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In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.citizen.org/our-work/health-and-safety/second-follow-letter-fda-and-ohrp-regarding-unethical-high-risk-clinical-trials-tested-ketamine-management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> to the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services office that protects human research subjects, Public Citizen also called for regulators to immediately launch an investigation into the conduct and oversight of the studies and “impose severe sanctions for the serious ethical and regulatory lapses that have occurred in the ketamine clinical trials and other studies” at Minneapolis’s Hennepin County Medical Center.[contextly_sidebar id=\"VBSQOWNGkwEDBdz8APDok0lptMEsHZ3N\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The hospital committee that green-lighted the studies, called an institutional review board (IRB), “appears incapable of doing its job,” said Dr. Michael Carome, director of Public Citizen’s Health Research Group, who organized the letter. It acted unethically and placed patients in danger, he said, “including by waiving the requirement for informed consent in situations where that is not allowed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hospital spokesperson said the findings by inspectors from the FDA “are neither formal nor conclusory.” Hennepin “has provided formal written responses to each” of the inspectors’ findings, she said, adding that the hospital “has undertaken several reviews by independent experts to evaluate its research and emergency medical practices with the intent to improve our processes. …We understand our mission includes providing the highest standards of medical care, and also conducting studies that help to continuously improve the health and wellness of our patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other violations identified by FDA inspectors, the IRB ruled that researchers did not need consent to make patients part of a clinical trial in which they were given antipsychotic drugs that they might not receive as part of usual care. The Public Citizen letter said the IRB, which is legally obligated to protect research participants, “appears to lack even a basic understanding of federal regulations for the protection of human subjects and is clearly incapable of fulfilling its obligation” to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, Public Citizen and 64 bioethicists, physicians, and other scholars submitted a complaint about two of Hennepin’s ketamine studies to the FDA and HHS’s Office of Human Research Protections. In August, FDA sent inspectors to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their report, obtained by Public Citizen through a public records request and shared with STAT, examined additional clinical trials beyond those initially flagged. It found that in four, the hospital IRB “did not determine that informed consent would be sought from each prospective subject” as required by law, while in another five, the IRB granted fast-track review to studies that didn’t qualify for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least three of the studies cited by the FDA inspectors involved people brought to the emergency room with “severe” agitation, as assessed by emergency technicians using criteria developed by the researchers. The study leaders apparently persuaded the IRB that such patients could not provide informed consent, and so could be swept into the trial unknowingly.[contextly_sidebar id=\"OXR63kbgFz9mq4tqZdVi1Hy2Rk2yuUa7\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, such patients are considered “vulnerable,” said bioethicist Leigh Turner of the University of Minnesota, who signed the Public Citizen letter. According to federal law, they are supposed to receive special safeguards, such as having a family member or other representative give or decline consent. That did not happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as concerning, Turner said, it’s not clear that the patients were in fact too agitated to be asked for their consent, as the scientists argued to the IRB. According to the evaluation form’s scoring, “it’s not like they had acute psychosis,” Turner said. “These investigators were basically drugging up individuals with a degree of agitation many of us could experience, like after being pulled over for speeding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first study cited by the FDA inspectors, researchers injected either ketamine or haloperidol into people taken to the ER, to reduce their “agitation.” Ketamine is not approved by the FDA for that use. The unwitting participants were treated not according to clinicians’ best judgment but according to the study’s protocol: Those arriving during certain months got ketamine and those arriving in other months got haloperidol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the trial’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102743\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">results\u003c/a> was that some patients given ketamine suffered breathing problems; 39 percent required intubation, compared to 4 percent given haloperidol. Before the trial began, its leaders had warned in a 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23231451\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper\u003c/a> that ketamine can impair breathing and so should be reserved for only the most severely agitated patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The identities of five of the seven studies the FDA report flagged are redacted, but one corresponds to the second ketamine \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03554915\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clinical trial\u003c/a> questioned in Public Citizen’s letter. It compared ketamine to midazolam, also in “agitated” ER patients given one or the other drug essentially randomly, not according to which — if any — might help them. The study was suspended by the medical center in June, for unclear reasons, but it also failed to obtain informed consent from participants, the FDA inspectors found.[contextly_sidebar id=\"VDuCmh6PY0M6Ga88zjfyN4sUMUCXdtg4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third clinical \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03211897?term=hennepin+AND+agitation&rank=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trial\u003c/a> compared the safety and efficacy of four drugs (the antipsychotics olanzapine, haloperidol, and ziprasidone and the sedative midazolam) in agitated patients. The hospital scientists had initially requested an FDA waiver from the informed consent requirement. FDA denied the request. The scientists then requested IRB approval, calling their study observational (meaning patients would be treated according to their doctors’ best judgment rather than receiving drugs as per the trial protocol) and therefore entitled to “expedited review.” The IRB agreed, including giving the okay to forgo consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact the study was not observational: Patients received one of the four drugs based on when they arrived in the ER. They were not informed of this, and so were unwitting participants, the FDA inspectors found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the investigators didn’t get FDA clearance, they did an end-run around the agency,” Turner said. “They claimed it was no longer the randomized controlled trial they’d planned, and then pushed it through the IRB as a waiver-of-consent study,” a strategy he called “dodgy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA inspectors found that “some or all of the subjects [in four studies] were likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence,” yet the IRB did not require the researchers to do anything to safeguard the participants’ safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to asking HHS to suspend all clinical trials at Hennepin unless doing so would harm participants, Public Citizen called it “imperative” that the hospital disband its current IRB and train a new one, retrain researchers involved in human research, and inform the unwitting participants in past trials of steps “to redress these violations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/29/er-patients-given-ketamine-powerful-drugs-without-consent/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A Minneapolis hospital tested powerful antipsychotics on emergency room patients without their knowledge or consent, violating regulations on human research, federal inspectors have determined.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1540833728,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1216},"headData":{"title":"ER Patients Given Ketamine, Other Drugs in Clinical Trials Without Their Consent | KQED","description":"A Minneapolis hospital tested powerful antipsychotics on emergency room patients without their knowledge or consent, violating regulations on human research, federal inspectors have determined.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"ER Patients Given Ketamine, Other Drugs in Clinical Trials Without Their Consent","datePublished":"2018-10-29T17:22:08.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-29T17:22:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"445254 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445254","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/29/er-patients-given-ketamine-other-drugs-in-clinical-trials-without-their-consent/","disqusTitle":"ER Patients Given Ketamine, Other Drugs in Clinical Trials Without Their Consent","nprByline":"Sharon Begley\u003cbr />STAT","path":"/futureofyou/445254/er-patients-given-ketamine-other-drugs-in-clinical-trials-without-their-consent","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">Minneapolis hospital tested powerful antipsychotics and the potent anesthetic \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/09/24/ketamine-clinics-severe-depression-treatment/\">ketamine\u003c/a> on emergency room patients without their knowledge or consent, violating regulations on human research, federal inspectors have determined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">Based on those findings\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> a health watchdog group on Monday urged federal regulators to suspend all clinical trials at the hospital. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.citizen.org/our-work/health-and-safety/second-follow-letter-fda-and-ohrp-regarding-unethical-high-risk-clinical-trials-tested-ketamine-management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> to the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services office that protects human research subjects, Public Citizen also called for regulators to immediately launch an investigation into the conduct and oversight of the studies and “impose severe sanctions for the serious ethical and regulatory lapses that have occurred in the ketamine clinical trials and other studies” at Minneapolis’s Hennepin County Medical Center.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The hospital committee that green-lighted the studies, called an institutional review board (IRB), “appears incapable of doing its job,” said Dr. Michael Carome, director of Public Citizen’s Health Research Group, who organized the letter. It acted unethically and placed patients in danger, he said, “including by waiving the requirement for informed consent in situations where that is not allowed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hospital spokesperson said the findings by inspectors from the FDA “are neither formal nor conclusory.” Hennepin “has provided formal written responses to each” of the inspectors’ findings, she said, adding that the hospital “has undertaken several reviews by independent experts to evaluate its research and emergency medical practices with the intent to improve our processes. …We understand our mission includes providing the highest standards of medical care, and also conducting studies that help to continuously improve the health and wellness of our patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other violations identified by FDA inspectors, the IRB ruled that researchers did not need consent to make patients part of a clinical trial in which they were given antipsychotic drugs that they might not receive as part of usual care. The Public Citizen letter said the IRB, which is legally obligated to protect research participants, “appears to lack even a basic understanding of federal regulations for the protection of human subjects and is clearly incapable of fulfilling its obligation” to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, Public Citizen and 64 bioethicists, physicians, and other scholars submitted a complaint about two of Hennepin’s ketamine studies to the FDA and HHS’s Office of Human Research Protections. In August, FDA sent inspectors to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their report, obtained by Public Citizen through a public records request and shared with STAT, examined additional clinical trials beyond those initially flagged. It found that in four, the hospital IRB “did not determine that informed consent would be sought from each prospective subject” as required by law, while in another five, the IRB granted fast-track review to studies that didn’t qualify for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least three of the studies cited by the FDA inspectors involved people brought to the emergency room with “severe” agitation, as assessed by emergency technicians using criteria developed by the researchers. The study leaders apparently persuaded the IRB that such patients could not provide informed consent, and so could be swept into the trial unknowingly.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, such patients are considered “vulnerable,” said bioethicist Leigh Turner of the University of Minnesota, who signed the Public Citizen letter. According to federal law, they are supposed to receive special safeguards, such as having a family member or other representative give or decline consent. That did not happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as concerning, Turner said, it’s not clear that the patients were in fact too agitated to be asked for their consent, as the scientists argued to the IRB. According to the evaluation form’s scoring, “it’s not like they had acute psychosis,” Turner said. “These investigators were basically drugging up individuals with a degree of agitation many of us could experience, like after being pulled over for speeding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first study cited by the FDA inspectors, researchers injected either ketamine or haloperidol into people taken to the ER, to reduce their “agitation.” Ketamine is not approved by the FDA for that use. The unwitting participants were treated not according to clinicians’ best judgment but according to the study’s protocol: Those arriving during certain months got ketamine and those arriving in other months got haloperidol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the trial’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102743\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">results\u003c/a> was that some patients given ketamine suffered breathing problems; 39 percent required intubation, compared to 4 percent given haloperidol. Before the trial began, its leaders had warned in a 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23231451\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper\u003c/a> that ketamine can impair breathing and so should be reserved for only the most severely agitated patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The identities of five of the seven studies the FDA report flagged are redacted, but one corresponds to the second ketamine \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03554915\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clinical trial\u003c/a> questioned in Public Citizen’s letter. It compared ketamine to midazolam, also in “agitated” ER patients given one or the other drug essentially randomly, not according to which — if any — might help them. The study was suspended by the medical center in June, for unclear reasons, but it also failed to obtain informed consent from participants, the FDA inspectors found.