A New Way to Avoid Jet Lag: Sleep With Flashing Lights
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of health.'\u003ccite>LumosTech CEO Vanessa Burns\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Stanford behavioral scientist Jamie Zeitzer says his team has figured out how to stave off the annoying travel fatigue with flashing lights during sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeitzer, whose study appears in the \u003ci>\u003ca href=\"http://www.jci.org/articles/view/82306\" target=\"_blank\">Journal of Clinical Investigation\u003c/a> \u003c/i>this week, found that short flashes of 2 miliseconds each, delivered 10 seconds apart for two hours the day before a trip can help the change circadian rhythms, which act as the body's internal clock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That bio-clock is based on a 24-hour cycle and takes cues from the outside world, like the sunrise. It's the reason you often feel tired at night and why you can wake up at the same time everyday without an alarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeitzer and his team exposed study participants to flashing light while they were asleep, using a xenon flash bulb in a Ganzfeld dome. Zeitzer says to think of the dome as \"a giant ping pong ball that you put your head into. Wherever you look inside this 'ping pong ball,' the light is the same in terms of intensity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_110854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-110854\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/Zeitzer.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford University assistant professor Jamie Zeitzer sets up a flashing light in his lab. His research shows that exposure to short flashes of light during sleep can help prevent jet lag. \" width=\"620\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/Zeitzer.jpg 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/Zeitzer-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford University assistant professor Jamie Zeitzer sets up a flashing light in his lab. His research shows that exposure to short flashes of light during sleep can help prevent jet lag. \u003ccite>(Norbert von der Groeben)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even though their eyes were closed, participants still had light pass through their eyelids, which interacted with the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brain perceives the light, which essentially \"tricks the brain into thinking the sun is still up,\" Zeitzer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The light is administered at night because the body's circadian clock is the most sensitive at night during sleep. Zeitzer says the timing of the treatment is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the light starts flashing right after you go to bed, the body thinks the day is longer than it is. Those flashing lights are perceived as daylight and thus the body perceives an extended day. Which is what you want if you're traveling from, say, New York to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you're traveling back to New York, you'd want to administer the light during the last few hours you're sleeping so the brain perceives an early sunrise.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because sticking your head inside a high-tech 'ping pong ball' isn't practical for most of us, some of Zeitzer's students have started a company to bring light therapy to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_110816\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1232px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-110816\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"More than 100 people have beta tested LumosTech's flashing light mask and CEO Vanessa Burns says it'll be commercially available late this summer.\" width=\"1232\" height=\"622\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg.jpg 1232w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg-400x202.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg-800x404.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg-768x388.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg-1180x596.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg-960x485.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1232px) 100vw, 1232px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Palo Alto's LumosTech says more than 100 people have beta-tested its flashing light mask and CEO Vanessa Burns says it'll be commercially available late this summer. \u003ccite>(LumosTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto-based \u003ca href=\"http://lumostech.co/\">LumosTech\u003c/a> has created an eye mask that has flashing internal lights and is controlled by data entered into a smartphone app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the app, you enter your gender, age, bedtime and whether you're a night owl or an early bird. Then the app tells LED lights in the mask when to start flashing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s been a growing interest in sleep with the rise of sleep tracking apps,\" says CEO Vanessa Burns. \"People are becoming more aware that sleep is one of the pillars of health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitful sleep isn't just a problem for travelers, it also affects shift workers, teenagers and astronauts. LumosTech has a contract with the NASA-funded \u003ca href=\"http://www.nsbri.org/\">National Space Biomedical Research Institute\u003c/a> to provide eye masks for astronauts to test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_110851\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-110851\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/LumosTech-1.jpg\" alt=\"Commander Ken Bowersox (left) tries on a LumosTech mask at NSBRI headquarters in Houston.\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Commander Ken Bowersox (left) tries on a LumosTech mask at NSBRI headquarters in Houston. \u003ccite>(NSBRI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They were very excited about the potential use,” says Burns. “Astronauts experience multiple sunrises over the course of 24 hours and frequently need assistance to optimize their sleep cycles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the summer, masks will also be available for Earthbound travelers. The final price is yet to be determined but the company is currently taking pre-orders at $175. The last time we checked, a strong cup of espresso was still cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Lag-busting \"flashy things\" based on Stanford research will be hitting store shelves soon.