U.N. Takes 'Historic' Action Against Antibiotic Resistance
Scientists Create Vomiting Machine to Learn How Norovirus Spreads
Genetic Tweaks are Restoring Hearing in Animals, Raising Hopes For People
When It Comes To Learning for the Deaf, 'It's a 3-D Language'
Insurer Uses Personal Data to Predict Who Will Get Sick
Seasons May Tweak Genes That Trigger Some Chronic Diseases
The Doctor Will Video Chat With You Now: Insurer Covers Virtual Visits
Digital Tools for Health Come With 'Hope, Hype and Harm'
University and Biotech Firm Team Up on Colorblindness Therapy
Sponsored
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"futureofyou_250255":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_250255","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"250255","found":true},"title":"CHINA-HEALTH-ANTIBIOTICS","publishDate":1474590297,"status":"inherit","parent":250228,"modified":1474590378,"caption":"Chickens are seen in their enclosure at a poultry farm in Hefei, eastern China's Anhui province. Some chickens in this region have developed antibiotic resistance.","credit":" STR/AFP/Getty Images","description":"Chickens are seen in their enclosure at a poultry farm in Hefei, eastern China's Anhui province. Some chickens in this region have developed antibiotic resistance","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/chickens-400x261.jpg","width":400,"height":261,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/chickens-800x523.jpg","width":800,"height":523,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/chickens-768x502.jpg","width":768,"height":502,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/chickens-960x627.jpg","width":960,"height":627,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/chickens-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/chickens-1024x576.jpg","width":1024,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/chickens-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/chickens-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/chickens-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/chickens-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/chickens-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/chickens-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/chickens.jpg","width":1024,"height":669}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_28722":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_28722","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"28722","found":true},"title":"The vomit machine.","publishDate":1440168867,"status":"inherit","parent":28721,"modified":1440169073,"caption":"The vomit machine.","credit":"Courtesy of Grace Tung-Thompson","description":"The vomit machine.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214-400x300.jpg","width":400,"height":300,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214-800x600.jpg","width":800,"height":600,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214-1180x885.jpg","width":1180,"height":885,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214-1920x1440.jpg","width":1920,"height":1440,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214-1180x885.jpg","width":1180,"height":885,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214-960x720.jpg","width":960,"height":720,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-face-b07cb97b0d4786faa70e43dc1becd2d0a10b6214.jpg","width":1998,"height":1499}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_11886":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_11886","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"11886","found":true},"title":"sign language","publishDate":1436462466,"status":"inherit","parent":11869,"modified":1436462498,"caption":"Two young girls learning sign language ","credit":"daveynin / Flickr ","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sign-language-400x267.jpg","width":400,"height":267,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sign-language-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sign-language-1180x787.jpg","width":1180,"height":787,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sign-language-1180x787.jpg","width":1180,"height":787,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sign-language-960x640.jpg","width":960,"height":640,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sign-language-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sign-language-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sign-language-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sign-language-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sign-language-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sign-language-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sign-language-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/sign-language.jpg","width":2592,"height":1728}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_9375":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_9375","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"9375","found":true},"title":"Melissa Malzkuhn, director of the Motion Light Lab at Gallaudet University, suits up in motion capture to record a nursery rhyme for deaf children.","publishDate":1435851744,"status":"inherit","parent":9374,"modified":1435851744,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":"Melissa Malzkuhn, director of the Motion Light Lab at Gallaudet University, suits up in motion capture to record a nursery rhyme for deaf children.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/img_1561_custom-3170768dc604e0ee5601b3befbc2445a66907c131-400x283.jpg","width":400,"height":283,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/img_1561_custom-3170768dc604e0ee5601b3befbc2445a66907c131-800x566.jpg","width":800,"height":566,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/img_1561_custom-3170768dc604e0ee5601b3befbc2445a66907c131-1180x835.jpg","width":1180,"height":835,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/img_1561_custom-3170768dc604e0ee5601b3befbc2445a66907c131-1180x835.jpg","width":1180,"height":835,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/img_1561_custom-3170768dc604e0ee5601b3befbc2445a66907c131-960x679.jpg","width":960,"height":679,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/img_1561_custom-3170768dc604e0ee5601b3befbc2445a66907c131-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/img_1561_custom-3170768dc604e0ee5601b3befbc2445a66907c131-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/img_1561_custom-3170768dc604e0ee5601b3befbc2445a66907c131-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/img_1561_custom-3170768dc604e0ee5601b3befbc2445a66907c131-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/img_1561_custom-3170768dc604e0ee5601b3befbc2445a66907c131-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/img_1561_custom-3170768dc604e0ee5601b3befbc2445a66907c131-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/img_1561_custom-3170768dc604e0ee5601b3befbc2445a66907c131-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/img_1561_custom-3170768dc604e0ee5601b3befbc2445a66907c131.jpg","width":4868,"height":3443}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_4046":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_4046","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"4046","found":true},"title":"Carol and John Iovine say the health coach their insurer assigned John after he had a torrent of grave health problems in 2014 has helped them get the medical care he still needs. And it's helped keep him out of the hospital.","publishDate":1433869761,"status":"inherit","parent":4045,"modified":1433869901,"caption":null,"credit":"Todd Bookman/WHYY","description":"Carol and John Iovine say the health coach their insurer assigned John after he had a torrent of grave health problems in 2014 has helped them get the medical care he still needs. And it's helped keep him out of the hospital.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/bookman_john-and-carol-iovine_enl-9bc52cdb5f410c1ed779021c48d3548a8dabf324-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/bookman_john-and-carol-iovine_enl-9bc52cdb5f410c1ed779021c48d3548a8dabf324-800x449.jpg","width":800,"height":449,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/bookman_john-and-carol-iovine_enl-9bc52cdb5f410c1ed779021c48d3548a8dabf324-1180x663.jpg","width":1180,"height":663,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/bookman_john-and-carol-iovine_enl-9bc52cdb5f410c1ed779021c48d3548a8dabf324-1180x663.jpg","width":1180,"height":663,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/bookman_john-and-carol-iovine_enl-9bc52cdb5f410c1ed779021c48d3548a8dabf324-960x539.jpg","width":960,"height":539,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/bookman_john-and-carol-iovine_enl-9bc52cdb5f410c1ed779021c48d3548a8dabf324-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/bookman_john-and-carol-iovine_enl-9bc52cdb5f410c1ed779021c48d3548a8dabf324-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/bookman_john-and-carol-iovine_enl-9bc52cdb5f410c1ed779021c48d3548a8dabf324-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/bookman_john-and-carol-iovine_enl-9bc52cdb5f410c1ed779021c48d3548a8dabf324-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/bookman_john-and-carol-iovine_enl-9bc52cdb5f410c1ed779021c48d3548a8dabf324-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/bookman_john-and-carol-iovine_enl-9bc52cdb5f410c1ed779021c48d3548a8dabf324-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/bookman_john-and-carol-iovine_enl-9bc52cdb5f410c1ed779021c48d3548a8dabf324-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/06/bookman_john-and-carol-iovine_enl-9bc52cdb5f410c1ed779021c48d3548a8dabf324.jpg","width":1200,"height":674}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_3019":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_3019","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"3019","found":true},"title":"seasons","publishDate":1431536679,"status":"inherit","parent":3016,"modified":1431536709,"caption":"Changes in the season may affect more than your mood ","credit":"Luke Price / Flickr","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/seasons-400x267.jpg","width":400,"height":267,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/seasons-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/seasons-1180x787.jpg","width":1180,"height":787,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/seasons-1180x787.jpg","width":1180,"height":787,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/seasons-960x640.jpg","width":960,"height":640,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/seasons-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/seasons-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/seasons-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/seasons-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/seasons-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/seasons-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/seasons-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/seasons.jpg","width":5184,"height":3456}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_2582":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_2582","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"2582","found":true},"title":"UnitedHealthcare says it will cover doctors' visits by live video on smartphones, tablets and computers.","publishDate":1430437621,"status":"inherit","parent":2581,"modified":1430438360,"caption":null,"credit":"Doctor on Demand","description":"UnitedHealthcare says it will cover doctors' visits by live video on smartphones, tablets and computers.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/image-2-doctor-video-visit-tablet_wide-87d59663bd6cbaff3e8d0e369b6ba8713787cbec-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/image-2-doctor-video-visit-tablet_wide-87d59663bd6cbaff3e8d0e369b6ba8713787cbec-800x449.jpg","width":800,"height":449,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/image-2-doctor-video-visit-tablet_wide-87d59663bd6cbaff3e8d0e369b6ba8713787cbec-960x539.jpg","width":960,"height":539,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/image-2-doctor-video-visit-tablet_wide-87d59663bd6cbaff3e8d0e369b6ba8713787cbec-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/image-2-doctor-video-visit-tablet_wide-87d59663bd6cbaff3e8d0e369b6ba8713787cbec-1027x576.jpg","width":1027,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/image-2-doctor-video-visit-tablet_wide-87d59663bd6cbaff3e8d0e369b6ba8713787cbec-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/image-2-doctor-video-visit-tablet_wide-87d59663bd6cbaff3e8d0e369b6ba8713787cbec-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/image-2-doctor-video-visit-tablet_wide-87d59663bd6cbaff3e8d0e369b6ba8713787cbec-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/image-2-doctor-video-visit-tablet_wide-87d59663bd6cbaff3e8d0e369b6ba8713787cbec-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/image-2-doctor-video-visit-tablet_wide-87d59663bd6cbaff3e8d0e369b6ba8713787cbec-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/image-2-doctor-video-visit-tablet_wide-87d59663bd6cbaff3e8d0e369b6ba8713787cbec.jpg","width":1027,"height":577}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_1715":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_1715","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"1715","found":true},"title":"doctor health","publishDate":1429030401,"status":"inherit","parent":1710,"modified":1429030894,"caption":"Health technology is exploding. But does it meet doctors' expectations?","credit":" NEC Corporation of America","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health-400x267.jpg","width":400,"height":267,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health-1180x787.jpg","width":1180,"height":787,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health-1180x787.jpg","width":1180,"height":787,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health-320x213.jpg","width":320,"height":213,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/doctor-health.jpg","width":5184,"height":3456}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_843":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_843","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"843","found":true},"title":"A simulation from the Neitz lab of what colorblindness looks like, with normal color vision on the left and red-green colorblindness on the right.","publishDate":1427391076,"status":"inherit","parent":839,"modified":1427391545,"caption":"A simulation from the Neitz lab of what colorblindness looks like, with normal color vision on the left and red-green colorblindness on the right.\n(Courtesy Neitz Laboratory)","credit":null,"description":"A simulation from the Neitz lab of what colorblindness looks like, with normal color vision on the left and red-green colorblindness on the right.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59-800x450.jpg","width":800,"height":450,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59-1180x663.jpg","width":1180,"height":663,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59-1180x663.jpg","width":1180,"height":663,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59-768x432.jpg","width":768,"height":432,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59-320x180.jpg","width":320,"height":180,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/color-blindness-1_wide-bf5c91a846f6e9f0fa01df588c4d6a1f59731e59.jpg","width":2200,"height":1237}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_futureofyou_250228":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_250228","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_250228","name":"Michaeleen Doucleff \u003c/Br> NPR","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_28721":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_28721","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_28721","name":"Katherine Hobson","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_11869":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_11869","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_11869","name":"Jon Hamilton","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_9374":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_9374","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_9374","name":"Emma Bowman","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_4045":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_4045","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_4045","name":"Todd Bookman","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_3016":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_3016","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_3016","name":"Rob Stein","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_2581":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_2581","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_2581","name":"Aarti Shahani","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_1710":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_1710","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_1710","name":"Michelle Andrews","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_839":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_839","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_839","name":"Jon Hamilton","isLoading":false}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"futureofyou_250228":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_250228","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"250228","score":null,"sort":[1474660592000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"u-n-takes-historic-action-against-antibiotic-resistance","title":"U.N. Takes 'Historic' Action Against Antibiotic Resistance","publishDate":1474660592,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Historic. A possible turning point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the words health researchers are using to describe a declaration passed Wednesday by the U.N. General Assembly aiming to slow down the spread of superbugs — bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the declaration will have very strong implications,\" says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/en/\">World Health Organization's\u003c/a> Dr. Keiji Fukuda. \"What it will convey is that there's recognition that we have a big problem and there's a commitment to do something about it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, more than 2 million Americans get sick with antibiotic-resistant infections, and tens of thousands die as a result, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/pdf/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf\">says\u003c/a> the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Common diseases, like urinary tract infections and pneumonia, are becoming harder and harder to treat. And new superbugs are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/05/26/479639936/germ-resistant-to-antibiotic-of-last-resort-appears-in-u-s\">cropping up\u003c/a> — even here in the U.S. — that are resistant to last-resort drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors have been warning about this problem for decades. But in the past year or so, another group of researchers has started taking interest in superbugs: economists. And they quickly realized the problem goes way beyond health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Antibiotic resistance has immense economic consequences and immense implications for food,\" Fukuda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There's recognition that we have a big problem and there's a commitment to do something about it.'\u003ccite>Dr. Keiji Fukuda, World Health Organization\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"http://amr-review.org/sites/default/files/160525_Final%20paper_with%20cover.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the U.K. government found that antibiotic-resistant bacteria could cost the world $100 trillion by 2050 if nothing is done about it. The World Bank \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2016/09/18/by-2050-drug-resistant-infections-could-cause-global-economic-damage-on-par-with-2008-financial-crisis\">predicts\u003c/a> drug-resistant infections could damage the economy as much as — or even more than — the 2008 financial crisis. And annual global GDP could drop by 1 to 4 percent, the agency says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, farmers around the world have come to rely on antibiotics to raise animals. The drugs make pigs, cows and chickens grow fatter more quickly — and keeps them healthy in densely packed quarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we lose that ability we begin to perhaps lose the ability to have adequate food supplies in the world,\" Fukuda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's why world leaders are now getting involved. The U.N.'s declaration requires countries to come up with a two-year a plan to protect the potency of antibiotics. Countries need to create ways to monitor the use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture, start curbing that use and begin developing new antibiotics that work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_250257\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-250257\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/Staph.-aureus-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"Staphylococcus Aureus in biofilm, magnified.\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/Staph.-aureus-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/Staph.-aureus-400x270.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/Staph.-aureus-768x519.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/Staph.-aureus-960x649.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/Staph.-aureus.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Staphylococcus Aureus in biofilm, magnified. \u003ccite>(Janice Carr/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After two years, the U.N.'s secretary-general will assess each country's plan and check to make sure each is making progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think this is the first realistic chance, in our lifetime, to turn this around,\" Fukuda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's precedent for this optimism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2001, the U.N. made a \u003ca href=\"http://www.un.org/ga/aids/coverage/FinalDeclarationHIVAIDS.html\">similar declaration\u003c/a> about the HIV pandemic. And that declaration had a big impact on curbing the spread of HIV around the world, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cddep.org/profile/ramanan_laxminarayan#sthash.UiH1YYRk.dpbs\">Ramanan Laxminarayan\u003c/a>, who directs the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>The declaration made countries take responsibility for the HIV burden,\" he says. People were willing to start talking about and change their attitudes on stigma. And last but not least, the declaration made sure that lots of money went towards both treatment and prevention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there are a few weaknesses in the U.N.'s new plan on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. For example, there are no hardcore targets for reducing antibiotic use by a certain amount in two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he thinks the declaration could have the same impact on fighting antibiotic-resistant bacteria as the previous one had on fighting HIV. Since 2004, there \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/09/15/493760787/why-the-u-s-is-pledging-4-3-billion-to-the-global-fund\">has been\u003c/a> a 45 percent drop in AIDS-related deaths in countries supported by global HIV campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Am I optimistic? I certainly am,\" he says. \"In fact, we don't have a choice. We have to do better than we're doing right now because tens of thousands of people are now dying around the world, particularly newborns. And this is surely getting worse year by year.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An unprecedented U.N. declaration requires countries to come up with a two-year plan to protect the potency of antibiotics.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1474904794,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":685},"headData":{"title":"U.N. Takes 'Historic' Action Against Antibiotic Resistance | KQED","description":"An unprecedented U.N. declaration requires countries to come up with a two-year plan to protect the potency of antibiotics.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"U.N. Takes 'Historic' Action Against Antibiotic Resistance","datePublished":"2016-09-23T19:56:32.