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She has won several regional Emmy awards, a regional and a national Edward R. Murrow award. The Association for Health Journalists awarded Lesley best beat coverage. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her reporting several times. The Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her ongoing coverage of California's historic drought. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before joining KQED in 2016, she covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, the environment for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for both KUOW and KCTS9 in Seattle. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When not hunched over her laptop Lesley enjoys skiing with her toddler, surfing with her husband or scheming their next globetrotting adventure. Before motherhood she relished dancing tango till sunrise. 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This finding of a study \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4886\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published Wednesday\u003c/a> adds support to a growing body of evidence suggesting the link.[contextly_sidebar id=\"HEpAUbCt2g19YW7Y7Rht6rrTaYElddh0\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study of roughly 300 middle-aged women, an experience of sexual assault was associated with anxiety, depression and poor sleep. A history of workplace sexual harassment was also associated with poor sleep and with an increased risk of developing high blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are experiences that [a woman] could have had long ago ... and it can have this long arm of influence throughout a woman's life,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.publichealth.pitt.edu/home/directory/rebecca-thurston\">Rebecca Thurston\u003c/a>, lead author of the study, and a research psychologist and director of the Women's Behavioral Health Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study data come from a survey of healthy women between ages 40 and 60 who had been recruited for a study on menopause and cardiovascular disease — not sexual harassment or assault. They all had their blood pressure checked at study visits, as well as height and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other questions, the survey asked the women if they had ever experienced sexual harassment at work. Participants were also asked if they had ever \"been made or pressured into having some type of unwanted sexual contact.\" The women were not asked when those events occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-two percent reported a history of sexual assault, and 19 percent said they'd experienced workplace sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the sample size was small, the results are statistically significant. Women who had experienced sexual assault had on average an almost threefold increased risk of developing depressive symptoms, compared to women who hadn't. They also had a greater incidence of clinically significant anxiety.[contextly_sidebar id=\"IsNCC9ByhjKnhi0QhEGUW78GbGlaWQIA\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1 in 4 women who had been sexually assaulted met criteria for depression, while approximately 1 in 10 who had not were depressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who experienced sexual harassment at work had a twofold increased risk compared to women who hadn't of developing high blood pressure. Poor sleep was more common, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These [traumatic experiences] are clearly critical things that happen to people early on, that have these really long-lasting effects,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://directory.sph.umn.edu/bio/sph-a-z/susan-mason\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Susan Mason\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of Minnesota who studies the effects of trauma. \"These really shape people's life trajectories.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason was not involved in this study, but says the findings dovetail with other research on the relationship between trauma and physical or mental health later in life. Intimate partner violence, for example, has been associated with the development of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23248189\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diabetes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22717307\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high blood pressure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's study is particularly noteworthy, Mason says, because it includes clinical data — in-office blood pressure checks, for example, and validated diagnostic tools for depression and anxiety — rather than depending exclusively on self-reported diagnoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinicians don't have the ability to corroborate women's memories of sexual assault or harassment, however. Thurston points to literature on the way traumatic memories are processed that demonstrates that discrete events like a sexual assault often remain vivid in a way other memories don't. This is why, she says, she trusts the study participants who say they've been through these experiences.[contextly_sidebar id=\"aop33xdUj0MLT7LwmTHbeoNCW1mJ7lyp\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the patient thinks it's important, it's important,\" says Dr. Valerie Gilchrist, chair of the department of family medicine at the University of Wisconsin who has written about screening for sexual violence in primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recommends that clinicians ask patients if they've experienced sexual assault, particularly patients who are experiencing significant stress or have difficulty with pelvic exams. Authors note that sexual assault and harassment seemed to be less common in this group of women than in national estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prevalence in their cohort was significantly lower than a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6308a1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 estimate from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>, which found that 19 percent of American women had been raped, and almost 44 percent had experienced another form of sexual violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thurston thinks this is because the study excluded a fair number of women for reasons related to its original intent of researching menopause and cardiovascular disease. Women taking medications for depression were not included, for example, as well as those with serious medical problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sexual assault and sexual abuse are much more common than people think,\" Thurston says. These are \"key toxic stressors for women.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While researchers weren't surprised that sexual assault and harassment seemed to be related to the development of mood disorders and poor sleep, they were impressed by the strength of the association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These should be urgent public health priorities,\" Mason says. \"How do we address the fundamental ways that our social structure affects health?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mara Gordon is a family physician in Washington, D.C., and a health and media fellow at NPR and Georgetown University School of Medicine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sexual+Assault+And+Harassment+May+Have+Lasting+Health+Repercussions+For+Women&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In a small study of middle-aged women, a history of sexual assault and workplace harassment was linked to health problems like hypertension, sleeplessness and depression. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1538751917,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":833},"headData":{"title":"Sexual Assault And Harassment May Have Lasting Health Repercussions For Women | KQED","description":"In a small study of middle-aged women, a history of sexual assault and workplace harassment was linked to health problems like hypertension, sleeplessness and depression. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"444828 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444828","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/04/sexual-assault-and-harassment-may-have-lasting-health-repercussions-for-women/","disqusTitle":"Sexual Assault And Harassment May Have Lasting Health Repercussions For Women","source":"Health","nprByline":"Mara Gordon, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Fabio Pagani/EyeEm/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"653797374","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=653797374&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/03/653797374/sexual-assault-and-harassment-may-have-lasting-health-repercussions-for-women?ft=nprml&f=653797374","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 03 Oct 2018 15:01:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 03 Oct 2018 09:50:57 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 03 Oct 2018 15:01:53 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/444828/sexual-assault-and-harassment-may-have-lasting-health-repercussions-for-women","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The trauma of sexual assault or harassment is not only hard to forget; it may also leave lasting effects on a woman's health. This finding of a study \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4886\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published Wednesday\u003c/a> adds support to a growing body of evidence suggesting the link.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study of roughly 300 middle-aged women, an experience of sexual assault was associated with anxiety, depression and poor sleep. A history of workplace sexual harassment was also associated with poor sleep and with an increased risk of developing high blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are experiences that [a woman] could have had long ago ... and it can have this long arm of influence throughout a woman's life,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.publichealth.pitt.edu/home/directory/rebecca-thurston\">Rebecca Thurston\u003c/a>, lead author of the study, and a research psychologist and director of the Women's Behavioral Health Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study data come from a survey of healthy women between ages 40 and 60 who had been recruited for a study on menopause and cardiovascular disease — not sexual harassment or assault. They all had their blood pressure checked at study visits, as well as height and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other questions, the survey asked the women if they had ever experienced sexual harassment at work. Participants were also asked if they had ever \"been made or pressured into having some type of unwanted sexual contact.\" The women were not asked when those events occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-two percent reported a history of sexual assault, and 19 percent said they'd experienced workplace sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the sample size was small, the results are statistically significant. Women who had experienced sexual assault had on average an almost threefold increased risk of developing depressive symptoms, compared to women who hadn't. They also had a greater incidence of clinically significant anxiety.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1 in 4 women who had been sexually assaulted met criteria for depression, while approximately 1 in 10 who had not were depressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who experienced sexual harassment at work had a twofold increased risk compared to women who hadn't of developing high blood pressure. Poor sleep was more common, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These [traumatic experiences] are clearly critical things that happen to people early on, that have these really long-lasting effects,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://directory.sph.umn.edu/bio/sph-a-z/susan-mason\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Susan Mason\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of Minnesota who studies the effects of trauma. \"These really shape people's life trajectories.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason was not involved in this study, but says the findings dovetail with other research on the relationship between trauma and physical or mental health later in life. Intimate partner violence, for example, has been associated with the development of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23248189\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diabetes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22717307\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high blood pressure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's study is particularly noteworthy, Mason says, because it includes clinical data — in-office blood pressure checks, for example, and validated diagnostic tools for depression and anxiety — rather than depending exclusively on self-reported diagnoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinicians don't have the ability to corroborate women's memories of sexual assault or harassment, however. Thurston points to literature on the way traumatic memories are processed that demonstrates that discrete events like a sexual assault often remain vivid in a way other memories don't. This is why, she says, she trusts the study participants who say they've been through these experiences.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the patient thinks it's important, it's important,\" says Dr. Valerie Gilchrist, chair of the department of family medicine at the University of Wisconsin who has written about screening for sexual violence in primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recommends that clinicians ask patients if they've experienced sexual assault, particularly patients who are experiencing significant stress or have difficulty with pelvic exams. Authors note that sexual assault and harassment seemed to be less common in this group of women than in national estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prevalence in their cohort was significantly lower than a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6308a1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 estimate from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>, which found that 19 percent of American women had been raped, and almost 44 percent had experienced another form of sexual violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thurston thinks this is because the study excluded a fair number of women for reasons related to its original intent of researching menopause and cardiovascular disease. Women taking medications for depression were not included, for example, as well as those with serious medical problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sexual assault and sexual abuse are much more common than people think,\" Thurston says. These are \"key toxic stressors for women.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While researchers weren't surprised that sexual assault and harassment seemed to be related to the development of mood disorders and poor sleep, they were impressed by the strength of the association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These should be urgent public health priorities,\" Mason says. \"How do we address the fundamental ways that our social structure affects health?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mara Gordon is a family physician in Washington, D.C., and a health and media fellow at NPR and Georgetown University School of Medicine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sexual+Assault+And+Harassment+May+Have+Lasting+Health+Repercussions+For+Women&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444828/sexual-assault-and-harassment-may-have-lasting-health-repercussions-for-women","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444828"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_216","futureofyou_1429","futureofyou_1312","futureofyou_1555"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444829","label":"source_futureofyou_444828"},"futureofyou_442755":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_442755","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"442755","score":null,"sort":[1529098053000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-legislature-may-create-new-harassment-unit","title":"California Legislature May Create New Harassment Unit","publishDate":1529098053,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Women’s Health | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The California Legislature may create a new investigative unit to focus solely on harassment and discrimination complaints and hire an outside panel of experts to recommend discipline for perpetrators.[contextly_sidebar id=\"gygDT1q9e2GXTpIUvnzOlJzHxf7Un2mj\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are key pieces of a sweeping policy overhaul proposed Friday by two lawmakers tasked with revamping the Capitol’s sexual misconduct policies after several lawmakers and high-level staffers were accused of groping and other inappropriate conduct. The policy could be edited before an approval vote June 25, but Assembly and Senate leaders offered their support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critical details are still lacking, such as how much the new unit would cost, how many employees it would include and how members of the independent review panel would be selected. But Assemblywoman Laura Friedman and Sen. Holly Mitchell, who drove the new proposal, called it a major step toward improving the Capitol culture to better protect employees from harassment and discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a sea change,” Friedman said, a Glendale Democrat. “I think (it’s) very, very different from what other government entities have done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the #MeToo movement, statehouses across the country are grappling with how best to handle inappropriate workplace culture and conduct by lawmakers who can only be removed by voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newly proposed “Workplace Conduct Unit” would operate within the Legislative Counsel’s office. Friedman said it would operate independently, but a policy outline shared with reports said the Legislative Counsel would oversee the unit.