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1455304624,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":725},"headData":{"title":"A New Way to Avoid Jet Lag: Sleep With Flashing Lights | KQED","description":"Lag-busting "flashy things" based on Stanford research will be hitting store shelves soon.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A New Way to Avoid Jet Lag: Sleep With Flashing Lights","datePublished":"2016-02-12T19:17:04.000Z","dateModified":"2016-02-12T19:17:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"110216 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=110216","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/12/a-new-way-to-avoid-jet-lag-sleep-with-flashing-lights/","disqusTitle":"A New Way to Avoid Jet Lag: Sleep With Flashing Lights","path":"/futureofyou/110216/a-new-way-to-avoid-jet-lag-sleep-with-flashing-lights","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the sci-fi romp, Men in Black, top-secret agents used what Will Smith called a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnEWvBsRjBo\">flashy-thing\u003c/a>\" to erase memories of trespassing space aliens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While that \"neuralyzer\" technology was strictly fictional (as far as we've been told), real men and women in white have come up with a flashy-thing to erase jet lag.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'People are becoming more aware that sleep is one of the pillars of health.'\u003ccite>LumosTech CEO Vanessa Burns\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Stanford behavioral scientist Jamie Zeitzer says his team has figured out how to stave off the annoying travel fatigue with flashing lights during sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeitzer, whose study appears in the \u003ci>\u003ca href=\"http://www.jci.org/articles/view/82306\" target=\"_blank\">Journal of Clinical Investigation\u003c/a> \u003c/i>this week, found that short flashes of 2 miliseconds each, delivered 10 seconds apart for two hours the day before a trip can help the change circadian rhythms, which act as the body's internal clock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That bio-clock is based on a 24-hour cycle and takes cues from the outside world, like the sunrise. It's the reason you often feel tired at night and why you can wake up at the same time everyday without an alarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeitzer and his team exposed study participants to flashing light while they were asleep, using a xenon flash bulb in a Ganzfeld dome. Zeitzer says to think of the dome as \"a giant ping pong ball that you put your head into. Wherever you look inside this 'ping pong ball,' the light is the same in terms of intensity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_110854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-110854\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/Zeitzer.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford University assistant professor Jamie Zeitzer sets up a flashing light in his lab. His research shows that exposure to short flashes of light during sleep can help prevent jet lag. \" width=\"620\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/Zeitzer.jpg 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/Zeitzer-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford University assistant professor Jamie Zeitzer sets up a flashing light in his lab. His research shows that exposure to short flashes of light during sleep can help prevent jet lag. \u003ccite>(Norbert von der Groeben)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even though their eyes were closed, participants still had light pass through their eyelids, which interacted with the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brain perceives the light, which essentially \"tricks the brain into thinking the sun is still up,\" Zeitzer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The light is administered at night because the body's circadian clock is the most sensitive at night during sleep. Zeitzer says the timing of the treatment is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the light starts flashing right after you go to bed, the body thinks the day is longer than it is. Those flashing lights are perceived as daylight and thus the body perceives an extended day. Which is what you want if you're traveling from, say, New York to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you're traveling back to New York, you'd want to administer the light during the last few hours you're sleeping so the brain perceives an early sunrise.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because sticking your head inside a high-tech 'ping pong ball' isn't practical for most of us, some of Zeitzer's students have started a company to bring light therapy to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_110816\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1232px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-110816\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"More than 100 people have beta tested LumosTech's flashing light mask and CEO Vanessa Burns says it'll be commercially available late this summer.\" width=\"1232\" height=\"622\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg.jpg 1232w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg-400x202.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg-800x404.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg-768x388.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg-1180x596.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/lumostech_jpeg-960x485.