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Danielle Levac is studying the link between virtual and physical rehabilitation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"WATCH: Can Virtual Reality Transform Physical Therapy?","datePublished":"2018-09-01T00:37:47.000Z","dateModified":"2018-09-01T00:37:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444222 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444222","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/08/31/watch-can-virtual-reality-transform-physical-therapy/","disqusTitle":"WATCH: Can Virtual Reality Transform Physical Therapy?","source":"Hope/Hype","nprByline":"Alex Hogan\u003cbr />STAT","path":"/futureofyou/444222/watch-can-virtual-reality-transform-physical-therapy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/necffi60Fs4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/necffi60Fs4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers have long seen the potential of \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/02/05/aging-japan-robots-virtual-reality/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">virtual reality\u003c/a> in rehabilitating patients with movement disorders. But do treatments using VR have advantages over traditional physical therapy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Levac at Northeastern University’s ReGame laboratory is trying to answer that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we don’t know enough of is when you learn a skill in a virtual environment, to what extent does that actually help you get better at that skill in real life?” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levac’s work focuses on children with cerebral palsy and other movement disorders, and to measure any success, she first must come up with a baseline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent day, Levac was putting 9-year-old Mattea through a series of games developed by the lab to see how she might ordinarily expect a child to perform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While VR won’t replace traditional physical therapy, Levac sees its promise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that these games can provide a very useful adjunct that can potentially offer some extra benefits,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/08/31/virtual-reality-physical-therapy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444222/watch-can-virtual-reality-transform-physical-therapy","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444222"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_61","futureofyou_1056","futureofyou_35","futureofyou_380"],"collections":["futureofyou_1097"],"featImg":"futureofyou_221158","label":"source_futureofyou_444222"},"futureofyou_438099":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_438099","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"438099","score":null,"sort":[1514653242000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"four-thought-provoking-book-excerpts-from-future-of-you","title":"Four Thought-Provoking Book Excerpts You May Have Missed","publishDate":1514653242,"format":"aside","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Here at \u003cem>Future of You\u003c/em> headquarters, also known as my desk, we've posted what we think are some compelling and thought-provoking \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/book-excerpts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">book excerpts\u003c/a> over the past couple of years. If you are looking to clear your post-New Year's Eve haze, give these a read ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/22/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Stanford's Virtual Reality Lab Turned Me Into a Cow, Then Sent Me to the Slaughterhouse\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/22/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel='\"noopener'>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-150203\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow-1180x467.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"639\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow-1180x467.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow-400x158.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow-800x317.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow-768x304.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow-960x380.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>From \"We Have the Technology: How Biohackers, Foodies, Physicians, and Scientists are Transforming Human Perception, One Sense at a Time,\" by Kara Platoni\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you become a nonhuman in virtual reality, will you gain empathy? This was Platoni's experience at Stanford's Virtual Human Interaction Lab, where she was, through the magic of VR, turned into a cow then unceremoniously killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A wave of sadness and horror hits me with the word 'slaughterhouse.' The suddenness of the announcement, the feeling of being trapped, the guilt and responsibility I feel for my cow avatar, who I somehow feel is me ... it's remarkably heavy for having been in this virtual life only a few minutes.\"\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/22/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/22/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the excerpt\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/03/for-first-week-january-on-social-media-the-self-as-its-own-object-of-worship/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>In the Era of Instagram, Narcissism as the New Norm\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/03/for-first-week-january-on-social-media-the-self-as-its-own-object-of-worship/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-304140 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-1020x675.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-1020x675.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-768x508.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-1180x781.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>From \"The Attention Merchants,\" by Tim Wu\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media has created an 'attention economy' that's \"devolved into a chaotic mutual admiration society, full of enterprising Narcissi,\" writes Wu. With the advent of the smartphone and Instagram, \"much of the power of a great film studio was now in every hand attached to a heart yearning for fame; not only could one create an image to rival those of the old icons of glamour, but one could put it on a platform where millions might potentially see it.\" This, Wu argues, \"warps our understanding of our own existence and its relation to others. That this should become the manner of being for us all is surely the definitive dystopic vision of late modernity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/03/for-first-week-january-on-social-media-the-self-as-its-own-object-of-worship/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the excerpt\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/28/how-technology-ruined-the-radiology-profession/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Has Technology Ruined the Radiology Profession?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/radiology1-e1476734001207.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-264973 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/radiology1-1180x818.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"444\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>From “The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype, and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine’s Computer Age,\" by Bob Wachter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because radiology was the first medical specialty to computerize, what has happened to the profession is our canary in the digital coal mine, Wachter writes. Radiology was once the \"beating heart\" of hospitals, where \"everybody from the lowliest student to the loftiest transplant surgeon\" brought films for deciphering. Now? Game changing technology has created powerful new functionality that has some wondering if radiologists have not been turned into “disembodied functionaries, more akin to servicing technicians than professional colleagues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/28/how-technology-ruined-the-radiology-profession/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the excerpt.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/06/advanced-prenatal-testing-will-mean-more-gut-wrenching-decisions-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Advanced Prenatal Testing Means More Gut-Wrenching Decisions Over Abortion\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/06/advanced-prenatal-testing-will-mean-more-gut-wrenching-decisions-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-436849 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>From \"The Gene Machine,\" by Bonnie Rochman\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advanced prenatal genetic testing has transformed every fetus into an \"at risk\" entity, says Rochman. \"While there are women who’d never opt for an abortion, it’s disingenuous to ignore the fact that terminating a pregnancy is one possible outcome of earlier, more sophisticated genetic tests. The issue of how people feel about disability and, in turn, how that impacts their decisions regarding abortion is an essential aspect of any discussion about advances in prenatal testing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/06/advanced-prenatal-testing-will-mean-more-gut-wrenching-decisions-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the excerpt\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>More excerpts from Future of You:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/07/will-computers-ever-be-able-to-make-diagnoses-as-well-as-physicians/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Will Computers Ever Be as Good as Physicians at Diagnosing Patients? \u003c/a>from “The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype, and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine’s Computer Age,\" by Bob Wachter\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/29/clinical-trials-on-trial-the-ethics-of-withholding-life-saving-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Ethics of Withholding Lifesaving Treatment\u003c/a>, from “Algorithms to Live By: The Computer Science of Human Decisions,” by Brian Christian and Tom Griffiths\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/07/can-taking-tylenol-help-you-get-over-a-romantic-breakup-maybe/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Taking Tylenol for Heartache: The Relationship Between Emotional and Physical Pain\u003c/a>, from \"We Have the Technology: How Biohackers, Foodies, Physicians, and Scientists are Transforming Human Perception, One Sense at a Time,\"\u003cem> \u003c/em>by Kara Platoni\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/23/the-online-life-as-both-liberation-and-imprisonment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Online Life, as Both Liberation and Imprisonment\u003c/a>, from \"The Four-Dimensional Human,\" by Laurence Scott\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/12/how-the-media-came-to-embrace-clickbait-an-internet-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How the Media Came to Embrace Clickbait: An Internet History\u003c/a>, from \"The Attention Merchants,\" by Tim Wu\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Stanford's VR lab turns one author into a cow then kills her; digital narcissism as the new norm; advanced prenatal testing's real topic: abortion; and ... has technology ruined the radiology profession?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1515776848,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":672},"headData":{"title":"Four Thought-Provoking Book Excerpts You May Have Missed | KQED","description":"Stanford's VR lab turns one author into a cow then kills her; digital narcissism as the new norm; advanced prenatal testing's real topic: abortion; and ... has technology ruined the radiology profession?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Four Thought-Provoking Book Excerpts You May Have Missed","datePublished":"2017-12-30T17:00:42.000Z","dateModified":"2018-01-12T17:07:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"438099 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=438099","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/12/30/four-thought-provoking-book-excerpts-from-future-of-you/","disqusTitle":"Four Thought-Provoking Book Excerpts You May Have Missed","path":"/futureofyou/438099/four-thought-provoking-book-excerpts-from-future-of-you","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here at \u003cem>Future of You\u003c/em> headquarters, also known as my desk, we've posted what we think are some compelling and thought-provoking \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/book-excerpts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">book excerpts\u003c/a> over the past couple of years. If you are looking to clear your post-New Year's Eve haze, give these a read ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/22/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Stanford's Virtual Reality Lab Turned Me Into a Cow, Then Sent Me to the Slaughterhouse\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/22/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel='\"noopener'>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-150203\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow-1180x467.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"639\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow-1180x467.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow-400x158.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow-800x317.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow-768x304.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/I-Am-a-Cow-960x380.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>From \"We Have the Technology: How Biohackers, Foodies, Physicians, and Scientists are Transforming Human Perception, One Sense at a Time,\" by Kara Platoni\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you become a nonhuman in virtual reality, will you gain empathy? This was Platoni's experience at Stanford's Virtual Human Interaction Lab, where she was, through the magic of VR, turned into a cow then unceremoniously killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A wave of sadness and horror hits me with the word 'slaughterhouse.' The suddenness of the announcement, the feeling of being trapped, the guilt and responsibility I feel for my cow avatar, who I somehow feel is me ... it's remarkably heavy for having been in this virtual life only a few minutes.\"\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/22/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/22/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the excerpt\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/03/for-first-week-january-on-social-media-the-self-as-its-own-object-of-worship/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>In the Era of Instagram, Narcissism as the New Norm\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/03/for-first-week-january-on-social-media-the-self-as-its-own-object-of-worship/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-304140 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-1020x675.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-1020x675.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-768x508.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-1180x781.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/HillarySelfies-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>From \"The Attention Merchants,\" by Tim Wu\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media has created an 'attention economy' that's \"devolved into a chaotic mutual admiration society, full of enterprising Narcissi,\" writes Wu. With the advent of the smartphone and Instagram, \"much of the power of a great film studio was now in every hand attached to a heart yearning for fame; not only could one create an image to rival those of the old icons of glamour, but one could put it on a platform where millions might potentially see it.\" This, Wu argues, \"warps our understanding of our own existence and its relation to others. That this should become the manner of being for us all is surely the definitive dystopic vision of late modernity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/03/for-first-week-january-on-social-media-the-self-as-its-own-object-of-worship/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the excerpt\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/28/how-technology-ruined-the-radiology-profession/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Has Technology Ruined the Radiology Profession?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/radiology1-e1476734001207.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-264973 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/10/radiology1-1180x818.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"444\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>From “The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype, and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine’s Computer Age,\" by Bob Wachter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because radiology was the first medical specialty to computerize, what has happened to the profession is our canary in the digital coal mine, Wachter writes. Radiology was once the \"beating heart\" of hospitals, where \"everybody from the lowliest student to the loftiest transplant surgeon\" brought films for deciphering. Now? Game changing technology has created powerful new functionality that has some wondering if radiologists have not been turned into “disembodied functionaries, more akin to servicing technicians than professional colleagues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/28/how-technology-ruined-the-radiology-profession/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the excerpt.