[contextly_sidebar id=\"NvLxTNw55pZieA3bpNA5g1Yv3c3lysMm\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature would also appoint five outside experts to a panel tasked with reviewing the facts discovered by investigators, determining whether the accusations have merit and recommending how the Legislature should respond. Discipline options could range from requiring an employee or lawmaker to undergo more bias training to termination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Assembly and Senate would still have the ultimate say on how to discipline employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of the Legislature’s existing policy have said it’s unfair because it is not truly independent. Friedman and Mitchell said it hasn’t been determined whether now-active investigations would be re-routed through the new process if it is adopted. The Assembly just resumed an investigation into a groping allegation against Democratic Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia after determining last month it couldn’t be substantiated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed policy also aims to spur a shift in how people in the Capitol community speak and act toward each other. It encourages people to report minor incidents such as insensitive comments all the way through more aggressive acts of misconduct.[contextly_sidebar id=\"o7tnf7HZ8VgExXfhk7wX49GBtlwjq3re\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not every complaint would go through the full investigative process, but the policy is designed to clamp down on any type of behavior that contributes to a toxic culture. It would revamp the Legislature’s training process to be more hands on and include sessions on implicit bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can have the best policy on paper but until the culture of your organization really embodies that culture you want to have, those policies can only go so far,” Friedman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new investigative unit and panel system would handle any type of harassment or discrimination complaints, including those based on race or sexual orientation. Other complaints would go through the normal human resources process.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In the wake of the #MeToo movement, statehouses across the country are grappling with how best to handle inappropriate conduct by lawmakers who can only be removed by voters.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1529098053,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":554},"headData":{"title":"California Legislature May Create New Harassment Unit | KQED","description":"In the wake of the #MeToo movement, statehouses across the country are grappling with how best to handle inappropriate conduct by lawmakers who can only be removed by voters.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"442755 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=442755","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/06/15/california-legislature-may-create-new-harassment-unit/","disqusTitle":"California Legislature May Create New Harassment Unit","source":"Health","nprByline":"Kathleen Ronayne\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/442755/california-legislature-may-create-new-harassment-unit","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Legislature may create a new investigative unit to focus solely on harassment and discrimination complaints and hire an outside panel of experts to recommend discipline for perpetrators.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are key pieces of a sweeping policy overhaul proposed Friday by two lawmakers tasked with revamping the Capitol’s sexual misconduct policies after several lawmakers and high-level staffers were accused of groping and other inappropriate conduct. The policy could be edited before an approval vote June 25, but Assembly and Senate leaders offered their support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critical details are still lacking, such as how much the new unit would cost, how many employees it would include and how members of the independent review panel would be selected. But Assemblywoman Laura Friedman and Sen. Holly Mitchell, who drove the new proposal, called it a major step toward improving the Capitol culture to better protect employees from harassment and discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a sea change,” Friedman said, a Glendale Democrat. “I think (it’s) very, very different from what other government entities have done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the #MeToo movement, statehouses across the country are grappling with how best to handle inappropriate workplace culture and conduct by lawmakers who can only be removed by voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newly proposed “Workplace Conduct Unit” would operate within the Legislative Counsel’s office. Friedman said it would operate independently, but a policy outline shared with reports said the Legislative Counsel would oversee the unit.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature would also appoint five outside experts to a panel tasked with reviewing the facts discovered by investigators, determining whether the accusations have merit and recommending how the Legislature should respond. Discipline options could range from requiring an employee or lawmaker to undergo more bias training to termination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Assembly and Senate would still have the ultimate say on how to discipline employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of the Legislature’s existing policy have said it’s unfair because it is not truly independent. Friedman and Mitchell said it hasn’t been determined whether now-active investigations would be re-routed through the new process if it is adopted. The Assembly just resumed an investigation into a groping allegation against Democratic Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia after determining last month it couldn’t be substantiated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed policy also aims to spur a shift in how people in the Capitol community speak and act toward each other. It encourages people to report minor incidents such as insensitive comments all the way through more aggressive acts of misconduct.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not every complaint would go through the full investigative process, but the policy is designed to clamp down on any type of behavior that contributes to a toxic culture. It would revamp the Legislature’s training process to be more hands on and include sessions on implicit bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can have the best policy on paper but until the culture of your organization really embodies that culture you want to have, those policies can only go so far,” Friedman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new investigative unit and panel system would handle any type of harassment or discrimination complaints, including those based on race or sexual orientation. Other complaints would go through the normal human resources process.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/442755/california-legislature-may-create-new-harassment-unit","authors":["byline_futureofyou_442755"],"series":["futureofyou_219"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_204","futureofyou_1421","futureofyou_1312","futureofyou_215"],"featImg":"futureofyou_442758","label":"source_futureofyou_442755"},"futureofyou_438664":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_438664","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"438664","score":null,"sort":[1516698088000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-happens-when-metoo-stories-reignite-old-trauma","title":"What Happens When #MeToo Stories Reignite Old Trauma","publishDate":1516698088,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>For victims of sexual violence, the flood of #MeToo sexual harassment stories may stir a mix of emotions. In many ways it can be validating to know you’re not alone. But the stories can also spark old memories and uncomfortable physical reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">During flashbacks, people with PTSD 'will see exactly what they saw at the time of the trauma.'\u003ccite>Dr Ruth Lanius, University of Western Ontario\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“What’s happening right now has been a big trigger,\" says San Francisco resident Jane Johnstone.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The many tales of male sexual misconduct have ended careers in numerous workplaces, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/11/05/562188679/nprs-sexual-harassment-scandal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">including NPR\u003c/a>. Initially Johnstone was relieved to see a national conversation unfolding about a subject painfully close to her heart, but it wasn't long before all the headlines sent her into a tailspin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just felt all of the things that I hadn't felt in so long,\" Johnstone, says. She's also been hit by waves of pain and sadness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's still so much shame.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[contextly_sidebar id=\"JehcYJDbzFhpUhsCW7dMIPhpciO3cWkD\"]The Body Stores the Memories \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much shame, for something that happened nearly 50 years in the past. When Johnstone was about eight years old, she was sexually abused by her best friend’s father. At first she was too young to fully understand his actions as wrong. But experts say her brain instinctively knew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When a child is abused, the innate alarm system may be activated. And this can cause distress under the level of conscious awareness,\" says Ruth Lanius, a psychiatrist at the University of Western Ontario who specializes in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post-traumatic stress disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That alarm system, located deep in the brain stem, will activate a region that helps a person detach, Lanius says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"oaEBLSzYfTzn0W8fF2puK5d5ivPgevbF\"]“People can go into an emotional shutdown response where they actually don't perceive sensory information anymore,\" Lanius says. \"They essentially become very disconnected from their own body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trauma Can Rewire the Nervous System\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnstone endured the abuse silently for several years. As an adult, she remained emotionally withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t get close to people,\" she says. \"I was afraid to open up and have really intimate relationships.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That response makes complete sense to Laurie Richer, a psychiatrist at UC San Francisco and the director of the \u003ca href=\"http://traumarecoverycenter.org/about-us/mental-health-team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trauma Recovery Center.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So right away she developed a sense that not everybody's safe,\" Richer says. \"In general, especially when we're talking about sexual harassment, sexual assault, or sexual abuse, individuals tend to feel less safe in all relationships and especially in intimate relationships.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women are more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/PTSD-overview/women/women-trauma-and-ptsd.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">twice\u003c/a> as likely as men to develop PTSD, and survivors of sexual violence are particularly at risk. Richer says a traumatic experience can literally rewire the nervous system and alter the body’s coping mechanisms. Victims who develop PTSD may struggle with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/PTSD-overview/women/women-trauma-and-ptsd.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">symptoms\u003c/a>, such as hyperarousal, for their entire lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visceral nature of flashbacks is a unique symptom. In most people, a memory lights up the thinking part of the brain. In people with PTSD, a memory lights up the sensory area, so that the past is not just recalled, but rather relived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So people will see exactly what they saw at the time of the trauma. They may hear what they heard at the time of the trauma,\" Lanius says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It All Comes Rushing Back\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'You can say to yourself, \"It’s 2018. I’m in the present. I’m safe.\"' \u003ccite>Dr Ruth Lanius, University of Western Ontario\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In her mid-40s, Johnstone finally sought therapy. Eventually she told her family what had happened to her, and she pressed charges against her abuser. He wasn’t arrested, but she says the\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>fact that he was confronted by authorities was enough to help put the past behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a decade passed, and Johnstone thought she had successfully overcome her childhood trauma. But the steady drumbeat of #MeToo stories reignited her PTSD symptoms. Suddenly she was anxious and irritable. She couldn't sleep. She feared another slide into depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What to Do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"z1T7EpABPy2XSlX8o4fEv4UZYZN3Ncjt\"]Psychiatrists recommend self-talk during these episodes, to calm the nervous system. “You can say to yourself, 'It’s 2018,' says Lanius. 'I’m in the present. I’m safe.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnstone called her therapist for a check-in. She says talking to someone in a safe space has been very helpful in quieting her emotions. The night after our interview, she cried hard, she says. For Johnstone, getting dragged back to the past is painful. Yet, she's also hopeful that a lot of healing is taking place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s very empowering to see all these women come forward and tell their stories and stand up,\" Johnstone says. She says the #MeToo voices are softening the internalized shame that kept both herself and so many women silent for too long. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you’re experiencing sexual harassment or assault, you can call the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rainn.org/about-national-sexual-assault-telephone-hotline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Sexual Assault Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-656-HOPE (4673). The call is free and anything you share is confidential. A trained staff member will help you find local resources like counseling and support groups, and will answer questions about medical concerns. You can also get information about local harassment laws.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A look at how a traumatic event may come back to haunt you, and what you can do about it. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1539126408,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":895},"headData":{"title":"What Happens When #MeToo Stories Reignite Old Trauma | KQED","description":"A look at how a traumatic event may come back to haunt you, and what you can do about it. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"438664 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=438664","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/01/23/what-happens-when-metoo-stories-reignite-old-trauma/","disqusTitle":"What Happens When #MeToo Stories Reignite Old Trauma","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/01/SexHarassment2FORWEB.mp3","audioTrackLength":284,"path":"/futureofyou/438664/what-happens-when-metoo-stories-reignite-old-trauma","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For victims of sexual violence, the flood of #MeToo sexual harassment stories may stir a mix of emotions. In many ways it can be validating to know you’re not alone. But the stories can also spark old memories and uncomfortable physical reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">During flashbacks, people with PTSD 'will see exactly what they saw at the time of the trauma.'\u003ccite>Dr Ruth Lanius, University of Western Ontario\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“What’s happening right now has been a big trigger,\" says San Francisco resident Jane Johnstone.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The many tales of male sexual misconduct have ended careers in numerous workplaces, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/11/05/562188679/nprs-sexual-harassment-scandal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">including NPR\u003c/a>. Initially Johnstone was relieved to see a national conversation unfolding about a subject painfully close to her heart, but it wasn't long before all the headlines sent her into a tailspin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just felt all of the things that I hadn't felt in so long,\" Johnstone, says. She's also been hit by waves of pain and sadness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's still so much shame.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The Body Stores the Memories \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much shame, for something that happened nearly 50 years in the past. When Johnstone was about eight years old, she was sexually abused by her best friend’s father. At first she was too young to fully understand his actions as wrong. But experts say her brain instinctively knew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When a child is abused, the innate alarm system may be activated. And this can cause distress under the level of conscious awareness,\" says Ruth Lanius, a psychiatrist at the University of Western Ontario who specializes in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post-traumatic stress disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That alarm system, located deep in the brain stem, will activate a region that helps a person detach, Lanius says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“People can go into an emotional shutdown response where they actually don't perceive sensory information anymore,\" Lanius says. \"They essentially become very disconnected from their own body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trauma Can Rewire the Nervous System\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnstone endured the abuse silently for several years. As an adult, she remained emotionally withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t get close to people,\" she says. \"I was afraid to open up and have really intimate relationships.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That response makes complete sense to Laurie Richer, a psychiatrist at UC San Francisco and the director of the \u003ca href=\"http://traumarecoverycenter.org/about-us/mental-health-team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trauma Recovery Center.