Government Intervenes in Heart Study Following Concerns About Underlying Research
FDA Investigating How a Potential Carcinogen Found its Way in Heart Drugs
Multi-Gene Test May Find Risk for Heart Disease and More
Women Survive Heart Attack More Often When Doctor is Female, Study Finds
Are There Risks From Secondhand Marijuana Smoke? Early Science Says Yes
Hearts Get 'Younger,' Even At Middle Age, With Exercise
New Stem Cell Technique Could Be Game Changer for Heart Disease
Bay Area Scientists Develop Mini Human Heart Chamber in a Dish
Your Heart in 3D: Surgeons Can Now Practice on a Simulation
Sponsored
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"futureofyou_445296":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_445296","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"445296","found":true},"title":"Close-up shot of microscope","publishDate":1540920293,"status":"inherit","parent":445294,"modified":1540920402,"caption":"A trial testing experimental stem cell therapy in heart failure patients has been stalled by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute following recommendations to retract 31 journal articles from the lab of a controversial researcher.","credit":"iStock","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-160x90.jpg","width":160,"height":90,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-800x448.jpg","width":800,"height":448,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-768x430.jpg","width":768,"height":430,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-1020x571.jpg","width":1020,"height":571,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-1200x671.jpg","width":1200,"height":671,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-1920x1074.jpg","width":1920,"height":1074,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-1180x660.jpg","width":1180,"height":660,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-960x537.jpg","width":960,"height":537,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-240x134.jpg","width":240,"height":134,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-375x210.jpg","width":375,"height":210,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-520x291.jpg","width":520,"height":291,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-1180x660.jpg","width":1180,"height":660,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-1920x1074.jpg","width":1920,"height":1074,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/iStock-913394714.jpg","width":4218,"height":2360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_444163":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_444163","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"444163","found":true},"title":"Health Care Activists Offer Free Health Screenings In Los Angeles","publishDate":1535654412,"status":"inherit","parent":444162,"modified":1535654431,"caption":null,"credit":"David McNew/Getty Images","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-160x90.jpg","width":160,"height":90,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-800x450.jpg","width":800,"height":450,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-768x432.jpg","width":768,"height":432,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-1020x574.jpg","width":1020,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-960x540.jpg","width":960,"height":540,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-1024x576.jpg","width":1024,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-240x135.jpg","width":240,"height":135,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-375x211.jpg","width":375,"height":211,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-520x293.jpg","width":520,"height":293,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-148134788-1024x576.jpg","width":1024,"height":576}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_443979":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_443979","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"443979","found":true},"title":"GettyImages-1946364 (1)","publishDate":1534319952,"status":"inherit","parent":443977,"modified":1534319995,"caption":"Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strands from a double helix model on display at the Science Museum April 23, 2003 in London. ","credit":"Paul Gilham/Getty Images","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-160x98.jpg","width":160,"height":98,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-800x490.jpg","width":800,"height":490,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-768x471.jpg","width":768,"height":471,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-1020x625.jpg","width":1020,"height":625,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-1200x736.jpg","width":1200,"height":736,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-1920x1177.jpg","width":1920,"height":1177,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-1180x723.jpg","width":1180,"height":723,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-960x588.jpg","width":960,"height":588,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-240x147.jpg","width":240,"height":147,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-375x230.jpg","width":375,"height":230,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-520x319.jpg","width":520,"height":319,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-1180x723.jpg","width":1180,"height":723,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-1920x1177.jpg","width":1920,"height":1177,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/GettyImages-1946364-1.jpg","width":3000,"height":1839}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_443817":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_443817","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"443817","found":true},"title":"Sad woman with mental disorder","publishDate":1533600130,"status":"inherit","parent":443813,"modified":1533600156,"caption":null,"credit":"iStock","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-1200x800.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-1180x787.jpg","width":1180,"height":787,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-960x640.jpg","width":960,"height":640,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-240x160.jpg","width":240,"height":160,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-375x250.jpg","width":375,"height":250,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-520x347.jpg","width":520,"height":347,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-1180x787.jpg","width":1180,"height":787,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/08/iStock-915714354.jpg","width":5761,"height":3840}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_440288":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_440288","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"440288","found":true},"title":"Scientists are finding that, just as with secondhand smoke from tobacco, inhaling secondhand smoke from marijuana can make it harder for arteries to expand to allow a healthy flow of blood.","publishDate":1521483455,"status":"inherit","parent":440287,"modified":1521483455,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":"Scientists are finding that, just as with secondhand smoke from tobacco, inhaling secondhand smoke from marijuana can make it harder for arteries to expand to allow a healthy flow of blood.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-160x90.jpg","width":160,"height":90,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-800x450.jpg","width":800,"height":450,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-768x432.jpg","width":768,"height":432,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-1020x574.jpg","width":1020,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-1920x1080.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-1180x664.jpg","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-960x540.jpg","width":960,"height":540,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-240x135.jpg","width":240,"height":135,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-375x211.jpg","width":375,"height":211,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-520x292.jpg","width":520,"height":292,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-1180x664.jpg","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-1920x1080.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/cig-in-air_wide-cf2d76590e33ee7b85f9f9ba1d0db11a0ce79e9d.jpg","width":1997,"height":1123}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_440081":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_440081","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"440081","found":true},"title":null,"publishDate":1520898769,"status":"inherit","parent":440080,"modified":1520899291,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-160x90.jpg","width":160,"height":90,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-800x450.jpg","width":800,"height":450,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-768x432.jpg","width":768,"height":432,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-1020x574.jpg","width":1020,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-1920x1080.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-1180x664.jpg","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-960x540.jpg","width":960,"height":540,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-240x135.jpg","width":240,"height":135,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-375x211.jpg","width":375,"height":211,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-520x293.jpg","width":520,"height":293,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-1180x664.jpg","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-1920x1080.