This 'Smart Pen' Could Revolutionize Diabetes Treatment
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The sensors can be drawn on almost any surface, even a leaf.","credit":"Amay 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Pickett","firstName":"Mallory","lastName":"Pickett","slug":"mpickett","email":"mallorypickett@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Mallory Pickett is an intern with KQED Science, where she mostly contributes to Deep Look. Before coming to KQED Mallory was a chemist, studying climate change and ocean acidification in her graduate studies at UC San Diego and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Now she works as a freelance science and environmental reporter in Berkeley, California, and is also a student at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76041fb6f98596f1792b3673c61c09be?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Mallory Pickett | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76041fb6f98596f1792b3673c61c09be?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/76041fb6f98596f1792b3673c61c09be?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mpickett"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"futureofyou_7146":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_7146","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"7146","score":null,"sort":[1435683491000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"this-smart-pen-could-revolutionize-diabetes-treatment","title":"This 'Smart Pen' Could Revolutionize Diabetes Treatment","publishDate":1435683491,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Diabetes runs in Amay Bandodkar’s family. He remembers watching his grandmother, who suffered from Type 2 diabetes, draw blood from her finger every few hours for glucose tests. The process got harder as she grew older, and in her final years Bandodkar says it hurt to watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was really skinny, and sometimes she would have to prick over and over to find a vein,” he recalls. “I could see the pain she was in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Now a graduate student in the engineering department at \u003ca href=\"https://ucsd.edu/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">UC San Diego\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Bandodkar and his adviser, Professor Joseph Wang, have developed products that could have spared her pain: \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s3\">glucose sensors that are cheap, non-invasive, and renewable, applied using a regular ballpoint pen or stuck on like a temporary tattoo.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">These new sensors make testing blood sugar as easy as signing your name, and \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">have\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> the potential to revolutionize a multibillion dollar industry. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Glucose Gold Rush\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8616\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-8616\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/Glucose-1-400x600.jpg\" alt=\"The renewable glucose sensor that looks like a temporary tattoo, and is just as easy to apply and remove\" width=\"290\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/Glucose-1-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/Glucose-1.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The renewable glucose sensor that looks like a temporary tattoo, and is just as easy to apply and remove \u003ccite>(Amay Bandodkar)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The glucose self-monitoring industry has exploded as Type 2 diabetes proliferated over the past thirty years. Diabetes diagnoses \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figage.htm\">doubled between 1980 and 2011\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">\u003c/a>, while sales of glucose monitoring products grew by over 12 percent annually from 1994 to 2006. Today, the industry is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769893/\">worth over $8 billion\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disease isn’t going anywhere — \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/2014statisticsreport.html\">one in eleven Americans has it\u003c/a>, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention projects this number will climb to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/2010/r101022.html\">one in three by 2050\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"> \u003c/a>— as a result of poor nutrition and a lack of exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worst thing about diabetes is that it has no cure,” Bandodkar says. “You can only manage it.” But for patients, keeping a close eye on blood sugar levels is key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/12/everyone-should-track-their-blood-sugar-not-just-people-with-diabetes-like-me/\">\u003cem>[Related: Everyone Should Track Their Blood Sugar -- Not Just People With Diabetes Like Me]\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Type II diabetics are encouraged to test their glucose levels regularly, as often as every few hours, like Bandodkar’s grandmother had to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The standard tool for these tests is a disposable sensor strip. The strips are plated with gold film, can only be used once, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22235952\">cost about a dollar each\u003c/a>. Surveys of patients with diabetes have shown that the cost of the strips, and the inconvenience of replacing them, is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1499267110410084;%20http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/26/8/2294.short\">significant barrier to responsible monitoring\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to throw [the strips] away,” Bandodkar says. “If we could make a reusable sensor that would be one way to reduce the cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, he and Wang set out to find a renewable sensor. The bio-catalytic enzymatic roller pens they came up with (“biocatalytic pens” for short) could be the next generation of glucose testing for the masses: reusable, customizable, and cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Smart Ink\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biocatalytic pen uses ink with glucose-oxidase, an enzyme that reacts selectively with glucose.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">““The worst thing about diabetes is that it has no cure. You can only manage it.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Amay Bandodkar, a graduate student at UC San Diego\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A sensor can be applied right onto a patient’s skin using a temporary tattoo, and the glucose oxidase will react with glucose just under their skin\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">. The reaction generates an electric current that a chip, stuck onto their skin, reads and transmits to a laptop via Bluetooth. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Or, a pen can be used to draw a renewable sensor onto an electrode. In this case the patient would still supply a drop of blood for testing on the electrode.