Video Games May Affect The Brain Differently, Depending On What You Play
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Play This Video Game and Call Me in the Morning
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Her latest research suggests that Tetris can ease us through periods of anxiety by getting us to a blissfully engrossed mental state that\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/04/17/399806632/what-makes-a-life-worth-living\"> psychologists call \"flow.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The state of flow is one where you're completely absorbed or engaged in some kind of activity,\" Sweeny explains. \"You lose your self-awareness, and time is just flying by.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So say, you're waiting for a date to text you back, or for your LSAT scores, or — as much of the country will be doing on Tuesday — waiting for the election results. You may be tempted to think obsessively about the possibilities. Instead, Sweeny's research suggests, you may want to turn off Twitter alerts, and try distracting yourself with a brain game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Femo0000479\">study\u003c/a>, published recently in the journal \u003cem>Emotion\u003c/em>, focused on people who were waiting for uncertain, potentially life-altering news, and it found that a flow-inducing game of Tetris could help them cope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeny and her collaborators gathered a group of more than 300 college students and told them their peers would be evaluating how attractive they were. \"I know, it's kind of cruel, but we found it's a really effective way to get people stressed out,\" Sweeny says. While the participants awaited their attractiveness scores, the researchers had them play Tetris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some played a painfully slow, easy version of the game — which bored them. Some played an extremely challenging, fast version — which frustrated them. And everyone else played the classic version, which adapts to each player's individual skill level and gets them into that state of flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, everyone experienced a degree of worry. But the third group reported slightly higher levels of positive emotions (on average, about a quarter of a point higher on a five-point scale) and slightly lower levels of negative emotions (half a point lower on a five-point scale).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't a huge difference, but we think it's noticeable,\" Sweeny says. \"And over time, it can add up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results line up with a growing body of research showing that regular doses of flow can boost our mood and help us manage stress. And although playing Tetris is a reliable way to achieve flow, other absorbing video games would work too. And if you'd rather put down your digital device, no worries. Games are by no means the only way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Think of the activity that grabs your attention and doesn't let it go,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://dunn.psych.ubc.ca/\">Elizabeth Dunn\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia who studies happiness. \"For me, it's mountain biking.\" For you, it could be chess or ballet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't say I found this study particularly surprising at all,\" says Dunn, who wasn't involved in the research. \"Mostly because, based on previous research, it's hard to find a situation where the experience of flow isn't a good thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the new research does suggest, she says, \"is that even in tough moments, we should push ourselves to do something challenging to get us out of the moment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Go mountain biking, or rock climbing or have games night with your friends where you play really challenging games,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if all else fails, you can always try Tetris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Maanvi Singh is a freelance writer and a regular contributor to NPR. You can find her on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/maanvisings\">@maanvisings. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can%27t+Stop+Worrying%3F+Try+Tetris+To+Ease+Your+Mind&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There could be an upside to your phone addiction. Games like Tetris can reduce anxiety, according to new research. So if you've got Election Day jitters, go ahead and launch that app.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1541446990,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":656},"headData":{"title":"If You're Anxious, Play Tetris, Study Says | KQED","description":"There could be an upside to your phone addiction. Games like Tetris can reduce anxiety, according to new research. So if you've got Election Day jitters, go ahead and launch that app.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"445346 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445346","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/11/05/if-youre-anxious-play-tetris-says-study/","disqusTitle":"If You're Anxious, Play Tetris, Study Says","nprByline":"Maanvi Singh\u003cbr />NPR Shots","nprImageAgency":"Mary Mathis/NPR","nprStoryId":"662212524","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=662212524&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/11/05/662212524/cant-stop-worrying-try-tetris-to-ease-your-mind?ft=nprml&f=662212524","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 05 Nov 2018 12:23:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 05 Nov 2018 05:00:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 05 Nov 2018 12:23:18 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/11/20181105_me_cant_stop_worrying_try_tetris_to_ease_your_mind.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=153&p=3&story=662212524&ft=nprml&f=662212524","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1664280790-a2aa21.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=153&p=3&story=662212524&ft=nprml&f=662212524","audioTrackLength":154,"path":"/futureofyou/445346/if-youre-anxious-play-tetris-says-study","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/11/20181105_me_cant_stop_worrying_try_tetris_to_ease_your_mind.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=153&p=3&story=662212524&ft=nprml&f=662212524","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you've ever played Tetris — whether it was at an old-school Gameboy, or just on your iPhone — then you know: It's 8-bit enchantment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Years of my life were lost disappearing into a game of Tetris on my Nintendo system,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychology.ucr.edu/faculty/sweeny/index.html\">Kate Sweeny\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University of California, Riverside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But maybe the hours she spent lining those little blocks (\"tetriminos\") into perfect rows of 10 weren't a total waste. Her latest research suggests that Tetris can ease us through periods of anxiety by getting us to a blissfully engrossed mental state that\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/04/17/399806632/what-makes-a-life-worth-living\"> psychologists call \"flow.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The state of flow is one where you're completely absorbed or engaged in some kind of activity,\" Sweeny explains. \"You lose your self-awareness, and time is just flying by.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So say, you're waiting for a date to text you back, or for your LSAT scores, or — as much of the country will be doing on Tuesday — waiting for the election results. You may be tempted to think obsessively about the possibilities. Instead, Sweeny's research suggests, you may want to turn off Twitter alerts, and try distracting yourself with a brain game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Femo0000479\">study\u003c/a>, published recently in the journal \u003cem>Emotion\u003c/em>, focused on people who were waiting for uncertain, potentially life-altering news, and it found that a flow-inducing game of Tetris could help them cope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeny and her collaborators gathered a group of more than 300 college students and told them their peers would be evaluating how attractive they were. \"I know, it's kind of cruel, but we found it's a really effective way to get people stressed out,\" Sweeny says. While the participants awaited their attractiveness scores, the researchers had them play Tetris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some played a painfully slow, easy version of the game — which bored them. Some played an extremely challenging, fast version — which frustrated them. And everyone else played the classic version, which adapts to each player's individual skill level and gets them into that state of flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, everyone experienced a degree of worry. But the third group reported slightly higher levels of positive emotions (on average, about a quarter of a point higher on a five-point scale) and slightly lower levels of negative emotions (half a point lower on a five-point scale).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't a huge difference, but we think it's noticeable,\" Sweeny says. \"And over time, it can add up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results line up with a growing body of research showing that regular doses of flow can boost our mood and help us manage stress. And although playing Tetris is a reliable way to achieve flow, other absorbing video games would work too. And if you'd rather put down your digital device, no worries. Games are by no means the only way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Think of the activity that grabs your attention and doesn't let it go,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://dunn.psych.ubc.ca/\">Elizabeth Dunn\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia who studies happiness. \"For me, it's mountain biking.