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/npr_3918_wide-3127d2064fd19dd83b62dbd91b937cef0409f560.jpg","width":4000,"height":2250}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_123032":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_123032","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"123032","found":true},"title":"heart","publishDate":1457141934,"status":"inherit","parent":122997,"modified":1457142119,"caption":"Heart muscle cells created from a new type of cell engineered at the Gladstone Institutes.","credit":"Yu Zhang/Gladstone Institutes","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2-800x450.jpg","width":800,"height":450,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2-768x432.jpg","width":768,"height":432,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2-1180x664.jpg","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2-1180x664.jpg","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2-960x540.jpg","width":960,"height":540,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/Cardiomyocytes-2.jpg","width":1355,"height":762}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_13148":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_13148","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"13148","found":true},"title":"bruce","publishDate":1436834255,"status":"inherit","parent":13130,"modified":1436834332,"caption":"Dr. Bruce Conklin demonstrates the new system at his offices at the Gladstone Institute ","credit":"Christina Farr / KQED","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/bruce-400x300.jpg","width":400,"height":300,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/bruce-800x600.jpg","width":800,"height":600,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/bruce-1180x885.jpg","width":1180,"height":885,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/bruce-1180x885.jpg","width":1180,"height":885,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/bruce-960x720.jpg","width":960,"height":720,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/bruce-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/bruce-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/bruce-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/bruce-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/bruce-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/bruce-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/bruce-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/bruce.jpg","width":1632,"height":1224}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"futureofyou_3269":{"type":"attachments","id":"futureofyou_3269","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"futureofyou","id":"3269","found":true},"title":"XimCk1nWNW_JeoSorfq1IFV6oIzcfvFJ14kXlxXdcY8,wd0QVG72A2qTSNa17bBq-bHj_apsaXlk-IOWVOeSFt8,tQ-Q_lbo8lTBMjFKom6MuuuchPt3mE342ejQVqZnG5k","publishDate":1432178489,"status":"inherit","parent":3250,"modified":1432178514,"caption":"A 3-D simulation of a human heart ","credit":"Living Heart Project ","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/XimCk1nWNW_JeoSorfq1IFV6oIzcfvFJ14kXlxXdcY8wd0QVG72A2qTSNa17bBq-bHj_apsaXlk-IOWVOeSFt8tQ-Q_lbo8lTBMjFKom6MuuuchPt3mE342ejQVqZnG5k-400x297.jpg","width":400,"height":297,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/XimCk1nWNW_JeoSorfq1IFV6oIzcfvFJ14kXlxXdcY8wd0QVG72A2qTSNa17bBq-bHj_apsaXlk-IOWVOeSFt8tQ-Q_lbo8lTBMjFKom6MuuuchPt3mE342ejQVqZnG5k-800x594.jpg","width":800,"height":594,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/XimCk1nWNW_JeoSorfq1IFV6oIzcfvFJ14kXlxXdcY8wd0QVG72A2qTSNa17bBq-bHj_apsaXlk-IOWVOeSFt8tQ-Q_lbo8lTBMjFKom6MuuuchPt3mE342ejQVqZnG5k-960x713.jpg","width":960,"height":713,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/XimCk1nWNW_JeoSorfq1IFV6oIzcfvFJ14kXlxXdcY8wd0QVG72A2qTSNa17bBq-bHj_apsaXlk-IOWVOeSFt8tQ-Q_lbo8lTBMjFKom6MuuuchPt3mE342ejQVqZnG5k-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/XimCk1nWNW_JeoSorfq1IFV6oIzcfvFJ14kXlxXdcY8wd0QVG72A2qTSNa17bBq-bHj_apsaXlk-IOWVOeSFt8tQ-Q_lbo8lTBMjFKom6MuuuchPt3mE342ejQVqZnG5k-1024x576.jpg","width":1024,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/XimCk1nWNW_JeoSorfq1IFV6oIzcfvFJ14kXlxXdcY8wd0QVG72A2qTSNa17bBq-bHj_apsaXlk-IOWVOeSFt8tQ-Q_lbo8lTBMjFKom6MuuuchPt3mE342ejQVqZnG5k-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/XimCk1nWNW_JeoSorfq1IFV6oIzcfvFJ14kXlxXdcY8wd0QVG72A2qTSNa17bBq-bHj_apsaXlk-IOWVOeSFt8tQ-Q_lbo8lTBMjFKom6MuuuchPt3mE342ejQVqZnG5k-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/XimCk1nWNW_JeoSorfq1IFV6oIzcfvFJ14kXlxXdcY8wd0QVG72A2qTSNa17bBq-bHj_apsaXlk-IOWVOeSFt8tQ-Q_lbo8lTBMjFKom6MuuuchPt3mE342ejQVqZnG5k-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/XimCk1nWNW_JeoSorfq1IFV6oIzcfvFJ14kXlxXdcY8wd0QVG72A2qTSNa17bBq-bHj_apsaXlk-IOWVOeSFt8tQ-Q_lbo8lTBMjFKom6MuuuchPt3mE342ejQVqZnG5k-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/XimCk1nWNW_JeoSorfq1IFV6oIzcfvFJ14kXlxXdcY8wd0QVG72A2qTSNa17bBq-bHj_apsaXlk-IOWVOeSFt8tQ-Q_lbo8lTBMjFKom6MuuuchPt3mE342ejQVqZnG5k-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/XimCk1nWNW_JeoSorfq1IFV6oIzcfvFJ14kXlxXdcY8wd0QVG72A2qTSNa17bBq-bHj_apsaXlk-IOWVOeSFt8tQ-Q_lbo8lTBMjFKom6MuuuchPt3mE342ejQVqZnG5k.jpg","width":1024,"height":760}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_futureofyou_445294":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_445294","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_445294","name":"Elizabeth Cooney\u003cbr />STAT","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_444164":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_444164","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_444164","name":"Ed Silverman\u003cbr />STAT","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_443977":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_443977","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_443977","name":"Lauran Neergaard\u003cbr />The Associated Press","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_443813":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_443813","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_443813","name":"Orly Nadell Farber\u003cbr />STAT","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_440287":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_440287","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_440287","name":"Marissa Ortega-Welch\u003cbr />NPR Shots","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_440080":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_440080","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_440080","name":"Patti Neighmond, NPR","isLoading":false},"byline_futureofyou_122997":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_futureofyou_122997","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_futureofyou_122997","name":"Lesley McClurg","isLoading":false},"cfarr":{"type":"authors","id":"3252","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3252","found":true},"name":"Christina Farr","firstName":"Christina","lastName":"Farr","slug":"cfarr","email":"cfarr@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Christina Farr (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/chrissyfarr\">@chrissyfarr\u003c/a>) is the former editor and host of Future of You. She was previously with Reuters, covering digital health and Apple and before that, she reported for Venture Beat. Christina was born and raised in London and has graduate degrees from University of London and the Stanford School of Journalism. Farr’s work has appeared in a variety of publications, including the New York Times, the Daily Telegraph, the Bay Citizen and SFGate.com. She has appeared as a featured expert on NBC, ABC and Reuters TV, among others, and frequently speaks at health and technology conferences. She is also co-founder of Ladies Who Vino, a networking group for women in technology and business.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/22c63869a7901c61c15e204391c1261d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Christina Farr | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/22c63869a7901c61c15e204391c1261d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/22c63869a7901c61c15e204391c1261d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/cfarr"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"futureofyou_445294":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445294","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445294","score":null,"sort":[1540920607000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"government-intervenes-in-heart-study-following-concerns-about-underlying-research","title":"Government Intervenes in Heart Study Following Concerns About Underlying Research","publishDate":1540920607,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">A government agency has paused a clinical trial testing an experimental stem cell therapy in heart failure patients, a move made public on Monday and sparked by recommendations to retract 31 journal articles from the lab of a controversial cardiac stem cell researcher.[contextly_sidebar id=\"I7izVP7XTjOkvUPxO6DOfpUiStgsOB7A\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">“Recent calls for the retraction of journal articles in related fields of cell therapy research have raised concerns about the scientific foundations of this trial,” the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/statement-nhlbi-decision-pause-concert-hf-trial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\u003c/a> said in a statement posted Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">On Oct. 17, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/17/nejm-retract-stem-cell-anversa/\">New England Journal of Medicine retracted\u003c/a> one paper and published an “expression of concern” about two others from the lab of Dr. Piero Anversa, a controversial stem cell researcher. The journal’s move came three days after Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital told \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/14/harvard-brigham-retractions-stem-cell/\">STAT and Retraction Watch\u003c/a> they had recommended that 31 papers from Anversa be retracted by medical journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. David Goff, director of the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences at NHLBI, confirmed Monday that news about the 31 journal articles from the Anversa lab prompted the pause in the trial known as \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02501811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CONCERT-HF\u003c/a>. None of the retracted or disputed papers specifically relate to the trial\u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02501811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">,\u003c/a> he said, but the trial’s Data and Safety Monitoring Board, convened last week at the institute’s request, on Friday recommended a “pause” in the trial so the board could complete its review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anversa’s research focused on advancing the idea that the heart contains stem cells, called c-kit cells, that could regenerate cardiac muscle after a heart attack. But when various research teams tried to reproduce results reported in his papers, they failed. Anversa left Harvard and the Brigham in 2015. Lawyers for Anversa and his colleague Dr. Annarosa Leri said earlier this month the doctors “stand by the scientific findings in their papers, including the existence and potential therapeutic benefits of cardiac stem cells.” In an Oct. 3 letter that Anversa provided to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/29/health/dr-piero-anversa-harvard-retraction.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The New York Times\u003c/a>, Harvard and the Brigham said he had “committed research misconduct” in eight papers and in a grant application.