Sexual Assault And Harassment May Have Lasting Health Repercussions For Women
USDA Issues Alert About Salads, Wraps Due to Parasite Worry
California Hospitals Urge Moms To Favor Breast Milk Over Formula
Opinion: Why the 'Gold Standard' of Medical Research Is No Longer Enough
Smartphones, Vinegar and the Future of Cervical Cancer Screening
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She has a B.A. from Cornell University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/acf522116cc10f32fb9bc84af7f1ea28?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Rebecca Grant | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/acf522116cc10f32fb9bc84af7f1ea28?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/acf522116cc10f32fb9bc84af7f1ea28?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/rgrant"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"futureofyou_444828":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_444828","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"444828","score":null,"sort":[1538676036000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sexual-assault-and-harassment-may-have-lasting-health-repercussions-for-women","title":"Sexual Assault And Harassment May Have Lasting Health Repercussions For Women","publishDate":1538676036,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The trauma of sexual assault or harassment is not only hard to forget; it may also leave lasting effects on a woman's health. This finding of a study \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4886\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published Wednesday\u003c/a> adds support to a growing body of evidence suggesting the link.[contextly_sidebar id=\"HEpAUbCt2g19YW7Y7Rht6rrTaYElddh0\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study of roughly 300 middle-aged women, an experience of sexual assault was associated with anxiety, depression and poor sleep. A history of workplace sexual harassment was also associated with poor sleep and with an increased risk of developing high blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are experiences that [a woman] could have had long ago ... and it can have this long arm of influence throughout a woman's life,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.publichealth.pitt.edu/home/directory/rebecca-thurston\">Rebecca Thurston\u003c/a>, lead author of the study, and a research psychologist and director of the Women's Behavioral Health Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study data come from a survey of healthy women between ages 40 and 60 who had been recruited for a study on menopause and cardiovascular disease — not sexual harassment or assault. They all had their blood pressure checked at study visits, as well as height and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other questions, the survey asked the women if they had ever experienced sexual harassment at work. Participants were also asked if they had ever \"been made or pressured into having some type of unwanted sexual contact.\" The women were not asked when those events occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-two percent reported a history of sexual assault, and 19 percent said they'd experienced workplace sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the sample size was small, the results are statistically significant. Women who had experienced sexual assault had on average an almost threefold increased risk of developing depressive symptoms, compared to women who hadn't. They also had a greater incidence of clinically significant anxiety.[contextly_sidebar id=\"IsNCC9ByhjKnhi0QhEGUW78GbGlaWQIA\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1 in 4 women who had been sexually assaulted met criteria for depression, while approximately 1 in 10 who had not were depressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who experienced sexual harassment at work had a twofold increased risk compared to women who hadn't of developing high blood pressure. Poor sleep was more common, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These [traumatic experiences] are clearly critical things that happen to people early on, that have these really long-lasting effects,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://directory.sph.umn.edu/bio/sph-a-z/susan-mason\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Susan Mason\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of Minnesota who studies the effects of trauma. \"These really shape people's life trajectories.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason was not involved in this study, but says the findings dovetail with other research on the relationship between trauma and physical or mental health later in life. Intimate partner violence, for example, has been associated with the development of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23248189\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diabetes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22717307\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high blood pressure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's study is particularly noteworthy, Mason says, because it includes clinical data — in-office blood pressure checks, for example, and validated diagnostic tools for depression and anxiety — rather than depending exclusively on self-reported diagnoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinicians don't have the ability to corroborate women's memories of sexual assault or harassment, however. Thurston points to literature on the way traumatic memories are processed that demonstrates that discrete events like a sexual assault often remain vivid in a way other memories don't. This is why, she says, she trusts the study participants who say they've been through these experiences.[contextly_sidebar id=\"aop33xdUj0MLT7LwmTHbeoNCW1mJ7lyp\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the patient thinks it's important, it's important,\" says Dr. Valerie Gilchrist, chair of the department of family medicine at the University of Wisconsin who has written about screening for sexual violence in primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recommends that clinicians ask patients if they've experienced sexual assault, particularly patients who are experiencing significant stress or have difficulty with pelvic exams. Authors note that sexual assault and harassment seemed to be less common in this group of women than in national estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prevalence in their cohort was significantly lower than a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6308a1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 estimate from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>, which found that 19 percent of American women had been raped, and almost 44 percent had experienced another form of sexual violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thurston thinks this is because the study excluded a fair number of women for reasons related to its original intent of researching menopause and cardiovascular disease. Women taking medications for depression were not included, for example, as well as those with serious medical problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sexual assault and sexual abuse are much more common than people think,\" Thurston says. These are \"key toxic stressors for women.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While researchers weren't surprised that sexual assault and harassment seemed to be related to the development of mood disorders and poor sleep, they were impressed by the strength of the association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These should be urgent public health priorities,\" Mason says. \"How do we address the fundamental ways that our social structure affects health?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mara Gordon is a family physician in Washington, D.C., and a health and media fellow at NPR and Georgetown University School of Medicine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sexual+Assault+And+Harassment+May+Have+Lasting+Health+Repercussions+For+Women&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In a small study of middle-aged women, a history of sexual assault and workplace harassment was linked to health problems like hypertension, sleeplessness and depression. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1538751917,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":833},"headData":{"title":"Sexual Assault And Harassment May Have Lasting Health Repercussions For Women | KQED","description":"In a small study of middle-aged women, a history of sexual assault and workplace harassment was linked to health problems like hypertension, sleeplessness and depression. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Sexual Assault And Harassment May Have Lasting Health Repercussions For Women","datePublished":"2018-10-04T18:00:36.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-05T15:05:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444828 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444828","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/04/sexual-assault-and-harassment-may-have-lasting-health-repercussions-for-women/","disqusTitle":"Sexual Assault And Harassment May Have Lasting Health Repercussions For Women","source":"Health","nprByline":"Mara Gordon, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Fabio Pagani/EyeEm/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"653797374","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=653797374&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/03/653797374/sexual-assault-and-harassment-may-have-lasting-health-repercussions-for-women?ft=nprml&f=653797374","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 03 Oct 2018 15:01:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 03 Oct 2018 09:50:57 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 03 Oct 2018 15:01:53 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/444828/sexual-assault-and-harassment-may-have-lasting-health-repercussions-for-women","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The trauma of sexual assault or harassment is not only hard to forget; it may also leave lasting effects on a woman's health. This finding of a study \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4886\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published Wednesday\u003c/a> adds support to a growing body of evidence suggesting the link.