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third clinical \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03211897?term=hennepin+AND+agitation&rank=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trial\u003c/a> compared the safety and efficacy of four drugs (the antipsychotics olanzapine, haloperidol, and ziprasidone and the sedative midazolam) in agitated patients. The hospital scientists had initially requested an FDA waiver from the informed consent requirement. FDA denied the request. The scientists then requested IRB approval, calling their study observational (meaning patients would be treated according to their doctors’ best judgment rather than receiving drugs as per the trial protocol) and therefore entitled to “expedited review.” The IRB agreed, including giving the okay to forgo consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact the study was not observational: Patients received one of the four drugs based on when they arrived in the ER. They were not informed of this, and so were unwitting participants, the FDA inspectors found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the investigators didn’t get FDA clearance, they did an end-run around the agency,” Turner said. “They claimed it was no longer the randomized controlled trial they’d planned, and then pushed it through the IRB as a waiver-of-consent study,” a strategy he called “dodgy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA inspectors found that “some or all of the subjects [in four studies] were likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence,” yet the IRB did not require the researchers to do anything to safeguard the participants’ safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to asking HHS to suspend all clinical trials at Hennepin unless doing so would harm participants, Public Citizen called it “imperative” that the hospital disband its current IRB and train a new one, retrain researchers involved in human research, and inform the unwitting participants in past trials of steps “to redress these violations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/29/er-patients-given-ketamine-powerful-drugs-without-consent/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445254/er-patients-given-ketamine-other-drugs-in-clinical-trials-without-their-consent","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445254"],"categories":["futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_952","futureofyou_1226","futureofyou_204","futureofyou_1224"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444567","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_445241":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445241","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445241","score":null,"sort":[1540596047000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-should-doctors-screen-patients-for-intimate-partner-violence","title":"How Should Doctors Screen Patients for Intimate Partner Violence?","publishDate":1540596047,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Women’s Health | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Throughout their lifetimes, one out of four women and one out of 10 men will experience some form of intimate partner violence, including rape, physical abuse and stalking, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/NISVS-StateReportFactsheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence survey\u003c/a> from 2010, the latest year with available data.[contextly_sidebar id=\"nA9kX1ddg8K8IZWIHwwGowcXfuIRUeGK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How doctors and nurses should screen patients for such intimate partner violence is the subject of updated recommendations issued Tuesday by the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force and \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2708121\">published\u003c/a> in the Journal of the American Medical Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best estimates likely under-represent the true scope and scale of intimate partner violence because victims often are afraid to disclose what has happened to them. Roughly two-thirds of women who have been abused said they remained fearful and concerned for their safety after the abuse, the CDC reported, and half of these women said they developed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, which can cause further physical health consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the latest guidelines, physicians would ask women of reproductive age during appointments if they have experienced violence at the hands of someone they know. Women who indicate they have would then be referred for further services, such as \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1524838016637080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">counseling\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/jwh.2015.5547\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">home visits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These recommendations bolster a set of guidelines initially released in 2013. Guidelines are reviewed every five years to adapt standing practices to new evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the #MeToo era, advocates suggest that, anecdotally, they have seen more victims empowered to speak out about what has happened to them. In the last year, the Domestic Violence Hotline reported a 30-percent rise in calls, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/16/us/domestic-violence-hotline-me-too.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Times reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike the many #MeToo experiences revealed on social media, survivors of domestic violence often are not ready to go public in part because of stigma and the idea that domestic violence occurs in a relationship between two consenting adults rather than a situation bound by fear, abuse and threats. Lisa James, director of health at Futures Without Violence, credits the movement with inviting people to be “more comfortable with disclosure.”[contextly_sidebar id=\"KW16iKwutQKVUIspOtLQoZNCrloWfZng\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s all the more reason why we want to have health care providers there, ready and trained on how to open up that conversation,” James said. Making it a routine part of a health checkup may help relieve the onus on victims to protect themselves by speaking out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a closer look at these recommendations and how they can help women at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s new about the guidelines?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Females of reproductive age — between 15 and 44 years old — are at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22754606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">potential risk for abuse\u003c/a>, according to the guidelines. But other factors, including abuse during childhood, joblessness and difficulty paying bills, marital problems and substance use, raise the chances that a woman may endure violence from someone she knows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recommendations suggest clinicians ask all female patients in this age group screening \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/ipv/ipvandsvscreening.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">questions\u003c/a>, like: Have you ever been emotionally or physically abused by your partner or someone important to you? And, within the last year, have you ever been hit, slapped, kicked or otherwise physically hurt by someone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a woman indicates that she has been the victim of such violence, the clinician should to refer the patient for more intensive, ongoing support services, according to the new guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Handing a stack of brochures to a patient and suggesting she call a hotline phone number is not enough, said John Epling, a family physician in Roanoke, Virginia, who served on the task force that developed these recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anybody experiencing intimate partner violence would need lots of support figuring their options,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why weren’t men or seniors or other groups included in these screening recommendations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These recommendations address intimate partner violence among adolescent and middle-aged women because the task force develops recommendations based on available research, Epling said. They acknowledge there is not enough evidence that assesses good screening practices to craft guidelines for men, seniors and vulnerable adult populations, even though it is a very common problem.[contextly_sidebar id=\"LpwI1Vg9g6FZYhBogzNZWmIPx9ZOdahX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more research in hand, he suggested the task force can revisit these issues in the years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will the guidelines help prevent violence?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health care system can go further, James said, especially with the understanding that victims of intimate partner violence aren’t always ready to disclose the abuse they face. She suggested a universal education approach where every patient, including men who might be committing or targeted by intimate partner violence, is told about the impact on one’s health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will take time and more data and evidence to determine if these strategies lead to improved access to services for people who endure violence. Rather than waiting until physical and sexual abuse happen, James said these approaches could bolster efforts to prevent harm in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>If you are experiencing domestic violence, call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1−800−799−7233 or TTY 1−800−787−3224.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Screening patients for intimate partner violence is the subject of updated recommendations issued by the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1540599200,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":863},"headData":{"title":"How Should Doctors Screen Patients for Intimate Partner Violence? | KQED","description":"Screening patients for intimate partner violence is the subject of updated recommendations issued by the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Should Doctors Screen Patients for Intimate Partner Violence?","datePublished":"2018-10-26T23:20:47.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-27T00:13:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"445241 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445241","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/26/how-should-doctors-screen-patients-for-intimate-partner-violence/","disqusTitle":"How Should Doctors Screen Patients for Intimate Partner Violence?","source":"Health","nprByline":"Laura Santhanam\u003cbr />PBS NewsHour","path":"/futureofyou/445241/how-should-doctors-screen-patients-for-intimate-partner-violence","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Throughout their lifetimes, one out of four women and one out of 10 men will experience some form of intimate partner violence, including rape, physical abuse and stalking, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/NISVS-StateReportFactsheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence survey\u003c/a> from 2010, the latest year with available data.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How doctors and nurses should screen patients for such intimate partner violence is the subject of updated recommendations issued Tuesday by the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force and \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2708121\">published\u003c/a> in the Journal of the American Medical Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best estimates likely under-represent the true scope and scale of intimate partner violence because victims often are afraid to disclose what has happened to them. Roughly two-thirds of women who have been abused said they remained fearful and concerned for their safety after the abuse, the CDC reported, and half of these women said they developed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, which can cause further physical health consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the latest guidelines, physicians would ask women of reproductive age during appointments if they have experienced violence at the hands of someone they know. Women who indicate they have would then be referred for further services, such as \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1524838016637080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">counseling\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/jwh.2015.5547\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">home visits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These recommendations bolster a set of guidelines initially released in 2013. Guidelines are reviewed every five years to adapt standing practices to new evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the #MeToo era, advocates suggest that, anecdotally, they have seen more victims empowered to speak out about what has happened to them. In the last year, the Domestic Violence Hotline reported a 30-percent rise in calls, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/16/us/domestic-violence-hotline-me-too.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Times reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike the many #MeToo experiences revealed on social media, survivors of domestic violence often are not ready to go public in part because of stigma and the idea that domestic violence occurs in a relationship between two consenting adults rather than a situation bound by fear, abuse and threats. Lisa James, director of health at Futures Without Violence, credits the movement with inviting people to be “more comfortable with disclosure.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s all the more reason why we want to have health care providers there, ready and trained on how to open up that conversation,” James said. Making it a routine part of a health checkup may help relieve the onus on victims to protect themselves by speaking out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a closer look at these recommendations and how they can help women at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s new about the guidelines?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Females of reproductive age — between 15 and 44 years old — are at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22754606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">potential risk for abuse\u003c/a>, according to the guidelines. But other factors, including abuse during childhood, joblessness and difficulty paying bills, marital problems and substance use, raise the chances that a woman may endure violence from someone she knows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recommendations suggest clinicians ask all female patients in this age group screening \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/ipv/ipvandsvscreening.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">questions\u003c/a>, like: Have you ever been emotionally or physically abused by your partner or someone important to you? And, within the last year, have you ever been hit, slapped, kicked or otherwise physically hurt by someone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a woman indicates that she has been the victim of such violence, the clinician should to refer the patient for more intensive, ongoing support services, according to the new guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Handing a stack of brochures to a patient and suggesting she call a hotline phone number is not enough, said John Epling, a family physician in Roanoke, Virginia, who served on the task force that developed these recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anybody experiencing intimate partner violence would need lots of support figuring their options,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why weren’t men or seniors or other groups included in these screening recommendations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These recommendations address intimate partner violence among adolescent and middle-aged women because the task force develops recommendations based on available research, Epling said. They acknowledge there is not enough evidence that assesses good screening practices to craft guidelines for men, seniors and vulnerable adult populations, even though it is a very common problem.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more research in hand, he suggested the task force can revisit these issues in the years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will the guidelines help prevent violence?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health care system can go further, James said, especially with the understanding that victims of intimate partner violence aren’t always ready to disclose the abuse they face. She suggested a universal education approach where every patient, including men who might be committing or targeted by intimate partner violence, is told about the impact on one’s health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will take time and more data and evidence to determine if these strategies lead to improved access to services for people who endure violence. Rather than waiting until physical and sexual abuse happen, James said these approaches could bolster efforts to prevent harm in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>If you are experiencing domestic violence, call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1−800−799−7233 or TTY 1−800−787−3224.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445241/how-should-doctors-screen-patients-for-intimate-partner-violence","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445241"],"series":["futureofyou_219"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_817","futureofyou_204","futureofyou_276","futureofyou_275"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445244","label":"source_futureofyou_445241"},"futureofyou_445140":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445140","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445140","score":null,"sort":[1540234802000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty","title":"A New Prescription For Depression: Join A Team And Get Sweaty","publishDate":1540234802,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Ryan \"China\" \u003ca href=\"https://adaa.org/living-with-anxiety/personal-stories/becoming-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">McCarney\u003c/a> has played sports his entire life, but sometimes he has to force himself to show up on the field to play pick-up soccer with his friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm dreading and I'm anticipating the worst. But I do it anyway. And then, it's a euphoric sensation when you're done with it because you end up having a great time,\" says McCarney.