Autonomous Weapons May One Day Trigger Robot Warfare
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But in the real world, killer robots are officially known as \"autonomous weapons.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eJw1zUjAAKCjwH7SulfcR9YdigYQG11O\"]At the Pentagon, Paul Scharre helped create the U.S. policy for such weapons. In his new book, \u003cem>Army of None: Autonomous Weapons and the Future of War, \u003c/em>Scharre discusses the state of these weapons today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Killer robots\" might be a bit sensational, he says, but what he's talking about is a weapon that could \"go out on its own and make its own decisions about who to kill on the battlefield.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 30 countries have autonomous weapons that are supervised by humans for defensive purposes, Scharre says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[These are] things that would target incoming missiles and shoot them down entirely on their own,\" he says. \"Humans are sitting there at the console that could turn it off if they need to. But in a simple way, those are autonomous weapons.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scharre says while the current weapons are not like those seen in the movies, the technology is advancing, whether people like it or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Things like more advanced hobby drones, the same technology that will go into self-driving cars, all of those sensors and intelligence will make autonomous weapons also possible,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"WCz51LeCnbE8x0G4ZrsNGroJshUbo3nK\"]In his book, Scharre looks at the question: \"How hard would it be for someone to build a simple, autonomous weapon in their garage?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while that's a scary scenario, he says that it's already happening on some levels as students today are learning programming skills, with free and readily available online resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These tools are available for free download. You can download them online,\" he says. \"[It] took me about three minutes online to find all of the free tools you would need to download this technology and make it happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while high school students aren't creating these autonomous weapons, the ability to do so is a real possibility. Because of that, Scharre says the debate isn't so much about if this type of technology should be created, but more so what should be done about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What do we do with this? Do we build weaponized versions of them? Do you build them en masse? Do militaries invest in this?\" are all questions being asked as this technology would drastically change warfare.[contextly_sidebar id=\"kEIX8BCTWt9GXcGk8DTx7MsEwX0vyuig\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[It would create] a domain of warfare where humans have less control over what happens on the battlefield — where humans are no longer deciding who lives and who dies, and machines are making those decisions,\" Scharre says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debates like this are happening in countries all around the world, including those that have repeatedly violated international rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Russia, the military is working to create a fleet of \u003ca href=\"http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/russia-building-army-robots-24969\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">armed ground robots.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're building large, ground combat vehicles that have anti-tank missiles on them,\" Scharre says. \"Russian generals have talked about a vision in the future of fully robotized units that are independently conducting operations, so other countries are leaning hard into this technology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scharre says that one of the fears of this technology advancing is that \"flash wars\" could occur. Much like a \"flash crash\" in the stock market, a \"flash war\" would occur at such as fast pace that humans would not be involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"jrjhwoGs48lNnv3YJd09gywhycA0hUD0\"]\"The worry is that you get an equivalent — a flash war, where algorithms interact in some way and the robots start shooting each other and running amuck, and then humans are scrambling to put a lid back on it,\" Scharre says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, though some scenarios are terrifying, other people argue that autonomous weapons could save lives, by making fewer mistakes than might result from human error.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just like self-driving cars could someday make the roads much safer, some people have argued, 'Well, maybe autonomous weapons could be more precise and more humane. By avoiding civilian casualties in war and only killing the enemy,' \" Scharre says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his own experience in the military serving as a special operations agent, Scharre says he has been in a situation in which an autonomous weapon would have killed a girl that the Taliban was using as a scout, but that soldiers did not target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it's situations like that which highlight differences between what is legal in the laws of war and what is morally right — something that autonomous weapons might not distinguish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is one of the concerns that people raise about autonomous weapons is a lack of an ability to feel empathy and to engage in mercy in war,\" Scharre says. \"And that if we built these weapons, they would take away a powerful restraint in warfare that humans have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a lot to consider and discuss when it comes to autonomous weapons and the increasing technology, Scharre says. But as for whether humans are doomed, he says there is not a clear answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do have the opportunity to shape how we use technology. We're not at the mercy of it,\" Schare says. \"The problem at the end of the day isn't the technology. It's getting humans to cooperate together on how we use the technology and make sure that we're using it for good and not for harm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Noah Caldwell and Emily Kopp produced and edited the audio for this story. Wynne Davis adapted it for Web. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Autonomous+Weapons+Would+Take+Warfare+To+A+New+Domain%2C+Without+Humans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Former special operations agent Paul Scharre helped create U.S. military guidelines on autonomous weapons. His new book \u003cem>Army of None,\u003c/em> looks at the advances in technology, and the questions they raise.