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study of roughly 300 middle-aged women, an experience of sexual assault was associated with anxiety, depression and poor sleep. A history of workplace sexual harassment was also associated with poor sleep and with an increased risk of developing high blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are experiences that [a woman] could have had long ago ... and it can have this long arm of influence throughout a woman's life,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.publichealth.pitt.edu/home/directory/rebecca-thurston\">Rebecca Thurston\u003c/a>, lead author of the study, and a research psychologist and director of the Women's Behavioral Health Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study data come from a survey of healthy women between ages 40 and 60 who had been recruited for a study on menopause and cardiovascular disease — not sexual harassment or assault. They all had their blood pressure checked at study visits, as well as height and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other questions, the survey asked the women if they had ever experienced sexual harassment at work. Participants were also asked if they had ever \"been made or pressured into having some type of unwanted sexual contact.\" The women were not asked when those events occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-two percent reported a history of sexual assault, and 19 percent said they'd experienced workplace sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the sample size was small, the results are statistically significant. Women who had experienced sexual assault had on average an almost threefold increased risk of developing depressive symptoms, compared to women who hadn't. They also had a greater incidence of clinically significant anxiety.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1 in 4 women who had been sexually assaulted met criteria for depression, while approximately 1 in 10 who had not were depressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who experienced sexual harassment at work had a twofold increased risk compared to women who hadn't of developing high blood pressure. Poor sleep was more common, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These [traumatic experiences] are clearly critical things that happen to people early on, that have these really long-lasting effects,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://directory.sph.umn.edu/bio/sph-a-z/susan-mason\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Susan Mason\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of Minnesota who studies the effects of trauma. \"These really shape people's life trajectories.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason was not involved in this study, but says the findings dovetail with other research on the relationship between trauma and physical or mental health later in life. Intimate partner violence, for example, has been associated with the development of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23248189\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diabetes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22717307\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high blood pressure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's study is particularly noteworthy, Mason says, because it includes clinical data — in-office blood pressure checks, for example, and validated diagnostic tools for depression and anxiety — rather than depending exclusively on self-reported diagnoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinicians don't have the ability to corroborate women's memories of sexual assault or harassment, however. Thurston points to literature on the way traumatic memories are processed that demonstrates that discrete events like a sexual assault often remain vivid in a way other memories don't. This is why, she says, she trusts the study participants who say they've been through these experiences.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the patient thinks it's important, it's important,\" says Dr. Valerie Gilchrist, chair of the department of family medicine at the University of Wisconsin who has written about screening for sexual violence in primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recommends that clinicians ask patients if they've experienced sexual assault, particularly patients who are experiencing significant stress or have difficulty with pelvic exams. Authors note that sexual assault and harassment seemed to be less common in this group of women than in national estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prevalence in their cohort was significantly lower than a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6308a1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 estimate from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>, which found that 19 percent of American women had been raped, and almost 44 percent had experienced another form of sexual violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thurston thinks this is because the study excluded a fair number of women for reasons related to its original intent of researching menopause and cardiovascular disease. Women taking medications for depression were not included, for example, as well as those with serious medical problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sexual assault and sexual abuse are much more common than people think,\" Thurston says. These are \"key toxic stressors for women.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While researchers weren't surprised that sexual assault and harassment seemed to be related to the development of mood disorders and poor sleep, they were impressed by the strength of the association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These should be urgent public health priorities,\" Mason says. \"How do we address the fundamental ways that our social structure affects health?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mara Gordon is a family physician in Washington, D.C., and a health and media fellow at NPR and Georgetown University School of Medicine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sexual+Assault+And+Harassment+May+Have+Lasting+Health+Repercussions+For+Women&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444828/sexual-assault-and-harassment-may-have-lasting-health-repercussions-for-women","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444828"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_216","futureofyou_1429","futureofyou_1312","futureofyou_1555"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444829","label":"source_futureofyou_444828"},"futureofyou_443723":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_443723","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"443723","score":null,"sort":[1533232638000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"usda-issues-alert-about-salads-wraps-due-to-parasite-worry","title":"USDA Issues Alert About Salads, Wraps Due to Parasite Worry","publishDate":1533232638,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Federal authorities have issued a public health alert about more than two dozen beef, pork and poultry salad and wrap products as a precaution due to possible parasite contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Agriculture Department’s Food Safety and Inspection Service says the products, distributed by Indianapolis-based Caito Foods may be contaminated with cyclospora. The parasite causes intestinal illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA says Caito Foods was notified from their lettuce supplier, Fresh Express, that the chopped romaine used in some of the salads was being recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The products were sold by grocery stores including Trader Joe’s, Walgreens and Kroger. They have the establishment number “EST. 39985 or P-39985.” The USDA has posted a complete list \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/1827c9ab-6a03-4020-a74e-e8b2d5e7e8dc/List-USDA-Product-PHA-Cyclospora.pdf?MOD=AJPERES\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online\u003c/a> . Consumers are urged to throw them away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The products were sold by grocery stores including Trader Joe’s, Walgreens and Kroger. Consumers are urged to throw them away.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1533232693,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":130},"headData":{"title":"USDA Issues Alert About Salads, Wraps Due to Parasite Worry | KQED","description":"The products were sold by grocery stores including Trader Joe’s, Walgreens and Kroger. Consumers are urged to throw them away.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"USDA Issues Alert About Salads, Wraps Due to Parasite Worry","datePublished":"2018-08-02T17:57:18.000Z","dateModified":"2018-08-02T17:58:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"443723 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=443723","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/08/02/usda-issues-alert-about-salads-wraps-due-to-parasite-worry/","disqusTitle":"USDA Issues Alert About Salads, Wraps Due to Parasite Worry","source":"Health","nprByline":"The Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/443723/usda-issues-alert-about-salads-wraps-due-to-parasite-worry","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal authorities have issued a public health alert about more than two dozen beef, pork and poultry salad and wrap products as a precaution due to possible parasite contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Agriculture Department’s Food Safety and Inspection Service says the products, distributed by Indianapolis-based Caito Foods may be contaminated with cyclospora. The parasite causes intestinal illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA says Caito Foods was notified from their lettuce supplier, Fresh Express, that the chopped romaine used in some of the salads was being recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The products were sold by grocery stores including Trader Joe’s, Walgreens and Kroger. They have the establishment number “EST. 39985 or P-39985.” The USDA has posted a complete list \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/1827c9ab-6a03-4020-a74e-e8b2d5e7e8dc/List-USDA-Product-PHA-Cyclospora.pdf?MOD=AJPERES\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online\u003c/a> . Consumers are urged to throw them away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/443723/usda-issues-alert-about-salads-wraps-due-to-parasite-worry","authors":["byline_futureofyou_443723"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_141","futureofyou_699","futureofyou_1590","futureofyou_216","futureofyou_1589","futureofyou_1588"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_443725","label":"source_futureofyou_443723"},"futureofyou_442082":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_442082","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"442082","score":null,"sort":[1527282011000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-hospitals-urge-moms-to-favor-breast-milk-over-formula","title":"California Hospitals Urge Moms To Favor Breast Milk Over Formula","publishDate":1527282011,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>MONTEBELLO, Calif. — Wendy Wan, 31, said American infant formula is advertised in her native China as the most nutritious food for a newborn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds like it’s premium,” said Wan, who gave birth in early May at Beverly Hospital here. Wan said she was skeptical of the ads and had planned to feed her baby son only breast milk. But when her milk failed to come in quickly, she didn’t hesitate to supplement it with formula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I prefer breastfeeding, but I think it’s almost the same,” she said from her hospital bed the day after her son was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the same. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a baby’s life because of the well-known health benefits for both infants and mothers. Women, like Wan, who start with the intention of feeding their babies exclusively breast milk but then supplement it with formula while still in the hospital are nearly three times more likely to stop breastfeeding within two months, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24529621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has made \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwic.org/storage/documents/Factsheets2017/Press_Release_2017.docx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significant progress\u003c/a> in recent years promoting exclusive breastfeeding in hospitals, but many women aren’t sticking with it. All but a small fraction of women start breastfeeding while in the hospital, but nearly one-third introduce their babies to formula before leaving, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/CDPH%20Document%20Library/BFP/BFP-Data-InHospital-Hospitals-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a>from the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-278011\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/breastfeeding-hospitals1.png?w=500&h=1206\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"1206\">And significant disparities — both ethnic and socioeconomic — persist. While women of color are exclusively breastfeeding their babies more frequently than in the past, they still lag far behind whites: In 2016, nearly 82 percent of white moms gave their infants only breast milk in the hospital, compared with 60 percent of black moms and 65 percent of Asian and Latina moms, according to the department’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/CDPH%20Document%20Library/BFP/BFP-Data-InHospital-Occurrence-RaceEthnicity-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a>. (Data for individual race groups exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity, who can be of any race.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wide gaps also \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/CDPH%20Document%20Library/BFP/BFP-Data-InHospital-Hospitals-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">separate California’s counties and hospitals\u003c/a>. Some facilities reported exclusive breastfeeding rates of more than 90 percent and others less than 25 percent. Some of the hospitals with the lowest rates are in lower-income communities. The statewide average is 69 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where you deliver … and what race you are have a huge impact on breastfeeding,” said Arissa Palmer, executive director of the nonprofit advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://breastfeedla.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Breastfeed LA\u003c/a>. “Those are barriers that we haven’t touched the surface on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to diminish the disparities and improve the health of babies, state law requires hospitals to implement concrete measures to promote breastfeeding no later than 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> shows that breastfeeding babies can reduce their risk of obesity, diabetes and asthma. It can also lessen the chance of heart disease and cancer in mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, non-Hispanic black babies are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/facts.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significantly less likely\u003c/a> to breastfeed than non-Hispanic whites or Hispanics, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mississippi, West Virginia, Louisiana and Arkansas have the lowest \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/rates-any-exclusive-bf-state-2014.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">breastfeeding rates\u003c/a> in the U.S. Colorado, Oregon, Idaho and Washington have the highest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60 percent of women in the U.S. stop breastfeeding before they had initially intended to, the CDC said. Among the reasons: worries about their infants’ weight, problems with latching, unsupportive policies at work and lack of education about the benefits of breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another factor may be the unintended consequences of patient satisfaction scores, said Carmen Rezak, maternal-child health quality coordinator for AHMC Healthcare, a Southern California hospital chain. Because patient ratings are tied to hospital reimbursement, nurses are sometimes afraid to deny patients’ wishes. They may not want to tell relatives they cannot visit, for example, even if more privacy and quiet time do encourage breastfeeding, Rezak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The publication of statewide data on exclusive breastfeeding rates places “pressure on hospitals” to really look at their policies and practices compared with their competitors, said Jen Goldbronn of the state’s public health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"related inline\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"slab email-slab \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"email-signup\">\n\u003cp>One of the best-known ways to increase rates of exclusive breastfeeding is by following the \u003ca href=\"https://www.unicef.org/newsline/tenstps.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.”\u003c/a> These include helping mothers start nursing within one hour of birth, not giving formula to babies unless medically necessary and informing all pregnant women about the benefits of breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization Baby-Friendly USA requires hospitals seeking its “baby-friendly” seal to follow the 10 steps. In California, nearly 100 hospitals have that designation, up from 12 in 2006. The state \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">law\u003c/a> requiring hospitals to have breastfeeding support measures in place by 2025 specifically names the 10 steps, but also allows hospitals to adopt alternative practices proven to encourage breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trish MacEnroe, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.babyfriendlyusa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Baby-Friendly USA\u003c/a>, said hospitals across the country used to discourage breastfeeding inadvertently by whisking babies away to nurseries. Now, newborns typically stay in the room with the mother and start nursing immediately after birth. Urging moms to hold their babies “skin to skin” right after birth helps encourage breastfeeding because of the physical proximity, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.unicef.org.uk/babyfriendly/news-and-research/baby-friendly-research/research-supporting-breastfeeding/skin-to-skin-contact/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the hospitals with the lowest rates of exclusive breastfeeding in the state are Whittier Hospital, at 20 percent, and Monterey Park Hospital, at 22 percent. The two hospitals, both run by AHMC Healthcare, serve a high number of Asian moms and others who come to the country for the sole purpose of giving birth, Rezak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreign parents are among the most difficult to convince about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, in part because of cultural barriers or myths about the value of formula, she said. Education is also important, Rezak said. Hospital staff try to teach all new moms to recognize when their infants are hungry or tired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_278618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-278618\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/breastfeeding_001_1350.jpg?w=1024&h=683\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Newborn Ella Lang is cradled by registered nurse Kam Ho at Beverly Hospital in Montebello, Calif., on May 8. Nurses at the hospital taught Ella’s mother, Peng Peng, to breastfeed and encouraged her to continue. (Ana Venegas for KHN)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>At PIH Health Hospital Whittier, moms who want formula have to sign a form acknowledging they understand their decision, said Valerie Martin, clinical director of maternity care. The hospital’s rate of exclusive breastfeeding is 80 percent, compared with 33 percent at its sister hospital in Downey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Beverly Hospital, where Wan gave birth, nurses show patients different positions for breastfeeding and reinforce the importance of exclusive breastfeeding. But they also try not to push new mothers, said Melissa Morita, director of maternal and child health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peng Peng, who lives in China, came to the U.S. about a month before giving birth to her daughter, Ella Lang, at the hospital earlier this month. Peng, 34, said that soon after Ella was born, a nurse gave her formula because her blood sugar was low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peng said she didn’t mind too much but still wanted to breastfeed as much as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s natural and it’s more nutritious,” she said. “But I’m not super against formula.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"credits\">\u003cem>KHN’s coverage of these topics is supported by \u003ca href=\"http://www.blueshieldcafoundation.org/\">Blue Shield of California Foundation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.packard.org/\">The David and Lucile Packard Foundation\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"meta-authors meta\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/aside>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Research shows that breastfeeding babies can reduce their risk of obesity, diabetes and asthma. It can also lessen the chance of heart disease and cancer in mothers.