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/06/advanced-prenatal-testing-will-mean-more-gut-wrenching-decisions-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Advanced Prenatal Testing Means More Gut-Wrenching Decisions Over Abortion\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/06/advanced-prenatal-testing-will-mean-more-gut-wrenching-decisions-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-436849 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2029/11/abortion_genetics1-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>From \"The Gene Machine,\" by Bonnie Rochman\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advanced prenatal genetic testing has transformed every fetus into an \"at risk\" entity, says Rochman. \"While there are women who’d never opt for an abortion, it’s disingenuous to ignore the fact that terminating a pregnancy is one possible outcome of earlier, more sophisticated genetic tests. The issue of how people feel about disability and, in turn, how that impacts their decisions regarding abortion is an essential aspect of any discussion about advances in prenatal testing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/06/advanced-prenatal-testing-will-mean-more-gut-wrenching-decisions-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the excerpt\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>More excerpts from Future of You:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/07/will-computers-ever-be-able-to-make-diagnoses-as-well-as-physicians/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Will Computers Ever Be as Good as Physicians at Diagnosing Patients? \u003c/a>from “The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype, and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine’s Computer Age,\" by Bob Wachter\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/29/clinical-trials-on-trial-the-ethics-of-withholding-life-saving-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Ethics of Withholding Lifesaving Treatment\u003c/a>, from “Algorithms to Live By: The Computer Science of Human Decisions,” by Brian Christian and Tom Griffiths\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/07/can-taking-tylenol-help-you-get-over-a-romantic-breakup-maybe/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Taking Tylenol for Heartache: The Relationship Between Emotional and Physical Pain\u003c/a>, from \"We Have the Technology: How Biohackers, Foodies, Physicians, and Scientists are Transforming Human Perception, One Sense at a Time,\"\u003cem> \u003c/em>by Kara Platoni\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/23/the-online-life-as-both-liberation-and-imprisonment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Online Life, as Both Liberation and Imprisonment\u003c/a>, from \"The Four-Dimensional Human,\" by Laurence Scott\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/12/how-the-media-came-to-embrace-clickbait-an-internet-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How the Media Came to Embrace Clickbait: An Internet History\u003c/a>, from \"The Attention Merchants,\" by Tim Wu\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/438099/four-thought-provoking-book-excerpts-from-future-of-you","authors":["80"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1439","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_1447","futureofyou_1104","futureofyou_174","futureofyou_380"],"featImg":"futureofyou_150203","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_436086":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_436086","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"436086","score":null,"sort":[1509406004000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"pain-patients-ditch-opioids-using-virtual-reality-video","title":"Using Virtual Reality, Not Opioids, to Reduce Pain (Video)","publishDate":1509406004,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>As part of its series on the opioid crisis, PBS NewsHour's Miles O'Brien earlier this month looked at cutting-edge pain treatment that allows patients to take fewer pills. These non-pharmacological approaches include hypnosis, physical therapy and even virtual reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR program is known as SnowWorld, and it's used to treat burn patients. O'Brien himself suffers from chronic pain related to a phantom limb -- he \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2014/02/25/miles-o-brien-amputation/5817755/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lost part of his left arm\u003c/a> in 2014 after an accident involving TV gear. In the video below, you'll see O'Brien use SnowWorld to withstand painful heat applied to his forearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Intent on hurling snowballs at penguins. I didn't feel heat at all,\" O'Brien says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he didn't feel the phantom pain from his missing limb, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DM9WrnvS8lM&ab_channel=PBSNewsHour\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As part of its series on the opioid crisis, PBS NewsHour's Miles O'Brien earlier this month examined cutting-edge pain treatment that allows patients to take fewer pills.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1509406881,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":146},"headData":{"title":"Using Virtual Reality, Not Opioids, to Reduce Pain (Video) | KQED","description":"As part of its series on the opioid crisis, PBS NewsHour's Miles O'Brien earlier this month examined cutting-edge pain treatment that allows patients to take fewer pills.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Using Virtual Reality, Not Opioids, to Reduce Pain (Video)","datePublished":"2017-10-30T23:26:44.000Z","dateModified":"2017-10-30T23:41:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"436086 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=436086","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/30/pain-patients-ditch-opioids-using-virtual-reality-video/","disqusTitle":"Using Virtual Reality, Not Opioids, to Reduce Pain (Video)","source":"Future of You","nprByline":"PBS NewsHour","path":"/futureofyou/436086/pain-patients-ditch-opioids-using-virtual-reality-video","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As part of its series on the opioid crisis, PBS NewsHour's Miles O'Brien earlier this month looked at cutting-edge pain treatment that allows patients to take fewer pills. These non-pharmacological approaches include hypnosis, physical therapy and even virtual reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR program is known as SnowWorld, and it's used to treat burn patients. O'Brien himself suffers from chronic pain related to a phantom limb -- he \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2014/02/25/miles-o-brien-amputation/5817755/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lost part of his left arm\u003c/a> in 2014 after an accident involving TV gear. In the video below, you'll see O'Brien use SnowWorld to withstand painful heat applied to his forearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Intent on hurling snowballs at penguins. I didn't feel heat at all,\" O'Brien says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he didn't feel the phantom pain from his missing limb, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/DM9WrnvS8lM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/DM9WrnvS8lM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/436086/pain-patients-ditch-opioids-using-virtual-reality-video","authors":["byline_futureofyou_436086"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_1063"],"tags":["futureofyou_938","futureofyou_379","futureofyou_380","futureofyou_668"],"featImg":"futureofyou_436721","label":"source_futureofyou_436086"},"futureofyou_322483":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_322483","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"322483","score":null,"sort":[1484856985000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-virtual-reality-an-empathy-machine-some-charities-think-so","title":"Is Virtual Reality an 'Empathy Machine'? Some Charities Think So","publishDate":1484856985,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Media coverage of tragedy — terrorist attacks, homelessness, the refugee crisis — can be so overwhelming it's numbing. Charities say it can also make it harder to get support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"EptXNcfPE3jycvkr9LahlMZvHL93Ccc0\"]Some are hoping a new form of media will be more persuasive — virtual reality or VR, which they think makes people more empathetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent New York City fundraiser for the International Rescue Committee, attendees could step away from the mingling and have a more direct connection to the people they were there to help. A few seats were set up where the guests could sit down and put on a VR headset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they've donned the headset the guest is \u003ca href=\"https://www.rescue.org/four-walls\">immersed in the world of a refugee camp\u003c/a> in Lebanon. Cheryl Henson, an IRC donor, says that via VR she was in a family's tent, watching children play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a very effective way to feel like you're there in the room because you have a real sense of these are real people,\" she says. \"There's the food, there's the clothes, there's the talk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sense of really being there is why some fans of VR have dubbed it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/09/11/439199892/what-happens-when-we-step-inside-the-screen\">\"the empathy machine.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henson's reaction was fairly typical of others who have tried the Lebanon experience, says Cathe Neukum, executive producer for the IRC. \"We can't bring donors or people to the field, but we bring the field to donors and our constituents and our supporters,\" she says. \"That's what's so great about VR; that's what makes it, I think, such an important tool for charities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other charities are also trying VR, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.360syria.com/\">Amnesty International\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.clintonfoundation.org/clinton-global-initiative/inside-impact-east-africa\">Clinton Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The goal ultimately is that when you take the headset off, you have the inspiration to act in real life,\" says Gordon Meyer, director of marketing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.youvisit.com/\">YouVisit\u003c/a>, which created the VR experience for the IRC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows for sure whether VR is a more powerful tool than other media for getting people to act charitably, but it is a subject of serious study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeremy Bailenson, the founding director of Stanford University's \u003ca href=\"http://vhil.stanford.edu/\">Virtual Human Interaction Lab\u003c/a>, has been studying VR since its earliest days. He says there is increasing evidence that VR can be more effective than other media in evoking empathy. But it has to be done right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we know how to do well is to create these experiences that really leverage what's called embodied cognition, which is moving through a space, looking around, using your eyes, using your body to interact with the scene and that's what makes VR special,\" Bailenson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now his lab is studying whether VR makes people more empathetic to homeless people than other forms of media do. One group gets a video or some literature and the other group has the VR experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR experience puts you in the shoes of someone who goes through a journey that ends in homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You start out in your home and you find out that you've lost your job,\" Bailenson says. \"You struggle to make rent and you use your body to pick items in your home to sell to try to make your rent so you don't get evicted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, you do get evicted. And you find yourself living in your car. Your car gets towed and you find yourself trying to sleep on a bus. On the bus, you must guard your backpack from thieves all night long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Vignesh Ramachandran, who participated in the study, says he's read a lot about homelessness but something about the experience of protecting his stuff on the bus got to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just remember thinking like, 'Oh my gosh' you just can't imagine having to constantly be looking out for your safety just when you're trying to get a good night's sleep,\" he says. \"That part was like striking to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the VR experience the participants are asked to sign a petition for housing for the homeless. The study will look at whether they or the people who read material and saw a video are more likely to sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But using VR to promote empathy has its skeptics. \u003ca href=\"http://bostonreview.net/forum/paul-bloom-against-empathy\">Paul Bloom\u003c/a>, a Yale psychology professor and author of \u003cem>Against Empathy, \u003c/em>thinks that if these kinds of VR experiences become common they will be no more effective than any other media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Empathy — feeling the suffering of other people — is fatiguing. It leads to burnout. It leads to withdrawal,\" Bloom says. \"The best therapists, the best doctors, the best philanthropists are people who don't feel the suffering of others. It's just people who care about others want to help, but do it joyously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloom says he may be old school, but he thinks if you really want to get into the head of another human being and understand them, try reading a good novel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+Virtual+Reality+Make+You+More+Empathetic%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Charities are using virtual reality to immerse people in the plight of refugees and others who need help. Researchers are studying whether it's more effective than other media. And there are skeptics.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1484857348,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":841},"headData":{"title":"Is Virtual Reality an 'Empathy Machine'? Some Charities Think So | KQED","description":"Charities are using virtual reality to immerse people in the plight of refugees and others who need help. Researchers are studying whether it's more effective than other media. And there are skeptics.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Is Virtual Reality an 'Empathy Machine'? Some Charities Think So","datePublished":"2017-01-19T20:16:25.000Z","dateModified":"2017-01-19T20:22:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"322483 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=322483","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/19/is-virtual-reality-an-empathy-machine-some-charities-think-so/","disqusTitle":"Is Virtual Reality an 'Empathy Machine'? Some Charities Think So","nprByline":"Laura Sydell\u003cbr />NPR All Tech Considered","nprImageAgency":"YouVisit Studios","nprStoryId":"508617333","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=508617333&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/01/09/508617333/can-virtual-reality-make-you-more-empathetic?ft=nprml&f=508617333","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 09 Jan 2017 16:46:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 09 Jan 2017 16:46:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 09 Jan 2017 16:52:28 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/01/20170109_atc_can_virtual_reality_make_you_more_empathetic.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1019&d=285&p=2&story=508617333&t=progseg&e=509001287&seg=9&ft=nprml&f=508617333","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1509001416-d86b6b.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1019&d=285&p=2&story=508617333&t=progseg&e=509001287&seg=9&ft=nprml&f=508617333","path":"/futureofyou/322483/is-virtual-reality-an-empathy-machine-some-charities-think-so","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/01/20170109_atc_can_virtual_reality_make_you_more_empathetic.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1019&d=285&p=2&story=508617333&t=progseg&e=509001287&seg=9&ft=nprml&f=508617333","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Media coverage of tragedy — terrorist attacks, homelessness, the refugee crisis — can be so overwhelming it's numbing. Charities say it can also make it harder to get support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Some are hoping a new form of media will be more persuasive — virtual reality or VR, which they think makes people more empathetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent New York City fundraiser for the International Rescue Committee, attendees could step away from the mingling and have a more direct connection to the people they were there to help. A few seats were set up where the guests could sit down and put on a VR headset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they've donned the headset the guest is \u003ca href=\"https://www.rescue.org/four-walls\">immersed in the world of a refugee camp\u003c/a> in Lebanon. Cheryl Henson, an IRC donor, says that via VR she was in a family's tent, watching children play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a very effective way to feel like you're there in the room because you have a real sense of these are real people,\" she says. \"There's the food, there's the clothes, there's the talk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sense of really being there is why some fans of VR have dubbed it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/09/11/439199892/what-happens-when-we-step-inside-the-screen\">\"the empathy machine.