[contextly_sidebar id=\"J93WJNRRTNR70mMyZTyFDOqE9SKlEyHq\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CONCERT-HF study set out to determine whether c-kit+ cells, either alone or in combination with stem cells derived from the bone marrow, are safe and could help patients with chronic heart failure. There are limited treatment options for people with heart failure; half of them will die within five years of receiving a diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goff said that the study’s approval to launch in 2015 was based on 11 reports from eight different labs — all independent of Anversa’s — showing benefits from c-kit+ cells in animal experiments. At the time, reviewers of the study protocols were aware that other labs were unable to duplicate findings reported by Anversa and his colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Texas and NHLBI are sponsors of the trial, which sought to enroll 141 patients at seven locations since it was launched in 2015. The trial has recruited 125 patients, Goff said. Of those 125 people, 117 have undergone tissue collection from bone marrow or heart muscle and 90 have been treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Lem Moye of the University of Texas said participants are being notified about the trial’s pause and being told that recent media coverage about cell therapy research is not directly related to CONCERT-HF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although we do not follow the protocols of Dr. Anversa (we have our own lab at the University of Miami which uses GMP procedures, as is FDA approved). … NHLBI would like to assure itself that our lab is in fact generating c-kit+ cells,” Moye wrote in response to questions. “We hope that this will not take long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goff said NHLBI has asked the board to conduct an “expeditious review in keeping with appropriate rigor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a responsibility to our participants and to generating knowledge to improve the health of people with heart failure.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A trial testing experimental stem cell therapy in heart failure patients has been stalled following recommendations to retract 31 journal articles from the lab of a controversial researcher.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1540920607,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":697},"headData":{"title":"Government Intervenes in Heart Study Following Concerns About Underlying Research | KQED","description":"A trial testing experimental stem cell therapy in heart failure patients has been stalled following recommendations to retract 31 journal articles from the lab of a controversial researcher.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Government Intervenes in Heart Study Following Concerns About Underlying Research","datePublished":"2018-10-30T17:30:07.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-30T17:30:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"445294 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445294","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/30/government-intervenes-in-heart-study-following-concerns-about-underlying-research/","disqusTitle":"Government Intervenes in Heart Study Following Concerns About Underlying Research","source":"Health","nprByline":"Elizabeth Cooney\u003cbr />STAT","path":"/futureofyou/445294/government-intervenes-in-heart-study-following-concerns-about-underlying-research","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">A government agency has paused a clinical trial testing an experimental stem cell therapy in heart failure patients, a move made public on Monday and sparked by recommendations to retract 31 journal articles from the lab of a controversial cardiac stem cell researcher.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">“Recent calls for the retraction of journal articles in related fields of cell therapy research have raised concerns about the scientific foundations of this trial,” the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/statement-nhlbi-decision-pause-concert-hf-trial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\u003c/a> said in a statement posted Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">On Oct. 17, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/17/nejm-retract-stem-cell-anversa/\">New England Journal of Medicine retracted\u003c/a> one paper and published an “expression of concern” about two others from the lab of Dr. Piero Anversa, a controversial stem cell researcher. The journal’s move came three days after Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital told \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/14/harvard-brigham-retractions-stem-cell/\">STAT and Retraction Watch\u003c/a> they had recommended that 31 papers from Anversa be retracted by medical journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. David Goff, director of the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences at NHLBI, confirmed Monday that news about the 31 journal articles from the Anversa lab prompted the pause in the trial known as \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02501811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CONCERT-HF\u003c/a>. None of the retracted or disputed papers specifically relate to the trial\u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02501811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">,\u003c/a> he said, but the trial’s Data and Safety Monitoring Board, convened last week at the institute’s request, on Friday recommended a “pause” in the trial so the board could complete its review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anversa’s research focused on advancing the idea that the heart contains stem cells, called c-kit cells, that could regenerate cardiac muscle after a heart attack. But when various research teams tried to reproduce results reported in his papers, they failed. Anversa left Harvard and the Brigham in 2015. Lawyers for Anversa and his colleague Dr. Annarosa Leri said earlier this month the doctors “stand by the scientific findings in their papers, including the existence and potential therapeutic benefits of cardiac stem cells.” In an Oct. 3 letter that Anversa provided to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/29/health/dr-piero-anversa-harvard-retraction.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The New York Times\u003c/a>, Harvard and the Brigham said he had “committed research misconduct” in eight papers and in a grant application.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CONCERT-HF study set out to determine whether c-kit+ cells, either alone or in combination with stem cells derived from the bone marrow, are safe and could help patients with chronic heart failure. There are limited treatment options for people with heart failure; half of them will die within five years of receiving a diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goff said that the study’s approval to launch in 2015 was based on 11 reports from eight different labs — all independent of Anversa’s — showing benefits from c-kit+ cells in animal experiments. At the time, reviewers of the study protocols were aware that other labs were unable to duplicate findings reported by Anversa and his colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Texas and NHLBI are sponsors of the trial, which sought to enroll 141 patients at seven locations since it was launched in 2015. The trial has recruited 125 patients, Goff said. Of those 125 people, 117 have undergone tissue collection from bone marrow or heart muscle and 90 have been treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Lem Moye of the University of Texas said participants are being notified about the trial’s pause and being told that recent media coverage about cell therapy research is not directly related to CONCERT-HF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although we do not follow the protocols of Dr. Anversa (we have our own lab at the University of Miami which uses GMP procedures, as is FDA approved). … NHLBI would like to assure itself that our lab is in fact generating c-kit+ cells,” Moye wrote in response to questions. “We hope that this will not take long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goff said NHLBI has asked the board to conduct an “expeditious review in keeping with appropriate rigor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a responsibility to our participants and to generating knowledge to improve the health of people with heart failure.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445294/government-intervenes-in-heart-study-following-concerns-about-underlying-research","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445294"],"categories":["futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1592","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_279","futureofyou_775","futureofyou_680"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445296","label":"source_futureofyou_445294"},"futureofyou_444164":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_444164","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"444164","score":null,"sort":[1535655075000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fda-investigating-how-a-potential-carcinogen-found-its-way-in-heart-drugs","title":"FDA Investigating How a Potential Carcinogen Found its Way in Heart Drugs","publishDate":1535655075,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Heart health | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>After learning an ingredient used to make a widely prescribed heart drug contained a substance linked to cancer, the Food and Drug Administration is now testing all drugs in that class for traces of the toxic material.[contextly_sidebar id=\"M4JEVSEfDDhDw0n3meqWeaJPT6i8AOwO\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The probe into angiotensin II receptor blockers is part of a widening investigation into a mystery over an impurity known as NDMA, which was found last month in generic valsartan blood pressure pills made by Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical. NDMA, which is considered a possible carcinogen by the Environmental Protection Agency, is an organic chemical once used to make rocket fuel and is an unintended by-product of certain chemical reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The finding caused widespread concern and product recalls by several manufacturers as the FDA and regulators from other countries scrambled to determine how the substance found its way into the medicine. The FDA issued a statement saying it believes the problem occurred “through a specific sequence of steps in the manufacturing process,” but the agency is “still not 100 percent sure this is the root cause.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous companies either manufacture or repackage these drugs, which are regularly used to combat high blood pressure and heart failure. As of now, they noted that more than half of all valsartan medicines that are on the market are being recalled.