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1527267861,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1231},"headData":{"title":"California Hospitals Urge Moms To Favor Breast Milk Over Formula | KQED","description":"Research shows that breastfeeding babies can reduce their risk of obesity, diabetes and asthma. It can also lessen the chance of heart disease and cancer in mothers.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Hospitals Urge Moms To Favor Breast Milk Over Formula","datePublished":"2018-05-25T21:00:11.000Z","dateModified":"2018-05-25T17:04:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"442082 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=442082","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/05/25/california-hospitals-urge-moms-to-favor-breast-milk-over-formula/","disqusTitle":"California Hospitals Urge Moms To Favor Breast Milk Over Formula","source":"Health","nprByline":"Anna Gorman, KHN","path":"/futureofyou/442082/california-hospitals-urge-moms-to-favor-breast-milk-over-formula","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>MONTEBELLO, Calif. — Wendy Wan, 31, said American infant formula is advertised in her native China as the most nutritious food for a newborn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds like it’s premium,” said Wan, who gave birth in early May at Beverly Hospital here. Wan said she was skeptical of the ads and had planned to feed her baby son only breast milk. But when her milk failed to come in quickly, she didn’t hesitate to supplement it with formula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I prefer breastfeeding, but I think it’s almost the same,” she said from her hospital bed the day after her son was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the same. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a baby’s life because of the well-known health benefits for both infants and mothers. Women, like Wan, who start with the intention of feeding their babies exclusively breast milk but then supplement it with formula while still in the hospital are nearly three times more likely to stop breastfeeding within two months, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24529621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has made \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwic.org/storage/documents/Factsheets2017/Press_Release_2017.docx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significant progress\u003c/a> in recent years promoting exclusive breastfeeding in hospitals, but many women aren’t sticking with it. All but a small fraction of women start breastfeeding while in the hospital, but nearly one-third introduce their babies to formula before leaving, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/CDPH%20Document%20Library/BFP/BFP-Data-InHospital-Hospitals-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a>from the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-278011\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/breastfeeding-hospitals1.png?w=500&h=1206\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"1206\">And significant disparities — both ethnic and socioeconomic — persist. While women of color are exclusively breastfeeding their babies more frequently than in the past, they still lag far behind whites: In 2016, nearly 82 percent of white moms gave their infants only breast milk in the hospital, compared with 60 percent of black moms and 65 percent of Asian and Latina moms, according to the department’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/CDPH%20Document%20Library/BFP/BFP-Data-InHospital-Occurrence-RaceEthnicity-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a>. (Data for individual race groups exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity, who can be of any race.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wide gaps also \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/CDPH%20Document%20Library/BFP/BFP-Data-InHospital-Hospitals-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">separate California’s counties and hospitals\u003c/a>. Some facilities reported exclusive breastfeeding rates of more than 90 percent and others less than 25 percent. Some of the hospitals with the lowest rates are in lower-income communities. The statewide average is 69 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where you deliver … and what race you are have a huge impact on breastfeeding,” said Arissa Palmer, executive director of the nonprofit advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://breastfeedla.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Breastfeed LA\u003c/a>. “Those are barriers that we haven’t touched the surface on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to diminish the disparities and improve the health of babies, state law requires hospitals to implement concrete measures to promote breastfeeding no later than 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> shows that breastfeeding babies can reduce their risk of obesity, diabetes and asthma. It can also lessen the chance of heart disease and cancer in mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, non-Hispanic black babies are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/facts.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significantly less likely\u003c/a> to breastfeed than non-Hispanic whites or Hispanics, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mississippi, West Virginia, Louisiana and Arkansas have the lowest \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/rates-any-exclusive-bf-state-2014.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">breastfeeding rates\u003c/a> in the U.S. Colorado, Oregon, Idaho and Washington have the highest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60 percent of women in the U.S. stop breastfeeding before they had initially intended to, the CDC said. Among the reasons: worries about their infants’ weight, problems with latching, unsupportive policies at work and lack of education about the benefits of breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another factor may be the unintended consequences of patient satisfaction scores, said Carmen Rezak, maternal-child health quality coordinator for AHMC Healthcare, a Southern California hospital chain. Because patient ratings are tied to hospital reimbursement, nurses are sometimes afraid to deny patients’ wishes. They may not want to tell relatives they cannot visit, for example, even if more privacy and quiet time do encourage breastfeeding, Rezak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The publication of statewide data on exclusive breastfeeding rates places “pressure on hospitals” to really look at their policies and practices compared with their competitors, said Jen Goldbronn of the state’s public health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"related inline\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"slab email-slab \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"email-signup\">\n\u003cp>One of the best-known ways to increase rates of exclusive breastfeeding is by following the \u003ca href=\"https://www.unicef.org/newsline/tenstps.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.”\u003c/a> These include helping mothers start nursing within one hour of birth, not giving formula to babies unless medically necessary and informing all pregnant women about the benefits of breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization Baby-Friendly USA requires hospitals seeking its “baby-friendly” seal to follow the 10 steps. In California, nearly 100 hospitals have that designation, up from 12 in 2006. The state \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">law\u003c/a> requiring hospitals to have breastfeeding support measures in place by 2025 specifically names the 10 steps, but also allows hospitals to adopt alternative practices proven to encourage breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trish MacEnroe, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.babyfriendlyusa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Baby-Friendly USA\u003c/a>, said hospitals across the country used to discourage breastfeeding inadvertently by whisking babies away to nurseries. Now, newborns typically stay in the room with the mother and start nursing immediately after birth. Urging moms to hold their babies “skin to skin” right after birth helps encourage breastfeeding because of the physical proximity, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.unicef.org.uk/babyfriendly/news-and-research/baby-friendly-research/research-supporting-breastfeeding/skin-to-skin-contact/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the hospitals with the lowest rates of exclusive breastfeeding in the state are Whittier Hospital, at 20 percent, and Monterey Park Hospital, at 22 percent. The two hospitals, both run by AHMC Healthcare, serve a high number of Asian moms and others who come to the country for the sole purpose of giving birth, Rezak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreign parents are among the most difficult to convince about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, in part because of cultural barriers or myths about the value of formula, she said. Education is also important, Rezak said. Hospital staff try to teach all new moms to recognize when their infants are hungry or tired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_278618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-278618\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/breastfeeding_001_1350.jpg?w=1024&h=683\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Newborn Ella Lang is cradled by registered nurse Kam Ho at Beverly Hospital in Montebello, Calif., on May 8. Nurses at the hospital taught Ella’s mother, Peng Peng, to breastfeed and encouraged her to continue. (Ana Venegas for KHN)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>At PIH Health Hospital Whittier, moms who want formula have to sign a form acknowledging they understand their decision, said Valerie Martin, clinical director of maternity care. The hospital’s rate of exclusive breastfeeding is 80 percent, compared with 33 percent at its sister hospital in Downey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Beverly Hospital, where Wan gave birth, nurses show patients different positions for breastfeeding and reinforce the importance of exclusive breastfeeding. But they also try not to push new mothers, said Melissa Morita, director of maternal and child health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peng Peng, who lives in China, came to the U.S. about a month before giving birth to her daughter, Ella Lang, at the hospital earlier this month. Peng, 34, said that soon after Ella was born, a nurse gave her formula because her blood sugar was low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peng said she didn’t mind too much but still wanted to breastfeed as much as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s natural and it’s more nutritious,” she said. “But I’m not super against formula.