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1232px) 100vw, 1232px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Palo Alto's LumosTech says more than 100 people have beta-tested its flashing light mask and CEO Vanessa Burns says it'll be commercially available late this summer. \u003ccite>(LumosTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto-based \u003ca href=\"http://lumostech.co/\">LumosTech\u003c/a> has created an eye mask that has flashing internal lights and is controlled by data entered into a smartphone app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the app, you enter your gender, age, bedtime and whether you're a night owl or an early bird. Then the app tells LED lights in the mask when to start flashing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s been a growing interest in sleep with the rise of sleep tracking apps,\" says CEO Vanessa Burns. \"People are becoming more aware that sleep is one of the pillars of health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitful sleep isn't just a problem for travelers, it also affects shift workers, teenagers and astronauts. LumosTech has a contract with the NASA-funded \u003ca href=\"http://www.nsbri.org/\">National Space Biomedical Research Institute\u003c/a> to provide eye masks for astronauts to test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_110851\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-110851\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/LumosTech-1.jpg\" alt=\"Commander Ken Bowersox (left) tries on a LumosTech mask at NSBRI headquarters in Houston.\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Commander Ken Bowersox (left) tries on a LumosTech mask at NSBRI headquarters in Houston. \u003ccite>(NSBRI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They were very excited about the potential use,” says Burns. “Astronauts experience multiple sunrises over the course of 24 hours and frequently need assistance to optimize their sleep cycles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the summer, masks will also be available for Earthbound travelers. The final price is yet to be determined but the company is currently taking pre-orders at $175. The last time we checked, a strong cup of espresso was still cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/110216/a-new-way-to-avoid-jet-lag-sleep-with-flashing-lights","authors":["5432"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_763","futureofyou_764","futureofyou_180","futureofyou_732"],"featImg":"futureofyou_110849","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_104547":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_104547","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"104547","score":null,"sort":[1454342407000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanford-develops-fast-affordable-genetic-test-for-newborns","title":"New Low-Cost Test For Cystic Fibrosis","publishDate":1454342407,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":54,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>The bad news came on Kirsten McGowan's birthday. She was pregnant with her first child Patrick, and discovered she was a carrier for cystic fibrosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A child can only inherit the disease if both parents are carriers, and McGowan's husband also tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It hit us out of the blue,\" McGowan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The genetic disease causes mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system. Digestive enzymes are blocked, which inhibits the absorption of food nutrients. It's a chronic illness that can't be cured, but can be treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Patrick was born with the illness, doctors put him on a diet high in protein, fat and salt so he'd maintain a healthy weight. And they outlined a daily breathing regime of two to three hours to prevent mucus build-up in his lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-104549\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/cystic-fibrosis-image.jpg\" alt=\"cystic fibrosis image\" width=\"336\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/cystic-fibrosis-image.jpg 493w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/cystic-fibrosis-image-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\">Mucus builds up because CF makes it more thick and viscous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CF gene controls the movement of chloride ions in and out of cells, which regulates the salt and water balances in the lungs and pancreas. Mutations in this gene rob mucus of water and it builds up in the lungs it can inhibit breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McGowan says detecting the illness early in Patrick meant he could get treatment right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Getting a diagnosis early is key,\" says McGowan. \"Knowing sooner helps you process that emotion--to be angry, to be sad--and then say, 'OK, now h\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ow do I help my son or daughter stay healthy.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CF is the most common fatal genetic disease in the United States. It takes just two CF gene mutation to cause cystic fibrosis and more than 2,000 changes are known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Rapid and Affordable New Test\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty different genetic mutations account for most types of cystic fibrosis in California. The state tests for these common mutations but there are more than 2,000 possible changes, and more are discovered each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Current tests are not comprehensive,\" says Stanford geneticist Curt Scharfe. \u003c/span>\"They can miss newborns with two rare mutations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scharfe compares the CF gene mutations to typos in a novel. But imagine a really big novel, like \"War and Peace,\" with really unusual typos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Imagine changes in a letter in a word somewhere in a book,\" says Scharfe. \"It doesn't help if you read one page very well, you need to read all these pages--or genetic changes--well. We're talking about rare typos and they happen once, not many times.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the state has a tiered testing method for CF; it\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>tests once for common mutations and send all positive results to Stanford for further testing. Stanford does about 9,000 tests a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at Stanford have figured out how to do \u003ca href=\"http://jmd.amjpathol.org/article/S1525-1578(15)00275-5/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">one test for CF \u003c/a>using genome sequencing. The scientists were able to sequence the entire CF gene which means they can spot any and all abnormalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_104686\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-104686\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing-800x443.