\" For you, it could be chess or ballet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't say I found this study particularly surprising at all,\" says Dunn, who wasn't involved in the research. \"Mostly because, based on previous research, it's hard to find a situation where the experience of flow isn't a good thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the new research does suggest, she says, \"is that even in tough moments, we should push ourselves to do something challenging to get us out of the moment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Go mountain biking, or rock climbing or have games night with your friends where you play really challenging games,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if all else fails, you can always try Tetris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Maanvi Singh is a freelance writer and a regular contributor to NPR. You can find her on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/maanvisings\">@maanvisings. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can%27t+Stop+Worrying%3F+Try+Tetris+To+Ease+Your+Mind&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445346/if-youre-anxious-play-tetris-says-study","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445346"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_162"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445347","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_434763":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_434763","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"434763","score":null,"sort":[1502303220000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"video-games-may-affect-the-brain-differently-depending-on-what-you-play","title":"Video Games May Affect The Brain Differently, Depending On What You Play","publishDate":1502303220,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>People who played action video games that involve first-person shooters, such as Call of Duty and Medal of Honor, experienced shrinkage in a brain region called the hippocampus, according to a study published Tuesday in \u003cem>Molecular\u003c/em> \u003cem>Psychiatry\u003c/em>. That part of the brain is associated with spatial navigation, stress regulation and memory. Playing Super Mario games, in which the noble plumber strives to rescue a princess, had the opposite effect on the hippocampus, causing growth in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have done \u003ca href=\"http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00248/full#F1\">dozens of studies\u003c/a> looking to see if playing video games affects people's health and behavior. There's some evidence they may improve people's visual short-term memory and eye-hand coordination. But researchers keep looking for negative consequences, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers first asked 33 participants how often they had played video games in the past year. They scanned people's brains using MRIs, and found that the action video game players, who reported spending an average of 19 hours playing action video games each week, had less gray matter in the hippocampus than non-video game players. The difference was statistically significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"piE4vSUENHR0hZHdkiOKIhLF9ZgivVMX\"]Then the researchers asked 43 other people who don't usually play video games to spend 90 hours over about 10 weeks playing either action video games or Super Mario games in a controlled setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the group that played action video games lost gray matter in the hippocampus, according to \u003ca href=\"http://en.psy.umontreal.ca/repertoire-departement/vue/west-gregory/\">Gregory West\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/mp2017155a.html?foxtrotcallback=true\">study\u003c/a>'s lead author and an associate professor of psychology at the University of Montreal. And people who played Super Mario games gained gray matter in the hippocampus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we train up this one system, this other system is potentially being neglected and potentially showing signs of atrophy,\" West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jacobsfoundation.org/contacts/simone-kuehn/\">Simone Kuhn\u003c/a>, a professor of neural plasticity at the University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf in Germany, says people who play action video games shouldn't be too concerned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would never interpret this finding as a big warning against action video games,\" she says. Why did action video games seem to shrink the hippocampus, while a different type of game seem to have caused it to grow? West and his colleagues have some ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way that each type of video game is designed could play a role, West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the majority of action video games, there's an onscreen GPS overlaid on the screen,\" West says. \"There's also wayfinding markers overlaid over the environment, and we know from past studies that when people are encouraged to navigate using these cues, really, they're not using their hippocampal memory system to navigate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they're using the caudate nucleus, which is part of the brain's reward system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like your brain's autopilot, you could think of it that way,\" West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could be the case that these action video games are encouraging people to favor this reward system over their hippocampal memory system. And then it's become the use-it-or-lose-it type scenario.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes future research can determine if there's a relationship between the changes he and his colleagues observed and the number of hours a person spends each week playing video games, as well as the extent of the increase or decrease in size of the hippocampus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/12/15/gaming-and-gamers/\">1 in 10 Americans\u003c/a> who consider themselves gamers, West has some advice about which games to choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I had to recommend a type of video game to someone, it would be a 3-D platform or logic puzzle game. The evidence is clear at this point that these games can be beneficial for the brain,\" West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Video+Games+May+Affect+The+Brain+Differently%2C+Depending+On+What+You+Play&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Millions of people play video games, but there's plenty of disagreement on whether they're good or bad for brains. Action games may have a different effect than something like Super Mario.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1502921009,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":626},"headData":{"title":"Video Games May Affect The Brain Differently, Depending On What You Play | KQED","description":"Millions of people play video games, but there's plenty of disagreement on whether they're good or bad for brains. Action games may have a different effect than something like Super Mario.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"434763 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=434763","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/08/09/video-games-may-affect-the-brain-differently-depending-on-what-you-play/","disqusTitle":"Video Games May Affect The Brain Differently, Depending On What You Play","nprByline":"Courtney Columbus\u003c/br>NPR","nprImageAgency":"mustafahacalaki/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"542215646","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=542215646&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/09/542215646/video-games-may-affect-the-brain-differently-depending-on-what-you-play?ft=nprml&f=542215646","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 09 Aug 2017 12:12:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 09 Aug 2017 11:16:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 09 Aug 2017 12:12:08 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/434763/video-games-may-affect-the-brain-differently-depending-on-what-you-play","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>People who played action video games that involve first-person shooters, such as Call of Duty and Medal of Honor, experienced shrinkage in a brain region called the hippocampus, according to a study published Tuesday in \u003cem>Molecular\u003c/em> \u003cem>Psychiatry\u003c/em>. That part of the brain is associated with spatial navigation, stress regulation and memory. Playing Super Mario games, in which the noble plumber strives to rescue a princess, had the opposite effect on the hippocampus, causing growth in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have done \u003ca href=\"http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00248/full#F1\">dozens of studies\u003c/a> looking to see if playing video games affects people's health and behavior. There's some evidence they may improve people's visual short-term memory and eye-hand coordination. But researchers keep looking for negative consequences, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers first asked 33 participants how often they had played video games in the past year. They scanned people's brains using MRIs, and found that the action video game players, who reported spending an average of 19 hours playing action video games each week, had less gray matter in the hippocampus than non-video game players. The difference was statistically significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Then the researchers asked 43 other people who don't usually play video games to spend 90 hours over about 10 weeks playing either action video games or Super Mario games in a controlled setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the group that played action video games lost gray matter in the hippocampus, according to \u003ca href=\"http://en.psy.umontreal.ca/repertoire-departement/vue/west-gregory/\">Gregory West\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/mp2017155a.html?foxtrotcallback=true\">study\u003c/a>'s lead author and an associate professor of psychology at the University of Montreal. And people who played Super Mario games gained gray matter in the