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"credits\">\u003cem>KHN’s coverage of these topics is supported by \u003ca href=\"http://www.blueshieldcafoundation.org/\">Blue Shield of California Foundation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.packard.org/\">The David and Lucile Packard Foundation\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"meta-authors meta\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/aside>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/442082/california-hospitals-urge-moms-to-favor-breast-milk-over-formula","authors":["byline_futureofyou_442082"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_631","futureofyou_177","futureofyou_223","futureofyou_216"],"featImg":"futureofyou_442088","label":"source_futureofyou_442082"},"futureofyou_434654":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_434654","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"434654","score":null,"sort":[1502114430000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"opinion-why-the-gold-standard-of-medical-research-is-no-longer-enough","title":"Opinion: Why the 'Gold Standard' of Medical Research Is No Longer Enough","publishDate":1502114430,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Randomized controlled trials have long been held up as the “gold standard” of clinical research. There’s no doubt that well-designed trials are effective tools for testing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/07/11/trump-fda-gottlieb-standards/\">new drug\u003c/a>, device, or other intervention. Yet much of modern medical care — perhaps most of it — is not based on randomized controlled trials and likely never will be. In this “dark matter” of clinical medicine, past practices and anecdotes all too often rule. We need to look beyond trials to improve medical care in these areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), participants are randomly assigned to receive either the treatment under investigation or, as a control, a placebo or the current standard treatment. The randomization process helps ensure that the various groups in the study are virtually identical in age, gender, socioeconomic status, and other variables. This minimizes the potential for bias and the influence of confounding factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We need to look beyond trials to improve medical care in these areas.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Despite their strengths, RCTs have substantial limitations. They can be very expensive to run. They can take many years to complete, and even then may not last long enough to assess the long-term effect of an intervention such as vaccine immunity, or to detect rare or long-term adverse effects. Findings from RCTs may not be valid beyond the study population — a trial that included a high-risk population in order to maximize the possibility of detecting an effect, for example, may not be relevant to a low-risk population. RCTs may not be practical for population-wide interventions and often aren’t relevant for urgent health issues such as infectious disease outbreaks, for which public health decisions must be made quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1614394\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">As I write this week\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em>, several other study types can generate data that are at least as effective as RCTs, or may be even more effective, at generating evidence for action, especially related to population-wide interventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effectiveness of the nasal spray flu vaccine (also called the live attenuated vaccine) is a dramatic illustration of the limitations of RCTs. Trials suggested that the nasal spray vaccine was superior to flu shots, at least for some populations. In subsequent years, however, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025839/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">observational studies\u003c/a>, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025837/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">case-control studies\u003c/a>, documented that, for reasons which are still unclear, the nasal spray \u003cem>wasn’t \u003c/em>effective against the flu. That led the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices to recommend, and the CDC to accept the recommendation, that the nasal spray flu vaccine \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/s0622-laiv-flu.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not be used in the 2016-2017 flu season\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"TYTTamwNkcCRi0LwkE0tR5nsDwtvjg2j\"]For some public health issues, it isn’t ethical to conduct an RCT. Take sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Early case-control studies suggested, but didn’t prove, that babies who sleep on their stomachs are more likely to die of SIDS than babies who sleep on their backs. It wouldn’t have been ethical to randomize some babies to stomach sleeping. A public program to implement putting children to sleep on their backs proved that this measure reduced the incidence of SIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be difficult, if not impossible, to do an RCT of community-wide tobacco control measures. But analyses of the results of implementing tobacco control policies, such as taxes, smoke-free laws, and advertising bans, have generated robust evidence of effectiveness that could not have been accomplished through an RCT-style study.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">For the several thousand rare diseases, RCTs are unlikely to be conducted due to the small number of people who have them\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For the several thousand \u003ca href=\"https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases%5d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rare diseases\u003c/a>, RCTs are unlikely to be conducted due to the small number of people who have them and other logistical constraints. Detailed case studies, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0077814/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">registries\u003c/a> that collect information about specific conditions and diseases, and other study types can enhance understanding of a particular disease and its treatment to improve the health of affected patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emerging use of \u003ca href=\"https://datascience.nih.gov/bd2k/about/what\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“big data,”\u003c/a> including information from electronic health records and expanded patient registries, presents new opportunities to conduct large-scale studies with many of the benefits of RCTs but without the expense. One such study used data from the Veterans Health Administration and Medicare to examine outcomes of treatment for type 2 diabetes. This study was many times larger, with much longer follow-up and lower cost, than previous RCTs comparing the effectiveness of different diabetes drugs. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1098301514046385\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">It clearly showed\u003c/a> that one class of drug, the thiazolidinediones, was much more effective than another class, the sulfonylureas, in reducing hospitalization and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical and public health decisions are almost always made with imperfect data. There is no single, best approach to obtain better information about health interventions. Evidence grading systems, policy makers, and researchers must embrace other study types in addition to RCTs. Essential steps in interpreting findings and identifying data for action include promoting transparency in study methods, ensuring standardized data collection for key outcomes, and using new approaches to improve data synthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Despite the global evidence base, around the world there are often claims that “there is no evidence tobacco harms health here” or that “soda isn’t proven to drive obesity in this country.” \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Despite the global evidence base, around the world there are often claims that “there is no evidence tobacco harms health here” or that “soda isn’t proven to drive obesity in this country.” In part, such claims can be made because some formal systems of analyzing evidence give undue weight to RCTs and inappropriately discount other types of rigorously developed evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A valid ideal is “evidence-based practice,” which means implementing in clinical care and public policy interventions that are proven to work. But it’s also important, and perhaps more so, to develop “practice-based evidence,” — that is, to implement programs and rigorously document whether or not they work. That would both save lives and expand the evidence base of effective interventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will always be an argument for more research and for better data. But waiting for more data is often an implicit decision not to act, or to act on the basis of past practice rather than on the best available evidence. Glorifying RCTs above other approaches, even when these other approaches may be either superior or the only practical way to get an answer, relegates patients to receiving treatments that aren’t based on the best available evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An approach that uses all appropriate evidence types and builds on the existing evidence base using proven best practices is the one most likely to result in clinical and public health action that will save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tom Frieden, M.D., served as director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2009 to 2017.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Is it time to look beyond randomized controlled trials for understanding medicine? This doctor thinks so.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1501787879,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":1165},"headData":{"title":"Opinion: Why the 'Gold Standard' of Medical Research Is No Longer Enough | KQED","description":"Is it time to look beyond randomized controlled trials for understanding medicine? This doctor thinks so.