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henson's reaction was fairly typical of others who have tried the Lebanon experience, says Cathe Neukum, executive producer for the IRC. \"We can't bring donors or people to the field, but we bring the field to donors and our constituents and our supporters,\" she says. \"That's what's so great about VR; that's what makes it, I think, such an important tool for charities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other charities are also trying VR, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.360syria.com/\">Amnesty International\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.clintonfoundation.org/clinton-global-initiative/inside-impact-east-africa\">Clinton Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The goal ultimately is that when you take the headset off, you have the inspiration to act in real life,\" says Gordon Meyer, director of marketing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.youvisit.com/\">YouVisit\u003c/a>, which created the VR experience for the IRC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows for sure whether VR is a more powerful tool than other media for getting people to act charitably, but it is a subject of serious study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeremy Bailenson, the founding director of Stanford University's \u003ca href=\"http://vhil.stanford.edu/\">Virtual Human Interaction Lab\u003c/a>, has been studying VR since its earliest days. He says there is increasing evidence that VR can be more effective than other media in evoking empathy. But it has to be done right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we know how to do well is to create these experiences that really leverage what's called embodied cognition, which is moving through a space, looking around, using your eyes, using your body to interact with the scene and that's what makes VR special,\" Bailenson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now his lab is studying whether VR makes people more empathetic to homeless people than other forms of media do. One group gets a video or some literature and the other group has the VR experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR experience puts you in the shoes of someone who goes through a journey that ends in homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You start out in your home and you find out that you've lost your job,\" Bailenson says. \"You struggle to make rent and you use your body to pick items in your home to sell to try to make your rent so you don't get evicted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, you do get evicted. And you find yourself living in your car. Your car gets towed and you find yourself trying to sleep on a bus. On the bus, you must guard your backpack from thieves all night long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Vignesh Ramachandran, who participated in the study, says he's read a lot about homelessness but something about the experience of protecting his stuff on the bus got to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just remember thinking like, 'Oh my gosh' you just can't imagine having to constantly be looking out for your safety just when you're trying to get a good night's sleep,\" he says. \"That part was like striking to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the VR experience the participants are asked to sign a petition for housing for the homeless. The study will look at whether they or the people who read material and saw a video are more likely to sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But using VR to promote empathy has its skeptics. \u003ca href=\"http://bostonreview.net/forum/paul-bloom-against-empathy\">Paul Bloom\u003c/a>, a Yale psychology professor and author of \u003cem>Against Empathy, \u003c/em>thinks that if these kinds of VR experiences become common they will be no more effective than any other media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Empathy — feeling the suffering of other people — is fatiguing. It leads to burnout. It leads to withdrawal,\" Bloom says. \"The best therapists, the best doctors, the best philanthropists are people who don't feel the suffering of others. It's just people who care about others want to help, but do it joyously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloom says he may be old school, but he thinks if you really want to get into the head of another human being and understand them, try reading a good novel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+Virtual+Reality+Make+You+More+Empathetic%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/322483/is-virtual-reality-an-empathy-machine-some-charities-think-so","authors":["byline_futureofyou_322483"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_1063","futureofyou_1061"],"tags":["futureofyou_380"],"featImg":"futureofyou_322484","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_279800":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_279800","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"279800","score":null,"sort":[1479862074000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"virtual-and-augmented-reality-gear-can-help-the-visually-impaired","title":"Virtual and Augmented Reality That Helps the Visually Impaired","publishDate":1479862074,"format":"aside","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of CNET's \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/tech-enabled/\" target=\"_blank\">Tech Enabled\u003c/a>\" series about the role technology plays in helping the disability community.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality and augmented reality are often associated with gaming. For many people, the allure has to do with the ability to visit an alien world or an exotic location -- to go someplace or do something they couldn't do otherwise. Bridging worlds seems to be a sweet spot for these technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But VR and AR don't necessarily have to take users to far-off or fictional places. They also can better connect people with vision issues to the everyday world. Most take for granted the ability to sit at a computer at work and read the text on the screen, or freely and confidently walk around their home or office. These technologies aim to help people reclaim some of the vision they may have lost and to make it easier to function in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization estimates that 246 million people have low vision, which includes blurry vision, tunnel vision or blind spots that can't be corrected. The WHO also estimates that 90 percent of those who have vision problems, not just low vision, tend to have low incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Werblin, professor of neuroscience at the University of California, Berkeley, is working to bring a lower-cost vision aid to the low-vision community. About a year and a half ago, he realized he could do this by piggybacking on virtual-reality technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_284322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 719px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-284322\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR.png\" alt=\"IrisVision is an app that magnifies whatever the user is looking at. It can be used with a Samsung Gear VR headset, pictured.. \" width=\"719\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR.png 719w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-240x159.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-375x249.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-520x345.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 719px) 100vw, 719px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">IrisVision is an app that magnifies whatever the user is looking at. It can be used with a Samsung Gear VR headset, pictured.. \u003ccite>(Sarah Tew/CNET)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>IrisVision is an app that uses a Samsung Gear VR headset. It's responsive to the wearer's head movements and will magnify whatever they're directly looking at, while still providing a wide field of view. It's meant to help users better see the world, even read on a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest challenges he's trying to address is cost. Wearable vision aids can go as high as $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a huge price gap between a magnifying glass, which you could buy for $25 or $50, and what these people could really use, which is a wearable portable device, which is many thousands of dollars,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IrisVision is available online for $2,500, and in certain clinics around the country on an experimental basis. The price includes the software, headset and phone needed to power the Gear VR. Werblin, who for 44 years has been studying the way the retina functions, even took it to the California School for the Blind in Fremont, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lazy Eye No More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Werblin's not the first to use virtual-reality hardware. James Blaha had dealt with amblyopia, or lazy eye, his whole life. In the process of researching the condition and tinkering with an early Oculus Rift VR headset, the now-founder and CEO of Vivid Vision, a company that makes therapy solutions for the condition, discovered he could strengthen his weaker eye using virtual reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amblyopia occurs when one eye is far less effective than the other, and the brain tries to suppress it. This creates problems with depth perception that can make it hard to cross a busy street or drive, among other things. Conventional wisdom in the medical field has held that if the problem isn't fixed by the age of 8, it won't be fixed at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blaha is proving that idea wrong. By cranking up the brightness in the goggles for just his weaker eye, he essentially forced his brain to stop suppressing the eye. He started seeing in 3D for the first time in his life, including seeing the keys on his keyboard in relief. These days, he has 90 percent normal depth perception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're sort of outside the context of VR, particularly for the patients who use it, and definitely for the doctors who are not playing any of the VR games, typically,\" Blaha said of his company, which now has ties to about 50 clinics in the US and Canada, plus a few in Europe and Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vivid Vision is also working with UC Berkeley on improving depth perception in adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding Your Way\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the people who have difficulty seeing at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OxSight, formerly known as VA-ST, is a startup out of the University of Oxford that makes applications for those with vision problems. Its SmartSpecs headset is built as a portable device for those who are legally blind or partially sighted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SmartSpecs, which don't have a price just yet, boost the visibility of objects and faces by accentuating those objects and their edges against a darkened background. They even work in darkness, helping users find doorways or navigate around furniture. SmartSpecs' algorithms look for things like faces, including facial expressions, and text in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the real trick is coming up with ways of delivering relevant information to the user without bombarding them with irrelevant info,\" said co-founder Stephen Hicks, who is also a university research lecturer and Royal Academy of Engineering enterprise fellow at Oxford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SmartSpecs wants to give users more confidence and independence. It's set to launch mid 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have the potential,\" he said, \"to make a dent in this feeling of isolation and helplessness that many visually impaired individuals experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Often associated with gaming, VR and AR don't necessarily have to take users to far-off or fictional places. They can also better connect people who have vision issues to the everyday world.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1479866409,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":906},"headData":{"title":"Virtual and Augmented Reality That Helps the Visually Impaired | KQED","description":"Often associated with gaming, VR and AR don't necessarily have to take users to far-off or fictional places. They can also better connect people who have vision issues to the everyday world.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Virtual and Augmented Reality That Helps the Visually Impaired","datePublished":"2016-11-23T00:47:54.000Z","dateModified":"2016-11-23T02:00:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"279800 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=279800","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/22/virtual-and-augmented-reality-gear-can-help-the-visually-impaired/","disqusTitle":"Virtual and Augmented Reality That Helps the Visually Impaired","customPermalink":"2016/11/18/virtual-and-augmented-reality-gear-can-help-the-visually-impaired/","nprByline":"Erin Carson\u003cbr />CNET","path":"/futureofyou/279800/virtual-and-augmented-reality-gear-can-help-the-visually-impaired","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of CNET's \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/tech-enabled/\" target=\"_blank\">Tech Enabled\u003c/a>\" series about the role technology plays in helping the disability community.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality and augmented reality are often associated with gaming. For many people, the allure has to do with the ability to visit an alien world or an exotic location -- to go someplace or do something they couldn't do otherwise. Bridging worlds seems to be a sweet spot for these technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But VR and AR don't necessarily have to take users to far-off or fictional places. They also can better connect people with vision issues to the everyday world. Most take for granted the ability to sit at a computer at work and read the text on the screen, or freely and confidently walk around their home or office. These technologies aim to help people reclaim some of the vision they may have lost and to make it easier to function in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization estimates that 246 million people have low vision, which includes blurry vision, tunnel vision or blind spots that can't be corrected. The WHO also estimates that 90 percent of those who have vision problems, not just low vision, tend to have low incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Werblin, professor of neuroscience at the University of California, Berkeley, is working to bring a lower-cost vision aid to the low-vision community. About a year and a half ago, he realized he could do this by piggybacking on virtual-reality technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_284322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 719px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-284322\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR.png\" alt=\"IrisVision is an app that magnifies whatever the user is looking at. It can be used with a Samsung Gear VR headset, pictured.. \" width=\"719\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR.png 719w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-240x159.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-375x249.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/11/GearVR-520x345.