hippocampus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we train up this one system, this other system is potentially being neglected and potentially showing signs of atrophy,\" West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jacobsfoundation.org/contacts/simone-kuehn/\">Simone Kuhn\u003c/a>, a professor of neural plasticity at the University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf in Germany, says people who play action video games shouldn't be too concerned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would never interpret this finding as a big warning against action video games,\" she says. Why did action video games seem to shrink the hippocampus, while a different type of game seem to have caused it to grow? West and his colleagues have some ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way that each type of video game is designed could play a role, West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the majority of action video games, there's an onscreen GPS overlaid on the screen,\" West says. \"There's also wayfinding markers overlaid over the environment, and we know from past studies that when people are encouraged to navigate using these cues, really, they're not using their hippocampal memory system to navigate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they're using the caudate nucleus, which is part of the brain's reward system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like your brain's autopilot, you could think of it that way,\" West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could be the case that these action video games are encouraging people to favor this reward system over their hippocampal memory system. And then it's become the use-it-or-lose-it type scenario.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes future research can determine if there's a relationship between the changes he and his colleagues observed and the number of hours a person spends each week playing video games, as well as the extent of the increase or decrease in size of the hippocampus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/12/15/gaming-and-gamers/\">1 in 10 Americans\u003c/a> who consider themselves gamers, West has some advice about which games to choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I had to recommend a type of video game to someone, it would be a 3-D platform or logic puzzle game. The evidence is clear at this point that these games can be beneficial for the brain,\" West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Video+Games+May+Affect+The+Brain+Differently%2C+Depending+On+What+You+Play&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/434763/video-games-may-affect-the-brain-differently-depending-on-what-you-play","authors":["byline_futureofyou_434763"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_1061"],"tags":["futureofyou_56","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_162"],"featImg":"futureofyou_434764","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_366169":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_366169","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"366169","score":null,"sort":[1491494448000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"this-video-game-helped-some-kids-overcome-attention-problems","title":"This Video Game Helped Some Kids Overcome Attention Problems","publishDate":1491494448,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Katherine Stevenson was 8 when she joined a UCSF study to test the effects of a video game on kids like her with \u003ca href=\"https://www.spdstar.org/basic/about-spd\" target=\"_blank\">sensory processing dysfunction\u003c/a>, or SPD, a collection of symptoms where the brain has trouble filtering incoming information -- like sounds and instructions -- in organized, focused ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine is a happy, outgoing child with a high overall IQ, but her cognitive speed (relating to response and performance) is low in comparison to her critical thinking. Her main challenge is an auditory processing disorder that makes it hard for her to screen out certain sounds, because she hears them all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded,\" says her mom, Kori Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded.'\u003ccite>Parent Kori Stevenson on her daughter's sensory processing dysfunction, or SPD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study, spearheaded in 2014 by two Department of Neurology professors, brought Katherine and 62 other elementary school kids (38 with SPD and 25 with typical development patterns) into a lab where an EEG machine tracked their brain activity while they followed computer prompts designed to measure their ability to focus and multitask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the real work began. The kids brought home iPads loaded with a special software designed to target and improve problems with thinking, reacting, and performing tasks. Twice a day, five days a week for a month, the kids spent 30 minutes maneuvering a cartoonish 3-D figure along a moving pathway without hitting the walls -- tilting, swiping and jabbing the iPad as the game made all kinds of sounds and other potential distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were times that it was really hard to for her,\" says Stevenson. \"There were some days when she breezed through and other days, she was in tears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the month was over, and the kids were retested, Katherine's performance had improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Her ability to focus was a little bit better. And she wasn’t as fatigued at the end of the day. Her ability to multitask improved,\" says Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine's experience was not unique. The UCSF study, \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0172616\" target=\"_blank\">published \u003c/a>Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE, showed that while the iPad home training program benefited all the kids who participated to some extent, the results were even better for seven children (including Katherine), a subset of the 38 SPD children with symptoms of ADHD. This group dramatically overcame these issues, at least temporarily, after just a month of video play. Nine months later, those children had so improved (based on their parents' feedback) that they would no longer meet the clinical standard for symptoms of ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Underserved Group\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video games designed for kids with ADHD have received the most press. But for this study, UCSF Neurology professors Joaquin Anguera and Elyse Marco wanted to focus on an underserved group that doesn't get as much attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some brain training studies specifically target people with ADHD with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/21/a-tech-start-up-making-a-play-for-billions-in-adhd-drug-market.html\">gaming products\u003c/a> -- a market ripe for profit, if it can be shown that such products really work. But \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/joaquin.anguera\">Anguera\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://anp.ucsf.edu/aboutus/faculty/emarco\">Marco\u003c/a> wanted to work with children with sensory processing dysfunction, a group Marco got to know through her pediatric clinical practice at UCSF. If you're not familiar with SPD, you're not alone. The disorder is thought to affect 5 percent of all U.S. children, but it's a poorly studied group. Symptoms vary widely, from children like Katherine Stevenson with auditory processing issues to something closer to autism spectrum disorder and ADHD. As such, it is often misdiagnosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_366979\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-366979\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software.\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-768x541.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-960x677.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-240x169.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-375x264.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-520x366.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO.jpg 1084w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software. \u003ccite>(Akili Interactive Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The results\u003cem> \u003c/em>of the UCSF study challenge the notion that prolonged exposure to video games, iPads and other interactive technology turns toddlers into strung-out youngsters with an \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/adhd/adhd-associated-video-game-addiction\">ADHD-like inability to focus on tasks\u003c/a> and get things done to completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A preponderance of studies suggest that all that screen time \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/19/502610055/heavy-screen-time-rewires-young-brains-for-better-and-worse\">\u003cem>does\u003c/em> re-wire the brain\u003c/a>. But that may not be a bad thing -- especially for kids like Katherine, who can benefit from learning how to focus on a single goal-based task and block out any other distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable,\" says Anguera, lead author of the study. The results showed some parallels to his\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005416\"> much-publicized 2013 \u003c/a>study where a different 3-D video game called Neuroracer trained seniors to multitask better than a group of 20-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beyond the Hype\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the new study only included 63 kids, it was meant as more of a proof of concept experiment than a study meant to offer clinical conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cognitive scientists bristle at suggestions that any of the newfangled cognitive training programs on the market can work for everyone. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cogmed.com/who-is-cogmed-for\">Cogmed \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.lumosity.com/\">Lumosity\u003c/a>, for example, target both children and adults with claims of improving attention and processing speed. The most common word experts use to describe them is \"exaggerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Laura Carstensen, founding director of the \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Center on Longevity\u003c/a>, is one of the skeptics. “Can you improve your brain so that it’s faster, more adept, more vital?,\" she told KQED in 2010. \"That’s what the claims are, and I don’t think there’s really any evidence for that.\" In 2014, 73 experts signed an open letter (since taken offline) \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/23/brain-games-memory-loss-open-letter\">warning about\u003c/a> companies exploiting consumers with such claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera is the first to agree. \"You have all these problematic 'brain training' things, and it's fraught with snake oil,\" he says. \"There haven’t been very many studies that have shown any kind of difference, that it does work.\" [contextly_sidebar id=\"8fVx8JR3VjF4j4i929dImiQCARfor4l2\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main takeaway from this study, according to Anguera, is how well it demonstrates the need for personalized assessment before offering kids the brain-training programs of tomorrow. One size does not fit all; look at the fact that only a small subset of the study participants with SPD -- the cohort of SPD kids with hyperactivity or attention struggles -- showed long-term benefit from the video game training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really gives us a perspective. If you’re going to use these types of technologies to improve people's attention, you need to be putting thought into it. Not everyone needs the same type of intervention, and the same types of intervention won't work for everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, Anguera has confidence that the improvements his team observed were genuine, based on the fact that they were assessed with three different metrics: behavioral testing in the lab, parent surveys, and the use of EEG devices to measure brain waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera's team was particularly intrigued to watch a part of the pre-frontal lobe \"light up\" during EEG scans. It's the part of the brain that drives goal-directed activities, and researchers saw how much more responsive it became after kids had spent a month playing with the iPad. Scientists suspect that in kids with ADHD-like symptoms, the cognitive circuits at the front of the brain are not firing at the right time or they’re not firing enough, according to Anguera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers don't know exactly how, but it appears that \"pushing\" on, or repeatedly using, these circuits of attention strengthens them, like bicep training at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s very few of these cognitive training studies – maybe none – that show a signature that correlates with behavior on some test of attention and shows what’s happening,\" says Anguera. \"That's what makes this unique.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable.'\u003ccite>Dr. Joaquin Anguera, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study used an iPad game called Project: EVO. In 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://www.akiliinteractive.com/\">Akili Interactive Labs\u003c/a>, the software developer, used it to \u003ca href=\"https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/video-game-is-built-to-be-prescribed-to-children-with-a-d-h-d/?_r=0\">measure the effects on a small group of children\u003c/a> with ADHD and a control group. The study found that, after playing the game five days a week for a month, the children with ADHD showed significant improvement and the control group did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akili Interactive is now \u003ca href=\"http://nationaladhdstudy.com/\">testing their software \u003c/a>on hundreds of ADHD children at 13 study sites across the U.S. and aims to be first FDA-approved ADHD videogame\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/10/430149726/will-doctors-soon-be-prescribing-video-games-for-mental-health\"> doctors prescribe to parents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"UCSF researchers tested software on children who have trouble focusing and processing sensory information.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1491589557,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1409},"headData":{"title":"This Video Game Helped Some Kids Overcome Attention Problems | KQED","description":"UCSF researchers tested software on children who have trouble focusing and processing sensory information.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"366169 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=366169","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/06/this-video-game-helped-some-kids-overcome-attention-problems/","disqusTitle":"This Video Game Helped Some Kids Overcome Attention Problems","source":"KQED Future of You","path":"/futureofyou/366169/this-video-game-helped-some-kids-overcome-attention-problems","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Katherine Stevenson was 8 when she joined a UCSF study to test the effects of a video game on kids like her with \u003ca href=\"https://www.spdstar.org/basic/about-spd\" target=\"_blank\">sensory processing dysfunction\u003c/a>, or SPD, a collection of symptoms where the brain has trouble filtering incoming information -- like sounds and instructions -- in organized, focused ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine is a happy, outgoing child with a high overall IQ, but her cognitive speed (relating to response and performance) is low in comparison to her critical thinking. Her main challenge is an auditory processing disorder that makes it hard for her to screen out certain sounds, because she hears them all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded,\" says her mom, Kori Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded.'\u003ccite>Parent Kori Stevenson on her daughter's sensory processing dysfunction, or SPD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study, spearheaded in 2014 by two Department of Neurology professors, brought Katherine and 62 other elementary school kids (38 with SPD and 25 with typical development patterns) into a lab where an EEG machine tracked their brain activity while they followed computer prompts designed to measure their ability to focus and multitask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the real work began. The kids brought home iPads loaded with a special software designed to target and improve problems with thinking, reacting, and performing tasks. Twice a day, five days a week for a month, the kids spent 30 minutes maneuvering a cartoonish 3-D figure along a moving pathway without hitting the walls -- tilting, swiping and jabbing the iPad as the game made all kinds of sounds and other potential distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were times that it was really hard to for her,\" says Stevenson. \"There were some days when she breezed through and other days, she was in tears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the month was over, and the kids were retested, Katherine's performance had improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Her ability to focus was a little bit better. And she wasn’t as fatigued at the end of the day. Her ability to multitask improved,\" says Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine's experience was not unique. The UCSF study, \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0172616\" target=\"_blank\">published \u003c/a>Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE, showed that while the iPad home training program benefited all the kids who participated to some extent, the results were even better for seven children (including Katherine), a subset of the 38 SPD children with symptoms of ADHD. This group dramatically overcame these issues, at least temporarily, after just a month of video play. Nine months later, those children had so improved (based on their parents' feedback) that they would no longer meet the clinical standard for symptoms of ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Underserved Group\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video games designed for kids with ADHD have received the most press. But for this study, UCSF Neurology professors Joaquin Anguera and Elyse Marco wanted to focus on an underserved group that doesn't get as much attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some brain training studies specifically target people with ADHD with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/21/a-tech-start-up-making-a-play-for-billions-in-adhd-drug-market.html\">gaming products\u003c/a> -- a market ripe for profit, if it can be shown that such products really work. But \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/joaquin.anguera\">Anguera\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://anp.ucsf.edu/aboutus/faculty/emarco\">Marco\u003c/a> wanted to work with children with sensory processing dysfunction, a group Marco got to know through her pediatric clinical practice at UCSF. If you're not familiar with SPD, you're not alone. The disorder is thought to affect 5 percent of all U.S. children, but it's a poorly studied group. Symptoms vary widely, from children like Katherine Stevenson with auditory processing issues to something closer to autism spectrum disorder and ADHD. As such, it is often misdiagnosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_366979\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-366979\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software.\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-768x541.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-960x677.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-240x169.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-375x264.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-520x366.