[contextly_sidebar id=\"gwsGwJ2iQLGQmBCouKy4FngfBXYfu4CD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarney was just 22 when he had his first panic attack. As a college and professional baseball player, he says getting help was stigmatized. It took him six years to get professional support. He still struggles with depression and social anxiety, but says exercising helps him — especially when it's with his teammates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows exercise can ease things like panic attacks or mood and sleep disorders, and a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(18)30227-X/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> in the journal, Lancet Psychiatry, found that popular team sports may have a slight edge over the other forms of physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers analyzed CDC survey data from 1.2 million adults and found — across age, gender, education status and income — people who exercised reported fewer days of bad mental health than those who didn't. And those who played team sports reported the fewest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the study's authors, \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/people/search/adam_chekroud-1.profile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adam Chekroud\u003c/a>, an assistant adjunct professor at Yale's School of Medicine, thinks team activity could add another layer of relief for sufferers of mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there are biological, cognitive and social aspects to mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some sports might just be hitting on more of those elements than other sports,\" he says. \"If you just run on a treadmill for example, it's clear that you're getting that biological stimulation. But perhaps there are other elements of depression that you're not going to be tapping into.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"AnfCcZtwcDai9A2ip7Imx0DEvkjj5q1n\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, this study only shows an association between group exercise and improved mental health, and can't prove that the one causes the other. But, given what is known about depression in particular, it adds up, says Jack Raglin, a professor in the department of kinesiology in the School of Public Health at Indiana University, Bloomington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who are depressed often isolate themselves, he says, so exercising in a group setting, \"can help alleviate symptoms and deal with this very pernicious symptom of depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Group exercise or team sports might also have an edge over other forms of exercise because they add an element of accountability, says Raglin. He did a study finding that couples who started an exercise program together had a lower dropout rate than those who started one on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study showed that \"very simple forms of social support can be beneficial,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don't know the exact mechanism that makes exercise elevate mood and decrease anxiety, but there is \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/12/exercise.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a body of research\u003c/a> to show that it does work on the short and long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you conceptualize exercise as a pill it means, well it's a rather small pill and easy to take and easy to tolerate,\" says Raglin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One limitation of the \u003cem>Lancet Psychiatry\u003c/em> study is the data is based on patients self-reporting their symptoms. Dr. Antonia Baum, a psychiatrist and the past president of the \u003ca href=\"https://sportspsychiatry.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Society for Sports Psychiatry\u003c/a> says patients don't always give an accurate picture of their mental health. She says the study is an important step in this research field, but the conclusions shouldn't be taken as scientific gospel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are animals. We are meant to move and if we don't, a lot of systems slow down, including our mood and cognition,\" says Baum. \"So it makes intuitive sense that exercise is beneficial, but it's nice to try to start to wrap our arms around being able to quantify and qualify that in some ways.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"niLzEHeKc0OvTkkSZEOcmbbxguEskHkj\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baum says she works with each of her patients to incorporate exercise into their lives. And she says this study will be a good jumping off point for more research on team sports and mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Baum and other researchers say getting someone who is depressed to start exercising is easier said than done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's all well and good to conclude that exercise whether it's done as a solo or a group pursuit is beneficial, but to get patients to do it is another matter and when you have a depressed patient motivation is often lacking,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chekroud says getting patients in general to stick to any kind of therapy is challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just exercises that people stop doing, they also stop taking medications. They stopped showing up for therapy,\" he says. \"Adherence is a big problem in health care right now,\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the study's findings could lead to more tools to help people reduce the overall burden of mental illness, now the leading contributor to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">global burden of disability\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The field is really crying out for things that we can do to help people with mental health issues,\" says Chekroud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For McCarney, team sports have helped him get a handle on his symptoms, he says. Before social gatherings, he often feels claustrophobic and panicked, but when he works through the anxiety and gets onto the field, he says it's always worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just gets you around people which I think is another huge thing when you're trying to maybe break out of a depressive cycle,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>How to Get Started\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For some people, the idea of joining a team or any kind of group fitness activity is terrifying. Here are a few tips for getting started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find a sports ambassador. \u003c/strong>Raglin recommends finding a \"sports ambassador,\" a friend who can connect you with a group sport or activity. The friend can get you up to speed on the sport and what's expected of you. Team sports may feel like a leap of faith, says Baum. But, she says the rewards are worth it. \"It's like playing in an orchestra — the sum being greater than the parts — truly thrilling when it all comes together,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Match your skill level.\u003c/strong> It's not hard to find amateur sports teams to join, on sites like meetup.com. A lot of workplaces also have team sport activities, but Raglin says you make sure the skill level is right for you. You're more likely to have a good experience and want to go back. \"There is nothing worse than being on a team where the skill or intensity of the players is way above or below your own level or the level of competition you were looking for,\" Raglin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Join a run or bike club.\u003c/strong> If you're not into team games, go to your local run shop or bike shop to find run communities, bike clubs or community rides to join. Raglin recommends the \u003ca href=\"https://november-project.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">November Project\u003c/a>, which is a free fitness program with chapters in major cities around the world that hosts workouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Put money on the line.\u003c/strong> If you really aren't into team activities, Baum says getting a personal trainer or signing up for a gym can \"help add a social element, and that all important accountability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Try the obvious thing first.\u003c/strong> Baum says to look at the activities you've done throughout your life and think about which ones worked best for you. She says she sometimes takes her patients running or walking with her for a therapy session to start modeling the types of exercises that could work for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sasa Woodruff is a freelance radio reporter and producer based in Los Angeles.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+New+Prescription+For+Depression%3A+Join+A+Team+And+Get+Sweaty&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Most people who struggle with depression and anxiety have heard that exercise is a mood-booster. But exercising with friends, especially playing a team sport may help even more.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1540229654,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1297},"headData":{"title":"A New Prescription For Depression: Join A Team And Get Sweaty | KQED","description":"Most people who struggle with depression and anxiety have heard that exercise is a mood-booster. But exercising with friends, especially playing a team sport may help even more.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A New Prescription For Depression: Join A Team And Get Sweaty","datePublished":"2018-10-22T19:00:02.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-22T17:34:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"445140 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445140","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/22/a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty/","disqusTitle":"A New Prescription For Depression: Join A Team And Get Sweaty","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Sasa Woodruff, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Maria Fabrizio for NPR","nprStoryId":"656594050","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=656594050&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/22/656594050/a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty?ft=nprml&f=656594050","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 07:51:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 04:47:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 05:44:00 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181022_me_a_new_prescription_for_depression_join_a_team_and_get_sweaty.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=215&p=3&story=656594050&ft=nprml&f=656594050","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1659416519-5c5312.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=215&p=3&story=656594050&ft=nprml&f=656594050","audioTrackLength":216,"path":"/futureofyou/445140/a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181022_me_a_new_prescription_for_depression_join_a_team_and_get_sweaty.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=215&p=3&story=656594050&ft=nprml&f=656594050","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ryan \"China\" \u003ca href=\"https://adaa.org/living-with-anxiety/personal-stories/becoming-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">McCarney\u003c/a> has played sports his entire life, but sometimes he has to force himself to show up on the field to play pick-up soccer with his friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm dreading and I'm anticipating the worst. But I do it anyway. And then, it's a euphoric sensation when you're done with it because you end up having a great time,\" says McCarney.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarney was just 22 when he had his first panic attack. As a college and professional baseball player, he says getting help was stigmatized. It took him six years to get professional support. He still struggles with depression and social anxiety, but says exercising helps him — especially when it's with his teammates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows exercise can ease things like panic attacks or mood and sleep disorders, and a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(18)30227-X/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> in the journal, Lancet Psychiatry, found that popular team sports may have a slight edge over the other forms of physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers analyzed CDC survey data from 1.2 million adults and found — across age, gender, education status and income — people who exercised reported fewer days of bad mental health than those who didn't. And those who played team sports reported the fewest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the study's authors, \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/people/search/adam_chekroud-1.profile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adam Chekroud\u003c/a>, an assistant adjunct professor at Yale's School of Medicine, thinks team activity could add another layer of relief for sufferers of mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there are biological, cognitive and social aspects to mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some sports might just be hitting on more of those elements than other sports,\" he says. \"If you just run on a treadmill for example, it's clear that you're getting that biological stimulation. But perhaps there are other elements of depression that you're not going to be tapping into.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, this study only shows an association between group exercise and improved mental health, and can't prove that the one causes the other. But, given what is known about depression in particular, it adds up, says Jack Raglin, a professor in the department of kinesiology in the School of Public Health at Indiana University, Bloomington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who are depressed often isolate themselves, he says, so exercising in a group setting, \"can help alleviate symptoms and deal with this very pernicious symptom of depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Group exercise or team sports might also have an edge over other forms of exercise because they add an element of accountability, says Raglin. He did a study finding that couples who started an exercise program together had a lower dropout rate than those who started one on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study showed that \"very simple forms of social support can be beneficial,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don't know the exact mechanism that makes exercise elevate mood and decrease anxiety, but there is \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/12/exercise.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a body of research\u003c/a> to show that it does work on the short and long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you conceptualize exercise as a pill it means, well it's a rather small pill and easy to take and easy to tolerate,\" says Raglin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One limitation of the \u003cem>Lancet Psychiatry\u003c/em> study is the data is based on patients self-reporting their symptoms. Dr. Antonia Baum, a psychiatrist and the past president of the \u003ca href=\"https://sportspsychiatry.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Society for Sports Psychiatry\u003c/a> says patients don't always give an accurate picture of their mental health. She says the study is an important step in this research field, but the conclusions shouldn't be taken as scientific gospel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are animals. We are meant to move and if we don't, a lot of systems slow down, including our mood and cognition,\" says Baum. \"So it makes intuitive sense that exercise is beneficial, but it's nice to try to start to wrap our arms around being able to quantify and qualify that in some ways.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baum says she works with each of her patients to incorporate exercise into their lives. And she says this study will be a good jumping off point for more research on team sports and mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Baum and other researchers say getting someone who is depressed to start exercising is easier said than done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's all well and good to conclude that exercise whether it's done as a solo or a group pursuit is beneficial, but to get patients to do it is another matter and when you have a depressed patient motivation is often lacking,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chekroud says getting patients in general to stick to any kind of therapy is challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just exercises that people stop doing, they also stop taking medications. They stopped showing up for therapy,\" he says. \"Adherence is a big problem in health care right now,\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the study's findings could lead to more tools to help people reduce the overall burden of mental illness, now the leading contributor to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">global burden of disability\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The field is really crying out for things that we can do to help people with mental health issues,\" says Chekroud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For McCarney, team sports have helped him get a handle on his symptoms, he says. Before social gatherings, he often feels claustrophobic and panicked, but when he works through the anxiety and gets onto the field, he says it's always worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just gets you around people which I think is another huge thing when you're trying to maybe break out of a depressive cycle,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>How to Get Started\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For some people, the idea of joining a team or any kind of group fitness activity is terrifying. Here are a few tips for getting started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find a sports ambassador. \u003c/strong>Raglin recommends finding a \"sports ambassador,\" a friend who can connect you with a group sport or activity. The friend can get you up to speed on the sport and what's expected of you. Team sports may feel like a leap of faith, says Baum. But, she says the rewards are worth it. \"It's like playing in an orchestra — the sum being greater than the parts — truly thrilling when it all comes together,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Match your skill level.