[contextly_sidebar id=\"sIS8BD5zF1nXJWO6PonqzMGSpfqDl0Bs\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The episode underscores ongoing concerns about the quality of the pharmaceutical supply chain emanating from countries such as China and India that are large ingredients manufacturers, but have a history of inconsistent — some say inadequate — government oversight. A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2017/01/17/fda-drug-safety-inspections/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Government Accountability Office found the FDA was struggling to assess its overseas inspection efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mindful of such concerns, the FDA statement took pains to explain the steps taken by the agency to respond to the NDMA problem. These included \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm613916.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">alerts\u003c/a> issued to patients and health care providers on the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm613916.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web site\u003c/a>; analysis by FDA staff at its St. Louis laboratory; communicating with regulators in Canada, Europe, and Japan; and inspecting Zhejiang Huahai facilities in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the FDA reiterated an earlier alert that attempted to put the risk into context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency estimated that if 8,000 people took the highest valsartan dose of 320 mg in a pill containing NDMA daily for four years — which is the amount of time the FDA believes the affected pill had been on the U.S. market — there may be one additional case of cancer over their lifetimes beyond the average cancer rate among Americans.[contextly_sidebar id=\"enNQmG13yKJp90szHVrMT1LH85pc4uKY\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This estimate represented the highest possible level of NDMA exposure. It was a measure of the risk under the most extreme circumstances. Most patients who were exposed to the impurity through the use of valsartan received less exposure than this worst-case scenario,” Gottlieb and Woodcock wrote in a bid to reassure the public about the likelihood of the risk of developing cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, they added that they plan to use what they learn from this scare to “inform assessments of product applications being submitted and currently reviewed by the FDA. We will disseminate that information to manufacturers of all drugs and to the scientific community and re-evaluate our existing guidance to manufacturers.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The episode underscores ongoing concerns about the quality of the pharmaceutical supply chain emanating from countries such as China and India.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1535655075,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":556},"headData":{"title":"FDA Investigating How a Potential Carcinogen Found its Way in Heart Drugs | KQED","description":"The episode underscores ongoing concerns about the quality of the pharmaceutical supply chain emanating from countries such as China and India.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"FDA Investigating How a Potential Carcinogen Found its Way in Heart Drugs","datePublished":"2018-08-30T18:51:15.000Z","dateModified":"2018-08-30T18:51:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444164 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444164","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/08/30/fda-investigating-how-a-potential-carcinogen-found-its-way-in-heart-drugs/","disqusTitle":"FDA Investigating How a Potential Carcinogen Found its Way in Heart Drugs","source":"Health","nprByline":"Ed Silverman\u003cbr />STAT","path":"/futureofyou/444164/fda-investigating-how-a-potential-carcinogen-found-its-way-in-heart-drugs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After learning an ingredient used to make a widely prescribed heart drug contained a substance linked to cancer, the Food and Drug Administration is now testing all drugs in that class for traces of the toxic material.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The probe into angiotensin II receptor blockers is part of a widening investigation into a mystery over an impurity known as NDMA, which was found last month in generic valsartan blood pressure pills made by Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical. NDMA, which is considered a possible carcinogen by the Environmental Protection Agency, is an organic chemical once used to make rocket fuel and is an unintended by-product of certain chemical reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The finding caused widespread concern and product recalls by several manufacturers as the FDA and regulators from other countries scrambled to determine how the substance found its way into the medicine. The FDA issued a statement saying it believes the problem occurred “through a specific sequence of steps in the manufacturing process,” but the agency is “still not 100 percent sure this is the root cause.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous companies either manufacture or repackage these drugs, which are regularly used to combat high blood pressure and heart failure. As of now, they noted that more than half of all valsartan medicines that are on the market are being recalled.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The episode underscores ongoing concerns about the quality of the pharmaceutical supply chain emanating from countries such as China and India that are large ingredients manufacturers, but have a history of inconsistent — some say inadequate — government oversight. A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2017/01/17/fda-drug-safety-inspections/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Government Accountability Office found the FDA was struggling to assess its overseas inspection efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mindful of such concerns, the FDA statement took pains to explain the steps taken by the agency to respond to the NDMA problem. These included \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm613916.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">alerts\u003c/a> issued to patients and health care providers on the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm613916.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web site\u003c/a>; analysis by FDA staff at its St. Louis laboratory; communicating with regulators in Canada, Europe, and Japan; and inspecting Zhejiang Huahai facilities in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the FDA reiterated an earlier alert that attempted to put the risk into context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency estimated that if 8,000 people took the highest valsartan dose of 320 mg in a pill containing NDMA daily for four years — which is the amount of time the FDA believes the affected pill had been on the U.S. market — there may be one additional case of cancer over their lifetimes beyond the average cancer rate among Americans.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This estimate represented the highest possible level of NDMA exposure. It was a measure of the risk under the most extreme circumstances. Most patients who were exposed to the impurity through the use of valsartan received less exposure than this worst-case scenario,” Gottlieb and Woodcock wrote in a bid to reassure the public about the likelihood of the risk of developing cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, they added that they plan to use what they learn from this scare to “inform assessments of product applications being submitted and currently reviewed by the FDA. We will disseminate that information to manufacturers of all drugs and to the scientific community and re-evaluate our existing guidance to manufacturers.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444164/fda-investigating-how-a-potential-carcinogen-found-its-way-in-heart-drugs","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444164"],"series":["futureofyou_350"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_103","futureofyou_952","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_279"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444163","label":"source_futureofyou_444164"},"futureofyou_443977":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_443977","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"443977","score":null,"sort":[1534348813000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"multi-gene-test-may-find-risk-for-heart-disease-and-more","title":"Multi-Gene Test May Find Risk for Heart Disease and More","publishDate":1534348813,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>You know your cholesterol, your blood pressure ... your heart gene score? Researchers say a new way of analyzing genetic test data may one day help identify people at high risk of a youthful heart attack in time to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, gene testing mostly focuses on rare mutations in one or a few genes, like those that cause cystic fibrosis or sickle cell disease, or the BRCA gene responsible for a small fraction of breast cancer. It is less useful for some of the most common diseases, such as heart disease or diabetes, because they are influenced by vast numbers of genes-gone-wrong working together in complicated ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday, researchers reported a new way to measure millions of small genetic variations that add up to cause harm, letting them calculate someone’s inherited risk for the most common form of heart disease and four other serious disorders. The potential cardiac impact: They estimated that up to 25 million Americans may have triple the average person’s risk for coronary artery disease even if they haven’t yet developed warning signs like high cholesterol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I foresee is in five years, each person will know this risk number, this ‘polygenic risk score,’ similar to the way each person knows his or her cholesterol,” said Dr. Sekar Kathiresan who led the research team from the Broad Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the approach pans out and doctors adopt it, a bad score wouldn’t mean you’d get a disease, just that your genetic makeup increases the chance — one more piece of information in deciding care. For example, when the researchers tested the system using a DNA database from Britain, less than 1 percent of people with the lowest risk scores were diagnosed with coronary artery disease, compared to 11 percent of people with the highest risk score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are things you can do to lower the risk,” Kathiresan said — the usual advice about diet, exercise, cholesterol