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford researchers were able to take enough DNA from dried blood spots to test newborns for cystic fibrosis.\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing-800x443.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing-400x221.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing-768x425.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing-960x532.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing-672x372.jpg 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford researchers were able to take enough DNA from dried blood to sequence the CF gene for cystic fibrosis. \u003ccite>(Eric T. Sheler/US Air Force)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At birth, all infants get a heel pin-prick to test their blood for a range of diseases. Stanford researchers used blood from the test to map\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the CF gene. Now when they test babies, the results show whether or not a baby has a mutation on that gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other benefit of Stanford's new test is that researchers can sequence DNA from nearly 100 babies at once in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.illumina.com/systems/miseq.html\">Illumina genome sequencing machine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process takes only a few days and Scharfe hopes eventually it will only take a few hours. Current tests take longer than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the process sequences the entire CF genome it won't miss mutations, even if they are extremely rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Future for Stanford's CF Test\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford's new test is about one-fifth the cost of current CF tests. That's partially because genome sequencing has become much less expensive. Analyzing the CF gene is possible in a way that it wasn't fifty years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_105112\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-105112\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/IMG_7115-338x600.png\" alt=\"At age six, Patrick McGowan is extremely active and shows few outward signs of cystic fibrosis.\" width=\"338\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At age six, Patrick McGowan is extremely active and shows few outward signs of cystic fibrosis. \u003ccite>(Kirsten McGowan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So Scharfe hopes that, eventually, the test will be used throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California has the most comprehensive cystic fibrosis testing program and it would be very beneficial to have this new test available in many states.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before California's statewide newborn screening program started in 1966, many kids with genetic disorders would go undiagnosed and symptoms would show up later.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBut this hasn't been a problem for Kirsten's son Patrick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Outwardly he looks like any other kid walking down the sidewalk,\" says McGowan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said early detection of genetic diseases is crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sooner you get that news, the sooner you stop thinking ‘what if’. And then can get to that good place of living with the disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Stanford University has developed a low-cost diagnostic tool for cystic fibrosis.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1476936903,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":858},"headData":{"title":"New Low-Cost Test For Cystic Fibrosis | KQED","description":"Stanford University has developed a low-cost diagnostic tool for cystic fibrosis.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"New Low-Cost Test For Cystic Fibrosis","datePublished":"2016-02-01T16:00:07.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-20T04:15:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"104547 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=104547","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/01/stanford-develops-fast-affordable-genetic-test-for-newborns/","disqusTitle":"New Low-Cost Test For Cystic Fibrosis","path":"/futureofyou/104547/stanford-develops-fast-affordable-genetic-test-for-newborns","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The bad news came on Kirsten McGowan's birthday. She was pregnant with her first child Patrick, and discovered she was a carrier for cystic fibrosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A child can only inherit the disease if both parents are carriers, and McGowan's husband also tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It hit us out of the blue,\" McGowan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The genetic disease causes mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system. Digestive enzymes are blocked, which inhibits the absorption of food nutrients. It's a chronic illness that can't be cured, but can be treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Patrick was born with the illness, doctors put him on a diet high in protein, fat and salt so he'd maintain a healthy weight. And they outlined a daily breathing regime of two to three hours to prevent mucus build-up in his lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-104549\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/cystic-fibrosis-image.jpg\" alt=\"cystic fibrosis image\" width=\"336\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/cystic-fibrosis-image.jpg 493w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/cystic-fibrosis-image-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\">Mucus builds up because CF makes it more thick and viscous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CF gene controls the movement of chloride ions in and out of cells, which regulates the salt and water balances in the lungs and pancreas. Mutations in this gene rob mucus of water and it builds up in the lungs it can inhibit breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McGowan says detecting the illness early in Patrick meant he could get treatment right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Getting a diagnosis early is key,\" says McGowan. \"Knowing sooner helps you process that emotion--to be angry, to be sad--and then say, 'OK, now h\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ow do I help my son or daughter stay healthy.