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 719px) 100vw, 719px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">IrisVision is an app that magnifies whatever the user is looking at. It can be used with a Samsung Gear VR headset, pictured.. \u003ccite>(Sarah Tew/CNET)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>IrisVision is an app that uses a Samsung Gear VR headset. It's responsive to the wearer's head movements and will magnify whatever they're directly looking at, while still providing a wide field of view. It's meant to help users better see the world, even read on a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest challenges he's trying to address is cost. Wearable vision aids can go as high as $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a huge price gap between a magnifying glass, which you could buy for $25 or $50, and what these people could really use, which is a wearable portable device, which is many thousands of dollars,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IrisVision is available online for $2,500, and in certain clinics around the country on an experimental basis. The price includes the software, headset and phone needed to power the Gear VR. Werblin, who for 44 years has been studying the way the retina functions, even took it to the California School for the Blind in Fremont, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lazy Eye No More\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Werblin's not the first to use virtual-reality hardware. James Blaha had dealt with amblyopia, or lazy eye, his whole life. In the process of researching the condition and tinkering with an early Oculus Rift VR headset, the now-founder and CEO of Vivid Vision, a company that makes therapy solutions for the condition, discovered he could strengthen his weaker eye using virtual reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amblyopia occurs when one eye is far less effective than the other, and the brain tries to suppress it. This creates problems with depth perception that can make it hard to cross a busy street or drive, among other things. Conventional wisdom in the medical field has held that if the problem isn't fixed by the age of 8, it won't be fixed at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blaha is proving that idea wrong. By cranking up the brightness in the goggles for just his weaker eye, he essentially forced his brain to stop suppressing the eye. He started seeing in 3D for the first time in his life, including seeing the keys on his keyboard in relief. These days, he has 90 percent normal depth perception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're sort of outside the context of VR, particularly for the patients who use it, and definitely for the doctors who are not playing any of the VR games, typically,\" Blaha said of his company, which now has ties to about 50 clinics in the US and Canada, plus a few in Europe and Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vivid Vision is also working with UC Berkeley on improving depth perception in adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding Your Way\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the people who have difficulty seeing at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OxSight, formerly known as VA-ST, is a startup out of the University of Oxford that makes applications for those with vision problems. Its SmartSpecs headset is built as a portable device for those who are legally blind or partially sighted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SmartSpecs, which don't have a price just yet, boost the visibility of objects and faces by accentuating those objects and their edges against a darkened background. They even work in darkness, helping users find doorways or navigate around furniture. SmartSpecs' algorithms look for things like faces, including facial expressions, and text in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the real trick is coming up with ways of delivering relevant information to the user without bombarding them with irrelevant info,\" said co-founder Stephen Hicks, who is also a university research lecturer and Royal Academy of Engineering enterprise fellow at Oxford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SmartSpecs wants to give users more confidence and independence. It's set to launch mid 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have the potential,\" he said, \"to make a dent in this feeling of isolation and helplessness that many visually impaired individuals experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/279800/virtual-and-augmented-reality-gear-can-help-the-visually-impaired","authors":["byline_futureofyou_279800"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73","futureofyou_1063"],"tags":["futureofyou_627","futureofyou_1130","futureofyou_587","futureofyou_380"],"featImg":"futureofyou_284322","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_221156":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_221156","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"221156","score":null,"sort":[1470935208000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"vr-plus-robotics-help-paraplegics-regain-some-movement-video","title":"Virtual Reality + Robotics Help Paraplegics Regain Some Movement (Video)","publishDate":1470935208,"format":"aside","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7LPa5JPB-4&ab_channel=CNN\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers in Brazil who are trying to help people with spine injuries gain mobility have made a surprising discovery: Injured people doing brain training while interacting with robot-like machines were able to regain some sensation and movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">For the first time in many years, eight paralyzed people were able to voluntarily control their muscles.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/srep30383\">findings\u003c/a>, published in \u003cem>Scientific Reports\u003c/em> (one of the \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em> journals), suggest that damaged spinal tissue in some people with paraplegia can be retrained to a certain extent — somewhat the way certain people can regain some brain function following stroke though repetition and practice. In fact, this isn't a new idea for treating injuries of the spinal cord. Even people with severe injuries can regain some sensation and function through physical therapy if some nerve fibers remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eight paralyzed people in the Brazilian study didn't regain enough mobility to support their own weight on their legs, but \u003ca href=\"http://bme.duke.edu/faculty/miguel-nicolelis\">Dr. Miguel Nicolelis\u003c/a>, a neuroscientist and physician with Duke University who led the research, says his experimental subjects did make \"partial recovery\" — improvements that significantly helped their quality of life. They had better control of bowel and bladder functions, he says. Some men were able to have erections and one woman decided to deliver a baby vaginally. \"She could feel the baby for the first time,\" he says. \"She could feel the contractions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study of the first 12 months of training didn't document the most dramatic quality-of-life improvements that Nicolelis announced in a telephone briefing with reporters. But it did describe some of the improvements in sensation and movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis previously garnered worldwide publicity for his work by arranging for one of his patients to kick out a ceremonial soccer ball during the World Cup tournament in Rio de Janeiro in 2014. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/06/08/320077425/scientist-touts-exoskeleton-that-could-offer-a-chance-to-walk-again\">build-up\u003c/a> for that moment was more dramatic than \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inCvbDLfXBo\">the actual event\u003c/a>. But it did highlight Nicolelis' ambitious efforts to help people with paralysis improve their mobility through robotics, through an international scientific collaboration known as the \u003ca href=\"http://virtualreality.duke.edu/project/walk-again-project/\">Walk Again Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research groups are pursuing similar strategies, and there are several products on the market that help people with spinal cord injuries to walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his work, Nicolelis and his team \u003ca href=\"http://www.nicolelislab.net/\">trained people\u003c/a> with paraplegia to visualize moving their muscles, by having them wear virtual reality goggles and giving them tactile feedback on their arms. The idea was to create brain signals that could be picked up by electrodes and used to control the bulky robotic apparatus. Nicolelis was surprised to see that, as people improved their ability to visualize limb movements, they were also regaining some feeling and movement as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His patients had been paralyzed for three to 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the first time in many years they were able to voluntarily control their muscles,\" he says. \"They could move their legs or contract muscles under voluntary control.\" Some people had their level of paralysis upgraded to a less severe rating of \"incomplete paraplegia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This has not been seen before,\" he says. \"I call this an important milestone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.rehabmed.emory.edu/pt/faculty/field-fote.shtml\">Edelle Field-Fote\u003c/a>, director of spinal cord injury research at the Shepherd Center at Emory University, wasn't so rhapsodic. \"I would not say it's unprecedented,\" she tells Shots. \"I'd say the \u003cem>intervention\u003c/em> [used in Brazil] is unprecedented.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3-Pronged Approach\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis' therapy involves not just the virtual-reality training; it includes physical therapy and extensive stimulation as the robotic machines move their muscles. \"If you gave anybody [with some remaining spinal cord] 12 months of therapy, you'd see improvement,\" Field-Fote says, even years after an injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes that at the outset of the study, all the participants had some ability to walk — with assistance from crutches, walkers, braces and in some cases human attendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you exercise with the body-weight support and treadmill training, you also get improvements,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.themiamiproject.org/research/faculty/monica-perez/\">Monica Perez\u003c/a>, a scientist at the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis who studies mechanisms involved in the control of human movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question is whether this is superior to previous approaches and which are the mechanisms,\" Perez says. \"This was a long period of training, so it's hard to compare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings from Brazil raise the possibility that more prolonged efforts to restore some movement in paralyzed people could pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the study is plausible and interesting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/find_people/ninds/pdbio_lyn_jakeman.htm\">Dr. Lyn Jakeman\u003c/a>, a neuroscientist who oversees extramural research on spinal cord injury for the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. But she also notes that the participants had so many different interventions, it's not entirely clear whether the visualization exercises or some other combination of factors was responsible for the reported effects. And the study had no control group for comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These independent experts couldn't evaluate the claims Nicolelis made in his press call but didn't include in his published report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis tells reporters that two women in his study who had been paralyzed for more than a decade showed the most improvement. They \"can generate leg movements, move their legs out and in and flex their knees,\" he says. Some of that is captured in a \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/9W0LDAK7mZQ\">video\u003c/a> he released with the published study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are continuously improving,\" he says, beyond what he reports in his peer-reviewed paper. One woman now has enough mobility to get out and about, Nicolelis said. \"Now she can sit [and] she can basically drive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis says it's possible that people with even weak muscles in their legs can more easily control the robotic machinery that he and his collaborators are developing. He suspects that residual nerve fibers through the spinal injury are able to carry sensations up to the brain, along with some rudimentary commands from the brain down to the muscles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers internationally are pursuing \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/sci/detail_sci.htm\">several different approaches\u003c/a> to treating spinal injuries. Those include drugs to limit the damage caused by an injury, along with various approaches to cell transplantation, as well as electrical stimulation and efforts to retrain the central nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are roughly 25 million people worldwide with severe spinal injuries. Nicolelis acknowledges that his experiments have been expensive. But if the virtual reality training is indeed key to the improvements he has documented, that could be the basis of less expensive therapy, he believes. Given the success he has seen with his first eight volunteers, he says, he's planning to expand his research to a new study group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Robot-Like+Machines+Helped+People+With+Spinal+Injuries+Regain+Function&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Eight people with serious spinal injuries who practiced hours of interaction with wearable machines for months regained lost feeling and some ability to move.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1475118947,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1106},"headData":{"title":"Virtual Reality + Robotics Help Paraplegics Regain Some Movement (Video) | KQED","description":"Eight people with serious spinal injuries who practiced hours of interaction with wearable machines for months regained lost feeling and some ability to move.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Virtual Reality + Robotics Help Paraplegics Regain Some Movement (Video)","datePublished":"2016-08-11T17:06:48.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-29T03:15:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"221156 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=221156","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/11/vr-plus-robotics-help-paraplegics-regain-some-movement-video/","disqusTitle":"Virtual Reality + Robotics Help Paraplegics Regain Some Movement (Video)","nprByline":"Richard Harris\u003cbr />NPR Shots","nprImageAgency":"AASDAP and Lente Viva Filmes, São Paulo, Brazil/Nature","nprStoryId":"489524505","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=489524505&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/08/11/489524505/robot-like-machines-helped-people-with-spinal-injuries-regain-function?ft=nprml&f=489524505","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 11 Aug 2016 10:48:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 11 Aug 2016 09:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 11 Aug 2016 10:48:16 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/221156/vr-plus-robotics-help-paraplegics-regain-some-movement-video","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/M7LPa5JPB-4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/M7LPa5JPB-4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers in Brazil who are trying to help people with spine injuries gain mobility have made a surprising discovery: Injured people doing brain training while interacting with robot-like machines were able to regain some sensation and movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">For the first time in many years, eight paralyzed people were able to voluntarily control their muscles.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/srep30383\">findings\u003c/a>, published in \u003cem>Scientific Reports\u003c/em> (one of the \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em> journals), suggest that damaged spinal tissue in some people with paraplegia can be retrained to a certain extent — somewhat the way certain people can regain some brain function following stroke though repetition and practice. In fact, this isn't a new idea for treating injuries of the spinal cord. Even people with severe injuries can regain some sensation and function through physical therapy if some nerve fibers remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eight paralyzed people in the Brazilian study didn't regain enough mobility to support their own weight on their legs, but \u003ca href=\"http://bme.duke.edu/faculty/miguel-nicolelis\">Dr. Miguel Nicolelis\u003c/a>, a neuroscientist and physician with Duke University who led the research, says his experimental subjects did make \"partial recovery\" — improvements that significantly helped their quality of life. They had better control of bowel and bladder functions, he says. Some men were able to have erections and one woman decided to deliver a baby vaginally. \"She could feel the baby for the first time,\" he says. \"She could feel the contractions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study of the first 12 months of training didn't document the most dramatic quality-of-life improvements that Nicolelis announced in a telephone briefing with reporters. But it did describe some of the improvements in sensation and movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis previously garnered worldwide publicity for his work by arranging for one of his patients to kick out a ceremonial soccer ball during the World Cup tournament in Rio de Janeiro in 2014. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/06/08/320077425/scientist-touts-exoskeleton-that-could-offer-a-chance-to-walk-again\">build-up\u003c/a> for that moment was more dramatic than \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inCvbDLfXBo\">the actual event\u003c/a>. But it did highlight Nicolelis' ambitious efforts to help people with paralysis improve their mobility through robotics, through an international scientific collaboration known as the \u003ca href=\"http://virtualreality.duke.edu/project/walk-again-project/\">Walk Again Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research groups are pursuing similar strategies, and there are several products on the market that help people with spinal cord injuries to walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his work, Nicolelis and his team \u003ca href=\"http://www.nicolelislab.net/\">trained people\u003c/a> with paraplegia to visualize moving their muscles, by having them wear virtual reality goggles and giving them tactile feedback on their arms. The idea was to create brain signals that could be picked up by electrodes and used to control the bulky robotic apparatus. Nicolelis was surprised to see that, as people improved their ability to visualize limb movements, they were also regaining some feeling and movement as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His patients had been paralyzed for three to 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the first time in many years they were able to voluntarily control their muscles,\" he says. \"They could move their legs or contract muscles under voluntary control.