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO.jpg 1084w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software. \u003ccite>(Akili Interactive Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The results\u003cem> \u003c/em>of the UCSF study challenge the notion that prolonged exposure to video games, iPads and other interactive technology turns toddlers into strung-out youngsters with an \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/adhd/adhd-associated-video-game-addiction\">ADHD-like inability to focus on tasks\u003c/a> and get things done to completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A preponderance of studies suggest that all that screen time \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/19/502610055/heavy-screen-time-rewires-young-brains-for-better-and-worse\">\u003cem>does\u003c/em> re-wire the brain\u003c/a>. But that may not be a bad thing -- especially for kids like Katherine, who can benefit from learning how to focus on a single goal-based task and block out any other distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable,\" says Anguera, lead author of the study. The results showed some parallels to his\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005416\"> much-publicized 2013 \u003c/a>study where a different 3-D video game called Neuroracer trained seniors to multitask better than a group of 20-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beyond the Hype\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the new study only included 63 kids, it was meant as more of a proof of concept experiment than a study meant to offer clinical conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cognitive scientists bristle at suggestions that any of the newfangled cognitive training programs on the market can work for everyone. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cogmed.com/who-is-cogmed-for\">Cogmed \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.lumosity.com/\">Lumosity\u003c/a>, for example, target both children and adults with claims of improving attention and processing speed. The most common word experts use to describe them is \"exaggerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Laura Carstensen, founding director of the \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Center on Longevity\u003c/a>, is one of the skeptics. “Can you improve your brain so that it’s faster, more adept, more vital?,\" she told KQED in 2010. \"That’s what the claims are, and I don’t think there’s really any evidence for that.\" In 2014, 73 experts signed an open letter (since taken offline) \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/23/brain-games-memory-loss-open-letter\">warning about\u003c/a> companies exploiting consumers with such claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera is the first to agree. \"You have all these problematic 'brain training' things, and it's fraught with snake oil,\" he says. \"There haven’t been very many studies that have shown any kind of difference, that it does work.\" \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main takeaway from this study, according to Anguera, is how well it demonstrates the need for personalized assessment before offering kids the brain-training programs of tomorrow. One size does not fit all; look at the fact that only a small subset of the study participants with SPD -- the cohort of SPD kids with hyperactivity or attention struggles -- showed long-term benefit from the video game training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really gives us a perspective. If you’re going to use these types of technologies to improve people's attention, you need to be putting thought into it. Not everyone needs the same type of intervention, and the same types of intervention won't work for everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, Anguera has confidence that the improvements his team observed were genuine, based on the fact that they were assessed with three different metrics: behavioral testing in the lab, parent surveys, and the use of EEG devices to measure brain waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera's team was particularly intrigued to watch a part of the pre-frontal lobe \"light up\" during EEG scans. It's the part of the brain that drives goal-directed activities, and researchers saw how much more responsive it became after kids had spent a month playing with the iPad. Scientists suspect that in kids with ADHD-like symptoms, the cognitive circuits at the front of the brain are not firing at the right time or they’re not firing enough, according to Anguera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers don't know exactly how, but it appears that \"pushing\" on, or repeatedly using, these circuits of attention strengthens them, like bicep training at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s very few of these cognitive training studies – maybe none – that show a signature that correlates with behavior on some test of attention and shows what’s happening,\" says Anguera. \"That's what makes this unique.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable.'\u003ccite>Dr. Joaquin Anguera, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study used an iPad game called Project: EVO. In 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://www.akiliinteractive.com/\">Akili Interactive Labs\u003c/a>, the software developer, used it to \u003ca href=\"https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/video-game-is-built-to-be-prescribed-to-children-with-a-d-h-d/?_r=0\">measure the effects on a small group of children\u003c/a> with ADHD and a control group. The study found that, after playing the game five days a week for a month, the children with ADHD showed significant improvement and the control group did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akili Interactive is now \u003ca href=\"http://nationaladhdstudy.com/\">testing their software \u003c/a>on hundreds of ADHD children at 13 study sites across the U.S. and aims to be first FDA-approved ADHD videogame\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/10/430149726/will-doctors-soon-be-prescribing-video-games-for-mental-health\"> doctors prescribe to parents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/366169/this-video-game-helped-some-kids-overcome-attention-problems","authors":["8664"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_73","futureofyou_1061"],"tags":["futureofyou_161","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_59","futureofyou_1237","futureofyou_1236","futureofyou_113","futureofyou_162"],"collections":["futureofyou_1096"],"featImg":"futureofyou_366987","label":"source_futureofyou_366169"},"futureofyou_324807":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_324807","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"324807","score":null,"sort":[1485277207000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"can-an-online-game-help-you-learn-to-help-struggling-friends","title":"Game Teaches How to Reach Out to Depressed College Students","publishDate":1485277207,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>It can be difficult to know what to say when a friend is struggling. The conversation is hard to even start. Maya Cohen, a first-year student at Tulane University, says she knows better how to intervene after playing a video game created to help people learn how to recognize signs of psychological distress like depression, anxiety and substance abuse, and get them professional help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all incoming students at Tulane, Cohen had to participate in an online conversation simulation game titled \"At-Risk For College Students.\" The purpose is to teach empathetic conversation skills. In the game, you play Jesse, a friend of Travis, a depressed young man who's been failing his classes. Jesse notices that Travis hasn't been the same lately, and goes to his apartment to see how he's doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Checking in is the kind of supportive effort that friends ideally do for one another, and the game is supposed to encourage more of that. We hear out each other's burdens. Friends are the first bulwark of support when times are a little rough or when something's deeply wrong. We might pride ourselves on the advice we give, the shoulders we offer, the general \"being there\" for our friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But our skill at doing that varies, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/wsas/academics/psychology/galbright.htm\">Glenn Albright\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Baruch College at the City University of New York and cofounder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.kognito.com\">Kognito\u003c/a>, the company that developed the game. \"It's the sad reality that a lot of people don't know how to help people,\" he says. \"How to identify those who are struggling, to approach them, talk to them and give them a level of comfort.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Checking in is the kind of supportive effort that friends ideally do for one another, and the game is supposed to encourage more of that.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Albright thought that the right conversational training program could help people help those around them. \"You're talking about 40 percent of college students reporting systems of depression where they say it's interfering with their functioning,\" Albright says. Kognito's first simulation, released in 2009, focused on faculty-student conversations. The company has since developed over a dozen simulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many focus on peer conversations, like the game that Cohen played; others address patient-doctor or family interactions. At the end of the conversation, participants get examples of how to sensitively suggest mental health services. In simulations for medical professionals, that might mean managing care collaboratively with other health professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kognito grounds all of these simulations in psychological counseling methods such as motivational interviewing, which stresses conversation techniques like using open-ended questions and listening and reflecting on what someone says during a conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[This] is really trying to engage the other person in dialogue, understand what's happening and what's influencing their behavior,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://sph.uth.edu/faculty/\">Marlyn Allicock\u003c/a>, a health behaviorist at the University of Texas in Dallas who is not involved with Kognito. \"Those skills are really grounded in empathy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the game that Cohen played, when Jesse relates to the things his friend is saying, Travis responds much more warmly. If Jesse is brusque during the conversation, Travis clams up. \"They've done a really nice job modeling a person's behavior,\" Allicock says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The games also shows things that might push people apart, Allicock notes. Giving unwarranted advice, for example, might give the impression that you think you know better than your friend. \"Those are things that push people away,\" Allicock says. \"I'm not going to open up to you if you're saying, 'You're not doing this right.