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So right away she developed a sense that not everybody's safe,\" Richer says. \"In general, especially when we're talking about sexual harassment, sexual assault, or sexual abuse, individuals tend to feel less safe in all relationships and especially in intimate relationships.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women are more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/PTSD-overview/women/women-trauma-and-ptsd.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">twice\u003c/a> as likely as men to develop PTSD, and survivors of sexual violence are particularly at risk. Richer says a traumatic experience can literally rewire the nervous system and alter the body’s coping mechanisms. Victims who develop PTSD may struggle with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/PTSD-overview/women/women-trauma-and-ptsd.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">symptoms\u003c/a>, such as hyperarousal, for their entire lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visceral nature of flashbacks is a unique symptom. In most people, a memory lights up the thinking part of the brain. In people with PTSD, a memory lights up the sensory area, so that the past is not just recalled, but rather relived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So people will see exactly what they saw at the time of the trauma. They may hear what they heard at the time of the trauma,\" Lanius says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It All Comes Rushing Back\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'You can say to yourself, \"It’s 2018. I’m in the present. I’m safe.\"' \u003ccite>Dr Ruth Lanius, University of Western Ontario\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In her mid-40s, Johnstone finally sought therapy. Eventually she told her family what had happened to her, and she pressed charges against her abuser. He wasn’t arrested, but she says the\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>fact that he was confronted by authorities was enough to help put the past behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a decade passed, and Johnstone thought she had successfully overcome her childhood trauma. But the steady drumbeat of #MeToo stories reignited her PTSD symptoms. Suddenly she was anxious and irritable. She couldn't sleep. She feared another slide into depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What to Do\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Psychiatrists recommend self-talk during these episodes, to calm the nervous system. “You can say to yourself, 'It’s 2018,' says Lanius. 'I’m in the present. I’m safe.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnstone called her therapist for a check-in. She says talking to someone in a safe space has been very helpful in quieting her emotions. The night after our interview, she cried hard, she says. For Johnstone, getting dragged back to the past is painful. Yet, she's also hopeful that a lot of healing is taking place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s very empowering to see all these women come forward and tell their stories and stand up,\" Johnstone says. She says the #MeToo voices are softening the internalized shame that kept both herself and so many women silent for too long. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you’re experiencing sexual harassment or assault, you can call the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rainn.org/about-national-sexual-assault-telephone-hotline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Sexual Assault Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-656-HOPE (4673). The call is free and anything you share is confidential. A trained staff member will help you find local resources like counseling and support groups, and will answer questions about medical concerns. You can also get information about local harassment laws.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/438664/what-happens-when-metoo-stories-reignite-old-trauma","authors":["11229"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1453","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_1421","futureofyou_1312"],"featImg":"futureofyou_438682","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_438526":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_438526","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"438526","score":null,"sort":[1516608104000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-sexual-harassment-victims-often-cant-just-get-over-it","title":"Why Sexual Harassment Victims Can't Just 'Get Over It'","publishDate":1516608104,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Since October, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2017/10/27/weinstein-scandal-complete-list-accusers/804663001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dozens \u003c/a>of women accused Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein of sexual harassment, a torrent of stories about male sexual misconduct has roiled workplaces in entertainment, journalism, government and the restaurant industry. Even \u003ca href=\"https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/yoga-girl-rachel-brathen-collects-more-than-300-metoo-yoga-stories-the-community-responds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yoga teachers\u003c/a> now face a day of reckoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If they wanted to shut me up, they’d touch me under the table.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many women have talked about the negative impact these experiences have had on their lives, but the distress isn't just anecdotal. A growing body of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3884002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> links workplace sexual harassment to negative psychological and physical effects, and these can have consequences years after the events occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cindy Patterson, workplace sexual harassment isn't just something that happened to her 25 years ago; she says it's something that still has an impact on her life today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We Were Going to Break That Glass Ceiling'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her mid-20s, Patterson landed her dream job at a financial institution in the southwest, setting her sights high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was one of the only women, and we were going to break that glass ceiling,\" says Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The office becomes a place you can’t assume your safety and go about your work; instead you’re also worrying about the potential for psychological or physical assault ... It exhausts you.'\u003ccite>David Spiegel, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She quickly rose through the ranks. But when a new vice president laid off many of the women and brought in his own team, Patterson says, things changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Little comments like, 'Oh, I see you’ve got some assets there, Cindy,' \" she recounts. \"This one guy would just stare at my breasts, and it was just -- it's bullying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her male executive colleagues scheduled meetings at topless bars, where they'd slide their hands under her dress. And it wasn't just over cocktails -- it happened at work, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they wanted to shut me up, they’d touch me under the table,\" she says. \"And it did shut me up. It would throw me off my game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The human resources department \u003ca href=\"http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/institutionalbetrayal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shrugged off\u003c/a> her complaints. The daily incidents left her feeling “as if my skin was being ripped off.\" She lost sleep and developed stomachaches, migraines, acne and facial hair. She put on weight, then more weight. The stress, she says, contributed to an eventual divorce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I haven't worked for something like that, where it's very competitive, again,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Body Reacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts in sexual harassment say they frequently hear victims report similar health consequences to those that Cindy Patterson describes. Even seemingly innocuous or occasional harassment can lead to a myriad of \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://ww2.cas.sc.edu/psyc/sites/default/files/directory_files/Schneider,%2520Swan,%2520Fitzgerald%25201997%2520JAP.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm05LK0EMFmG75BeKNvztw-G5qb76A&nossl=1&oi=scholarr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health effects\u003c/a>, such as anxiety, headaches, sleep disorders, weight loss or gain, nausea, lowered self-esteem and sexual dysfunction. Victims also tend to have higher rates of absenteeism and decreased job satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"FOa5ozgC4Gzm2fPJBl7cvueZdFRgH7yF\"]There's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3227029/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence\u003c/a> that sexual harassment early in one's career can lead to depression down the road. Some experts have argued that sexual harassment can lead to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11936724\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post-traumatic stress disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uncontrollable and unpredictable stressful experiences have very negative effects on people’s brains and bodies,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimhopper.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jim Hopper\u003c/a>, who teaches in the psychiatry department at Harvard Medical School and is an expert on the neurobiology of trauma and sexual assault. “These are things that affect our identity, our sense of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's in Our DNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are wired to respond to threatening behavior, and even a lewd comment can kick our defense circuitry into gear, says\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/david-spiegel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> David Spiegel\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist and stress expert at Stanford University. The moment an ostensibly safe space like an office becomes sexualized, he says, it can set off an internal alarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wasn't surprised that Patterson suffered extreme stress from comments and groping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From that moment, she's beginning to think that she's not just uncomfortable but potentially in danger,\" he says. \"Even if the harassment is primarily psychological, it's suggesting unwelcome sexual activity, which arouses a physical response to a physical threat. That stirs up your fight-or-flight reaction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in any potentially dangerous situation, sexual harassment triggers the release of adrenaline and cortisol, which quickens heart rate and raises blood pressure, muscle tension and blood glucose levels. The response is evolutionary: The extra energy fuels our ability to flee or do combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An occasional spike in stress hormones isn't harmful, Spiegel says, but if a victim starts living in a chronic state of high alert, it can be toxic to the nervous system. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The office becomes a place you can't assume your safety and go about your work; instead you're also worrying about the potential for psychological or physical assault,\" Spiegel says. \"This chronic activation of the nervous system can lead to a kind of burnout, where your body is overreacting much of the time, and it exhausts you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shutting Down\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson wasn't only living on high alert. When groped, she would freeze up. Spiegel calls this response speechless terror. He says the emotional center, the limbic system, kicks the analytical part of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, into overdrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The emotional part of the brain is hijacking the rest of the brain for a while because you’re having such a strong reaction,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Patterson's case, she stopped talking at meetings altogether to avoid the possibility of getting silenced involuntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Long-Term Consequences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I used to think that although [it was] unpleasant, I was above it, stronger than the harassment,\" says Patterson. \"But later I realized how it had impacted how I acted at work and the choices I made in my career and in my personal life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 25 years later, Patterson believes she is still paying for what happened those two excruciating years. Since then, she has struggled with weight gain, and she was recently diagnosed with heart disease, which she believes may be related to the extreme stress she was under.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It becomes this sort of non-reversing cycle of feeling worse about yourself, doing things that make you physically worse and restrict your other options in life,\" Spiegel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson does, however, find all the current attention on sexual harassment to be healing. She hopes the glass ceiling -- the one she planned to break in the 80s -- may be shattered by the #MeToo voices that are finally getting their say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you’re experiencing sexual harassment or assault, you can call the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rainn.org/about-national-sexual-assault-telephone-hotline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Sexual Assault Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-656-HOPE (4673). The call is free and anything you share is confidential. A trained staff member will help you find local resources like counseling and support groups, and will answer questions about medical concerns. You can also get information about local harassment laws.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Workplace sexual harassment can bring about long-term changes in women's health, by affecting how the body processes stress.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1516896888,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1145},"headData":{"title":"Why Sexual Harassment Victims Can't Just 'Get Over It' | KQED","description":"Workplace sexual harassment can bring about long-term changes in women's health, by affecting how the body processes stress.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"438526 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=438526","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/01/22/why-sexual-harassment-victims-often-cant-just-get-over-it/","disqusTitle":"Why Sexual Harassment Victims Can't Just 'Get Over It'","source":"KQED Future of You","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/01/FORWEBSexualHarassment1.mp3","path":"/futureofyou/438526/why-sexual-harassment-victims-often-cant-just-get-over-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Since October, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2017/10/27/weinstein-scandal-complete-list-accusers/804663001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dozens \u003c/a>of women accused Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein of sexual harassment, a torrent of stories about male sexual misconduct has roiled workplaces in entertainment, journalism, government and the restaurant industry. Even \u003ca href=\"https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/yoga-girl-rachel-brathen-collects-more-than-300-metoo-yoga-stories-the-community-responds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yoga teachers\u003c/a> now face a day of reckoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If they wanted to shut me up, they’d touch me under the table.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many women have talked about the negative impact these experiences have had on their lives, but the distress isn't just anecdotal. A growing body of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3884002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> links workplace sexual harassment to negative psychological and physical effects, and these can have consequences years after the events occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cindy Patterson, workplace sexual harassment isn't just something that happened to her 25 years ago; she says it's something that still has an impact on her life today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We Were Going to Break That Glass Ceiling'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her mid-20s, Patterson landed her dream job at a financial institution in the southwest, setting her sights high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was one of the only women, and we were going to break that glass ceiling,\" says Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The office becomes a place you can’t assume your safety and go about your work; instead you’re also worrying about the potential for psychological or physical assault ... It exhausts you.'\u003ccite>David Spiegel, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She quickly rose through the ranks. But when a new vice president laid off many of the women and brought in his own team, Patterson says, things changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Little comments like, 'Oh, I see you’ve got some assets there, Cindy,' \" she recounts. \"This one guy would just stare at my breasts, and it was just -- it's bullying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her male executive colleagues scheduled meetings at topless bars, where they'd slide their hands under her dress. And it wasn't just over cocktails -- it happened at work, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they wanted to shut me up, they’d touch me under the table,\" she says. \"And it did shut me up. It would throw me off my game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The human resources department \u003ca href=\"http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/institutionalbetrayal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shrugged off\u003c/a> her complaints. The daily incidents left her feeling “as if my skin was being ripped off.