\u003c/strong> It's not hard to find amateur sports teams to join, on sites like meetup.com. A lot of workplaces also have team sport activities, but Raglin says you make sure the skill level is right for you. You're more likely to have a good experience and want to go back. \"There is nothing worse than being on a team where the skill or intensity of the players is way above or below your own level or the level of competition you were looking for,\" Raglin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Join a run or bike club.\u003c/strong> If you're not into team games, go to your local run shop or bike shop to find run communities, bike clubs or community rides to join. Raglin recommends the \u003ca href=\"https://november-project.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">November Project\u003c/a>, which is a free fitness program with chapters in major cities around the world that hosts workouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Put money on the line.\u003c/strong> If you really aren't into team activities, Baum says getting a personal trainer or signing up for a gym can \"help add a social element, and that all important accountability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Try the obvious thing first.\u003c/strong> Baum says to look at the activities you've done throughout your life and think about which ones worked best for you. She says she sometimes takes her patients running or walking with her for a therapy session to start modeling the types of exercises that could work for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sasa Woodruff is a freelance radio reporter and producer based in Los Angeles.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+New+Prescription+For+Depression%3A+Join+A+Team+And+Get+Sweaty&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445140/a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445140"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_592","futureofyou_204","futureofyou_1497"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445141","label":"source_futureofyou_445140"},"futureofyou_444852":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_444852","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"444852","score":null,"sort":[1538748569000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nobel-peace-prize-goes-to-dr-denis-mukwege-nadia-murad-for-fighting-sexual-violence","title":"Nobel Peace Prize Goes To Denis Mukwege, Nadia Murad For Fighting Sexual Violence","publishDate":1538748569,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 6:45 a.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2018 Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to Dr. Denis Mukwege, a Congolese gynecologist, and Nadia Murad, a Yazidi survivor of rape and captivity by ISIS, for their contributions toward combating wartime sexual assault.[contextly_sidebar id=\"NXJQbyDb7jC8ES9o3yGFx6gEvwbaL22U\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prize was announced by the Norwegian Nobel Committee in Oslo, Norway, on Friday morning. The committee praised the winners for being symbols in the fight to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mukwege has treated victims of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo for most of his adult life. He founded the \u003ca href=\"http://www.panzifoundation.org/panzi-hospital/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Panzi Hospital\u003c/a>, which supports survivors of sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He practices medicine in eastern Congo, which has been called the \u003ca href=\"https://news.un.org/en/story/2010/04/336662#.WWS7OGXqquc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"rape capital of the world\"\u003c/a> by U.N. officials. Nearly 50 women are raped there every hour, experts say. Mukwege has treated tens of thousands of women for rape since opening Panzi Hospital in the eastern Congo in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital's original mission was to curb maternal mortality rates. \"But our first patient did not come to deliver a baby,\" he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/10/06/496893413/doctor-who-helps-rape-survivors-is-shortlisted-for-nobel-peace-prize\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said in a 2016 speech\u003c/a>. \"She had been raped with extreme violence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mukwege developed a model of treatment that emphasizes both physical care and justice. The Panzi model's five pillars are medical treatment, psychosocial therapy, socioeconomic support and training, community reintegration and legal assistance — a healing process that allows survivors to process physical, emotional and spiritual trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mukwege has received multiple threats for carrying out his work. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/10/06/496893413/doctor-who-helps-rape-survivors-is-shortlisted-for-nobel-peace-prize\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR reported\u003c/a> in a 2016 profile of the doctor:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"In September 2012 he gave a speech decrying the horror of mass rape in Congo to the U.N. A month later, gunmen invaded his home and attempted to kill him, his wife and their two daughters. His guard intervened. During the ensuing shootout, the doctor and his family played dead. He left Congo shortly thereafter but the women of Eastern Congo sold their harvest to pay for his plane ticket home.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"His basic principle is that justice is everyone's business,\" the committee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murad herself is a victim of sexual war crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is a member of the Yazidi minority in northern Iraq and was taken captive by ISIS members who had launched an attack on her small village. She was held as a sex slave for three months before escaping from her captors. In 2016, she was named the U.N.'s first Goodwill Ambassador for the Dignity of Survivors of Human Trafficking.[contextly_sidebar id=\"tdvC6ca5g96PXhw4ZN6RW1SOjMwwwESF\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is believed that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/22/640956251/once-held-captive-by-isis-nadia-murad-is-now-engaged\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some 3,000 Yazidi women and girls\u003c/a> remain enslaved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murad, who is in her mid-20s, has spoken extensively about her experience, despite \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/12/10/369636434/for-yazidi-women-escaping-isis-doesnt-mean-the-ordeal-is-over\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the immense shame\u003c/a> her culture associates with rape — many Yazidi survivors refuse to be named. As NPR has reported, health authorities administer so-called virginity tests to some Yazidi women who return from captivity. Officials say they're voluntary and are done at the request of a victim or by the court, but some health groups call them traumatic and medically useless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She refused to accept the social codes that require women to remain silent and ashamed of the abuses to which they have been subjected,\" the committee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the committee wanted to send \"a message of awareness that women who constitute half the population in most communities actually are used as a weapon of war,\" said Berit Reiss-Andersen, chair of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, during a news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reiss-Andersen said that while wartime sexual assault and the #MeToo movement in general are significantly different, their goals share key elements: They both aim to acknowledge the abuses of women, eliminate the victim shaming and support women who speak out about their sexual assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were 331 candidates for the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize, the second-highest number of candidates ever. The peace prize is the only Nobel Prize awarded by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.[contextly_sidebar id=\"pD6V5igb9NHYIEQ8EuhBT53l6Qlg4c0W\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year's prize \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/06/556047073/2017-nobel-peace-prize\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was awarded\u003c/a> to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, or ICAN, a global organization seeking to \"outlaw and eliminate all nuclear weapons\" under international law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee praised ICAN for drawing attention to \"the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons.\" The world's nuclear powers have not committed to their treaty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year's Nobel Prizes in\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/01/653251667/james-p-allison-and-tasuku-honjo-win-2018-nobel-prize-in-physiology-or-medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> medicine\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/02/653576926/scientists-from-u-s-canada-france-split-nobel-prize-in-physics-for-laser-work\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">physics\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/03/653915709/nobel-prize-in-chemistry-honors-the-power-of-evolution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chemistry\u003c/a> were announced by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences earlier this week. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences will be awarded on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Nobel+Peace+Prize+Goes+To+Denis+Mukwege+And+Nadia+Murad+For+Fighting+Sexual+Violence&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Mukwege, a doctor, and Murad, a survivor of wartime sexual assault, have worked to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1538752018,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":772},"headData":{"title":"Nobel Peace Prize Goes To Denis Mukwege, Nadia Murad For Fighting Sexual Violence | KQED","description":"Mukwege, a doctor, and Murad, a survivor of wartime sexual assault, have worked to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Nobel Peace Prize Goes To Denis Mukwege, Nadia Murad For Fighting Sexual Violence","datePublished":"2018-10-05T14:09:29.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-05T15:06:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444852 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444852","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/05/nobel-peace-prize-goes-to-dr-denis-mukwege-nadia-murad-for-fighting-sexual-violence/","disqusTitle":"Nobel Peace Prize Goes To Denis Mukwege, Nadia Murad For Fighting Sexual Violence","source":"Health","nprImageCredit":"Christian Lutz","nprByline":"Emily Sullivan, NPR","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"654675123","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=654675123&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/05/654675123/denis-mukwege-and-nadia-murad-win-nobel-peace-prize-for-fighting-sexual-violence?ft=nprml&f=654675123","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 05 Oct 2018 08:03:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 05 Oct 2018 07:01:14 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 05 Oct 2018 08:03:38 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/444852/nobel-peace-prize-goes-to-dr-denis-mukwege-nadia-murad-for-fighting-sexual-violence","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 6:45 a.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2018 Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to Dr. Denis Mukwege, a Congolese gynecologist, and Nadia Murad, a Yazidi survivor of rape and captivity by ISIS, for their contributions toward combating wartime sexual assault.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prize was announced by the Norwegian Nobel Committee in Oslo, Norway, on Friday morning. The committee praised the winners for being symbols in the fight to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mukwege has treated victims of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo for most of his adult life. He founded the \u003ca href=\"http://www.panzifoundation.org/panzi-hospital/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Panzi Hospital\u003c/a>, which supports survivors of sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He practices medicine in eastern Congo, which has been called the \u003ca href=\"https://news.un.org/en/story/2010/04/336662#.WWS7OGXqquc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"rape capital of the world\"\u003c/a> by U.N. officials. Nearly 50 women are raped there every hour, experts say. Mukwege has treated tens of thousands of women for rape since opening Panzi Hospital in the eastern Congo in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital's original mission was to curb maternal mortality rates. \"But our first patient did not come to deliver a baby,\" he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/10/06/496893413/doctor-who-helps-rape-survivors-is-shortlisted-for-nobel-peace-prize\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said in a 2016 speech\u003c/a>. \"She had been raped with extreme violence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mukwege developed a model of treatment that emphasizes both physical care and justice. The Panzi model's five pillars are medical treatment, psychosocial therapy, socioeconomic support and training, community reintegration and legal assistance — a healing process that allows survivors to process physical, emotional and spiritual trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mukwege has received multiple threats for carrying out his work. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/10/06/496893413/doctor-who-helps-rape-survivors-is-shortlisted-for-nobel-peace-prize\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR reported\u003c/a> in a 2016 profile of the doctor:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"In September 2012 he gave a speech decrying the horror of mass rape in Congo to the U.N. A month later, gunmen invaded his home and attempted to kill him, his wife and their two daughters. His guard intervened. During the ensuing shootout, the doctor and his family played dead. He left Congo shortly thereafter but the women of Eastern Congo sold their harvest to pay for his plane ticket home.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"His basic principle is that justice is everyone's business,\" the committee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murad herself is a victim of sexual war crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is a member of the Yazidi minority in northern Iraq and was taken captive by ISIS members who had launched an attack on her small village. She was held as a sex slave for three months before escaping from her captors. In 2016, she was named the U.N.'s first Goodwill Ambassador for the Dignity of Survivors of Human Trafficking.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is believed that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/22/640956251/once-held-captive-by-isis-nadia-murad-is-now-engaged\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some 3,000 Yazidi women and girls\u003c/a> remain enslaved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murad, who is in her mid-20s, has spoken extensively about her experience, despite \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/12/10/369636434/for-yazidi-women-escaping-isis-doesnt-mean-the-ordeal-is-over\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the immense shame\u003c/a> her culture associates with rape — many Yazidi survivors refuse to be named. As NPR has reported, health authorities administer so-called virginity tests to some Yazidi women who return from captivity. Officials say they're voluntary and are done at the request of a victim or by the court, but some health groups call them traumatic and medically useless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She refused to accept the social codes that require women to remain silent and ashamed of the abuses to which they have been subjected,\" the committee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the committee wanted to send \"a message of awareness that women who constitute half the population in most communities actually are used as a weapon of war,\" said Berit Reiss-Andersen, chair of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, during a news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reiss-Andersen said that while wartime sexual assault and the #MeToo movement in general are significantly different, their goals share key elements: They both aim to acknowledge the abuses of women, eliminate the victim shaming and support women who speak out about their sexual assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were 331 candidates for the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize, the second-highest number of candidates ever. The peace prize is the only Nobel Prize awarded by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year's prize \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/06/556047073/2017-nobel-peace-prize\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was awarded\u003c/a> to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, or ICAN, a global organization seeking to \"outlaw and eliminate all nuclear weapons\" under international law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee praised ICAN for drawing attention to \"the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons.\" The world's nuclear powers have not committed to their treaty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year's Nobel Prizes in\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/01/653251667/james-p-allison-and-tasuku-honjo-win-2018-nobel-prize-in-physiology-or-medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> medicine\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/02/653576926/scientists-from-u-s-canada-france-split-nobel-prize-in-physics-for-laser-work\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">physics\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/03/653915709/nobel-prize-in-chemistry-honors-the-power-of-evolution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chemistry\u003c/a> were announced by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences earlier this week. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences will be awarded on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Nobel+Peace+Prize+Goes+To+Denis+Mukwege+And+Nadia+Murad+For+Fighting+Sexual+Violence&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444852/nobel-peace-prize-goes-to-dr-denis-mukwege-nadia-murad-for-fighting-sexual-violence","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444852"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_791","futureofyou_204","futureofyou_1429","futureofyou_215"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444853","label":"source_futureofyou_444852"},"futureofyou_444670":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_444670","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"444670","score":null,"sort":[1538163243000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-trauma-strengthens-memory-scientists-weigh-in-on-kavanaugh-hearing","title":"How Trauma Strengthens Memory: Scientists Weigh In On Kavanaugh Hearing","publishDate":1538163243,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>In Thursday's testimony at Judge Brett Kavanaugh's confirmation hearings, Christine Blasey Ford alleged Kavanaugh sexually assaulted her at a party in 1982, when she was 15 years old and he was 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanaugh staunchly denied these allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But memory is fallible. A question on many people's minds, is how well can anyone recall something that happened over 35 years ago?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty well, say scientists, if the memory is of a traumatic event. That's because of the key role emotions play in making and storing memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Things that have more emotional significance tend to get more encoded.’\u003ccite>Jim Hopper, Harvard University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On any given day, our brains only store or \"encode\" some of the things we experience. \"What we pay attention to is what's more likely to get encoded,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimhopper.com/\">Jim Hopper\u003c/a>, a teaching associate in psychology at Harvard University and a consultant on sexual assault and trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A region of the brain called the hippocampus plays an important role in this process. Ford referred to the hippocampus when questioned by Senator Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., about how she was so sure that Kavanaugh was the perpetrator of the alleged assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The hippocampus certainly plays a role in taking things into short-term memory and then transferring them and consolidating them into long-term memories,\" says Hopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an event elicits an emotional reaction in us, then it's more likely to make it into our memory. \"Things that have more emotional significance tend to get more encoded,\" says Hopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when something elicits an intense negative emotion, like a trauma, it's even more likely to be encoded in the brain.[contextly_sidebar id=\"L3kfMcbFb57nqlRcJppVmhyqT4zEaiHz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The stress hormones, cortisol, norepinephrine, that are released during a terrifying trauma tend to render the experience vivid and memorable, especially the central aspect, the most meaningful aspects of the experience for the victim,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcnallylab.com/\">Richard McNally\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Harvard University and the the author of the book, \u003cem>Remembering Trauma\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because a high stress state \"alters the function of the hippocampus and puts it into a super encoding mode,\" says Hopper, especially early on during an event. That's why \"the central details [of the event] get burned into their memory and they may never forget them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it's sexual assault victims, or soldiers in combat or survivors of an earthquake, people who've experienced traumatic events tend to remember the most essential and frightening elements of the events in vivid detail for life, says McNally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, this doesn't mean that these memories include every detail of the event. The brain holds on to the most important stuff at the expense of the peripheral details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take for example, a clerk at convenience store who gets robbed at gunpoint, says McNally. \"The person may often encode the features of the weapon, the gun pointed at him, but not recall whether or not the person was wearing glasses, because their attention is focused on the most central features of the experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNally says this would explain why Ford says she remembers what happened during the alleged assault, but she can't remember the date of the party or its location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were forgotten because they were never encoded,\" says McNally. \"When somebody has an experience such as this, they're not necessarily saying, 'I better get down the address.' They're preoccupied with trying to escape this terrifying experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, \"people in general are not good about dating events, whether they're traumatic events or non traumatic events,\" he adds. Unless there are other clues to the date, most people tend to forget when something happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the memory of perpetrators of sexual assault, there's been little research on it, says Hopper. But what the research on emotions and memory suggests is the perpetrator's memory will depend on their emotional state, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If holding someone down and trying to take their clothes off was an entertaining experience, or a routine, familiar experience you're less likely to store that,\" he says. \"It really depends on how the perpetrator is relating to things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another factor that affects how memories are stored is alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally alcohol can make people forget things,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.muhealth.org/doctors/mary-miller-phd\">Mary Beth Miller\u003c/a>, a clinical psychologist at the University of Missouri-Columbia, who has studied the impact of alcohol consumption on making and retrieving memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/california-professor-writer-of-confidential-brett-kavanaugh-letter-speaks-out-about-her-allegation-of-sexual-assault/2018/09/16/46982194-b846-11e8-94eb-3bd52dfe917b_story.html?utm_term=.4ec990e35857\">Ford told\u003c/a> \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> that she remembers Kavanaugh being \"stumbling drunk,\" whereas she recalls having one beer that night.[contextly_sidebar id=\"lcYeMn0WbceR2Ykc6LIyqTORnCVNryrk\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other accusers who did not testify Thursday have also suggested Kavanaugh was part of a group of friends who indulged in heavy drinking in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his testimony, Kavanaugh said he likes beer, but denied ever drinking so much that he didn't remember things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller says memory loss from alcohol — blackouts — \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa63/aa63.htm\">are very common\u003c/a> among young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a blackout, you're walking around, talking to people,\" says Miller. \"And a lot of times in a blackout people will be very coherent. You're just doing your thing, and people don't know, because it's hard to know if someone's in a blackout state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These blackouts are what scientists call \"fragmentary\" blackouts, where someone has partial memory loss, but \"you can usually recall, if someone reminds you later.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fragmentary blackouts can occur at low blood alcohol concentrations, as low as 0.06, she says. (For comparison, the legal limit for driving is 0.08.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller also says that animal studies suggest that \"adolescent brains are actually more sensitive to the memory impairing effects of alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A permanent memory impairment, what scientists call \"en bloc blackout,\" has a beginning and an end, says Miller, and the person cannot remember anything that happened in between. She says these typically occur at a higher blood alcohol concentrations, around 0.24.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is because higher amounts of alcohol prevent short-term memory from being converted to long-term memory, says Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And people with a history of heavy drinking are more likely to have more memory deficits,\" she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Trauma+Affects+Memory%3A+Scientists+Weigh+In+On+The+Kavanaugh+Hearing&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In Thursday's testimony, Christine Blasey Ford said that she was 100 percent certain that Judge Kavanaugh assaulted her in 1982. How can she be sure? What does science say about memory and trauma?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1538163568,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1032},"headData":{"title":"How Trauma Strengthens Memory: Scientists Weigh In On Kavanaugh Hearing | KQED","description":"In Thursday's testimony, Christine Blasey Ford said that she was 100 percent certain that Judge Kavanaugh assaulted her in 1982. How can she be sure? What does science say about memory and trauma?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Trauma Strengthens Memory: Scientists Weigh In On Kavanaugh Hearing","datePublished":"2018-09-28T19:34:03.000Z","dateModified":"2018-09-28T19:39:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444670 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444670","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/09/28/how-trauma-strengthens-memory-scientists-weigh-in-on-kavanaugh-hearing/","disqusTitle":"How Trauma Strengthens Memory: Scientists Weigh In On Kavanaugh Hearing","nprByline":"Rhitu Chatterjee, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Win McNamee/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"652524372","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=652524372&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/09/28/652524372/how-trauma-affects-memory-scientists-weigh-in-on-the-kavanaugh-hearing?ft=nprml&f=652524372","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 28 Sep 2018 15:24:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 28 Sep 2018 15:24:42 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 28 Sep 2018 15:24:42 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/444670/how-trauma-strengthens-memory-scientists-weigh-in-on-kavanaugh-hearing","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In Thursday's testimony at Judge Brett Kavanaugh's confirmation hearings, Christine Blasey Ford alleged Kavanaugh sexually assaulted her at a party in 1982, when she was 15 years old and he was 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanaugh staunchly denied these allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But memory is fallible. A question on many people's minds, is how well can anyone recall something that happened over 35 years ago?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty well, say scientists, if the memory is of a traumatic event. That's because of the key role emotions play in making and storing memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Things that have more emotional significance tend to get more encoded.’\u003ccite>Jim Hopper, Harvard University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On any given day, our brains only store or \"encode\" some of the things we experience. \"What we pay attention to is what's more likely to get encoded,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimhopper.com/\">Jim Hopper\u003c/a>, a teaching associate in psychology at Harvard University and a consultant on sexual assault and trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A region of the brain called the hippocampus plays an important role in this process. Ford referred to the hippocampus when questioned by Senator Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., about how she was so sure that Kavanaugh was the perpetrator of the alleged assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The hippocampus certainly plays a role in taking things into short-term memory and then transferring them and consolidating them into long-term memories,\" says Hopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an event elicits an emotional reaction in us, then it's more likely to make it into our memory. \"Things that have more emotional significance tend to get more encoded,\" says Hopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when something elicits an intense negative emotion, like a trauma, it's even more likely to be encoded in the brain.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The stress hormones, cortisol, norepinephrine, that are released during a terrifying trauma tend to render the experience vivid and memorable, especially the central aspect, the most meaningful aspects of the experience for the victim,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcnallylab.com/\">Richard McNally\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Harvard University and the the author of the book, \u003cem>Remembering Trauma\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because a high stress state \"alters the function of the hippocampus and puts it into a super encoding mode,\" says Hopper, especially early on during an event. That's why \"the central details [of the event] get burned into their memory and they may never forget them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it's sexual assault victims, or soldiers in combat or survivors of an earthquake, people who've experienced traumatic events tend to remember the most essential and frightening elements of the events in vivid detail for life, says McNally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, this doesn't mean that these memories include every detail of the event. The brain holds on to the most important stuff at the expense of the peripheral details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take for example, a clerk at convenience store who gets robbed at gunpoint, says McNally. \"The person may often encode the features of the weapon, the gun pointed at him, but not recall whether or not the person was wearing glasses, because their attention is focused on the most central features of the experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNally says this would explain why Ford says she remembers what happened during the alleged assault, but she can't remember the date of the party or its location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were forgotten because they were never encoded,\" says McNally. \"When somebody has an experience such as this, they're not necessarily saying, 'I better get down the address.' They're preoccupied with trying to escape this terrifying experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, \"people in general are not good about dating events, whether they're traumatic events or non traumatic events,\" he adds. Unless there are other clues to the date, most people tend to forget when something happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the memory of perpetrators of sexual assault, there's been little research on it, says Hopper. But what the research on emotions and memory suggests is the perpetrator's memory will depend on their emotional state, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If holding someone down and trying to take their clothes off was an entertaining experience, or a routine, familiar experience you're less likely to store that,\" he says. \"It really depends on how the perpetrator is relating to things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another factor that affects how memories are stored is alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally alcohol can make people forget things,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.muhealth.org/doctors/mary-miller-phd\">Mary Beth Miller\u003c/a>, a clinical psychologist at the University of Missouri-Columbia, who has studied the impact of alcohol consumption on making and retrieving memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/california-professor-writer-of-confidential-brett-kavanaugh-letter-speaks-out-about-her-allegation-of-sexual-assault/2018/09/16/46982194-b846-11e8-94eb-3bd52dfe917b_story.html?utm_term=.4ec990e35857\">Ford told\u003c/a> \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> that she remembers Kavanaugh being \"stumbling drunk,\" whereas she recalls having one beer that night.