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1524765041,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":927},"headData":{"title":"Autonomous Weapons May One Day Trigger Robot Warfare | KQED","description":"Former special operations agent Paul Scharre helped create U.S. military guidelines on autonomous weapons. His new book Army of None, looks at the advances in technology, and the questions they raise.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"441008 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=441008","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/04/26/autonomous-weapons-may-one-day-trigger-robot-warfare/","disqusTitle":"Autonomous Weapons May One Day Trigger Robot Warfare","source":"Environment","nprByline":"Ari Shapiro\u003cbr />NPR","nprImageAgency":"U.S. Army","nprStoryId":"604438311","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=604438311&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2018/04/23/604438311/autonomous-weapons-would-take-warfare-to-a-new-domain-without-humans?ft=nprml&f=604438311","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 23 Apr 2018 21:28:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 23 Apr 2018 20:07:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 23 Apr 2018 20:50:36 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180423_atc_book_-_army_of_none.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1019&d=460&p=2&story=604438311&ft=nprml&f=604438311","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1605045051-171f95.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1019&d=460&p=2&story=604438311&ft=nprml&f=604438311","path":"/futureofyou/441008/autonomous-weapons-may-one-day-trigger-robot-warfare","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180423_atc_book_-_army_of_none.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1019&d=460&p=2&story=604438311&ft=nprml&f=604438311","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Killer robots have been a staple of TV and movies for decades, from \u003cem>Westworld\u003c/em> to \u003cem>The Terminator \u003c/em>series. But in the real world, killer robots are officially known as \"autonomous weapons.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>At the Pentagon, Paul Scharre helped create the U.S. policy for such weapons. In his new book, \u003cem>Army of None: Autonomous Weapons and the Future of War, \u003c/em>Scharre discusses the state of these weapons today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Killer robots\" might be a bit sensational, he says, but what he's talking about is a weapon that could \"go out on its own and make its own decisions about who to kill on the battlefield.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 30 countries have autonomous weapons that are supervised by humans for defensive purposes, Scharre says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[These are] things that would target incoming missiles and shoot them down entirely on their own,\" he says. \"Humans are sitting there at the console that could turn it off if they need to. But in a simple way, those are autonomous weapons.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scharre says while the current weapons are not like those seen in the movies, the technology is advancing, whether people like it or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Things like more advanced hobby drones, the same technology that will go into self-driving cars, all of those sensors and intelligence will make autonomous weapons also possible,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In his book, Scharre looks at the question: \"How hard would it be for someone to build a simple, autonomous weapon in their garage?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while that's a scary scenario, he says that it's already happening on some levels as students today are learning programming skills, with free and readily available online resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These tools are available for free download. You can download them online,\" he says. \"[It] took me about three minutes online to find all of the free tools you would need to download this technology and make it happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while high school students aren't creating these autonomous weapons, the ability to do so is a real possibility. Because of that, Scharre says the debate isn't so much about if this type of technology should be created, but more so what should be done about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What do we do with this? Do we build weaponized versions of them? Do you build them en masse? Do militaries invest in this?\" are all questions being asked as this technology would drastically change warfare.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[It would create] a domain of warfare where humans have less control over what happens on the battlefield — where humans are no longer deciding who lives and who dies, and machines are making those decisions,\" Scharre says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debates like this are happening in countries all around the world, including those that have repeatedly violated international rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Russia, the military is working to create a fleet of \u003ca href=\"http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/russia-building-army-robots-24969\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">armed ground robots.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're building large, ground combat vehicles that have anti-tank missiles on them,\" Scharre says. \"Russian generals have talked about a vision in the future of fully robotized units that are independently conducting operations, so other countries are leaning hard into this technology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scharre says that one of the fears of this technology advancing is that \"flash wars\" could occur. Much like a \"flash crash\" in the stock market, a \"flash war\" would occur at such as fast pace that humans would not be involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"The worry is that you get an equivalent — a flash war, where algorithms interact in some way and the robots start shooting each other and running amuck, and then humans are scrambling to put a lid back on it,\" Scharre says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, though some scenarios are terrifying, other people argue that autonomous weapons could save lives, by making fewer mistakes than might result from human error.