\" She lost sleep and developed stomachaches, migraines, acne and facial hair. She put on weight, then more weight. The stress, she says, contributed to an eventual divorce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I haven't worked for something like that, where it's very competitive, again,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Body Reacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts in sexual harassment say they frequently hear victims report similar health consequences to those that Cindy Patterson describes. Even seemingly innocuous or occasional harassment can lead to a myriad of \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://ww2.cas.sc.edu/psyc/sites/default/files/directory_files/Schneider,%2520Swan,%2520Fitzgerald%25201997%2520JAP.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm05LK0EMFmG75BeKNvztw-G5qb76A&nossl=1&oi=scholarr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health effects\u003c/a>, such as anxiety, headaches, sleep disorders, weight loss or gain, nausea, lowered self-esteem and sexual dysfunction. Victims also tend to have higher rates of absenteeism and decreased job satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>There's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3227029/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence\u003c/a> that sexual harassment early in one's career can lead to depression down the road. Some experts have argued that sexual harassment can lead to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11936724\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post-traumatic stress disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uncontrollable and unpredictable stressful experiences have very negative effects on people’s brains and bodies,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimhopper.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jim Hopper\u003c/a>, who teaches in the psychiatry department at Harvard Medical School and is an expert on the neurobiology of trauma and sexual assault. “These are things that affect our identity, our sense of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's in Our DNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are wired to respond to threatening behavior, and even a lewd comment can kick our defense circuitry into gear, says\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/david-spiegel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> David Spiegel\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist and stress expert at Stanford University. The moment an ostensibly safe space like an office becomes sexualized, he says, it can set off an internal alarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wasn't surprised that Patterson suffered extreme stress from comments and groping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From that moment, she's beginning to think that she's not just uncomfortable but potentially in danger,\" he says. \"Even if the harassment is primarily psychological, it's suggesting unwelcome sexual activity, which arouses a physical response to a physical threat. That stirs up your fight-or-flight reaction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in any potentially dangerous situation, sexual harassment triggers the release of adrenaline and cortisol, which quickens heart rate and raises blood pressure, muscle tension and blood glucose levels. The response is evolutionary: The extra energy fuels our ability to flee or do combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An occasional spike in stress hormones isn't harmful, Spiegel says, but if a victim starts living in a chronic state of high alert, it can be toxic to the nervous system. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The office becomes a place you can't assume your safety and go about your work; instead you're also worrying about the potential for psychological or physical assault,\" Spiegel says. \"This chronic activation of the nervous system can lead to a kind of burnout, where your body is overreacting much of the time, and it exhausts you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shutting Down\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson wasn't only living on high alert. When groped, she would freeze up. Spiegel calls this response speechless terror. He says the emotional center, the limbic system, kicks the analytical part of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, into overdrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The emotional part of the brain is hijacking the rest of the brain for a while because you’re having such a strong reaction,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Patterson's case, she stopped talking at meetings altogether to avoid the possibility of getting silenced involuntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Long-Term Consequences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I used to think that although [it was] unpleasant, I was above it, stronger than the harassment,\" says Patterson. \"But later I realized how it had impacted how I acted at work and the choices I made in my career and in my personal life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 25 years later, Patterson believes she is still paying for what happened those two excruciating years. Since then, she has struggled with weight gain, and she was recently diagnosed with heart disease, which she believes may be related to the extreme stress she was under.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It becomes this sort of non-reversing cycle of feeling worse about yourself, doing things that make you physically worse and restrict your other options in life,\" Spiegel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson does, however, find all the current attention on sexual harassment to be healing. She hopes the glass ceiling -- the one she planned to break in the 80s -- may be shattered by the #MeToo voices that are finally getting their say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you’re experiencing sexual harassment or assault, you can call the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rainn.org/about-national-sexual-assault-telephone-hotline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Sexual Assault Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-656-HOPE (4673). The call is free and anything you share is confidential. A trained staff member will help you find local resources like counseling and support groups, and will answer questions about medical concerns. You can also get information about local harassment laws.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/438526/why-sexual-harassment-victims-often-cant-just-get-over-it","authors":["11229"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1453","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_1421","futureofyou_1312"],"featImg":"futureofyou_438596","label":"source_futureofyou_438526"},"futureofyou_437968":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_437968","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"437968","score":null,"sort":[1514019678000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"feel-in-danger-on-a-date-these-apps-could-help-you-stay-safe","title":"Feel In Danger On A Date? These Apps Could Help You Stay Safe","publishDate":1514019678,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Say you're on a Tinder date and the situation turns weird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're thinking, I need to get out, I no longer feel safe,\" says Celine Guedj, a senior at the University of New Hampshire in Durham. She's role-playing the use of a new app, \u003ca href=\"https://usafeus.org/\">uSafeUS\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's when you open the app,\" Guedj explains. One feature called Time to Leave is designed to give you a quick out. \"You get a fake call\" or text, Guedj says. It sounds like it's your mom or your roommate interrupting you with an urgent request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several preprogrammed \"interruption messages\" such as, \"Hey, I'm locked out, can you come let me in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'What the students have told us over and over is that they really want a discreet way to take themselves out of a situation, or help a friend.'\u003ccite>Sharyn Potter, sociology professor, University of New Hampshire\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It seems real,\" Guedj says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another feature, called Expect Me, will alert a friend if you don't show up to a destination when you're expected. And, one more, called Angel Drink, is a quick way to signal to a bartender or server that you want help to exit a situation or separate yourself from a person who is making you feel uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why the ruse? Why wouldn't you just bolt or walk out of a situation at the first instinct of potential trouble or bad vibe?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What the students have told us over and over is that they really want a discreet way to take themselves out of a situation, or help a friend,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://cola.unh.edu/faculty-member/sharyn-potter\">Sharyn Potter\u003c/a>, a sociology professor at University of New Hampshire who directs research on sexual violence prevention. She helped develop the app with a team of students, designers and a retired state trooper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potter says students often don't want to make a scene or they may feel intimidated. \"They're not ready to ... directly call somebody out. They want to do it subtly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"jlo1DGhfkrSnsjmvcJh75cg88gwAdLQY\"]The uSafeUS app is free for everyone to download. However, only colleges and institutions that license the app can customize the content to connect users to local resources and support, such as counseling and local law enforcement. The customized app is available for students, faculty, staff, parents/guardians, community members and alumni of universities to use. In addition, the app includes step-by-step information and guidance about what to do in the aftermath of a sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app was piloted on New Hampshire campuses last year and was launched nationally this fall., and beginning in January the team behind the uSafeUS app will be reaching out to campus leaders and high schools around the country to spread the word about the platform. The effort is being funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, advocates say that even the best app can't replace human interaction – or help from a person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In theory, apps like this sound like a good idea,\" says Sabrina Sugano, a student at Cornell University who is co-president of \u003ca href=\"http://cornellconsented.strikingly.com/i/construction\">Consent Ed\u003c/a>, a peer-to-peer education program. She's never used safety apps like this one, but says she can see how they could be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"5suwNTnCjxXNU76jd48N4F1wTb8oTYo0\"]\"We have a big emphasis on bystander intervention,\" Sugano says. \"We talk a lot about ways [students] can intervene, say, in a party situation\" to help someone who appears to be in an uncomfortable situation. If the app can help aid this bystander approach, Sugano says this could be beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she has hesitations, too. Safety apps are just one tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We shouldn't rely completely on them, because we should be able to have our peers acting as a community to help us.\" Sugano says. She says human interactions are important, especially since someone who's been drinking at a campus party and becomes incapacitated might not have the clarity of mind or the ability to launch an app if they're in an unsafe situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first effort to create tools to help people protect themselves against sexual aggression or assault. Existing safety apps such as \u003ca href=\"https://getbsafe.com/\">bSafe\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.circleof6app.com/\">Circleof6\u003c/a> are getting a second look in workplaces, communities and on military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Circleof6, which won the Obama administration's \"\u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2011/11/01/announcing-winners-apps-against-abuse-technology-challenge\">Apps Against Abuse\u003c/a>\" technology challenge back in 2011, was originally designed for college students. Now, it's marketed as a safety app \"for everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Circleof6 was designed, really mirroring what friends, especially women, have always done for each other,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.circleof6app.com/about/#member1\">Nancy Schwartzman\u003c/a>, chief executive officer of Tech 4 Good, LLC the company behind the app. \" 'Where are you going to be, check in with me later, call me if you need me,' we say to our friends. We just brought this to the mobile context,\" Schwartzman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Users pick up to six friends to join their circle. Features include Come Get Me, which sends a text to your circle of friends with your exact location using GPS coordinates. Another option, Call Me, sends a text to your circle that says. \"Call and pretend you need me. I need an interruption.\" The app also connects users to national hotlines and has helpful links to information about sexuality, relationships and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartzman acknowledges that sexual assault is a complex problem. \"Apps can't solve it,\" she says. But her hope is that the technology can help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Feel+In+Danger+On+A+Date%3F+These+Apps+Could+Help+You+Stay+Safe&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Safety apps are designed to help women ease out of a dating situation that seems uncomfortable or dangerous. But experts say it's also important to help friends in real life.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1514352344,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":917},"headData":{"title":"Feel In Danger On A Date? These Apps Could Help You Stay Safe | KQED","description":"Safety apps are designed to help women ease out of a dating situation that seems uncomfortable or dangerous. But experts say it's also important to help friends in real life.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"437968 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=437968","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/12/23/feel-in-danger-on-a-date-these-apps-could-help-you-stay-safe/","disqusTitle":"Feel In Danger On A Date? These Apps Could Help You Stay Safe","nprByline":"Allison Aubrey\u003cbr />NPR Shots","nprImageAgency":"Maria Fabrizio for NPR","nprStoryId":"571086219","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=571086219&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/12/18/571086219/on-a-bad-date-these-apps-could-help-you-stay-safe?ft=nprml&f=571086219","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 19 Dec 2017 11:40:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 18 Dec 2017 04:48:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 20 Dec 2017 13:39:10 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2017/12/20171218_me_on_a_bad_date_these_apps_could_help_you_stay_safe.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=272&p=3&story=571086219&ft=nprml&f=571086219","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1571579703-acd426.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=272&p=3&story=571086219&ft=nprml&f=571086219","path":"/futureofyou/437968/feel-in-danger-on-a-date-these-apps-could-help-you-stay-safe","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2017/12/20171218_me_on_a_bad_date_these_apps_could_help_you_stay_safe.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=272&p=3&story=571086219&ft=nprml&f=571086219","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Say you're on a Tinder date and the situation turns weird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're thinking, I need to get out, I no longer feel safe,\" says Celine Guedj, a senior at the University of New Hampshire in Durham. She's role-playing the use of a new app, \u003ca href=\"https://usafeus.org/\">uSafeUS\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's when you open the app,\" Guedj explains. One feature called Time to Leave is designed to give you a quick out. \"You get a fake call\" or text, Guedj says. It sounds like it's your mom or your roommate interrupting you with an urgent request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several preprogrammed \"interruption messages\" such as, \"Hey, I'm locked out, can you come let me in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'What the students have told us over and over is that they really want a discreet way to take themselves out of a situation, or help a friend.'\u003ccite>Sharyn Potter, sociology professor, University of New Hampshire\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It seems real,\" Guedj says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another feature, called Expect Me, will alert a friend if you don't show up to a destination when you're expected. And, one more, called Angel Drink, is a quick way to signal to a bartender or server that you want help to exit a situation or separate yourself from a person who is making you feel uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why the ruse? Why wouldn't you just bolt or walk out of a situation at the first instinct of potential trouble or bad vibe?