IVF And Infertility Tech May Lead To Health Risks For The Baby
Investors Sense Big Money in Getting Young Women to Worry About Future Fertility
After IVF, Some Struggle With What To Do With Leftover Embryos
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Baby","publishDate":1537457413,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>When patients come to Dr. Molly Quinn for infertility treatments, they usually aren't too interested in hearing about the possible downsides, she says. They just want to get pregnant.[contextly_sidebar id=\"ey0hWotixUsdyo0wQnYUMCoyOptxLTRK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she always discusses the risks. For example, there's an increased likelihood of twins or triplets — which increases the chances of \u003ca href=\"https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=85&ContentID=P08021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical complications\u003c/a> for both moms and babies. And stimulating the ovaries to ripen extra eggs can, in a small number of cases, cause the ovaries to rupture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/molly-quinn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quinn\u003c/a>, an infertility specialist and assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of California, Los Angeles, now has a new hazard to consider. According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109718354809?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> published this month in the \u003cem>Journal of the American College of Cardiology\u003c/em>, children conceived through certain infertility treatments may be at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents shouldn't panic, the study's authors say: The findings are preliminary, and the study cohort was fairly small. Still, they say, it means that families who used infertility treatments should be particularly vigilant about screening for high blood pressure in their children and help them avoid other cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fertility clinics should really ... counsel about potential risks for their kids,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.dbmr.unibe.ch/research/research_groups/personenpool/cardiology/prof_dr_med_scherrer_urs/index_eng.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Urs Scherrer\u003c/a>, a visiting professor at the University of Bern in Switzerland and a senior author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scherrer and his colleagues followed the health of children conceived through assisted reproductive technology for more than a decade. \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ART\u003c/a> is an umbrella term that covers a number of different types of procedures, including in vitro fertilization, in which sperm and eggs are mixed in a lab dish, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, in which sperm are inserted directly into eggs. Today, roughly 2 percent of all births in the U.S are conceived via ART.[contextly_sidebar id=\"QmmfxSiEfwbF2B1GB9guL21XilL52eqX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the same team of scientists published a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22434595\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major paper\u003c/a> showing that 65 healthy kids born with the help of ART were more likely than their peers to have early signs of problematic blood vessels. The current study, comparing 54 of those original children with 43 age- and sex-matched peers, shows those early irregularities — signs of \"premature vascular aging\", the scientists say — persist into adolescence and young adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids in the study who were conceived via ART are now 16 years old, on average, but have blood vessels resembling those of middle-aged adults, the scientists found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those differences seemed to be enough to boost the teens' blood pressure. Everyone in the study underwent round-the-clock blood pressure monitoring for 24 hours, and the differences between a group conceived by ART and teens in the control group were significant. The ART group had markedly higher blood pressure; about 15 percent met the criteria for hypertension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study adds to a small but \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24270419\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">growing\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27420642\">body\u003c/a> of research suggesting that children conceived this way may have an elevated risk of hypertension and its health complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say they don't yet know why that would be true, but they hypothesize that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1392256/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">epigenetics\u003c/a> — the interplay of environment and genes — plays a role. Something about the manipulation of the eggs and sperm in the lab might affect which genes are turned on or off as embryos develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical specialists who study high blood pressure in kids called the research striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these kids already have abnormal vasculature is quite concerning,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-staff/joseph-t-flynn/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Joseph Flynn\u003c/a>, a pediatrician who helped write the American Academy of Pediatrics' guidelines about blood pressure management. \"I think the fact that they saw these changes at an early age and that they're still persisting into adolescence is worrisome for these kids.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"85O7WjzrUHwoOFYBW2OgPx9FMGcZx2CI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he says, it's unclear what the long-term effects on their cardiovascular health will be. Conception through ART, Flynn says, may confer the same amount of risk as, say, teenage smoking or alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quinn says she would like to see more longitudinal research that tracks long-term consequences of infertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to connect these kinds of studies,\" she says. Such research can be more difficult to do in the United States, she notes, because there is no unified medical record, so it's hard to track the babies who are conceived through ART.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she says, it's important for all doctors working in the infertility field to acknowledge that the techniques they use are still evolving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We appreciate that there is quite a bit unknown about we do on a day-to-day basis,\" says Quinn. \"We have to be humble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2017/08/21/peds.2017-1904\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends\u003c/a> that every child over the age of 3 get a yearly blood pressure test at the doctor's office — whether or not their parents underwent infertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mara Gordon is a family physician in Washington, D.C., and a health and media fellow at NPR and Georgetown University School of Medicine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Do+IVF+And+Other+Infertility+Tech+Lead+To+Health+Risks+For+The+Baby%3F+Maybe&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A small study of teens who were conceived via assisted reproductive technology finds a significant number already have hypertension and premature \"age-related changes\" in their blood vessels.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1537434891,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":842},"headData":{"title":"IVF And Infertility Tech May Lead To Health Risks For The Baby | KQED","description":"A small study of teens who were conceived via assisted reproductive technology finds a significant number already have hypertension and premature "age-related changes" in their blood vessels.