Smartphones, Vinegar and the Future of Cervical Cancer Screening
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She has a B.A. from Cornell University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/acf522116cc10f32fb9bc84af7f1ea28?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Rebecca Grant | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/acf522116cc10f32fb9bc84af7f1ea28?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/acf522116cc10f32fb9bc84af7f1ea28?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/rgrant"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"futureofyou_1819":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_1819","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"1819","score":null,"sort":[1430156452000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"smartphones-vinegar-and-the-future-of-cervical-cancer-screening","title":"Smartphones, Vinegar and the Future of Cervical Cancer Screening","publishDate":1430156452,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Women’s Health | Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":54,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>100 years ago, cervical cancer reigned as the leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then,\u003ca href=\"http://weill.cornell.edu/archives/blog/2011/06/george-papanicolaou-development-of-the-pap-smear.html\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\"> a doctor at Cornell University\u003c/span>\u003c/a> began conducting studies on the sex cycle of guinea pigs and in 1915 realized that a similar “smear” technique could be applied to the study of human vaginal cells. A few decades of disinterest and skepticism later, the Pap smear became the standard cancer screening test for women. Today, \u003ca href=\"http://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/viewfactsheet.aspx?csid=76\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">the cervical cancer death rate has plunged by more than 50 percent and ranks 14th in frequency in the United States.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is far from the case in developing countries, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.womendeliver.org/assets/CervicalCancer_final.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">cervical cancer is the most common cancer\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/cervical-cancer-statistics\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">Over 85 percent of cervical cancer cases occur\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in the developing world and these staggering rates are largely due to the lack of screening. Pap smears are rare and less than five percent of women receive any cervical cancer screening at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, new research and innovations in cervical cancer screening are helping to increase its breadth and frequency in many of the world’s poorest countries. Moreover, these new approaches are actually more accurate, convenient, and cost-effective than the traditional Pap smear, not to mention less unpleasant. They let doctors and their patients bypass the Pap smear altogether, while the Pap smear’s dominance in the U.S. remains strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Place for the Pap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many women may be surprised to learn that the Pap smear only detects cancer about half of the time but repeating the test on a regular basis increases the chances of finding cancer since the disease is slow to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repeating the test regularly is often not an option in developing countries where a number of barriers -- time, money, distance, transportation, children, agricultural cycles, social stigmas -- prevent women from visiting health clinics. Paps also take a hefty amount of resources to administer and read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Pap test is hard to implement in low resource settings because it requires expensive machines, labs, and trained technicians, as well as for women to make the trips to clinics,” said Dr. José Jerónimo, the senior adviser for women’s cancers in a reproductive health program called \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/our-work/reproductive-health.php\">PATH\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/\">PATH\u003c/a> is an international nonprofit dedicated to accelerating health innovation in the developing world. The organization has a number of initiatives aimed at making cervical cancer screening and prevention more prevalent in under-resourced areas. A key part of its approach is a low-tech effort called “VIA”, which stands for visual inspection with acetic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 446px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-2125\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"Many new technologies are deployed first in developing countries \" width=\"446\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-400x225.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-320x180.jpeg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many new technologies are deployed first in developing countries \u003ccite>(TeamLiveLonger )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This method involves swabbing the cervix with a 3 to 5 percent vinegar solution during a speculum exam, waiting for one minute, and then observing the cervix to see if white areas appear. In addition to being inexpensive and easy to administer, VIA also provides immediate results. It allows a patient to immediately receive guidance on next steps if the test is positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, like the Pap, the vinegar technique only identifies 50 to 60 percent of precancerous cases, which is why PATH helped develop \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/news/press-room/147/\">a new molecular test called careHPV\u003c/a> that was developed and field tested for use in low-resource settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CareHPV can detect DNA from 14 cancer-causing types of HPV in 2.5 hours without extensive lab facilities, using an affordable machine the size of a toaster oven that runs on electricity or a battery. Women can collect their own samples using a small brush, without the need for a pelvic exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This approach is ideal for environments where health care resources are limited and testing is often administered by community health workers who visit people’s homes, as well as in places where stigmas against pelvic exams persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jerónimo said that simply by allowing women to collect the sample themselves, coverage increases by 4 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2124\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 443px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-2124\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"A group of medical students learn how to send images \" width=\"443\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-400x266.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-1180x786.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-320x213.jpeg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of medical students learn how to send images \u003ccite>(TeamLiveLonger )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Texting, Calling, and Cervical Cancer Screening\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mobileodt.com/\">MobileODT\u003c/a> is a startup that makes a mobile colposcope, a long-range, Internet-connected magnifying glass that plugs into smartphones. The device provides a high-resolution image of cervical tissue, which can then be securely transmitted for diagnostics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Skip to the bottom to a video of how a mobile colposcope works.