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This policy and the plight of hundreds of children still separated from their families, inspired many Americans to look closely at why so many asylum seekers from Central America are being detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/topics/11\">Visit KQED Learn to see our collection of classroom resources and student discussion prompts on this topic\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Above the Noise\u003c/em> video gives an overview of the asylum process today, and how it got started after World War II. With the horrors of the Holocaust still fresh, world leaders wanted to protect people in the event they had to flee their own countries. The 1951 U.N. treaty specifically protects refugees with a credible fear of persecution or torture by their own governments based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion or social group. In the United States, this means anyone with a credible fear can’t be immediately deported. If they arrive seeking asylum and prove they have a credible fear during a border screening, their case must be decided in an immigration court. This put asylum seekers in a different category than those crossing the border in search of work or a better life. Undocumented economic migrants can be immediately deported without a hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, gang violence rather than government persecution is driving many people out of the Northern Triangle of Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. But the two gangs threatening poor communities in those countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/central-americas-violent-northern-triangle\">got their start in American cities\u003c/a> like Los Angeles back in the 1980s. This year, the Trump administration told immigration courts to deny asylum claims of people escaping gangs. Gangs, some lawmakers argue, aren’t governments, so people escaping gang persecution can’t qualify for asylum. But asylum seekers say their own governments aren’t doing anything to stop gang-related murder, sexual assault and extortion--and they fear they and their families will be the next victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This most recent spike in asylum seekers from the Northern Triangle echoes an earlier spikes the late 1980s and in 1995 related to decades of violent conflict in the region. A sharp uptick in asylum seekers in 1989 is attributed to the Nicaraguan Revolution, which ended in 1990 after 11 years. The next big increase wasn’t until 1995 in the final days of a 36-year civil war in Guatemala and just three years after a 12-year civil war ended in El Salvador. Asylum seekers from Northern Triangle \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Yearbook_Immigration_Statistics_1997.pdf\">dropped significantly \u003c/a>in the late 1990s, from a high of 104,228 in 1995 to just 21,599 by 1997. Advocates say this shows that fear of violence drives Northern Triangle residents to leave their home countries, not economic opportunity or other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the graphic to learn more about the history of gangs like MS-13 and how decades-old immigration policies helped sow the seeds of violence plaguing the Northern Triangle. If you want to learn more after reading, check out this \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/how-the-u-s-fueled-the-rise-of-ms-13/\">article and documentary\u003c/a> from Frontline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XXfIvXj90FLVBNGlsRdGFq62xkf5stuBLtogszGUIuQ/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spanish language transcript\u003c/a> of the Above the Noise video is also available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-31054\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"4421\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg.png 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg-160x1141.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg-240x1711.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg-375x2674.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg-520x3708.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1559151067,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":545},"headData":{"title":"Why So Many Central Americans Are Seeking Asylum in the U.S. | KQED","description":"https://youtu.be/mQnem4VxlBQ This summer, the Trump administration ended its “zero tolerance” policy that separated children from their asylum-seeking parents at the southern border. This policy and the plight of hundreds of children still separated from their families, inspired many Americans to look closely at why so many asylum seekers from Central America are being detained. [Visit","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"31036 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=31036","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/08/31/why-so-many-people-in-the-northern-triangle-are-seeking-u-s-asylum/","disqusTitle":"Why So Many Central Americans Are Seeking Asylum in the U.S.","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/fYQCIphJhAk","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","path":"/lowdown/31036/why-so-many-people-in-the-northern-triangle-are-seeking-u-s-asylum","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/mQnem4VxlBQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/mQnem4VxlBQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>This summer, the Trump administration ended its “zero tolerance” policy that separated children from their asylum-seeking parents at the southern border. This policy and the plight of hundreds of children still separated from their families, inspired many Americans to look closely at why so many asylum seekers from Central America are being detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/topics/11\">Visit KQED Learn to see our collection of classroom resources and student discussion prompts on this topic\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Above the Noise\u003c/em> video gives an overview of the asylum process today, and how it got started after World War II. With the horrors of the Holocaust still fresh, world leaders wanted to protect people in the event they had to flee their own countries. The 1951 U.N. treaty specifically protects refugees with a credible fear of persecution or torture by their own governments based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion or social group. In the United States, this means anyone with a credible fear can’t be immediately deported. If they arrive seeking asylum and prove they have a credible fear during a border screening, their case must be decided in an immigration court. This put asylum seekers in a different category than those crossing the border in search of work or a better life. Undocumented economic migrants can be immediately deported without a hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, gang violence rather than government persecution is driving many people out of the Northern Triangle of Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. But the two gangs threatening poor communities in those countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/central-americas-violent-northern-triangle\">got their start in American cities\u003c/a> like Los Angeles back in the 1980s. This year, the Trump administration told immigration courts to deny asylum claims of people escaping gangs. Gangs, some lawmakers argue, aren’t governments, so people escaping gang persecution can’t qualify for asylum. But asylum seekers say their own governments aren’t doing anything to stop gang-related murder, sexual assault and extortion--and they fear they and their families will be the next victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This most recent spike in asylum seekers from the Northern Triangle echoes an earlier spikes the late 1980s and in 1995 related to decades of violent conflict in the region. A sharp uptick in asylum seekers in 1989 is attributed to the Nicaraguan Revolution, which ended in 1990 after 11 years. The next big increase wasn’t until 1995 in the final days of a 36-year civil war in Guatemala and just three years after a 12-year civil war ended in El Salvador. Asylum seekers from Northern Triangle \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Yearbook_Immigration_Statistics_1997.pdf\">dropped significantly \u003c/a>in the late 1990s, from a high of 104,228 in 1995 to just 21,599 by 1997. Advocates say this shows that fear of violence drives Northern Triangle residents to leave their home countries, not economic opportunity or other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the graphic to learn more about the history of gangs like MS-13 and how decades-old immigration policies helped sow the seeds of violence plaguing the Northern Triangle. If you want to learn more after reading, check out this \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/how-the-u-s-fueled-the-rise-of-ms-13/\">article and documentary\u003c/a> from Frontline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XXfIvXj90FLVBNGlsRdGFq62xkf5stuBLtogszGUIuQ/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spanish language transcript\u003c/a> of the Above the Noise video is also available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-31054\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"4421\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg.png 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg-160x1141.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg-240x1711.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg-375x2674.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/08/Iw3k5tYg-520x3708.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/31036/why-so-many-people-in-the-northern-triangle-are-seeking-u-s-asylum","authors":["7506","1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2618"],"tags":["lowdown_2661","lowdown_2662"],"featImg":"lowdown_31044","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_31030":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_31030","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"31030","score":null,"sort":[1534549069000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-cryptocurrency-really-the-future-of-money","title":"Is Cryptocurrency Really the Future of Money?","publishDate":1534549069,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>https://youtu.be/ng7xdsWR3N4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bitcoin is a form of electronic cash, or cryptocurrency, that was introduced in 2009. The first of its kind, it sparked a cryptocurrency revolution. More than a thousand new cryptocurrencies have been created since then, including popular alternatives Ethereum, Dash, Monero and Ripple. Like Bitcoin, they are incredibly volatile, which means their value rise and falls dramatically, sometimes even throughout a single day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/topics/9\">Visit KQED Learn to see our collection of classroom resources and student discussion prompts on this topic\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first\u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/bitcoin-pizza-day-passes-2000-20-million-2017-5\"> reported\u003c/a> payment using Bitcoin was for two Papa John’s pizzas for 10,000 bitcoins in 2010, equivalent to about $25 then. Today, 10,000 bitcoin would be worth more than $60 million!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bitcoin’s popularity is partly due to the nature of the payment system, which is anonymous, decentralized and can be used across borders. In contrast to online payment systems like Paypal, personal identities are not directly traceable on the Bitcoin network, making it an ideal method to buy illegal items online, like drugs and weapons.\u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com.au/australian-researchers-used-the-dark-web-to-track-the-illegal-use-of-bitcoins-2017-12\"> One study\u003c/a> estimates that around half of all transactions using Bitcoin are for illegal goods and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This also makes it pretty difficult to gather reliable information on who and where Bitcoin is actually used. And although the data varies widely, the most reliable research to date estimates that nowadays over\u003ca href=\"http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/study-highlights-growing-significance-of-cryptocurrencies\"> three million people\u003c/a> worldwide actively use cryptocurrencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total number of transactions is disputed, however researchers have developed complicated models to estimate activity on Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency networks. One\u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2808762\"> study\u003c/a> from 2016 found that activities on Bitcoin have evolved over the years; illegal trade and online gambling activities were dominant in the early days (2010-2013), while investments and other legal activities have recently become more common with growing awareness and trust of cryptocurrencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charts below show estimates on how much Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are worth and roughly how many people use them worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/1-Bitcoin-Value.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/1-Bitcoin-Value.jpg\" alt=\"Value of One Bitcoin\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/2-Value-Context.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/2-Value-Context.jpg\" alt=\"Bitcoin Value Over the Years\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/3-Bitcoin-Income.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/3-Bitcoin-Income.jpg\" alt=\"What Is Bitcoin Used For?\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/4-Bitcoin-Users.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/4-Bitcoin-Users.jpg\" alt=\"How many people use Bitcoin\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/5-Top-Crypto.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/5-Top-Crypto.jpg\" alt=\"Top Five Cryptocurrencies\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/6-Total-Mined.