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-26T15:46:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"250228 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=250228","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/09/23/u-n-takes-historic-action-against-antibiotic-resistance/","disqusTitle":"U.N. Takes 'Historic' Action Against Antibiotic Resistance","nprByline":"Michaeleen Doucleff \u003c/Br> NPR","path":"/futureofyou/250228/u-n-takes-historic-action-against-antibiotic-resistance","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Historic. A possible turning point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the words health researchers are using to describe a declaration passed Wednesday by the U.N. General Assembly aiming to slow down the spread of superbugs — bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the declaration will have very strong implications,\" says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/en/\">World Health Organization's\u003c/a> Dr. Keiji Fukuda. \"What it will convey is that there's recognition that we have a big problem and there's a commitment to do something about it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, more than 2 million Americans get sick with antibiotic-resistant infections, and tens of thousands die as a result, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/pdf/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf\">says\u003c/a> the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Common diseases, like urinary tract infections and pneumonia, are becoming harder and harder to treat. And new superbugs are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/05/26/479639936/germ-resistant-to-antibiotic-of-last-resort-appears-in-u-s\">cropping up\u003c/a> — even here in the U.S. — that are resistant to last-resort drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors have been warning about this problem for decades. But in the past year or so, another group of researchers has started taking interest in superbugs: economists. And they quickly realized the problem goes way beyond health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Antibiotic resistance has immense economic consequences and immense implications for food,\" Fukuda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There's recognition that we have a big problem and there's a commitment to do something about it.'\u003ccite>Dr. Keiji Fukuda, World Health Organization\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"http://amr-review.org/sites/default/files/160525_Final%20paper_with%20cover.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the U.K. government found that antibiotic-resistant bacteria could cost the world $100 trillion by 2050 if nothing is done about it. The World Bank \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2016/09/18/by-2050-drug-resistant-infections-could-cause-global-economic-damage-on-par-with-2008-financial-crisis\">predicts\u003c/a> drug-resistant infections could damage the economy as much as — or even more than — the 2008 financial crisis. And annual global GDP could drop by 1 to 4 percent, the agency says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, farmers around the world have come to rely on antibiotics to raise animals. The drugs make pigs, cows and chickens grow fatter more quickly — and keeps them healthy in densely packed quarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we lose that ability we begin to perhaps lose the ability to have adequate food supplies in the world,\" Fukuda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's why world leaders are now getting involved. The U.N.'s declaration requires countries to come up with a two-year a plan to protect the potency of antibiotics. Countries need to create ways to monitor the use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture, start curbing that use and begin developing new antibiotics that work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_250257\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-250257\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/Staph.-aureus-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"Staphylococcus Aureus in biofilm, magnified.\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/Staph.-aureus-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/Staph.-aureus-400x270.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/Staph.-aureus-768x519.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/Staph.-aureus-960x649.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/09/Staph.-aureus.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Staphylococcus Aureus in biofilm, magnified. \u003ccite>(Janice Carr/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After two years, the U.N.'s secretary-general will assess each country's plan and check to make sure each is making progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think this is the first realistic chance, in our lifetime, to turn this around,\" Fukuda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's precedent for this optimism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2001, the U.N. made a \u003ca href=\"http://www.un.org/ga/aids/coverage/FinalDeclarationHIVAIDS.html\">similar declaration\u003c/a> about the HIV pandemic. And that declaration had a big impact on curbing the spread of HIV around the world, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cddep.org/profile/ramanan_laxminarayan#sthash.UiH1YYRk.dpbs\">Ramanan Laxminarayan\u003c/a>, who directs the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>The declaration made countries take responsibility for the HIV burden,\" he says. People were willing to start talking about and change their attitudes on stigma. And last but not least, the declaration made sure that lots of money went towards both treatment and prevention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there are a few weaknesses in the U.N.'s new plan on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. For example, there are no hardcore targets for reducing antibiotic use by a certain amount in two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he thinks the declaration could have the same impact on fighting antibiotic-resistant bacteria as the previous one had on fighting HIV. Since 2004, there \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/09/15/493760787/why-the-u-s-is-pledging-4-3-billion-to-the-global-fund\">has been\u003c/a> a 45 percent drop in AIDS-related deaths in countries supported by global HIV campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Am I optimistic? I certainly am,\" he says. \"In fact, we don't have a choice. We have to do better than we're doing right now because tens of thousands of people are now dying around the world, particularly newborns. And this is surely getting worse year by year.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/250228/u-n-takes-historic-action-against-antibiotic-resistance","authors":["byline_futureofyou_250228"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_697","futureofyou_651","futureofyou_125","futureofyou_1058","futureofyou_1059"],"featImg":"futureofyou_250255","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_28721":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_28721","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"28721","score":null,"sort":[1440176405000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"scientists-create-vomiting-machine-to-learn-how-norovirus-spreads","title":"Scientists Create Vomiting Machine to Learn How Norovirus Spreads","publishDate":1440176405,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Norovirus is a huge public health problem, sickening \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/trends-outbreaks.html\">as many as 21 million people a year\u003c/a> in the U.S. But for all the gastric distress it causes, there are still some basic, unanswered questions about the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One biggie: When an ill person vomits, does norovirus become aerosolized? That is, can an ill person's vomiting launch tiny viral particles into the air, where they might waft into your mouth or onto surfaces that you would later touch?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A person sick with norovirus can spread billions of infectious particles, and only 18 are enough to make another person ill.\u003ccite>Centers for Disease Prevention and Control\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If you're now grossed out, you have good reason. Studies of the infection patterns that occur in outbreaks suggest that norovirus can indeed be aerosolized. And now there's some experimental evidence to add to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at North Carolina State and Wake Forest universities wanted to know what happens to norovirus when it's vomited out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We first talked to a gastroenterologist and looked through the literature about what's known about vomiting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://fbns.ncsu.edu/faculty-directory/lee-ann-jaykus/\">Lee-Ann Jaykus\u003c/a>, a food microbiologist at N.C. State and an author of the study. Not as much as you might think, it turns out. So the researchers worked with a civil engineer to construct a one-quarter scale vomiting device based on what \u003cem>is\u003c/em> known about pressure, volume and other vomit metrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device allowed the researchers to control the volume, viscosity and pressure of the simulated vomiting incidents. Jell-O instant pudding was added to make the lab vomit thicker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they ran a series of experiments, changing the variables to simulate a range of vomiting behavior. They even ran one series of incidents with post-vomit retches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28726\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-28726\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-machine-1_custom-aa79d2130a323c615c415048d9e664e284beeeea-s800-c85-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"The vomit machine and vomit chamber.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-machine-1_custom-aa79d2130a323c615c415048d9e664e284beeeea-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-machine-1_custom-aa79d2130a323c615c415048d9e664e284beeeea-s800-c85-400x248.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vomit machine and vomit chamber. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Grace Tung-Thompson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though they conducted the experiments in a sealed Plexiglas box under a biosafety hood, norovirus was still too dangerous to use. A person sick with norovirus can spread billions of infectious particles, and only 18 are enough to make another person ill, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/hcp/clinical-overview.html\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the researchers enlisted a harmless stand-in, a bacteriophage that is often used in place of norovirus in experiments. Only a fraction of virus particles were aerosolized during a typical vomiting incident. But there were definitely enough to make you sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134277\">appear\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>PLOS ONE\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25900175\">recent study\u003c/a> collected air samples from eight health care facilities during norovirus outbreaks and found viral particles outside patient rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Taken together, they start to paint a pretty good picture of why norovirus is so atrociously infectious,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://healthcare.utah.edu/fad/mddetail.php?physicianID=u0028338\">Andrew Pavia\u003c/a>, chief of the division of pediatric infectious diseases at the University of Utah and a spokesman for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, though the researchers did their best to simulate human vomiting, they didn't do a complete mock-up of the human digestive system. (A robot named \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/01/04/168608466/as-norovirus-rages-a-robot-named-vomiting-larry-gets-a-closeup\">Vomiting Larry\u003c/a> is more anatomically accurate, but is less precise with regard to pressure, says Pavia.) And while the bacteriophage was chosen because of its similarity to norovirus, it may not behave the same way when aerosolized, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Katherine Hobson is a freelance health and science writer based in Brooklyn, N.Y. She's on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/katherinehobson\">@katherinehobson\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Create+Vomiting+Machine+To+Learn+How+Norovirus+Spreads&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"To investigate whether norovirus particles might form an infectious aerosol spray when a sick person vomits, researchers built a simulator that uses Jell-O instant pudding in explosive experiments.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477279802,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":567},"headData":{"title":"Scientists Create Vomiting Machine to Learn How Norovirus Spreads | KQED","description":"To investigate whether norovirus particles might form an infectious aerosol spray when a sick person vomits, researchers built a simulator that uses Jell-O instant pudding in explosive experiments.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Scientists Create Vomiting Machine to Learn How Norovirus Spreads","datePublished":"2015-08-21T17:00:05.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T03:30:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"28721 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=28721","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/08/21/scientists-create-vomiting-machine-to-learn-how-norovirus-spreads/","disqusTitle":"Scientists Create Vomiting Machine to Learn How Norovirus Spreads","nprByline":"Katherine Hobson","nprStoryId":"432770292","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=432770292&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/19/432770292/scientists-create-vomiting-machine-to-learn-how-norovirus-spreads?ft=nprml&f=432770292","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 20 Aug 2015 16:58:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 19 Aug 2015 14:04:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 20 Aug 2015 16:58:33 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/28721/scientists-create-vomiting-machine-to-learn-how-norovirus-spreads","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Norovirus is a huge public health problem, sickening \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/trends-outbreaks.html\">as many as 21 million people a year\u003c/a> in the U.S. But for all the gastric distress it causes, there are still some basic, unanswered questions about the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One biggie: When an ill person vomits, does norovirus become aerosolized? That is, can an ill person's vomiting launch tiny viral particles into the air, where they might waft into your mouth or onto surfaces that you would later touch?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A person sick with norovirus can spread billions of infectious particles, and only 18 are enough to make another person ill.\u003ccite>Centers for Disease Prevention and Control\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If you're now grossed out, you have good reason. Studies of the infection patterns that occur in outbreaks suggest that norovirus can indeed be aerosolized. And now there's some experimental evidence to add to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at North Carolina State and Wake Forest universities wanted to know what happens to norovirus when it's vomited out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We first talked to a gastroenterologist and looked through the literature about what's known about vomiting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://fbns.ncsu.edu/faculty-directory/lee-ann-jaykus/\">Lee-Ann Jaykus\u003c/a>, a food microbiologist at N.C. State and an author of the study. Not as much as you might think, it turns out. So the researchers worked with a civil engineer to construct a one-quarter scale vomiting device based on what \u003cem>is\u003c/em> known about pressure, volume and other vomit metrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device allowed the researchers to control the volume, viscosity and pressure of the simulated vomiting incidents. Jell-O instant pudding was added to make the lab vomit thicker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they ran a series of experiments, changing the variables to simulate a range of vomiting behavior. They even ran one series of incidents with post-vomit retches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28726\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-28726\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-machine-1_custom-aa79d2130a323c615c415048d9e664e284beeeea-s800-c85-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"The vomit machine and vomit chamber.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-machine-1_custom-aa79d2130a323c615c415048d9e664e284beeeea-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-machine-1_custom-aa79d2130a323c615c415048d9e664e284beeeea-s800-c85-400x248.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vomit machine and vomit chamber. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Grace Tung-Thompson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though they conducted the experiments in a sealed Plexiglas box under a biosafety hood, norovirus was still too dangerous to use. A person sick with norovirus can spread billions of infectious particles, and only 18 are enough to make another person ill, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/hcp/clinical-overview.html\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the researchers enlisted a harmless stand-in, a bacteriophage that is often used in place of norovirus in experiments. Only a fraction of virus particles were aerosolized during a typical vomiting incident. But there were definitely enough to make you sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134277\">appear\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>PLOS ONE\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25900175\">recent study\u003c/a> collected air samples from eight health care facilities during norovirus outbreaks and found viral particles outside patient rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Taken together, they start to paint a pretty good picture of why norovirus is so atrociously infectious,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://healthcare.utah.edu/fad/mddetail.php?physicianID=u0028338\">Andrew Pavia\u003c/a>, chief of the division of pediatric infectious diseases at the University of Utah and a spokesman for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, though the researchers did their best to simulate human vomiting, they didn't do a complete mock-up of the human digestive system. (A robot named \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/01/04/168608466/as-norovirus-rages-a-robot-named-vomiting-larry-gets-a-closeup\">Vomiting Larry\u003c/a> is more anatomically accurate, but is less precise with regard to pressure, says Pavia.) And while the bacteriophage was chosen because of its similarity to norovirus, it may not behave the same way when aerosolized, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Katherine Hobson is a freelance health and science writer based in Brooklyn, N.Y. She's on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/katherinehobson\">@katherinehobson\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Create+Vomiting+Machine+To+Learn+How+Norovirus+Spreads&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/28721/scientists-create-vomiting-machine-to-learn-how-norovirus-spreads","authors":["byline_futureofyou_28721"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062"],"tags":["futureofyou_34","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_568","futureofyou_125"],"featImg":"futureofyou_28722","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_11869":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_11869","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"11869","score":null,"sort":[1436462541000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"genetic-tweaks-are-restoring-hearing-in-animals-raising-hopes-for-people","title":"Genetic Tweaks are Restoring Hearing in Animals, Raising Hopes For People","publishDate":1436462541,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Researchers have taken another step toward reversing deafness using gene therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest success involves mice with an inherited form of deafness, a team \u003ca href=\"http://stm.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aab1996\">reports\u003c/a> Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Science Translational Medicine\u003c/em>. And a similar approach is already being tried in people with hearing loss caused by damage to cells in the inner ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'd say we are very close\" to having gene therapies that can restore hearing loss from a wide range of causes, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/58009.html\">Dr. Tobias Moser\u003c/a>, a professor of auditory neuroscience at the University of Göttingen in Germany. Moser wrote an \u003ca href=\"http://stm.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aac7545\">article\u003c/a> accompanying the mouse study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study is the result of an effort to help children with hearing loss caused by genetic defects, says co-author \u003ca href=\"http://www.childrenshospital.org/researchers/jeffrey-holt\">Jeffrey Holt\u003c/a>, a researcher at Harvard and Boston Children's Hospital whose work is supported by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fondation-bertarelli.org/\">Bertarelli Foundation\u003c/a>. In the U.S. alone, thousands of children are born each year with inherited hearing loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But gene therapies could eventually allow many of them to hear, Holt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A baby who is born deaf could have their genome sequenced,\" he says. \"If we identify the specific gene that's causing the deafness then you could tailor a precision treatment, hopefully restoring function.