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other accusers who did not testify Thursday have also suggested Kavanaugh was part of a group of friends who indulged in heavy drinking in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his testimony, Kavanaugh said he likes beer, but denied ever drinking so much that he didn't remember things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller says memory loss from alcohol — blackouts — \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa63/aa63.htm\">are very common\u003c/a> among young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a blackout, you're walking around, talking to people,\" says Miller. \"And a lot of times in a blackout people will be very coherent. You're just doing your thing, and people don't know, because it's hard to know if someone's in a blackout state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These blackouts are what scientists call \"fragmentary\" blackouts, where someone has partial memory loss, but \"you can usually recall, if someone reminds you later.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fragmentary blackouts can occur at low blood alcohol concentrations, as low as 0.06, she says. (For comparison, the legal limit for driving is 0.08.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller also says that animal studies suggest that \"adolescent brains are actually more sensitive to the memory impairing effects of alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A permanent memory impairment, what scientists call \"en bloc blackout,\" has a beginning and an end, says Miller, and the person cannot remember anything that happened in between. She says these typically occur at a higher blood alcohol concentrations, around 0.24.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is because higher amounts of alcohol prevent short-term memory from being converted to long-term memory, says Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And people with a history of heavy drinking are more likely to have more memory deficits,\" she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Trauma+Affects+Memory%3A+Scientists+Weigh+In+On+The+Kavanaugh+Hearing&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444670/how-trauma-strengthens-memory-scientists-weigh-in-on-kavanaugh-hearing","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444670"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1047","futureofyou_204","futureofyou_1555"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444671","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_444554":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_444554","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"444554","score":null,"sort":[1537545602000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"memorys-frailty-may-be-playing-role-in-kavanaugh-matter","title":"What Do Kavanaugh Accusations Tell Us About Memory?","publishDate":1537545602,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>She says he sexually assaulted her; he denies it. Is somebody deliberately lying?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not necessarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say that because of how memory works, it’s possible that both Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh and Christine Blasey Ford — the woman who says a drunken Kavanaugh pinned her to a bed and groped her at a party when they were teenagers in the early 1980s — believe what they say.[contextly_sidebar id=\"aGFI2U13RVFON4GWTLLls7lLOiR2jou1\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And which one of them believes his or her version more strongly is no tipoff to what really happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Confidence is not a good guide to whether or not someone is telling the truth,” said Nora Newcombe, a psychology professor at Temple University in Philadelphia. “If they think they’re telling the truth, they could plausibly both be confident about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nation ponders the accusations from Ford that could derail Kavanaugh’s nomination, the possibility that one of them simply got it wrong has been floated on Capitol Hill. Ford’s lawyers have said some senators appear to have made up their mind that she is “mistaken” and confused. Republican Sen. Orrin Hatch of Utah told CNN, “Somebody’s mixed up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say a person’s memory is not like a video recorder, perfectly capturing an objective record of everything that happens for later retrieval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Memory is mostly true but sometimes unreliable,” said psychologist Jennifer Talarico of Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania. Generally, “we get the gist mostly right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your beliefs and expectations shape what you perceive in your life and how you later remember those events, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are constructing the reality out there as it happens, and therefore you get stuck with that ... as the most accurate you can have for your memory,” said David Rubin, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University. “That’s all you have to base your memory on.”[contextly_sidebar id=\"whv9WgAL0RAIu9Kk3FDpIVBBXEXkxLjZ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in a situation where a woman fears being raped by a man, her memories might be shaped by that fear into a recollection that overestimates the threat, whereas the man might consider it “just playing around” and simply forget it later on, Rubin said. And both could be completely honest about their recollections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, when people make mistakes in recalling an event, they unknowingly slip in details that would be typical on such occasions, Talarico said. (She would not speculate on particular memories at issue in the Kavanaugh matter.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to emotionally charged events, it’s typical to remember a central person or an item such as a gun but forget the context and details, Newcombe said. “You have this vivid central thing and everything else is fuzzy,” she said. “Emotion makes one thing go up and the other go down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it would be wrong to challenge Ford’s memory of the alleged incident over inability to recall details, Newcombe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford, a 51-year-old California psychology professor, told The Washington Post that she told nobody about the alleged incident in any detail until 2012, while in couples therapy. Her husband said he recalled her using Kavanaugh’s last name at that time.[contextly_sidebar id=\"JPgu1jHhQDzw6C74gfXRYE1kGCDVjvC4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts cited a classic case of how memory can fail: the 1973 Senate committee testimony of John Dean, former counsel to President Richard Nixon, regarding the Watergate affair. He testified about conversations that, it later turned out, had been recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1981, a psychologist published a comparison of his testimony to the tapes and found that even though Dean was basically right about the existence of a cover-up, his accounts of conversations were often wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the Kavanaugh matter, Rubin said, “We don’t have the tapes for what happened at the party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Experts say that because of how memory works, it’s possible that both Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh and Christine Blasey Ford believe what they say.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1537513873,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":660},"headData":{"title":"What Do Kavanaugh Accusations Tell Us About Memory? | KQED","description":"Experts say that because of how memory works, it’s possible that both Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh and Christine Blasey Ford believe what they say.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What Do Kavanaugh Accusations Tell Us About Memory?","datePublished":"2018-09-21T16:00:02.000Z","dateModified":"2018-09-21T07:11:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444554 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444554","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/09/21/memorys-frailty-may-be-playing-role-in-kavanaugh-matter/","disqusTitle":"What Do Kavanaugh Accusations Tell Us About Memory?","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Malcolm Ritter, The Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/444554/memorys-frailty-may-be-playing-role-in-kavanaugh-matter","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>She says he sexually assaulted her; he denies it. Is somebody deliberately lying?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not necessarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say that because of how memory works, it’s possible that both Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh and Christine Blasey Ford — the woman who says a drunken Kavanaugh pinned her to a bed and groped her at a party when they were teenagers in the early 1980s — believe what they say.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And which one of them believes his or her version more strongly is no tipoff to what really happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Confidence is not a good guide to whether or not someone is telling the truth,” said Nora Newcombe, a psychology professor at Temple University in Philadelphia. “If they think they’re telling the truth, they could plausibly both be confident about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nation ponders the accusations from Ford that could derail Kavanaugh’s nomination, the possibility that one of them simply got it wrong has been floated on Capitol Hill. Ford’s lawyers have said some senators appear to have made up their mind that she is “mistaken” and confused. Republican Sen. Orrin Hatch of Utah told CNN, “Somebody’s mixed up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say a person’s memory is not like a video recorder, perfectly capturing an objective record of everything that happens for later retrieval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Memory is mostly true but sometimes unreliable,” said psychologist Jennifer Talarico of Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania. Generally, “we get the gist mostly right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your beliefs and expectations shape what you perceive in your life and how you later remember those events, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are constructing the reality out there as it happens, and therefore you get stuck with that ... as the most accurate you can have for your memory,” said David Rubin, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University. “That’s all you have to base your memory on.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in a situation where a woman fears being raped by a man, her memories might be shaped by that fear into a recollection that overestimates the threat, whereas the man might consider it “just playing around” and simply forget it later on, Rubin said. And both could be completely honest about their recollections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, when people make mistakes in recalling an event, they unknowingly slip in details that would be typical on such occasions, Talarico said. (She would not speculate on particular memories at issue in the Kavanaugh matter.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to emotionally charged events, it’s typical to remember a central person or an item such as a gun but forget the context and details, Newcombe said. “You have this vivid central thing and everything else is fuzzy,” she said. “Emotion makes one thing go up and the other go down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it would be wrong to challenge Ford’s memory of the alleged incident over inability to recall details, Newcombe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford, a 51-year-old California psychology professor, told The Washington Post that she told nobody about the alleged incident in any detail until 2012, while in couples therapy. Her husband said he recalled her using Kavanaugh’s last name at that time.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts cited a classic case of how memory can fail: the 1973 Senate committee testimony of John Dean, former counsel to President Richard Nixon, regarding the Watergate affair. He testified about conversations that, it later turned out, had been recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1981, a psychologist published a comparison of his testimony to the tapes and found that even though Dean was basically right about the existence of a cover-up, his accounts of conversations were often wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the Kavanaugh matter, Rubin said, “We don’t have the tapes for what happened at the party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444554/memorys-frailty-may-be-playing-role-in-kavanaugh-matter","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444554"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_56","futureofyou_1047","futureofyou_204","futureofyou_1555"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444559","label":"source_futureofyou_444554"},"futureofyou_444504":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_444504","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"444504","score":null,"sort":[1537376443000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"watch-this-rapper-used-neuroscience-to-get-over-her-ex","title":"WATCH: This Rapper Used Neuroscience To Get Over Her Ex","publishDate":1537376443,"format":"aside","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://youtu.be/_zptWlAxYk0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a relationship ends but love remains, it can be both frustrating and embarrassing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dessa, \u003ca href=\"http://www.doomtree.net/dessa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a well-known rapper, singer and writer from Minneapolis,\u003c/a> knows the feeling well. She'd spent years trying to get over an ex-boyfriend, but she was still stuck on him.[contextly_sidebar id=\"mlbMdLIlSsXEMYXBPWlqFIXoZNq8obvy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're not only suffering,\" she says, \"you're just sort of ridiculous. Discipline and dedication are my strong suits — it really bothered me that, no matter how much effort I tried to expend in trying to solve this problem, I was stuck.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things changed when Dessa turned to the frontiers of neuroscience for help. She came across a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/helen_fisher_studies_the_brain_in_love\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TED Talk by Helen Fisher\u003c/a>, a biological anthropologist and visiting research associate at Rutgers University. Using a type of brain scan called functional MRI, or fMRI, Fisher had looked into the brains of love-struck people and noticed that certain parts of their brains were unusually active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That you could objectively measure and observe 'love' — that had never occurred to me before,\" Dessa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wondered: If science could map the sources of love in her brain, could it somehow make that love go away?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question led her to a controversial therapy technique called \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4892319/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">neurofeedback\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is simple: If you want to learn to lower your heart rate, it helps to be able to hear your pulse. And if you want to change patterns of brain activity, it might be helpful to be able to see what your brain is up to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One flavor of neurofeedback therapy uses a technology called electroencephalography (EEG). A cap full of electrical leads picks up brain waves and translates them into visual or audio cues — like shifting colors on a screen or a series of dings.