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/6-Total-Mined.jpg\" alt=\"Number of Bitcoins Mined\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1537487293,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":337},"headData":{"title":"Is Cryptocurrency Really the Future of Money? | KQED","description":"https://youtu.be/ng7xdsWR3N4 Bitcoin is a form of electronic cash, or cryptocurrency, that was introduced in 2009. The first of its kind, it sparked a cryptocurrency revolution. More than a thousand new cryptocurrencies have been created since then, including popular alternatives Ethereum, Dash, Monero and Ripple. Like Bitcoin, they are incredibly volatile, which means their value rise","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"31030 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=31030","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/08/17/is-cryptocurrency-really-the-future-of-money/","disqusTitle":"Is Cryptocurrency Really the Future of Money?","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/fYQCIphJhAk","path":"/lowdown/31030/is-cryptocurrency-really-the-future-of-money","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ng7xdsWR3N4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ng7xdsWR3N4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Bitcoin is a form of electronic cash, or cryptocurrency, that was introduced in 2009. The first of its kind, it sparked a cryptocurrency revolution. More than a thousand new cryptocurrencies have been created since then, including popular alternatives Ethereum, Dash, Monero and Ripple. Like Bitcoin, they are incredibly volatile, which means their value rise and falls dramatically, sometimes even throughout a single day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/topics/9\">Visit KQED Learn to see our collection of classroom resources and student discussion prompts on this topic\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first\u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/bitcoin-pizza-day-passes-2000-20-million-2017-5\"> reported\u003c/a> payment using Bitcoin was for two Papa John’s pizzas for 10,000 bitcoins in 2010, equivalent to about $25 then. Today, 10,000 bitcoin would be worth more than $60 million!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bitcoin’s popularity is partly due to the nature of the payment system, which is anonymous, decentralized and can be used across borders. In contrast to online payment systems like Paypal, personal identities are not directly traceable on the Bitcoin network, making it an ideal method to buy illegal items online, like drugs and weapons.\u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com.au/australian-researchers-used-the-dark-web-to-track-the-illegal-use-of-bitcoins-2017-12\"> One study\u003c/a> estimates that around half of all transactions using Bitcoin are for illegal goods and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This also makes it pretty difficult to gather reliable information on who and where Bitcoin is actually used. And although the data varies widely, the most reliable research to date estimates that nowadays over\u003ca href=\"http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/study-highlights-growing-significance-of-cryptocurrencies\"> three million people\u003c/a> worldwide actively use cryptocurrencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total number of transactions is disputed, however researchers have developed complicated models to estimate activity on Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency networks. One\u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2808762\"> study\u003c/a> from 2016 found that activities on Bitcoin have evolved over the years; illegal trade and online gambling activities were dominant in the early days (2010-2013), while investments and other legal activities have recently become more common with growing awareness and trust of cryptocurrencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charts below show estimates on how much Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are worth and roughly how many people use them worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/1-Bitcoin-Value.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/1-Bitcoin-Value.jpg\" alt=\"Value of One Bitcoin\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/2-Value-Context.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/2-Value-Context.jpg\" alt=\"Bitcoin Value Over the Years\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/3-Bitcoin-Income.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/3-Bitcoin-Income.jpg\" alt=\"What Is Bitcoin Used For?\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/4-Bitcoin-Users.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/4-Bitcoin-Users.jpg\" alt=\"How many people use Bitcoin\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/5-Top-Crypto.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/5-Top-Crypto.jpg\" alt=\"Top Five Cryptocurrencies\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/6-Total-Mined.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2018/08/6-Total-Mined.jpg\" alt=\"Number of Bitcoins Mined\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/31030/is-cryptocurrency-really-the-future-of-money","authors":["8658"],"categories":["lowdown_2618"],"tags":["lowdown_2660","lowdown_150"],"featImg":"lowdown_31031","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_31020":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_31020","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"31020","score":null,"sort":[1527895532000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"americas-never-ending-gun-fight","title":"Inside America's Never-Ending Gun Fight","publishDate":1527895532,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>https://youtu.be/gkshKDYOx80\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter what your position on gun rights and gun control, most people can at least agree that the United States has a pretty serious gun violence problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our latest Above the Noise video points out, the rate of gun-related suicides and homicides in this country far outpaces that of any other high-income nation in the world. Every year roughly 35,000 people are killed by firearms (in 2016, it was more than 38,000). It’s become one of the leading causes of preventable death in the country; almost as common as auto-related deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/topics/9\">Visit KQED Learn to see our collection of classroom resources and student discussion prompts on this topic\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, U.S. lawmakers can’t seem to come to a consensus on how to proactively address the issue. For years, despite ongoing high-profile mass shootings, Congress has failed to enact any new regulations aimed at limiting the number of gun deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1YrSdOgU2fqpM-BmwGswz4TmcIQCRo-DJQL7zxYEdgF0&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003cp>Gun control advocates argue that the solution is hidden in plain sight: just make it harder for people to get guns. U.S. gun laws, they argue, are exceptionally lenient, and make it incredibly easy for people to legally purchase firearms that are capable of mass destruction. America has, by far, the highest rate of gun ownership in the world. And more guns, they insist, means more gun violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those opposed to new regulations, including the majority of Republican lawmakers, typically argue that stricter laws would only deprive law abiding Americans of their fundamental rights to protect themselves while doing little to prevent those with ill-intentions from getting hold of firearms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passing new national gun control measures has proven all but impossible in a country where the right to bear arms is enshrined in the Constitution's Second Amendment, and where the gun rights lobby holds enormous political influence. Led by the efforts of the powerful National Rifle Association, firearms advocates stand firmly against almost any new restrictions. Through effective political organizing and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/nra-donations/?utm_term=.e706d746d8f9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">generous campaign contributions\u003c/a>, they have successfully thwarted all recent efforts to enact tougher regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firearms have played a pivotal but highly controversial role in shaping U.S. history and culture. Scroll through this timeline for more on the ongoing debate about the right to bear arms in America.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1565030025,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":391},"headData":{"title":"Inside America's Never-Ending Gun Fight | KQED","description":"https://youtu.be/gkshKDYOx80 No matter what your position on gun rights and gun control, most people can at least agree that the United States has a pretty serious gun violence problem. As our latest Above the Noise video points out, the rate of gun-related suicides and homicides in this country far outpaces that of any other high-income","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"31020 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=31020","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/06/01/americas-never-ending-gun-fight/","disqusTitle":"Inside America's Never-Ending Gun Fight","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/fYQCIphJhAk","path":"/lowdown/31020/americas-never-ending-gun-fight","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/gkshKDYOx80'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/gkshKDYOx80'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>No matter what your position on gun rights and gun control, most people can at least agree that the United States has a pretty serious gun violence problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our latest Above the Noise video points out, the rate of gun-related suicides and homicides in this country far outpaces that of any other high-income nation in the world. Every year roughly 35,000 people are killed by firearms (in 2016, it was more than 38,000). It’s become one of the leading causes of preventable death in the country; almost as common as auto-related deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/topics/9\">Visit KQED Learn to see our collection of classroom resources and student discussion prompts on this topic\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, U.S. lawmakers can’t seem to come to a consensus on how to proactively address the issue. For years, despite ongoing high-profile mass shootings, Congress has failed to enact any new regulations aimed at limiting the number of gun deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1YrSdOgU2fqpM-BmwGswz4TmcIQCRo-DJQL7zxYEdgF0&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003cp>Gun control advocates argue that the solution is hidden in plain sight: just make it harder for people to get guns. U.S. gun laws, they argue, are exceptionally lenient, and make it incredibly easy for people to legally purchase firearms that are capable of mass destruction. America has, by far, the highest rate of gun ownership in the world. And more guns, they insist, means more gun violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those opposed to new regulations, including the majority of Republican lawmakers, typically argue that stricter laws would only deprive law abiding Americans of their fundamental rights to protect themselves while doing little to prevent those with ill-intentions from getting hold of firearms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passing new national gun control measures has proven all but impossible in a country where the right to bear arms is enshrined in the Constitution's Second Amendment, and where the gun rights lobby holds enormous political influence. Led by the efforts of the powerful National Rifle Association, firearms advocates stand firmly against almost any new restrictions. Through effective political organizing and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/nra-donations/?utm_term=.e706d746d8f9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">generous campaign contributions\u003c/a>, they have successfully thwarted all recent efforts to enact tougher regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firearms have played a pivotal but highly controversial role in shaping U.S. history and culture. Scroll through this timeline for more on the ongoing debate about the right to bear arms in America.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/31020/americas-never-ending-gun-fight","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2618"],"tags":["lowdown_2660","lowdown_150"],"featImg":"lowdown_31025","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_31014":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_31014","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"31014","score":null,"sort":[1526682558000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"conspiracy-nation-how-unfounded-theories-have-help-shape-u-s-history","title":"Conspiracy Nation! How Conspiracy Theories Helped Shape U.S. History","publishDate":1526682558,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>https://youtu.be/fYQCIphJhAk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We humans gravitate to conspiracy theories like moths to a flame. As the latest Above the Noise video points out, conspiracy theories -- the belief that some secretive organization is responsible for a sinister circumstance or event -- is an inherent human tendency to try to make sense of complicated, threatening or inexplicable occurrences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/topics/8\">Visit KQED Learn to see our collection of classroom resources and student discussion prompts on this topic\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that sense, Americans are not unique. People from every nation around the world are prone to conspiracy thinking. But … Americans do seem to have a special knack for it, as the continued obsession with JFK’s assassination or the new fascination with flat Earth theory shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driven in part from our inherent individualism and distrust of authority, conspiracy thinking is very much a part of our national DNA, and has consistently been an influential factor throughout American history. In some instances, conspiracy theories have spread far beyond the fringes of society; many have greatly influenced our laws and culture and helped shape the very course of American history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conspiracy theories typically pop up during moments of national trauma or in response to deeply held prejudices. They are often prompted by waves of fear and insecurity, during periods of economic stress and when national security is under threat. Additionally, they are commonly spurred by a fear of foreigners, often in response to large immigration shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the age of social media that we now live in, it’s never been easier to spread conspiracy theories far and wide. Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter are bursting at the seams with all kinds of questionable propositions masquerading as truth. And all it takes is for a just a few people to share those posts with their networks, and suddenly rumors spreads like wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spread of misinformation can sometimes have very real, very serious consequences. Take, for instance, the completely false Pizzagate conspiracy theory from 2016, which alleged that children were being held captive in the basement of a popular Washington, D.C. pizza parlor by Hillary Clinton campaign officials. For a while, it was all over right-wing social media feeds and fake news sites . And then the conspiracy theory jumped from the internet to real life in a scary way: In December 2016, a 28-year-old man from North Carolina took it upon himself to free the non-existent child prisoners by bursting into the restaurant and firing his semi-automatic rifle. Amazingly, no one was injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the South Asian nation of Sri Lanka, a series of completely unfounded anti-Muslim rumors posted on Facebook has recently stirred up longstanding ethnic and religious tensions, provoking a wave of violent incidents, mainly directed against the country’s Muslim-minority community. The story, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/21/world/asia/facebook-sri-lanka-riots.html\">documented by the New York Times\u003c/a>, is just one of many instances worldwide in which false rumors, spread on social media, have resulted in real acts of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media might spread conspiracy theories faster than ever, but conspiracy thinking inspired action, even violence, centuries before the internet. Consider this: Conspiracy thinking even fueled America’s rush to revolution and fight for independence against the British Empire. Thomas Jefferson and other proponents of independence helped spread the idea that the British government had an elaborate, sinister plan to suppress the American people and deprive them of their basic freedoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/item/08016823/\">A Summary View of the Rights of British America\u003c/a>, a pamphlet Jefferson distributed in 1774, two years before the Declaration of Independence, he wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Single acts of tyranny may be ascribed to the accidental opinion of a day; but a series of oppressions, begun at a distinguished period, and pursued unalterably through every change of ministers, too plainly prove a deliberate and systematical plan of reducing us to slavery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So yeah, conspiracies theories are about as American as apple pie … which I hear causes hair loss (just kidding).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following timeline tracks 15 of the many conspiracy theories that played a major role in shaping American history. These theories don’t necessarily reveal the truth, but they can tell us a lot about societal beliefs and attitudes both then and now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1200\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1O5bB1cRhvMWdF4xeFMeGiboRuLaFcH_LIi4JR5YS-tY&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1610041787,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":718},"headData":{"title":"Conspiracy Nation! How Conspiracy Theories Helped Shape U.S. History - The Lowdown","description":"We humans gravitate to conspiracy theories like moths to a flame. As the latest Above the Noise video points out, conspiracy theories — the belief that some secretive organization is responsible for a sinister circumstance or event — is an inherent human tendency to try to make sense of complicated, threatening or inexplicable occurrences. [Visit","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"31014 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=31014","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/05/18/conspiracy-nation-how-unfounded-theories-have-help-shape-u-s-history/","disqusTitle":"Conspiracy Nation! How Conspiracy Theories Helped Shape U.S. History","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/fYQCIphJhAk","path":"/lowdown/31014/conspiracy-nation-how-unfounded-theories-have-help-shape-u-s-history","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/fYQCIphJhAk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/fYQCIphJhAk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>We humans gravitate to conspiracy theories like moths to a flame. As the latest Above the Noise video points out, conspiracy theories -- the belief that some secretive organization is responsible for a sinister circumstance or event -- is an inherent human tendency to try to make sense of complicated, threatening or inexplicable occurrences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/topics/8\">Visit KQED Learn to see our collection of classroom resources and student discussion prompts on this topic\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that sense, Americans are not unique. People from every nation around the world are prone to conspiracy thinking. But … Americans do seem to have a special knack for it, as the continued obsession with JFK’s assassination or the new fascination with flat Earth theory shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driven in part from our inherent individualism and distrust of authority, conspiracy thinking is very much a part of our national DNA, and has consistently been an influential factor throughout American history. In some instances, conspiracy theories have spread far beyond the fringes of society; many have greatly influenced our laws and culture and helped shape the very course of American history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conspiracy theories typically pop up during moments of national trauma or in response to deeply held prejudices. They are often prompted by waves of fear and insecurity, during periods of economic stress and when national security is under threat. Additionally, they are commonly spurred by a fear of foreigners, often in response to large immigration shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the age of social media that we now live in, it’s never been easier to spread conspiracy theories far and wide. Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter are bursting at the seams with all kinds of questionable propositions masquerading as truth. And all it takes is for a just a few people to share those posts with their networks, and suddenly rumors spreads like wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spread of misinformation can sometimes have very real, very serious consequences. Take, for instance, the completely false Pizzagate conspiracy theory from 2016, which alleged that children were being held captive in the basement of a popular Washington, D.C. pizza parlor by Hillary Clinton campaign officials. For a while, it was all over right-wing social media feeds and fake news sites . And then the conspiracy theory jumped from the internet to real life in a scary way: In December 2016, a 28-year-old man from North Carolina took it upon himself to free the non-existent child prisoners by bursting into the restaurant and firing his semi-automatic rifle. Amazingly, no one was injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the South Asian nation of Sri Lanka, a series of completely unfounded anti-Muslim rumors posted on Facebook has recently stirred up longstanding ethnic and religious tensions, provoking a wave of violent incidents, mainly directed against the country’s Muslim-minority community. The story, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/21/world/asia/facebook-sri-lanka-riots.html\">documented by the New York Times\u003c/a>, is just one of many instances worldwide in which false rumors, spread on social media, have resulted in real acts of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media might spread conspiracy theories faster than ever, but conspiracy thinking inspired action, even violence, centuries before the internet. Consider this: Conspiracy thinking even fueled America’s rush to revolution and fight for independence against the British Empire. Thomas Jefferson and other proponents of independence helped spread the idea that the British government had an elaborate, sinister plan to suppress the American people and deprive them of their basic freedoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/item/08016823/\">A Summary View of the Rights of British America\u003c/a>, a pamphlet Jefferson distributed in 1774, two years before the Declaration of Independence, he wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Single acts of tyranny may be ascribed to the accidental opinion of a day; but a series of oppressions, begun at a distinguished period, and pursued unalterably through every change of ministers, too plainly prove a deliberate and systematical plan of reducing us to slavery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So yeah, conspiracies theories are about as American as apple pie … which I hear causes hair loss (just kidding).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following timeline tracks 15 of the many conspiracy theories that played a major role in shaping American history. These theories don’t necessarily reveal the truth, but they can tell us a lot about societal beliefs and attitudes both then and now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1200\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1O5bB1cRhvMWdF4xeFMeGiboRuLaFcH_LIi4JR5YS-tY&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/31014/conspiracy-nation-how-unfounded-theories-have-help-shape-u-s-history","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2618"],"tags":["lowdown_2660","lowdown_150"],"featImg":"lowdown_31042","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_31001":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_31001","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"31001","score":null,"sort":[1525469116000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dried-up-and-stressed-out-how-cities-around-the-world-are-dealing-with-water-shortages","title":"Dried Up and Stressed Out: How Cities Around the World Are Dealing with Water Shortages","publishDate":1525469116,"format":"video","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>Imagine if one day you turned on your faucet and nothing coming came out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prospect was almost a reality for the 4 million people in Cape Town, South Africa. Following years of crippling drought, the major coastal metropolis recently came dangerously close to Day Zero, the date it would have run almost entirely out of drinking water and had to shut off the taps, forcing residents to wait in lines for water rations. The ominous deadline was originally set for April 2018, but has since been pushed back to 2019 because of tightly enforced water-use restrictions. Since February, residents have only been allowed to use 50 liters of water -- 13.2 gallons -- per person per day (by contrast, the average American consumes an \u003ca href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/edu/qa-home-percapita.html\">estimated 80 to 100 gallons a day\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/topics/7\">Visit KQED Learn for a collection of classroom resources and student discussion prompts on this topic\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cape Town is the first major city in modern history to come that close to running out of water. But it’s likely not the last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major water shortages are predicted to become increasingly common in many cities and rural areas throughout the world, as urban populations surge, water consumption rises and climate change leads to more frequent and severe droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 3 in 10 people -- about 2.1 billion people worldwide -- lack access to safe, readily available water at home, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/water-sanitation-hygiene/en/\">World Health Organization\u003c/a>. And at the current pace of growth and consumption, demand for freshwater is likely to soon far outpace global supply, according to one recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Charting_Our_Water_Future_Final.pdf\">report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water covers about 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, but as the Above the Noise video “Is Earth Running Out of Water?” explains, \u003ca href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthwherewater.html\">less than 3 percent\u003c/a> of that is freshwater. And most of that freshwater is locked up in ice or underground. Just over 1 percent is surface water -- from lakes and rivers. And the vast majority of that supply isn’t actually even used for human consumption; most of it goes towards \u003ca href=\"http://www.oecd.org/agriculture/water-use-in-agriculture.htm\">agricultural production\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as climate change leads to increasingly extreme weather patterns, it’s now more common for some places to have way too much water and others not nearly enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is particularly pressing in the world’s rapidly growing urban areas, where roughly \u003ca href=\"https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf\">four billion people\u003c/a> currently live. Some cities could soon face water crises as dire as the one in Cape Town. But a growing number of other dry, densely-populated areas have come up with innovative approaches to deal with water scarcity, efficiently managing and conserving their water supplies and recycling wastewater. The map below shows examples of cities threatened with potential water shortages and other places that have managed to successfully quench their thirst with smaller supply. [Note: this is just a sampling of water innovators and cities facing shortages - it’s far from a complete list.