\" Some people had their level of paralysis upgraded to a less severe rating of \"incomplete paraplegia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This has not been seen before,\" he says. \"I call this an important milestone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.rehabmed.emory.edu/pt/faculty/field-fote.shtml\">Edelle Field-Fote\u003c/a>, director of spinal cord injury research at the Shepherd Center at Emory University, wasn't so rhapsodic. \"I would not say it's unprecedented,\" she tells Shots. \"I'd say the \u003cem>intervention\u003c/em> [used in Brazil] is unprecedented.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3-Pronged Approach\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis' therapy involves not just the virtual-reality training; it includes physical therapy and extensive stimulation as the robotic machines move their muscles. \"If you gave anybody [with some remaining spinal cord] 12 months of therapy, you'd see improvement,\" Field-Fote says, even years after an injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes that at the outset of the study, all the participants had some ability to walk — with assistance from crutches, walkers, braces and in some cases human attendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you exercise with the body-weight support and treadmill training, you also get improvements,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.themiamiproject.org/research/faculty/monica-perez/\">Monica Perez\u003c/a>, a scientist at the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis who studies mechanisms involved in the control of human movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question is whether this is superior to previous approaches and which are the mechanisms,\" Perez says. \"This was a long period of training, so it's hard to compare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings from Brazil raise the possibility that more prolonged efforts to restore some movement in paralyzed people could pay off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the study is plausible and interesting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/find_people/ninds/pdbio_lyn_jakeman.htm\">Dr. Lyn Jakeman\u003c/a>, a neuroscientist who oversees extramural research on spinal cord injury for the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. But she also notes that the participants had so many different interventions, it's not entirely clear whether the visualization exercises or some other combination of factors was responsible for the reported effects. And the study had no control group for comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These independent experts couldn't evaluate the claims Nicolelis made in his press call but didn't include in his published report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis tells reporters that two women in his study who had been paralyzed for more than a decade showed the most improvement. They \"can generate leg movements, move their legs out and in and flex their knees,\" he says. Some of that is captured in a \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/9W0LDAK7mZQ\">video\u003c/a> he released with the published study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are continuously improving,\" he says, beyond what he reports in his peer-reviewed paper. One woman now has enough mobility to get out and about, Nicolelis said. \"Now she can sit [and] she can basically drive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicolelis says it's possible that people with even weak muscles in their legs can more easily control the robotic machinery that he and his collaborators are developing. He suspects that residual nerve fibers through the spinal injury are able to carry sensations up to the brain, along with some rudimentary commands from the brain down to the muscles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers internationally are pursuing \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/sci/detail_sci.htm\">several different approaches\u003c/a> to treating spinal injuries. Those include drugs to limit the damage caused by an injury, along with various approaches to cell transplantation, as well as electrical stimulation and efforts to retrain the central nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are roughly 25 million people worldwide with severe spinal injuries. Nicolelis acknowledges that his experiments have been expensive. But if the virtual reality training is indeed key to the improvements he has documented, that could be the basis of less expensive therapy, he believes. Given the success he has seen with his first eight volunteers, he says, he's planning to expand his research to a new study group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Robot-Like+Machines+Helped+People+With+Spinal+Injuries+Regain+Function&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/221156/vr-plus-robotics-help-paraplegics-regain-some-movement-video","authors":["byline_futureofyou_221156"],"categories":["futureofyou_1063"],"tags":["futureofyou_692","futureofyou_59","futureofyou_129","futureofyou_1010","futureofyou_380"],"featImg":"futureofyou_221157","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_190122":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_190122","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"190122","score":null,"sort":[1467041454000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"seniors-go-virtual-to-relieve-pain-loneliness","title":"Seniors Go Virtual to Relieve Pain, Loneliness","publishDate":1467041454,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Virginia Anderlini is 103 years old, and she is about to take her sixth trip into virtual reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In real life, she is sitting on the sofa in the bay window of her San Francisco assisted-living facility. Next to her, Dr. Sonya Kim gently tugs the straps that anchor the headset over her eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[VR] allows them to forget their chronic pain, anxiety, the fact that they are alone.'\u003ccite>Dr. Sonya Kim, One Caring Team\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But in the virtual world, Anderlini is on a Hawaiian beach, and it’s sunset, and she is surrounded by a glistening sea and a molten purple-red sky. If she looks up, she sees the fronds of an enormous palm tree, and falling rainbow specks that dance in the air like the light from a disco ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hello, it’s so nice to see you again,“ comes Kim’s pre-recorded voice from inside the headset. “It’s such a beautiful day today, isn’t it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my goodness!” says Anderlini, sounding delighted. She scans her head from side to side, taking in the details of the virtual landscape: little grass shacks, twists of driftwood, outcroppings of volcanic rock. “Hey, that’s really pretty!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the back, look at this,” she continues, wriggling around to see the imaginary world behind her. “Terry, you’ve got to see this, too!” she calls to her son, who is watching nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a Bay Area virtual reality entrepreneur, Kim has an unusual target audience: the elderly. Anderlini is the first private client for Kim’s Aloha VR program, which Kim envisions as a way to help people relax, an alternative to endlessly watching TV, and a change of scenery for those who can’t get out much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_190155\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-190155\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR.jpg\" alt=\"Aloha VR combines images of beaches with friendly reminders to take her medications to stay healthy.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"708\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR-400x221.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR-800x443.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR-768x425.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR-1180x653.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR-960x531.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR-672x372.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aloha VR combines images of beaches with friendly reminders to take her medications to stay healthy. \u003ccite>(One Caring Team)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And for those unhappy in the present day, virtual reality might provide an escape into an immersive other world that “allows them to forget their chronic pain, anxiety, the fact that they are alone,” said Kim. In VR, she said, her company has found “a new care modality to bring to a senior care setting like this, to inspire them to live another day where they're happy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'No One Cares About Me'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim, a former emergency room doctor, found her way to virtual reality through a series of tough requests. A few years ago, she was running a house-call practice when she received a call for help from a woman whose 88-year-old mother had stopped eating and drinking. As a result, she’d made three emergency room trips in a month, racking up more than $50,000 in medical bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim knew that seniors often end up in the hospital for preventable conditions—like dehydration, malnutrition and electrolyte imbalances—exacerbated by loneliness and lack of self-care. And when she asked the older woman why she’d stopped eating, Kim recalled, her patient replied: “No one loves me. No one cares about me. I don’t matter any more. Why should I eat, why should I drink, why should I live? I just want to die today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1oKfaHfMWVf63Nld9zzrr2qGg58wHK5p\"]“When I was driving back home from that visit, I couldn’t stop sobbing,” Kim said. “As a single woman without any kids, I thought, ‘When I'm her age, who’s going to call me? Who’s going to take care of me?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That interaction led Kim to found \u003ca href=\"https://onecaringteam.com\" target=\"_blank\">One Caring Team\u003c/a>, a care call program, in 2014. Staffers phone seniors at home to check on their mood, medications and appointments, and prompt them to chat about positive subjects, like what makes them happy or what they could do bring joy to someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then one day, as Kim was giving a talk about her service, a man in the audience asked: “What about \u003cem>my\u003c/em> mom?” His mother has dementia, he said, and couldn’t have a coherent phone conversation. Finding a solution for his mom, Kim said, became her “new homework assignment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By chance, Kim had been reading about virtual reality and decided to attend a VR mixer in San Francisco; someone let her use an Oculus headset to walk through a virtual garden, and she “totally fell in love” with the medium. Convinced her seniors would like it, she borrowed a friend’s headset and took it to a preventative care conference. By the time she was done, she already had assisted-living facility directors asking about pricing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That convinced her the concept could sell, but she wanted to make sure VR could actually make people feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Easing Chronic Pain, Anxiety and Depression\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“There are over 100 clinical research papers that are already published that show proven positive clinical outcomes using VR in managing chronic pain, anxiety and depression,” she said. “And in dementia patients, all those three elements are very common.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Dementia patients often feel lost, because they feel that they don’t belong anywhere. I want them to feel found again.'\u003ccite>Dr. Sonya Kim, One Caring Team\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For example, in the 1990s, pioneering researchers at the University of Washington developed \u003ca href=\"http://depts.washington.edu/hplab/research/virtual-reality/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>SnowWorld\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, an icy virtual environment that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/28/how-virtual-reality-worlds-can-help-reduce-pain/\" target=\"_blank\">reduced pain\u003c/a> for burn victims during wound treatment. More recently, Dr. Albert Rizzo’s lab at the University of Southern California has helped military veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder by offering \u003ca href=\"http://medvr.ict.usc.edu/projects/bravemind/\" target=\"_blank\">exposure therapy in virtual environments\u003c/a>. The Veterans United Foundation has created \u003ca href=\"https://www.enhancelives.com/news/honor-everywhere-360-virtual-reality-veterans\" target=\"_blank\">virtual reality experiences\u003c/a> of veterans' memorials, for vets who can't travel to see them. And scientists at the Chronic Pain Research Institute have tested a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/28/how-virtual-reality-worlds-can-help-reduce-pain/\" target=\"_blank\">Virtual Meditative Walk\u003c/a> meant to help users manage pain and stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VR is typically formulated for younger users, and often asks them to play games, solve puzzles, master new information and move around energetically. But many of Kim’s clients are wheelchair-bound; those with advanced dementia cannot read or follow verbal commands. Nearly all of them are unfamiliar with the conventions of VR, which assume that the user knows to swivel their head to take in the 360-degree view, to move around to make the landscape scroll, or to tap objects to interact with them. Instead, many of Kim’s clients go through entire sessions seated, heads cast down, hands folded in their laps. Sometimes her staff has to gently pivot a client’s chin to help them look to the side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But exploration and beating puzzles aren’t the point of this kind of VR: The environments have no storyline, just scenery. The name Aloha VR is a nod to Kim’s time working in a Hawaiian ER, where she came to admire the state’s ‘ohana spirit, a concept that encompasses love for extended family and respect for elders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the version Anderlini is watching, Kim’s voice offers a friendly welcome and reminds her to take her medication to stay healthy. As she speaks, the text pops up in little orange bubbles that burst pleasingly at the end of each sentence. Versions for the cognitively impaired have no words at all, just music and the sounds of waves. “If there’s too many words, if there are too many things we’re asking, they’re going to get frustrated,” said Kim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3528\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 401px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/fMRI.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-3528\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/fMRI.jpg\" alt=\"These images from an fMRI scan show areas of the brain affected by pain, and how they shrink when the patient is immersed in a virtual reality world. (Courtesy Dr. Sam Sharar/University of Washington)\" width=\"401\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/fMRI.jpg 401w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/fMRI-400x249.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These images from an fMRI scan show areas of the brain affected by pain, and how they shrink when the patient is immersed in a virtual reality world. \u003ccite>(Dr. Sam Sharar/University of Washington)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Instead, the point is to make users feel safe and welcome. “Dementia patients often feel lost, because they feel that they don’t belong anywhere,” said Kim—they may be confused about their surroundings or who they are, or estranged from family members overwhelmed by their care. By giving them a beautiful beach, Kim said, “I want them to feel found again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to having private clients, Kim conducts group therapy sessions at Bay Area assisted-living centers, where a dozen or so people take turns with the goggles. Although some of her clients struggle with verbal communication, they seem to have found other ways to express enjoyment. One client, Kim said, simply blew kisses. Another hummed happily. A third stole 40 minutes in the headset, repeatedly asking for “Just a little more, hon.” A few of them just go to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Challenge: Heavy and Expensive Headsets\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThere are still challenges for the company to work out. The headsets can be heavy, it can take seniors a while to warm up to trying them, and while prices for mobile VR equipment have come down, it still costs about $850 for each Samsung Gear VR headset plus the Galaxy smartphone that slides into it—enough that they don’t have a rig for each client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim’s company has created a handful of demo environments, but it will take time and money to build more, so for now they also buy off-the-shelf programs to give the clients a little variety. (They recently teamed with the \u003ca href=\"http://virtualworldsociety.org/wordpress1/\" target=\"_blank\">Virtual World Society\u003c/a>, a group that intends to use VR to promote social good. The group’s founder, University of Washington virtual interface pioneer Dr. Tom Furness, is now One Caring Team’s acting CTO. )\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, Virginia Anderlini has been on virtual visits to Venice and Africa, and after her brief trip to the beach, spends some time in an autumn-themed meditation session watching leaves fall. But she’s seen it before, and soon asks for something different. What virtual world would she like to try next? “Just something I haven't seen before,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that could be tougher than it sounds. “You know, when you get to this age,” she says with a laugh, “I think you’ve seen everything.