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One pen can generate 500 sensors, and the accuracy of the glucose measurements in the \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">pen and tattoo methods \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">are already comparable to the glucose strips in use today.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">There are still some challenges to overcome, mostly in the stability and storage of the ink (which so far only keeps for three weeks in an extra-cold refrigerator), but Bandodkar will begin working with doctors in the next few months on a large-scale human trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s not the only one looking to shake up the glucose monitoring status quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dexcom.com/\">Dexcom\u003c/a>, also based in San Diego, has a system using a tiny wire inserted under a patient’s skin that make continuous glucose measurements. Google is even getting in on the game, with a\u003ca href=\"http://www.technologyreview.com/news/529196/what-else-could-smart-contact-lenses-do/\"> smart contact lens\u003c/a> it’s developing with pharma giant Novartis that would take and transmit continuous glucose measurements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the comparatively low-tech pens and tattoos are much cheaper than these methods, which Bandodkar hopes will help make life easier for diabetes patients who now rely on glucose testing strips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bio-ink technology also has a host of other applications, because ink could be made for almost any chemical that reacts with an enzyme, and drawn on any surface. Bandodkar and Wang have formulated an ink to measure levels of common air pollutants that can be drawn onto tree leaves, or other natural surfaces, to cheaply monitor local pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sneakiness of a sensor hidden in a ballpoint pen also has military utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For defense, you wouldn’t want your enemy to know you [deployed] a chemical sensor,” Bandodkar says. An armed person could take the pen and draw a sensor onto any surface to stealthily detect chemical weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some Science is Personal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But among all the exciting applications of the pens, glucose-sensing remains Bandodkar’s priority, and not for the potential commercial gains. His grandmother wasn’t the only one in his family to suffer from diabetes: his mom also suffers from Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I told my mom I was working on this, she was so happy,” he says. The potential to help her and millions of others keeps him motivated, but he doesn’t let personal investment cloud his scientific rigor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have your emotional attachment, and on the other side you have your scientific yes or no, is it working or not,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the answer seems to be a definitive ‘yes.’ More work needs to be done, but glucose-sensing pens may be only two or three years away from commercial availability. It’s too late to help Bandodkar’s grandmother, who passed away several years ago, but he can still help his mother — \u003ca href=\"https://www.idf.org/worlddiabetesday/toolkit/gp/facts-figures\">and 400 million others \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">\u003c/a>— save their blood and money.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Graduate students at UC San Diego developed a 'bio ink-pen,' which makes testing blood sugar as easy as signing your name. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477281281,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1079},"headData":{"title":"This 'Smart Pen' Could Revolutionize Diabetes Treatment | KQED","description":"Graduate students at UC San Diego developed a 'bio ink-pen,' which makes testing blood sugar as easy as signing your name. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"This 'Smart Pen' Could Revolutionize Diabetes Treatment","datePublished":"2015-06-30T16:58:11.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T03:54:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"7146 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=7146","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/06/30/this-smart-pen-could-revolutionize-diabetes-treatment/","disqusTitle":"This 'Smart Pen' Could Revolutionize Diabetes Treatment","path":"/futureofyou/7146/this-smart-pen-could-revolutionize-diabetes-treatment","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Diabetes runs in Amay Bandodkar’s family. He remembers watching his grandmother, who suffered from Type 2 diabetes, draw blood from her finger every few hours for glucose tests. The process got harder as she grew older, and in her final years Bandodkar says it hurt to watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was really skinny, and sometimes she would have to prick over and over to find a vein,” he recalls. “I could see the pain she was in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Now a graduate student in the engineering department at \u003ca href=\"https://ucsd.edu/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">UC San Diego\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Bandodkar and his adviser, Professor Joseph Wang, have developed products that could have spared her pain: \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s3\">glucose sensors that are cheap, non-invasive, and renewable, applied using a regular ballpoint pen or stuck on like a temporary tattoo.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">These new sensors make testing blood sugar as easy as signing your name, and \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">have\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> the potential to revolutionize a multibillion dollar industry. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Glucose Gold Rush\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8616\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-8616\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/Glucose-1-400x600.jpg\" alt=\"The renewable glucose sensor that looks like a temporary tattoo, and is just as easy to apply and remove\" width=\"290\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/Glucose-1-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/Glucose-1.