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/610b8dfc-df2c-4133-b983-3e9780f0f53e/embed\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>(\u003ca href=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/610b8dfc-df2c-4133-b983-3e9780f0f53e/embed\">View map full screen here\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Earth’s dwindling supply of surface water, groundwater stored in aquifers is also an essential water source worldwide for human consumption and agriculture. More than 2 billion people rely on groundwater as their primary water source, including many people in the United States. But that supply is also being pumped out of the ground alarmingly fast and depleting reserves. According to one analysis of data from NASA’s GRACE satellite mission, water reserves in 21 of the 37 largest aquifers in the world have steadily declined just in the last decade. For more on aquifers, explore this interactive slideshow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"//content.newsbound.com/public/newsbound/aquifers/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1565030810,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/610b8dfc-df2c-4133-b983-3e9780f0f53e/embed","//content.newsbound.com/public/newsbound/aquifers/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":607},"headData":{"title":"Dried Up and Stressed Out: How Cities Around the World Are Dealing with Water Shortages | KQED","description":"Imagine if one day you turned on your faucet and nothing coming came out. That prospect was almost a reality for the 4 million people in Cape Town, South Africa. Following years of crippling drought, the major coastal metropolis recently came dangerously close to Day Zero, the date it would have run almost entirely out","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"31001 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=31001","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/05/04/dried-up-and-stressed-out-how-cities-around-the-world-are-dealing-with-water-shortages/","disqusTitle":"Dried Up and Stressed Out: How Cities Around the World Are Dealing with Water Shortages","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RgnpeP_WBys","path":"/lowdown/31001/dried-up-and-stressed-out-how-cities-around-the-world-are-dealing-with-water-shortages","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Imagine if one day you turned on your faucet and nothing coming came out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prospect was almost a reality for the 4 million people in Cape Town, South Africa. Following years of crippling drought, the major coastal metropolis recently came dangerously close to Day Zero, the date it would have run almost entirely out of drinking water and had to shut off the taps, forcing residents to wait in lines for water rations. The ominous deadline was originally set for April 2018, but has since been pushed back to 2019 because of tightly enforced water-use restrictions. Since February, residents have only been allowed to use 50 liters of water -- 13.2 gallons -- per person per day (by contrast, the average American consumes an \u003ca href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/edu/qa-home-percapita.html\">estimated 80 to 100 gallons a day\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/topics/7\">Visit KQED Learn for a collection of classroom resources and student discussion prompts on this topic\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cape Town is the first major city in modern history to come that close to running out of water. But it’s likely not the last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major water shortages are predicted to become increasingly common in many cities and rural areas throughout the world, as urban populations surge, water consumption rises and climate change leads to more frequent and severe droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 3 in 10 people -- about 2.1 billion people worldwide -- lack access to safe, readily available water at home, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/water-sanitation-hygiene/en/\">World Health Organization\u003c/a>. And at the current pace of growth and consumption, demand for freshwater is likely to soon far outpace global supply, according to one recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Charting_Our_Water_Future_Final.pdf\">report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water covers about 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, but as the Above the Noise video “Is Earth Running Out of Water?” explains, \u003ca href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthwherewater.html\">less than 3 percent\u003c/a> of that is freshwater. And most of that freshwater is locked up in ice or underground. Just over 1 percent is surface water -- from lakes and rivers. And the vast majority of that supply isn’t actually even used for human consumption; most of it goes towards \u003ca href=\"http://www.oecd.org/agriculture/water-use-in-agriculture.htm\">agricultural production\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as climate change leads to increasingly extreme weather patterns, it’s now more common for some places to have way too much water and others not nearly enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is particularly pressing in the world’s rapidly growing urban areas, where roughly \u003ca href=\"https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf\">four billion people\u003c/a> currently live. Some cities could soon face water crises as dire as the one in Cape Town. But a growing number of other dry, densely-populated areas have come up with innovative approaches to deal with water scarcity, efficiently managing and conserving their water supplies and recycling wastewater. The map below shows examples of cities threatened with potential water shortages and other places that have managed to successfully quench their thirst with smaller supply. [Note: this is just a sampling of water innovators and cities facing shortages - it’s far from a complete list.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/610b8dfc-df2c-4133-b983-3e9780f0f53e/embed\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>(\u003ca href=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/610b8dfc-df2c-4133-b983-3e9780f0f53e/embed\">View map full screen here\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Earth’s dwindling supply of surface water, groundwater stored in aquifers is also an essential water source worldwide for human consumption and agriculture. More than 2 billion people rely on groundwater as their primary water source, including many people in the United States. But that supply is also being pumped out of the ground alarmingly fast and depleting reserves. According to one analysis of data from NASA’s GRACE satellite mission, water reserves in 21 of the 37 largest aquifers in the world have steadily declined just in the last decade. For more on aquifers, explore this interactive slideshow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"//content.newsbound.com/public/newsbound/aquifers/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/31001/dried-up-and-stressed-out-how-cities-around-the-world-are-dealing-with-water-shortages","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2618"],"tags":["lowdown_2660","lowdown_150"],"featImg":"lowdown_31004","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_30662":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_30662","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"30662","score":null,"sort":[1524095886000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-underage-vaping-explosion","title":"A Look Inside the Youth Vaping Craze","publishDate":1524095886,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>https://youtu.be/P9zps5LsVXs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It charges in your computer, it’s small enough to fit snugly in your pocket, and it can even be used without anyone knowing about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is how teenagers smoke nowadays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaping -- inhaling and exhaling vapor produced by a battery-powered electronic cigarette, usually containing nicotine -- has become the most popular method of tobacco use among teens around the country. \u003ca href=\"https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/documents/2016_SGR_Fact_Sheet_508.pdf\">According to the Surgeon General\u003c/a>, nearly one in four middle and high school students have tried it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30672\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-30672 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-800x528.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-768x507.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-1200x792.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-960x634.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-520x343.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand.jpg 1599w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Juul e-cigarette \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Juul_in_hand.jpg\">Mylesclark96/Wikipedia\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the most popular vaping devices, made by Juul, a San Francisco-based company, looks a lot like a flash drive and has been referred to as the \"iphone of vaporizers.\" The Juul first launched in 2015 and has since become the \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/juul-e-cigarette-one-million-units-sold-2017-11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">best selling e-cigarette\u003c/a> in the country. It's also widely used among underage students, so much so that “Juul” is now commonly used as a verb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discretion is part of the appeal. In school, techniques for hiding the white vapor include blowing into your shirt, or holding it in your mouth until it becomes invisible. Juul devices produce flavored vapors and create very little plume, allowing students to sometimes even get away with vaping in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And critics argue that the accessibility of vaping products and the marketing strategies the companies use, which often \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/e-cigarettes-can-hook-teens-raise-risk-smoking-report-finds-n840256\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">target teens\u003c/a>, have helped attract a growing number of teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-cigarette makers claim that their devices offer a much safer alternative to smoking conventional cigarettes. But as many school officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/02/health/vaping-ecigarettes-addiction-teen.html\">struggle to control\u003c/a> the rapid rise of vaping among their students, some fear the devices are creating a new generation of nicotine addicts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, public health researchers argue that the technology is too new to understand the long-term health effects, particularly among young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although vaping devices don’t have many of the harmful ingredients found in standard tobacco cigarettes, they’re often used with pods that contain higher concentrations of nicotine. A\u003ca href=\"http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2018/public-health-consequences-of-e-cigarettes.aspx\"> growing body of public health research\u003c/a> suggests that vaping may be leading more young people to start smoking cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30676\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1038px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/high-school.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-30676 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/high-school.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1038\" height=\"500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Estimated percentage of high school students who currently use any tobacco products, any combustible tobacco products, tobacco products, and selected tobacco products. National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2011–2016. \u003ccite>(CDC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30675\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1036px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/middleschool.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-30675\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/middleschool.