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Opinion: Why the 'Gold Standard' of Medical Research Is No Longer Enough","datePublished":"2017-08-07T14:00:30.000Z","dateModified":"2017-08-03T19:17:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"434654 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=434654","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/08/07/opinion-why-the-gold-standard-of-medical-research-is-no-longer-enough/","disqusTitle":"Opinion: Why the 'Gold Standard' of Medical Research Is No Longer Enough","nprByline":"Tom Frieden\u003c/br>STAT","path":"/futureofyou/434654/opinion-why-the-gold-standard-of-medical-research-is-no-longer-enough","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Randomized controlled trials have long been held up as the “gold standard” of clinical research. There’s no doubt that well-designed trials are effective tools for testing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/07/11/trump-fda-gottlieb-standards/\">new drug\u003c/a>, device, or other intervention. Yet much of modern medical care — perhaps most of it — is not based on randomized controlled trials and likely never will be. In this “dark matter” of clinical medicine, past practices and anecdotes all too often rule. We need to look beyond trials to improve medical care in these areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), participants are randomly assigned to receive either the treatment under investigation or, as a control, a placebo or the current standard treatment. The randomization process helps ensure that the various groups in the study are virtually identical in age, gender, socioeconomic status, and other variables. This minimizes the potential for bias and the influence of confounding factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We need to look beyond trials to improve medical care in these areas.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Despite their strengths, RCTs have substantial limitations. They can be very expensive to run. They can take many years to complete, and even then may not last long enough to assess the long-term effect of an intervention such as vaccine immunity, or to detect rare or long-term adverse effects. Findings from RCTs may not be valid beyond the study population — a trial that included a high-risk population in order to maximize the possibility of detecting an effect, for example, may not be relevant to a low-risk population. RCTs may not be practical for population-wide interventions and often aren’t relevant for urgent health issues such as infectious disease outbreaks, for which public health decisions must be made quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1614394\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">As I write this week\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em>, several other study types can generate data that are at least as effective as RCTs, or may be even more effective, at generating evidence for action, especially related to population-wide interventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effectiveness of the nasal spray flu vaccine (also called the live attenuated vaccine) is a dramatic illustration of the limitations of RCTs. Trials suggested that the nasal spray vaccine was superior to flu shots, at least for some populations. In subsequent years, however, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025839/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">observational studies\u003c/a>, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025837/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">case-control studies\u003c/a>, documented that, for reasons which are still unclear, the nasal spray \u003cem>wasn’t \u003c/em>effective against the flu. That led the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices to recommend, and the CDC to accept the recommendation, that the nasal spray flu vaccine \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/s0622-laiv-flu.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not be used in the 2016-2017 flu season\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>For some public health issues, it isn’t ethical to conduct an RCT. Take sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Early case-control studies suggested, but didn’t prove, that babies who sleep on their stomachs are more likely to die of SIDS than babies who sleep on their backs. It wouldn’t have been ethical to randomize some babies to stomach sleeping. A public program to implement putting children to sleep on their backs proved that this measure reduced the incidence of SIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be difficult, if not impossible, to do an RCT of community-wide tobacco control measures. But analyses of the results of implementing tobacco control policies, such as taxes, smoke-free laws, and advertising bans, have generated robust evidence of effectiveness that could not have been accomplished through an RCT-style study.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">For the several thousand rare diseases, RCTs are unlikely to be conducted due to the small number of people who have them\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For the several thousand \u003ca href=\"https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases%5d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rare diseases\u003c/a>, RCTs are unlikely to be conducted due to the small number of people who have them and other logistical constraints. Detailed case studies, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0077814/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">registries\u003c/a> that collect information about specific conditions and diseases, and other study types can enhance understanding of a particular disease and its treatment to improve the health of affected patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emerging use of \u003ca href=\"https://datascience.nih.gov/bd2k/about/what\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“big data,”\u003c/a> including information from electronic health records and expanded patient registries, presents new opportunities to conduct large-scale studies with many of the benefits of RCTs but without the expense. One such study used data from the Veterans Health Administration and Medicare to examine outcomes of treatment for type 2 diabetes. This study was many times larger, with much longer follow-up and lower cost, than previous RCTs comparing the effectiveness of different diabetes drugs. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1098301514046385\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">It clearly showed\u003c/a> that one class of drug, the thiazolidinediones, was much more effective than another class, the sulfonylureas, in reducing hospitalization and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical and public health decisions are almost always made with imperfect data. There is no single, best approach to obtain better information about health interventions. Evidence grading systems, policy makers, and researchers must embrace other study types in addition to RCTs. Essential steps in interpreting findings and identifying data for action include promoting transparency in study methods, ensuring standardized data collection for key outcomes, and using new approaches to improve data synthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Despite the global evidence base, around the world there are often claims that “there is no evidence tobacco harms health here” or that “soda isn’t proven to drive obesity in this country.” \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Despite the global evidence base, around the world there are often claims that “there is no evidence tobacco harms health here” or that “soda isn’t proven to drive obesity in this country.” In part, such claims can be made because some formal systems of analyzing evidence give undue weight to RCTs and inappropriately discount other types of rigorously developed evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A valid ideal is “evidence-based practice,” which means implementing in clinical care and public policy interventions that are proven to work. But it’s also important, and perhaps more so, to develop “practice-based evidence,” — that is, to implement programs and rigorously document whether or not they work. That would both save lives and expand the evidence base of effective interventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will always be an argument for more research and for better data. But waiting for more data is often an implicit decision not to act, or to act on the basis of past practice rather than on the best available evidence. Glorifying RCTs above other approaches, even when these other approaches may be either superior or the only practical way to get an answer, relegates patients to receiving treatments that aren’t based on the best available evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An approach that uses all appropriate evidence types and builds on the existing evidence base using proven best practices is the one most likely to result in clinical and public health action that will save lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tom Frieden, M.D., served as director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2009 to 2017.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/434654/opinion-why-the-gold-standard-of-medical-research-is-no-longer-enough","authors":["byline_futureofyou_434654"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_910","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_216"],"featImg":"futureofyou_434655","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_1819":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_1819","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"1819","score":null,"sort":[1430156452000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"smartphones-vinegar-and-the-future-of-cervical-cancer-screening","title":"Smartphones, Vinegar and the Future of Cervical Cancer Screening","publishDate":1430156452,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Women’s Health | Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":54,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>100 years ago, cervical cancer reigned as the leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then,\u003ca href=\"http://weill.cornell.edu/archives/blog/2011/06/george-papanicolaou-development-of-the-pap-smear.html\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\"> a doctor at Cornell University\u003c/span>\u003c/a> began conducting studies on the sex cycle of guinea pigs and in 1915 realized that a similar “smear” technique could be applied to the study of human vaginal cells. A few decades of disinterest and skepticism later, the Pap smear became the standard cancer screening test for women. Today, \u003ca href=\"http://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/viewfactsheet.aspx?csid=76\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">the cervical cancer death rate has plunged by more than 50 percent and ranks 14th in frequency in the United States.