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just like self-driving cars could someday make the roads much safer, some people have argued, 'Well, maybe autonomous weapons could be more precise and more humane. By avoiding civilian casualties in war and only killing the enemy,' \" Scharre says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his own experience in the military serving as a special operations agent, Scharre says he has been in a situation in which an autonomous weapon would have killed a girl that the Taliban was using as a scout, but that soldiers did not target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it's situations like that which highlight differences between what is legal in the laws of war and what is morally right — something that autonomous weapons might not distinguish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is one of the concerns that people raise about autonomous weapons is a lack of an ability to feel empathy and to engage in mercy in war,\" Scharre says. \"And that if we built these weapons, they would take away a powerful restraint in warfare that humans have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a lot to consider and discuss when it comes to autonomous weapons and the increasing technology, Scharre says. But as for whether humans are doomed, he says there is not a clear answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do have the opportunity to shape how we use technology. We're not at the mercy of it,\" Schare says. \"The problem at the end of the day isn't the technology. It's getting humans to cooperate together on how we use the technology and make sure that we're using it for good and not for harm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Noah Caldwell and Emily Kopp produced and edited the audio for this story. Wynne Davis adapted it for Web. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Autonomous+Weapons+Would+Take+Warfare+To+A+New+Domain%2C+Without+Humans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/441008/autonomous-weapons-may-one-day-trigger-robot-warfare","authors":["byline_futureofyou_441008"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_849","futureofyou_1491","futureofyou_365","futureofyou_35","futureofyou_1490"],"featImg":"futureofyou_441009","label":"source_futureofyou_441008"},"futureofyou_153628":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_153628","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"153628","score":null,"sort":[1461861032000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-a-robot-counts-out-your-pills-what-will-your-pharmacist-do","title":"Robots Are Now Handling Pills. Will Pharmacists Be Liberated or Out of Work?","publishDate":1461861032,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>One of the most important things a pharmacist does after five or six years of training is make sure you get the correct number of pills in the correct dosage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it seems, robots are better at doing that than people. Even trained pharmacist people. Actually, it's a perfect job for a robot: a repetitive and mundane task.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Automation has led to the ability for us to reinvent ourselves as a profession, and we need to take the challenge.'\u003ccite>Dr. Marilyn Stebbins, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And artificial intelligence has finally matured to the point where doctors trust robots (with human supervision) to do it. For five years now, the UCSF Medical Center has relied on an automated “robot pharmacy” to fill prescriptions, and a fleet of thousands of autonomous bots to deliver them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rita Jew, director of the UCSF program, says the robots have worked for five years with 100% accuracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are involved only to stock the medications in the canisters that the robots pluck off a rack, and to grab the packaged and labeled medications the robot spits out and send it on its way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the meds are going to a patient in the hospital, a human might hand them off to a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/01/hospital-uses-robots-instead-of-people-to-cart-things-around/\" target=\"_blank\">Tug robot\u003c/a> that rolls around the hospital from floor to floor, dropping off prescriptions at each nurse’s station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The job of finding medications and dispensing the right amount for the right patient, is called “pulling” drugs. There used to be seven pharmacy technicians pulling drugs, with three to four pharmacists supervising them. Now, Jew says she needs at most two technicians to interface with the bots, and the other techs were reassigned to work such as collecting medication history\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_121044\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-121044\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg\" alt=\"A tug enters the kitchen of the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. \" width=\"770\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg 770w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tug enters the kitchen of the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robots are faster and more accurate than people—a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajhp.org/content/72/17/1471.abstract\">study\u003c/a> from a medical center in Houston found that in one year their pharmacists made an average of almost five medication errors for every 100,000 prescriptions. That’s not a lot, but it’s a lot more than zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will Robots Replace Pharmacists?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bionic competition has some pharmacists worried about whether humans have a role in the future of their profession. A paper published in the American Journal of Pharmacy Education last year warned of a potential glut of more than 40,000 pharmacy school grads by 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technology and automation are going to do a whole lot of things that the traditional pharmacist has done,” says Dr. Marilyn Stebbins, a pharmacy professor and vice-chair of clinical innovation at UCSF. “If the pharmacists don’t prove their value outside of their existing roles, automation will win because ultimately it will be cheaper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means pharmacists need to carve out new niches robots can’t fill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/sen/sb_0451-0500/sb_493_bill_20131001_chaptered.html\" target=\"_blank\">authorized pharmacists\u003c/a> who have certain levels of training and experience to prescribe medications, including nicotine replacements and hormonal birth control, and take a more active role in primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"bM52RWQkoiFSagHpIhxBjL4WpsA39bOf\"]This means the person behind the counter at Walgreens would be able to help patients quit smoking, or review their full medical record to make sure they’re getting the best medication for their condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a pivot in the role of the pharmacist but it’s up to us to take this opportunity,” says Dr. Lisa Kroon, a clinical pharmacy professor at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far this new role doesn’t come with any extra pay for extra services. The new law doesn’t include regulations to allow pharmacists to be paid for their services. Pharmacists