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1036\" height=\"498\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Estimated percentage of middle school students who currently use any tobacco products, any combustible tobacco products, tobacco products, and selected tobacco products. National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2011–2016. \u003ccite>(CDC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Overall youth tobacco use in the United States actually fell to \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tobacco-youth/u-s-youth-tobacco-use-in-2016-fell-by-largest-amount-in-6-years-idUSKBN1962EE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">historic lows\u003c/a> in 2016, the latest year data were available. The number of middle and high school students who used any kind of tobacco product fell to 3.9 million, a huge drop from the estimated 4.7 million underage tobacco users reported in 2015, according to figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It marked the first decline since 2011, when the the CDC began conducting the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/surveys/nyts/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Youth Tobacco Survey\u003c/a>, in which respondents are asked if they've used tobacco products within the last 30 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2015 and 2016, underage use of e-cigarettes among high school students declined the most dramatically, falling to 11.3 percent of high schoolers in 2016, from 16 percent in 2015. But that drop comes after years of consecutive increases since 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these decreases, public health experts are concerned that the popularity of Juul and similar devices will send youth rates on the rise again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was smoking cigarettes as a coping mechanism, which is obviously incredibly awful, and I knew I had to stop, so I turned to Juuling,” said a junior from Lowell High School in San Francisco who didn't want her name used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trevor, a student at Lowell who doesn't vape, described the current fad:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A ton of [people] have Juuls. I think it's a popularity thing. You’re considered cooler if you have a Juul and hit it all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until 2016 that the Food and Drug Administration used its authority to regulate e-cigarettes and set the national minimum age to legally buy and consume them at 18. The rules, though, vary widely by state. In California, the minimum age is 21, but there's little stopping an 18-year-old student here from buying a vaping device online from a state like Texas, where the minimum age is much lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While vaping companies say they are opposed to underage use, many teens note how easy it is to purchase devices, either by going to smoke shops that don’t check IDs or ordering them off of secondary sites like eBay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I got to vaping, I could physically do it anytime, anywhere and it wouldn’t matter, and so you get used to just sipping on it,” said a high school senior from San Jose who didn't want his name used. He admits he's definitely become somewhat addicted, but isn't too concerned about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have confidence I could stop, it’s not a long-time thing, but I’m at a point where it doesn’t really matter. I’m young and I really enjoy it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30684\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1647\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-160x264.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-800x1318.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-768x1265.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-729x1200.png 729w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-960x1581.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-240x395.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-375x618.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-520x856.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1553037179,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":895},"headData":{"title":"A Look Inside the Youth Vaping Craze | KQED","description":"https://youtu.be/P9zps5LsVXs It charges in your computer, it’s small enough to fit snugly in your pocket, and it can even be used without anyone knowing about it. This is how teenagers smoke nowadays. Vaping -- inhaling and exhaling vapor produced by a battery-powered electronic cigarette, usually containing nicotine -- has become the most popular method of","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"30662 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=30662","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/04/18/the-underage-vaping-explosion/","disqusTitle":"A Look Inside the Youth Vaping Craze","path":"/lowdown/30662/the-underage-vaping-explosion","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/P9zps5LsVXs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/P9zps5LsVXs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>It charges in your computer, it’s small enough to fit snugly in your pocket, and it can even be used without anyone knowing about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is how teenagers smoke nowadays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaping -- inhaling and exhaling vapor produced by a battery-powered electronic cigarette, usually containing nicotine -- has become the most popular method of tobacco use among teens around the country. \u003ca href=\"https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/documents/2016_SGR_Fact_Sheet_508.pdf\">According to the Surgeon General\u003c/a>, nearly one in four middle and high school students have tried it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30672\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-30672 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-800x528.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-768x507.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-1200x792.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-960x634.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand-520x343.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/Juul_in_hand.jpg 1599w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Juul e-cigarette \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Juul_in_hand.jpg\">Mylesclark96/Wikipedia\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the most popular vaping devices, made by Juul, a San Francisco-based company, looks a lot like a flash drive and has been referred to as the \"iphone of vaporizers.\" The Juul first launched in 2015 and has since become the \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/juul-e-cigarette-one-million-units-sold-2017-11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">best selling e-cigarette\u003c/a> in the country. It's also widely used among underage students, so much so that “Juul” is now commonly used as a verb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discretion is part of the appeal. In school, techniques for hiding the white vapor include blowing into your shirt, or holding it in your mouth until it becomes invisible. Juul devices produce flavored vapors and create very little plume, allowing students to sometimes even get away with vaping in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And critics argue that the accessibility of vaping products and the marketing strategies the companies use, which often \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/e-cigarettes-can-hook-teens-raise-risk-smoking-report-finds-n840256\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">target teens\u003c/a>, have helped attract a growing number of teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-cigarette makers claim that their devices offer a much safer alternative to smoking conventional cigarettes. But as many school officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/02/health/vaping-ecigarettes-addiction-teen.html\">struggle to control\u003c/a> the rapid rise of vaping among their students, some fear the devices are creating a new generation of nicotine addicts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, public health researchers argue that the technology is too new to understand the long-term health effects, particularly among young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although vaping devices don’t have many of the harmful ingredients found in standard tobacco cigarettes, they’re often used with pods that contain higher concentrations of nicotine. A\u003ca href=\"http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2018/public-health-consequences-of-e-cigarettes.aspx\"> growing body of public health research\u003c/a> suggests that vaping may be leading more young people to start smoking cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30676\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1038px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/high-school.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-30676 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/high-school.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1038\" height=\"500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Estimated percentage of high school students who currently use any tobacco products, any combustible tobacco products, tobacco products, and selected tobacco products. National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2011–2016. \u003ccite>(CDC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30675\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1036px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/middleschool.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-30675\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/middleschool.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1036\" height=\"498\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Estimated percentage of middle school students who currently use any tobacco products, any combustible tobacco products, tobacco products, and selected tobacco products. National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2011–2016. \u003ccite>(CDC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Overall youth tobacco use in the United States actually fell to \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tobacco-youth/u-s-youth-tobacco-use-in-2016-fell-by-largest-amount-in-6-years-idUSKBN1962EE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">historic lows\u003c/a> in 2016, the latest year data were available. The number of middle and high school students who used any kind of tobacco product fell to 3.9 million, a huge drop from the estimated 4.7 million underage tobacco users reported in 2015, according to figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It marked the first decline since 2011, when the the CDC began conducting the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/surveys/nyts/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Youth Tobacco Survey\u003c/a>, in which respondents are asked if they've used tobacco products within the last 30 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2015 and 2016, underage use of e-cigarettes among high school students declined the most dramatically, falling to 11.3 percent of high schoolers in 2016, from 16 percent in 2015. But that drop comes after years of consecutive increases since 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these decreases, public health experts are concerned that the popularity of Juul and similar devices will send youth rates on the rise again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was smoking cigarettes as a coping mechanism, which is obviously incredibly awful, and I knew I had to stop, so I turned to Juuling,” said a junior from Lowell High School in San Francisco who didn't want her name used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trevor, a student at Lowell who doesn't vape, described the current fad:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A ton of [people] have Juuls. I think it's a popularity thing. You’re considered cooler if you have a Juul and hit it all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until 2016 that the Food and Drug Administration used its authority to regulate e-cigarettes and set the national minimum age to legally buy and consume them at 18. The rules, though, vary widely by state. In California, the minimum age is 21, but there's little stopping an 18-year-old student here from buying a vaping device online from a state like Texas, where the minimum age is much lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While vaping companies say they are opposed to underage use, many teens note how easy it is to purchase devices, either by going to smoke shops that don’t check IDs or ordering them off of secondary sites like eBay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I got to vaping, I could physically do it anytime, anywhere and it wouldn’t matter, and so you get used to just sipping on it,” said a high school senior from San Jose who didn't want his name used. He admits he's definitely become somewhat addicted, but isn't too concerned about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have confidence I could stop, it’s not a long-time thing, but I’m at a point where it doesn’t really matter. I’m young and I really enjoy it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30684\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1647\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879.png 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-160x264.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-800x1318.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-768x1265.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-729x1200.png 729w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-960x1581.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-240x395.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-375x618.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/04/ucm569879-520x856.