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen says she didn't realize any of this until she started playing through the Kognito simulation. \"A speech bubble came up with tips,\" she says. One says using \"I\" statements is good, but not when a judgment is attached. That reminded Cohen that when a friend of hers would complain about something, Cohen would make a judgment. \"I would approach her and be like, 'I think you're overreacting,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen, 19, says she kept thinking back to one time last year when she feels she really should have talked to her friend. She got a screenshot of text messages that her friend Angie had sent to her boyfriend. We aren't using her last name to protect her privacy. The reason will become clear later in this story. \"[Angie] was texting her boyfriend saying, 'I feel none of my friends care about me. Would anybody even notice if I was gone?' \" Cohen says. She was worried, and wanted to ask Angie about it. \"I just didn't know how to start that conversation. And once I did I wouldn't know how to continue it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Cohen brought the text to her school counselor, who pulled Angie out of class. \"At the time I was really mad because I was like, so depressed, and now you're making my life harder,\" Angie says now. \"They added this entire like new situation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angie, 18, says that at the time she was considering killing herself. The counselor's intervention got her the help she needed, but the fact that none of her friends tried talking to her first made her upset. Cohen feels like it put a strain on their relationship, even after they made amends. \"We could never go back to how we were before,\" Cohen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Kognito training, Cohen says she'd been thinking a lot about how she could have handled the situation better. At the very least, she says, she could have gone to Angie first to check in on her, talk to her and find a way to get her help, but with her consent. \"That would have been more inclusive of Angie,\" Cohen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Angus Chen is a freelance writer based in New York. Find him on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/angrchen\">@angrchen\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+An+Online+Game+Help+You+Learn+To+Help+Struggling+Friends%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It's hard to ask someone if they're depressed or suicidal. Colleges are using an online game to help students learn how to have those conversations. The goal: more support and empathy.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1485282011,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":988},"headData":{"title":"Game Teaches How to Reach Out to Depressed College Students | KQED","description":"It's hard to ask someone if they're depressed or suicidal. Colleges are using an online game to help students learn how to have those conversations. The goal: more support and empathy.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"324807 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=324807","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/24/can-an-online-game-help-you-learn-to-help-struggling-friends/","disqusTitle":"Game Teaches How to Reach Out to Depressed College Students","nprByline":"Angus Chen\u003c/br>NPR","nprImageAgency":"Kognito/Screenshot by NPR","nprStoryId":"510285728","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=510285728&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/21/510285728/can-an-online-game-help-you-learn-to-help-struggling-friends?ft=nprml&f=510285728","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 23 Jan 2017 11:50:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Sat, 21 Jan 2017 05:00:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 23 Jan 2017 11:50:16 -0500","path":"/futureofyou/324807/can-an-online-game-help-you-learn-to-help-struggling-friends","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It can be difficult to know what to say when a friend is struggling. The conversation is hard to even start. Maya Cohen, a first-year student at Tulane University, says she knows better how to intervene after playing a video game created to help people learn how to recognize signs of psychological distress like depression, anxiety and substance abuse, and get them professional help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all incoming students at Tulane, Cohen had to participate in an online conversation simulation game titled \"At-Risk For College Students.\" The purpose is to teach empathetic conversation skills. In the game, you play Jesse, a friend of Travis, a depressed young man who's been failing his classes. Jesse notices that Travis hasn't been the same lately, and goes to his apartment to see how he's doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Checking in is the kind of supportive effort that friends ideally do for one another, and the game is supposed to encourage more of that. We hear out each other's burdens. Friends are the first bulwark of support when times are a little rough or when something's deeply wrong. We might pride ourselves on the advice we give, the shoulders we offer, the general \"being there\" for our friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But our skill at doing that varies, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/wsas/academics/psychology/galbright.htm\">Glenn Albright\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Baruch College at the City University of New York and cofounder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.kognito.com\">Kognito\u003c/a>, the company that developed the game. \"It's the sad reality that a lot of people don't know how to help people,\" he says. \"How to identify those who are struggling, to approach them, talk to them and give them a level of comfort.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Checking in is the kind of supportive effort that friends ideally do for one another, and the game is supposed to encourage more of that.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Albright thought that the right conversational training program could help people help those around them. \"You're talking about 40 percent of college students reporting systems of depression where they say it's interfering with their functioning,\" Albright says. Kognito's first simulation, released in 2009, focused on faculty-student conversations. The company has since developed over a dozen simulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many focus on peer conversations, like the game that Cohen played; others address patient-doctor or family interactions. At the end of the conversation, participants get examples of how to sensitively suggest mental health services. In simulations for medical professionals, that might mean managing care collaboratively with other health professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kognito grounds all of these simulations in psychological counseling methods such as motivational interviewing, which stresses conversation techniques like using open-ended questions and listening and reflecting on what someone says during a conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[This] is really trying to engage the other person in dialogue, understand what's happening and what's influencing their behavior,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://sph.uth.edu/faculty/\">Marlyn Allicock\u003c/a>, a health behaviorist at the University of Texas in Dallas who is not involved with Kognito. \"Those skills are really grounded in empathy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the game that Cohen played, when Jesse relates to the things his friend is saying, Travis responds much more warmly. If Jesse is brusque during the conversation, Travis clams up. \"They've done a really nice job modeling a person's behavior,\" Allicock says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The games also shows things that might push people apart, Allicock notes. Giving unwarranted advice, for example, might give the impression that you think you know better than your friend. \"Those are things that push people away,\" Allicock says. \"I'm not going to open up to you if you're saying, 'You're not doing this right.