to students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the promise of any AP course is that students will find what they learn to be worthwhile in the future — and that they will burnish college applications, of course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey Mudd College, a small private college in California that focuses on both engineering and liberal arts, is one of hundreds of colleges that have agreed to recognize AP CSP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey Mudd freshmen who have taken either AP CS course can choose to track into the more advanced version of the required freshman CS course. The college's president, Maria Klawe, is on the advisory board of Code.Org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I love the new AP CS Principles course,\" she says. \"It's very similar to the course we put together for every student at Harvey Mudd in the first semester. The whole idea was to let students see that what they're going to learn matters in life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tens+Of+Thousands+More+Women+And+Minorities+Are+Taking+Computer+Science&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Advanced Placement program has scored a win for diversity with the help of Silicon Valley.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1501529362,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":986},"headData":{"title":"AP Computer Science Principles Attract Diverse Students With Real-World Problems | KQED","description":"The Advanced Placement program has scored a win for diversity with the help of Silicon Valley.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"AP Computer Science Principles Attract Diverse Students With Real-World Problems","datePublished":"2017-07-31T19:09:44.000Z","dateModified":"2017-07-31T19:29:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"48823 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=48823","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/07/31/ap-computer-science-principles-attracts-diverse-students-with-real-world-problems/","disqusTitle":"AP Computer Science Principles Attract Diverse Students With Real-World Problems","nprByline":"Anya Kamenetz","nprImageAgency":"LA Johnson/NPR","nprStoryId":"539853090","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=539853090&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/2017/07/31/539853090/tens-of-thousands-more-women-and-minorities-are-taking-computer-science?ft=nprml&f=539853090","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 31 Jul 2017 06:11:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 31 Jul 2017 06:11:25 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 31 Jul 2017 06:11:25 -0400","path":"/mindshift/48823/ap-computer-science-principles-attracts-diverse-students-with-real-world-problems","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. high schools got a high-tech update this past school year. Not by federal fiat or by state law, but largely at the hand of independent nonprofits, including one founded by twin brothers less than five years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board last fall introduced a new course and exam called AP Computer Science Principles. Eight years in the planning, it was the largest such course launch in history. While the existing AP Computer Science course focuses on the Java programming language, the new course is billed as a creative exploration of real-world problems. It's designed to appeal to people who might have assumed that computers were not for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in that sense, it's working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@codeorg/girls-set-ap-computer-science-record-skyrocketing-growth-outpaces-boys-41b7c01373a5\">figures just released\u003c/a>, from 2016 to 2017 the number of underrepresented minorities who took an AP Computer Science exam nearly tripled, from 8,283 to 22,199. The number of girls shot up from 12,642 to 29,708.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While significant, this increase was not enough for those two groups to reach parity. Only 1 in 5 of those taking AP CS last year were underrepresented minorities and about 1 in 4 were women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course opened doors on a school level as well. Maureen Reyes, the executive director of the AP program at the College Board, says that 100 new schools last year offered the new class as their first AP course ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How CS Principles was born\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The entire reason the new exam and course were created was to broaden participation in computer science,\" says Hadi Partovi, a tech entrepreneur and investor. That's also the mission of Code.org, the nonprofit Partovi started with his brother Ali. The organization first made a name for itself with \u003ca href=\"https://hourofcode.com/us\">Hour of Code\u003c/a>, a voluntary effort to introduce a single coding lesson that the organization says has now reached 100 million K-12 students around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Code.org, along with its Silicon Valley backers, is taking a leadership role in the rollout of AP CSP. It is one of eight authorized course providers; more than half of all schools teaching the course are using their curriculum. They've created a slick online production featuring interactive exercises and special guest stars. For example, Vint Cerf, one of the \"Fathers of the Internet,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dxcc6ycZ73M\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recorded a video\u003c/a> explaining how it works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The College Board, Code.org and other authorized providers are also training teachers to facilitate the course. Hundreds of them, not necessarily from STEM disciplines. \"We are by far the largest player in creating new computer science teachers,\" Partovi claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Code.org trained 500 teachers last year, and plans to train another 900 this year, with a blend of in-person intensive workshops and online support. The group concentrates its programs in low-income areas. In all, says Reyes, the College Board prepared about 1,300 teachers last year, and its partners another 1,300, all to teach this one course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whenever a particular subject starts to be taught much more widely, there is a worry that it's going to be watered down. That's not the case with AP CSP, says Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course, developed with the help of the National Science Foundation, is patterned after introductory computer science classes at top colleges, she notes. In fact, in addition to Code.org, other authorized course materials come from the Beauty and Joy of Computing, a course taught at the University of California, Berkeley; and CS50, a Harvard course that is among