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The headsets are a bit heavy, but virtual reality has a lot to offer elderly home-bound people. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1467758442,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1723},"headData":{"title":"Seniors Go Virtual to Relieve Pain, Loneliness | KQED","description":"The headsets are a bit heavy, but virtual reality has a lot to offer elderly home-bound people. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Seniors Go Virtual to Relieve Pain, Loneliness","datePublished":"2016-06-27T15:30:54.000Z","dateModified":"2016-07-05T22:40:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"190122 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=190122","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/27/seniors-go-virtual-to-relieve-pain-loneliness/","disqusTitle":"Seniors Go Virtual to Relieve Pain, Loneliness","nprByline":"Kara Platoni","path":"/futureofyou/190122/seniors-go-virtual-to-relieve-pain-loneliness","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Virginia Anderlini is 103 years old, and she is about to take her sixth trip into virtual reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In real life, she is sitting on the sofa in the bay window of her San Francisco assisted-living facility. Next to her, Dr. Sonya Kim gently tugs the straps that anchor the headset over her eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[VR] allows them to forget their chronic pain, anxiety, the fact that they are alone.'\u003ccite>Dr. Sonya Kim, One Caring Team\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But in the virtual world, Anderlini is on a Hawaiian beach, and it’s sunset, and she is surrounded by a glistening sea and a molten purple-red sky. If she looks up, she sees the fronds of an enormous palm tree, and falling rainbow specks that dance in the air like the light from a disco ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hello, it’s so nice to see you again,“ comes Kim’s pre-recorded voice from inside the headset. “It’s such a beautiful day today, isn’t it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my goodness!” says Anderlini, sounding delighted. She scans her head from side to side, taking in the details of the virtual landscape: little grass shacks, twists of driftwood, outcroppings of volcanic rock. “Hey, that’s really pretty!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the back, look at this,” she continues, wriggling around to see the imaginary world behind her. “Terry, you’ve got to see this, too!” she calls to her son, who is watching nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a Bay Area virtual reality entrepreneur, Kim has an unusual target audience: the elderly. Anderlini is the first private client for Kim’s Aloha VR program, which Kim envisions as a way to help people relax, an alternative to endlessly watching TV, and a change of scenery for those who can’t get out much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_190155\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-190155\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR.jpg\" alt=\"Aloha VR combines images of beaches with friendly reminders to take her medications to stay healthy.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"708\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR-400x221.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR-800x443.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR-768x425.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR-1180x653.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR-960x531.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/landscape-VR-672x372.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aloha VR combines images of beaches with friendly reminders to take her medications to stay healthy. \u003ccite>(One Caring Team)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And for those unhappy in the present day, virtual reality might provide an escape into an immersive other world that “allows them to forget their chronic pain, anxiety, the fact that they are alone,” said Kim. In VR, she said, her company has found “a new care modality to bring to a senior care setting like this, to inspire them to live another day where they're happy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'No One Cares About Me'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim, a former emergency room doctor, found her way to virtual reality through a series of tough requests. A few years ago, she was running a house-call practice when she received a call for help from a woman whose 88-year-old mother had stopped eating and drinking. As a result, she’d made three emergency room trips in a month, racking up more than $50,000 in medical bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim knew that seniors often end up in the hospital for preventable conditions—like dehydration, malnutrition and electrolyte imbalances—exacerbated by loneliness and lack of self-care. And when she asked the older woman why she’d stopped eating, Kim recalled, her patient replied: “No one loves me. No one cares about me. I don’t matter any more. Why should I eat, why should I drink, why should I live? I just want to die today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“When I was driving back home from that visit, I couldn’t stop sobbing,” Kim said. “As a single woman without any kids, I thought, ‘When I'm her age, who’s going to call me? Who’s going to take care of me?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That interaction led Kim to found \u003ca href=\"https://onecaringteam.com\" target=\"_blank\">One Caring Team\u003c/a>, a care call program, in 2014. Staffers phone seniors at home to check on their mood, medications and appointments, and prompt them to chat about positive subjects, like what makes them happy or what they could do bring joy to someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then one day, as Kim was giving a talk about her service, a man in the audience asked: “What about \u003cem>my\u003c/em> mom?” His mother has dementia, he said, and couldn’t have a coherent phone conversation. Finding a solution for his mom, Kim said, became her “new homework assignment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By chance, Kim had been reading about virtual reality and decided to attend a VR mixer in San Francisco; someone let her use an Oculus headset to walk through a virtual garden, and she “totally fell in love” with the medium. Convinced her seniors would like it, she borrowed a friend’s headset and took it to a preventative care conference. By the time she was done, she already had assisted-living facility directors asking about pricing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That convinced her the concept could sell, but she wanted to make sure VR could actually make people feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Easing Chronic Pain, Anxiety and Depression\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“There are over 100 clinical research papers that are already published that show proven positive clinical outcomes using VR in managing chronic pain, anxiety and depression,” she said. “And in dementia patients, all those three elements are very common.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Dementia patients often feel lost, because they feel that they don’t belong anywhere. I want them to feel found again.'\u003ccite>Dr. Sonya Kim, One Caring Team\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For example, in the 1990s, pioneering researchers at the University of Washington developed \u003ca href=\"http://depts.washington.edu/hplab/research/virtual-reality/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>SnowWorld\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, an icy virtual environment that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/28/how-virtual-reality-worlds-can-help-reduce-pain/\" target=\"_blank\">reduced pain\u003c/a> for burn victims during wound treatment. More recently, Dr. Albert Rizzo’s lab at the University of Southern California has helped military veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder by offering \u003ca href=\"http://medvr.ict.usc.edu/projects/bravemind/\" target=\"_blank\">exposure therapy in virtual environments\u003c/a>. The Veterans United Foundation has created \u003ca href=\"https://www.enhancelives.com/news/honor-everywhere-360-virtual-reality-veterans\" target=\"_blank\">virtual reality experiences\u003c/a> of veterans' memorials, for vets who can't travel to see them. And scientists at the Chronic Pain Research Institute have tested a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/28/how-virtual-reality-worlds-can-help-reduce-pain/\" target=\"_blank\">Virtual Meditative Walk\u003c/a> meant to help users manage pain and stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VR is typically formulated for younger users, and often asks them to play games, solve puzzles, master new information and move around energetically. But many of Kim’s clients are wheelchair-bound; those with advanced dementia cannot read or follow verbal commands. Nearly all of them are unfamiliar with the conventions of VR, which assume that the user knows to swivel their head to take in the 360-degree view, to move around to make the landscape scroll, or to tap objects to interact with them. Instead, many of Kim’s clients go through entire sessions seated, heads cast down, hands folded in their laps. Sometimes her staff has to gently pivot a client’s chin to help them look to the side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But exploration and beating puzzles aren’t the point of this kind of VR: The environments have no storyline, just scenery. The name Aloha VR is a nod to Kim’s time working in a Hawaiian ER, where she came to admire the state’s ‘ohana spirit, a concept that encompasses love for extended family and respect for elders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the version Anderlini is watching, Kim’s voice offers a friendly welcome and reminds her to take her medication to stay healthy. As she speaks, the text pops up in little orange bubbles that burst pleasingly at the end of each sentence. Versions for the cognitively impaired have no words at all, just music and the sounds of waves. “If there’s too many words, if there are too many things we’re asking, they’re going to get frustrated,” said Kim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3528\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 401px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/fMRI.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-3528\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/fMRI.jpg\" alt=\"These images from an fMRI scan show areas of the brain affected by pain, and how they shrink when the patient is immersed in a virtual reality world. (Courtesy Dr. Sam Sharar/University of Washington)\" width=\"401\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/fMRI.jpg 401w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/fMRI-400x249.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These images from an fMRI scan show areas of the brain affected by pain, and how they shrink when the patient is immersed in a virtual reality world. \u003ccite>(Dr. Sam Sharar/University of Washington)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Instead, the point is to make users feel safe and welcome. “Dementia patients often feel lost, because they feel that they don’t belong anywhere,” said Kim—they may be confused about their surroundings or who they are, or estranged from family members overwhelmed by their care. By giving them a beautiful beach, Kim said, “I want them to feel found again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to having private clients, Kim conducts group therapy sessions at Bay Area assisted-living centers, where a dozen or so people take turns with the goggles. Although some of her clients struggle with verbal communication, they seem to have found other ways to express enjoyment. One client, Kim said, simply blew kisses. Another hummed happily. A third stole 40 minutes in the headset, repeatedly asking for “Just a little more, hon.” A few of them just go to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Challenge: Heavy and Expensive Headsets\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThere are still challenges for the company to work out. The headsets can be heavy, it can take seniors a while to warm up to trying them, and while prices for mobile VR equipment have come down, it still costs about $850 for each Samsung Gear VR headset plus the Galaxy smartphone that slides into it—enough that they don’t have a rig for each client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim’s company has created a handful of demo environments, but it will take time and money to build more, so for now they also buy off-the-shelf programs to give the clients a little variety. (They recently teamed with the \u003ca href=\"http://virtualworldsociety.org/wordpress1/\" target=\"_blank\">Virtual World Society\u003c/a>, a group that intends to use VR to promote social good. The group’s founder, University of Washington virtual interface pioneer Dr. Tom Furness, is now One Caring Team’s acting CTO. )\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, Virginia Anderlini has been on virtual visits to Venice and Africa, and after her brief trip to the beach, spends some time in an autumn-themed meditation session watching leaves fall. But she’s seen it before, and soon asks for something different. What virtual world would she like to try next? “Just something I haven't seen before,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that could be tougher than it sounds. “You know, when you get to this age,” she says with a laugh, “I think you’ve seen everything.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/190122/seniors-go-virtual-to-relieve-pain-loneliness","authors":["byline_futureofyou_190122"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_643","futureofyou_380"],"featImg":"futureofyou_190123","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_144683":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_144683","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"144683","score":null,"sort":[1461343041000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse","title":"Stanford's Virtual Reality Lab Turned Me Into a Cow, Then Sent Me to the Slaughterhouse","publishDate":1461343041,"format":"image","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpt from \"WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY: How Biohackers, Foodies, Physicians, and Scientists are Transforming Human Perception, One Sense at a Time\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em; float: left; line-height: 0.733em; padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0; font-family: times, serif, georgia;\">O\u003c/span>ne question the folks in Stanford's Virtual Human Interaction Lab like to ask: In virtual worlds, do we have to be us? The lab started out with subtle changes to the human appearance: making your avatar prettier, taller, fatter, or older than the real you, even changing your race. (In psychology, this is usually called “perspective taking,” or envisioning yourself as another person or in an altered state.) But in the virtual world, there’s no reason to stick with your human form. In fact, learning how to occupy another body might do us some good. “We’ve known from our past research, when you occupy a human avatar that you gain empathy towards that human. So you can reduce racism, ageism, sexism,” Jeremy Bailenson, a founding director of the lab, says. “Does the same thing work with a nonhuman?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"The voice says: 'You have been here for 200 days and reached your target weight. So it is time for you to go to the slaughterhouse.'”