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holt and his team, including lead author \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/holtgeleoclab/people\">Charles Askew\u003c/a>, have been studying genes that affect hearing. And they've focused on a gene called TMC1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally this gene allows cells in the inner ear to convert sounds into electrical signals that are sent to the brain, Holt says. But when the gene is mutated, he says, this doesn't happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once we realized we had this deafness gene we began thinking about how we might be able to restore function in these patients with genetic hearing loss,\" Holt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their idea was to use gene therapy to replace mutated TMC1 genes with genes that functioned correctly. And when the team tried this in mice, \"the deaf mice began to jump\" when they heard a loud sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electrical signals in the brain confirmed that the mice were no longer deaf. But the treatment didn't fully restore hearing, and still needs some tweaks, Holt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would be premature to say this is ready for the clinic,\" Holt says. \"But I am optimistic that in the not too distant future some of this really could make a difference in people's lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big question now is not whether gene therapy for inherited deafness will work, but whether there will be enough money to pay for it, says Moser. That's because there are dozens of different genetic mutations that can affect hearing and each one may need its own customized treatment, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you think how much it will cost to really go through all the clinical trials until you actually have [Food and Drug Administration] approval, this will I fear really limit the chances to put this into practice,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, countries including the U.S. have already proved willing to spend a lot to restore hearing, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.kumc.edu/school-of-medicine/otolaryngology/faculty-and-staff/faculty/hinrich-staecker.html\">Hinrich Staecker\u003c/a>, an otolaryngologist and researcher at the University of Kansas Medical Center. \"People consider it a very effective use of funds to put two cochlear implants in a child,\" he says. \"So you're looking at an intervention to make a child hear again at a cost of $120,000 or so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staecker is one of the scientists conducting the first \u003ca href=\"http://www.genvec.com/product-pipeline/cgf-166-hearing-loss\">study\u003c/a> attempting to use gene therapy to restore hearing in people. It's funded by the drug company Novartis and involves adults who have lost most of their hearing because of damage to hair cells, the receptors in the inner ear that detect sound. The most common reasons for this damage are toxic medications and exposure to very loud sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The therapy is designed to deliver a gene to the inner ear that generates new hair cells. That approach worked in animals, but it's too soon to say whether it will also work in people, Staecker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news so far is that the treatment hasn't caused any health problems, Staecker says. That's been a major concern ever since a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1064682\">teenager died\u003c/a> in an early experiment using gene therapy\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have not had any safety issues with the trial,\" Staecker says. \"So I think the whole idea of using gene therapy for hearing loss is probably something that we will be able to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Genetic+Tweaks+Are+Restoring+Hearing+In+Animals%2C+Raising+Hopes+For+People&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The latest accomplishment for gene therapy involves mice with inherited deafness. Meanwhile, the drugmaker Novartis is conducting the first trial of gene therapy for people with hearing loss.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477280949,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":754},"headData":{"title":"Genetic Tweaks are Restoring Hearing in Animals, Raising Hopes For People | KQED","description":"The latest accomplishment for gene therapy involves mice with inherited deafness. Meanwhile, the drugmaker Novartis is conducting the first trial of gene therapy for people with hearing loss.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Genetic Tweaks are Restoring Hearing in Animals, Raising Hopes For People","datePublished":"2015-07-09T17:22:21.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T03:49:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"11869 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=11869","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/07/09/genetic-tweaks-are-restoring-hearing-in-animals-raising-hopes-for-people/","disqusTitle":"Genetic Tweaks are Restoring Hearing in Animals, Raising Hopes For People","nprByline":"Jon Hamilton","nprStoryId":"421204204","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=421204204&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/07/08/421204204/genetic-tweaks-are-restoring-hearing-in-animals-raising-hopes-for-people?ft=nprml&f=421204204","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 08 Jul 2015 19:50:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 08 Jul 2015 14:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 08 Jul 2015 19:50:19 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/07/20150708_atc_genetic_tweaks_are_restoring_hearing_in_animals_raising_hopes_for_people.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=229&p=2&story=421204204&t=progseg&e=421144858&seg=6&ft=nprml&f=421204204","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1421225096-3d10eb.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=229&p=2&story=421204204&t=progseg&e=421144858&seg=6&ft=nprml&f=421204204","path":"/futureofyou/11869/genetic-tweaks-are-restoring-hearing-in-animals-raising-hopes-for-people","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/07/20150708_atc_genetic_tweaks_are_restoring_hearing_in_animals_raising_hopes_for_people.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=229&p=2&story=421204204&t=progseg&e=421144858&seg=6&ft=nprml&f=421204204","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers have taken another step toward reversing deafness using gene therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest success involves mice with an inherited form of deafness, a team \u003ca href=\"http://stm.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aab1996\">reports\u003c/a> Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Science Translational Medicine\u003c/em>. And a similar approach is already being tried in people with hearing loss caused by damage to cells in the inner ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'd say we are very close\" to having gene therapies that can restore hearing loss from a wide range of causes, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/58009.html\">Dr. Tobias Moser\u003c/a>, a professor of auditory neuroscience at the University of Göttingen in Germany. Moser wrote an \u003ca href=\"http://stm.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aac7545\">article\u003c/a> accompanying the mouse study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study is the result of an effort to help children with hearing loss caused by genetic defects, says co-author \u003ca href=\"http://www.childrenshospital.org/researchers/jeffrey-holt\">Jeffrey Holt\u003c/a>, a researcher at Harvard and Boston Children's Hospital whose work is supported by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fondation-bertarelli.org/\">Bertarelli Foundation\u003c/a>. In the U.S. alone, thousands of children are born each year with inherited hearing loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But gene therapies could eventually allow many of them to hear, Holt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A baby who is born deaf could have their genome sequenced,\" he says. \"If we identify the specific gene that's causing the deafness then you could tailor a precision treatment, hopefully restoring function.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holt and his team, including lead author \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/holtgeleoclab/people\">Charles Askew\u003c/a>, have been studying genes that affect hearing. And they've focused on a gene called TMC1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally this gene allows cells in the inner ear to convert sounds into electrical signals that are sent to the brain, Holt says. But when the gene is mutated, he says, this doesn't happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once we realized we had this deafness gene we began thinking about how we might be able to restore function in these patients with genetic hearing loss,\" Holt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their idea was to use gene therapy to replace mutated TMC1 genes with genes that functioned correctly. And when the team tried this in mice, \"the deaf mice began to jump\" when they heard a loud sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electrical signals in the brain confirmed that the mice were no longer deaf. But the treatment didn't fully restore hearing, and still needs some tweaks, Holt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would be premature to say this is ready for the clinic,\" Holt says. \"But I am optimistic that in the not too distant future some of this really could make a difference in people's lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big question now is not whether gene therapy for inherited deafness will work, but whether there will be enough money to pay for it, says Moser. That's because there are dozens of different genetic mutations that can affect hearing and each one may need its own customized treatment, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you think how much it will cost to really go through all the clinical trials until you actually have [Food and Drug Administration] approval, this will I fear really limit the chances to put this into practice,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, countries including the U.S. have already proved willing to spend a lot to restore hearing, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.kumc.edu/school-of-medicine/otolaryngology/faculty-and-staff/faculty/hinrich-staecker.html\">Hinrich Staecker\u003c/a>, an otolaryngologist and researcher at the University of Kansas Medical Center. \"People consider it a very effective use of funds to put two cochlear implants in a child,\" he says. \"So you're looking at an intervention to make a child hear again at a cost of $120,000 or so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staecker is one of the scientists conducting the first \u003ca href=\"http://www.genvec.com/product-pipeline/cgf-166-hearing-loss\">study\u003c/a> attempting to use gene therapy to restore hearing in people. It's funded by the drug company Novartis and involves adults who have lost most of their hearing because of damage to hair cells, the receptors in the inner ear that detect sound. The most common reasons for this damage are toxic medications and exposure to very loud sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The therapy is designed to deliver a gene to the inner ear that generates new hair cells. That approach worked in animals, but it's too soon to say whether it will also work in people, Staecker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news so far is that the treatment hasn't caused any health problems, Staecker says. That's been a major concern ever since a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1064682\">teenager died\u003c/a> in an early experiment using gene therapy\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have not had any safety issues with the trial,\" Staecker says. \"So I think the whole idea of using gene therapy for hearing loss is probably something that we will be able to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Genetic+Tweaks+Are+Restoring+Hearing+In+Animals%2C+Raising+Hopes+For+People&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/11869/genetic-tweaks-are-restoring-hearing-in-animals-raising-hopes-for-people","authors":["byline_futureofyou_11869"],"categories":["futureofyou_1064"],"tags":["futureofyou_488","futureofyou_17","futureofyou_120","futureofyou_398","futureofyou_270","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_125","futureofyou_506"],"featImg":"futureofyou_11886","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_9374":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_9374","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"9374","score":null,"sort":[1435851902000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-it-comes-to-learning-for-the-deaf-its-a-3-d-language","title":"When It Comes To Learning for the Deaf, 'It's a 3-D Language'","publishDate":1435851902,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>In a small, sparse makeshift lab, Melissa Malzkuhn practices her range of motion in a black, full-body unitard dotted with light-reflecting nodes. She's strapped on a motion capture, or mocap, suit. Infrared cameras that line the room will capture her movement and translate it into a 3-D character, or avatar, on a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she's not making a Disney animated film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three-dimensional motion capture has developed quickly in the last few years, most notably as a Hollywood production tool for computer animation in films like \u003cem>Planet of the Apes\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Avatar\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the scenes though, leaders in the deaf community are taking on the technology to create and improve bilingual learning tools in American Sign Language. Malzkuhn has suited up to record a simple nursery rhyme. Being deaf herself, she spoke with NPR through an interpreter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know in English there's just a wealth of nursery rhymes available, but we really don't see as much in ASL,\" she says. \"So we're gonna be doing some original work here in developing nursery rhymes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because sound-based rhymes don't cross over well into the visual language of ASL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malzkuhn heads the \u003ca href=\"http://www.motionlightlab.com/\">Motion Light Lab\u003c/a>, or ML2. It's the newest hub of the National Science Foundation Science of Learning Center, Visual Language and Visual Learning (\u003ca href=\"http://vl2.gallaudet.edu/\">VL2\u003c/a>) at Gallaudet University, the premier school for deaf and hard of hearing students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using high tech to translate research into tangible educational products has been the goal of ML2's all-deaf team since it launched in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its latest venture, the team wants to pair original ASL rhymes with a 3-D signing avatar, a concept that could eventually be rendered into a signing cartoon animal on a kids show, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab's new equipment was funded by a grant VL2 \u003ca href=\"https://www.gallaudet.edu/news/keck-petitto-language-grant.html\">recently received\u003c/a> through the Keck Foundation. Part of the lab's role is to design visual stimuli for a 6- to 10-month-old to study how and when deaf infants are ready to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the hearing are auditory and the deaf are visual, how we process the language goes to the exact same center of our brain, Malzkuhn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think often, people don't realize that, which leads to the assumption that deaf people are lacking something,\" she says. \"People think, 'How can you learn a language if you don't hear it?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But VL2 research has shown that language delay can have negative outcomes later in life. Early exposure to bilingualism and learning through narrative structure are critical to cognitive development for both the deaf and non-deaf. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/06/09/413069565/sesame-street-improves-school-readiness-research-says\">recent study\u003c/a>, which measured the effects of watching \u003cem>Sesame Street,\u003c/em> supports the idea that narratives can have a positive, \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/sesame-street-and-its-surprisingly-powerful-effects-on-how-children-learn/2015/06/07/59c73fe4-095c-11e5-9e39-0db921c47b93_story.html\">lasting impact on kids\u003c/a> academically when delivered at an early age. Nursery rhymes in particular can aid children's memory and prediction skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ML2's largest strength is its storytelling, Malzkuhn says. And for the hard of hearing, that means storytelling must be visual and integrated early on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most kids learn their ABC's through the classic song, but English nursery rhymes don't translate well to ASL. The sign language grammar structure is much different from that of English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Think about it,\" Malzkuhn says. \"English has a very sound-based way of rhyming [...] and it helps them to be able to think and memorize things and then express language because they're used to hearing those patterns and rhythms of the language.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To translate rhymes to a non-sound based language, she adds, the team keeps repetitive rhythms available through the use of common handshapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Motion capture tracks these \"temporal rhythms\" of hand gestures and reflects the data on a dual monitor like a polygraph, which acts as a blueprint for the 3-D signing avatar. (In ASL, signage and facial expressions work to translate what might be compared to vocal intonations in English.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team has also experimented with virtual reality devices like \u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/1Ki8gEy\">Oculus Rift\u003c/a> and Kinect to take advantage of the 3-D landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sign language is a 3-D language,\" Malzkuhn says. \"We use the space in front of us, the space around us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacy Abrams, who coordinates a deaf mentorship program in Arizona, thinks capturing the 3-D data in its \"truer form\" would improve a child's learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can see the motion better. You can see the rhythm,\" she says. \"Some parents struggle with handshapes or fingerspelling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the tricky example of the word for \"chair\" versus \"sit.\" Both have the same handshape in ASL, but the sign for \"chair\" has a smaller double movement, while \"sit\" has a larger, single movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"3-D would have to clarify that,\" Abrams adds. \"3-D will help understanding structure and grammar within sign language. It's closer to a real live person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ML2 has also been developing \u003ca href=\"http://vl2storybookapps.com/\">bilingual storybook apps\u003c/a> for the iPad. Signers can analyze facial expressions, expand vocabulary or mimic the signs within the tablet app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the parents are new ASL signers, they can access the story through the English component. More than \u003ca href=\"http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/pages/quick.aspx\">90 percent of deaf children\u003c/a> are born to hearing families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a huge process for a hearing person to first learn that they have a visually oriented child, and how do they best provide the access to the child,\" Malzkuhn says. \"I think that's where we as a research hub come in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallaudet has a rich community and a history of generations of people who are deaf. But some deaf people don't sign, which can limit their ability to be part of the culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deaf mentor Stacy Abrams has seen what kind of impact limited accessibility can have on deaf kids. The families she works with often have no access to ASL or deaf mentors, and some of the children have never seen other deaf children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when they are able to borrow or check out an iPad, apps like ML2's are a gateway to language accessibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arthur, a 3-year-old boy with hearing parents that Abrams mentored, came from a rural area in New Mexico and refused to look her in the eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was very shy, not understanding how to use eye contact to communicate\" since he had been refusing to use sign language, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she showed him the storybook apps, he was hooked. So she added the iPad as a tool to get his attention. Before she would hand over the tablet, she had him copy her signs and look her in the eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This engaged him in learning, but it's not enough to leave him alone without community,\" Abrams says. \"He moved to the deaf school and is making progress.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.or\u003c/em>g/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+It+Comes+To+Learning+For+The+Deaf%2C+%27It%27s+A+3-D+Language%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"English nursery rhymes don't translate well to ASL, a visual language. One team is merging high tech with cognitive research to improve language learning for deaf and hard of hearing children.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1435851902,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1142},"headData":{"title":"When It Comes To Learning for the Deaf, 'It's a 3-D Language' | KQED","description":"English nursery rhymes don't translate well to ASL, a visual language. One team is merging high tech with cognitive research to improve language learning for deaf and hard of hearing children.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"When It Comes To Learning for the Deaf, 'It's a 3-D Language'","datePublished":"2015-07-02T15:45:02.000Z","dateModified":"2015-07-02T15:45:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"9374 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=9374","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/07/02/when-it-comes-to-learning-for-the-deaf-its-a-3-d-language/","disqusTitle":"When It Comes To Learning for the Deaf, 'It's a 3-D Language'","nprByline":"Emma Bowman","nprStoryId":"417109518","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=417109518&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2015/06/28/417109518/when-it-comes-to-learning-for-the-deaf-its-a-3-d-language?ft=nprml&f=417109518","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sun, 28 Jun 2015 14:36:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 28 Jun 2015 14:36:52 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sun, 28 Jun 2015 14:36:52 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/9374/when-it-comes-to-learning-for-the-deaf-its-a-3-d-language","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a small, sparse makeshift lab, Melissa Malzkuhn practices her range of motion in a black, full-body unitard dotted with light-reflecting nodes. She's strapped on a motion capture, or mocap, suit. Infrared cameras that line the room will capture her movement and translate it into a 3-D character, or avatar, on a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she's not making a Disney animated film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three-dimensional motion capture has developed quickly in the last few years, most notably as a Hollywood production tool for computer animation in films like \u003cem>Planet of the Apes\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Avatar\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the scenes though, leaders in the deaf community are taking on the technology to create and improve bilingual learning tools in American Sign Language. Malzkuhn has suited up to record a simple nursery rhyme. Being deaf herself, she spoke with NPR through an interpreter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know in English there's just a wealth of nursery rhymes available, but we really don't see as much in ASL,\" she says. \"So we're gonna be doing some original work here in developing nursery rhymes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because sound-based rhymes don't cross over well into the visual language of ASL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malzkuhn heads the \u003ca href=\"http://www.motionlightlab.com/\">Motion Light Lab\u003c/a>, or ML2. It's the newest hub of the National Science Foundation Science of Learning Center, Visual Language and Visual Learning (\u003ca href=\"http://vl2.gallaudet.edu/\">VL2\u003c/a>) at Gallaudet University, the premier school for deaf and hard of hearing students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using high tech to translate research into tangible educational products has been the goal of ML2's all-deaf team since it launched in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its latest venture, the team wants to pair original ASL rhymes with a 3-D signing avatar, a concept that could eventually be rendered into a signing cartoon animal on a kids show, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab's new equipment was funded by a grant VL2 \u003ca href=\"https://www.gallaudet.edu/news/keck-petitto-language-grant.html\">recently received\u003c/a> through the Keck Foundation. Part of the lab's role is to design visual stimuli for a 6- to 10-month-old to study how and when deaf infants are ready to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the hearing are auditory and the deaf are visual, how we process the language goes to the exact same center of our brain, Malzkuhn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think often, people don't realize that, which leads to the assumption that deaf people are lacking something,\" she says. \"People think, 'How can you learn a language if you don't hear it?