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What the students have told us over and over is that they really want a discreet way to take themselves out of a situation, or help a friend,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://cola.unh.edu/faculty-member/sharyn-potter\">Sharyn Potter\u003c/a>, a sociology professor at University of New Hampshire who directs research on sexual violence prevention. She helped develop the app with a team of students, designers and a retired state trooper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potter says students often don't want to make a scene or they may feel intimidated. \"They're not ready to ... directly call somebody out. They want to do it subtly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The uSafeUS app is free for everyone to download. However, only colleges and institutions that license the app can customize the content to connect users to local resources and support, such as counseling and local law enforcement. The customized app is available for students, faculty, staff, parents/guardians, community members and alumni of universities to use. In addition, the app includes step-by-step information and guidance about what to do in the aftermath of a sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app was piloted on New Hampshire campuses last year and was launched nationally this fall., and beginning in January the team behind the uSafeUS app will be reaching out to campus leaders and high schools around the country to spread the word about the platform. The effort is being funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, advocates say that even the best app can't replace human interaction – or help from a person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In theory, apps like this sound like a good idea,\" says Sabrina Sugano, a student at Cornell University who is co-president of \u003ca href=\"http://cornellconsented.strikingly.com/i/construction\">Consent Ed\u003c/a>, a peer-to-peer education program. She's never used safety apps like this one, but says she can see how they could be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"We have a big emphasis on bystander intervention,\" Sugano says. \"We talk a lot about ways [students] can intervene, say, in a party situation\" to help someone who appears to be in an uncomfortable situation. If the app can help aid this bystander approach, Sugano says this could be beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she has hesitations, too. Safety apps are just one tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We shouldn't rely completely on them, because we should be able to have our peers acting as a community to help us.\" Sugano says. She says human interactions are important, especially since someone who's been drinking at a campus party and becomes incapacitated might not have the clarity of mind or the ability to launch an app if they're in an unsafe situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first effort to create tools to help people protect themselves against sexual aggression or assault. Existing safety apps such as \u003ca href=\"https://getbsafe.com/\">bSafe\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.circleof6app.com/\">Circleof6\u003c/a> are getting a second look in workplaces, communities and on military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Circleof6, which won the Obama administration's \"\u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2011/11/01/announcing-winners-apps-against-abuse-technology-challenge\">Apps Against Abuse\u003c/a>\" technology challenge back in 2011, was originally designed for college students. Now, it's marketed as a safety app \"for everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Circleof6 was designed, really mirroring what friends, especially women, have always done for each other,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.circleof6app.com/about/#member1\">Nancy Schwartzman\u003c/a>, chief executive officer of Tech 4 Good, LLC the company behind the app. \" 'Where are you going to be, check in with me later, call me if you need me,' we say to our friends. We just brought this to the mobile context,\" Schwartzman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Users pick up to six friends to join their circle. Features include Come Get Me, which sends a text to your circle of friends with your exact location using GPS coordinates. Another option, Call Me, sends a text to your circle that says. \"Call and pretend you need me. I need an interruption.\" The app also connects users to national hotlines and has helpful links to information about sexuality, relationships and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartzman acknowledges that sexual assault is a complex problem. \"Apps can't solve it,\" she says. But her hope is that the technology can help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Feel+In+Danger+On+A+Date%3F+These+Apps+Could+Help+You+Stay+Safe&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/437968/feel-in-danger-on-a-date-these-apps-could-help-you-stay-safe","authors":["byline_futureofyou_437968"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_542","futureofyou_450","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_1312"],"featImg":"futureofyou_437969","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_437901":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_437901","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"437901","score":null,"sort":[1513875809000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"metoo-doctor-who-treats-victims-of-sexual-abuse-struggles-to-absorb-patients-pain","title":"#MeToo: Doctor Who Treats Victims of Sexual Abuse Struggles to Absorb Patients' Pain","publishDate":1513875809,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>On a recent shift in in the emergency department, I evaluated a young woman who had been raped a few summers ago. The shift before that, I’d met with a teenager who had been sexually abused by her father. And just before meeting her I had tended to a middle-schooler who had been sexually assaulted at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These three women came to the hospital for variety of reasons — they struggled with issues ranging from truancy to substance abuse to thoughts of suicide. Part of my job as a psychiatry resident is to explore the stressors that influence suffering. More often than not, I find those stressors stem from sexual violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m learning that for my patients, sexual violence is an abnormal commonality: It happens to almost everyone, even though it should happen to no one.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The task of tending to sexual trauma is ever-present, and sometimes feels suffocating. I am reminded of my own experiences, and I recognize with each shift how pervasive — and persistent — this type of predatory behavior is.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The #MeToo movement has been a powerful reckoning of the damage of unwanted sexual behavior. It’s given a voice to an incredible amount of pain, and freed some women of the burdens they have borne for years. With the Time Person of the Year Award going to the Silence Breakers, the movement seems to have hit a peak of cultural awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the halls of my hospital, and in my day-to-day work as a second-year resident, the task of tending to sexual trauma is ever-present, and sometimes feels suffocating. I am angry on behalf of the women in my care. I am reminded of my own experiences, and I recognize with each shift how pervasive — and persistent — this type of predatory behavior is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As patients relay the details of these violent encounters, it’s hard not to internalize their horror stories. I feel impotent in my ability to make the world a less hostile place to live, and on some days I just feel incompetent because it’s so hard to keep absorbing these stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intersection of the rise of #MeToo and my growing responsibilities in medicine are forcing me to confront the lingering pain of my own experiences. I also recognize that I may be experiencing secondary trauma, and that it might impact the care I give my patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While I was treating the young woman who had been assaulted by her father, I gave her room to share her story. She didn’t reveal much. I was secretly relieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Is it better to be sensitive or better to be detached?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Later, while presenting information about this patient to my attending, I couldn’t answer some of her questions about my patient’s abuse. I had convinced myself I was being compassionate by not forcing the patient to relive her trauma, but really, I was hiding behind her silence to not have to absorb another harrowing story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I reported what I could to the Department of Children and Families, while telling myself that the next time, I would do better. But, the whole experience was disheartening because I didn’t know if I could actually be better about managing my emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve been trying for a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I remember standing over an incubator in the neonatal intensive care unit, afraid to examine the tiny baby girl inside. Born out of incest and rape, she barely weighed 4 pounds. I was a medical student, tending to the outcome of the physical impact of sexual violence, but I didn’t know what to do with all the pain this little baby embodied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I couldn’t bring myself to touch her. She wasn’t crying, and I used that as an excuse to distance myself from her story of sexual violence. I didn’t know how to help her. I decided in that moment that it would be better if neither of us started crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, is it better to be sensitive or better to be detached? I’ve \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/10/19/kidney-stone-medicine/\">written before\u003c/a> about the numbing effect of medical training. We learn to distance ourselves from our patients’ pain and practice detached concern so that we can do our jobs and focus on the problems at hand without freaking out. As physicians, we must work to hold onto our empathy — the capacity to put ourselves in our patient’s shoes and share in their experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, I doubt I will ever be able to hear a patient’s story of sexual violence and not be angered, not be revolted. Too many of us are intimately familiar with this misogynistic and metastatic cruelty, and I’d never considered what it would be like when we actually do share in those experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was a little girl, I took tennis lessons. One summer, before fifth grade, when I was 9, the instructor said sexually explicit things to me. At the time, I didn’t understand why he said these things to me. Yet I knew enough to be ashamed, to feel compromised. I never reported him. I quit tennis instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wasn’t the first — or the last — experience I remember when I think about #MeToo. But it’s the only one I feel safe enough to write about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"JLHugSZUKIVVE8gXX4IbdyVIlukTf9dL\"]To be a woman in this world is to be vulnerable. I know my patients’ struggles, even when I don’t know the damning details. But, if I want to treat them well, as a female physician, subject to the very same societal forces, I need to figure out how to manage those details, and their impact on my well-being. Otherwise, self-preservation will not allow me to serve my patients in the way they deserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/unwanted-sexual-advances-hollywood-weinstein-story-poll/story?id=50521721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news poll\u003c/a> found that 1 in 2 women surveyed said they had been sexually harassed. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that 1 in 5 women have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/SV-DataSheet-a.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">raped\u003c/a> in their lifetimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I need to find, for myself and my patients, that way to bolster strength in lifetimes of vulnerability and that way to find dignity in oceans of shame. Then, I need to help them believe, as I work on this with myself, in their value as women —that they have a right to be heard and a right to be understood, and a right to heal, if that is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first, I have to deal with my grief that sexual trauma ever happens to us, at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been changed to reflect that the statistic from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates past experience.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/18/metoo-patients-trauma/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The intersection of the rise of #MeToo and my growing responsibilities in medicine are forcing me to confront the lingering pain of my own experiences.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1513882343,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1178},"headData":{"title":"#MeToo: Doctor Who Treats Victims of Sexual Abuse Struggles to Absorb Patients' Pain | KQED","description":"The intersection of the rise of #MeToo and my growing responsibilities in medicine are forcing me to confront the lingering pain of my own experiences.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"437901 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=437901","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/12/21/metoo-doctor-who-treats-victims-of-sexual-abuse-struggles-to-absorb-patients-pain/","disqusTitle":"#MeToo: Doctor Who Treats Victims of Sexual Abuse Struggles to Absorb Patients' Pain","nprByline":"Jennifer Adaeze Okwerekwu\u003c/br>STAT News","path":"/futureofyou/437901/metoo-doctor-who-treats-victims-of-sexual-abuse-struggles-to-absorb-patients-pain","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a recent shift in in the emergency department, I evaluated a young woman who had been raped a few summers ago. The shift before that, I’d met with a teenager who had been sexually abused by her father. And just before meeting her I had tended to a middle-schooler who had been sexually assaulted at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These three women came to the hospital for variety of reasons — they struggled with issues ranging from truancy to substance abuse to thoughts of suicide. Part of my job as a psychiatry resident is to explore the stressors that influence suffering. More often than not, I find those stressors stem from sexual violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m learning that for my patients, sexual violence is an abnormal commonality: It happens to almost everyone, even though it should happen to no one.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The task of tending to sexual trauma is ever-present, and sometimes feels suffocating. I am reminded of my own experiences, and I recognize with each shift how pervasive — and persistent — this type of predatory behavior is.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The #MeToo movement has been a powerful reckoning of the damage of unwanted sexual behavior. It’s given a voice to an incredible amount of pain, and freed some women of the burdens they have borne for years. With the Time Person of the Year Award going to the Silence Breakers, the movement seems to have hit a peak of cultural awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the halls of my hospital, and in my day-to-day work as a second-year resident, the task of tending to sexual trauma is ever-present, and sometimes feels suffocating. I am angry on behalf of the women in my care. I am reminded of my own experiences, and I recognize with each shift how pervasive — and persistent — this type of predatory behavior is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As patients relay the details of these violent encounters, it’s hard not to internalize their horror stories. I feel impotent in my ability to make the world a less hostile place to live, and on some days I just feel incompetent because it’s so hard to keep absorbing these stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intersection of the rise of #MeToo and my growing responsibilities in medicine are forcing me to confront the lingering pain of my own experiences. I also recognize that I may be experiencing secondary trauma, and that it might impact the care I give my patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While I was treating the young woman who had been assaulted by her father, I gave her room to share her story. She didn’t reveal much. I was secretly relieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Is it better to be sensitive or better to be detached?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Later, while presenting information about this patient to my attending, I couldn’t answer some of her questions about my patient’s abuse. I had convinced myself I was being compassionate by not forcing the patient to relive her trauma, but really, I was hiding behind her silence to not have to absorb another harrowing story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I reported what I could to the Department of Children and Families, while telling myself that the next time, I would do better. But, the whole experience was disheartening because I didn’t know if I could actually be better about managing my emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve been trying for a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I remember standing over an incubator in the neonatal intensive care unit, afraid to examine the tiny baby girl inside. Born out of incest and rape, she barely weighed 4 pounds. I was a medical student, tending to the outcome of the physical impact of sexual violence, but I didn’t know what to do with all the pain this little baby embodied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I couldn’t bring myself to touch her. She wasn’t crying, and I used that as an excuse to distance myself from her story of sexual violence. I didn’t know how to help her. I decided in that moment that it would be better if neither of us started crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, is it better to be sensitive or better to be detached? I’ve \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/10/19/kidney-stone-medicine/\">written before\u003c/a> about the numbing effect of medical training. We learn to distance ourselves from our patients’ pain and practice detached concern so that we can do our jobs and focus on the problems at hand without freaking out. As physicians, we must work to hold onto our empathy — the capacity to put ourselves in our patient’s shoes and share in their experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, I doubt I will ever be able to hear a patient’s story of sexual violence and not be angered, not be revolted. Too many of us are intimately familiar with this misogynistic and metastatic cruelty, and I’d never considered what it would be like when we actually do share in those experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was a little girl, I took tennis lessons. One summer, before fifth grade, when I was 9, the instructor said sexually explicit things to me. At the time, I didn’t understand why he said these things to me. Yet I knew enough to be ashamed, to feel compromised. I never reported him. I quit tennis instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wasn’t the first — or the last — experience I remember when I think about #MeToo. But it’s the only one I feel safe enough to write about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>To be a woman in this world is to be vulnerable. I know my patients’ struggles, even when I don’t know the damning details. But, if I want to treat them well, as a female physician, subject to the very same societal forces, I need to figure out how to manage those details, and their impact on my well-being. Otherwise, self-preservation will not allow me to serve my patients in the way they deserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/unwanted-sexual-advances-hollywood-weinstein-story-poll/story?id=50521721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news poll\u003c/a> found that 1 in 2 women surveyed said they had been sexually harassed. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that 1 in 5 women have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/SV-DataSheet-a.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">raped\u003c/a> in their lifetimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I need to find, for myself and my patients, that way to bolster strength in lifetimes of vulnerability and that way to find dignity in oceans of shame. Then, I need to help them believe, as I work on this with myself, in their value as women —that they have a right to be heard and a right to be understood, and a right to heal, if that is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first, I have to deal with my grief that sexual trauma ever happens to us, at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been changed to reflect that the statistic from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates past experience.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/18/metoo-patients-trauma/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/437901/metoo-doctor-who-treats-victims-of-sexual-abuse-struggles-to-absorb-patients-pain","authors":["byline_futureofyou_437901"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_1421","futureofyou_1430","futureofyou_1429","futureofyou_1312","futureofyou_1420"],"featImg":"futureofyou_437906","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_437719":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_437719","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"437719","score":null,"sort":[1513296162000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"heres-what-a-backlash-against-metoo-might-look-like","title":"Here's What a Backlash Against #MeToo Might Look Like","publishDate":1513296162,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The flurry of #MeToo tales that followed the sexual assault accusations against Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein have propelled America into what appears to be a social revolution in the workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I mean this is something women have been experiencing for decades. And it’s part of the reason that so few victims come forward.'\u003ccite>Michele Dauber, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Accusations of verbal abuse, inappropriate groping and molestation have left many \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/sexual-misconduct/weinstein-here-s-growing-list-men-accused-sexual-misconduct-n816546\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high-profile men\u003c/a> apologetic and shame-faced, albeit \u003ca href=\"https://www.wmagazine.com/story/worst-apologies-by-men-harvey-weinstein-kevin-spacey-charlie-rose\">not always in a way\u003c/a> some women would like. And some cases have included allegations of rape, which none of the accused men has yet to confess to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this wrenching period of conflict between the sexes, when a Google News search on “\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=%22sexual+harassment%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sexual harassment\u003c/a>\" yields over 2 million-and-counting results, the national conversation has unfolded with a fair degree of civility and a general acknowledgment that the status quo is unacceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/12/McClurgMaleSpin.mp3\" Title=\"LISTEN: Here's What a Backlash Against #MeToo Might Look Like\" program=\"Future of You\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, feminist leaders and \u003ca href=\"http://theweek.com/articles/734903/sexual-assault-backlash-coming-heres-how-respond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commentators\u003c/a> have begun to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/27/opinions/sexual-harassment-assault-backlash-opinion-costello/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warn\u003c/a> that an attempt to change the current narrative is \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/interrogation/2017/11/rebecca_traister_on_the_coming_backlash_to_this_sexual_harassment_moment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inevitable\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-women-metoo-backlash/could-fear-of-metoo-backlash-silence-womens-voices-idUSKBN1E61Y3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">backlash \u003c/span>\u003c/a>is coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rumblings of discontent have already cropped up on Twitter. For example, here’s Swedish author and TV personality Alexander Bard:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-437699\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.00.37-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"575\" height=\"147\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.00.37-PM.png 575w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.00.37-PM-160x41.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.00.37-PM-240x61.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.00.37-PM-375x96.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.00.37-PM-520x133.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?f=tweets&q=lies%20sexual%20harassment&src=typd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are\u003c/a> plenty \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?f=tweets&vertical=default&q=false%20claims%20sexual%20harassment&src=typd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more\u003c/a> like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Familiar Tactics\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s be clear: As of yet, there are no public examples of “careers destroyed over merely saying a flattering comment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michele Dauber, a law professor at Stanford University, calls this sort of straw-woman accusation \"vile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's using some pretty standard strategies by calling women neurotic or that this is a gossip incident,\" says Dauber. \"This is just a way of undermining the credibility of women coming forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dauber says a random tweet may not do much harm, but it’s a different story when it comes from someone who wields power and influence. Many \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2017/12/12/trump-lows-ever-hit-rock-bottom-editorials-debates/945947001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commentators\u003c/a>, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenWarren/status/940615748988342273?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gq.com%2Fstory%2Felizabeth-warren-slut-shame-tweet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">political opponents\u003c/a>, have interpreted a recent tweet by President Trump about Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand as a clear case of “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slut-shaming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">slut-shaming\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-437702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.14.41-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.14.41-PM.png 590w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.14.41-PM-160x41.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.14.41-PM-240x62.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.14.41-PM-375x97.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.14.41-PM-520x135.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s much more worrying when you see the president of the United States using a similar strategy,” Dauber says. (The administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/12/sarah-sanders-trump-gillibrand-tweet-292732\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">denies\u003c/a> Trump was making a sexual reference.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Typical Ploys to Silence Victims\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists like Jennifer Freyd, a professor at the University of Oregon, have studied the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10926771.2017.1320777\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">strategies\u003c/a> used to discredit victims of sexual harassment. Usually the first tactic is simple denial, which is followed by attacks, which can take the form of \u003ca href=\"https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Gaslighting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gaslighting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re a liar. You’re crazy. You’re not a reliable person,\" Freyd says. \"You have some ulterior motive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"UL0lZereojRxEqLTwQV78idjCtbFoVy9\"]The last step taken by perpetrators or those defending them is trying to make victims feel guilty: “ 'You are hurting my reputation. You’re destroying me.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dauber says she’s watched predators twist the story time and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean this is something women have been experiencing for decades,\" she says. \"And it’s part of the reason that so few victims come forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Anita Hill's Story\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freyd says some of the most obvious public examples of these tactics were evident in the U.S. Senate confirmation hearings for Clarence Thomas as Supreme Court justice, in 1991. Thomas’ former colleague, Anita Hill, accused him of making unwelcome sexual comments. Republican senators, as well as witnesses in support of Thomas, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/14/us/thomas-nomination-parade-witnesses-support-hill-s-story-thomas-s-integrity.html?pagewanted=all\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">raised the possibility\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that Hill was prone to fantasizing about her relationships with men. Here's a clip of someone who knew Hill and had been a classmate of Thomas, stating he believes she expressed an unrequited romantic interest in him:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"//www.c-span.org/video/standalone/?c4699492\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas denied any wrongdoing and was confirmed by the Senate 52-48.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freyd believes Hill was telling the truth. \"It is hard to imagine someone being more credible in that situation. And yet the [attack] seemed effective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Anticipating Tactics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After watching Hill's ordeal, Freyd created the acronym\u003ca href=\"http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/defineDARVO.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> DARVO, \u003c/a>for \"Deny, Attack, Reverse Victim to Offender,\" to help victims remember and anticipate the tactics of predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My hope is that if we can identify the behavior pattern and call it out, [then] we can make it less disorienting and confusing -- we can defang it some,\" she said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet people should also be careful not to assume someone accused of sexual misconduct is guilty just because he is using DARVO tactics, she cautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A truly innocent person may deny an accusation, attack the person making the accusation, or claim the victim role,” she writes on her website. “Future research may be able to determine the probability of a DARVO response as a function of guilt or innocence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A look at the psychological strategies that may be used to silence victims of sexual harassment.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1539126207,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":828},"headData":{"title":"Here's What a Backlash Against #MeToo Might Look Like | KQED","description":"A look at the psychological strategies that may be used to silence victims of sexual harassment.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"437719 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=437719","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/12/14/heres-what-a-backlash-against-metoo-might-look-like/","disqusTitle":"Here's What a Backlash Against #MeToo Might Look Like","source":"KQED Future of You","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/12/McClurgMaleSpin.mp3","audioTrackLength":194,"path":"/futureofyou/437719/heres-what-a-backlash-against-metoo-might-look-like","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The flurry of #MeToo tales that followed the sexual assault accusations against Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein have propelled America into what appears to be a social revolution in the workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I mean this is something women have been experiencing for decades. And it’s part of the reason that so few victims come forward.'\u003ccite>Michele Dauber, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Accusations of verbal abuse, inappropriate groping and molestation have left many \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/sexual-misconduct/weinstein-here-s-growing-list-men-accused-sexual-misconduct-n816546\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high-profile men\u003c/a> apologetic and shame-faced, albeit \u003ca href=\"https://www.wmagazine.com/story/worst-apologies-by-men-harvey-weinstein-kevin-spacey-charlie-rose\">not always in a way\u003c/a> some women would like. And some cases have included allegations of rape, which none of the accused men has yet to confess to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite this wrenching period of conflict between the sexes, when a Google News search on “\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=%22sexual+harassment%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sexual harassment\u003c/a>\" yields over 2 million-and-counting results, the national conversation has unfolded with a fair degree of civility and a general acknowledgment that the status quo is unacceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/12/McClurgMaleSpin.mp3","title":"LISTEN: Here's What a Backlash Against #MeToo Might Look Like","program":"Future of You","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, feminist leaders and \u003ca href=\"http://theweek.com/articles/734903/sexual-assault-backlash-coming-heres-how-respond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commentators\u003c/a> have begun to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/27/opinions/sexual-harassment-assault-backlash-opinion-costello/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warn\u003c/a> that an attempt to change the current narrative is \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/interrogation/2017/11/rebecca_traister_on_the_coming_backlash_to_this_sexual_harassment_moment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inevitable\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-women-metoo-backlash/could-fear-of-metoo-backlash-silence-womens-voices-idUSKBN1E61Y3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">backlash \u003c/span>\u003c/a>is coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rumblings of discontent have already cropped up on Twitter. For example, here’s Swedish author and TV personality Alexander Bard:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-437699\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.00.37-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"575\" height=\"147\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.00.37-PM.png 575w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.00.37-PM-160x41.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.00.37-PM-240x61.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.00.37-PM-375x96.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.00.37-PM-520x133.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?f=tweets&q=lies%20sexual%20harassment&src=typd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are\u003c/a> plenty \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?f=tweets&vertical=default&q=false%20claims%20sexual%20harassment&src=typd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more\u003c/a> like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Familiar Tactics\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s be clear: As of yet, there are no public examples of “careers destroyed over merely saying a flattering comment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michele Dauber, a law professor at Stanford University, calls this sort of straw-woman accusation \"vile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's using some pretty standard strategies by calling women neurotic or that this is a gossip incident,\" says Dauber. \"This is just a way of undermining the credibility of women coming forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dauber says a random tweet may not do much harm, but it’s a different story when it comes from someone who wields power and influence. Many \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2017/12/12/trump-lows-ever-hit-rock-bottom-editorials-debates/945947001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commentators\u003c/a>, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenWarren/status/940615748988342273?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gq.com%2Fstory%2Felizabeth-warren-slut-shame-tweet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">political opponents\u003c/a>, have interpreted a recent tweet by President Trump about Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand as a clear case of “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slut-shaming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">slut-shaming\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-437702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.14.41-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.14.41-PM.png 590w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.14.41-PM-160x41.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.14.41-PM-240x62.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.14.41-PM-375x97.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-13-at-5.14.41-PM-520x135.