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CF is the most common fatal genetic disease in the United States. It takes just two CF gene mutation to cause cystic fibrosis and more than 2,000 changes are known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Rapid and Affordable New Test\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty different genetic mutations account for most types of cystic fibrosis in California. The state tests for these common mutations but there are more than 2,000 possible changes, and more are discovered each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Current tests are not comprehensive,\" says Stanford geneticist Curt Scharfe. \u003c/span>\"They can miss newborns with two rare mutations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scharfe compares the CF gene mutations to typos in a novel. But imagine a really big novel, like \"War and Peace,\" with really unusual typos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Imagine changes in a letter in a word somewhere in a book,\" says Scharfe. \"It doesn't help if you read one page very well, you need to read all these pages--or genetic changes--well. We're talking about rare typos and they happen once, not many times.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the state has a tiered testing method for CF; it\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>tests once for common mutations and send all positive results to Stanford for further testing. Stanford does about 9,000 tests a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers at Stanford have figured out how to do \u003ca href=\"http://jmd.amjpathol.org/article/S1525-1578(15)00275-5/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">one test for CF \u003c/a>using genome sequencing. The scientists were able to sequence the entire CF gene which means they can spot any and all abnormalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_104686\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-104686\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing-800x443.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford researchers were able to take enough DNA from dried blood spots to test newborns for cystic fibrosis.\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing-800x443.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing-400x221.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing-768x425.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing-960x532.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing-672x372.jpg 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Dried-blood-testing.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford researchers were able to take enough DNA from dried blood to sequence the CF gene for cystic fibrosis. \u003ccite>(Eric T. Sheler/US Air Force)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At birth, all infants get a heel pin-prick to test their blood for a range of diseases. Stanford researchers used blood from the test to map\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the CF gene. Now when they test babies, the results show whether or not a baby has a mutation on that gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other benefit of Stanford's new test is that researchers can sequence DNA from nearly 100 babies at once in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.illumina.com/systems/miseq.html\">Illumina genome sequencing machine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process takes only a few days and Scharfe hopes eventually it will only take a few hours. Current tests take longer than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the process sequences the entire CF genome it won't miss mutations, even if they are extremely rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Future for Stanford's CF Test\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford's new test is about one-fifth the cost of current CF tests. That's partially because genome sequencing has become much less expensive. Analyzing the CF gene is possible in a way that it wasn't fifty years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_105112\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-105112\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/IMG_7115-338x600.png\" alt=\"At age six, Patrick McGowan is extremely active and shows few outward signs of cystic fibrosis.\" width=\"338\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At age six, Patrick McGowan is extremely active and shows few outward signs of cystic fibrosis. \u003ccite>(Kirsten McGowan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So Scharfe hopes that, eventually, the test will be used throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California has the most comprehensive cystic fibrosis testing program and it would be very beneficial to have this new test available in many states.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before California's statewide newborn screening program started in 1966, many kids with genetic disorders would go undiagnosed and symptoms would show up later.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBut this hasn't been a problem for Kirsten's son Patrick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Outwardly he looks like any other kid walking down the sidewalk,\" says McGowan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said early detection of genetic diseases is crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sooner you get that news, the sooner you stop thinking ‘what if’. And then can get to that good place of living with the disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/104547/stanford-develops-fast-affordable-genetic-test-for-newborns","authors":["5432"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062"],"tags":["futureofyou_733","futureofyou_734","futureofyou_735","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_732"],"featImg":"futureofyou_104599","label":"futureofyou_54"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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