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But VL2 research has shown that language delay can have negative outcomes later in life. Early exposure to bilingualism and learning through narrative structure are critical to cognitive development for both the deaf and non-deaf. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/06/09/413069565/sesame-street-improves-school-readiness-research-says\">recent study\u003c/a>, which measured the effects of watching \u003cem>Sesame Street,\u003c/em> supports the idea that narratives can have a positive, \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/sesame-street-and-its-surprisingly-powerful-effects-on-how-children-learn/2015/06/07/59c73fe4-095c-11e5-9e39-0db921c47b93_story.html\">lasting impact on kids\u003c/a> academically when delivered at an early age. Nursery rhymes in particular can aid children's memory and prediction skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ML2's largest strength is its storytelling, Malzkuhn says. And for the hard of hearing, that means storytelling must be visual and integrated early on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most kids learn their ABC's through the classic song, but English nursery rhymes don't translate well to ASL. The sign language grammar structure is much different from that of English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Think about it,\" Malzkuhn says. \"English has a very sound-based way of rhyming [...] and it helps them to be able to think and memorize things and then express language because they're used to hearing those patterns and rhythms of the language.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To translate rhymes to a non-sound based language, she adds, the team keeps repetitive rhythms available through the use of common handshapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Motion capture tracks these \"temporal rhythms\" of hand gestures and reflects the data on a dual monitor like a polygraph, which acts as a blueprint for the 3-D signing avatar. (In ASL, signage and facial expressions work to translate what might be compared to vocal intonations in English.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team has also experimented with virtual reality devices like \u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/1Ki8gEy\">Oculus Rift\u003c/a> and Kinect to take advantage of the 3-D landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sign language is a 3-D language,\" Malzkuhn says. \"We use the space in front of us, the space around us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacy Abrams, who coordinates a deaf mentorship program in Arizona, thinks capturing the 3-D data in its \"truer form\" would improve a child's learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can see the motion better. You can see the rhythm,\" she says. \"Some parents struggle with handshapes or fingerspelling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the tricky example of the word for \"chair\" versus \"sit.\" Both have the same handshape in ASL, but the sign for \"chair\" has a smaller double movement, while \"sit\" has a larger, single movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"3-D would have to clarify that,\" Abrams adds. \"3-D will help understanding structure and grammar within sign language. It's closer to a real live person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ML2 has also been developing \u003ca href=\"http://vl2storybookapps.com/\">bilingual storybook apps\u003c/a> for the iPad. Signers can analyze facial expressions, expand vocabulary or mimic the signs within the tablet app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the parents are new ASL signers, they can access the story through the English component. More than \u003ca href=\"http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/pages/quick.aspx\">90 percent of deaf children\u003c/a> are born to hearing families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a huge process for a hearing person to first learn that they have a visually oriented child, and how do they best provide the access to the child,\" Malzkuhn says. \"I think that's where we as a research hub come in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallaudet has a rich community and a history of generations of people who are deaf. But some deaf people don't sign, which can limit their ability to be part of the culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deaf mentor Stacy Abrams has seen what kind of impact limited accessibility can have on deaf kids. The families she works with often have no access to ASL or deaf mentors, and some of the children have never seen other deaf children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when they are able to borrow or check out an iPad, apps like ML2's are a gateway to language accessibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arthur, a 3-year-old boy with hearing parents that Abrams mentored, came from a rural area in New Mexico and refused to look her in the eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was very shy, not understanding how to use eye contact to communicate\" since he had been refusing to use sign language, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she showed him the storybook apps, he was hooked. So she added the iPad as a tool to get his attention. Before she would hand over the tablet, she had him copy her signs and look her in the eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This engaged him in learning, but it's not enough to leave him alone without community,\" Abrams says. \"He moved to the deaf school and is making progress.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.or\u003c/em>g/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+It+Comes+To+Learning+For+The+Deaf%2C+%27It%27s+A+3-D+Language%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/9374/when-it-comes-to-learning-for-the-deaf-its-a-3-d-language","authors":["byline_futureofyou_9374"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_489","futureofyou_488","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_125","futureofyou_449"],"featImg":"futureofyou_9375","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_4045":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_4045","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"4045","score":null,"sort":[1433869968000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"insurer-uses-personal-data-to-predict-who-will-get-sick","title":"Insurer Uses Personal Data to Predict Who Will Get Sick","publishDate":1433869968,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>The first thing out of John Iovine's mouth is an apology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You got to forgive me if I don't remember too much,\" he says. \"I had a stroke.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Signs of that stroke are everywhere — the bed in the dining room, a shower installed in the pantry. John is thin, and sits in blue pajama pants in the wheelchair he uses to get around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He may, however, have overstated his memory problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We went to Harding ... that's the school right up here,\" he says. It was 1952, and that's where he saw the woman who would become his wife — \"this girl, in this long red sweater, and her red hair. And I said, 'That's the girl for me,' \" he says of Carol Iovine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I came out on top,\" he says, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol, who is sitting next to her husband, explains that John's stroke came in the middle of a bad run of health. First, he developed an ulcer, she says. Then he needed a bowel resection. After that came the stroke — and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He had pneumonia, jaundice, sepsis; clot in the right lung,\" she adds. All of that hit between October 2013 and January 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John, a former house painter, spent 79 days in the hospital — some of that unconscious, and nearly all of it stuck in a bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Aw, man — it was hell,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sink or Swim \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Iovine finally went home in April of last year, after several months in a rehab facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this point in patients' recovery — when they've been discharged and have to sink or swim on their own — is the stage that everyone in the health system is paying special attention to right now. For too long, too many people like John Iovine would take a dive at this stage, and end up back in the hospital again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry calls these returns to the hospital \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/medicare-readmissions-penalties-2015/\">preventable readmissions\u003c/a>, and they are a huge drain on finances, costing Medicare alone $15 billion annually. That's why Medicare launched an initiative a few years ago that penalizes hospitals that see too many patients readmitted too soon. And in turn, that spurred many hospitals to pay more attention to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now insurance companies are also taking a stab at a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are trying to identify which patients are likely to be hospitalized in the next three months — so that's our target,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ibx.com/company_info/news/press_releases/2014/09_30_IBC_s_Chief_Informatics_.html\">Somesh Nigam\u003c/a>. He's the chief informatics officer for Independence Blue Cross, a Philadelphia-based insurance firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independence Blue Cross, he says, is working to identify all those among its customers who are sick or frail enough to be on the edge of hospitalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do so, the company runs algorithms on the huge amounts of health data at its disposal: billing claims, lab readings, medications, height, weight and family history. It also throws in information about the client's neighborhood, including poverty rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The health care data we provided to build these algorithms is equivalent, I think, to five Wikipedias,\" says Nigam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The computer algorithm sifts through all that information and pops out a score for each individual patient, identifying those it deems at highest risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independence Blue Cross then assigns each high scorer a staff member — what it calls a \"health coach,\" who will work at no charge to the client to see what extra services may be helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This coordinated effort then works for the patient,\" Nigam says. The coach may assemble health information tailored to the patient's needs; make medical appointments; resolve medication issues, or maybe help arrange transportation to the doctor's office. Sometimes the coach helps arrange for a home care nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And all of that,\" Nigam says, \"is beginning to show a pretty significant drop in hospitalization rates in our region.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independence Blue Cross has identified 18,000 clients for this sort of extra attention and, as just one sign of success, has already seen a 40 to 50 percent reduction in expected hospital admission rates for people with congestive heart failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early successes include the Iovines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Iovine's life changed, too, after her husband's stroke: She's having to manage his new medications, and help John shower and get to the toilet. They need to hire a wheelchair-accessible van for each appointment and therapy session, of which there are many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says having the support of John's health coach has made a big difference in helping her manage her husband's needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was supposed to get blood work, and they wanted me to take him to the ER to get blood work,\" Carol remembers. \" 'Uh-uh,' I said. 'No way.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She called their health coach, Donna Crockett, and told her the problem. \"And the next thing,\" Carol Iovine says, \"a nurse was here taking blood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big picture: The money the health insurance plan spends on having Crockett arrange a visiting nurse, or streamline appointments is nothing compared to the cost of a hospital admission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Writing the Rules \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That promise of savings has a lot of health care specialists taking a harder look at the useful potential — and possible drawbacks — of these predictive computer formulas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a lot of interest in the area right now,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10176/Cohen\">Glenn Cohen\u003c/a>, a professor at Harvard's law school, who has written about the legal and ethical concerns raised by the collision of health care and big data. \"It is a great coming together of the health care world and the computer science world, as well as the patient experience world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he has some qualms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are questions of whether people whose data is going to be used to build the engine have the right to opt out,\" Cohen says. \"Do they have to affirmatively opt in? Do they have to even be notified it's being used?\" These are still grey areas, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field is so new it doesn't yet have established standards for how this information should be handled, Cohen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independence Blue Cross says it follows \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/understanding/\">federal health privacy guidelines\u003c/a> regarding anonymity, and is only using the information to better serve its members. But it doesn't ask the clients who subscribe to its health plans if they want to opt in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data is only used to improve or coordinate care,\" Nigam says. \"And that is something that you would agree is our role.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health-wise, coordinated care seems to have made all the difference for John Iovine. He hasn't been hospitalized in the year since Independence Blue Cross assigned him a health coach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insurer says the early results are so promising that the company is expanding its efforts. The firm is partnering with New York University's Langone Medical Center on a next target — Type 2 diabetes. The goal is to spot people who are most at risk of getting diabetes before they start showing symptoms — and then intervene, in hopes of preventing the illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR's reporting partnership with WHYY and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org\">Kaiser Health News\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/a> \u003cem>Copyright 2015 WHYY, Inc.. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.whyy.org\">http://www.whyy.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Insurer+Uses+Personal+Data+To+Predict+Who+Will+Get+Sick&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A Philadelphia health insurance company analyzes its clients' health data and other factors to find the frailest and assign them health coaches. That may improve health, but is it a breach of privacy?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1434047687,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1206},"headData":{"title":"Insurer Uses Personal Data to Predict Who Will Get Sick | KQED","description":"A Philadelphia health insurance company analyzes its clients' health data and other factors to find the frailest and assign them health coaches. That may improve health, but is it a breach of privacy?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Insurer Uses Personal Data to Predict Who Will Get Sick","datePublished":"2015-06-09T17:12:48.000Z","dateModified":"2015-06-11T18:34:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"4045 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=4045","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/06/09/insurer-uses-personal-data-to-predict-who-will-get-sick/","disqusTitle":"Insurer Uses Personal Data to Predict Who Will Get Sick","nprByline":"Todd Bookman","nprStoryId":"408190121","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=408190121&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/06/08/408190121/insurer-uses-personal-data-to-predict-who-will-get-sick?ft=nprml&f=408190121","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 08 Jun 2015 18:56:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 08 Jun 2015 15:08:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 08 Jun 2015 18:18:02 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/06/20150608_atc_insurer_uses_personal_data_to_predict_who_will_get_sick.mp3?orgId=432&topicId=1128&d=258&p=2&story=408190121&t=progseg&e=412923703&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=408190121","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1412942732-949696.m3u?orgId=432&topicId=1128&d=258&p=2&story=408190121&t=progseg&e=412923703&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=408190121","path":"/futureofyou/4045/insurer-uses-personal-data-to-predict-who-will-get-sick","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/06/20150608_atc_insurer_uses_personal_data_to_predict_who_will_get_sick.mp3?orgId=432&topicId=1128&d=258&p=2&story=408190121&t=progseg&e=412923703&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=408190121","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first thing out of John Iovine's mouth is an apology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You got to forgive me if I don't remember too much,\" he says. \"I had a stroke.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Signs of that stroke are everywhere — the bed in the dining room, a shower installed in the pantry. John is thin, and sits in blue pajama pants in the wheelchair he uses to get around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He may, however, have overstated his memory problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We went to Harding ... that's the school right up here,\" he says. It was 1952, and that's where he saw the woman who would become his wife — \"this girl, in this long red sweater, and her red hair. And I said, 'That's the girl for me,' \" he says of Carol Iovine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I came out on top,\" he says, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol, who is sitting next to her husband, explains that John's stroke came in the middle of a bad run of health. First, he developed an ulcer, she says. Then he needed a bowel resection. After that came the stroke — and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He had pneumonia, jaundice, sepsis; clot in the right lung,\" she adds. All of that hit between October 2013 and January 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John, a former house painter, spent 79 days in the hospital — some of that unconscious, and nearly all of it stuck in a bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Aw, man — it was hell,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sink or Swim \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Iovine finally went home in April of last year, after several months in a rehab facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this point in patients' recovery — when they've been discharged and have to sink or swim on their own — is the stage that everyone in the health system is paying special attention to right now. For too long, too many people like John Iovine would take a dive at this stage, and end up back in the hospital again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry calls these returns to the hospital \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/medicare-readmissions-penalties-2015/\">preventable readmissions\u003c/a>, and they are a huge drain on finances, costing Medicare alone $15 billion annually. That's why Medicare launched an initiative a few years ago that penalizes hospitals that see too many patients readmitted too soon. And in turn, that spurred many hospitals to pay more attention to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now insurance companies are also taking a stab at a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are trying to identify which patients are likely to be hospitalized in the next three months — so that's our target,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ibx.com/company_info/news/press_releases/2014/09_30_IBC_s_Chief_Informatics_.html\">Somesh Nigam\u003c/a>. He's the chief informatics officer for Independence Blue Cross, a Philadelphia-based insurance firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independence Blue Cross, he says, is working to identify all those among its customers who are sick or frail enough to be on the edge of hospitalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do so, the company runs algorithms on the huge amounts of health data at its disposal: billing claims, lab readings, medications, height, weight and family history. It also throws in information about the client's neighborhood, including poverty rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The health care data we provided to build these algorithms is equivalent, I think, to five Wikipedias,\" says Nigam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The computer algorithm sifts through all that information and pops out a score for each individual patient, identifying those it deems at highest risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independence Blue Cross then assigns each high scorer a staff member — what it calls a \"health coach,\" who will work at no charge to the client to see what extra services may be helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This coordinated effort then works for the patient,\" Nigam says. The coach may assemble health information tailored to the patient's needs; make medical appointments; resolve medication issues, or maybe help arrange transportation to the doctor's office. Sometimes the coach helps arrange for a home care nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And all of that,\" Nigam says, \"is beginning to show a pretty significant drop in hospitalization rates in our region.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independence Blue Cross has identified 18,000 clients for this sort of extra attention and, as just one sign of success, has already seen a 40 to 50 percent reduction in expected hospital admission rates for people with congestive heart failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early successes include the Iovines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Iovine's life changed, too, after her husband's stroke: She's having to manage his new medications, and help John shower and get to the toilet. They need to hire a wheelchair-accessible van for each appointment and therapy session, of which there are many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says having the support of John's health coach has made a big difference in helping her manage her husband's needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was supposed to get blood work, and they wanted me to take him to the ER to get blood work,\" Carol remembers. \" 'Uh-uh,' I said. 'No way.