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s much more worrying when you see the president of the United States using a similar strategy,” Dauber says. (The administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/12/sarah-sanders-trump-gillibrand-tweet-292732\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">denies\u003c/a> Trump was making a sexual reference.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Typical Ploys to Silence Victims\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists like Jennifer Freyd, a professor at the University of Oregon, have studied the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10926771.2017.1320777\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">strategies\u003c/a> used to discredit victims of sexual harassment. Usually the first tactic is simple denial, which is followed by attacks, which can take the form of \u003ca href=\"https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Gaslighting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gaslighting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re a liar. You’re crazy. You’re not a reliable person,\" Freyd says. \"You have some ulterior motive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The last step taken by perpetrators or those defending them is trying to make victims feel guilty: “ 'You are hurting my reputation. You’re destroying me.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dauber says she’s watched predators twist the story time and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean this is something women have been experiencing for decades,\" she says. \"And it’s part of the reason that so few victims come forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Anita Hill's Story\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freyd says some of the most obvious public examples of these tactics were evident in the U.S. Senate confirmation hearings for Clarence Thomas as Supreme Court justice, in 1991. Thomas’ former colleague, Anita Hill, accused him of making unwelcome sexual comments. Republican senators, as well as witnesses in support of Thomas, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/14/us/thomas-nomination-parade-witnesses-support-hill-s-story-thomas-s-integrity.html?pagewanted=all\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">raised the possibility\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that Hill was prone to fantasizing about her relationships with men. Here's a clip of someone who knew Hill and had been a classmate of Thomas, stating he believes she expressed an unrequited romantic interest in him:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"//www.c-span.org/video/standalone/?c4699492\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas denied any wrongdoing and was confirmed by the Senate 52-48.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freyd believes Hill was telling the truth. \"It is hard to imagine someone being more credible in that situation. And yet the [attack] seemed effective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Anticipating Tactics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After watching Hill's ordeal, Freyd created the acronym\u003ca href=\"http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/defineDARVO.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> DARVO, \u003c/a>for \"Deny, Attack, Reverse Victim to Offender,\" to help victims remember and anticipate the tactics of predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My hope is that if we can identify the behavior pattern and call it out, [then] we can make it less disorienting and confusing -- we can defang it some,\" she said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet people should also be careful not to assume someone accused of sexual misconduct is guilty just because he is using DARVO tactics, she cautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A truly innocent person may deny an accusation, attack the person making the accusation, or claim the victim role,” she writes on her website. “Future research may be able to determine the probability of a DARVO response as a function of guilt or innocence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/437719/heres-what-a-backlash-against-metoo-might-look-like","authors":["11229"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1422","futureofyou_1421","futureofyou_1312","futureofyou_1420"],"featImg":"futureofyou_437732","label":"source_futureofyou_437719"},"futureofyou_437678":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_437678","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"437678","score":null,"sort":[1513191456000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sexual-harassment-allegations-part-revolt-against-hierarchy-in-workplace-experts","title":"Sexual Harassment Allegations Part Revolt Against Workplace Hierarchy: Experts","publishDate":1513191456,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>The long and growing list of high-profile men losing their jobs amid sexual-harassment allegations speaks to a big cultural sea change. But is that shift driven by generational differences in how sexual harassment is viewed, or by bigger changes in the workplace?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Younger workers today expect the power dynamic at work to be more egalitarian, with less top-down management.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Seattle executive consultant Kim Arellano has taught classes on generational differences, and says sexual harassment makes for the liveliest discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically baby boomer women — some of whose careers predate the 1964 civil rights laws barring sex discrimination — say they \"just put up with it,\" Arellano says. \"Smiled, giggled, and just moved on and tried to get your work done and avoid any embarrassing situations because the only other recourse was to leave.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their daughters — members of Generation X — were taught the rules and regulations governing sexual harassment, but seldom used them to report problems, Arellano says. At 47, she includes herself in that cohort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That stands in contrast to the youngest workers today. Arellano recalls the horrified reaction of a young, 20-something listening to the older women: \"She crossed her arms and she says, 'I cannot believe that any of you would put up with that in the workplace.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dozens of recent high-profile cases, including among male executives at NPR, prompted Arellano to rethink those conversations and wonder: Are the swift dismissals happening at institutions today a result of a shift in generational thinking?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's little academic research on the subject of generational attitudes and sexual harassment. But Arellano says she suspects the change isn't that younger women today perceive sexual harassment differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, it's that younger workers today expect the power dynamic at work to be more egalitarian, with less top-down management. And that is changing the dynamic for all workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The newest generation looks at the work environment really as a partnership, and engage differently as opposed to the hierarchical structures that we've been so used to in the past, really is an evolution of the workplace,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, many experts agree on this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phyllis Hartman, a human resource consultant near Pittsburgh in her late 60s, says that early in her career, hierarchy was closely intertwined with gender politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was coming up, men were worried about women taking their jobs, and so it was like, 'Well, we're not gonna let them tell us what to do; we're just gonna behave the way we've always behaved,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could a woman alleging harassment back then have been able to demand her harasser be fired? Hartman says she didn't believe that was an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says one big difference now is that more workers these days — both women and men — don't feel beholden to their employer; they expect to move up, or they'll move out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And so the expectations ... are different than both men and women in my generation, where people were given to believe that you had to work your way up and you had to play the game,\" Hartman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, a women's job review website called Fairygodboss released \u003ca href=\"https://fairygodboss.com/research/sexual-harassment-2017\">a survey\u003c/a> on sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site's founder, Georgene Huang, says the most disturbing finding is that — despite what news reports about top executives might suggest — women are more often sexually harassed by their peers (57 percent) than by their bosses (about 36 percent). And the harassers are predominantly men under the age of 40.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, Huang says, underscores how pervasive the problem remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 37, Huang considers herself an older millennial, and would like to think her generation is less tolerant of harassment. But as a young intern on Capitol Hill, she says she and her colleagues stayed silent about rampant sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that we openly talked about that as a class of interns, and didn't really think to do anything or to complain,\" she says, has been a common experience shared by all generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the breaking of the silence that's changed, says Elizabeth McLeod, a 24-year-old workplace consultant in Atlanta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know if it's as much a generational difference as it is how technology has impacted the conversation around sexual harassment,\" she says. \"Now there's this constant conversation about it online. So it's much less isolating, which kind of brings it to everyone's attention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees women her own age and her mother's age breaking their silence — all at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rising conversation has given voice to a lot of experiences that were just pushed beneath the surface for 20, 30 years,\" McLeod says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Are+There+Generational+Differences+When+It+Comes+To+Sexual+Harassment+At+Work%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Is the shift in dealing with sexual harassment driven by differences in how the generations perceive the issue — or is it indicative of a shift in how we think about work?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1513267788,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":810},"headData":{"title":"Sexual Harassment Allegations Part Revolt Against Workplace Hierarchy: Experts | KQED","description":"Is the shift in dealing with sexual harassment driven by differences in how the generations perceive the issue — or is it indicative of a shift in how we think about work?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"437678 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=437678","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/12/13/sexual-harassment-allegations-part-revolt-against-hierarchy-in-workplace-experts/","disqusTitle":"Sexual Harassment Allegations Part Revolt Against Workplace Hierarchy: Experts","nprImageCredit":"andresr","nprByline":"Yuki Noguchi\u003cbr />NPR All Things Considered","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"569181017","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=569181017&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/12/569181017/are-there-generational-differences-when-it-comes-to-sexual-harassment-at-work?ft=nprml&f=569181017","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 12 Dec 2017 21:10:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 12 Dec 2017 16:12:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 12 Dec 2017 18:32:58 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/12/20171212_atc_are_there_generational_differences_when_it_comes_to_sexual_harassment_at_work.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1006&d=272&p=2&story=569181017&ft=nprml&f=569181017","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1570248871-ffff06.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1006&d=272&p=2&story=569181017&ft=nprml&f=569181017","path":"/futureofyou/437678/sexual-harassment-allegations-part-revolt-against-hierarchy-in-workplace-experts","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/12/20171212_atc_are_there_generational_differences_when_it_comes_to_sexual_harassment_at_work.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1006&d=272&p=2&story=569181017&ft=nprml&f=569181017","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The long and growing list of high-profile men losing their jobs amid sexual-harassment allegations speaks to a big cultural sea change. But is that shift driven by generational differences in how sexual harassment is viewed, or by bigger changes in the workplace?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Younger workers today expect the power dynamic at work to be more egalitarian, with less top-down management.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Seattle executive consultant Kim Arellano has taught classes on generational differences, and says sexual harassment makes for the liveliest discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically baby boomer women — some of whose careers predate the 1964 civil rights laws barring sex discrimination — say they \"just put up with it,\" Arellano says. \"Smiled, giggled, and just moved on and tried to get your work done and avoid any embarrassing situations because the only other recourse was to leave.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their daughters — members of Generation X — were taught the rules and regulations governing sexual harassment, but seldom used them to report problems, Arellano says. At 47, she includes herself in that cohort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That stands in contrast to the youngest workers today. Arellano recalls the horrified reaction of a young, 20-something listening to the older women: \"She crossed her arms and she says, 'I cannot believe that any of you would put up with that in the workplace.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dozens of recent high-profile cases, including among male executives at NPR, prompted Arellano to rethink those conversations and wonder: Are the swift dismissals happening at institutions today a result of a shift in generational thinking?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's little academic research on the subject of generational attitudes and sexual harassment. But Arellano says she suspects the change isn't that younger women today perceive sexual harassment differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, it's that younger workers today expect the power dynamic at work to be more egalitarian, with less top-down management. And that is changing the dynamic for all workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The newest generation looks at the work environment really as a partnership, and engage differently as opposed to the hierarchical structures that we've been so used to in the past, really is an evolution of the workplace,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, many experts agree on this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phyllis Hartman, a human resource consultant near Pittsburgh in her late 60s, says that early in her career, hierarchy was closely intertwined with gender politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was coming up, men were worried about women taking their jobs, and so it was like, 'Well, we're not gonna let them tell us what to do; we're just gonna behave the way we've always behaved,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could a woman alleging harassment back then have been able to demand her harasser be fired? Hartman says she didn't believe that was an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says one big difference now is that more workers these days — both women and men — don't feel beholden to their employer; they expect to move up, or they'll move out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And so the expectations ... are different than both men and women in my generation, where people were given to believe that you had to work your way up and you had to play the game,\" Hartman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, a women's job review website called Fairygodboss released \u003ca href=\"https://fairygodboss.com/research/sexual-harassment-2017\">a survey\u003c/a> on sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site's founder, Georgene Huang, says the most disturbing finding is that — despite what news reports about top executives might suggest — women are more often sexually harassed by their peers (57 percent) than by their bosses (about 36 percent). And the harassers are predominantly men under the age of 40.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, Huang says, underscores how pervasive the problem remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 37, Huang considers herself an older millennial, and would like to think her generation is less tolerant of harassment. But as a young intern on Capitol Hill, she says she and her colleagues stayed silent about rampant sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that we openly talked about that as a class of interns, and didn't really think to do anything or to complain,\" she says, has been a common experience shared by all generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the breaking of the silence that's changed, says Elizabeth McLeod, a 24-year-old workplace consultant in Atlanta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know if it's as much a generational difference as it is how technology has impacted the conversation around sexual harassment,\" she says. \"Now there's this constant conversation about it online. So it's much less isolating, which kind of brings it to everyone's attention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees women her own age and her mother's age breaking their silence — all at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rising conversation has given voice to a lot of experiences that were just pushed beneath the surface for 20, 30 years,\" McLeod says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Are+There+Generational+Differences+When+It+Comes+To+Sexual+Harassment+At+Work%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/437678/sexual-harassment-allegations-part-revolt-against-hierarchy-in-workplace-experts","authors":["byline_futureofyou_437678"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1312"],"featImg":"futureofyou_437679","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_411027":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_411027","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"411027","score":null,"sort":[1498249162000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-do-men-harass-women-on-the-streets-findings-from-middle-east","title":"Why Do Men Harass Women on the Streets? Findings From Middle East","publishDate":1498249162,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Esraa Yousria Saleh was walking down El Hussein, a busy street in downtown Cairo famous for its souvenirs and tchotchkes, when a man in his early 20s made eye contact with her. He followed her, circled her, then suddenly — she felt a hot breath in her ear:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would like to put it all inside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">In the Palestinian territories, Morocco and Egypt, young men with secondary-level education were more likely to sexually harass women than their older, less-educated peers.