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is far from the case in developing countries, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.womendeliver.org/assets/CervicalCancer_final.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">cervical cancer is the most common cancer\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/cervical-cancer-statistics\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">Over 85 percent of cervical cancer cases occur\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in the developing world and these staggering rates are largely due to the lack of screening. Pap smears are rare and less than five percent of women receive any cervical cancer screening at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, new research and innovations in cervical cancer screening are helping to increase its breadth and frequency in many of the world’s poorest countries. Moreover, these new approaches are actually more accurate, convenient, and cost-effective than the traditional Pap smear, not to mention less unpleasant. They let doctors and their patients bypass the Pap smear altogether, while the Pap smear’s dominance in the U.S. remains strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Place for the Pap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many women may be surprised to learn that the Pap smear only detects cancer about half of the time but repeating the test on a regular basis increases the chances of finding cancer since the disease is slow to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repeating the test regularly is often not an option in developing countries where a number of barriers -- time, money, distance, transportation, children, agricultural cycles, social stigmas -- prevent women from visiting health clinics. Paps also take a hefty amount of resources to administer and read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Pap test is hard to implement in low resource settings because it requires expensive machines, labs, and trained technicians, as well as for women to make the trips to clinics,” said Dr. José Jerónimo, the senior adviser for women’s cancers in a reproductive health program called \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/our-work/reproductive-health.php\">PATH\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/\">PATH\u003c/a> is an international nonprofit dedicated to accelerating health innovation in the developing world. The organization has a number of initiatives aimed at making cervical cancer screening and prevention more prevalent in under-resourced areas. A key part of its approach is a low-tech effort called “VIA”, which stands for visual inspection with acetic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 446px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-2125\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"Many new technologies are deployed first in developing countries \" width=\"446\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-400x225.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-320x180.jpeg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many new technologies are deployed first in developing countries \u003ccite>(TeamLiveLonger )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This method involves swabbing the cervix with a 3 to 5 percent vinegar solution during a speculum exam, waiting for one minute, and then observing the cervix to see if white areas appear. In addition to being inexpensive and easy to administer, VIA also provides immediate results. It allows a patient to immediately receive guidance on next steps if the test is positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, like the Pap, the vinegar technique only identifies 50 to 60 percent of precancerous cases, which is why PATH helped develop \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/news/press-room/147/\">a new molecular test called careHPV\u003c/a> that was developed and field tested for use in low-resource settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CareHPV can detect DNA from 14 cancer-causing types of HPV in 2.5 hours without extensive lab facilities, using an affordable machine the size of a toaster oven that runs on electricity or a battery. Women can collect their own samples using a small brush, without the need for a pelvic exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This approach is ideal for environments where health care resources are limited and testing is often administered by community health workers who visit people’s homes, as well as in places where stigmas against pelvic exams persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jerónimo said that simply by allowing women to collect the sample themselves, coverage increases by 4 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2124\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 443px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-2124\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"A group of medical students learn how to send images \" width=\"443\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-400x266.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-1180x786.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-320x213.jpeg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of medical students learn how to send images \u003ccite>(TeamLiveLonger )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Texting, Calling, and Cervical Cancer Screening\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mobileodt.com/\">MobileODT\u003c/a> is a startup that makes a mobile colposcope, a long-range, Internet-connected magnifying glass that plugs into smartphones. The device provides a high-resolution image of cervical tissue, which can then be securely transmitted for diagnostics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Skip to the bottom to a video of how a mobile colposcope works.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are very few labs or specialists in developing countries who are able to correctly assess cervical cancer at its early stages,” said MobileODT chief executive and cofounder Ariel Beery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we seek to do is enable those same health workers who are already in the field to use a tool they use everyday — a mobile phone — to better visualize the cervix and collaborate with experts to process those images with greater accuracy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advanced prototype of the mobile colposcope is currently being piloted in Kenya, Haiti, Mexico, Botswana and the U.S.. The startup ultimately hopes to use the data it collects to develop algorithms that are able to assess the risk of cervical cancer at any stage of the viruses’ development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/teamlivelonger-battling-cervical-cancer-in-haiti\">TeamLiveLonger\u003c/a> is another startup leveraging smartphone technology to combat cervical cancer, although its goal is to increase the feasibility of Pap smears, rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founder Lou Auguste is of Haitian descent and worked as a first responder after the 2010 earthquake. There, he learned that Haitian women have the highest rate of mortality from cervical cancer in the world, with 54 per 100,000 women dying from the disease each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most women in Haiti have never been tested for cervical cancer or they don’t catch it before it is too late,” Auguste said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doctors know how to perform pap smears but we realized there were only 5 pathologists in the whole country, so we needed to figure out a system for sending slides for consultations abroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TeamLiveLonger developed an adaptor that connects a smartphone to a microscope to acquire images of slides. Its mobile technology then stitches the images together to produce a whole slide and securely transfers the images via a service called BitTorrent Sync (which enables the app to transfer large files over bad Internet connections) to a pathologist in the U.S. for analysis and diagnosis. TeamLiveLonger also built an electronic health record for mobile devices that makes it easy for health workers to keep cases updated and know when people come back to the clinic to receive results or treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pap smear may not be the best method of screening for cervical cancer but it does hold the dubious distinction of being the most prevalent one. Innovation after innovation has emerged in this space over the past 20 years but their adoption is much faster in the developing world without the entrenched legacy of the Pap smear to overcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While women in Haiti, India, Nicaragua and Uganda get screened for cervical cancer with a brush and a mobile phone, it looks like women in the U.S. will have to endure the speculum for the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm5ogJT-M9k]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Already dreading your next Pap smear? New medical screening tools offer a more affordable, less invasive alternative and women in the developing world are among the first to try them.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1430164393,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1207},"headData":{"title":"Smartphones, Vinegar and the Future of Cervical Cancer Screening | KQED","description":"Already dreading your next Pap smear? New medical screening tools offer a more affordable, less invasive alternative and women in the developing world are among the first to try them.