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"IVF And Infertility Tech May Lead To Health Risks For The Baby","datePublished":"2018-09-20T15:30:13.000Z","dateModified":"2018-09-20T09:14:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444536 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444536","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/09/20/ivf-and-infertility-tech-may-lead-to-health-risks-for-the-baby/","disqusTitle":"IVF And Infertility Tech May Lead To Health Risks For The Baby","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Mara Gordon, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Steve Debenport/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"648923906","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=648923906&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/09/19/648923906/do-ivf-and-other-infertility-tech-lead-to-health-risks-for-the-baby-maybe?ft=nprml&f=648923906","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 19 Sep 2018 17:02:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 19 Sep 2018 12:25:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 19 Sep 2018 17:02:26 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/444536/ivf-and-infertility-tech-may-lead-to-health-risks-for-the-baby","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When patients come to Dr. Molly Quinn for infertility treatments, they usually aren't too interested in hearing about the possible downsides, she says. They just want to get pregnant.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she always discusses the risks. For example, there's an increased likelihood of twins or triplets — which increases the chances of \u003ca href=\"https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=85&ContentID=P08021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical complications\u003c/a> for both moms and babies. And stimulating the ovaries to ripen extra eggs can, in a small number of cases, cause the ovaries to rupture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/molly-quinn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quinn\u003c/a>, an infertility specialist and assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of California, Los Angeles, now has a new hazard to consider. According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109718354809?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> published this month in the \u003cem>Journal of the American College of Cardiology\u003c/em>, children conceived through certain infertility treatments may be at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents shouldn't panic, the study's authors say: The findings are preliminary, and the study cohort was fairly small. Still, they say, it means that families who used infertility treatments should be particularly vigilant about screening for high blood pressure in their children and help them avoid other cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fertility clinics should really ... counsel about potential risks for their kids,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.dbmr.unibe.ch/research/research_groups/personenpool/cardiology/prof_dr_med_scherrer_urs/index_eng.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Urs Scherrer\u003c/a>, a visiting professor at the University of Bern in Switzerland and a senior author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scherrer and his colleagues followed the health of children conceived through assisted reproductive technology for more than a decade. \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ART\u003c/a> is an umbrella term that covers a number of different types of procedures, including in vitro fertilization, in which sperm and eggs are mixed in a lab dish, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, in which sperm are inserted directly into eggs. Today, roughly 2 percent of all births in the U.S are conceived via ART.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the same team of scientists published a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22434595\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major paper\u003c/a> showing that 65 healthy kids born with the help of ART were more likely than their peers to have early signs of problematic blood vessels. The current study, comparing 54 of those original children with 43 age- and sex-matched peers, shows those early irregularities — signs of \"premature vascular aging\", the scientists say — persist into adolescence and young adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids in the study who were conceived via ART are now 16 years old, on average, but have blood vessels resembling those of middle-aged adults, the scientists found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those differences seemed to be enough to boost the teens' blood pressure. Everyone in the study underwent round-the-clock blood pressure monitoring for 24 hours, and the differences between a group conceived by ART and teens in the control group were significant. The ART group had markedly higher blood pressure; about 15 percent met the criteria for hypertension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study adds to a small but \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24270419\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">growing\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27420642\">body\u003c/a> of research suggesting that children conceived this way may have an elevated risk of hypertension and its health complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say they don't yet know why that would be true, but they hypothesize that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1392256/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">epigenetics\u003c/a> — the interplay of environment and genes — plays a role. Something about the manipulation of the eggs and sperm in the lab might affect which genes are turned on or off as embryos develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical specialists who study high blood pressure in kids called the research striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these kids already have abnormal vasculature is quite concerning,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-staff/joseph-t-flynn/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Joseph Flynn\u003c/a>, a pediatrician who helped write the American Academy of Pediatrics' guidelines about blood pressure management. \"I think the fact that they saw these changes at an early age and that they're still persisting into adolescence is worrisome for these kids.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he says, it's unclear what the long-term effects on their cardiovascular health will be. Conception through ART, Flynn says, may confer the same amount of risk as, say, teenage smoking or alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quinn says she would like to see more longitudinal research that tracks long-term consequences of infertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to connect these kinds of studies,\" she says. Such research can be more difficult to do in the United States, she notes, because there is no unified medical record, so it's hard to track the babies who are conceived through ART.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she says, it's important for all doctors working in the infertility field to acknowledge that the techniques they use are still evolving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We appreciate that there is quite a bit unknown about we do on a day-to-day basis,\" says Quinn. \"We have to be humble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2017/08/21/peds.2017-1904\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends\u003c/a> that every child over the age of 3 get a yearly blood pressure test at the doctor's office — whether or not their parents underwent infertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mara Gordon is a family physician in Washington, D.C., and a health and media fellow at NPR and Georgetown University School of Medicine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Do+IVF+And+Other+Infertility+Tech+Lead+To+Health+Risks+For+The+Baby%3F+Maybe&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444536/ivf-and-infertility-tech-may-lead-to-health-risks-for-the-baby","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444536"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_221","futureofyou_1021","futureofyou_287","futureofyou_215"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093","futureofyou_1097"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444537","label":"source_futureofyou_444536"},"futureofyou_437427":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_437427","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"437427","score":null,"sort":[1512460885000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"investors-see-big-money-in-infertility-and-theyre-transforming-the-industry","title":"Investors Sense Big Money in Getting Young Women to Worry About Future Fertility","publishDate":1512460885,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Investors searching for a new way to make big money in medicine have hit upon an age-old problem: infertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money isn’t just in treating older women who have spent years trying to conceive. It’s in persuading younger women, still in their 20s, to start worrying about their future fertility now — and to pay for pricey tests and services, such as egg freezing, as a hedge against problems down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Some doctors worry that the new ethos of treating fertility medicine as a cash cow may lead to clinics pushing patients toward unnecessary tests and services.