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nine months later, I head back to to the lab to find out. Once again, it is dark and quiet, and Cody Karutz is cheerfully strapping devices to my appendages. He fits me with fabric kneepads, then infrared markers around my wrists. He helps me into a nylon pinnie— the kind kids wear for soccer scrimmages—and sticks two infrared markers along my spine. On goes the helmet. Then he asks me to get down on all fours and he flips the simulation on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am a cow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am a cow in a lovely pasture, a green expanse ringed by distant barns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In front of me is another cow— Karutz explains that this is a mirror image of my avatar, put there because, given the physics of wearing a helmet while crawling, it’s hard to look down and see my own body as a cow’s. I make an involuntary “Aww!” noise because my cow self is adorable, a pint-sized brown-and-white calf with tiny curved horns and a fat body on spindly legs. I lift my right hoof and my cow double does the same. I trot around a bit, getting the layout of the field, watching as my cow self does, too. VR folks use the term “body transfer” to describe shifting your consciousness to an external representation, and as the cow copies my movements, that’s just what we’re doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Welcome to the Stanford University cow pasture,” booms a voice overhead. “You are a shorthorn breed of cattle. You are a dual- purpose breed, suitable for both dairy and beef production.” It is momentarily jarring, being told I am suitable for beef production. But I roll with it, as the voice gives me instructions: Walk over to a feed cart and eat. I do my best to position myself over some hay. My cow double does the same. The voice ticks off some mindblowing stats about how much weight we must gain— three pounds a day—in order to bulk up to 600 pounds. I wonder whether I should mime chewing, which seems oddly natural, even though no one has requested it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the voice tells me to walk to a water trough. My cow double and I loop to the left. I can see a cattle prod hovering in midair. In the real world, it’s a wooden dowel with an infrared marker attached to the end, held by a lab assistant. It’s not working today (this is a very early version of the study) but normally he would have jabbed me with it lightly. I would have seen the cattle prod coming at me while I felt it press into my sides. This is “synchronous touch,” Karutz later explains, another way to produce body transfer. Today, it’s just floating nearby, so, unprodded, I stand over the water trough as the voice tells me I’ll drink up to 30 gallons a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please turn to your left until you see the fence where you started,” says the voice. “You have been here for 200 days and reached your target weight. So it is time for you to go to the slaughterhouse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was not expecting this. A wave of sadness and horror hits me with the word “slaughterhouse.” The suddenness of the announcement, the feeling of being trapped, the guilt and responsibility I feel for my cow avatar, who I somehow feel is me, but who I simultaneously feel is younger and more innocent and who is, I should point out, a vegetarian— it’s remarkably heavy for having been in this virtual life only a few minutes. The part of me that is a cow dutifully walks toward the fence. The part of me that is a person is yelling. It’s unbidden, startling even me, an anger borne of nervousness. “That is brutal!” I shout at no one in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3T9kfbcRrQ8&ab_channel=Stanford\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The simulation presses on, telling me to face my cow avatar. She gazes back at me, as innocently adorable as ever. “Here you will await the slaughterhouse truck,” says the voice. The floor begins to vibrate. I hear the grinding of approaching tires and the beep of a truck backing up. I feel a rush of real fear as the world shakes noisily around me. I scan my head from side to side, wondering where the truck is going to appear. What will happen then? But it doesn’t. The experiment is over. “My God, you guys,” I hear myself muttering in relief as Karutz unwinches me from the helmet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watching Yourself Die as a Coral Stem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Had I been in the real study, the follow-up would have gauged whether I now felt more empathy for cows, and more broadly, my feelings about animal rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Do you learn better, do you care, are you more motivated to learn when you become the coral?\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And the cow— cuddly, familiar, a fellow mammal—is just the beginning of where the lab is headed with this idea. Moments before I came in, Karutz had been making tweaks to an experiment in which participants will become a coral stem in a coastal reef, an even more unfamiliar body configuration. The coral is immobile, a brilliant purple, with branches that just vaguely recall arms, the only nod to the human form this simulation makes. It’s situated in clear blue water, surrounded by a passing jumble of sea life. For synchronous touch, a fishing net will bump into you while a lab assistant pokes you in the chest with the dowel. This time, you will listen to facts about ocean acidification, caused by water absorbing the carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels, as you watch the sea around you slowly die— first the sea urchins, then the fish that feed on the urchins, then the sea snails whose shells become corroded by the acidifying waters. As the animals disappear, the water becomes grayer and the rocks coated in algae. If you look down you will see your own body withering, until a chunk falls off onto the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So in both of these you have to watch yourself die or almost die,” I point out flatly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some very dramatic effects,” agrees Karutz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab is working with marine biologists to design the coral scenario,which subjects will experience as a VR environment, a video, or simply audio. Ultimately, says Bailenson, they’re testing how well viscerally experiencing the dying coral works as an educational method. “Do you learn better, do you care, are you more motivated to learn when you become the coral?” he asks. They’ll also track an empathy-related measure—maybe subjects’ willingness to donate money or sign petitions for ocean-related causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also a more technical cognitive question behind all of this shapeshifting: the idea of homuncular flexibility. The homunculus, or “little man,” is a way of visualizing how the cortex maps senses and movements onto the body. The areas that innervate different parts of the limbs, trunk, and head appear in this cortical strip in roughly toe-to-head order. But because the face and fingers are so sensitive and dexterous, they’re more densely innervated and take up more space. If you drew the body of a “little man” based on this cortical schematic, he would have two fat lips and clown hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In VR, says Bailenson, “Homuncular flexibility asks, if you put someone in a body that is decidedly nonhuman, can they learn to operate it?” So imagine, he says, as Jaron Lanier—his friend and mentor—had attempted during early experiments with novel avatars, “you put someone in a lobster. A lobster has eight arms. Moving the first arms of the lobster is very simple. You move the physical two arms, and the virtual arms do what the first two do. How do you move arms three through eight?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I know it’s a virtual hand and a virtual fire. But that little tiny freak-out moment? It’s real.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s an extraordinarily magical question and also an extremely practical one. Think of using your avatar to manipulate digital objects, says Bailenson, like in the film \u003cem>Minority Report\u003c/em>, based on the Philip K. Dick story, in which Tom Cruise plays a futuristic police officer. “You remember that scene where Tom Cruise is playing with all that data and using his arms?” asks Bailenson. “\u003cem>Why is he just using two arms?\u003c/em> The data is all digital. If people can learn to control eight arms, then they’d be more efficient.” Or, he says, think about using virtual environments to manipulate real-world machines. You could have “many to one” control, in which a group of users operate a “team body,” or “one to many,” in which one expert controls multiple devices. Consider the military, he says: “The single best plane operator, why is she only operating one plane?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So this is what we’re going to try on my last day in the lab. Andrea Stevenson Won, a lab doctoral student, has built a scenario that will give me a virtual third limb, and we’ll see how quickly I can learn to control it. Karutz fits me with the helmet and straps infrared markers and small plastic accelerometers to my wrists. Then the lights go out, and I’m staring into a virtual mirror at my avatar, a silver outline of a body. It’s got the two usual arms, which I can operate by moving my own normally. But there’s also this enormously long armlike protrusion sticking out of my chest. This limb has no elbow joint, and just the barest hint of fingers. Karutz gives me a few seconds with the mirror to adjust to my new limb, which is controlled by rotating my wrists. One of them—he doesn’t say which— controls horizontal movements, and the other its lateral movements. I hold my hands out stiffly in front of me and jiggle my wrists. My third arm flips back and forth like a windshield wiper. This is all the training I get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the mirror blinks off, and I’m looking at cubes hovering in space, just close enough for me to touch with my own fingertips. On my left, there are nine blue cubes; to the right, nine red ones. Every now and then, a cube will turn white. When it does, I must touch it with my real hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of feet behind these are nine green cubes. When a white cube appears here, I’ll have to touch it, too. “They are too far, so you can’t use your normal limbs,” says Karutz. “So that’s why you have a third arm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK. Ready. A cube lights up in the blue set. I tap it with my hand. The cube flashes and emits a delightful shimmery zing before turning blue again. \u003cem>Easy\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now one back in the green array lights up. I’m mentally prepared for this to be tough. Karutz is, too. He’s about to offer some encouragement when I just reach out with my third arm and ... touch it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have no idea what I did. I just did it. “\u003cem>Nice\u003c/em>!” Karutz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I make an awestruck noise and keep going. The cubes flash, and I smack them. Real arms, fake arm— it’s weirdly natural. The mental and muscular math required to make the third arm move happens subconsciously; somehow my two real wrists direct the imaginary one. I’m hoping this will be an actual job skill in the future. \u003cem>Ask me about my homuncular flexibility!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Stevenson Won concludes that people can adapt within five minutes, and that subjects given a third arm did better than a control group that only used their real arms and stepped forward to tap the green cubes. In an earlier phase of the study, she also found that people readily adapt to having their arms and legs switched, or to having their legs be able to reach extra far. I’d tried this the previous fall, and found it easy to complete the task— popping virtual balloons floating in midair— while using my arms to control my virtual feet, or kicking over my head with my suddenly superflexible legs. I mean, it hadn’t been pretty. I’d lumbered around the room swinging my limbs like a deranged robot. But it got the balloons popped. The idea, she says, was to see if people would switch to using their feet, rather than their hands, which were better balloon- popping tools in both conditions. (They did, although they performed the task better when their legs were given extended range.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thinking about tool use is important in homuncular flexibility research, says Stevenson Won, because there are parallels between how we learn to use them and how we learn to control novel bodies. “People are very good at quickly learning to use new tools, and tools can be considered as extensions of the body,” she says. In the third arm study, subjects are put into one of four conditions. Some see a limb attached to their chest, as I did. Others see it floating near their body, or as a sort of metal cylinder protruding from their chest, or as a hexagonal shape floating beside them. In other words, it can look like either a tool or a body part, and it can be attached to you or not. And that might change how you learn to use it. As Bailenson puts it: “Is it a hammer or is it your arm?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a way to test this, too. After I have tapped my way through the cube task, Karutz makes the cubes vanish, and now a bull’s- eye hangs in midair. He asks me to place my third arm at its center. I do, and there is a roaring noise and a bright light. My brain registers this as: \u003cem>My hand is on fire.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I yell. My shoulders and neck involuntarily go into a deep cringe. And that is exactly what the lab wants to know— how I react to a threat to my imaginary limb. “If it’s a tool, if somebody sets it on fire, you shouldn’t flinch,” says Bailenson. “And if it’s your arm, you should.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And look, by this point I have spent a lot of time in this lab. I have read a ton of their papers and interviewed them relentlessly on their methods. I can see how the trick is done. I know it’s a virtual hand and a virtual fire. But that little tiny freak-out moment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Adapted excerpt from \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbgtoolkit.com/book.php?isbn=9780465089970\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY: How Biohackers, Foodies, Physicians, and Scientists are Transforming Human Perception, One Sense at a Time\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> by Kara Platoni. Copyright © 2015. Available from Basic Books, an imprint of Perseus Books, a division of PBG Publishing, LLC, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group, Inc\u003c/em> https://twitter.com/KaraPlatoni\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If you become a nonhuman in virtual reality, will you gain empathy for it? Author Kara Platoni's account of her experience at Stanford's Virtual Human Interaction Lab. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1573065872,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":2858},"headData":{"title":"Stanford's Virtual Reality Lab Turned Me Into a Cow, Then Sent Me to the Slaughterhouse | KQED","description":"If you become a nonhuman in virtual reality, will you gain empathy for it? Author Kara Platoni's account of her experience at Stanford's Virtual Human Interaction Lab. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Stanford's Virtual Reality Lab Turned Me Into a Cow, Then Sent Me to the Slaughterhouse","datePublished":"2016-04-22T16:37:21.000Z","dateModified":"2019-11-06T18:44:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"144683 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=144683","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/22/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse/","disqusTitle":"Stanford's Virtual Reality Lab Turned Me Into a Cow, Then Sent Me to the Slaughterhouse","source":"Future of You","nprByline":"Kara Platoni","path":"/futureofyou/144683/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpt from \"WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY: How Biohackers, Foodies, Physicians, and Scientists are Transforming Human Perception, One Sense at a Time\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em; float: left; line-height: 0.733em; padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0; font-family: times, serif, georgia;\">O\u003c/span>ne question the folks in Stanford's Virtual Human Interaction Lab like to ask: In virtual worlds, do we have to be us? The lab started out with subtle changes to the human appearance: making your avatar prettier, taller, fatter, or older than the real you, even changing your race. (In psychology, this is usually called “perspective taking,” or envisioning yourself as another person or in an altered state.) But in the virtual world, there’s no reason to stick with your human form. In fact, learning how to occupy another body might do us some good. “We’ve known from our past research, when you occupy a human avatar that you gain empathy towards that human. So you can reduce racism, ageism, sexism,” Jeremy Bailenson, a founding director of the lab, says. “Does the same thing work with a nonhuman?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"The voice says: 'You have been here for 200 days and reached your target weight. So it is time for you to go to the slaughterhouse.'”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nine months later, I head back to to the lab to find out. Once again, it is dark and quiet, and Cody Karutz is cheerfully strapping devices to my appendages. He fits me with fabric kneepads, then infrared markers around my wrists. He helps me into a nylon pinnie— the kind kids wear for soccer scrimmages—and sticks two infrared markers along my spine. On goes the helmet. Then he asks me to get down on all fours and he flips the simulation on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am a cow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am a cow in a lovely pasture, a green expanse ringed by distant barns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In front of me is another cow— Karutz explains that this is a mirror image of my avatar, put there because, given the physics of wearing a helmet while crawling, it’s hard to look down and see my own body as a cow’s. I make an involuntary “Aww!” noise because my cow self is adorable, a pint-sized brown-and-white calf with tiny curved horns and a fat body on spindly legs. I lift my right hoof and my cow double does the same. I trot around a bit, getting the layout of the field, watching as my cow self does, too. VR folks use the term “body transfer” to describe shifting your consciousness to an external representation, and as the cow copies my movements, that’s just what we’re doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Welcome to the Stanford University cow pasture,” booms a voice overhead. “You are a shorthorn breed of cattle. You are a dual- purpose breed, suitable for both dairy and beef production.” It is momentarily jarring, being told I am suitable for beef production. But I roll with it, as the voice gives me instructions: Walk over to a feed cart and eat. I do my best to position myself over some hay. My cow double does the same. The voice ticks off some mindblowing stats about how much weight we must gain— three pounds a day—in order to bulk up to 600 pounds. I wonder whether I should mime chewing, which seems oddly natural, even though no one has requested it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the voice tells me to walk to a water trough. My cow double and I loop to the left. I can see a cattle prod hovering in midair. In the real world, it’s a wooden dowel with an infrared marker attached to the end, held by a lab assistant. It’s not working today (this is a very early version of the study) but normally he would have jabbed me with it lightly. I would have seen the cattle prod coming at me while I felt it press into my sides. This is “synchronous touch,” Karutz later explains, another way to produce body transfer. Today, it’s just floating nearby, so, unprodded, I stand over the water trough as the voice tells me I’ll drink up to 30 gallons a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please turn to your left until you see the fence where you started,” says the voice. “You have been here for 200 days and reached your target weight. So it is time for you to go to the slaughterhouse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was not expecting this. A wave of sadness and horror hits me with the word “slaughterhouse.” The suddenness of the announcement, the feeling of being trapped, the guilt and responsibility I feel for my cow avatar, who I somehow feel is me, but who I simultaneously feel is younger and more innocent and who is, I should point out, a vegetarian— it’s remarkably heavy for having been in this virtual life only a few minutes. The part of me that is a cow dutifully walks toward the fence. The part of me that is a person is yelling. It’s unbidden, startling even me, an anger borne of nervousness. “That is brutal!” I shout at no one in particular.