the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2015/9/14/ec10-cs50-largest-enrollments/\">most popular\u003c/a> for freshmen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The new course is much more about making things, rather than answering multiple-choice questions,\" says Partovi. AP CSP requires students to submit a portfolio of original work. The only other regular AP course that does that is Studio Art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students learn about the structure of the Internet, data analysis and representation and making apps. AP CSP doesn't require a particular language. Instead, you can use a visual, drag-and-drop programming \"environment\" such as Scratch, which was originally designed for elementary school kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just imagine for a minute that there was an initiative to teach some other subject — say, Chinese — at the Advanced Placement level to tens of thousands more students next year, using teachers who don't speak Chinese themselves and copies of Rosetta Stone language software. Partovi says it works with CS because \"Our curriculum is designed to be a little more self-teaching. The teachers' job is to facilitate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now imagine that that initiative was led by, say, Chinese companies like Alibaba. Or that the fossil fuel industry led a successful push for an AP Petrochemistry course (the way they \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/07/11/535653913/heres-what-the-oil-industry-is-teaching-oklahomas-students\">fund science curricula\u003c/a> in states like Oklahoma.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry support has \"been a huge factor in the success of CSP,\" says Reyes, and that's a good thing. \"We're looking at a pretty innovative time where industry is stepping in to help education offer computer science to students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the promise of any AP course is that students will find what they learn to be worthwhile in the future — and that they will burnish college applications, of course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey Mudd College, a small private college in California that focuses on both engineering and liberal arts, is one of hundreds of colleges that have agreed to recognize AP CSP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey Mudd freshmen who have taken either AP CS course can choose to track into the more advanced version of the required freshman CS course. The college's president, Maria Klawe, is on the advisory board of Code.Org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I love the new AP CS Principles course,\" she says. \"It's very similar to the course we put together for every student at Harvey Mudd in the first semester. The whole idea was to let students see that what they're going to learn matters in life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tens+Of+Thousands+More+Women+And+Minorities+Are+Taking+Computer+Science&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/48823/ap-computer-science-principles-attracts-diverse-students-with-real-world-problems","authors":["byline_mindshift_48823"],"categories":["mindshift_194","mindshift_20639"],"tags":["mindshift_913","mindshift_981","mindshift_557","mindshift_20701","mindshift_1040"],"featImg":"mindshift_48824","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_23196":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_23196","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"23196","score":null,"sort":[1344451059000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-it-time-to-reconsider-ap-classes","title":"Is it Time to Reconsider AP Classes?","publishDate":1344451059,"format":"aside","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_23209\" class=\"module image aligncenter mceTemp mceIEcenter\" style=\"width: 500px\">\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/amitburst/4302925518/sizes/m/in/photostream/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23209\" title=\"4302925518_Refb1cc57ea\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/08/4302925518_efb1cc57ea.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/08/4302925518_efb1cc57ea.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/08/4302925518_efb1cc57ea-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/08/4302925518_efb1cc57ea-320x213.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-media-credit\">Flickr: Amitburst\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch5>By Katrina Schwartz\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Advanced Placement courses have long been the standard for high achievement in high school. The classes are modeled on college courses and are meant to represent the difficulty and breadth of material that students are expected to handle when they get to college. For that reason, some colleges give in-coming freshman credits or allow them to pass out of introductory courses if they score a three or above on the AP test (it’s scored from one to five).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many schools, AP classes \u003ca href=\"http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2012/07/12/advanced_placement_classes_more_popular_than_ever_among_areas_high_school_students/\">are more popular than ever\u003c/a>, as students seek a leg up in the competitive college admissions process. But now, some of the most elite schools in the country are opting out of the AP frenzy, saying they can design better and more rigorous courses on their own that won’t force them to adhere to someone else’s curriculum and timeline and force teachers to teach to the test. And, instead of replicating a college level course in high school, they say they can go one better – partnering with local colleges so their students get the real deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cp>“Our major complaint with the AP courses was that it was a race for breadth against depth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Our major complaint with the AP courses was that it was a race for breadth against depth,” explained Robert Vitalo, Head of School at Berkeley Carroll, a Brooklyn prep school that decided to completely do away with AP courses in the 2011-2012 school year. “We think the way of the world, the way to be teaching, the way that kids should be learning is to look at how subjects and questions and ideas are connected and related, and to take the time to make those connections and ask those questions and not to have it be a race to cover a lot of content.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To replace AP courses Berkeley Carroll has designed interdisciplinary courses like “The Physical Applications of Calculus,” a course that joins principles of both physics and calculus to uncover how they work together in the real world. Vitalo says they also still offer courses that can \u003c!