medication and not smoking helps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the flip side, a low-risk score “doesn’t give you a free pass,” he added. An unhealthy lifestyle could overwhelm the protection of good genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scoring system also can predict an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and an irregular heartbeat called atrial fibrillation, the team reported in the journal Nature Genetics — noting that next steps include learning what might likewise lower those risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It doesn’t require the most sophisticated type of genetic testing. Instead, Kathiresan can calculate risk scores for those five diseases — eventually maybe more — simply by reanalyzing the kind of raw data people receive after sending a cheek swab to companies like 23andMe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A geneticist who specializes in cardiovascular disease, he hopes to open a website where people can send in such data to learn their heart risk, as part of continuing research. Kathiresan and co-author Dr. Amit Khera, a Mass General cardiologist, are co-inventors on a patent application for the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other scientists and companies have long sought ways to measure risk from multiple, additive gene effects — the “poly” in polygenic — and Myriad Genetics has begun selling a type of polygenic test for breast cancer risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But specialists in heart disease and genetics who weren’t involved with the research called the new findings exciting because of their scope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The results should be eye-opening for cardiologists,” said Dr. Charles C. Hong, director of cardiovascular research at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. “The only disappointment is that this score applies only to those with European ancestry, so I wonder if similar scores are in the works for the large majority of the world population that is not white.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hong pointed to a friend who recently died of a massive heart attack despite being a super-fit marathon runner who’d never smoked, the kind of puzzling death that doctors have long hoped that a better understanding of genetics could help to prevent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the variation in disease risk comes from an enormous number of very tiny effects” in genes, agreed Stanford University genetics professor Jonathan Pritchard. “This is the first time polygenic scores have really been shown to reach the level of precision where they can have an impact” on patient health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the Boston-based team combed previous studies that mapped the DNA of large numbers of people, looking for links to the five diseases — not outright mutations but minor misspellings in the genetic code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each variation alone would have only a tiny effect on health. They developed a computerized system that analyzed how those effects add up, and tested it using DNA and medical records from 400,000 people stored in Britain’s UK Biobank. Scores more than three times the average person’s risk were deemed high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers have reported a new way to measure millions of small genetic variations that add up to cause harm.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1534320042,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":873},"headData":{"title":"Multi-Gene Test May Find Risk for Heart Disease and More | KQED","description":"Researchers have reported a new way to measure millions of small genetic variations that add up to cause harm.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Multi-Gene Test May Find Risk for Heart Disease and More","datePublished":"2018-08-15T16:00:13.000Z","dateModified":"2018-08-15T08:00:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"443977 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=443977","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/08/15/multi-gene-test-may-find-risk-for-heart-disease-and-more/","disqusTitle":"Multi-Gene Test May Find Risk for Heart Disease and More","source":"Health","nprByline":"Lauran Neergaard\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/443977/multi-gene-test-may-find-risk-for-heart-disease-and-more","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You know your cholesterol, your blood pressure ... your heart gene score? Researchers say a new way of analyzing genetic test data may one day help identify people at high risk of a youthful heart attack in time to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, gene testing mostly focuses on rare mutations in one or a few genes, like those that cause cystic fibrosis or sickle cell disease, or the BRCA gene responsible for a small fraction of breast cancer. It is less useful for some of the most common diseases, such as heart disease or diabetes, because they are influenced by vast numbers of genes-gone-wrong working together in complicated ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday, researchers reported a new way to measure millions of small genetic variations that add up to cause harm, letting them calculate someone’s inherited risk for the most common form of heart disease and four other serious disorders. The potential cardiac impact: They estimated that up to 25 million Americans may have triple the average person’s risk for coronary artery disease even if they haven’t yet developed warning signs like high cholesterol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I foresee is in five years, each person will know this risk number, this ‘polygenic risk score,’ similar to the way each person knows his or her cholesterol,” said Dr. Sekar Kathiresan who led the research team from the Broad Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the approach pans out and doctors adopt it, a bad score wouldn’t mean you’d get a disease, just that your genetic makeup increases the chance — one more piece of information in deciding care. For example, when the researchers tested the system using a DNA database from Britain, less than 1 percent of people with the lowest risk scores were diagnosed with coronary artery disease, compared to 11 percent of people with the highest risk score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are things you can do to lower the risk,” Kathiresan said — the usual advice about diet, exercise, cholesterol medication and not smoking helps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the flip side, a low-risk score “doesn’t give you a free pass,” he added. An unhealthy lifestyle could overwhelm the protection of good genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scoring system also can predict an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and an irregular heartbeat called atrial fibrillation, the team reported in the journal Nature Genetics — noting that next steps include learning what might likewise lower those risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It doesn’t require the most sophisticated type of genetic testing. Instead, Kathiresan can calculate risk scores for those five diseases — eventually maybe more — simply by reanalyzing the kind of raw data people receive after sending a cheek swab to companies like 23andMe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A geneticist who specializes in cardiovascular disease, he hopes to open a website where people can send in such data to learn their heart risk, as part of continuing research. Kathiresan and co-author Dr. Amit Khera, a Mass General cardiologist, are co-inventors on a patent application for the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other scientists and companies have long sought ways to measure risk from multiple, additive gene effects — the “poly” in polygenic — and Myriad Genetics has begun selling a type of polygenic test for breast cancer risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But specialists in heart disease and genetics who weren’t involved with the research called the new findings exciting because of their scope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The results should be eye-opening for cardiologists,” said Dr. Charles C. Hong, director of cardiovascular research at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. “The only disappointment is that this score applies only to those with European ancestry, so I wonder if similar scores are in the works for the large majority of the world population that is not white.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hong pointed to a friend who recently died of a massive heart attack despite being a super-fit marathon runner who’d never smoked, the kind of puzzling death that doctors have long hoped that a better understanding of genetics could help to prevent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the variation in disease risk comes from an enormous number of very tiny effects” in genes, agreed Stanford University genetics professor Jonathan Pritchard. “This is the first time polygenic scores have really been shown to reach the level of precision where they can have an impact” on patient health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the Boston-based team combed previous studies that mapped the DNA of large numbers of people, looking for links to the five diseases — not outright mutations but minor misspellings in the genetic code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each variation alone would have only a tiny effect on health. They developed a computerized system that analyzed how those effects add up, and tested it using DNA and medical records from 400,000 people stored in Britain’s UK Biobank. Scores more than three times the average person’s risk were deemed high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/443977/multi-gene-test-may-find-risk-for-heart-disease-and-more","authors":["byline_futureofyou_443977"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1064"],"tags":["futureofyou_17","futureofyou_324","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_279"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093","futureofyou_1094"],"featImg":"futureofyou_443979","label":"source_futureofyou_443977"},"futureofyou_443813":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_443813","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"443813","score":null,"sort":[1533668439000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"women-survive-heart-attack-more-often-when-doctor-is-female-study-finds","title":"Women Survive Heart Attack More Often When Doctor is Female, Study Finds","publishDate":1533668439,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Women’s Health | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Much like shoes or skinny jeans, heart attacks can fit women a little differently than men. Their symptoms don’t always look the same, and for a meshwork of reasons, physicians all too often fail to diagnose heart attacks in women with enough time to intervene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consequence: Women are more likely to die from heart attacks than men are. But, according to a new study, not if they’re treated by female doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1800097115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a>, published Monday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that female patients are two to three times more likely to survive a heart attack when the doctor overseeing their care is also a woman. But the difference diminished when male doctors worked in emergency rooms with a higher percentage of female physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, both men and women suffering heart attacks fared better when treated by female doctors or when treated by men working alongside more female clinicians, the authors reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These findings raise an unavoidable question: Are women better doctors? And, does rubbing elbows with women physicians help men become better clinicians? The answers are more convoluted than the questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous research has found better outcomes among hospitalized Medicare patients treated by women, but the underlying reasons remain murky at best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to not get caught up in the idea that women are better doctors,” said Dr. Klea Bertakis, a physician and researcher at the University of California, Davis, who studies gender dynamics in health care. “It’s not a men-against-women kind of thing, it’s what are the best practice styles and how can we teach them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bertakis pointed to specific practice behaviors – female physicians tend to share more information with patients and to focus more on partnership and patient participation. Male physicians, on the other hand, tend to stick to “the facts,” emphasizing the patient history and physical exam, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sharonne Hayes, a cardiologist at the Mayo Women’s Heart Clinic, broke down one common explanation for the differences in outcomes for male and female heart attack patients — the symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a heart attack, women are less likely to experience chest pain, and are more likely to present with nausea and vomiting. But Hayes pointed out that there are more similarities than differences: 30 percent of both men and women won’t experience chest pain, and men can have nausea, too. The symptom hypothesis doesn’t fully explain the different rates of diagnosis and survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes suggested that part of the problem is that physicians and people in general are “still stuck with some confirmation bias about who gets a heart attack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study, conducted by three business school professors at the University of Minnesota, Washington University in St. Louis, and Harvard, started by looking at whether gender concordance between patients and the attending physicians in the emergency department influenced survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s relatively deep streams of literature in economics, political science, and sociology that suggest when advocates differ from the people they advocate for, there are often penalties,” said lead author Brad Greenwood of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Penalties” are business-speak that, when applied in an emergency room, refer to mortality. And “advocacy,” in this case, translates to physician care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using a census of heart attack patients admitted to Florida hospitals between 1991 and 2010, Greenwood and his colleagues found that when the gender of the patient matched the gender of the physician, both male and female patients were more likely to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking more closely at the data revealed that female patients treated by male physicians were the least likely to survive a heart attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The magnitude of the difference impressed Greenwood, but he was not surprised by its existence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood and his co-authors took their research one step further, studying not only the physicians’ gender, but their environment. They found that patients were more likely to survive heart attacks when treated in emergency departments with higher percentages of female physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood and co-author Seth Carnahan, of Washington University, were both hesitant to speculate about the reasons underlying their observations. Carnahan — who compared the patient-physician relationship to an employee-customer one — acknowledged that, as business professors, he and his colleagues lack the perspective of clinicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have expertise in analyzing data like this and thinking about organizational problems, but we don’t have the firsthand experience and knowledge that doctors have,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes said their statistical analysis went beyond what most doctors could even “conceptualize,” but she and Bertakis expressed some concern over the study’s methods and conclusions. The data, now eight years old, might miss the impact of recent efforts to educate physicians and the public about gender differences in cardiovascular disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both physicians also noted that the attending doctor used in the data analysis was likely the physician that discharged the patient — or signed their death certificate — which might not be the same doctor who treated the patient in the emergency room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bertakis took issue with the the study’s recommendation that one way to improve outcomes would be to increase the number of female physicians in the emergency department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These approaches are not likely to be feasible,” she said. Instead, she would focus on continuing to improve the curriculum in medical schools and in residency programs to teach physicians about gender differences — both at the patient and physician level — in cardiovascular care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes would like future research to focus on understanding why male physicians who work among more female doctors have better patient survival rates. “Where’s the education coming from? Is it in the hallways and at the watercooler?” she asked. “Or are there policy changes and practice changes?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study is a launchpad to address these questions, she said: “Understanding differences in how we need to care for men and women — particularly with heart disease, but for many other conditions — is something we should all be teaching our medical students, and learning, and incorporating in our daily practice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/08/06/heart-attacks-women-female-doctors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The difference diminishes when male doctors worked in emergency rooms with a higher percentage of female physicians.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1533600421,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1083},"headData":{"title":"Women Survive Heart Attack More Often When Doctor is Female, Study Finds | KQED","description":"The difference diminishes when male doctors worked in emergency rooms with a higher percentage of female physicians.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Women Survive Heart Attack More Often When Doctor is Female, Study Finds","datePublished":"2018-08-07T19:00:39.000Z","dateModified":"2018-08-07T00:07:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"443813 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=443813","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/08/07/women-survive-heart-attack-more-often-when-doctor-is-female-study-finds/","disqusTitle":"Women Survive Heart Attack More Often When Doctor is Female, Study Finds","source":"Health","nprByline":"Orly Nadell Farber\u003cbr />STAT","path":"/futureofyou/443813/women-survive-heart-attack-more-often-when-doctor-is-female-study-finds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Much like shoes or skinny jeans, heart attacks can fit women a little differently than men. Their symptoms don’t always look the same, and for a meshwork of reasons, physicians all too often fail to diagnose heart attacks in women with enough time to intervene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consequence: Women are more likely to die from heart attacks than men are. But, according to a new study, not if they’re treated by female doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1800097115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a>, published Monday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that female patients are two to three times more likely to survive a heart attack when the doctor overseeing their care is also a woman. But the difference diminished when male doctors worked in emergency rooms with a higher percentage of female physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, both men and women suffering heart attacks fared better when treated by female doctors or when treated by men working alongside more female clinicians, the authors reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These findings raise an unavoidable question: Are women better doctors? And, does rubbing elbows with women physicians help men become better clinicians? The answers are more convoluted than the questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous research has found better outcomes among hospitalized Medicare patients treated by women, but the underlying reasons remain murky at best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to not get caught up in the idea that women are better doctors,” said Dr. Klea Bertakis, a physician and researcher at the University of California, Davis, who studies gender dynamics in health care. “It’s not a men-against-women kind of thing, it’s what are the best practice styles and how can we teach them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bertakis pointed to specific practice behaviors – female physicians tend to share more information with patients and to focus more on partnership and patient participation. Male physicians, on the other hand, tend to stick to “the