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen says she didn't realize any of this until she started playing through the Kognito simulation. \"A speech bubble came up with tips,\" she says. One says using \"I\" statements is good, but not when a judgment is attached. That reminded Cohen that when a friend of hers would complain about something, Cohen would make a judgment. \"I would approach her and be like, 'I think you're overreacting,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen, 19, says she kept thinking back to one time last year when she feels she really should have talked to her friend. She got a screenshot of text messages that her friend Angie had sent to her boyfriend. We aren't using her last name to protect her privacy. The reason will become clear later in this story. \"[Angie] was texting her boyfriend saying, 'I feel none of my friends care about me. Would anybody even notice if I was gone?' \" Cohen says. She was worried, and wanted to ask Angie about it. \"I just didn't know how to start that conversation. And once I did I wouldn't know how to continue it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Cohen brought the text to her school counselor, who pulled Angie out of class. \"At the time I was really mad because I was like, so depressed, and now you're making my life harder,\" Angie says now. \"They added this entire like new situation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angie, 18, says that at the time she was considering killing herself. The counselor's intervention got her the help she needed, but the fact that none of her friends tried talking to her first made her upset. Cohen feels like it put a strain on their relationship, even after they made amends. \"We could never go back to how we were before,\" Cohen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Kognito training, Cohen says she'd been thinking a lot about how she could have handled the situation better. At the very least, she says, she could have gone to Angie first to check in on her, talk to her and find a way to get her help, but with her consent. \"That would have been more inclusive of Angie,\" Cohen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Angus Chen is a freelance writer based in New York. Find him on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/angrchen\">@angrchen\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+An+Online+Game+Help+You+Learn+To+Help+Struggling+Friends%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/324807/can-an-online-game-help-you-learn-to-help-struggling-friends","authors":["byline_futureofyou_324807"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_592","futureofyou_162"],"featImg":"futureofyou_324808","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_1254":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_1254","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"1254","score":null,"sort":[1428325237000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"play-this-video-game-and-call-me-in-the-morning","title":"Play This Video Game and Call Me in the Morning","publishDate":1428325237,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150406science.mp3\u003cbr>\nI’m driving through a frozen world, where the roads are paved in ice. As I swerve left to avoid a mini iceberg, a red fish flashes at the top of my screen. I’m supposed to tap all the red fish that pop up, but not the green fish or the blue birds. And I have to do this without crashing the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doing one thing at a time is easy, but doing them both at the same time is where the magic happens!” says the omnipresent gamemeister– an unidentifiable animal with an unidentifiable accent wearing a white doctor’s coat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The better I do at tagging the red fish and ignoring the green ones, the more excited the doctor on screen gets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A-mazing!” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I get better at the game, my brain is being trained to ignore distractions and stay focused in real life. Or at least that’s the hypothesis of the neuroscientists who designed the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brain network that controls multitasking connects with networks that control memory and attention span. So by playing the game, some \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/03/06/new-ucsf-lab-studies-how-video-games-affect-our-brains/\">scientists believe\u003c/a> you can improve cognitive skills, and by extension, relieve a range of symptoms associated with attention deficit disorder, and other conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“There will definitely come a time when games are part of the overall treatment plan,” \u003ccite>Willis Gee, Cigna \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been through eight or nine completed clinical trials, in all cognitive disorders: ADHD, autism, depression,” says Matt Omernick, the executive creative director at Akili, the start-up in Larkspur that is developing the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As consumers download \u003ca href=\"http://gamesforhealth.org/\">mobile health games\u003c/a> at booming rates, Omernick and his team are taking a very different approach to their Silicon Valley counterparts in bringing their game to market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most start-ups have opted to market and sell their mobile weight loss games and diabetes trackers directly to consumers, Akili has decided to pursue the long, expensive, risky path of clinical trials through the Food and Drug Administration. If successful, their game would be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time those three letters were uttered in a group setting everyone’s like, ‘Oooh, that’s scary, do we want to do that?’” recalls Omernick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If start-ups sidestep the FDA and sell directly to consumers, they can bring a game to market in six months. For Akili, it will take four years to get their game, Project Evo, through the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the start-up believes that will pay off. If the FDA gives its stamp of approval, doctors could prescribe the game. And that opens the door for insurance companies to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1263 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-800x600.png\" alt=\"Screen shot from the frozen world of Project: Evo. The game could be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA. (Courtesy Akili)\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-800x600.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-400x300.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-768x576.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-320x240.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1.png 1003w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The frozen world of Project: Evo. The game could be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA. (Courtesy Akili) \u003ccite>(Akili )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There will definitely come a time when games are part of the overall treatment plan,” says Willis Gee, Director of IT Strategy and Innovation at Cigna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health reform and the technology revolution have changed the competitive landscape for health insurance companies. Gee says they have to be more responsive to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tell us what they want,” he says, “and if we can’t satisfy that, they’ll go somewhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what consumers want are games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gee says Cigna believes the explosive popularity in games could be harnessed to educate patients about medical issues and motive them to be more proactive about their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think of an individual’s willingness to play Candy Crush or Angry Birds, they’re willing to do that,” he says. “It’s a very different approach, but it’s one that integrates into the lifestyle of individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We had to look at ourselves and ask, okay are we really going to try to change medicine?”\u003ccite> Matt Omernick, Akili \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Omernick and his team believe the clinical results of Project Evo could have a profound effect on the health care system. They’re hoping the trials show that the game is so effective at improving attention span and other cognitive skills, that it may reduce, or even replace, the pills that kids need to take for ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to look at ourselves and ask, okay are we really going to try to change medicine, yes or no. And the answer was yes,” Omernick says. “And so you have to be as serious as you can about FDA approval and regulation across the board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmaceutical companies are also keeping a close eye on the process. Pfizer is partnering with Akili on one of its clinical trials looking at Alzheimers diagnosis. Though the FDA approval process is grueling by gaming industry standards, it's a cakewalk compared to the time biotech companies invest in drug development. It takes most drugs ten years to get through the FDA process and could cost half a billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it could fail at the last step,” says Adam Gazzaley, a neuroscientist at the University of California-San Francisco and the creator of the prototype that became Project Evo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley says he is cautiously optimistic about how Project Evo will fare in FDA clinical trials. \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/monitor/2014/02/video-game.aspx\">Research on other video games\u003c/a> for health has yielded mixed results – and inspired much internal debate among scientists. Some say the only thing these games make you better at is the game itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley’s research is seen as an exception in scientific communities. He tested his prototype of Project Evo on older adults and found that they showed measurable improvement on standard cognitive tests for working memory and focus – and the effects lasted six months after they stopped playing the game. That research was published in \u003ca href=\"http://gazzaleylab.ucsf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Anguera_Nature_2013-Video-game-training-enhances-cognitive-control-in-older-adults.pdf\">Nature in 2013\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinical trials that Project Evo has undertaken to support its FDA application will determine if those results can be replicated for different age groups and to treat specific cognitive conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trials will also investigate if there are negative side effects of the game. It’s another concern raised by critics, that people sometimes get so hooked on games, they can’t stop playing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s true,” Gazzaley says. “We built these games to be highly engaging and immersive and some people respond to that type of interactivity with an addictive response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley says the scientists working on Project Evo are looking at ways to manage such negative side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The game locks out after a certain period of time. You play it for 20 minutes, and you can’t play it for another 24 hours,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley is watching closely to see what happens with the clinical trials for Project Evo. If it is approved by the FDA, he has another four games in development that he hopes will be next.