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Saleh, 28, a feminist and activist based in Egypt, was furious. Why did that man feel like he could look at her? Follow her? Say those lewd words to her?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A May \u003ca href=\"http://promundoglobal.org/resources/understanding-masculinities-results-international-men-gender-equality-survey-images-middle-east-north-africa/\">study\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"http://promundoglobal.org/\">Promundo\u003c/a>, an international research group, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.unwomen.org/\">U.N. Women\u003c/a> sheds fresh light on men's motivations for harassing women on the streets in four areas in the Middle East: Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco and the Palestinian territories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know quite a lot about women and girls but [relatively little] about men and boys\" when it comes to harassment, says Shereen El Feki, co-author of the report and the author of \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Sex-Citadel-Intimate-Changing-World/dp/0307390292\">Sex and the Citadel: Intimate Life in a Changing Arab World\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report found that of the 4,830 men surveyed, as many as 31 percent in Lebanon to 64 percent in Egypt admitted to having sexually harassed women and girls in public, from ogling to stalking to rape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, street harassment is a global phenomenon. Studies have shown that \u003ca href=\"https://www.actionaid.org.uk/latest-news/three-in-four-women-experience-harassment-and-violence-in-uk-and-global-cities\">vast majorities of women\u003c/a> across cities in Brazil, India, Thailand and the U.K. have been subjected to harassment or violence in public. And the U.S. isn't immune — 65 percent of 2,000 women surveyed said they had experienced street harassment, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.stopstreetharassment.org/our-work/nationalstudy/\">a 2014 study\u003c/a> conducted by the research firm GfK for Stop Street Harassment, an advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are a couple of things that stand out about street harassment in the Middle Eastern areas, according to the Promundo report. In the Palestinian territories, Morocco and Egypt, young men with secondary-level education were more likely to sexually harass women than their older, less-educated peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers were surprised by the findings. Generally, men who have finished high school or college hold more enlightened attitudes toward women than those who have had no primary school or schooling at all, says Barker, who has studied men and gender equality \u003ca href=\"http://promundoglobal.org/programs/international-men-and-gender-equality-survey-images/\">in over 20 countries\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barker and El Feki suspect that factors contributing to the behavior include the region's high unemployment rates, political instability and pressure to supply their family's daily needs. About half the men surveyed, for example, said they felt stressed, depressed or ashamed to face their families. Perhaps harassing women is a way to assert their power, suggests Barker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These young men \"have high aspirations for themselves and aren't able to meet them,\" he says. \"So they [harass women] to put them in their place. They feel like the world owes them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a place like rural Egypt, the situation is easy to understand, says El Feki. \"It speaks to the mind-numbing tedium of being a young man [there],\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can't find work. They can't afford to marry. They're stuck living with their parents. There is nothing to do. \"They're in a suspended state of adolescence,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The harassment is also a way for young men to \"get their kicks,\" says El Feki. When the men in the survey were asked why they sexually harassed women in public, the vast majority, up to 90 percent in some places, said they did it for fun and excitement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is not how women see it. \"It's not fun at all,\" says Saleh. \"It's a nightmare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holly Kearl, executive director for \u003ca href=\"http://www.stopstreetharassment.org/\">Stop Street Harassment\u003c/a> and author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.abc-clio.com/ABC-CLIOCorporate/product.aspx?pc=A4878C\">Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World\u003c/a>, says she is not surprised. \"I've seen that reasoning before in other studies: 'I'm bored. I'm bonding with my male friends. We're just having fun,' \" she says. \"Men aren't thinking about how women are feeling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers at Promundo suspect that men's motivations behind the behavior is not unique to the Middle East. \"We know that street harassment is an issue around the world, and there are likely similar dynamics at play,\" says Brian Heilman, a fellow at Promundo who helped write the report. \"We just happen to have a rich glimpse of what it looks like in (this) region through this data set.\" This report is the first time that the group has studied street harassment from the male point of view in-depth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women can experience a wide range of psychological effects from street harassment, says Kearl. Studies \u003ca href=\"http://www.stopstreetharassment.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/2014-National-SSH-Street-Harassment-Report.pdf\">have shown\u003c/a> that for women who are survivors of sexual violence, harassment can be triggering and traumatic. It also can \u003ca href=\"http://www.stopstreetharassment.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/KimberlyFairchildStreetHarassarticle.pdf\">make women feel unsafe\u003c/a>, and as a result, they restrict their movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saleh, for example, has stopped using the metro transit system in downtown Cairo. She has started to use Uber to get around for fear of another El Hussein incident. \"But sometimes I run out of money so I'm forced to use [public transportation],\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups across the Middle East, like \u003ca href=\"http://harassmap.org/en/what-we-do/\">HarassMap\u003c/a> in Egypt and \u003ca href=\"http://harasstracker.org\">HarassTracker\u003c/a> in Lebanon, are using crowdsourced data to map and report harassment incidents to keep streets safe. And in 2010, the U.N. launched \u003ca href=\"http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/creating-safe-public-spaces\">Safe Cities and Safe Public Spaces\u003c/a>, a global program to prevent street harassment in more than 20 cities around the world through education and intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, we don't know what works long term,\" says Kearl. \"It's hard to see which efforts are working at a large-scale level.\" She suggests outreach to schools to talk about harassment in a co-ed environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps boys and men could then understand that their \"fun\" has consequences: \"It's as if there's a hand reaching into my stomach and grabbing my intestines,\" says Saleh. \"Like I want to vomit, but I can't.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Do+Men+Harass+Women%3F+New+Study+Sheds+Light+On+Motivations+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers interviewed 4,830 men in the Middle East and came to some surprising conclusions.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1498249162,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1023},"headData":{"title":"Why Do Men Harass Women on the Streets? Findings From Middle East | KQED","description":"Researchers interviewed 4,830 men in the Middle East and came to some surprising conclusions.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"411027 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=411027","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/06/23/why-do-men-harass-women-on-the-streets-findings-from-middle-east/","disqusTitle":"Why Do Men Harass Women on the Streets? Findings From Middle East","nprImageCredit":"Ahmed Abd El Latif","nprByline":"Malaka Gharib\u003cbr />NPR Goats and Soda","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"532977361","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=532977361&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/06/15/532977361/why-do-men-harass-women-new-study-sheds-light-on-motivations?ft=nprml&f=532977361","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 15 Jun 2017 19:00:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 15 Jun 2017 15:02:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 15 Jun 2017 19:00:14 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/411027/why-do-men-harass-women-on-the-streets-findings-from-middle-east","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Esraa Yousria Saleh was walking down El Hussein, a busy street in downtown Cairo famous for its souvenirs and tchotchkes, when a man in his early 20s made eye contact with her. He followed her, circled her, then suddenly — she felt a hot breath in her ear:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would like to put it all inside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">In the Palestinian territories, Morocco and Egypt, young men with secondary-level education were more likely to sexually harass women than their older, less-educated peers.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Saleh, 28, a feminist and activist based in Egypt, was furious. Why did that man feel like he could look at her? Follow her? Say those lewd words to her?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A May \u003ca href=\"http://promundoglobal.org/resources/understanding-masculinities-results-international-men-gender-equality-survey-images-middle-east-north-africa/\">study\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"http://promundoglobal.org/\">Promundo\u003c/a>, an international research group, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.unwomen.org/\">U.N. Women\u003c/a> sheds fresh light on men's motivations for harassing women on the streets in four areas in the Middle East: Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco and the Palestinian territories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know quite a lot about women and girls but [relatively little] about men and boys\" when it comes to harassment, says Shereen El Feki, co-author of the report and the author of \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Sex-Citadel-Intimate-Changing-World/dp/0307390292\">Sex and the Citadel: Intimate Life in a Changing Arab World\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report found that of the 4,830 men surveyed, as many as 31 percent in Lebanon to 64 percent in Egypt admitted to having sexually harassed women and girls in public, from ogling to stalking to rape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, street harassment is a global phenomenon. Studies have shown that \u003ca href=\"https://www.actionaid.org.uk/latest-news/three-in-four-women-experience-harassment-and-violence-in-uk-and-global-cities\">vast majorities of women\u003c/a> across cities in Brazil, India, Thailand and the U.K. have been subjected to harassment or violence in public. And the U.S. isn't immune — 65 percent of 2,000 women surveyed said they had experienced street harassment, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.stopstreetharassment.org/our-work/nationalstudy/\">a 2014 study\u003c/a> conducted by the research firm GfK for Stop Street Harassment, an advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are a couple of things that stand out about street harassment in the Middle Eastern areas, according to the Promundo report. In the Palestinian territories, Morocco and Egypt, young men with secondary-level education were more likely to sexually harass women than their older, less-educated peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers were surprised by the findings. Generally, men who have finished high school or college hold more enlightened attitudes toward women than those who have had no primary school or schooling at all, says Barker, who has studied men and gender equality \u003ca href=\"http://promundoglobal.org/programs/international-men-and-gender-equality-survey-images/\">in over 20 countries\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barker and El Feki suspect that factors contributing to the behavior include the region's high unemployment rates, political instability and pressure to supply their family's daily needs. About half the men surveyed, for example, said they felt stressed, depressed or ashamed to face their families. Perhaps harassing women is a way to assert their power, suggests Barker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These young men \"have high aspirations for themselves and aren't able to meet them,\" he says. \"So they [harass women] to put them in their place. They feel like the world owes them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a place like rural Egypt, the situation is easy to understand, says El Feki. \"It speaks to the mind-numbing tedium of being a young man [there],\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can't find work. They can't afford to marry. They're stuck living with their parents. There is nothing to do. \"They're in a suspended state of adolescence,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The harassment is also a way for young men to \"get their kicks,\" says El Feki. When the men in the survey were asked why they sexually harassed women in public, the vast majority, up to 90 percent in some places, said they did it for fun and excitement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is not how women see it. \"It's not fun at all,\" says Saleh. \"It's a nightmare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holly Kearl, executive director for \u003ca href=\"http://www.stopstreetharassment.org/\">Stop Street Harassment\u003c/a> and author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.abc-clio.com/ABC-CLIOCorporate/product.aspx?pc=A4878C\">Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World\u003c/a>, says she is not surprised. \"I've seen that reasoning before in other studies: 'I'm bored. I'm bonding with my male friends. We're just having fun,' \" she says. \"Men aren't thinking about how women are feeling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers at Promundo suspect that men's motivations behind the behavior is not unique to the Middle East. \"We know that street harassment is an issue around the world, and there are likely similar dynamics at play,\" says Brian Heilman, a fellow at Promundo who helped write the report. \"We just happen to have a rich glimpse of what it looks like in (this) region through this data set.\" This report is the first time that the group has studied street harassment from the male point of view in-depth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women can experience a wide range of psychological effects from street harassment, says Kearl. Studies \u003ca href=\"http://www.stopstreetharassment.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/2014-National-SSH-Street-Harassment-Report.pdf\">have shown\u003c/a> that for women who are survivors of sexual violence, harassment can be triggering and traumatic. It also can \u003ca href=\"http://www.stopstreetharassment.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/KimberlyFairchildStreetHarassarticle.pdf\">make women feel unsafe\u003c/a>, and as a result, they restrict their movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saleh, for example, has stopped using the metro transit system in downtown Cairo. She has started to use Uber to get around for fear of another El Hussein incident. \"But sometimes I run out of money so I'm forced to use [public transportation],\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups across the Middle East, like \u003ca href=\"http://harassmap.org/en/what-we-do/\">HarassMap\u003c/a> in Egypt and \u003ca href=\"http://harasstracker.org\">HarassTracker\u003c/a> in Lebanon, are using crowdsourced data to map and report harassment incidents to keep streets safe. And in 2010, the U.N. launched \u003ca href=\"http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/creating-safe-public-spaces\">Safe Cities and Safe Public Spaces\u003c/a>, a global program to prevent street harassment in more than 20 cities around the world through education and intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, we don't know what works long term,\" says Kearl. \"It's hard to see which efforts are working at a large-scale level.\" She suggests outreach to schools to talk about harassment in a co-ed environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps boys and men could then understand that their \"fun\" has consequences: \"It's as if there's a hand reaching into my stomach and grabbing my intestines,\" says Saleh. \"Like I want to vomit, but I can't.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Do+Men+Harass+Women%3F+New+Study+Sheds+Light+On+Motivations+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/411027/why-do-men-harass-women-on-the-streets-findings-from-middle-east","authors":["byline_futureofyou_411027"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1312"],"featImg":"futureofyou_415171","label":"futureofyou"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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