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sensing a lucrative market, private equity firms are pouring money into building national chains of fertility clinics. Some are spending on splashy advertising and a deliberate strategy of reaching out to young women who are not yet trying to conceive. Venture capitalists are getting into the business, too; this year alone, PitchBook has tallied more than $178 million flowing into startups developing fertility products, such as a test that promises a credit-score-style rating of a woman’s fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new investors say they leave decisions about clinical practice to physicians. But they’re nonetheless transforming an industry that has long been \u003ca href=\"http://www.capstonellc.com/sites/default/files/Capstone%20Fertility%20Clinics%20Report%20Q1%202017.pdf#page=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dominated\u003c/a> by standalone clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Sr5RzB3poUkuwtUVBjpNDN1jeSfdjBKn\"]Fertility experts see real benefits for patients: Clinics united into national chains have been sharing best practices, introducing newer technologies, and offering more flexible payment plans for customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some doctors see potential drawbacks, too. They worry that the new ethos of treating fertility medicine as a cash cow may lead to clinics pushing patients toward unnecessary tests and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some are concerned about the ethics of aggressively promoting fertility care such as egg freezing — which can cost \u003ca href=\"https://www.fertilityiq.com/egg-freezing/the-costs-of-egg-freezing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">between $14,000 and $18,000\u003c/a> per cycle in some cities — to healthy young women who may never need it. The procedure carries some risks to the woman and is no guarantee of a future pregnancy; IVF using frozen eggs has just a middling success rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a fine line that must be walked to steer clear of “preying on someone’s emotions,” said Dr. Ravi Gada, who co-owns Dallas Fort Worth Fertility Associates, which has turned away multiple overtures from private equity firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has nearly 500 fertility clinics. Among the recent shifts in ownership and approach:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Lee Equity Partners, a New York private equity firm, last year \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lee-equity-partners-martin-varsavsky-reproductive-biology-associates-and-my-egg-bank-north-america-launch-prelude-to-revolutionize-the-way-people-start-a-family-300345476.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought into\u003c/a> a large Atlanta fertility clinic and a frozen egg bank to launch a \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/miguelhelft/2016/10/17/prelude-fertility-200-million-startup-stop-biological-clock/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$200 million network\u003c/a> called Prelude Fertility. This fall, Prelude bought a majority share of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/prelude-fertility-expands-network-with-pacific-fertility-center-in-san-francisco-300524534.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">large San Francisco clinic\u003c/a> and then went even bigger by \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/prelude-fertility-partners-with-houston-fertility-institute-expanding-the-prelude-network-through-acquisition-of-vivere-health-300545071.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acquiring 22 new locations\u003c/a> stretching from Connecticut to Texas to Las Vegas. Prelude promotes itself both to patients “ready to build a family now” and those who “want to keep [their] options open for the future.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>TA Associates, a private equity firm with five offices around the globe, in 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ta.com/about/news/ta-associates-announces-investment-in-ccrm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought into\u003c/a> the Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, which had already begun to expand around the U.S. The investment has allowed to CCRM to “grow a bit faster,” by speeding hiring and infrastructure investments, according to Jon Pardew, CCRM’s CEO. New CCRM clinics opened in \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ccrm-network-to-open-innovative-fertility-treatment-center-in-boston-300462844.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boston\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ccrm-to-open-state-of-the-art-fertility-clinic-in-san-francisco-bay-area-300480200.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco\u003c/a> in June, with another new U.S. location under construction.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>MTS Health Investors, a New York private equity firm, in 2015 created the Ovation Fertility chain by \u003ca href=\"http://www.ovationfertility.com/pressreleases/fertility-center-las-vegas-unites-leading-ivf-labs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scooping up four clinics\u003c/a> spanning the Sun Belt from Southern California to Nashville. This fall, Ovation \u003ca href=\"http://www.prweb.com/releases/2017/10/prweb14848816.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought two more clinics\u003c/a> in Louisiana. The chain touts its scale as an advantage for patients seeking help, saying on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.ovationfertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a> that “many heads are better than one.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>New services crop up to monitor fertility\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, entrepreneurs are promoting an array of new products aimed at assessing fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A $950 genetic test launched this year, called Fertilome, \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/08/02/infertility-genetic-test-fertilome/\" rel=\"noopener\">reports on the likelihood\u003c/a>that women have certain conditions linked to fertility problems, in an effort to help guide their next steps. The company behind it has marketed it with evening seminars aimed at working women, promising to outline “proactive steps you can take today to reach your future family building goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another startup called Modern Fertility has begun \u003ca href=\"https://modernfertility.com/product/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rolling out its test\u003c/a>, which measures various hormone levels including several correlated with how many eggs a women has in her ovaries. (Such “ovarian reserve” testing is an increasingly popular metric, though it has \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/10/10/ovarian-reserve-tests-fertility/\" rel=\"noopener\">some limitations\u003c/a>.) The Modern Fertility test, which reports a number akin to a credit score meant to be monitored over time, is now available for $149 at Quest Diagnostics laboratories and will soon be available for use at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"neAHvJ8RwQvOLndVFzPCL5SWB5qFRvx7\"]Then there’s egg freezing, a procedure pioneered for women trying to preserve their fertility before undergoing cancer treatments. In the last few years, it’s been rebranded as option for women who intend to put off pregnancy, perhaps because they want to pursue their careers or haven’t yet found a partner during their prime reproductive years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top Silicon Valley companies like Google, Apple, and Facebook now \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/egg-freezing-at-facebook-apple-google-hot-new-perk-2017-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">offer egg freezing as a benefit\u003c/a> to employees, while some clinics are hosting “\u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/sip-wine-and-chat-about-postponing-motherhood-at-an-egg-social/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">egg socials\u003c/a>” with wine and hors d’oeuvres to pitch women on its benefits. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/09/200-million-start-up-prelude-wants-to-stop-your-biological-clock.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More than 6,200\u003c/a> women froze their eggs at fertility clinics in the U.S. in 2015, up from 475 in 2009, according to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investors clearly see the opportunity: Extend Fertility, which says it’s \u003ca href=\"https://extendfertility.com/blog/extend-fertility-first-egg-freezing-practice-nyc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the first practice\u003c/a> in the U.S. dedicated solely to freezing eggs, opened in Manhattan a year and a half ago. It’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.northpeakcapital.com/private-equity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">backed by\u003c/a> the New York private equity firm North Peak Capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Sensing a market ready to take off\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The business minds at Lee Equity were first drawn to the fertility field by data showing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/01/14/moms-still-getting-older/\" rel=\"noopener\">climbing age of first-time mothers\u003c/a> in the U.S. They were intrigued, too, by the legalization of same-sex marriage, which could expand the pool of couples eager to seek out services such as in vitro fertilization, which costs an \u003ca href=\"https://www.fertilityiq.com/ivf/the-cost-of-ivf-by-city\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">average of $12,000\u003c/a> for a cycle but can double in price with extra services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as they began investigating the field, they found the potential market was greater still.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Probably the biggest surprise to us as we started to work on our investment thesis in this industry was just how low awareness is of fertility services — not only IVF, but also egg freezing, as well as donor eggs,” said Collins Ward, a partner at Lee Equity who’s leading the investment in Prelude, the chain of fertility clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cform id=\"mc4wp-form-1\" method=\"post\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/form>\n\u003cp>So Ward and his team built Prelude in part to help its newly acquired clinics revamp their marketing strategy. (Dr. Mehmet Oz, who’s perhaps medicine’s most influential marketer as host of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/03/dr-oz-show-faith-healing/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Dr. Oz Show\u003c/a>,” sits on Prelude’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.preludefertility.com/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">board of directors\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the clinics joining the Prelude network, that’s meant ad campaigns at the local level, both on social media and online as well on traditional channels like radio and print. Prelude is also pushing a national ad campaign on social media and digital channels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prelude’s goal: to pitch the chain as an one-stop-shop for fertility care, starting long before a woman is ready to conceive. We’re “making [the ads] more modern and speak to younger patients and younger Americans who live in social and digital media,” Ward said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that marketing, plus the aggressive expansion push, has “added significant costs,” Ward said — and the firm has been willing to invest in them, because of the promise of a sizable upside in years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You hear about private equity coming in, firing people, slashing jobs, cutting things down to the bone, and then trying to find an exit. That really hasn’t been the case in the IVF industry. The quality of care has remained very high … or gone up,” said Dr. David Sable, who previously spent years as an IVF doctor and now invests in biotech for a fund on Wall Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>When investors come calling, some doctors resist\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Fertility clinics are just the latest in a long list of medical practices that have caught the eye of private equity firms. They’ve already been buying up \u003ca href=\"http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20150418/MAGAZINE/304189980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">primary care practices\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.healio.com/ophthalmology/practice-management/news/print/ocular-surgery-news/%7B8d1790ce-902b-4d3f-8678-4d281bd366eb%7D/private-equity-offers-new-option-for-ophthalmology-practice-consolidation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ophthalmology practices\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/health/dermatology-skin-cancer.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dermatology clinics\u003c/a>. In some cases, doctors nearing retirement jump at the chance to sell stakes in their clinics, with an eye toward bolstering their own financial security and tapping into the business expertise of the new investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other doctors have resisted the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shady Grove Fertility, a fast-growing network of clinics in the mid-Atlantic region, has considered private equity investment “from time to time,” but hasn’t bitten yet, said CEO Mark Segal. Instead, it remains co-owned by 28 of its physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason: concern that outside investors could push the clinic toward “more of a focus on just continuing to add more patients,” Segal said, “without necessarily focusing on how that would impact patient care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being able to maintain that control of operations and decisions is important to us,” said Gada, one of the four doctors who co-owns Dallas Fort Worth Fertility Associates and has brushed off interest from private equity firms. He worries that the impromptu flexibility possible in a clinic like his — such as offering a discount to a woman coming back for a second or third IVF cycle — wouldn’t be possible in a chain backed by private equity money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no evidence so far that the consolidation of clinics is driving up costs for fertility treatment. But there’s no evidence it’s driving them down, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sable said despite their benefits, the growing chains aren’t providing what the industry truly needs: more affordable options that would open up fertility treatments to less wealthy Americans. As he put it: “We need the IVF version of the Holiday Inn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/04/infertility-industry-investment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The new push is to get young women to pay for pricey tests and services like freezing their eggs.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1512755311,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1802},"headData":{"title":"Investors Sense Big Money in Getting Young Women to Worry About Future Fertility | KQED","description":"The new push is to get young women to pay for pricey tests and services like freezing their eggs.