are still reimbursed just for the products they provide. So Stebbins says pharmacists' potential to fill gaps in the healthcare system may remain untapped until there's some way to pay them for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facing a New Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroon has been practicing for 20 years, and she says pharmacists have been talking about the “threat” of automation for as long as she can remember. But she says this is the wrong way to think about technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our stand here at our school is if [dispensing medication] is all you want to do, don’t come to this school,” Kroon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One innovation Stebbins is working on is an app that allows patients to track their blood pressure and other vital signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data are then shared with both their doctor and pharmacist—but it’s the pharmacist who would be responsible for checking in with patients, tracking their data, making sure they’re taking their medication and monitoring whether the medication is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_153717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-153717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Pharmacy resident Oliver Hsu photographs medication expiration dates.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pharmacy resident Oliver Hsu photographs medication expiration dates. \u003ccite>(Susan Merrell/UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The pharmacist is the ultimate medication manager,” Stebbins says. “That’s what our training is all about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stebbins has also helped develop a new automated call service, in which patients get a phone call within the first two days after they leave the hospital, asking if they have questions about their medication. If they do, Stebbins gets a text or email and she or one of her team of pharmacy students can respond to the patient’s concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting the pharmacist involved sooner through services like this call service, frees up more time for the physician to focus on other aspects of the patient’s recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have to embrace technology, and not fear it,” she says. “The ultimate thing is that automation has led to the ability for us to reinvent ourselves as a profession, and we need to take the challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Robots can fill prescriptions with more accuracy than humans, leaving pharmacists to reimagine their role.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1462053213,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":978},"headData":{"title":"Robots Are Now Handling Pills. Will Pharmacists Be Liberated or Out of Work? | KQED","description":"Robots can fill prescriptions with more accuracy than humans, leaving pharmacists to reimagine their role.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"153628 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=153628","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/28/when-a-robot-counts-out-your-pills-what-will-your-pharmacist-do/","disqusTitle":"Robots Are Now Handling Pills. Will Pharmacists Be Liberated or Out of Work?","source":"Big Ideas","path":"/futureofyou/153628/when-a-robot-counts-out-your-pills-what-will-your-pharmacist-do","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the most important things a pharmacist does after five or six years of training is make sure you get the correct number of pills in the correct dosage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it seems, robots are better at doing that than people. Even trained pharmacist people. Actually, it's a perfect job for a robot: a repetitive and mundane task.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Automation has led to the ability for us to reinvent ourselves as a profession, and we need to take the challenge.'\u003ccite>Dr. Marilyn Stebbins, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And artificial intelligence has finally matured to the point where doctors trust robots (with human supervision) to do it. For five years now, the UCSF Medical Center has relied on an automated “robot pharmacy” to fill prescriptions, and a fleet of thousands of autonomous bots to deliver them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rita Jew, director of the UCSF program, says the robots have worked for five years with 100% accuracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are involved only to stock the medications in the canisters that the robots pluck off a rack, and to grab the packaged and labeled medications the robot spits out and send it on its way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the meds are going to a patient in the hospital, a human might hand them off to a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/01/hospital-uses-robots-instead-of-people-to-cart-things-around/\" target=\"_blank\">Tug robot\u003c/a> that rolls around the hospital from floor to floor, dropping off prescriptions at each nurse’s station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The job of finding medications and dispensing the right amount for the right patient, is called “pulling” drugs. There used to be seven pharmacy technicians pulling drugs, with three to four pharmacists supervising them. Now, Jew says she needs at most two technicians to interface with the bots, and the other techs were reassigned to work such as collecting medication history\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_121044\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-121044\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg\" alt=\"A tug enters the kitchen of the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. \" width=\"770\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug.jpg 770w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tug enters the kitchen of the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robots are faster and more accurate than people—a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajhp.org/content/72/17/1471.abstract\">study\u003c/a> from a medical center in Houston found that in one year their pharmacists made an average of almost five medication errors for every 100,000 prescriptions. That’s not a lot, but it’s a lot more than zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will Robots Replace Pharmacists?