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/3T9kfbcRrQ8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/3T9kfbcRrQ8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The simulation presses on, telling me to face my cow avatar. She gazes back at me, as innocently adorable as ever. “Here you will await the slaughterhouse truck,” says the voice. The floor begins to vibrate. I hear the grinding of approaching tires and the beep of a truck backing up. I feel a rush of real fear as the world shakes noisily around me. I scan my head from side to side, wondering where the truck is going to appear. What will happen then? But it doesn’t. The experiment is over. “My God, you guys,” I hear myself muttering in relief as Karutz unwinches me from the helmet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watching Yourself Die as a Coral Stem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Had I been in the real study, the follow-up would have gauged whether I now felt more empathy for cows, and more broadly, my feelings about animal rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Do you learn better, do you care, are you more motivated to learn when you become the coral?\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And the cow— cuddly, familiar, a fellow mammal—is just the beginning of where the lab is headed with this idea. Moments before I came in, Karutz had been making tweaks to an experiment in which participants will become a coral stem in a coastal reef, an even more unfamiliar body configuration. The coral is immobile, a brilliant purple, with branches that just vaguely recall arms, the only nod to the human form this simulation makes. It’s situated in clear blue water, surrounded by a passing jumble of sea life. For synchronous touch, a fishing net will bump into you while a lab assistant pokes you in the chest with the dowel. This time, you will listen to facts about ocean acidification, caused by water absorbing the carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels, as you watch the sea around you slowly die— first the sea urchins, then the fish that feed on the urchins, then the sea snails whose shells become corroded by the acidifying waters. As the animals disappear, the water becomes grayer and the rocks coated in algae. If you look down you will see your own body withering, until a chunk falls off onto the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So in both of these you have to watch yourself die or almost die,” I point out flatly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some very dramatic effects,” agrees Karutz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab is working with marine biologists to design the coral scenario,which subjects will experience as a VR environment, a video, or simply audio. Ultimately, says Bailenson, they’re testing how well viscerally experiencing the dying coral works as an educational method. “Do you learn better, do you care, are you more motivated to learn when you become the coral?” he asks. They’ll also track an empathy-related measure—maybe subjects’ willingness to donate money or sign petitions for ocean-related causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also a more technical cognitive question behind all of this shapeshifting: the idea of homuncular flexibility. The homunculus, or “little man,” is a way of visualizing how the cortex maps senses and movements onto the body. The areas that innervate different parts of the limbs, trunk, and head appear in this cortical strip in roughly toe-to-head order. But because the face and fingers are so sensitive and dexterous, they’re more densely innervated and take up more space. If you drew the body of a “little man” based on this cortical schematic, he would have two fat lips and clown hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In VR, says Bailenson, “Homuncular flexibility asks, if you put someone in a body that is decidedly nonhuman, can they learn to operate it?” So imagine, he says, as Jaron Lanier—his friend and mentor—had attempted during early experiments with novel avatars, “you put someone in a lobster. A lobster has eight arms. Moving the first arms of the lobster is very simple. You move the physical two arms, and the virtual arms do what the first two do. How do you move arms three through eight?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I know it’s a virtual hand and a virtual fire. But that little tiny freak-out moment? It’s real.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s an extraordinarily magical question and also an extremely practical one. Think of using your avatar to manipulate digital objects, says Bailenson, like in the film \u003cem>Minority Report\u003c/em>, based on the Philip K. Dick story, in which Tom Cruise plays a futuristic police officer. “You remember that scene where Tom Cruise is playing with all that data and using his arms?” asks Bailenson. “\u003cem>Why is he just using two arms?\u003c/em> The data is all digital. If people can learn to control eight arms, then they’d be more efficient.” Or, he says, think about using virtual environments to manipulate real-world machines. You could have “many to one” control, in which a group of users operate a “team body,” or “one to many,” in which one expert controls multiple devices. Consider the military, he says: “The single best plane operator, why is she only operating one plane?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So this is what we’re going to try on my last day in the lab. Andrea Stevenson Won, a lab doctoral student, has built a scenario that will give me a virtual third limb, and we’ll see how quickly I can learn to control it. Karutz fits me with the helmet and straps infrared markers and small plastic accelerometers to my wrists. Then the lights go out, and I’m staring into a virtual mirror at my avatar, a silver outline of a body. It’s got the two usual arms, which I can operate by moving my own normally. But there’s also this enormously long armlike protrusion sticking out of my chest. This limb has no elbow joint, and just the barest hint of fingers. Karutz gives me a few seconds with the mirror to adjust to my new limb, which is controlled by rotating my wrists. One of them—he doesn’t say which— controls horizontal movements, and the other its lateral movements. I hold my hands out stiffly in front of me and jiggle my wrists. My third arm flips back and forth like a windshield wiper. This is all the training I get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the mirror blinks off, and I’m looking at cubes hovering in space, just close enough for me to touch with my own fingertips. On my left, there are nine blue cubes; to the right, nine red ones. Every now and then, a cube will turn white. When it does, I must touch it with my real hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of feet behind these are nine green cubes. When a white cube appears here, I’ll have to touch it, too. “They are too far, so you can’t use your normal limbs,” says Karutz. “So that’s why you have a third arm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK. Ready. A cube lights up in the blue set. I tap it with my hand. The cube flashes and emits a delightful shimmery zing before turning blue again. \u003cem>Easy\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now one back in the green array lights up. I’m mentally prepared for this to be tough. Karutz is, too. He’s about to offer some encouragement when I just reach out with my third arm and ... touch it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have no idea what I did. I just did it. “\u003cem>Nice\u003c/em>!” Karutz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I make an awestruck noise and keep going. The cubes flash, and I smack them. Real arms, fake arm— it’s weirdly natural. The mental and muscular math required to make the third arm move happens subconsciously; somehow my two real wrists direct the imaginary one. I’m hoping this will be an actual job skill in the future. \u003cem>Ask me about my homuncular flexibility!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Stevenson Won concludes that people can adapt within five minutes, and that subjects given a third arm did better than a control group that only used their real arms and stepped forward to tap the green cubes. In an earlier phase of the study, she also found that people readily adapt to having their arms and legs switched, or to having their legs be able to reach extra far. I’d tried this the previous fall, and found it easy to complete the task— popping virtual balloons floating in midair— while using my arms to control my virtual feet, or kicking over my head with my suddenly superflexible legs. I mean, it hadn’t been pretty. I’d lumbered around the room swinging my limbs like a deranged robot. But it got the balloons popped. The idea, she says, was to see if people would switch to using their feet, rather than their hands, which were better balloon- popping tools in both conditions. (They did, although they performed the task better when their legs were given extended range.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thinking about tool use is important in homuncular flexibility research, says Stevenson Won, because there are parallels between how we learn to use them and how we learn to control novel bodies. “People are very good at quickly learning to use new tools, and tools can be considered as extensions of the body,” she says. In the third arm study, subjects are put into one of four conditions. Some see a limb attached to their chest, as I did. Others see it floating near their body, or as a sort of metal cylinder protruding from their chest, or as a hexagonal shape floating beside them. In other words, it can look like either a tool or a body part, and it can be attached to you or not. And that might change how you learn to use it. As Bailenson puts it: “Is it a hammer or is it your arm?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a way to test this, too. After I have tapped my way through the cube task, Karutz makes the cubes vanish, and now a bull’s- eye hangs in midair. He asks me to place my third arm at its center. I do, and there is a roaring noise and a bright light. My brain registers this as: \u003cem>My hand is on fire.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I yell. My shoulders and neck involuntarily go into a deep cringe. And that is exactly what the lab wants to know— how I react to a threat to my imaginary limb. “If it’s a tool, if somebody sets it on fire, you shouldn’t flinch,” says Bailenson. “And if it’s your arm, you should.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And look, by this point I have spent a lot of time in this lab. I have read a ton of their papers and interviewed them relentlessly on their methods. I can see how the trick is done. I know it’s a virtual hand and a virtual fire. But that little tiny freak-out moment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Adapted excerpt from \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbgtoolkit.com/book.php?isbn=9780465089970\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY: How Biohackers, Foodies, Physicians, and Scientists are Transforming Human Perception, One Sense at a Time\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> by Kara Platoni. Copyright © 2015. Available from Basic Books, an imprint of Perseus Books, a division of PBG Publishing, LLC, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group, Inc\u003c/em> https://twitter.com/KaraPlatoni\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/144683/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse","authors":["byline_futureofyou_144683"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1439","futureofyou_880","futureofyou_882","futureofyou_380","futureofyou_881"],"featImg":"futureofyou_150203","label":"source_futureofyou_144683"},"futureofyou_101554":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_101554","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"101554","score":null,"sort":[1453503926000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"meditating-in-virtual-reality","title":"Meditating in Virtual Reality?","publishDate":1453503926,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":54,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9SrdzavG2Y\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine you are on a beach in Bali practicing yoga at dawn, watching the sun rise beyond the lagoon. The image is so vivid that you almost forget you are actually sitting in an office in San Francisco, wearing a virtual reality (VR) headset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mood Me, a new VR application, gives users a similar experience, aiming to enhance their mood through yoga and meditation. Co-founders Oksana Zavoyko, a psychologist and author of “Dreambook,” and Nisa Ahmadova, a software engineer, developed the app, through which a user can step onto the beach to see, hear and join the practice of a yoga expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mood Me team believes that putting users who are put in a relaxing location and who complete the exercises can shift their mood and become more mindful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In virtual reality, you can enter the space with yoga or meditation masters from around the world, learning from a wide range of teachers from different backgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while VR can help people be mindful by virtual means, some may argue that if you need your virtual reality headset to be mindful, you are relying too much on the technology. Mood Me’s Zavoyko and Ahmadova hope their users will be able to take what they practice inside of virtual reality back to the real world.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The creators of a new VR application hope meditators will use it to practice yoga.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477272026,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":235},"headData":{"title":"Meditating in Virtual Reality? | KQED","description":"The creators of a new VR application hope meditators will use it to practice yoga.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Meditating in Virtual Reality?","datePublished":"2016-01-22T23:05:26.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T01:20:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"101554 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=101554","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/22/meditating-in-virtual-reality/","disqusTitle":"Meditating in Virtual Reality?","nprByline":"Naomi Cornman\u003cbr />Peninsula Press","path":"/futureofyou/101554/meditating-in-virtual-reality","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/a9SrdzavG2Y'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/a9SrdzavG2Y'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Imagine you are on a beach in Bali practicing yoga at dawn, watching the sun rise beyond the lagoon. The image is so vivid that you almost forget you are actually sitting in an office in San Francisco, wearing a virtual reality (VR) headset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mood Me, a new VR application, gives users a similar experience, aiming to enhance their mood through yoga and meditation. Co-founders Oksana Zavoyko, a psychologist and author of “Dreambook,” and Nisa Ahmadova, a software engineer, developed the app, through which a user can step onto the beach to see, hear and join the practice of a yoga expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mood Me team believes that putting users who are put in a relaxing location and who complete the exercises can shift their mood and become more mindful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In virtual reality, you can enter the space with yoga or meditation masters from around the world, learning from a wide range of teachers from different backgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while VR can help people be mindful by virtual means, some may argue that if you need your virtual reality headset to be mindful, you are relying too much on the technology. Mood Me’s Zavoyko and Ahmadova hope their users will be able to take what they practice inside of virtual reality back to the real world.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/101554/meditating-in-virtual-reality","authors":["byline_futureofyou_101554"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"categories":["futureofyou_1063"],"tags":["futureofyou_725","futureofyou_380"],"featImg":"futureofyou_101585","label":"futureofyou_54"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. 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