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Investors Sense Big Money in Getting Young Women to Worry About Future Fertility","datePublished":"2017-12-05T08:01:25.000Z","dateModified":"2017-12-08T17:48:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"437427 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=437427","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/12/05/investors-see-big-money-in-infertility-and-theyre-transforming-the-industry/","disqusTitle":"Investors Sense Big Money in Getting Young Women to Worry About Future Fertility","nprByline":"Rebecca Robbins\u003c/br>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com\">STAT\u003c/a>","path":"/futureofyou/437427/investors-see-big-money-in-infertility-and-theyre-transforming-the-industry","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Investors searching for a new way to make big money in medicine have hit upon an age-old problem: infertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money isn’t just in treating older women who have spent years trying to conceive. It’s in persuading younger women, still in their 20s, to start worrying about their future fertility now — and to pay for pricey tests and services, such as egg freezing, as a hedge against problems down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Some doctors worry that the new ethos of treating fertility medicine as a cash cow may lead to clinics pushing patients toward unnecessary tests and services.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sensing a lucrative market, private equity firms are pouring money into building national chains of fertility clinics. Some are spending on splashy advertising and a deliberate strategy of reaching out to young women who are not yet trying to conceive. Venture capitalists are getting into the business, too; this year alone, PitchBook has tallied more than $178 million flowing into startups developing fertility products, such as a test that promises a credit-score-style rating of a woman’s fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new investors say they leave decisions about clinical practice to physicians. But they’re nonetheless transforming an industry that has long been \u003ca href=\"http://www.capstonellc.com/sites/default/files/Capstone%20Fertility%20Clinics%20Report%20Q1%202017.pdf#page=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dominated\u003c/a> by standalone clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Fertility experts see real benefits for patients: Clinics united into national chains have been sharing best practices, introducing newer technologies, and offering more flexible payment plans for customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some doctors see potential drawbacks, too. They worry that the new ethos of treating fertility medicine as a cash cow may lead to clinics pushing patients toward unnecessary tests and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some are concerned about the ethics of aggressively promoting fertility care such as egg freezing — which can cost \u003ca href=\"https://www.fertilityiq.com/egg-freezing/the-costs-of-egg-freezing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">between $14,000 and $18,000\u003c/a> per cycle in some cities — to healthy young women who may never need it. The procedure carries some risks to the woman and is no guarantee of a future pregnancy; IVF using frozen eggs has just a middling success rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a fine line that must be walked to steer clear of “preying on someone’s emotions,” said Dr. Ravi Gada, who co-owns Dallas Fort Worth Fertility Associates, which has turned away multiple overtures from private equity firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has nearly 500 fertility clinics. Among the recent shifts in ownership and approach:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Lee Equity Partners, a New York private equity firm, last year \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lee-equity-partners-martin-varsavsky-reproductive-biology-associates-and-my-egg-bank-north-america-launch-prelude-to-revolutionize-the-way-people-start-a-family-300345476.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought into\u003c/a> a large Atlanta fertility clinic and a frozen egg bank to launch a \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/miguelhelft/2016/10/17/prelude-fertility-200-million-startup-stop-biological-clock/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$200 million network\u003c/a> called Prelude Fertility. This fall, Prelude bought a majority share of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/prelude-fertility-expands-network-with-pacific-fertility-center-in-san-francisco-300524534.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">large San Francisco clinic\u003c/a> and then went even bigger by \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/prelude-fertility-partners-with-houston-fertility-institute-expanding-the-prelude-network-through-acquisition-of-vivere-health-300545071.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acquiring 22 new locations\u003c/a> stretching from Connecticut to Texas to Las Vegas. Prelude promotes itself both to patients “ready to build a family now” and those who “want to keep [their] options open for the future.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>TA Associates, a private equity firm with five offices around the globe, in 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ta.com/about/news/ta-associates-announces-investment-in-ccrm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought into\u003c/a> the Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, which had already begun to expand around the U.S. The investment has allowed to CCRM to “grow a bit faster,” by speeding hiring and infrastructure investments, according to Jon Pardew, CCRM’s CEO. New CCRM clinics opened in \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ccrm-network-to-open-innovative-fertility-treatment-center-in-boston-300462844.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boston\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ccrm-to-open-state-of-the-art-fertility-clinic-in-san-francisco-bay-area-300480200.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco\u003c/a> in June, with another new U.S. location under construction.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>MTS Health Investors, a New York private equity firm, in 2015 created the Ovation Fertility chain by \u003ca href=\"http://www.ovationfertility.com/pressreleases/fertility-center-las-vegas-unites-leading-ivf-labs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scooping up four clinics\u003c/a> spanning the Sun Belt from Southern California to Nashville. This fall, Ovation \u003ca href=\"http://www.prweb.com/releases/2017/10/prweb14848816.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought two more clinics\u003c/a> in Louisiana. The chain touts its scale as an advantage for patients seeking help, saying on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.ovationfertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a> that “many heads are better than one.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>New services crop up to monitor fertility\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, entrepreneurs are promoting an array of new products aimed at assessing fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A $950 genetic test launched this year, called Fertilome, \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/08/02/infertility-genetic-test-fertilome/\" rel=\"noopener\">reports on the likelihood\u003c/a>that women have certain conditions linked to fertility problems, in an effort to help guide their next steps. The company behind it has marketed it with evening seminars aimed at working women, promising to outline “proactive steps you can take today to reach your future family building goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another startup called Modern Fertility has begun \u003ca href=\"https://modernfertility.com/product/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rolling out its test\u003c/a>, which measures various hormone levels including several correlated with how many eggs a women has in her ovaries. (Such “ovarian reserve” testing is an increasingly popular metric, though it has \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/10/10/ovarian-reserve-tests-fertility/\" rel=\"noopener\">some limitations\u003c/a>.) The Modern Fertility test, which reports a number akin to a credit score meant to be monitored over time, is now available for $149 at Quest Diagnostics laboratories and will soon be available for use at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Then there’s egg freezing, a procedure pioneered for women trying to preserve their fertility before undergoing cancer treatments. In the last few years, it’s been rebranded as option for women who intend to put off pregnancy, perhaps because they want to pursue their careers or haven’t yet found a partner during their prime reproductive years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top Silicon Valley companies like Google, Apple, and Facebook now \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/egg-freezing-at-facebook-apple-google-hot-new-perk-2017-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">offer egg freezing as a benefit\u003c/a> to employees, while some clinics are hosting “\u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/sip-wine-and-chat-about-postponing-motherhood-at-an-egg-social/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">egg socials\u003c/a>” with wine and hors d’oeuvres to pitch women on its benefits. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/09/200-million-start-up-prelude-wants-to-stop-your-biological-clock.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More than 6,200\u003c/a> women froze their eggs at fertility clinics in the U.S. in 2015, up from 475 in 2009, according to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investors clearly see the opportunity: Extend Fertility, which says it’s \u003ca href=\"https://extendfertility.com/blog/extend-fertility-first-egg-freezing-practice-nyc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the first practice\u003c/a> in the U.S. dedicated solely to freezing eggs, opened in Manhattan a year and a half ago. It’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.northpeakcapital.com/private-equity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">backed by\u003c/a> the New York private equity firm North Peak Capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Sensing a market ready to take off\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The business minds at Lee Equity were first drawn to the fertility field by data showing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/01/14/moms-still-getting-older/\" rel=\"noopener\">climbing age of first-time mothers\u003c/a> in the U.S. They were intrigued, too, by the legalization of same-sex marriage, which could expand the pool of couples eager to seek out services such as in vitro fertilization, which costs an \u003ca href=\"https://www.fertilityiq.com/ivf/the-cost-of-ivf-by-city\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">average of $12,000\u003c/a> for a cycle but can double in price with extra services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as they began investigating the field, they found the potential market was greater still.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Probably the biggest surprise to us as we started to work on our investment thesis in this industry was just how low awareness is of fertility services — not only IVF, but also egg freezing, as well as donor eggs,” said Collins Ward, a partner at Lee Equity who’s leading the investment in Prelude, the chain of fertility clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cform id=\"mc4wp-form-1\" method=\"post\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/form>\n\u003cp>So Ward and his team built Prelude in part to help its newly acquired clinics revamp their marketing strategy. (Dr. Mehmet Oz, who’s perhaps medicine’s most influential marketer as host of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/03/dr-oz-show-faith-healing/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Dr. Oz Show\u003c/a>,” sits on Prelude’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.preludefertility.com/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">board of directors\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the clinics joining the Prelude network, that’s meant ad campaigns at the local level, both on social media and online as well on traditional channels like radio and print. Prelude is also pushing a national ad campaign on social media and digital channels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prelude’s goal: to pitch the chain as an one-stop-shop for fertility care, starting long before a woman is ready to conceive. We’re “making [the ads] more modern and speak to younger patients and younger Americans who live in social and digital media,” Ward said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that marketing, plus the aggressive expansion push, has “added significant costs,” Ward said — and the firm has been willing to invest in them, because of the promise of a sizable upside in years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You hear about private equity coming in, firing people, slashing jobs, cutting things down to the bone, and then trying to find an exit. That really hasn’t been the case in the IVF industry. The quality of care has remained very high … or gone up,” said Dr. David Sable, who previously spent years as an IVF doctor and now invests in biotech for a fund on Wall Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>When investors come calling, some doctors resist\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Fertility clinics are just the latest in a long list of medical practices that have caught the eye of private equity firms. They’ve already been buying up \u003ca href=\"http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20150418/MAGAZINE/304189980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">primary care practices\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.healio.com/ophthalmology/practice-management/news/print/ocular-surgery-news/%7B8d1790ce-902b-4d3f-8678-4d281bd366eb%7D/private-equity-offers-new-option-for-ophthalmology-practice-consolidation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ophthalmology practices\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/health/dermatology-skin-cancer.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dermatology clinics\u003c/a>. In some cases, doctors nearing retirement jump at the chance to sell stakes in their clinics, with an eye toward bolstering their own financial security and tapping into the business expertise of the new investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other doctors have resisted the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shady Grove Fertility, a fast-growing network of clinics in the mid-Atlantic region, has considered private equity investment “from time to time,” but hasn’t bitten yet, said CEO Mark Segal. Instead, it remains co-owned by 28 of its physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason: concern that outside investors could push the clinic toward “more of a focus on just continuing to add more patients,” Segal said, “without necessarily focusing on how that would impact patient care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being able to maintain that control of operations and decisions is important to us,” said Gada, one of the four doctors who co-owns Dallas Fort Worth Fertility Associates and has brushed off interest from private equity firms. He worries that the impromptu flexibility possible in a clinic like his — such as offering a discount to a woman coming back for a second or third IVF cycle — wouldn’t be possible in a chain backed by private equity money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no evidence so far that the consolidation of clinics is driving up costs for fertility treatment. But there’s no evidence it’s driving them down, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sable said despite their benefits, the growing chains aren’t providing what the industry truly needs: more affordable options that would open up fertility treatments to less wealthy Americans. As he put it: “We need the IVF version of the Holiday Inn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/04/infertility-industry-investment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/437427/investors-see-big-money-in-infertility-and-theyre-transforming-the-industry","authors":["byline_futureofyou_437427"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_283","futureofyou_1021"],"featImg":"futureofyou_437428","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_228508":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_228508","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"228508","score":null,"sort":[1471892122000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"after-ivf-some-struggle-with-what-to-do-with-leftover-embryos","title":"After IVF, Some Struggle With What To Do With Leftover Embryos","publishDate":1471892122,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>When Scott Gatz and his husband decided to become fathers several years ago, pursuing parenthood meant finding both an egg donor and a surrogate to help them conceive a baby. Their first round of in vitro fertilization produced seven healthy embryos. One of those embryos was successfully transferred to their surrogate's womb, resulting in their son Matthew, who is now 6-years-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"Every time we read the 'destroy' option on the form, my stomach does a somersault. It feels as if our future children are showing up once a year to confront us.