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Neuroscientists hope their video game will be the first approved by the FDA","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1428339555,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1195},"headData":{"title":"Play This Video Game and Call Me in the Morning | KQED","description":"Neuroscientists hope their video game will be the first approved by the FDA","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"1254 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=1254","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/04/06/play-this-video-game-and-call-me-in-the-morning/","disqusTitle":"Play This Video Game and Call Me in the Morning","path":"/futureofyou/1254/play-this-video-game-and-call-me-in-the-morning","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150406science.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150406science.mp3\u003cbr>\nI’m driving through a frozen world, where the roads are paved in ice. As I swerve left to avoid a mini iceberg, a red fish flashes at the top of my screen. I’m supposed to tap all the red fish that pop up, but not the green fish or the blue birds. And I have to do this without crashing the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doing one thing at a time is easy, but doing them both at the same time is where the magic happens!” says the omnipresent gamemeister– an unidentifiable animal with an unidentifiable accent wearing a white doctor’s coat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The better I do at tagging the red fish and ignoring the green ones, the more excited the doctor on screen gets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A-mazing!” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I get better at the game, my brain is being trained to ignore distractions and stay focused in real life. Or at least that’s the hypothesis of the neuroscientists who designed the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brain network that controls multitasking connects with networks that control memory and attention span. So by playing the game, some \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/03/06/new-ucsf-lab-studies-how-video-games-affect-our-brains/\">scientists believe\u003c/a> you can improve cognitive skills, and by extension, relieve a range of symptoms associated with attention deficit disorder, and other conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“There will definitely come a time when games are part of the overall treatment plan,” \u003ccite>Willis Gee, Cigna \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been through eight or nine completed clinical trials, in all cognitive disorders: ADHD, autism, depression,” says Matt Omernick, the executive creative director at Akili, the start-up in Larkspur that is developing the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As consumers download \u003ca href=\"http://gamesforhealth.org/\">mobile health games\u003c/a> at booming rates, Omernick and his team are taking a very different approach to their Silicon Valley counterparts in bringing their game to market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most start-ups have opted to market and sell their mobile weight loss games and diabetes trackers directly to consumers, Akili has decided to pursue the long, expensive, risky path of clinical trials through the Food and Drug Administration. If successful, their game would be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time those three letters were uttered in a group setting everyone’s like, ‘Oooh, that’s scary, do we want to do that?’” recalls Omernick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If start-ups sidestep the FDA and sell directly to consumers, they can bring a game to market in six months. For Akili, it will take four years to get their game, Project Evo, through the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the start-up believes that will pay off. If the FDA gives its stamp of approval, doctors could prescribe the game. And that opens the door for insurance companies to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1263 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-800x600.png\" alt=\"Screen shot from the frozen world of Project: Evo. The game could be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA. (Courtesy Akili)\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-800x600.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-400x300.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-768x576.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-320x240.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1.png 1003w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The frozen world of Project: Evo. The game could be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA. (Courtesy Akili) \u003ccite>(Akili )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There will definitely come a time when games are part of the overall treatment plan,” says Willis Gee, Director of IT Strategy and Innovation at Cigna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health reform and the technology revolution have changed the competitive landscape for health insurance companies. Gee says they have to be more responsive to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tell us what they want,” he says, “and if we can’t satisfy that, they’ll go somewhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what consumers want are games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gee says Cigna believes the explosive popularity in games could be harnessed to educate patients about medical issues and motive them to be more proactive about their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think of an individual’s willingness to play Candy Crush or Angry Birds, they’re willing to do that,” he says. “It’s a very different approach, but it’s one that integrates into the lifestyle of individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We had to look at ourselves and ask, okay are we really going to try to change medicine?”\u003ccite> Matt Omernick, Akili \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Omernick and his team believe the clinical results of Project Evo could have a profound effect on the health care system. They’re hoping the trials show that the game is so effective at improving attention span and other cognitive skills, that it may reduce, or even replace, the pills that kids need to take for ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to look at ourselves and ask, okay are we really going to try to change medicine, yes or no. And the answer was yes,” Omernick says. “And so you have to be as serious as you can about FDA approval and regulation across the board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmaceutical companies are also keeping a close eye on the process. Pfizer is partnering with Akili on one of its clinical trials looking at Alzheimers diagnosis. Though the FDA approval process is grueling by gaming industry standards, it's a cakewalk compared to the time biotech companies invest in drug development. It takes most drugs ten years to get through the FDA process and could cost half a billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it could fail at the last step,” says Adam Gazzaley, a neuroscientist at the University of California-San Francisco and the creator of the prototype that became Project Evo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley says he is cautiously optimistic about how Project Evo will fare in FDA clinical trials. \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/monitor/2014/02/video-game.aspx\">Research on other video games\u003c/a> for health has yielded mixed results – and inspired much internal debate among scientists. Some say the only thing these games make you better at is the game itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley’s research is seen as an exception in scientific communities. He tested his prototype of Project Evo on older adults and found that they showed measurable improvement on standard cognitive tests for working memory and focus – and the effects lasted six months after they stopped playing the game. That research was published in \u003ca href=\"http://gazzaleylab.ucsf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Anguera_Nature_2013-Video-game-training-enhances-cognitive-control-in-older-adults.pdf\">Nature in 2013\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinical trials that Project Evo has undertaken to support its FDA application will determine if those results can be replicated for different age groups and to treat specific cognitive conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trials will also investigate if there are negative side effects of the game. It’s another concern raised by critics, that people sometimes get so hooked on games, they can’t stop playing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s true,” Gazzaley says. “We built these games to be highly engaging and immersive and some people respond to that type of interactivity with an addictive response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley says the scientists working on Project Evo are looking at ways to manage such negative side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The game locks out after a certain period of time. You play it for 20 minutes, and you can’t play it for another 24 hours,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley is watching closely to see what happens with the clinical trials for Project Evo. If it is approved by the FDA, he has another four games in development that he hopes will be next.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/1254/play-this-video-game-and-call-me-in-the-morning","authors":["3205"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_161","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_162","futureofyou_163"],"featImg":"futureofyou_1264","label":"futureofyou"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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