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bionic competition has some pharmacists worried about whether humans have a role in the future of their profession. A paper published in the American Journal of Pharmacy Education last year warned of a potential glut of more than 40,000 pharmacy school grads by 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technology and automation are going to do a whole lot of things that the traditional pharmacist has done,” says Dr. Marilyn Stebbins, a pharmacy professor and vice-chair of clinical innovation at UCSF. “If the pharmacists don’t prove their value outside of their existing roles, automation will win because ultimately it will be cheaper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means pharmacists need to carve out new niches robots can’t fill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/sen/sb_0451-0500/sb_493_bill_20131001_chaptered.html\" target=\"_blank\">authorized pharmacists\u003c/a> who have certain levels of training and experience to prescribe medications, including nicotine replacements and hormonal birth control, and take a more active role in primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>This means the person behind the counter at Walgreens would be able to help patients quit smoking, or review their full medical record to make sure they’re getting the best medication for their condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a pivot in the role of the pharmacist but it’s up to us to take this opportunity,” says Dr. Lisa Kroon, a clinical pharmacy professor at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far this new role doesn’t come with any extra pay for extra services. The new law doesn’t include regulations to allow pharmacists to be paid for their services. Pharmacists are still reimbursed just for the products they provide. So Stebbins says pharmacists' potential to fill gaps in the healthcare system may remain untapped until there's some way to pay them for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facing a New Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroon has been practicing for 20 years, and she says pharmacists have been talking about the “threat” of automation for as long as she can remember. But she says this is the wrong way to think about technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our stand here at our school is if [dispensing medication] is all you want to do, don’t come to this school,” Kroon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One innovation Stebbins is working on is an app that allows patients to track their blood pressure and other vital signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data are then shared with both their doctor and pharmacist—but it’s the pharmacist who would be responsible for checking in with patients, tracking their data, making sure they’re taking their medication and monitoring whether the medication is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_153717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-153717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Pharmacy resident Oliver Hsu photographs medication expiration dates.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/robotic-pharmacy-main_0-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pharmacy resident Oliver Hsu photographs medication expiration dates. \u003ccite>(Susan Merrell/UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The pharmacist is the ultimate medication manager,” Stebbins says. “That’s what our training is all about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stebbins has also helped develop a new automated call service, in which patients get a phone call within the first two days after they leave the hospital, asking if they have questions about their medication. If they do, Stebbins gets a text or email and she or one of her team of pharmacy students can respond to the patient’s concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting the pharmacist involved sooner through services like this call service, frees up more time for the physician to focus on other aspects of the patient’s recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have to embrace technology, and not fear it,” she says. “The ultimate thing is that automation has led to the ability for us to reinvent ourselves as a profession, and we need to take the challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/153628/when-a-robot-counts-out-your-pills-what-will-your-pharmacist-do","authors":["6616"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_893","futureofyou_365","futureofyou_113"],"featImg":"futureofyou_153689","label":"source_futureofyou_153628"},"futureofyou_3339":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_3339","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"3339","score":null,"sort":[1432665975000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"robotic-butt-helps-medical-students-learn-professional-intimacy","title":"Robotic Butt Helps Medical Students Learn Professional Intimacy","publishDate":1432665975,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>For medical students, it can be a nerve-wracking prospect to administer intimate exams to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of scientists at the University of Florida, Drexel University and the University of Wisconsin jointly developed new technology to help medical students hone their skills at prostate and breast examinations. Their research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result of four years of hard work? A robotic butt named Patrick, who delivers instantaneous feedback to students about the prostate exam he's receiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick comes equipped with four sensors, and its highly-visual software can inform students whether they're applying optimal pressure. He might inform the student if the pressure is too soft or if they have neglected to cover the whole prostate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3437\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-3437\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software.jpg\" alt=\"Patrick informs the medical student that he doesn't want a prostate exam. (Andrew Robb/University of Florida)\" width=\"355\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software.jpg 2592w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patrick informs the medical student that he doesn't want a prostate exam. (Andrew Robb/University of Florida)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's not just about perfecting their technique; students can also use Patrick to practice their bedside manner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Benjamin Lok, \u003ca href=\"http://verg.cise.ufl.edu/virtualpatientsgroup/\">the lead designer on the project\u003c/a>, said the experience is designed to mirror a typical doctor-patient interaction. Patrick is set up in an exam room. Students walk in, greet the patient, and ask routine questions about pain levels and symptoms (Patrick always has trouble urinating), as well as family and medication history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal is to get students more comfortable with these mortifying scenarios,\" said Dr. Benjamin Lok, the professor who leads the research. \"There aren't enough opportunities for students to practice, which causes them a lot of anxiety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Lok said Patrick is initially reluctant to receive a prostate exam. But the students are taught to communicate the necessity of the exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3438\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-3438\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick.jpg\" alt=\"Patrick provides feedback to medical students in real-time. (Andrew Robb/University of Florida)\" width=\"403\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick.jpg 2592w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patrick provides feedback to medical students in real-time. (Andrew Robb/University of Florida)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, many medical schools today pay a lot of money to hire professional actors who are willing to go through training and get examined repeatedly by students. Lok doesn't expect that robots can replace these human actors anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he hopes that students will practice routinely on Patrick before approaching a real person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick is already in use at the University of Florida and Drexel University. The research team is hoping to commercialize the technology and market it to more schools, as well as further develop the artificial intelligence (AI) technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In future,\" Lok said, \"we want to make these conversations more realistic and provide a deeper challenge for students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.medicaldaily.com/robotic-butt-offers-prostate-exam-training-medical-students-how-patrick-teaches-empathy-proper\">\u003cem>h/t Medical Daily\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A robotic butt named Patrick gives instantaneous feedback about the prostate exam he's receiving.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477282747,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":436},"headData":{"title":"Robotic Butt Helps Medical Students Learn Professional Intimacy | KQED","description":"A robotic butt named Patrick gives instantaneous feedback about the prostate exam he's receiving.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"3339 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=3339","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/26/robotic-butt-helps-medical-students-learn-professional-intimacy/","disqusTitle":"Robotic Butt Helps Medical Students Learn Professional Intimacy","path":"/futureofyou/3339/robotic-butt-helps-medical-students-learn-professional-intimacy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For medical students, it can be a nerve-wracking prospect to administer intimate exams to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of scientists at the University of Florida, Drexel University and the University of Wisconsin jointly developed new technology to help medical students hone their skills at prostate and breast examinations. Their research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result of four years of hard work? A robotic butt named Patrick, who delivers instantaneous feedback to students about the prostate exam he's receiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick comes equipped with four sensors, and its highly-visual software can inform students whether they're applying optimal pressure. He might inform the student if the pressure is too soft or if they have neglected to cover the whole prostate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3437\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-3437\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software.jpg\" alt=\"Patrick informs the medical student that he doesn't want a prostate exam. (Andrew Robb/University of Florida)\" width=\"355\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software.jpg 2592w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-software-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patrick informs the medical student that he doesn't want a prostate exam. (Andrew Robb/University of Florida)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's not just about perfecting their technique; students can also use Patrick to practice their bedside manner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Benjamin Lok, \u003ca href=\"http://verg.cise.ufl.edu/virtualpatientsgroup/\">the lead designer on the project\u003c/a>, said the experience is designed to mirror a typical doctor-patient interaction. Patrick is set up in an exam room. Students walk in, greet the patient, and ask routine questions about pain levels and symptoms (Patrick always has trouble urinating), as well as family and medication history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal is to get students more comfortable with these mortifying scenarios,\" said Dr. Benjamin Lok, the professor who leads the research. \"There aren't enough opportunities for students to practice, which causes them a lot of anxiety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Lok said Patrick is initially reluctant to receive a prostate exam. But the students are taught to communicate the necessity of the exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3438\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-3438\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick.jpg\" alt=\"Patrick provides feedback to medical students in real-time. (Andrew Robb/University of Florida)\" width=\"403\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick.jpg 2592w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/patrick-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patrick provides feedback to medical students in real-time. (Andrew Robb/University of Florida)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, many medical schools today pay a lot of money to hire professional actors who are willing to go through training and get examined repeatedly by students. Lok doesn't expect that robots can replace these human actors anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he hopes that students will practice routinely on Patrick before approaching a real person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick is already in use at the University of Florida and Drexel University. The research team is hoping to commercialize the technology and market it to more schools, as well as further develop the artificial intelligence (AI) technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In future,\" Lok said, \"we want to make these conversations more realistic and provide a deeper challenge for students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.medicaldaily.com/robotic-butt-offers-prostate-exam-training-medical-students-how-patrick-teaches-empathy-proper\">\u003cem>h/t Medical Daily\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/3339/robotic-butt-helps-medical-students-learn-professional-intimacy","authors":["3252"],"categories":["futureofyou_1063"],"tags":["futureofyou_366","futureofyou_371","futureofyou_270","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_369","futureofyou_365","futureofyou_352"],"featImg":"futureofyou_3436","label":"futureofyou"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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