facts,” emphasizing the patient history and physical exam, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sharonne Hayes, a cardiologist at the Mayo Women’s Heart Clinic, broke down one common explanation for the differences in outcomes for male and female heart attack patients — the symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a heart attack, women are less likely to experience chest pain, and are more likely to present with nausea and vomiting. But Hayes pointed out that there are more similarities than differences: 30 percent of both men and women won’t experience chest pain, and men can have nausea, too. The symptom hypothesis doesn’t fully explain the different rates of diagnosis and survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes suggested that part of the problem is that physicians and people in general are “still stuck with some confirmation bias about who gets a heart attack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study, conducted by three business school professors at the University of Minnesota, Washington University in St. Louis, and Harvard, started by looking at whether gender concordance between patients and the attending physicians in the emergency department influenced survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s relatively deep streams of literature in economics, political science, and sociology that suggest when advocates differ from the people they advocate for, there are often penalties,” said lead author Brad Greenwood of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Penalties” are business-speak that, when applied in an emergency room, refer to mortality. And “advocacy,” in this case, translates to physician care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using a census of heart attack patients admitted to Florida hospitals between 1991 and 2010, Greenwood and his colleagues found that when the gender of the patient matched the gender of the physician, both male and female patients were more likely to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking more closely at the data revealed that female patients treated by male physicians were the least likely to survive a heart attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The magnitude of the difference impressed Greenwood, but he was not surprised by its existence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood and his co-authors took their research one step further, studying not only the physicians’ gender, but their environment. They found that patients were more likely to survive heart attacks when treated in emergency departments with higher percentages of female physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood and co-author Seth Carnahan, of Washington University, were both hesitant to speculate about the reasons underlying their observations. Carnahan — who compared the patient-physician relationship to an employee-customer one — acknowledged that, as business professors, he and his colleagues lack the perspective of clinicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have expertise in analyzing data like this and thinking about organizational problems, but we don’t have the firsthand experience and knowledge that doctors have,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes said their statistical analysis went beyond what most doctors could even “conceptualize,” but she and Bertakis expressed some concern over the study’s methods and conclusions. The data, now eight years old, might miss the impact of recent efforts to educate physicians and the public about gender differences in cardiovascular disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both physicians also noted that the attending doctor used in the data analysis was likely the physician that discharged the patient — or signed their death certificate — which might not be the same doctor who treated the patient in the emergency room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bertakis took issue with the the study’s recommendation that one way to improve outcomes would be to increase the number of female physicians in the emergency department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These approaches are not likely to be feasible,” she said. Instead, she would focus on continuing to improve the curriculum in medical schools and in residency programs to teach physicians about gender differences — both at the patient and physician level — in cardiovascular care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes would like future research to focus on understanding why male physicians who work among more female doctors have better patient survival rates. “Where’s the education coming from? Is it in the hallways and at the watercooler?” she asked. “Or are there policy changes and practice changes?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study is a launchpad to address these questions, she said: “Understanding differences in how we need to care for men and women — particularly with heart disease, but for many other conditions — is something we should all be teaching our medical students, and learning, and incorporating in our daily practice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/08/06/heart-attacks-women-female-doctors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/443813/women-survive-heart-attack-more-often-when-doctor-is-female-study-finds","authors":["byline_futureofyou_443813"],"series":["futureofyou_219"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1592","futureofyou_190","futureofyou_279","futureofyou_215"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_443817","label":"source_futureofyou_443813"},"futureofyou_440287":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_440287","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"440287","score":null,"sort":[1521484122000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"are-there-risks-from-secondhand-marijuana-smoke-early-science-says-yes","title":"Are There Risks From Secondhand Marijuana Smoke? Early Science Says Yes","publishDate":1521484122,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Heart health | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The inspiration arrived in a haze at a Paul McCartney concert a few years ago in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in front of me started lighting up and then other people started lighting up,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/matthew.springer#toc-id3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Matthew Springer\u003c/a>, a biologist and professor in the division of cardiology at the University of California, San Francisco. \"And for a few naive split seconds I was thinking to myself, 'Hey, they can't smoke in AT&T Park! I'm sure that's not allowed.' And then I realized that it was all marijuana.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"scVZwwMNYQudoK8prX8E6gEPhMsaZ644\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recreational pot was not legal yet in the state, but that stopped no one. \"Paul McCartney actually stopped between numbers and sniffed the air and said, 'There's something in the air — must be San Francisco!' \" Springer recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the visible cloud of pot smoke took shape, so did Springer's idea to study the effects of secondhand marijuana smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started thinking: San Franciscans would \u003cem>never \u003c/em>tolerate those levels of cigarette smoke in a public place anymore. So why were they OK with smoke from burning pot? Did people just assume that cannabis smoke isn't harmful the way tobacco smoke is?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer was already researching the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/health_effects/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health effects of secondhand tobacco smoke\u003c/a> on rats at \u003ca href=\"http://cardiolab.ucsf.edu/molcardiolab/lab.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his lab\u003c/a> at UCSF. He decided to run the same tests using joints.[contextly_sidebar id=\"IPYfhnbHrZbMpqTxNYHTDnd84sz97o9x\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By the time I left the concert, I was resolved to at least try to make this happen,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knew it would be difficult. Marijuana is still an \u003ca href=\"https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/drug_data_sheets/Marijuana.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">illegal drug\u003c/a> under federal law, and Springer's research uses federal funds; so he has to purchase \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425757/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">specially approved\u003c/a> government cannabis for study. He also can't test it on humans; hence, the rats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lab, Springer puts a cigarette or a joint in a plexiglass box. Then he lights it, and lets the chamber fill with smoke, where an anesthetized rat is exposed to the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, Springer and his colleagues have published \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27464788\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> demonstrating that secondhand smoke makes it harder for the rats' arteries to expand and allow a healthy flow of blood.[contextly_sidebar id=\"by0xGD9nRAvOmUvjFCkfel0dvDsXCIrW\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With tobacco products, this effect lasts about 30 minutes, and then the arteries recover their normal function. But if it happens over and over — as when a person is smoking cigarette after cigarette, for example — the arterial walls can become permanently damaged, and that damage can cause blood clots, heart attack or stroke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer demonstrated that, at least in rats, the same physiological effect occurs after inhaling secondhand smoke from marijuana. And, the arteries take 90 minutes to recover compared to the 30 minutes with cigarette smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer's discovery about the effect on blood vessels describes just one harmful impact for nonsmokers who are exposed to marijuana. Statewide sampling surveys of cannabis products sold in marijuana dispensaries have shown that cannabis products may contain \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/health-and-medicine/article131391629.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dangerous bacteria or mold\u003c/a>, or residues from \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereyherald.com/article/NF/20170926/NEWS/170929857\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pesticides and solvents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law requires testing for these contaminants, and those regulations are being initiated in \u003ca href=\"http://bcc.ca.gov/about_us/documents/17-261_required_testing_chart.