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/30662/the-underage-vaping-explosion","authors":["11506","11507"],"categories":["lowdown_2618"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2655"],"featImg":"lowdown_30773","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_30538":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_30538","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"30538","score":null,"sort":[1522881245000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-the-endangered-species-act-at-risk-of-extinction","title":"Is the Endangered Species Act at Risk of Extinction?","publishDate":1522881245,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>https://youtu.be/h5eTqjzQZDY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the world’s most effective conservation laws is under serious threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Endangered Species Act (ESA), backed by none other than President Richard Nixon in 1973 and passed nearly unanimously by Congress, was among a string of sweeping conservation laws spurred by the fledgling environmental movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landmark measure sought to identify threatened and endangered native species across the United States, including vulnerable plants and invertebrates, through a scientific process independent of political or economic interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/endangered/laws-policies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defined an endangered species\u003c/a> as being “in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.” A threatened species was one considered \"likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the ESA still prohibits anyone from collecting, pursuing, capturing or harming a protected species on the list or disturbing \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"the ecosystems upon which they depend.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once a species reaches the point of endangerment, government agencies are required under the law to take active measures to save it, notwithstanding pressure from extractive industries like logging and mining. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To help conserve genetic diversity, the ESA also mandates the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/library/reports/Citizens_Guide_ESA.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">protection of subspecies\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and distinct population segments of a species under certain circumstances. For example, while grizzly bears in the continental U.S. are listed as threatened, the abundant Alaskan population of grizzlies is not.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of preservation than the rich array of animal life with\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which our country has been blessed,” President Nixon said at the signing ceremony on Dec. 28, 1973. “It is a many-faceted treasure, of value to scholars, scientists and nature lovers alike, and it forms a vital part of the heritage we all share as Americans.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The law was a bipartisan reaction of alarm to the dramatic decimation of wildlife in America occurring over several centuries of accelerating growth and development.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by most accounts, it has worked incredibly well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the more than four decades since its passage, only 11 of the more than 1,600 species protected under the ESA have gone extinct -- and 51 other species formerly included \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp0/reports/delisting-report\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have since been delisted\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> following a resurgence in their numbers. All that despite a tripling of the nation’s gross domestic product and a population increase of more than 100 million people.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Today, almost 1,300 plant and animal species in the U.S. are listed as endangered (which receive all the protections of the law) and close to 400 more are listed as threatened (which get some protections).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But despite the overwhelming bipartisan support the ESA once garnered -- and its continued \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/files/PollingMemoNationalESASurvey.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">public approval\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> -- the measure has long been under attack. And that’s largely because of just how effective it’s proved to be in protecting vulnerable species. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The law’s power and reach was made clear in 1978, when a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1978/07/11/archives/in-the-wake-of-the-snail-darter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal dam project in Tennessee\u003c/a> was blocked to protect a tiny endangered fish called a snail darter. Ever since, opponents have denounced the ESA as blatant federal overreach that infringes on property rights and thwarts much needed economic development, particularly in rural, under-resourced communities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Critics question the law’s mandate to identify and protect certain species without considering the economic consequences of those actions. Is it really worth conserving the habitat of an obscure plant, insect or tiny fish, particularly if doing so stands in the way of creating new jobs and economic opportunities? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Those seeking to water down the ESA now \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nyti.ms/2tJ8l39\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">see a major opportunity\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with a Republican-controlled Congress and the staunchly anti-regulatory attitude of the Trump administration. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A handful of recently introduced bills, some of which have been floating around Congress in some form or other for decades, could significantly weaken the scope of the law. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/717\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One would prevent\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> threatened species from being listed if doing so could have economic repercussions. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://newhouse.house.gov/sites/newhouse.house.gov/files/State%20Tribal%20Local%20Bill%20Text.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another bill\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> would require federal agencies to consider data submitted by state or local governments when evaluating if new species should be protected, a rule change that environmentalists fear would result in a slew of biased or inaccurate information to influence the decision-making process. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But as our latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video explains, supporters of major conservation efforts like the ESA counter that it's not only our ethical responsibility to protect native species from extinction, it's also downright crucial to the earth's survival: \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"\u003c/span>Living things in an ecosystem depend on each other. And the disappearance of one species could have big impacts on the whole thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, some scientists argue that we're currently in the midst of a sixth major mass extinction, with the rate of species disappearance estimated to be anywhere from 1,000 to 10,000 times faster than the historical average. And unlike previous mass extinctions in earth's history, this one can be largely blamed on us: humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a clearer sense of just how fast and how many species around the world are vanishing, explore this interactive, produced by \u003ca href=\"http://projects.propublica.org/extinctions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ProPublica\u003c/a>, which uses data from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iucn.org/theme/species/our-work/iucn-red-list-threatened-species\">International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://projects.propublica.org/extinctions/\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1524518226,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://projects.propublica.org/extinctions/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":885},"headData":{"title":"Is the Endangered Species Act at Risk of Extinction? | KQED","description":"https://youtu.be/h5eTqjzQZDY One of the world’s most effective conservation laws is under serious threat. The Endangered Species Act (ESA), backed by none other than President Richard Nixon in 1973 and passed nearly unanimously by Congress, was among a string of sweeping conservation laws spurred by the fledgling environmental movement. The landmark measure sought to identify threatened","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"30538 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=30538","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/04/04/is-the-endangered-species-act-at-risk-of-extinction/","disqusTitle":"Is the Endangered Species Act at Risk of Extinction?","path":"/lowdown/30538/is-the-endangered-species-act-at-risk-of-extinction","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/h5eTqjzQZDY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/h5eTqjzQZDY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the world’s most effective conservation laws is under serious threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Endangered Species Act (ESA), backed by none other than President Richard Nixon in 1973 and passed nearly unanimously by Congress, was among a string of sweeping conservation laws spurred by the fledgling environmental movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landmark measure sought to identify threatened and endangered native species across the United States, including vulnerable plants and invertebrates, through a scientific process independent of political or economic interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/endangered/laws-policies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defined an endangered species\u003c/a> as being “in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.” A threatened species was one considered \"likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the ESA still prohibits anyone from collecting, pursuing, capturing or harming a protected species on the list or disturbing \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"the ecosystems upon which they depend.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once a species reaches the point of endangerment, government agencies are required under the law to take active measures to save it, notwithstanding pressure from extractive industries like logging and mining. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To help conserve genetic diversity, the ESA also mandates the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/library/reports/Citizens_Guide_ESA.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">protection of subspecies\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and distinct population segments of a species under certain circumstances. For example, while grizzly bears in the continental U.S. are listed as threatened, the abundant Alaskan population of grizzlies is not.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of preservation than the rich array of animal life with\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which our country has been blessed,” President Nixon said at the signing ceremony on Dec. 28, 1973. “It is a many-faceted treasure, of value to scholars, scientists and nature lovers alike, and it forms a vital part of the heritage we all share as Americans.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The law was a bipartisan reaction of alarm to the dramatic decimation of wildlife in America occurring over several centuries of accelerating growth and development.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by most accounts, it has worked incredibly well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the more than four decades since its passage, only 11 of the more than 1,600 species protected under the ESA have gone extinct -- and 51 other species formerly included \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp0/reports/delisting-report\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have since been delisted\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> following a resurgence in their numbers. All that despite a tripling of the nation’s gross domestic product and a population increase of more than 100 million people.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Today, almost 1,300 plant and animal species in the U.S. are listed as endangered (which receive all the protections of the law) and close to 400 more are listed as threatened (which get some protections).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But despite the overwhelming bipartisan support the ESA once garnered -- and its continued \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/files/PollingMemoNationalESASurvey.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">public approval\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> -- the measure has long been under attack. And that’s largely because of just how effective it’s proved to be in protecting vulnerable species. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The law’s power and reach was made clear in 1978, when a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1978/07/11/archives/in-the-wake-of-the-snail-darter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal dam project in Tennessee\u003c/a> was blocked to protect a tiny endangered fish called a snail darter. Ever since, opponents have denounced the ESA as blatant federal overreach that infringes on property rights and thwarts much needed economic development, particularly in rural, under-resourced communities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Critics question the law’s mandate to identify and protect certain species without considering the economic consequences of those actions. Is it really worth conserving the habitat of an obscure plant, insect or tiny fish, particularly if doing so stands in the way of creating new jobs and economic opportunities? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Those seeking to water down the ESA now \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nyti.ms/2tJ8l39\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">see a major opportunity\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with a Republican-controlled Congress and the staunchly anti-regulatory attitude of the Trump administration. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A handful of recently introduced bills, some of which have been floating around Congress in some form or other for decades, could significantly weaken the scope of the law. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/717\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One would prevent\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> threatened species from being listed if doing so could have economic repercussions. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://newhouse.house.gov/sites/newhouse.house.gov/files/State%20Tribal%20Local%20Bill%20Text.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another bill\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> would require federal agencies to consider data submitted by state or local governments when evaluating if new species should be protected, a rule change that environmentalists fear would result in a slew of biased or inaccurate information to influence the decision-making process. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But as our latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video explains, supporters of major conservation efforts like the ESA counter that it's not only our ethical responsibility to protect native species from extinction, it's also downright crucial to the earth's survival: \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"\u003c/span>Living things in an ecosystem depend on each other. And the disappearance of one species could have big impacts on the whole thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, some scientists argue that we're currently in the midst of a sixth major mass extinction, with the rate of species disappearance estimated to be anywhere from 1,000 to 10,000 times faster than the historical average. And unlike previous mass extinctions in earth's history, this one can be largely blamed on us: humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a clearer sense of just how fast and how many species around the world are vanishing, explore this interactive, produced by \u003ca href=\"http://projects.propublica.org/extinctions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ProPublica\u003c/a>, which uses data from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iucn.org/theme/species/our-work/iucn-red-list-threatened-species\">International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://projects.propublica.org/extinctions/\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/30538/is-the-endangered-species-act-at-risk-of-extinction","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2618"],"tags":["lowdown_2652","lowdown_2337"],"featImg":"lowdown_30776","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_30398":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_30398","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"30398","score":null,"sort":[1521671205000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-to-stop-a-nuclear-war-the-non-proliferation-treaty-explained","title":"How to Stop a Nuclear War: The Non-Proliferation Treaty, Explained","publishDate":1521671205,"format":"video","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>A 50-year-old compromise that helped pull the world back from the brink of nuclear disaster now faces an uncertain future (as does the world).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/npt/text/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)\u003c/a>, signed in 1968 by the United States, Russia and other major world powers, stipulated that countries with nuclear weapons would take steps to reduce their stockpiles, and those without wouldn't attempt to acquire any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a last ditch effort to stem the spread of nuclear weapons technology and reduce the risk of catastrophic nuclear war, particularly between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our latest \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/abovethenoise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video points out, the treaty didn't stop proliferation altogether, but it did help dramatically slow down the nuclear arms race of the Cold War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, 16 nations agreed to abandon their budding nuclear programs. Nearly every nation in the world has now signed on to it (with a handful of notable exceptions). And while Russian and the U.S. still posess the vast majority of the world's nuclear weapons, the total number of warheads worldwide has dropped sharply: there are roughly 15,000 today, down from around 70,000 in the 1980s. Only nine nations are currently known to have them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/Lesson-Plan_-Nukes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nuclear weapons lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But with U.S.-Russian tensions again on the rise, and both of its hawkish leaders increasingly determined to rebuild their nuclear arsenals, the NPT faces its biggest challenge yet. That’s particularly worrisome given the pace of nuclear weapons development in North Korea and Iran, two of the countries that are not part of the deal and who both pose some degree of threat to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Explore this collection of multimedia resources produced by the \u003ca class=\"processed\" href=\"http://cfr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Council on Foreign Relations\u003c/a> and \u003ca class=\"processed\" href=\"http://www.mediastorm.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MediaStorm\u003c/a>, to learn more about the history of the NPT and where it may be headed. It includes a series of interactive timelines and a map -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-governance-monitor#!/nuclear-proliferation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View a full-screen version of the interactive here\u003c/a>. Below that is a nuts-and-bolts rundown of the NPT and how it works, based on an analysis by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nti.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nuclear Threat Initiative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-governance-monitor#!/nuclear-proliferation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1550\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who's involved (and who isn't)?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>There are currently 190 state parties to the NPT, making it the most widely adhered-to arms control treaty in history.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The NPT designates five parties as \u003ca href=\"http://tutorials.nti.org/glossary/?term=Nuclear-weapon%20states\">nuclear-weapon states\u003c/a> (NWS): China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. All five detonated a nuclear device before January 1, 1967. The 185 other signatories are classified as \u003ca href=\"http://tutorials.nti.org/glossary/?term=Non-nuclear%20weapon%20state\">non-nuclear-weapon states\u003c/a> (NNWS). The NPT is effectively a “grand bargain” between the nuclear “haves” and “have-nots.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>There are only four states that never signed the treaty: India, Israel, Pakistan, and newly independent South Sudan. The first three states all have nuclear weapons, but because they did not detonate a nuclear explosive device before January 1, 1967, they are not technically considered Nuclear Weapons States under the NPT. Joining the treaty would require them to eliminate their nuclear arsenals. South Africa underwent this process in 1991, when it relinquished its nuclear weapons and joined the NPT.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>North Korea withdrew from the NPT in Jan. 2003, the only nation to walk away from the treaty.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What was the NPT created to do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The treaty aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to additional countries while ensuring that non-nuclear weapon states have access to peaceful nuclear technology.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The NPT has three “pillars” or core objectives: disarmament (reducing stockpiles), nonproliferation, and peaceful uses of nuclear technology.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The treaty’s ultimate goal is the complete elimination of nuclear weapons.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>As part of the treaty, the five nuclear states agree to not transfer nuclear weapons to non-nuclear states or encourage them to acquire these weapons.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The non-nuclear signatories agree to not build, acquire, possess, or seek to obtain nuclear weapons or receive transfers of nuclear weapons or any other nuclear explosive devices from anyone; they can still develop peaceful nuclear technology, but must agree to international inspections to verify that nuclear material is not used to manufacture weapons.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is the treaty maintained and enforced?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Every five years, state parties gather for a review conference to assess the implementation of the treaty and identify future steps and priorities. States who believe that the treaty jeopardizes their supreme national interests may withdraw from the NPT. But they must give notice to other parties of the NPT and the \u003ca href=\"http://tutorials.nti.org/glossary/?term=United%20Nations%20Security%20Council\">United Nations Security Council\u003c/a>. Their withdrawal enters into force three months after this advance notice.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Non-nuclear weapons states in the treaty are required to allow the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iaea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Atomic Energy Agency \u003c/a>to inspect their civil nuclear facilities and ensure that nuclear material is not being diverted for purposes other than energy generation. In nuclear states, these safeguards only apply under a \"voluntary offer agreement.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How the Non-Proliferation Treaty helped prevent nuclear war and where we go from here.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1521760088,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-governance-monitor#!/nuclear-proliferation"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":847},"headData":{"title":"How to Stop a Nuclear War: The Non-Proliferation Treaty, Explained | KQED","description":"How the Non-Proliferation Treaty helped prevent nuclear war and where we go from here.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"30398 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=30398","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/03/21/how-to-stop-a-nuclear-war-the-non-proliferation-treaty-explained/","disqusTitle":"How to Stop a Nuclear War: The Non-Proliferation Treaty, Explained","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/0jfv-uvwF14","path":"/lowdown/30398/how-to-stop-a-nuclear-war-the-non-proliferation-treaty-explained","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A 50-year-old compromise that helped pull the world back from the brink of nuclear disaster now faces an uncertain future (as does the world).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/npt/text/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)\u003c/a>, signed in 1968 by the United States, Russia and other major world powers, stipulated that countries with nuclear weapons would take steps to reduce their stockpiles, and those without wouldn't attempt to acquire any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a last ditch effort to stem the spread of nuclear weapons technology and reduce the risk of catastrophic nuclear war, particularly between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our latest \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/abovethenoise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video points out, the treaty didn't stop proliferation altogether, but it did help dramatically slow down the nuclear arms race of the Cold War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, 16 nations agreed to abandon their budding nuclear programs. Nearly every nation in the world has now signed on to it (with a handful of notable exceptions). And while Russian and the U.S. still posess the vast majority of the world's nuclear weapons, the total number of warheads worldwide has dropped sharply: there are roughly 15,000 today, down from around 70,000 in the 1980s. Only nine nations are currently known to have them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/Lesson-Plan_-Nukes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nuclear weapons lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But with U.S.-Russian tensions again on the rise, and both of its hawkish leaders increasingly determined to rebuild their nuclear arsenals, the NPT faces its biggest challenge yet. That’s particularly worrisome given the pace of nuclear weapons development in North Korea and Iran, two of the countries that are not part of the deal and who both pose some degree of threat to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Explore this collection of multimedia resources produced by the \u003ca class=\"processed\" href=\"http://cfr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Council on Foreign Relations\u003c/a> and \u003ca class=\"processed\" href=\"http://www.mediastorm.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MediaStorm\u003c/a>, to learn more about the history of the NPT and where it may be headed. It includes a series of interactive timelines and a map -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-governance-monitor#!/nuclear-proliferation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View a full-screen version of the interactive here\u003c/a>. Below that is a nuts-and-bolts rundown of the NPT and how it works, based on an analysis by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nti.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nuclear Threat Initiative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"withMargin\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-governance-monitor#!