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While the San Francisco couple feels their family is now complete, they are still in a quandary over what to do with their six remaining embryos — what they call their \"maybe babies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year they're forced to weigh their options again, Gatz tells Shots, when a letter arrives from the fertility clinic. It asks whether they want to destroy the embryos, donate them for medical research, give them to another infertile couple or continue paying $800 annually to keep the embryos frozen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every time we read the 'destroy' option on the form, my stomach does a somersault,\" Gatz says. \"It feels as if our future children are showing up once a year to confront us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men are not alone in their ambivalence. It's estimated that, in the United States, there are almost \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/opa/about-opa-and-initiatives/embryo-adoption/\">one million\u003c/a> frozen embryos now in storage, a number that includes embryos reserved for research, as well as those reserved to expand families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Indecision Reigns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2005 \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16084886\">study\u003c/a> that interviewed 58 couples who conceived through IVF and had at least one frozen embryo in storage, more than 70 percent had not yet decided — even several years after the procedure — how they would dispose of a surplus embryo. Some said they considered the embryos to be biologic tissue or a genetic or psychological \"insurance policy.\" Others told the researchers they thought of the embryos as living entities — \"virtual children\" that have interests that needed to be considered and protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With the astonishing advancements in reproductive science, IVF now produces far more embryos than it did in the past,\" says Dr. Anna Glezer, a psychiatrist at the University of California, San Francisco. The choices that abundance poses are very difficult for some couples, she says, \"which raises the need for psychological resources, such as peer support groups for these families.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After conceiving their daughter via IVF, Megan and Jay Khmelev had eight remaining embryos. For two years, says Megan, she was overcome by guilt, anxiety, and sadness as she struggled with what to do with them. At the beginning of her fertility journey, she had imagined one day donating the embryos to science or to another infertile couple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after her daughter arrived, she says, she couldn't imagine parting with the surplus embryos in this way. The Khmelevs didn't want eight more children, but discarding the embryos didn't feel like the right choice, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wish someone had told me that I'd be haunted by the grief of my infertility struggle all over again as I wrestled with my decision,\" Megan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://eggwhisperer.com/\">Dr. Aimee Eyvazzadeh\u003c/a>, a reproductive endocrinologist in the San Francisco Bay area, says many families she counsels struggle with these choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a complicated process,\" Eyvazzadeh says. \"At the beginning of IVF, patients hope for many embryos, because they long to have a baby. They don't realize how their feelings might change once their children are born.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, when fertility clinics began freezing embryos, there wasn't any available research about how patients would feel regarding their frozen embryos after they became parents. More than 30 years later, though the number of IVF babies has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/02/18/279035110/ivf-baby-boom-births-from-fertility-procedure-hit-new-high\">steadily climbed\u003c/a>, many fertility doctors are still unsure how to handle some patients' ambivalence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our clinic told us that we could freeze our embryos and explained the cost associated with yearly storage fees,\" Gatz says, \"but they didn't mention the feelings that might arise as we faced these choices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study \u003ca href=\"http://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(15)02109-3/abstract\">published\u003c/a> in the March issue of the journal \u003cem>Fertility and Sterility\u003c/em> found that that after successful IVF treatment, most of the 131 couples responding to a survey were dissatisfied with the education they obtained from their health care providers about disposal decisions. And less than 50 percent were satisfied with the emotional guidance they got.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet other research suggests that \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028215022232\">peer support\u003c/a> \u003cem>can \u003c/em>help people make these complicated choices, by giving them a place to disclose their struggles in the company of others who have been through the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://latalktherapy.com/dr-lederer/\">Francine Lederer,\u003c/a> a clinical psychologist in private practice in Los Angeles, offers a \"disposition support group,\" specifically aimed at couples and individuals who are deciding what to do with their embryos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After successful IVF treatments, many couples come to view their embryos as human life, which makes it even harder for them to find closure,\" Lederer says. Some even have funeral ceremonies for the embryos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For other couples, making these decisions ignites emotional conflict between the spouses, or even beyond — to include the extended family, Lederer finds, because religious beliefs and personal preferences play a role in how each person views the stored embryos. One couple she counseled who had decided to destroy the embryos mentioned that to their parents and discovered the in-laws were aghast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Too often, these families have never shared their stories aloud,\" says Lederer. \"Support groups can make a difference by allowing them to talk about their personal experiences with others who understand, which can help them to feel less isolated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Megan and Jay Khmelev finally decided to do additional rounds of IVF, and use the remaining embryos themselves, but none resulted in a viable pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm glad I did the transfers anyway,\" Megan says. \"It gave me and my husband closure, knowing that we had given them a chance to become life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+IVF%2C+Some+Struggle+With+What+To+Do+With+Leftover+Embryos&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Nearly a million embryos are in frozen storage in the U.S., with some couples putting off the decision of what to do with their 'maybe babies.'","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1471992769,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1002},"headData":{"title":"After IVF, Some Struggle With What To Do With Leftover Embryos | KQED","description":"Nearly a million embryos are in frozen storage in the U.S., with some couples putting off the decision of what to do with their 'maybe babies.'","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"After IVF, Some Struggle With What To Do With Leftover Embryos","datePublished":"2016-08-22T18:55:22.000Z","dateModified":"2016-08-23T22:52:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"228508 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=228508","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/22/after-ivf-some-struggle-with-what-to-do-with-leftover-embryos/","disqusTitle":"After IVF, Some Struggle With What To Do With Leftover Embryos","nprByline":"Juli Fraga\u003cbr />NPR Shots","nprImageAgency":"Michelle Kondrich for NPR","nprStoryId":"489232868","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=489232868&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/08/20/489232868/after-ivf-some-struggle-with-what-to-do-with-leftover-embryos?ft=nprml&f=489232868","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sat, 20 Aug 2016 07:00:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sat, 20 Aug 2016 07:00:17 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sat, 20 Aug 2016 07:00:17 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/228508/after-ivf-some-struggle-with-what-to-do-with-leftover-embryos","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Scott Gatz and his husband decided to become fathers several years ago, pursuing parenthood meant finding both an egg donor and a surrogate to help them conceive a baby. Their first round of in vitro fertilization produced seven healthy embryos. One of those embryos was successfully transferred to their surrogate's womb, resulting in their son Matthew, who is now 6-years-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"Every time we read the 'destroy' option on the form, my stomach does a somersault. It feels as if our future children are showing up once a year to confront us.