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She called their health coach, Donna Crockett, and told her the problem. \"And the next thing,\" Carol Iovine says, \"a nurse was here taking blood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big picture: The money the health insurance plan spends on having Crockett arrange a visiting nurse, or streamline appointments is nothing compared to the cost of a hospital admission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Writing the Rules \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That promise of savings has a lot of health care specialists taking a harder look at the useful potential — and possible drawbacks — of these predictive computer formulas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a lot of interest in the area right now,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10176/Cohen\">Glenn Cohen\u003c/a>, a professor at Harvard's law school, who has written about the legal and ethical concerns raised by the collision of health care and big data. \"It is a great coming together of the health care world and the computer science world, as well as the patient experience world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he has some qualms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are questions of whether people whose data is going to be used to build the engine have the right to opt out,\" Cohen says. \"Do they have to affirmatively opt in? Do they have to even be notified it's being used?\" These are still grey areas, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field is so new it doesn't yet have established standards for how this information should be handled, Cohen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independence Blue Cross says it follows \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/understanding/\">federal health privacy guidelines\u003c/a> regarding anonymity, and is only using the information to better serve its members. But it doesn't ask the clients who subscribe to its health plans if they want to opt in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data is only used to improve or coordinate care,\" Nigam says. \"And that is something that you would agree is our role.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health-wise, coordinated care seems to have made all the difference for John Iovine. He hasn't been hospitalized in the year since Independence Blue Cross assigned him a health coach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insurer says the early results are so promising that the company is expanding its efforts. The firm is partnering with New York University's Langone Medical Center on a next target — Type 2 diabetes. The goal is to spot people who are most at risk of getting diabetes before they start showing symptoms — and then intervene, in hopes of preventing the illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR's reporting partnership with WHYY and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org\">Kaiser Health News\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/a> \u003cem>Copyright 2015 WHYY, Inc.. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.whyy.org\">http://www.whyy.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Insurer+Uses+Personal+Data+To+Predict+Who+Will+Get+Sick&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/4045/insurer-uses-personal-data-to-predict-who-will-get-sick","authors":["byline_futureofyou_4045"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_138","futureofyou_422","futureofyou_419","futureofyou_418","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_125","futureofyou_420","futureofyou_421"],"featImg":"futureofyou_4046","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_3016":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_3016","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"3016","score":null,"sort":[1431536788000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"seasons-may-tweak-genes-that-trigger-some-chronic-diseases","title":"Seasons May Tweak Genes That Trigger Some Chronic Diseases","publishDate":1431536788,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Contributor | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":172,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>The seasons appear to influence when certain genes are active, with those associated with inflammation being more active in the winter, according to new research released Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study involving more than 16,000 people found that the activity of about 4,000 of those genes appears to be affected by the season, researchers \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/ncomms8000\">reported\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Nature Communications\u003c/em>. The findings could help explain why certain diseases are more likely than others to strike for the first time during certain seasons, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Certain chronic diseases are very seasonal — like \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/11/11/142244046/cure-winter-blues-with-light-therapy\">seasonal affective disorder \u003c/a>or cardiovascular disease or type 1 diabetes or multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cimr.cam.ac.uk/research/principal-investigators/principal-investigators-q-z/todd\">John Todd\u003c/a>, a geneticist at the University of Cambridge who led the research. \"But people have been wondering for decades what the explanation for that is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Todd and his colleagues decided to try to find out. They analyzed the genes in cells from more than 16,000 people in five countries, including the United States and European countries in the Northern Hemisphere, and Australia in the Southern Hemisphere. And they spotted the same trend — in both hemispheres, and among men as well as women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's one of those observations where ... the first time you see it, you go, 'Wow, somebody must have seen this before,' \" Todd says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the researchers looked more closely at which genes were more or less active during some seasons than others, one big thing jumped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the standout results was that genes promoting inflammation were increased in winter, whereas genes suppressing inflammation were decreased in the winter. So overall it looked as if this gene activity pattern really goes with increased inflammation in the winter,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inflammation, which is caused by the immune system becoming overactive, Todd says, has long been associated with a lot of the health problems that spike in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows how the seasons affect our genes. But there are some obvious possibilities, Todd thinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As the seasons come on it gets colder, the days get shorter,\" he says. \"So daylight and temperature could be factors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers say the findings could have far-reaching implications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that they find so many genes that go up and down over the seasons is very interesting because we just didn't know that our bodies go through this type of seasonal change before,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.neuroscience.cam.ac.uk/directory/profile.php?abreddy\">Akhilesh Reddy\u003c/a>, who studies circadian rhythms at the University of Cambridge but was not involved in the new research. \"And if you look at the actual genetic evidence for the first time, it's pretty profound really.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reddy thinks the findings will prompt other scientists to look into how the seasons may have power over our genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People might have a variation in their responses to all sorts of things that we haven't really thought about yet,\" Reddy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the seasons may affect how people metabolize drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even your cognitive performance ... might be influenced subtly by the time of year at which you're assessed,\" he says. \"There's never been a marker before that you can look at in the blood, or whatever, to say, 'You're looking like you're a winter person now versus a summer person.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Seasons+May+Tweak+Genes+That+Trigger+Some+Chronic+Diseases&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Genes linked to inflammation are more active in winter, a study hints. That might partly explain why some diseases, including type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, are more likely to start then.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477282590,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":556},"headData":{"title":"Seasons May Tweak Genes That Trigger Some Chronic Diseases | KQED","description":"Genes linked to inflammation are more active in winter, a study hints. That might partly explain why some diseases, including type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, are more likely to start then.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Seasons May Tweak Genes That Trigger Some Chronic Diseases","datePublished":"2015-05-13T17:06:28.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T04:16:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"3016 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=3016","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/13/seasons-may-tweak-genes-that-trigger-some-chronic-diseases/","disqusTitle":"Seasons May Tweak Genes That Trigger Some Chronic Diseases","nprByline":"Rob Stein","nprStoryId":"406139368","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=406139368&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/05/12/406139368/seasons-may-tweak-genes-that-trigger-some-chronic-diseases?ft=nprml&f=406139368","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 12 May 2015 19:22:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 12 May 2015 13:10:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 12 May 2015 18:29:07 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/05/20150512_atc_seasons_may_tweak_genes_that_trigger_some_chronic_diseases.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=253&p=2&story=406139368&t=progseg&e=406171776&seg=15&ft=nprml&f=406139368","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1406241886-d6e873.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=253&p=2&story=406139368&t=progseg&e=406171776&seg=15&ft=nprml&f=406139368","path":"/futureofyou/3016/seasons-may-tweak-genes-that-trigger-some-chronic-diseases","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/05/20150512_atc_seasons_may_tweak_genes_that_trigger_some_chronic_diseases.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=253&p=2&story=406139368&t=progseg&e=406171776&seg=15&ft=nprml&f=406139368","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The seasons appear to influence when certain genes are active, with those associated with inflammation being more active in the winter, according to new research released Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study involving more than 16,000 people found that the activity of about 4,000 of those genes appears to be affected by the season, researchers \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/ncomms8000\">reported\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Nature Communications\u003c/em>. The findings could help explain why certain diseases are more likely than others to strike for the first time during certain seasons, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Certain chronic diseases are very seasonal — like \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/11/11/142244046/cure-winter-blues-with-light-therapy\">seasonal affective disorder \u003c/a>or cardiovascular disease or type 1 diabetes or multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cimr.cam.ac.uk/research/principal-investigators/principal-investigators-q-z/todd\">John Todd\u003c/a>, a geneticist at the University of Cambridge who led the research. \"But people have been wondering for decades what the explanation for that is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Todd and his colleagues decided to try to find out. They analyzed the genes in cells from more than 16,000 people in five countries, including the United States and European countries in the Northern Hemisphere, and Australia in the Southern Hemisphere. And they spotted the same trend — in both hemispheres, and among men as well as women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's one of those observations where ... the first time you see it, you go, 'Wow, somebody must have seen this before,' \" Todd says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the researchers looked more closely at which genes were more or less active during some seasons than others, one big thing jumped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the standout results was that genes promoting inflammation were increased in winter, whereas genes suppressing inflammation were decreased in the winter. So overall it looked as if this gene activity pattern really goes with increased inflammation in the winter,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inflammation, which is caused by the immune system becoming overactive, Todd says, has long been associated with a lot of the health problems that spike in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows how the seasons affect our genes. But there are some obvious possibilities, Todd thinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As the seasons come on it gets colder, the days get shorter,\" he says. \"So daylight and temperature could be factors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers say the findings could have far-reaching implications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that they find so many genes that go up and down over the seasons is very interesting because we just didn't know that our bodies go through this type of seasonal change before,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.neuroscience.cam.ac.uk/directory/profile.php?abreddy\">Akhilesh Reddy\u003c/a>, who studies circadian rhythms at the University of Cambridge but was not involved in the new research. \"And if you look at the actual genetic evidence for the first time, it's pretty profound really.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reddy thinks the findings will prompt other scientists to look into how the seasons may have power over our genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People might have a variation in their responses to all sorts of things that we haven't really thought about yet,\" Reddy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the seasons may affect how people metabolize drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even your cognitive performance ... might be influenced subtly by the time of year at which you're assessed,\" he says. \"There's never been a marker before that you can look at in the blood, or whatever, to say, 'You're looking like you're a winter person now versus a summer person.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Seasons+May+Tweak+Genes+That+Trigger+Some+Chronic+Diseases&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/3016/seasons-may-tweak-genes-that-trigger-some-chronic-diseases","authors":["byline_futureofyou_3016"],"series":["futureofyou_172"],"categories":["futureofyou_1064"],"tags":["futureofyou_138","futureofyou_324","futureofyou_327","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_125","futureofyou_326","futureofyou_328","futureofyou_325"],"featImg":"futureofyou_3019","label":"futureofyou_172"},"futureofyou_2581":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_2581","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"2581","score":null,"sort":[1430496002000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-doctor-will-video-chat-with-you-now-insurer-covers-virtual-visits","title":"The Doctor Will Video Chat With You Now: Insurer Covers Virtual Visits","publishDate":1430496002,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Contributor | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":172,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>If you can live stream movies, why not live stream medical care?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance company \u003ca href=\"http://www.uhc.com/\">UnitedHealthcare\u003c/a> will start covering visits to the doctor's office — via video chat. Patients and physicians talk live online — on smartphones, tablets or home computer — to get to a clinical diagnosis. This move to cybermedicine could save insurers a ton of money — or have unintended consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cybermedicine has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1761771/\">long-discussed\u003c/a> by the experts. Now, Eric Neiman, father to a little girl in San Francisco, can explain how it works — from personal experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I'd gotten a text from my wife earlier in the day,\" he says. \"One of our daughter's eyes was a little bit red and she was rubbing it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few hours passed and it got more red and started oozing. \"Well, unfortunately that sounds like it could be pinkeye. So we would look at it together when I got home,\" Neiman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which was close to 8 p.m. — too late to see their regular pediatrician. And kind of late to see any doctor. If they went to the local urgent care center, they'd get back home at 10 p.m. or 11 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, Neiman remembered something, from his Instagram account, a post for an app called \u003ca href=\"http://www.doctorondemand.com/\">Doctor On Demand\u003c/a>. It pairs users up with doctors who are licensed in their state for a video screening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neiman decided to log in. \"The pediatrician came on, introduced himself, and then asked to see our daughter, asked to hold the iPhone up to her eye, checked her throat, everything that he could see via the phone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within minutes, the doctor called in a prescription for pinkeye. The visit cost Neiman $40.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neiman was so impressed, he says, he used the app just a few days later for himself. He thought he was getting a sinus infection, and logged in \u003cem>from his car\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was sitting on the side of the street. It's not the first time I pulled over to use my phone,\" he says. \"But to actually go to the doctor — I was just hopeful nobody was watching!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Save On Cost Or Break \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>The Bank?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UnitedHealthcare's move to cover all or part of the cost of these e-visits — for up to 20 million customers by 2016 — is big. A major company is putting its stamp of approval on a process that, until now, has been largely experimental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three mobile-doc startups – Doctor on Demand, \u003ca href=\"https://nowclinic.com/landing.htm\">NowClinic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanwell.com/\">Amwell\u003c/a> – are the initial providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Scott, who directs innovation initiatives at UnitedHealthcare, says the company is studying cost: \"What happens if somebody is more likely to use virtual care? Maybe they would have gone in to urgent care. How many of them will choose the virtual visit instead?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could be that people grab a doctor online for skin rashes, colds and coughs — and by getting care early on, they prevent an expensive catastrophe. Or maybe people wait too long when they really just need to see a doctor in person. Or it could be this service brings out the inner hypochondriac in us and leaves the insurer with a bigger bill to co-pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those are the sorts of health care economics and actuarial questions that our experts will be watching,\" Scott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Convenience For Doctors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This move has big implications for physicians, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Tania Elliott, an allergist with Doctor on Demand, says that through the app, patients with a rash show her their symptoms in the moment — not a week later. She takes virtual tours of people's homes to search dust mite sources. Instead of tedious planning, she gives patients a ballpark of when to do a follow up visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have access to essentially my schedule. And so when they log into the app they can see when I'm online,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctor has even gotten to work remotely — from a hotel room in Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Doctor+Will+Video+Chat+With+You+Now%3A+Insurer+Covers+Virtual+Visits&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Medical consultation via video is going mainstream. UnitedHealthcare says it will cover doctors' visits by live video on smartphones, tablets and computers. Will people overuse it and boost costs?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1434048989,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":681},"headData":{"title":"The Doctor Will Video Chat With You Now: Insurer Covers Virtual Visits | KQED","description":"Medical consultation via video is going mainstream. UnitedHealthcare says it will cover doctors' visits by live video on smartphones, tablets and computers. Will people overuse it and boost costs?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Doctor Will Video Chat With You Now: Insurer Covers Virtual Visits","datePublished":"2015-05-01T16:00:02.000Z","dateModified":"2015-06-11T18:56:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"2581 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=2581","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/01/the-doctor-will-video-chat-with-you-now-insurer-covers-virtual-visits/","disqusTitle":"The Doctor Will Video Chat With You Now: Insurer Covers Virtual Visits","nprByline":"Aarti Shahani","nprStoryId":"403346731","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=403346731&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2015/04/30/403346731/the-doctor-will-video-chat-with-you-now-insurer-covers-virtual-visits?ft=nprml&f=403346731","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 30 Apr 2015 19:05:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 30 Apr 2015 16:27:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 30 Apr 2015 17:18:52 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/04/20150430_atc_united_healthcare_to_cover_virtual_doctors_visits_for_20_million_customers.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1019&d=200&p=2&story=403346731&t=progseg&e=403362523&seg=10&ft=nprml&f=403346731","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1403362692-bab9a0.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1019&d=200&p=2&story=403346731&t=progseg&e=403362523&seg=10&ft=nprml&f=403346731","path":"/futureofyou/2581/the-doctor-will-video-chat-with-you-now-insurer-covers-virtual-visits","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/04/20150430_atc_united_healthcare_to_cover_virtual_doctors_visits_for_20_million_customers.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1019&d=200&p=2&story=403346731&t=progseg&e=403362523&seg=10&ft=nprml&f=403346731","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you can live stream movies, why not live stream medical care?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance company \u003ca href=\"http://www.uhc.com/\">UnitedHealthcare\u003c/a> will start covering visits to the doctor's office — via video chat. Patients and physicians talk live online — on smartphones, tablets or home computer — to get to a clinical diagnosis. This move to cybermedicine could save insurers a ton of money — or have unintended consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cybermedicine has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1761771/\">long-discussed\u003c/a> by the experts. Now, Eric Neiman, father to a little girl in San Francisco, can explain how it works — from personal experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I'd gotten a text from my wife earlier in the day,\" he says. \"One of our daughter's eyes was a little bit red and she was rubbing it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few hours passed and it got more red and started oozing. \"Well, unfortunately that sounds like it could be pinkeye. So we would look at it together when I got home,\" Neiman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which was close to 8 p.m. — too late to see their regular pediatrician. And kind of late to see any doctor. If they went to the local urgent care center, they'd get back home at 10 p.m. or 11 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, Neiman remembered something, from his Instagram account, a post for an app called \u003ca href=\"http://www.doctorondemand.com/\">Doctor On Demand\u003c/a>. It pairs users up with doctors who are licensed in their state for a video screening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neiman decided to log in. \"The pediatrician came on, introduced himself, and then asked to see our daughter, asked to hold the iPhone up to her eye, checked her throat, everything that he could see via the phone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within minutes, the doctor called in a prescription for pinkeye. The visit cost Neiman $40.