/nuclear-proliferation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1550\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who's involved (and who isn't)?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>There are currently 190 state parties to the NPT, making it the most widely adhered-to arms control treaty in history.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The NPT designates five parties as \u003ca href=\"http://tutorials.nti.org/glossary/?term=Nuclear-weapon%20states\">nuclear-weapon states\u003c/a> (NWS): China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. All five detonated a nuclear device before January 1, 1967. The 185 other signatories are classified as \u003ca href=\"http://tutorials.nti.org/glossary/?term=Non-nuclear%20weapon%20state\">non-nuclear-weapon states\u003c/a> (NNWS). The NPT is effectively a “grand bargain” between the nuclear “haves” and “have-nots.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>There are only four states that never signed the treaty: India, Israel, Pakistan, and newly independent South Sudan. The first three states all have nuclear weapons, but because they did not detonate a nuclear explosive device before January 1, 1967, they are not technically considered Nuclear Weapons States under the NPT. Joining the treaty would require them to eliminate their nuclear arsenals. South Africa underwent this process in 1991, when it relinquished its nuclear weapons and joined the NPT.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>North Korea withdrew from the NPT in Jan. 2003, the only nation to walk away from the treaty.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What was the NPT created to do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The treaty aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to additional countries while ensuring that non-nuclear weapon states have access to peaceful nuclear technology.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The NPT has three “pillars” or core objectives: disarmament (reducing stockpiles), nonproliferation, and peaceful uses of nuclear technology.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The treaty’s ultimate goal is the complete elimination of nuclear weapons.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>As part of the treaty, the five nuclear states agree to not transfer nuclear weapons to non-nuclear states or encourage them to acquire these weapons.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The non-nuclear signatories agree to not build, acquire, possess, or seek to obtain nuclear weapons or receive transfers of nuclear weapons or any other nuclear explosive devices from anyone; they can still develop peaceful nuclear technology, but must agree to international inspections to verify that nuclear material is not used to manufacture weapons.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is the treaty maintained and enforced?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Every five years, state parties gather for a review conference to assess the implementation of the treaty and identify future steps and priorities. States who believe that the treaty jeopardizes their supreme national interests may withdraw from the NPT. But they must give notice to other parties of the NPT and the \u003ca href=\"http://tutorials.nti.org/glossary/?term=United%20Nations%20Security%20Council\">United Nations Security Council\u003c/a>. Their withdrawal enters into force three months after this advance notice.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Non-nuclear weapons states in the treaty are required to allow the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iaea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Atomic Energy Agency \u003c/a>to inspect their civil nuclear facilities and ensure that nuclear material is not being diverted for purposes other than energy generation. In nuclear states, these safeguards only apply under a \"voluntary offer agreement.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/30398/how-to-stop-a-nuclear-war-the-non-proliferation-treaty-explained","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2618","lowdown_1"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2651"],"featImg":"lowdown_30440","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_30343":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_30343","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"30343","score":null,"sort":[1520454545000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"heres-the-deal-with-free-speech-and-hate-speech-on-campus","title":"An Illustrated Guide to Free Speech and Hate Speech on Campus","publishDate":1520454545,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>https://youtu.be/t_fYFSX5A44\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2017 was a big year, and important test, for free speech in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From white nationalist rallies to black NFL players taking a knee during the National Anthem, high profile examples of political expression were on full display, attracting tons of media attention and provoking heated debates about that most fundamental of American rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video explains, public university campuses, in particular, have been reluctant hosts to some of the most explosive clashes over free speech, especially hate speech against specific disenfranchised groups of people. And figuring out what illegal vs. what's just really nasty and not cool can get really confusing fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make some sense of it all, comic journalist Andy Warner breaks down some of these definitions and legalities. (The article continues below the comic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full-.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-30346 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"4199\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full-.png 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--160x1084.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--240x1625.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--375x2540.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--520x3522.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s administration has been unequivocal in its support of free speech, refusing to discriminate, even the ugliest forms of speech. Last year the school consistently allowed controversial speakers on campus. In some cases, it even spent hundreds of thousands of dollars on security to maintain safety at the events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these speakers have drawn thousands of protesters determined to shut them down. They say it’s one thing to encourage free speech that fosters debate, but hateful speech that specifically targets disenfranchised communities can cause serious harm and has no place on a public campus that’s supposed to be a safe and inclusive environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When speech is grounded in hate for another person, it’s not free speech any more,” Zaynab Abdulqadir-Morris, a Cal senior and president of the Associated Students of the University of California \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/08/24/uc-berkeley-tries-to-reclaim-its-free-speech-legacy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told the Mercury News\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But campus officials argue that a publicly-funded university like UC Berkeley has a legal obligation to allow everyone to speak on campus, no matter how extreme or offensive their views (unlike a private institution that has more leeway to limit speech).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite rejecting what these speakers stand for, the administration says it would nevertheless be setting a dangerous precedent if a public university (or the government, for that matter) was allowed to decide what forms of speech are acceptable or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2017/08/23/chancellor-christ-free-speech-is-who-we-are/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=facebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter written last August\u003c/a> to UC Berkeley students and faculty, Chancellor Carol Christ explained this rationale:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some constitutionally protected speech attacks the very identity of particular groups of individuals in ways that are deeply hurtful. However, the right response is not the heckler’s veto, or what some call platform denial. Call toxic speech out for what it is, don’t shout it down, for in shouting it down, you collude in the narrative that universities are not open to all speech.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A video and comic on hate speech, prohibited speech and everything in between. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1574225887,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":466},"headData":{"title":"An Illustrated Guide to Free Speech and Hate Speech on Campus | KQED","description":"A video and comic on hate speech, prohibited speech and everything in between. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"30343 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=30343","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2018/03/07/heres-the-deal-with-free-speech-and-hate-speech-on-campus/","disqusTitle":"An Illustrated Guide to Free Speech and Hate Speech on Campus","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/t_fYFSX5A44","path":"/lowdown/30343/heres-the-deal-with-free-speech-and-hate-speech-on-campus","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/t_fYFSX5A44'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/t_fYFSX5A44'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>2017 was a big year, and important test, for free speech in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From white nationalist rallies to black NFL players taking a knee during the National Anthem, high profile examples of political expression were on full display, attracting tons of media attention and provoking heated debates about that most fundamental of American rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Above the Noise\u003c/a> video explains, public university campuses, in particular, have been reluctant hosts to some of the most explosive clashes over free speech, especially hate speech against specific disenfranchised groups of people. And figuring out what illegal vs. what's just really nasty and not cool can get really confusing fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make some sense of it all, comic journalist Andy Warner breaks down some of these definitions and legalities. (The article continues below the comic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full-.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-30346 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full-.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"4199\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full-.png 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--160x1084.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--240x1625.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--375x2540.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2018/03/CampusSpeech_full--520x3522.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s administration has been unequivocal in its support of free speech, refusing to discriminate, even the ugliest forms of speech. Last year the school consistently allowed controversial speakers on campus. In some cases, it even spent hundreds of thousands of dollars on security to maintain safety at the events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these speakers have drawn thousands of protesters determined to shut them down. They say it’s one thing to encourage free speech that fosters debate, but hateful speech that specifically targets disenfranchised communities can cause serious harm and has no place on a public campus that’s supposed to be a safe and inclusive environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When speech is grounded in hate for another person, it’s not free speech any more,” Zaynab Abdulqadir-Morris, a Cal senior and president of the Associated Students of the University of California \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/08/24/uc-berkeley-tries-to-reclaim-its-free-speech-legacy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told the Mercury News\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But campus officials argue that a publicly-funded university like UC Berkeley has a legal obligation to allow everyone to speak on campus, no matter how extreme or offensive their views (unlike a private institution that has more leeway to limit speech).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite rejecting what these speakers stand for, the administration says it would nevertheless be setting a dangerous precedent if a public university (or the government, for that matter) was allowed to decide what forms of speech are acceptable or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2017/08/23/chancellor-christ-free-speech-is-who-we-are/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=facebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter written last August\u003c/a> to UC Berkeley students and faculty, Chancellor Carol Christ explained this rationale:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some constitutionally protected speech attacks the very identity of particular groups of individuals in ways that are deeply hurtful. However, the right response is not the heckler’s veto, or what some call platform denial. Call toxic speech out for what it is, don’t shout it down, for in shouting it down, you collude in the narrative that universities are not open to all speech.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/30343/heres-the-deal-with-free-speech-and-hate-speech-on-campus","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2618","lowdown_2390","lowdown_588"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2649"],"featImg":"lowdown_30349","label":"lowdown"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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