--more-->sometimes look like the AP curriculum, in that they cover similar material and concepts, but now the teachers aren’t constrained by an outside calendar and test format while they teach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, rather than relying on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/about.html\">College Board\u003c/a> to be the arbiter of what qualifies as a college-level course, Berkeley Carroll makes it possible for its students to attend select classes at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.poly.edu/\">Polytechnic Institute of New York \u003c/a>to experience college offerings first hand. Vitalo says many of his students are particularly enjoying the intro to engineering class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Berkeley Carroll did not make the decision to move away from APs easily. Over many years, the staff studied the effectiveness of the courses and spoke with admissions counselors at top universities to make sure that nothing would be lost in the educational experience and to ensure that their students wouldn’t be penalized when applying to the country’s top universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really what colleges are interested in is that a student has taken the most rigorous coursework,” Vitalo said. Berkeley Carroll’s reputation and standing in the educational community assures universities that AP-replacement courses are indeed challenging. Plus, Vitalo says the kind of schools many of his students want to go to, like Williams and Amherst, require students who want to pass out of intro classes to \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alex-mallory/private-schools-ap-tests_b_823616.html\">pass additional proficiency exams\u003c/a> to prove that they meet the institution's high standards in a given subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vitalo said there’s a bigger reason to pull the plug on APs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One more transcript with three more AP courses looks like a thousand other transcripts,” he explained. “A transcript with good standardized test scores and interesting courses like American Studies or Science Writing, from a good school, with good results by a good student helps that student stand out more in the competitive admissions process.” Rather than hindering students, Vitalo sees the move away from APs as giving his students a leg up in application processes that are ever more competitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Berkeley Carroll isn’t the only school pursuing this path. The elite Urban School in San Francisco also chose not to offer AP courses, nor does Riverdale Country Day School in New York. “I think it's sort of an impoverished view of expecting kids to learn a bunch of stuff and parrot it back to you, and that’s the end of it,” said Dominic Rudolph, Head of School at Riverdale Country in a \u003ca href=\"http://fora.tv/2012/07/01/NBC_News_Education_Nation_Can_Character_Be_Taught\">talk at the Aspen Ideas Festival\u003c/a>. “These kids have to be better critical thinkers, they have to be better communicators,” he added. He doesn’t think passing the AP test necessarily gives them those skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Scarsdale High, an affluent public school in upstate New York did away with AP classes in 2007, the school superintendent said \"teachers felt driven to cover what was on the AP test, 'gaming' their classes by teaching with the test in mind,\" and that the teachers themselves asked for the change, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=3751960\">an article in Scholastic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the moment, it seems that the choice not to offer AP classes is happening in mostly affluent schools. Cash-strapped schools may not have the resources -- time or money -- to design and implement specialized courses that emphasize depth and work with nearby colleges and universities to incorporate college-level classes into the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even if schools did design highly rigorous, college-level classes, the fact that they don't have the AP stamp makes them harder to tout to college admissions. And for that reason, schools must decide between offering AP classes \u003cem>or\u003c/em> their own versions of those classes -- they can't have both. “If you have APs in your curriculum then everything else is judged not as rigorous,” said Riverdale's Dominic Rudolph. That means there’s no going half-way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opting away from AP classes is still the exception, and until all schools can create their own versions of rigorous, college-level classes, it may be the cheapest and easiest way to indicate high achievement.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1344487022,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":1064},"headData":{"title":"Is it Time to Reconsider AP Classes? | KQED","description":"Flickr: Amitburst By Katrina Schwartz Advanced Placement courses have long been the standard for high achievement in high school. The classes are modeled on college courses and are meant to represent the difficulty and breadth of material that students are expected to handle when they get to college. For that reason, some colleges give in-coming","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Is it Time to Reconsider AP Classes?","datePublished":"2012-08-08T18:37:39.000Z","dateModified":"2012-08-09T04:37:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"23196 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=23196","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/08/08/is-it-time-to-reconsider-ap-classes/","disqusTitle":"Is it Time to Reconsider AP Classes?","path":"/mindshift/23196/is-it-time-to-reconsider-ap-classes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_23209\" class=\"module image aligncenter mceTemp mceIEcenter\" style=\"width: 500px\">\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/amitburst/4302925518/sizes/m/in/photostream/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23209\" title=\"4302925518_Refb1cc57ea\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/08/4302925518_efb1cc57ea.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/08/4302925518_efb1cc57ea.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/08/4302925518_efb1cc57ea-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/08/4302925518_efb1cc57ea-320x213.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-media-credit\">Flickr: Amitburst\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch5>By Katrina Schwartz\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Advanced Placement courses have long been the standard for high achievement in high school. The classes are modeled on college courses and are meant to represent the difficulty and breadth of material that students are expected to handle when they get to college. For that reason, some colleges give in-coming freshman credits or allow them to pass out of introductory courses if they score a three or above on the AP test (it’s scored from one to five).