[contextly_sidebar id=\"1fHutBtcW68QYfMP3EG9cUp4qyVAiRXb\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that people can use this feedback to retrain those brain waves, changing underlying patterns in the process — turning down unwanted brain activity or turning up regions that are too quiet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinicians have used neurofeedback to try and treat all kinds of mental health issues: anxiety, depression, autism, and ADHD. And they say they've \u003ca href=\"https://www.isnr.org/in-defense-of-neurofeedback\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">seen some positive results\u003c/a>. Patients say they feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing popularity of EEG-neurofeedback has been met with skepticism. Some scientists say the power of this therapy \u003ca href=\"https://s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/razlab.org/publications/NF_AMP_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may stem from the placebo effect\u003c/a>. (They also point out that a lot of neurofeedback research is done by \u003ca href=\"https://s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/razlab.org/publications/NF_Brain_Climate_2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">people who have a financial stake in the industry\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more rigorous research from the past couple of years supports the idea that, at least in some cases, neurofeedback can be used to train the brain. Most of this research uses fMRI brain scans — not EEG — to peek inside the skull.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273(16)00095-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one study\u003c/a>, participants learned to turn up a brain region linked to motivation and focus. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28407727\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another\u003c/a>, patients with depression were able to alleviate some of their symptoms. But scientists doing this research say there's a lot of work to be done before it can be applied clinically.[contextly_sidebar id=\"ZTOJcPBkTbqiXR1MSox5O57wZuSuzU4T\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could neurofeedback provide a balm for broken hearts? No research has been done in this area. But that didn't stop Dessa from trying a sort of experiment on herself: nine EEG-neurofeedback sessions aimed at helping her brain escape the rut of romantic obsession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she felt different when she was done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before, I felt that I was really under the thumb of a fixation and a compulsion,\" she says. \"And now it feels like those feelings have been scaled down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, maybe the neurofeedback had worked as practitioners suggest it does. Or maybe, alternatively, Dessa got the therapy she wanted in other ways — by talking through her experiment, by writing about it, by composing songs for her new album.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or maybe, her neurofeedback sessions helped her via the placebo effect. They suggested that her emotions are grounded in a physical organ \u003cem> — \u003c/em>one that she might be able to influence. Maybe simply believing that she wasn't helpless helped her change her mind and heal her heartbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the reason, Dessa is happy to begin to move on and to start a new chapter with her music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've written a bunch of sad rap bangers — I'd like to write other kinds of songs,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+Rapper+Tried+To+Use+Neuroscience+To+Get+Over+Her+Ex&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Dessa is a singer and writer from Minneapolis who spent years trying to fall out of love and get over her ex. Nothing seemed to help — until she visited a research lab for a brain scan.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1537343212,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":739},"headData":{"title":"WATCH: This Rapper Used Neuroscience To Get Over Her Ex | KQED","description":"Dessa is a singer and writer from Minneapolis who spent years trying to fall out of love and get over her ex. Nothing seemed to help — until she visited a research lab for a brain scan.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"WATCH: This Rapper Used Neuroscience To Get Over Her Ex","datePublished":"2018-09-19T17:00:43.000Z","dateModified":"2018-09-19T07:46:52.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444504 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444504","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/09/19/watch-this-rapper-used-neuroscience-to-get-over-her-ex/","disqusTitle":"WATCH: This Rapper Used Neuroscience To Get Over Her Ex","source":"Hope/Hype","nprImageCredit":"Adam Cole","nprByline":"Ryan Kellman, NPR","nprImageAgency":"NPR's Skunk Bear","nprStoryId":"646251015","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=646251015&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/09/18/646251015/this-rapper-tried-to-use-neuroscience-to-get-over-her-ex?ft=nprml&f=646251015","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 18 Sep 2018 11:01:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 18 Sep 2018 05:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 18 Sep 2018 11:01:03 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/444504/watch-this-rapper-used-neuroscience-to-get-over-her-ex","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/_zptWlAxYk0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/_zptWlAxYk0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>When a relationship ends but love remains, it can be both frustrating and embarrassing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dessa, \u003ca href=\"http://www.doomtree.net/dessa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a well-known rapper, singer and writer from Minneapolis,\u003c/a> knows the feeling well. She'd spent years trying to get over an ex-boyfriend, but she was still stuck on him.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're not only suffering,\" she says, \"you're just sort of ridiculous. Discipline and dedication are my strong suits — it really bothered me that, no matter how much effort I tried to expend in trying to solve this problem, I was stuck.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things changed when Dessa turned to the frontiers of neuroscience for help. She came across a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/helen_fisher_studies_the_brain_in_love\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TED Talk by Helen Fisher\u003c/a>, a biological anthropologist and visiting research associate at Rutgers University. Using a type of brain scan called functional MRI, or fMRI, Fisher had looked into the brains of love-struck people and noticed that certain parts of their brains were unusually active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That you could objectively measure and observe 'love' — that had never occurred to me before,\" Dessa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wondered: If science could map the sources of love in her brain, could it somehow make that love go away?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question led her to a controversial therapy technique called \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4892319/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">neurofeedback\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is simple: If you want to learn to lower your heart rate, it helps to be able to hear your pulse. And if you want to change patterns of brain activity, it might be helpful to be able to see what your brain is up to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One flavor of neurofeedback therapy uses a technology called electroencephalography (EEG). A cap full of electrical leads picks up brain waves and translates them into visual or audio cues — like shifting colors on a screen or a series of dings.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that people can use this feedback to retrain those brain waves, changing underlying patterns in the process — turning down unwanted brain activity or turning up regions that are too quiet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinicians have used neurofeedback to try and treat all kinds of mental health issues: anxiety, depression, autism, and ADHD. And they say they've \u003ca href=\"https://www.isnr.org/in-defense-of-neurofeedback\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">seen some positive results\u003c/a>. Patients say they feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing popularity of EEG-neurofeedback has been met with skepticism. Some scientists say the power of this therapy \u003ca href=\"https://s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/razlab.org/publications/NF_AMP_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may stem from the placebo effect\u003c/a>. (They also point out that a lot of neurofeedback research is done by \u003ca href=\"https://s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/razlab.org/publications/NF_Brain_Climate_2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">people who have a financial stake in the industry\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more rigorous research from the past couple of years supports the idea that, at least in some cases, neurofeedback can be used to train the brain. Most of this research uses fMRI brain scans — not EEG — to peek inside the skull.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273(16)00095-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one study\u003c/a>, participants learned to turn up a brain region linked to motivation and focus. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28407727\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another\u003c/a>, patients with depression were able to alleviate some of their symptoms. But scientists doing this research say there's a lot of work to be done before it can be applied clinically.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could neurofeedback provide a balm for broken hearts? No research has been done in this area. But that didn't stop Dessa from trying a sort of experiment on herself: nine EEG-neurofeedback sessions aimed at helping her brain escape the rut of romantic obsession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she felt different when she was done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before, I felt that I was really under the thumb of a fixation and a compulsion,\" she says. \"And now it feels like those feelings have been scaled down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, maybe the neurofeedback had worked as practitioners suggest it does. Or maybe, alternatively, Dessa got the therapy she wanted in other ways — by talking through her experiment, by writing about it, by composing songs for her new album.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or maybe, her neurofeedback sessions helped her via the placebo effect. They suggested that her emotions are grounded in a physical organ \u003cem> — \u003c/em>one that she might be able to influence. Maybe simply believing that she wasn't helpless helped her change her mind and heal her heartbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the reason, Dessa is happy to begin to move on and to start a new chapter with her music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've written a bunch of sad rap bangers — I'd like to write other kinds of songs,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+Rapper+Tried+To+Use+Neuroscience+To+Get+Over+Her+Ex&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444504/watch-this-rapper-used-neuroscience-to-get-over-her-ex","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444504"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73","futureofyou_1061"],"tags":["futureofyou_56","futureofyou_205","futureofyou_204","futureofyou_59"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093","futureofyou_1097","futureofyou_1096"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444505","label":"source_futureofyou_444504"},"futureofyou_444450":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_444450","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"444450","score":null,"sort":[1537204210000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"doctors-group-recommends-support-for-transgender-children","title":"Major Pediatrics Group Takes Stand in Support of Transgender Youth","publishDate":1537204210,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A doctors group took a stand in support of transgender children Monday, offering advice in what it called “a rapidly evolving” field.[contextly_sidebar id=\"ew5jSTpxA05QNe71t6m93gcXN8jJWF5a\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Academy of Pediatrics recommended support for kids who change their names or hairstyles to affirm their chosen gender identity. The group said children are more likely to have better physical and mental health with such support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy describes interventions including hormones to suppress puberty and even surgery for teens on a case-by-case basis. It calls for advocacy in favor of laws protecting transgender youth from discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recommendations, published in the journal Pediatrics, come at a time when the Trump \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/7240e9d0bfa84ed08c17e8e02765258e/Struggle-for-transgender-rights-shifts-to-health-care\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">administration\u003c/a> has put the brakes on such protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/02e14dcaba1f44af8202d390794f8717/Not-just-boy-and-girl;-more-teens-identify-as-transgender\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> earlier this year found nearly 3 percent of U.S. youth identify as transgender or by other nontraditional gender terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctors group, which represents 67,000 physicians who treat children and young adults, previously has made public statements in response to so-called bathroom legislation involving transgender people, but this is its first policy statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The recommendations come at a time when the Trump administration has put the brakes on such protections.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1537556519,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":185},"headData":{"title":"Major Pediatrics Group Takes Stand in Support of Transgender Youth | KQED","description":"The recommendations come at a time when the Trump administration has put the brakes on such protections.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Major Pediatrics Group Takes Stand in Support of Transgender Youth","datePublished":"2018-09-17T17:10:10.000Z","dateModified":"2018-09-21T19:01:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444450 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444450","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/09/17/doctors-group-recommends-support-for-transgender-children/","disqusTitle":"Major Pediatrics Group Takes Stand in Support of Transgender Youth","source":"Health","nprByline":"Carla K. Johnson \u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/444450/doctors-group-recommends-support-for-transgender-children","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A doctors group took a stand in support of transgender children Monday, offering advice in what it called “a rapidly evolving” field.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Academy of Pediatrics recommended support for kids who change their names or hairstyles to affirm their chosen gender identity. The group said children are more likely to have better physical and mental health with such support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy describes interventions including hormones to suppress puberty and even surgery for teens on a case-by-case basis. It calls for advocacy in favor of laws protecting transgender youth from discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recommendations, published in the journal Pediatrics, come at a time when the Trump \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/7240e9d0bfa84ed08c17e8e02765258e/Struggle-for-transgender-rights-shifts-to-health-care\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">administration\u003c/a> has put the brakes on such protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/02e14dcaba1f44af8202d390794f8717/Not-just-boy-and-girl;-more-teens-identify-as-transgender\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> earlier this year found nearly 3 percent of U.S. youth identify as transgender or by other nontraditional gender terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctors group, which represents 67,000 physicians who treat children and young adults, previously has made public statements in response to so-called bathroom legislation involving transgender people, but this is its first policy statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444450/doctors-group-recommends-support-for-transgender-children","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444450"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_204","futureofyou_1018","futureofyou_1434"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_370177","label":"source_futureofyou_444450"},"futureofyou_444190":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_444190","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"444190","score":null,"sort":[1535736024000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"new-gun-ranking-shows-the-impact-of-gun-deaths-worldwide","title":"New Gun Ranking Shows the Impact of Gun Deaths Worldwide","publishDate":1535736024,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":1093,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>In 2016, more than 250,000 people worldwide died as a result of firearms, and half of all of those deaths came from six nations, including the U.S.