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neiman was so impressed, he says, he used the app just a few days later for himself. He thought he was getting a sinus infection, and logged in \u003cem>from his car\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was sitting on the side of the street. It's not the first time I pulled over to use my phone,\" he says. \"But to actually go to the doctor — I was just hopeful nobody was watching!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Save On Cost Or Break \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>The Bank?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UnitedHealthcare's move to cover all or part of the cost of these e-visits — for up to 20 million customers by 2016 — is big. A major company is putting its stamp of approval on a process that, until now, has been largely experimental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three mobile-doc startups – Doctor on Demand, \u003ca href=\"https://nowclinic.com/landing.htm\">NowClinic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanwell.com/\">Amwell\u003c/a> – are the initial providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Scott, who directs innovation initiatives at UnitedHealthcare, says the company is studying cost: \"What happens if somebody is more likely to use virtual care? Maybe they would have gone in to urgent care. How many of them will choose the virtual visit instead?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could be that people grab a doctor online for skin rashes, colds and coughs — and by getting care early on, they prevent an expensive catastrophe. Or maybe people wait too long when they really just need to see a doctor in person. Or it could be this service brings out the inner hypochondriac in us and leaves the insurer with a bigger bill to co-pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those are the sorts of health care economics and actuarial questions that our experts will be watching,\" Scott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Convenience For Doctors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This move has big implications for physicians, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Tania Elliott, an allergist with Doctor on Demand, says that through the app, patients with a rash show her their symptoms in the moment — not a week later. She takes virtual tours of people's homes to search dust mite sources. Instead of tedious planning, she gives patients a ballpark of when to do a follow up visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have access to essentially my schedule. And so when they log into the app they can see when I'm online,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctor has even gotten to work remotely — from a hotel room in Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Doctor+Will+Video+Chat+With+You+Now%3A+Insurer+Covers+Virtual+Visits&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/2581/the-doctor-will-video-chat-with-you-now-insurer-covers-virtual-visits","authors":["byline_futureofyou_2581"],"series":["futureofyou_172"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_259","futureofyou_34","futureofyou_138","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_173","futureofyou_125","futureofyou_267"],"featImg":"futureofyou_2582","label":"futureofyou_172"},"futureofyou_1710":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_1710","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"1710","score":null,"sort":[1429030909000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"digital-tools-for-health-come-with-hope-hype-and-harm","title":"Digital Tools for Health Come With 'Hope, Hype and Harm'","publishDate":1429030909,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":54,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Dr. Robert Wachter has long been an advocate for patient safety and a keen observer of trends in medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years ago, Wachter coined the term \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.hospitalmedicine.org/Web/About_SHM/Industry/Hospital_Medicine_Hospital_Definition.aspx\">hospitalist\u003c/a>\" and predicted the rise of these doctors who specialize in caring for hospitalized patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter, associate chairman of University of California, San Francisco's department of medicine, has a new book out: \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/dp/0071849467/\">The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine's Computer Age\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>In it, he turns his attention to the rise of technology in health care, and the risks and rewards as we digitize everything from medical records to office visits. Here is an edited and condensed version of our recent conversation about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>As I read your book I couldn't help thinking about the elderly. Many older people aren't tech savvy. They're intimidated by looking up information on computers and sending email to their doctors. They're also bigger health care users than many younger people. What needs to be done to help them get and stay engaged as technology advances?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an important question. It's not natural for them the way it is for the next generation and beyond. But most older people are at least using email and know how to surf the Web. Silicon Valley has woken up and realized this is a huge market. As consumer-oriented tech companies enter the health care field, I think they're going to design tools and technology and ways of interfacing that make it seamless for the people who need to become engaged. This will allow older patients to at least do the basic stuff, like renewing their medications, the stuff that's just incredibly annoying in the paper world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1711\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 313px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1711\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/wachter-2_enl-1940c2d5c1865e3563ca9ee326e802aa12d934c7.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Robert Wachter writes that computers have crowded out eye contact between the doctor and patient, in his latest book, The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype, and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine's Computer Age.\" width=\"313\" height=\"457\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/wachter-2_enl-1940c2d5c1865e3563ca9ee326e802aa12d934c7.jpg 799w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/wachter-2_enl-1940c2d5c1865e3563ca9ee326e802aa12d934c7-400x584.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/wachter-2_enl-1940c2d5c1865e3563ca9ee326e802aa12d934c7-411x600.jpg 411w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/wachter-2_enl-1940c2d5c1865e3563ca9ee326e802aa12d934c7-768x1121.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/wachter-2_enl-1940c2d5c1865e3563ca9ee326e802aa12d934c7-320x467.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Robert Wachter writes that computers have crowded out eye contact between the doctor and patient, in his latest book, \u003cem>The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype, and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine's Computer Age.\u003c/em> \u003ccite>(Susan Merrell/University of California, San Francisco)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In your book, you talk about moving away from fee-for-service payments to doctors and hospitals and toward payments based on a population of people, adjusted for their baseline health. From a patient perspective, will that change how they pay for their care? At the most basic level, could that finally mean the end of incomprehensible \"explanation of benefits\" insurance forms, for example? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wish I were more hopeful. Of all the nuts we have to crack, this is the one I'm least optimistic about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If everybody is in an accountable care organization or the like, providers get a single payment when they treat someone. But as long as they're still doing an adjustment for the relative sickness of the patients, the organization will need to account for all of the details. And I'm afraid the patient may also still see a confusing itemized bill, unless we can get to a point in which you've paid for the year and you're done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movement away from piecemeal payments is hopeful, and so are the digitization of health care and the entry of Silicon Valley companies with a consumer sensibility. I guess the question is: Do all of those trends — when woven together — lead to something that's more user friendly? When it comes to clinical care, I think the answer is yes. I see how we can get to a much happier place, with better care through digital medicine, in five to seven years. But the idea that you could get a simple, clear insurance bill that you pay with one click... that still feels like a moon shot to me. So maybe in 10 to 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To what extent can technology really help people comparison shop for health care? To date, we've seen that it seems to work best for procedures like colonoscopies or MRIs, where the service performed is fairly comparable. Could people really comparison shop for cancer treatment? Would we want them to?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, why not? Some of this comes down to your fundamental belief in capitalism and the market. But we do have to pay some attention to fundamental differences between health care and other markets. For example, in health care, we can't accept haves and have-nots, while we readily accept this with other luxury goods. That said, I'm pretty convinced that if you create an environment where patients have the information they need to make those decisions, that the market will help them make good choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area I worry about is the science. How do we really know that one doctor or hospital is better than another? Most aspects of quality measurement are not very advanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another real challenge is fragmentation. If I get my colonoscopy at one place because it's the best and cheapest but it's in a different system than the one my primary care doctor is in, that's a problem if the electronic records don't talk to each other. As a patient, I've got to think about the advantage of receiving the cheapest procedure compared to the negative consequences of no one doctor having a complete view of my health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think the federal health law requirement that people have health insurance positively affects their engagement in their own health care or the health care system?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think everybody should have health insurance. The system works better and people have better health and health care with universal insurance. And the law was the most politically feasible way to make that happen, so I support it. When people have health insurance, it creates a connection to a system that is largely mediated through a primary care doctor. To have 40 to 50 million people floating outside the system – able to access the system only episodically and when they're very ill – is crazy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Has having insurance increased their engagement? Yes, but at a level that's pretty wimpy. Now you can see a primary care doctor to manage your blood pressure in an office visit every six months, but is that the level of engagement we should aspire to? Nowhere near it. The hope is that by having everybody part of an organized health care system, now it's in the interest of the system to have engaged patients – since that engagement should lead to fewer office visits, ER visits, and hospitalizations. But this is the sort of thing that takes years, if not decades, to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about initiatives like OpenNotes that allow patients to read their doctors' electronic notes about their care? How do they change the patient-doctor relationship?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OpenNotes illustrates the democratization of the health care system, which is going to challenge all of the system's fundamental underpinnings. Digitization is an enabler. It's changing the relationship between doctors and their patients from an extraordinarily paternalistic one to one that is more democratic. In the new world, a patient's choice is no longer just, \"Do I see doctor A or B?\" but \"Do I even need to see a doctor at all?\" OpenNotes is part of this trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As wonderful as patient sharing access to their information is, along with new tools to self-manage and things like telemedicine that allow patients to receive care outside the traditional system, in a world of high copays you are going to see some patients making some very bad choices. In the old days, the sick patient had to go see a doctor. Now they can go to MinuteClinic. Or they can Google their symptoms. I wouldn't want to turn back the clock, but it raises the question, \"When is self-management a bad choice?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As health care finally goes digital, some people believe that it's no different than travel or banking. But no one is getting harmed by using TripAdvisor or Fidelity. I think you could argue that health care is fundamentally different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Digital+Tools+For+Health+Come+With+%27Hope%2C+Hype+And+Harm%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Medicine's move into the computer age has great potential for improving care. But patients and doctors still face serious challenges in adapting to the rush of new technology.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1517012664,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1346},"headData":{"title":"Digital Tools for Health Come With 'Hope, Hype and Harm' | KQED","description":"Medicine's move into the computer age has great potential for improving care. But patients and doctors still face serious challenges in adapting to the rush of new technology.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Digital Tools for Health Come With 'Hope, Hype and Harm'","datePublished":"2015-04-14T17:01:49.000Z","dateModified":"2018-01-27T00:24:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"1710 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=1710","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/04/14/digital-tools-for-health-come-with-hope-hype-and-harm/","disqusTitle":"Digital Tools for Health Come With 'Hope, Hype and Harm'","nprByline":"Michelle Andrews","nprStoryId":"399423844","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=399423844&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/04/14/399423844/digital-tools-for-health-come-with-hope-hype-and-harm?ft=nprml&f=399423844","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 14 Apr 2015 12:09:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 14 Apr 2015 10:51:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 14 Apr 2015 12:09:12 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/1710/digital-tools-for-health-come-with-hope-hype-and-harm","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dr. Robert Wachter has long been an advocate for patient safety and a keen observer of trends in medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years ago, Wachter coined the term \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.hospitalmedicine.org/Web/About_SHM/Industry/Hospital_Medicine_Hospital_Definition.aspx\">hospitalist\u003c/a>\" and predicted the rise of these doctors who specialize in caring for hospitalized patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter, associate chairman of University of California, San Francisco's department of medicine, has a new book out: \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/dp/0071849467/\">The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine's Computer Age\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>In it, he turns his attention to the rise of technology in health care, and the risks and rewards as we digitize everything from medical records to office visits. Here is an edited and condensed version of our recent conversation about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>As I read your book I couldn't help thinking about the elderly. Many older people aren't tech savvy. They're intimidated by looking up information on computers and sending email to their doctors. They're also bigger health care users than many younger people. What needs to be done to help them get and stay engaged as technology advances?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an important question. It's not natural for them the way it is for the next generation and beyond. But most older people are at least using email and know how to surf the Web. Silicon Valley has woken up and realized this is a huge market. As consumer-oriented tech companies enter the health care field, I think they're going to design tools and technology and ways of interfacing that make it seamless for the people who need to become engaged. This will allow older patients to at least do the basic stuff, like renewing their medications, the stuff that's just incredibly annoying in the paper world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1711\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 313px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1711\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/wachter-2_enl-1940c2d5c1865e3563ca9ee326e802aa12d934c7.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Robert Wachter writes that computers have crowded out eye contact between the doctor and patient, in his latest book, The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype, and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine's Computer Age.\" width=\"313\" height=\"457\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/wachter-2_enl-1940c2d5c1865e3563ca9ee326e802aa12d934c7.jpg 799w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/wachter-2_enl-1940c2d5c1865e3563ca9ee326e802aa12d934c7-400x584.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/wachter-2_enl-1940c2d5c1865e3563ca9ee326e802aa12d934c7-411x600.jpg 411w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/wachter-2_enl-1940c2d5c1865e3563ca9ee326e802aa12d934c7-768x1121.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/wachter-2_enl-1940c2d5c1865e3563ca9ee326e802aa12d934c7-320x467.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Robert Wachter writes that computers have crowded out eye contact between the doctor and patient, in his latest book, \u003cem>The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype, and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine's Computer Age.\u003c/em> \u003ccite>(Susan Merrell/University of California, San Francisco)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In your book, you talk about moving away from fee-for-service payments to doctors and hospitals and toward payments based on a population of people, adjusted for their baseline health. From a patient perspective, will that change how they pay for their care? At the most basic level, could that finally mean the end of incomprehensible \"explanation of benefits\" insurance forms, for example? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wish I were more hopeful. Of all the nuts we have to crack, this is the one I'm least optimistic about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If everybody is in an accountable care organization or the like, providers get a single payment when they treat someone. But as long as they're still doing an adjustment for the relative sickness of the patients, the organization will need to account for all of the details. And I'm afraid the patient may also still see a confusing itemized bill, unless we can get to a point in which you've paid for the year and you're done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movement away from piecemeal payments is hopeful, and so are the digitization of health care and the entry of Silicon Valley companies with a consumer sensibility. I guess the question is: Do all of those trends — when woven together — lead to something that's more user friendly? When it comes to clinical care, I think the answer is yes. I see how we can get to a much happier place, with better care through digital medicine, in five to seven years. But the idea that you could get a simple, clear insurance bill that you pay with one click... that still feels like a moon shot to me. So maybe in 10 to 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To what extent can technology really help people comparison shop for health care? To date, we've seen that it seems to work best for procedures like colonoscopies or MRIs, where the service performed is fairly comparable. Could people really comparison shop for cancer treatment? Would we want them to?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, why not? Some of this comes down to your fundamental belief in capitalism and the market. But we do have to pay some attention to fundamental differences between health care and other markets. For example, in health care, we can't accept haves and have-nots, while we readily accept this with other luxury goods. That said, I'm pretty convinced that if you create an environment where patients have the information they need to make those decisions, that the market will help them make good choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area I worry about is the science. How do we really know that one doctor or hospital is better than another? Most aspects of quality measurement are not very advanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another real challenge is fragmentation. If I get my colonoscopy at one place because it's the best and cheapest but it's in a different system than the one my primary care doctor is in, that's a problem if the electronic records don't talk to each other. As a patient, I've got to think about the advantage of receiving the cheapest procedure compared to the negative consequences of no one doctor having a complete view of my health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think the federal health law requirement that people have health insurance positively affects their engagement in their own health care or the health care system?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think everybody should have health insurance. The system works better and people have better health and health care with universal insurance. And the law was the most politically feasible way to make that happen, so I support it. When people have health insurance, it creates a connection to a system that is largely mediated through a primary care doctor. To have 40 to 50 million people floating outside the system – able to access the system only episodically and when they're very ill – is crazy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Has having insurance increased their engagement? Yes, but at a level that's pretty wimpy. Now you can see a primary care doctor to manage your blood pressure in an office visit every six months, but is that the level of engagement we should aspire to? Nowhere near it. The hope is that by having everybody part of an organized health care system, now it's in the interest of the system to have engaged patients – since that engagement should lead to fewer office visits, ER visits, and hospitalizations. But this is the sort of thing that takes years, if not decades, to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about initiatives like OpenNotes that allow patients to read their doctors' electronic notes about their care? How do they change the patient-doctor relationship?