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Smartphones, Vinegar and the Future of Cervical Cancer Screening","datePublished":"2015-04-27T17:40:52.000Z","dateModified":"2015-04-27T19:53:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"1819 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=1819","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/04/27/smartphones-vinegar-and-the-future-of-cervical-cancer-screening/","disqusTitle":"Smartphones, Vinegar and the Future of Cervical Cancer Screening","path":"/futureofyou/1819/smartphones-vinegar-and-the-future-of-cervical-cancer-screening","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>100 years ago, cervical cancer reigned as the leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then,\u003ca href=\"http://weill.cornell.edu/archives/blog/2011/06/george-papanicolaou-development-of-the-pap-smear.html\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\"> a doctor at Cornell University\u003c/span>\u003c/a> began conducting studies on the sex cycle of guinea pigs and in 1915 realized that a similar “smear” technique could be applied to the study of human vaginal cells. A few decades of disinterest and skepticism later, the Pap smear became the standard cancer screening test for women. Today, \u003ca href=\"http://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/viewfactsheet.aspx?csid=76\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">the cervical cancer death rate has plunged by more than 50 percent and ranks 14th in frequency in the United States.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is far from the case in developing countries, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.womendeliver.org/assets/CervicalCancer_final.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">cervical cancer is the most common cancer\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/cervical-cancer-statistics\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1155cc\">Over 85 percent of cervical cancer cases occur\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in the developing world and these staggering rates are largely due to the lack of screening. Pap smears are rare and less than five percent of women receive any cervical cancer screening at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, new research and innovations in cervical cancer screening are helping to increase its breadth and frequency in many of the world’s poorest countries. Moreover, these new approaches are actually more accurate, convenient, and cost-effective than the traditional Pap smear, not to mention less unpleasant. They let doctors and their patients bypass the Pap smear altogether, while the Pap smear’s dominance in the U.S. remains strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Place for the Pap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many women may be surprised to learn that the Pap smear only detects cancer about half of the time but repeating the test on a regular basis increases the chances of finding cancer since the disease is slow to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repeating the test regularly is often not an option in developing countries where a number of barriers -- time, money, distance, transportation, children, agricultural cycles, social stigmas -- prevent women from visiting health clinics. Paps also take a hefty amount of resources to administer and read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Pap test is hard to implement in low resource settings because it requires expensive machines, labs, and trained technicians, as well as for women to make the trips to clinics,” said Dr. José Jerónimo, the senior adviser for women’s cancers in a reproductive health program called \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/our-work/reproductive-health.php\">PATH\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/\">PATH\u003c/a> is an international nonprofit dedicated to accelerating health innovation in the developing world. The organization has a number of initiatives aimed at making cervical cancer screening and prevention more prevalent in under-resourced areas. A key part of its approach is a low-tech effort called “VIA”, which stands for visual inspection with acetic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 446px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-2125\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"Many new technologies are deployed first in developing countries \" width=\"446\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-400x225.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4-320x180.jpeg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-4.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many new technologies are deployed first in developing countries \u003ccite>(TeamLiveLonger )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This method involves swabbing the cervix with a 3 to 5 percent vinegar solution during a speculum exam, waiting for one minute, and then observing the cervix to see if white areas appear. In addition to being inexpensive and easy to administer, VIA also provides immediate results. It allows a patient to immediately receive guidance on next steps if the test is positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, like the Pap, the vinegar technique only identifies 50 to 60 percent of precancerous cases, which is why PATH helped develop \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.org/news/press-room/147/\">a new molecular test called careHPV\u003c/a> that was developed and field tested for use in low-resource settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CareHPV can detect DNA from 14 cancer-causing types of HPV in 2.5 hours without extensive lab facilities, using an affordable machine the size of a toaster oven that runs on electricity or a battery. Women can collect their own samples using a small brush, without the need for a pelvic exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This approach is ideal for environments where health care resources are limited and testing is often administered by community health workers who visit people’s homes, as well as in places where stigmas against pelvic exams persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jerónimo said that simply by allowing women to collect the sample themselves, coverage increases by 4 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2124\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 443px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-2124\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"A group of medical students learn how to send images \" width=\"443\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-400x266.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-1180x786.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Unknown-2-320x213.jpeg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of medical students learn how to send images \u003ccite>(TeamLiveLonger )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Texting, Calling, and Cervical Cancer Screening\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mobileodt.com/\">MobileODT\u003c/a> is a startup that makes a mobile colposcope, a long-range, Internet-connected magnifying glass that plugs into smartphones. The device provides a high-resolution image of cervical tissue, which can then be securely transmitted for diagnostics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Skip to the bottom to a video of how a mobile colposcope works.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are very few labs or specialists in developing countries who are able to correctly assess cervical cancer at its early stages,” said MobileODT chief executive and cofounder Ariel Beery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we seek to do is enable those same health workers who are already in the field to use a tool they use everyday — a mobile phone — to better visualize the cervix and collaborate with experts to process those images with greater accuracy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advanced prototype of the mobile colposcope is currently being piloted in Kenya, Haiti, Mexico, Botswana and the U.S.. The startup ultimately hopes to use the data it collects to develop algorithms that are able to assess the risk of cervical cancer at any stage of the viruses’ development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/teamlivelonger-battling-cervical-cancer-in-haiti\">TeamLiveLonger\u003c/a> is another startup leveraging smartphone technology to combat cervical cancer, although its goal is to increase the feasibility of Pap smears, rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founder Lou Auguste is of Haitian descent and worked as a first responder after the 2010 earthquake. There, he learned that Haitian women have the highest rate of mortality from cervical cancer in the world, with 54 per 100,000 women dying from the disease each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most women in Haiti have never been tested for cervical cancer or they don’t catch it before it is too late,” Auguste said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doctors know how to perform pap smears but we realized there were only 5 pathologists in the whole country, so we needed to figure out a system for sending slides for consultations abroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TeamLiveLonger developed an adaptor that connects a smartphone to a microscope to acquire images of slides. Its mobile technology then stitches the images together to produce a whole slide and securely transfers the images via a service called BitTorrent Sync (which enables the app to transfer large files over bad Internet connections) to a pathologist in the U.S. for analysis and diagnosis. TeamLiveLonger also built an electronic health record for mobile devices that makes it easy for health workers to keep cases updated and know when people come back to the clinic to receive results or treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pap smear may not be the best method of screening for cervical cancer but it does hold the dubious distinction of being the most prevalent one. Innovation after innovation has emerged in this space over the past 20 years but their adoption is much faster in the developing world without the entrenched legacy of the Pap smear to overcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While women in Haiti, India, Nicaragua and Uganda get screened for cervical cancer with a brush and a mobile phone, it looks like women in the U.S. will have to endure the speculum for the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Mm5ogJT-M9k'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Mm5ogJT-M9k'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/1819/smartphones-vinegar-and-the-future-of-cervical-cancer-screening","authors":["6620"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"series":["futureofyou_219"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_213","futureofyou_34","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_173","futureofyou_214","futureofyou_216","futureofyou_218","futureofyou_217","futureofyou_215"],"featImg":"futureofyou_2081","label":"futureofyou_54"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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