[contextly_sidebar id=\"Sq405EaoxZZES4Xjef22Cavnquq3czrJ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new numbers, from the University of Washington’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s latest study of Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors, offer several new ways to measure the impact of gun deaths worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of all gun-related deaths in 2016 occurred in six nations — Brazil, the United States, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia and Guatemala. Together, the study published in the journal JAMA noted, these countries hold less than 10 percent of the world’s population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-444187\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/gundeaths2016IHME.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"656\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/gundeaths2016IHME.png 656w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/gundeaths2016IHME-160x90.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/gundeaths2016IHME-240x135.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/gundeaths2016IHME-375x211.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/gundeaths2016IHME-520x293.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 656px) 100vw, 656px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, 64 percent of deaths were determined to be homicides, while an additional 27 percent were suicides and 9 percent were accidental shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But country to country, looking at the ways people die due to gunfire produces a deeply varied picture, said Christopher Murray, the institute’s director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the number of gun-related homicides, the U.S. ranks 30th worldwide. But suicides linked to guns occurred in the U.S. at a rate of 6.4 per 100,000 deaths — a total of 23,800 people — the second highest rate worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These numbers come days after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/police-said-jacksonville-shooter-clearly-targeted-other-gamers-heres-what-we-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gunman in Jacksonville, Florida,\u003c/a> fatally shot two people and injured 11 more before he killed himself Sunday during a video game tournament in a shopping mall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While mass shootings like these capture the most media attention, they are responsible for a small sliver of overall gun deaths in the United States, gun violence experts Frederick P. Rivara, David M. Studdert and Garen J. Wintemute wrote in an editorial published in JAMA alongside the new report.[contextly_sidebar id=\"SZDflZXxowNtlSQKEIza6tXHHr8FLgte\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the United States and elsewhere, acts of terrorism committed with firearms and other lethal means have changed the way people live, work, travel, and play,” they wrote. “In the United States, armed guards patrol some schools, and some politicians have advocated allowing teachers to carry guns. Although mass shootings and terrorist attacks are the most visible form of gun violence, they account for only a small fraction of the public health burden of firearm-related morbidity and mortality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-444188\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"849\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024.png 849w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024-160x193.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024-800x965.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024-768x926.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024-240x289.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024-375x452.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024-520x627.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 849px) 100vw, 849px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this latest report, researchers pulled data about 195 nations and territories, using nearly 2,900 different sources — a median of nine different datasets per nation. The study looks at data from 1990 to 2016, and was largely based on death certificate reports, Murray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the United States, 37,200 people died as a result of overall gun use in 2016, the second highest number worldwide. But when it comes to gun deaths per capita, the U.S. ranks 20th, at a rate of 10.6 per 100,000 deaths — putting it on par with the Dominican Republic. Many places with high gun death rates had fewer deaths than the U.S. because of smaller populations. For instance, El Salvador produced the highest combined gun death rate of 39.2 per 100,000 deaths, but recorded 2,500 deaths overall. When it comes to gun-related suicides, Greenland has a higher rate than the U.S. — 22 per 100,000 deaths — but 11 deaths overall.[contextly_sidebar id=\"pS1JGptwnHklq6Q8wfMEcuPaC8OU1zOO\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1990, the number of gun deaths has declined, the report said. But nearly every year since then, firearm deaths outside conflict zones outnumbered deaths that occurred as a result of war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We spend a lot of time thinking about conflict, and probably, we should be spending as much or more time thinking about how to reduce firearm-related homicide and suicide,” Murray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These latest numbers “provide the best data” on global gun deaths, said David Hemenway, who developed and directs the National Violent Death Reporting System at Harvard University. Overall, the report underscores that guns “are a major public health problem, not just in the U.S. but throughout the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without good data, you just don’t have the knowledge you need to make wise decisions,” said Hemenway, who was not involved in the study. More good data like this is crucial if policymakers want to bring death numbers down, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-444189\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"481\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024.png 849w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024-160x193.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024-800x965.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024-768x926.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024-240x289.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024-375x452.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024-520x627.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996, Congress passed the\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/what-we-dont-know-about-gun-violence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Dickey Amendment\u003c/a>, which had a chilling effect on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-led research into gun violence. Soon, the CDC withdrew questions from federal surveys about household gun ownership. Hemenway said losing these questions robbed two decades worth of researchers of the ability to gauge how easily Americans could access guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Congress approved funding to allow the CDC to collect data on violent deaths from all 50 states, a huge improvement over the fraction of states that had previously made data available, Hemenway said. This would give researchers and policymakers a clearer picture about how many Americans die nationwide as a result of guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legally procured guns play a role in most deaths by suicide in the U.S., Murray said, which means this kind of information will be even more critical as \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/suicide-rate-rising-fastest-among-women-cdc-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nation’s suicide rate\u003c/a> continues to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you are having thoughts of suicide, go to SpeakingOfSuicide.com/resources or call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 (TALK).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Country to country, looking at the ways people die due to gunfire produces a deeply varied picture, say researchers. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1535736024,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":896},"headData":{"title":"New Gun Ranking Shows the Impact of Gun Deaths Worldwide | KQED","description":"Country to country, looking at the ways people die due to gunfire produces a deeply varied picture, say researchers. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"New Gun Ranking Shows the Impact of Gun Deaths Worldwide","datePublished":"2018-08-31T17:20:24.000Z","dateModified":"2018-08-31T17:20:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444190 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444190","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/08/31/new-gun-ranking-shows-the-impact-of-gun-deaths-worldwide/","disqusTitle":"New Gun Ranking Shows the Impact of Gun Deaths Worldwide","nprByline":"Laura Santhanam\u003cbr />PBS NewsHour","path":"/futureofyou/444190/new-gun-ranking-shows-the-impact-of-gun-deaths-worldwide","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2016, more than 250,000 people worldwide died as a result of firearms, and half of all of those deaths came from six nations, including the U.S.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new numbers, from the University of Washington’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s latest study of Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors, offer several new ways to measure the impact of gun deaths worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of all gun-related deaths in 2016 occurred in six nations — Brazil, the United States, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia and Guatemala. Together, the study published in the journal JAMA noted, these countries hold less than 10 percent of the world’s population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-444187\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/gundeaths2016IHME.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"656\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/gundeaths2016IHME.png 656w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/gundeaths2016IHME-160x90.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/gundeaths2016IHME-240x135.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/gundeaths2016IHME-375x211.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/gundeaths2016IHME-520x293.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 656px) 100vw, 656px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, 64 percent of deaths were determined to be homicides, while an additional 27 percent were suicides and 9 percent were accidental shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But country to country, looking at the ways people die due to gunfire produces a deeply varied picture, said Christopher Murray, the institute’s director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the number of gun-related homicides, the U.S. ranks 30th worldwide. But suicides linked to guns occurred in the U.S. at a rate of 6.4 per 100,000 deaths — a total of 23,800 people — the second highest rate worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These numbers come days after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/police-said-jacksonville-shooter-clearly-targeted-other-gamers-heres-what-we-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gunman in Jacksonville, Florida,\u003c/a> fatally shot two people and injured 11 more before he killed himself Sunday during a video game tournament in a shopping mall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While mass shootings like these capture the most media attention, they are responsible for a small sliver of overall gun deaths in the United States, gun violence experts Frederick P. Rivara, David M. Studdert and Garen J. Wintemute wrote in an editorial published in JAMA alongside the new report.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the United States and elsewhere, acts of terrorism committed with firearms and other lethal means have changed the way people live, work, travel, and play,” they wrote. “In the United States, armed guards patrol some schools, and some politicians have advocated allowing teachers to carry guns. Although mass shootings and terrorist attacks are the most visible form of gun violence, they account for only a small fraction of the public health burden of firearm-related morbidity and mortality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-444188\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"849\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024.png 849w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024-160x193.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024-800x965.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024-768x926.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024-240x289.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024-375x452.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-death-rate-revised-849x1024-520x627.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 849px) 100vw, 849px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this latest report, researchers pulled data about 195 nations and territories, using nearly 2,900 different sources — a median of nine different datasets per nation. The study looks at data from 1990 to 2016, and was largely based on death certificate reports, Murray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the United States, 37,200 people died as a result of overall gun use in 2016, the second highest number worldwide. But when it comes to gun deaths per capita, the U.S. ranks 20th, at a rate of 10.6 per 100,000 deaths — putting it on par with the Dominican Republic. Many places with high gun death rates had fewer deaths than the U.S. because of smaller populations. For instance, El Salvador produced the highest combined gun death rate of 39.2 per 100,000 deaths, but recorded 2,500 deaths overall. When it comes to gun-related suicides, Greenland has a higher rate than the U.S. — 22 per 100,000 deaths — but 11 deaths overall.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1990, the number of gun deaths has declined, the report said. But nearly every year since then, firearm deaths outside conflict zones outnumbered deaths that occurred as a result of war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We spend a lot of time thinking about conflict, and probably, we should be spending as much or more time thinking about how to reduce firearm-related homicide and suicide,” Murray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These latest numbers “provide the best data” on global gun deaths, said David Hemenway, who developed and directs the National Violent Death Reporting System at Harvard University. Overall, the report underscores that guns “are a major public health problem, not just in the U.S. but throughout the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without good data, you just don’t have the knowledge you need to make wise decisions,” said Hemenway, who was not involved in the study. More good data like this is crucial if policymakers want to bring death numbers down, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-444189\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"481\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024.png 849w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024-160x193.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024-800x965.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024-768x926.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024-240x289.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024-375x452.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/top-20-total-deaths-revised-849x1024-520x627.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996, Congress passed the\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/what-we-dont-know-about-gun-violence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Dickey Amendment\u003c/a>, which had a chilling effect on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-led research into gun violence. Soon, the CDC withdrew questions from federal surveys about household gun ownership. Hemenway said losing these questions robbed two decades worth of researchers of the ability to gauge how easily Americans could access guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Congress approved funding to allow the CDC to collect data on violent deaths from all 50 states, a huge improvement over the fraction of states that had previously made data available, Hemenway said. This would give researchers and policymakers a clearer picture about how many Americans die nationwide as a result of guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legally procured guns play a role in most deaths by suicide in the U.S., Murray said, which means this kind of information will be even more critical as \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/suicide-rate-rising-fastest-among-women-cdc-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nation’s suicide rate\u003c/a> continues to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you are having thoughts of suicide, go to SpeakingOfSuicide.com/resources or call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 (TALK).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444190/new-gun-ranking-shows-the-impact-of-gun-deaths-worldwide","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444190"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1576","futureofyou_1610","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_204","futureofyou_1571"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444193","label":"futureofyou_1093"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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