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OpenNotes illustrates the democratization of the health care system, which is going to challenge all of the system's fundamental underpinnings. Digitization is an enabler. It's changing the relationship between doctors and their patients from an extraordinarily paternalistic one to one that is more democratic. In the new world, a patient's choice is no longer just, \"Do I see doctor A or B?\" but \"Do I even need to see a doctor at all?\" OpenNotes is part of this trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As wonderful as patient sharing access to their information is, along with new tools to self-manage and things like telemedicine that allow patients to receive care outside the traditional system, in a world of high copays you are going to see some patients making some very bad choices. In the old days, the sick patient had to go see a doctor. Now they can go to MinuteClinic. Or they can Google their symptoms. I wouldn't want to turn back the clock, but it raises the question, \"When is self-management a bad choice?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As health care finally goes digital, some people believe that it's no different than travel or banking. But no one is getting harmed by using TripAdvisor or Fidelity. I think you could argue that health care is fundamentally different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Digital+Tools+For+Health+Come+With+%27Hope%2C+Hype+And+Harm%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/1710/digital-tools-for-health-come-with-hope-hype-and-harm","authors":["byline_futureofyou_1710"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_193","futureofyou_26","futureofyou_190","futureofyou_192","futureofyou_34","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_85","futureofyou_125","futureofyou_189","futureofyou_35"],"featImg":"futureofyou_1715","label":"futureofyou_54"},"futureofyou_839":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_839","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"839","score":null,"sort":[1427392017000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"university-and-biotech-firm-team-up-on-colorblindness-therapy","title":"University and Biotech Firm Team Up on Colorblindness Therapy","publishDate":1427392017,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>More than 10 million Americans have trouble distinguishing red from green or blue from yellow, and there's no treatment for colorblindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A biotech company and two scientists hope to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, Avalanche Biotechnologies in Menlo Park and the University of Washington in Seattle \u003ca href=\"http://investors.avalanchebiotech.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=253634&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2028354\">announced\u003c/a> a licensing agreement to develop the first treatment for colorblindness. The deal brings together a gene therapy technique developed by Avalanche with the expertise of vision researchers at the University of Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal is to be treating colorblindness in clinical trials in patients in the next one to two years,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.avalanchebiotech.com/founders-and-management-team.php\">Thomas Chalberg\u003c/a>, the founder and CEO of Avalanche.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement has its roots in a scientific breakthrough that occurred six years ago. That's when two vision researchers at the University of Washington used gene therapy to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112897277\">cure\u003c/a> a common form of colorblindness in squirrel monkeys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This opened the possibility of ultimately getting this to cure colorblindness in humans,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://depts.washington.edu/givemed/prof-chair/holders/jay-neitz/\">Jay Neitz\u003c/a>, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.neitzvision.com/content/people.html\">Color Vision Lab\u003c/a> at UW along with his wife, \u003ca href=\"http://depts.washington.edu/givemed/prof-chair/holders/maureen-neitz/\">Maureen Neitz\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple knew that transferring their success from monkey to man would be a challenge. But they were determined, says Maureen Neitz. \"We've spent our entire careers writing NIH grants where we say our goal is to improve human health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorblindness is usually a genetic disorder. About 8 percent of men inherit a mutation on the X chromosome that makes it hard for them to distinguish between red and green. The condition affects only about 0.5 percent of women, who have two X chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And color vision problems can be disabling. Emails arrive every day at Neitz lab with subject lines saying things like \"colorblindness ruined my life,\" says Jay Neitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stories often come from people who say they are unable to pursue careers as pilots or fire fighters or even electricians, whose work involves a lot of color-coded wires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_844\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-844 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde-800x507.jpg\" alt=\"Dalton the squirrel monkey during the color vision test. (Courtesy Neitz Laboratory)\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde-800x507.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde-400x253.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde-1180x747.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde-768x486.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde-320x203.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dalton the squirrel monkey during the color vision test.\u003cbr> (Courtesy Neitz Laboratory)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Colorblindness can also make it hard to do things like drive after dark, says Maureen Neitz. That became a big problem for her brother, who is colorblind, after his community switched from mercury street lamps, which give off bluish light, to sodium street lamps, which produce orange light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He came home and he was shaking,\" Maureen Neitz says. \"He said everything was just a sea of lights, it was all the same colors. (He) could not tell the street lights from the brake lights from the stoplights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curing colorblindness involves delivering new genes to cells in the retina that respond to color. That's how Jay and Maureen Neitz cured the squirrel monkeys six years ago. But the technique they used required surgery on the retina, which is risky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people they needed a nonsurgical approach, something that had eluded researchers for years. Then a team at the University of California, Berkeley found a way to deliver genes using a simple injection into the vitreous, the clear gel that fills most of the eyeball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avalanche Biotechnologies has been working to improve and commercialize the Berkeley technique, says Chalberg. When he met Jay and Maureen Neitz at a scientific conference in 2012, he says, it was clear they could work together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should be possible to begin experimentally treating patients within a couple of years, Chalberg says, because the human eye has proved to be a safe and relatively easy place to use gene therapy. \"We like to say what happens in the eye stays in the eye, because it's kind of this small enclosed space.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a cure for colorblindness has the potential to help millions of people, Chalberg says. \"People with this vision disorder have a very limited sensation,\" he says. \"They can only see about 1 percent of the colors of a normal person. And so in some ways it's actually closer to being blind than it is to being sighted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=University+And+Biotech+Firm+Team+Up+On+Colorblindness+Therapy&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Six years ago, husband-and-wife scientists used gene therapy to cure colorblindness in monkeys. Now they're trying to make it work for the millions of people with faulty color vision.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477283444,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":668},"headData":{"title":"University and Biotech Firm Team Up on Colorblindness Therapy | KQED","description":"Six years ago, husband-and-wife scientists used gene therapy to cure colorblindness in monkeys. Now they're trying to make it work for the millions of people with faulty color vision.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"University and Biotech Firm Team Up on Colorblindness Therapy","datePublished":"2015-03-26T17:46:57.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T04:30:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"839 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=839","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/03/26/university-and-biotech-firm-team-up-on-colorblindness-therapy/","disqusTitle":"University and Biotech Firm Team Up on Colorblindness Therapy","nprByline":"Jon Hamilton","nprStoryId":"395303785","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=395303785&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/25/395303785/university-and-biotech-firm-team-up-on-colorblindness-therapy?ft=nprml&f=395303785","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 25 Mar 2015 20:00:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 25 Mar 2015 16:14:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 25 Mar 2015 17:01:08 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/03/20150325_atc_a_university_and_a_biotech_firm_team_up_to_treat_colorblindness.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&e=395303785&d=235&ft=nprml&f=395303785","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1395355187-8703a7.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&e=395303785&d=235&ft=nprml&f=395303785","path":"/futureofyou/839/university-and-biotech-firm-team-up-on-colorblindness-therapy","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/03/20150325_atc_a_university_and_a_biotech_firm_team_up_to_treat_colorblindness.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&e=395303785&d=235&ft=nprml&f=395303785","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than 10 million Americans have trouble distinguishing red from green or blue from yellow, and there's no treatment for colorblindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A biotech company and two scientists hope to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, Avalanche Biotechnologies in Menlo Park and the University of Washington in Seattle \u003ca href=\"http://investors.avalanchebiotech.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=253634&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2028354\">announced\u003c/a> a licensing agreement to develop the first treatment for colorblindness. The deal brings together a gene therapy technique developed by Avalanche with the expertise of vision researchers at the University of Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal is to be treating colorblindness in clinical trials in patients in the next one to two years,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.avalanchebiotech.com/founders-and-management-team.php\">Thomas Chalberg\u003c/a>, the founder and CEO of Avalanche.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement has its roots in a scientific breakthrough that occurred six years ago. That's when two vision researchers at the University of Washington used gene therapy to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112897277\">cure\u003c/a> a common form of colorblindness in squirrel monkeys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This opened the possibility of ultimately getting this to cure colorblindness in humans,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://depts.washington.edu/givemed/prof-chair/holders/jay-neitz/\">Jay Neitz\u003c/a>, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.neitzvision.com/content/people.html\">Color Vision Lab\u003c/a> at UW along with his wife, \u003ca href=\"http://depts.washington.edu/givemed/prof-chair/holders/maureen-neitz/\">Maureen Neitz\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple knew that transferring their success from monkey to man would be a challenge. But they were determined, says Maureen Neitz. \"We've spent our entire careers writing NIH grants where we say our goal is to improve human health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorblindness is usually a genetic disorder. About 8 percent of men inherit a mutation on the X chromosome that makes it hard for them to distinguish between red and green. The condition affects only about 0.5 percent of women, who have two X chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And color vision problems can be disabling. Emails arrive every day at Neitz lab with subject lines saying things like \"colorblindness ruined my life,\" says Jay Neitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stories often come from people who say they are unable to pursue careers as pilots or fire fighters or even electricians, whose work involves a lot of color-coded wires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_844\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-844 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde-800x507.jpg\" alt=\"Dalton the squirrel monkey during the color vision test. (Courtesy Neitz Laboratory)\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde-800x507.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde-400x253.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde-1180x747.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde-768x486.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde-320x203.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/03/dalton_enl-00dfdb2bfbf90d194783e9854671a7c715cebdde.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dalton the squirrel monkey during the color vision test.\u003cbr> (Courtesy Neitz Laboratory)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Colorblindness can also make it hard to do things like drive after dark, says Maureen Neitz. That became a big problem for her brother, who is colorblind, after his community switched from mercury street lamps, which give off bluish light, to sodium street lamps, which produce orange light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He came home and he was shaking,\" Maureen Neitz says. \"He said everything was just a sea of lights, it was all the same colors. (He) could not tell the street lights from the brake lights from the stoplights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curing colorblindness involves delivering new genes to cells in the retina that respond to color. That's how Jay and Maureen Neitz cured the squirrel monkeys six years ago. But the technique they used required surgery on the retina, which is risky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people they needed a nonsurgical approach, something that had eluded researchers for years. Then a team at the University of California, Berkeley found a way to deliver genes using a simple injection into the vitreous, the clear gel that fills most of the eyeball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avalanche Biotechnologies has been working to improve and commercialize the Berkeley technique, says Chalberg. When he met Jay and Maureen Neitz at a scientific conference in 2012, he says, it was clear they could work together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should be possible to begin experimentally treating patients within a couple of years, Chalberg says, because the human eye has proved to be a safe and relatively easy place to use gene therapy. \"We like to say what happens in the eye stays in the eye, because it's kind of this small enclosed space.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a cure for colorblindness has the potential to help millions of people, Chalberg says. \"People with this vision disorder have a very limited sensation,\" he says. \"They can only see about 1 percent of the colors of a normal person. And so in some ways it's actually closer to being blind than it is to being sighted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=University+And+Biotech+Firm+Team+Up+On+Colorblindness+Therapy&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/839/university-and-biotech-firm-team-up-on-colorblindness-therapy","authors":["byline_futureofyou_839"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062"],"tags":["futureofyou_126","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_125","futureofyou_127"],"featImg":"futureofyou_843","label":"futureofyou"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Says-You-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-News-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Selected-Shorts-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Takeaway-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Truth-Be-Told-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/World-Affairs-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg ","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/White-Lies-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":182135,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","timeUpdated":"3:04 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38489,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23275,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14673,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12377,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11557,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11383,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5811,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1651,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"April 25, 2024 1:18 PM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":200601,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200601}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":240853,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":133009},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107844}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33580,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6943},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26637}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":26072,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7521},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13338},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5213}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":30864,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9989},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20875}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":41038,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":41038}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":31034,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":31034}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":57007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22400},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34607}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":81059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13518},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27597},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16783},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7520},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1240},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3419},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7428},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3249}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":134340,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15723},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22454},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30343},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23833},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7468},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34519}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":59227,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59227}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282335,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167903},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114432}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282683,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182200},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100483}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":79797,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59852},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19945}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":22692,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5412}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":4855,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3673},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1182}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":5898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4651},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1247}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33331,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29418},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":21929,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14151},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7778}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":12338,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7784},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4554}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":45776,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45776}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":25120,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25120}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":37045,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14338},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5683},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12993},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4031}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":11513,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7554},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3959}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17971,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10397},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7574}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":9230,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6917},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2313}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":6007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4052},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":5356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2379},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2977}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":108919,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108919}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":29650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20353},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9297}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22725,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5730},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10358},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1268},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3460}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":19937,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19937}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":12234,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8543},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3691}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1392,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":910},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":482}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":11548,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7067},