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are very few labs or specialists in developing countries who are able to correctly assess cervical cancer at its early stages,” said MobileODT chief executive and cofounder Ariel Beery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we seek to do is enable those same health workers who are already in the field to use a tool they use everyday — a mobile phone — to better visualize the cervix and collaborate with experts to process those images with greater accuracy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advanced prototype of the mobile colposcope is currently being piloted in Kenya, Haiti, Mexico, Botswana and the U.S.. The startup ultimately hopes to use the data it collects to develop algorithms that are able to assess the risk of cervical cancer at any stage of the viruses’ development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/teamlivelonger-battling-cervical-cancer-in-haiti\">TeamLiveLonger\u003c/a> is another startup leveraging smartphone technology to combat cervical cancer, although its goal is to increase the feasibility of Pap smears, rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founder Lou Auguste is of Haitian descent and worked as a first responder after the 2010 earthquake. There, he learned that Haitian women have the highest rate of mortality from cervical cancer in the world, with 54 per 100,000 women dying from the disease each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most women in Haiti have never been tested for cervical cancer or they don’t catch it before it is too late,” Auguste said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doctors know how to perform pap smears but we realized there were only 5 pathologists in the whole country, so we needed to figure out a system for sending slides for consultations abroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TeamLiveLonger developed an adaptor that connects a smartphone to a microscope to acquire images of slides. Its mobile technology then stitches the images together to produce a whole slide and securely transfers the images via a service called BitTorrent Sync (which enables the app to transfer large files over bad Internet connections) to a pathologist in the U.S. for analysis and diagnosis. TeamLiveLonger also built an electronic health record for mobile devices that makes it easy for health workers to keep cases updated and know when people come back to the clinic to receive results or treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pap smear may not be the best method of screening for cervical cancer but it does hold the dubious distinction of being the most prevalent one. Innovation after innovation has emerged in this space over the past 20 years but their adoption is much faster in the developing world without the entrenched legacy of the Pap smear to overcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While women in Haiti, India, Nicaragua and Uganda get screened for cervical cancer with a brush and a mobile phone, it looks like women in the U.S. will have to endure the speculum for the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm5ogJT-M9k]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Already dreading your next Pap smear? New medical screening tools offer a more affordable, less invasive alternative and women in the developing world are among the first to try them.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1430164393,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1207},"headData":{"title":"Smartphones, Vinegar and the Future of Cervical Cancer Screening | KQED","description":"Already dreading your next Pap smear? New medical screening tools offer a more affordable, less invasive alternative and women in the developing world are among the first to try them.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Smartphones, Vinegar and the Future of Cervical Cancer Screening","datePublished":"2015-04-27T17:40:52.000Z","dateModified":"2015-04-27T19:53:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"1819 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=1819","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/04/27/smartphones-vinegar-and-the-future-of-cervical-cancer-screening/","disqusTitle":"Smartphones, Vinegar and the Future of Cervical Cancer Screening","path":"/futureofyou/1819/smartphones-vinegar-and-the-future-of-cervical-cancer-screening","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>100 years ago, cervical cancer reigned as the leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then,\u003ca href=\"http://weill.cornell.edu/archives/blog/2011/06/george-papanicolaou-development-of-the-pap-smear.html\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\"> a doctor at Cornell University\u003c/span>\u003c/a> began conducting studies on the sex cycle of guinea pigs and in 1915 realized that a similar “smear” technique could be applied to the study of human vaginal cells. A few decades of disinterest and skepticism later, the Pap smear became the standard cancer screening test for women. Today, \u003ca href=\"http://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/viewfactsheet.aspx?csid=76\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">the cervical cancer death rate has plunged by more than 50 percent and ranks 14th in frequency in the United States.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is far from the case in developing countries, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.womendeliver.org/assets/CervicalCancer_final.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">cervical cancer is the most common cancer\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/cervical-cancer-statistics\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">Over 85 percent of cervical cancer cases occur\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in the developing world and these staggering rates are largely due to the lack of screening. Pap smears are rare and less than five percent of women receive any cervical cancer screening at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, new research and innovations in cervical cancer screening are helping to increase its breadth and frequency in many of the world’s poorest countries. Moreover, these new approaches are actually more accurate, convenient, and cost-effective than the traditional Pap smear, not to mention less unpleasant. They let doctors and their patients bypass the Pap smear altogether, while the Pap smear’s dominance in the U.S. remains strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Place for the Pap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many women may be surprised to learn that the Pap smear only detects cancer about half of the time but repeating the test on a regular basis increases the chances of finding cancer since the disease is slow to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repeating the test regularly is often not an option in developing countries where a number of barriers -- time, money, distance, transportation, children, agricultural cycles, social stigmas -- prevent women from visiting health clinics. Paps also take a hefty amount of resources to administer and read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Pap test is hard to implement in low resource settings because it requires expensive machines, labs, and trained technicians, as well as for women to make the trips to clinics,” said Dr. José Jerónimo, the senior adviser for women’s cancers in a reproductive health program called \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/our-work/reproductive-health.php\">PATH\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/\">PATH\u003c/a> is an international nonprofit dedicated to accelerating health innovation in the developing world. The organization has a number of initiatives aimed at making cervical cancer screening and prevention more prevalent in under-resourced areas. A key part of its approach is a low-tech effort called “VIA”, which stands for visual inspection with acetic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 446px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-2125\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"Many new technologies are deployed first in developing countries \" width=\"446\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-400x225.