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While the San Francisco couple feels their family is now complete, they are still in a quandary over what to do with their six remaining embryos — what they call their \"maybe babies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year they're forced to weigh their options again, Gatz tells Shots, when a letter arrives from the fertility clinic. It asks whether they want to destroy the embryos, donate them for medical research, give them to another infertile couple or continue paying $800 annually to keep the embryos frozen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every time we read the 'destroy' option on the form, my stomach does a somersault,\" Gatz says. \"It feels as if our future children are showing up once a year to confront us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men are not alone in their ambivalence. It's estimated that, in the United States, there are almost \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/opa/about-opa-and-initiatives/embryo-adoption/\">one million\u003c/a> frozen embryos now in storage, a number that includes embryos reserved for research, as well as those reserved to expand families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Indecision Reigns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2005 \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16084886\">study\u003c/a> that interviewed 58 couples who conceived through IVF and had at least one frozen embryo in storage, more than 70 percent had not yet decided — even several years after the procedure — how they would dispose of a surplus embryo. Some said they considered the embryos to be biologic tissue or a genetic or psychological \"insurance policy.\" Others told the researchers they thought of the embryos as living entities — \"virtual children\" that have interests that needed to be considered and protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With the astonishing advancements in reproductive science, IVF now produces far more embryos than it did in the past,\" says Dr. Anna Glezer, a psychiatrist at the University of California, San Francisco. The choices that abundance poses are very difficult for some couples, she says, \"which raises the need for psychological resources, such as peer support groups for these families.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After conceiving their daughter via IVF, Megan and Jay Khmelev had eight remaining embryos. For two years, says Megan, she was overcome by guilt, anxiety, and sadness as she struggled with what to do with them. At the beginning of her fertility journey, she had imagined one day donating the embryos to science or to another infertile couple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after her daughter arrived, she says, she couldn't imagine parting with the surplus embryos in this way. The Khmelevs didn't want eight more children, but discarding the embryos didn't feel like the right choice, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wish someone had told me that I'd be haunted by the grief of my infertility struggle all over again as I wrestled with my decision,\" Megan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://eggwhisperer.com/\">Dr. Aimee Eyvazzadeh\u003c/a>, a reproductive endocrinologist in the San Francisco Bay area, says many families she counsels struggle with these choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a complicated process,\" Eyvazzadeh says. \"At the beginning of IVF, patients hope for many embryos, because they long to have a baby. They don't realize how their feelings might change once their children are born.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, when fertility clinics began freezing embryos, there wasn't any available research about how patients would feel regarding their frozen embryos after they became parents. More than 30 years later, though the number of IVF babies has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/02/18/279035110/ivf-baby-boom-births-from-fertility-procedure-hit-new-high\">steadily climbed\u003c/a>, many fertility doctors are still unsure how to handle some patients' ambivalence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our clinic told us that we could freeze our embryos and explained the cost associated with yearly storage fees,\" Gatz says, \"but they didn't mention the feelings that might arise as we faced these choices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study \u003ca href=\"http://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(15)02109-3/abstract\">published\u003c/a> in the March issue of the journal \u003cem>Fertility and Sterility\u003c/em> found that that after successful IVF treatment, most of the 131 couples responding to a survey were dissatisfied with the education they obtained from their health care providers about disposal decisions. And less than 50 percent were satisfied with the emotional guidance they got.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet other research suggests that \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028215022232\">peer support\u003c/a> \u003cem>can \u003c/em>help people make these complicated choices, by giving them a place to disclose their struggles in the company of others who have been through the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://latalktherapy.com/dr-lederer/\">Francine Lederer,\u003c/a> a clinical psychologist in private practice in Los Angeles, offers a \"disposition support group,\" specifically aimed at couples and individuals who are deciding what to do with their embryos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After successful IVF treatments, many couples come to view their embryos as human life, which makes it even harder for them to find closure,\" Lederer says. Some even have funeral ceremonies for the embryos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For other couples, making these decisions ignites emotional conflict between the spouses, or even beyond — to include the extended family, Lederer finds, because religious beliefs and personal preferences play a role in how each person views the stored embryos. One couple she counseled who had decided to destroy the embryos mentioned that to their parents and discovered the in-laws were aghast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Too often, these families have never shared their stories aloud,\" says Lederer. \"Support groups can make a difference by allowing them to talk about their personal experiences with others who understand, which can help them to feel less isolated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Megan and Jay Khmelev finally decided to do additional rounds of IVF, and use the remaining embryos themselves, but none resulted in a viable pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm glad I did the transfers anyway,\" Megan says. \"It gave me and my husband closure, knowing that we had given them a chance to become life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+IVF%2C+Some+Struggle+With+What+To+Do+With+Leftover+Embryos&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/228508/after-ivf-some-struggle-with-what-to-do-with-leftover-embryos","authors":["byline_futureofyou_228508"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_927","futureofyou_1021","futureofyou_287"],"featImg":"futureofyou_228509","label":"futureofyou"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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