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The renewable glucose sensor that looks like a temporary tattoo, and is just as easy to apply and remove \u003ccite>(Amay Bandodkar)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The glucose self-monitoring industry has exploded as Type 2 diabetes proliferated over the past thirty years. Diabetes diagnoses \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figage.htm\">doubled between 1980 and 2011\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">\u003c/a>, while sales of glucose monitoring products grew by over 12 percent annually from 1994 to 2006. Today, the industry is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769893/\">worth over $8 billion\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disease isn’t going anywhere — \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/2014statisticsreport.html\">one in eleven Americans has it\u003c/a>, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention projects this number will climb to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/2010/r101022.html\">one in three by 2050\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"> \u003c/a>— as a result of poor nutrition and a lack of exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worst thing about diabetes is that it has no cure,” Bandodkar says. “You can only manage it.” But for patients, keeping a close eye on blood sugar levels is key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/12/everyone-should-track-their-blood-sugar-not-just-people-with-diabetes-like-me/\">\u003cem>[Related: Everyone Should Track Their Blood Sugar -- Not Just People With Diabetes Like Me]\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Type II diabetics are encouraged to test their glucose levels regularly, as often as every few hours, like Bandodkar’s grandmother had to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The standard tool for these tests is a disposable sensor strip. The strips are plated with gold film, can only be used once, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22235952\">cost about a dollar each\u003c/a>. Surveys of patients with diabetes have shown that the cost of the strips, and the inconvenience of replacing them, is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1499267110410084;%20http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/26/8/2294.short\">significant barrier to responsible monitoring\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to throw [the strips] away,” Bandodkar says. “If we could make a reusable sensor that would be one way to reduce the cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, he and Wang set out to find a renewable sensor. The bio-catalytic enzymatic roller pens they came up with (“biocatalytic pens” for short) could be the next generation of glucose testing for the masses: reusable, customizable, and cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Smart Ink\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biocatalytic pen uses ink with glucose-oxidase, an enzyme that reacts selectively with glucose.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">““The worst thing about diabetes is that it has no cure. You can only manage it.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Amay Bandodkar, a graduate student at UC San Diego\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A sensor can be applied right onto a patient’s skin using a temporary tattoo, and the glucose oxidase will react with glucose just under their skin\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">. The reaction generates an electric current that a chip, stuck onto their skin, reads and transmits to a laptop via Bluetooth. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Or, a pen can be used to draw a renewable sensor onto an electrode. In this case the patient would still supply a drop of blood for testing on the electrode.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One pen can generate 500 sensors, and the accuracy of the glucose measurements in the \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">pen and tattoo methods \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">are already comparable to the glucose strips in use today.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">There are still some challenges to overcome, mostly in the stability and storage of the ink (which so far only keeps for three weeks in an extra-cold refrigerator), but Bandodkar will begin working with doctors in the next few months on a large-scale human trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s not the only one looking to shake up the glucose monitoring status quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dexcom.com/\">Dexcom\u003c/a>, also based in San Diego, has a system using a tiny wire inserted under a patient’s skin that make continuous glucose measurements. Google is even getting in on the game, with a\u003ca href=\"http://www.technologyreview.com/news/529196/what-else-could-smart-contact-lenses-do/\"> smart contact lens\u003c/a> it’s developing with pharma giant Novartis that would take and transmit continuous glucose measurements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the comparatively low-tech pens and tattoos are much cheaper than these methods, which Bandodkar hopes will help make life easier for diabetes patients who now rely on glucose testing strips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bio-ink technology also has a host of other applications, because ink could be made for almost any chemical that reacts with an enzyme, and drawn on any surface. Bandodkar and Wang have formulated an ink to measure levels of common air pollutants that can be drawn onto tree leaves, or other natural surfaces, to cheaply monitor local pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sneakiness of a sensor hidden in a ballpoint pen also has military utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For defense, you wouldn’t want your enemy to know you [deployed] a chemical sensor,” Bandodkar says. An armed person could take the pen and draw a sensor onto any surface to stealthily detect chemical weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some Science is Personal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But among all the exciting applications of the pens, glucose-sensing remains Bandodkar’s priority, and not for the potential commercial gains. His grandmother wasn’t the only one in his family to suffer from diabetes: his mom also suffers from Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I told my mom I was working on this, she was so happy,” he says. The potential to help her and millions of others keeps him motivated, but he doesn’t let personal investment cloud his scientific rigor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have your emotional attachment, and on the other side you have your scientific yes or no, is it working or not,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the answer seems to be a definitive ‘yes.’ More work needs to be done, but glucose-sensing pens may be only two or three years away from commercial availability. It’s too late to help Bandodkar’s grandmother, who passed away several years ago, but he can still help his mother — \u003ca href=\"https://www.idf.org/worlddiabetesday/toolkit/gp/facts-figures\">and 400 million others \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">\u003c/a>— save their blood and money.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/7146/this-smart-pen-could-revolutionize-diabetes-treatment","authors":["6616"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1062"],"tags":["futureofyou_138","futureofyou_477","futureofyou_128","futureofyou_453","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_480","futureofyou_479","futureofyou_478"],"featImg":"futureofyou_8615","label":"futureofyou"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. 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