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-320x180.jpeg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many new technologies are deployed first in developing countries \u003ccite>(TeamLiveLonger )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This method involves swabbing the cervix with a 3 to 5 percent vinegar solution during a speculum exam, waiting for one minute, and then observing the cervix to see if white areas appear. In addition to being inexpensive and easy to administer, VIA also provides immediate results. It allows a patient to immediately receive guidance on next steps if the test is positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, like the Pap, the vinegar technique only identifies 50 to 60 percent of precancerous cases, which is why PATH helped develop \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/news/press-room/147/\">a new molecular test called careHPV\u003c/a> that was developed and field tested for use in low-resource settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CareHPV can detect DNA from 14 cancer-causing types of HPV in 2.5 hours without extensive lab facilities, using an affordable machine the size of a toaster oven that runs on electricity or a battery. Women can collect their own samples using a small brush, without the need for a pelvic exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This approach is ideal for environments where health care resources are limited and testing is often administered by community health workers who visit people’s homes, as well as in places where stigmas against pelvic exams persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jerónimo said that simply by allowing women to collect the sample themselves, coverage increases by 4 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2124\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 443px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-2124\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"A group of medical students learn how to send images \" width=\"443\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-400x266.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-1180x786.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-320x213.jpeg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of medical students learn how to send images \u003ccite>(TeamLiveLonger )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Texting, Calling, and Cervical Cancer Screening\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mobileodt.com/\">MobileODT\u003c/a> is a startup that makes a mobile colposcope, a long-range, Internet-connected magnifying glass that plugs into smartphones. The device provides a high-resolution image of cervical tissue, which can then be securely transmitted for diagnostics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Skip to the bottom to a video of how a mobile colposcope works.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are very few labs or specialists in developing countries who are able to correctly assess cervical cancer at its early stages,” said MobileODT chief executive and cofounder Ariel Beery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we seek to do is enable those same health workers who are already in the field to use a tool they use everyday — a mobile phone — to better visualize the cervix and collaborate with experts to process those images with greater accuracy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advanced prototype of the mobile colposcope is currently being piloted in Kenya, Haiti, Mexico, Botswana and the U.S.. The startup ultimately hopes to use the data it collects to develop algorithms that are able to assess the risk of cervical cancer at any stage of the viruses’ development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/teamlivelonger-battling-cervical-cancer-in-haiti\">TeamLiveLonger\u003c/a> is another startup leveraging smartphone technology to combat cervical cancer, although its goal is to increase the feasibility of Pap smears, rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founder Lou Auguste is of Haitian descent and worked as a first responder after the 2010 earthquake. There, he learned that Haitian women have the highest rate of mortality from cervical cancer in the world, with 54 per 100,000 women dying from the disease each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most women in Haiti have never been tested for cervical cancer or they don’t catch it before it is too late,” Auguste said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doctors know how to perform pap smears but we realized there were only 5 pathologists in the whole country, so we needed to figure out a system for sending slides for consultations abroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TeamLiveLonger developed an adaptor that connects a smartphone to a microscope to acquire images of slides. Its mobile technology then stitches the images together to produce a whole slide and securely transfers the images via a service called BitTorrent Sync (which enables the app to transfer large files over bad Internet connections) to a pathologist in the U.S. for analysis and diagnosis. TeamLiveLonger also built an electronic health record for mobile devices that makes it easy for health workers to keep cases updated and know when people come back to the clinic to receive results or treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pap smear may not be the best method of screening for cervical cancer but it does hold the dubious distinction of being the most prevalent one. Innovation after innovation has emerged in this space over the past 20 years but their adoption is much faster in the developing world without the entrenched legacy of the Pap smear to overcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While women in Haiti, India, Nicaragua and Uganda get screened for cervical cancer with a brush and a mobile phone, it looks like women in the U.S. will have to endure the speculum for the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Mm5ogJT-M9k'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Mm5ogJT-M9k'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/1819/smartphones-vinegar-and-the-future-of-cervical-cancer-screening","authors":["6620"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"series":["futureofyou_219"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_213","futureofyou_34","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_173","futureofyou_214","futureofyou_216","futureofyou_218","futureofyou_217","futureofyou_215"],"featImg":"futureofyou_2081","label":"futureofyou_54"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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