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4481}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":9938,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6283},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":301953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142549},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52147},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107257}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":44059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10519},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2394},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12794},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14031},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4321}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":42549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42549}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":88712,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37172},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21962},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6164},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17892},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5522}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":167064,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144701},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22363}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14131,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4950},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2719},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14322,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5931},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8391}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":25108,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9875},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8695}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":21462,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6982},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8466},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5513},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":501}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22799,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8805},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8354},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20315,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13735}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20567,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5680},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14887}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14656,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10261},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4395}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":81709,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36844},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44865}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":13786,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6401},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7385}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":19903,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10951},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3135},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5817}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17888,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11210},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10136,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7869},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2267}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10164,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2829}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10112,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6316},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":115405,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79498},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35907}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":86789,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86789}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":117990,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42236},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75754}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":30348,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23958},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6390}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":16312,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11346},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4966}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":23356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23356}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":13756,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10320},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":24877,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15795},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9082}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":1925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1089},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":836}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":11133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7622},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3511}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":14577,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8668},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5909}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":145261,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89646},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55615}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/futureofyou?tag=npr":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":false,"total":9,"items":["futureofyou_250228","futureofyou_28721","futureofyou_11869","futureofyou_9374","futureofyou_4045","futureofyou_3016","futureofyou_2581","futureofyou_1710","futureofyou_839"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"pfsSessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou_125":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_125","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"125","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"NPR","slug":"npr","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"NPR Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":125,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/npr"},"futureofyou_452":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_452","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"452","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Health Policy","slug":"health-policy","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Health Policy Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":452,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/health-policy"},"futureofyou_1":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"KQED Future Of You","slug":"future-of-you","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"KQED Future Of You Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/future-of-you"},"futureofyou_697":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_697","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"697","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"antibiotics","slug":"antibiotics","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"antibiotics Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":697,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/antibiotics"},"futureofyou_651":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_651","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"651","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"HIV","slug":"hiv","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"HIV Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":651,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/hiv"},"futureofyou_1058":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1058","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1058","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"UN","slug":"un","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"UN Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1058,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/un"},"futureofyou_1059":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1059","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1059","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"WHO","slug":"who","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"WHO Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1059,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/who"},"futureofyou_1062":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1062","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1062","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Hope/Hype","slug":"hopehype","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1062,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/hopehype"},"futureofyou_34":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_34","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"34","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Future of You","slug":"future-of-you","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Future of You Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":34,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/future-of-you"},"futureofyou_80":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_80","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"80","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"kqedscience","slug":"kqedscience","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"kqedscience Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":80,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/kqedscience"},"futureofyou_568":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_568","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"568","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"norovirus","slug":"norovirus","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"norovirus Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":568,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/norovirus"},"futureofyou_1064":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1064","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1064","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Your Genes","slug":"your-genes","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Your Genes Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1064,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/your-genes"},"futureofyou_488":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_488","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"488","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"deaf","slug":"deaf","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"deaf Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":488,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/deaf"},"futureofyou_17":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_17","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"17","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"DNA","slug":"dna","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"DNA Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":17,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/dna"},"futureofyou_120":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_120","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"120","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"genetics","slug":"genetics","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"genetics Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":120,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/genetics"},"futureofyou_398":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_398","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"398","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"hearing","slug":"hearing","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"hearing Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":398,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/hearing"},"futureofyou_270":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_270","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"270","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"kqednews","slug":"kqednews","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"kqednews Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":270,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/kqednews"},"futureofyou_506":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_506","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"506","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"tweaks","slug":"tweaks","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"tweaks Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":506,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/tweaks"},"futureofyou_489":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_489","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"489","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"accessibility","slug":"accessibility","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"accessibility Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":489,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/accessibility"},"futureofyou_449":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_449","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"449","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"tech","slug":"tech","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"tech Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":449,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/tech"},"futureofyou_138":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_138","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"138","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"futureofyou Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":138,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/futureofyou"},"futureofyou_422":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_422","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"422","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"health data","slug":"health-data","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"health data Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":422,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/health-data"},"futureofyou_419":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_419","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"419","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"health insurance","slug":"health-insurance","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"health insurance Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":419,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/health-insurance"},"futureofyou_418":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_418","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"418","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"insurer","slug":"insurer","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"insurer Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":418,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/insurer"},"futureofyou_420":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_420","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"420","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"todd bookmann","slug":"todd-bookmann","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"todd bookmann Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":420,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/todd-bookmann"},"futureofyou_421":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_421","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"421","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"WHYY","slug":"whyy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"WHYY Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":421,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/whyy"},"futureofyou_172":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_172","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"172","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Contributor","slug":"contributor","taxonomy":"series","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Contributor Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":172,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/series/contributor"},"futureofyou_324":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_324","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"324","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"genes","slug":"genes","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"genes Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":324,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/genes"},"futureofyou_327":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_327","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"327","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"immune system","slug":"immune-system","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"immune system Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":327,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/immune-system"},"futureofyou_326":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_326","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"326","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"rhythm","slug":"rhythm","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"rhythm Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":326,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/rhythm"},"futureofyou_328":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_328","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"328","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"rob stein","slug":"rob-stein","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"rob stein Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":328,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/rob-stein"},"futureofyou_325":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_325","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"325","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"season","slug":"season","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"season Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":325,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/season"},"futureofyou_259":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_259","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"259","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"doctor","slug":"doctor","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"doctor Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":259,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/doctor"},"futureofyou_173":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_173","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"173","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"medicine","slug":"medicine","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"medicine Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":173,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/medicine"},"futureofyou_267":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_267","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"267","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"virtual visit","slug":"virtual-visit","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"virtual visit Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":267,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/virtual-visit"},"futureofyou_54":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_54","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"54","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Future of You","slug":"future-of-you","taxonomy":"program","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Future of You Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":54,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/program/future-of-you"},"futureofyou_193":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_193","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"193","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"comparison shop","slug":"comparison-shop","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"comparison shop Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":193,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/comparison-shop"},"futureofyou_26":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_26","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"26","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"digital health","slug":"digital-health","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"digital health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":26,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/digital-health"},"futureofyou_190":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_190","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"190","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"doctors","slug":"doctors","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"doctors Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":190,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/doctors"},"futureofyou_192":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_192","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"192","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"future","slug":"future","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"future Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":192,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/future"},"futureofyou_61":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_61","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"61","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Health","slug":"health","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":61,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/health"},"futureofyou_85":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_85","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"85","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"medical records","slug":"medical-records","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"medical records Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":85,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/medical-records"},"futureofyou_189":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_189","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"189","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"robert wachter","slug":"robert-wachter","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"robert wachter Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":189,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/robert-wachter"},"futureofyou_35":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_35","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"35","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"technology","slug":"technology","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"technology Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":35,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/technology"},"futureofyou_126":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_126","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"126","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"colorblindness","slug":"colorblindness","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"colorblindness Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":126,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/colorblindness"},"futureofyou_127":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_127","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"127","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"University of Washington","slug":"university-of-washington","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"University of Washington Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":127,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/university-of-washington"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"reframeReducer":{"attendee":null},"location":{"pathname":"/futureofyou/tag/npr","previousPathname":"/"}}