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many schools, AP classes \u003ca href=\"http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2012/07/12/advanced_placement_classes_more_popular_than_ever_among_areas_high_school_students/\">are more popular than ever\u003c/a>, as students seek a leg up in the competitive college admissions process. But now, some of the most elite schools in the country are opting out of the AP frenzy, saying they can design better and more rigorous courses on their own that won’t force them to adhere to someone else’s curriculum and timeline and force teachers to teach to the test. And, instead of replicating a college level course in high school, they say they can go one better – partnering with local colleges so their students get the real deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cp>“Our major complaint with the AP courses was that it was a race for breadth against depth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Our major complaint with the AP courses was that it was a race for breadth against depth,” explained Robert Vitalo, Head of School at Berkeley Carroll, a Brooklyn prep school that decided to completely do away with AP courses in the 2011-2012 school year. “We think the way of the world, the way to be teaching, the way that kids should be learning is to look at how subjects and questions and ideas are connected and related, and to take the time to make those connections and ask those questions and not to have it be a race to cover a lot of content.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To replace AP courses Berkeley Carroll has designed interdisciplinary courses like “The Physical Applications of Calculus,” a course that joins principles of both physics and calculus to uncover how they work together in the real world. Vitalo says they also still offer courses that can \u003c!--more-->sometimes look like the AP curriculum, in that they cover similar material and concepts, but now the teachers aren’t constrained by an outside calendar and test format while they teach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, rather than relying on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/about.html\">College Board\u003c/a> to be the arbiter of what qualifies as a college-level course, Berkeley Carroll makes it possible for its students to attend select classes at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.poly.edu/\">Polytechnic Institute of New York \u003c/a>to experience college offerings first hand. Vitalo says many of his students are particularly enjoying the intro to engineering class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Berkeley Carroll did not make the decision to move away from APs easily. Over many years, the staff studied the effectiveness of the courses and spoke with admissions counselors at top universities to make sure that nothing would be lost in the educational experience and to ensure that their students wouldn’t be penalized when applying to the country’s top universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really what colleges are interested in is that a student has taken the most rigorous coursework,” Vitalo said. Berkeley Carroll’s reputation and standing in the educational community assures universities that AP-replacement courses are indeed challenging. Plus, Vitalo says the kind of schools many of his students want to go to, like Williams and Amherst, require students who want to pass out of intro classes to \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alex-mallory/private-schools-ap-tests_b_823616.html\">pass additional proficiency exams\u003c/a> to prove that they meet the institution's high standards in a given subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vitalo said there’s a bigger reason to pull the plug on APs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One more transcript with three more AP courses looks like a thousand other transcripts,” he explained. “A transcript with good standardized test scores and interesting courses like American Studies or Science Writing, from a good school, with good results by a good student helps that student stand out more in the competitive admissions process.” Rather than hindering students, Vitalo sees the move away from APs as giving his students a leg up in application processes that are ever more competitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Berkeley Carroll isn’t the only school pursuing this path. The elite Urban School in San Francisco also chose not to offer AP courses, nor does Riverdale Country Day School in New York. “I think it's sort of an impoverished view of expecting kids to learn a bunch of stuff and parrot it back to you, and that’s the end of it,” said Dominic Rudolph, Head of School at Riverdale Country in a \u003ca href=\"http://fora.tv/2012/07/01/NBC_News_Education_Nation_Can_Character_Be_Taught\">talk at the Aspen Ideas Festival\u003c/a>. “These kids have to be better critical thinkers, they have to be better communicators,” he added. He doesn’t think passing the AP test necessarily gives them those skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Scarsdale High, an affluent public school in upstate New York did away with AP classes in 2007, the school superintendent said \"teachers felt driven to cover what was on the AP test, 'gaming' their classes by teaching with the test in mind,\" and that the teachers themselves asked for the change, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=3751960\">an article in Scholastic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the moment, it seems that the choice not to offer AP classes is happening in mostly affluent schools. Cash-strapped schools may not have the resources -- time or money -- to design and implement specialized courses that emphasize depth and work with nearby colleges and universities to incorporate college-level classes into the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even if schools did design highly rigorous, college-level classes, the fact that they don't have the AP stamp makes them harder to tout to college admissions. And for that reason, schools must decide between offering AP classes \u003cem>or\u003c/em> their own versions of those classes -- they can't have both. “If you have APs in your curriculum then everything else is judged not as rigorous,” said Riverdale's Dominic Rudolph. That means there’s no going half-way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opting away from AP classes is still the exception, and until all schools can create their own versions of rigorous, college-level classes, it may be the cheapest and easiest way to indicate high achievement.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/23196/is-it-time-to-reconsider-ap-classes","authors":["4354"],"categories":["mindshift_194","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_912","mindshift_913"],"featImg":"mindshift_23209","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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