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three phases\u003c/a> over the course of 2018. Because much of the marijuana being sold now was harvested in 2017, consumers will have to wait until early 2019 before they can purchase products that have been fully tested according to state standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People think cannabis is fine because it's 'natural,' \" Springer says. \"I hear this a lot. I don't know what it means.\" He concedes that tightly regulated marijuana, which has been fully tested, doesn't have as many chemical additives as cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if the cannabis tests clean, Springer says, smoke itself is bad for the lungs, heart and blood vessels. Other researchers are exploring the possible relationship between marijuana smoke and long-term cancer risk.[contextly_sidebar id=\"dllcUYeImG1KAcPQ7nMg7I05Na6rlHp2\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certainly, living with a smoker is worse for your health than just going to a smoky concert hall. But, Springer says, the less you inhale any kind of smoke, the better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People should think of this not as an anti-THC conclusion,\" he says, referencing \u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/how-does-marijuana-produce-its-effects\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the active ingredient in marijuana\u003c/a>, \"but an anti-smoke conclusion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So is the solution simply to avoid smoke from combustion? In other words, is it safer to eat cannabis-infused products, or use \"smokeless\" e-cigarettes or vaping devices?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer still urges caution on that score because vaping, for example, can have its own health effects. Vaping devices don't produce smoke from combustion, but they do release a cloud of aerosolized chemicals. Springer is studying the health effects of those chemicals, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this research takes time. Meanwhile, Springer worries that people might come to the wrong conclusion — that the absence of research means the secondhand smoke is OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We in the public health community have been telling them for decades to avoid inhaling secondhand smoke from tobacco,\" Springer says. \"We have not been telling them to avoid inhaling secondhand smoke from marijuana, and that's not because it's not bad for you — it's because we just haven't known. The experiments haven't been done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antismoking campaigners say we can't afford to wait until the research is complete. Recreational pot is already \u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/gov-data/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a reality\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://nonsmokersrights.org/cynthia-hallett\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cynthia Hallett\u003c/a> is the president of Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights, based in Berkeley, Calif. The organization was established in 1976, before there was a lot known about the health effects of secondhand smoke from tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that cannabis is becoming more common across the country — more than 20 cities or states have legalized it in some form — her organization is taking on the issue of secondhand marijuana smoke, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hallett says some of the arguments being made in support of cannabis remind her of the arguments made on behalf of tobacco decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm seeing a parallel between this argument that, 'Gee, we just don't have a lot of science and so, therefore, let's wait and see,' \" Hallett says. \"The tobacco companies used to say the same thing about tobacco cigarettes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, smoking cannabis is prohibited anywhere tobacco smoking is prohibited — including schools, airplanes and most workplaces. Hallett is worried that the legalization of pot could be used to erode those rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It starts with the premise of decriminalization, she says, and then, over time, there's \"a chipping away at strong policies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cannabis advocates want to see pot regulated like alcohol — cities would issue permits for specialized smoking lounges, similar to wine bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hallett points out that smoke drifts, and it affects workers in a way that alcohol doesn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The difference is, if I were to spill my beer on you in a bar, it wouldn't affect your long-term health,\" she says. \"If I choose to smoke, it can affect the health of the person near me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pot is more like tobacco in that respect, and Hallett believes it should be regulated that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says this era of California culture brings to mind a similar period in the 1970s and '80s, when Americans started demanding more regulations for secondhand smoke, and a new etiquette around smoking took form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to marijuana, Hallett says, \"it is \u003cem>still\u003c/em> polite for you to say: 'Would you mind not smoking around me?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.magnoliawellness.org/menu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Magnolia\u003c/a>, a cannabis dispensary in Oakland, Calif., pot smokers talk about what responsibilities — if any — they should have when it comes to nearby nonsmokers.[contextly_sidebar id=\"CIXiXPyRL9W3vNu1EFy9gUkuRjmKUj8z\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the first time that I have heard secondhand smoke in reference to cannabis,\" admits Lee Crow, a patient-services clerk at Magnolia. \"I've tried to be courteous — just common courtesy, like with anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dispensary's director of clinical services, \u003ca href=\"http://www.magnoliawellness.org/news/2016/5/19/meet-barbara-blaser-magnolias-director-of-clinical-wellness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Barbara Blaser\u003c/a>, admits she thinks a lot about secondhand smoke from cigarettes, but not pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Both of my parents died of lung cancer!\" she says. \"I will stop a stranger and say, 'You shouldn't be smoking. My dad died of that!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_64,_Marijuana_Legalization_(2016)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 64\u003c/a>, approved by state voters in 2016, requires that some of the state tax revenue from the sale of marijuana to be distributed to cannabis researchers. In addition, the state's Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board is examining workplace hazards that are specific to the cannabis industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR's reporting partnership, local member stations and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 KALW. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kalw.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KALW\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Are+There+Risks+From+Secondhand+Marijuana+Smoke%3F+Early+Science+Says+Yes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers warn that secondhand smoke from pot poses risks to the heart, lungs and arteries.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1521484122,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1406},"headData":{"title":"Are There Risks From Secondhand Marijuana Smoke? Early Science Says Yes | KQED","description":"Researchers warn that secondhand smoke from pot poses risks to the heart, lungs and arteries.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Are There Risks From Secondhand Marijuana Smoke? Early Science Says Yes","datePublished":"2018-03-19T18:28:42.000Z","dateModified":"2018-03-19T18:28:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"440287 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440287","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/19/are-there-risks-from-secondhand-marijuana-smoke-early-science-says-yes/","disqusTitle":"Are There Risks From Secondhand Marijuana Smoke? Early Science Says Yes","source":"Health","nprByline":"Marissa Ortega-Welch\u003cbr />NPR Shots","nprImageAgency":"Maren Caruso/Getty Images ","nprStoryId":"592873218","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=592873218&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/03/19/592873218/are-there-risks-from-secondhand-marijuana-smoke-early-science-says-yes?ft=nprml&f=592873218","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 19 Mar 2018 10:20:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 19 Mar 2018 05:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 19 Mar 2018 10:20:44 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/03/20180319_me_are_there_risks_from_secondhand_marijuana_smoke_early_science_says_yes.mp3?orgId=2&topicId=1128&d=216&p=3&story=592873218&ft=nprml&f=592873218","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1594839371-38825d.m3u?orgId=2&topicId=1128&d=216&p=3&story=592873218&ft=nprml&f=592873218","path":"/futureofyou/440287/are-there-risks-from-secondhand-marijuana-smoke-early-science-says-yes","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/03/20180319_me_are_there_risks_from_secondhand_marijuana_smoke_early_science_says_yes.mp3?orgId=2&topicId=1128&d=216&p=3&story=592873218&ft=nprml&f=592873218","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The inspiration arrived in a haze at a Paul McCartney concert a few years ago in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in front of me started lighting up and then other people started lighting up,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/matthew.springer#toc-id3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Matthew Springer\u003c/a>, a biologist and professor in the division of cardiology at the University of California, San Francisco. \"And for a few naive split seconds I was thinking to myself, 'Hey, they can't smoke in AT&T Park! I'm sure that's not allowed.' And then I realized that it was all marijuana.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recreational pot was not legal yet in the state, but that stopped no one. \"Paul McCartney actually stopped between numbers and sniffed the air and said, 'There's something in the air — must be San Francisco!' \" Springer recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the visible cloud of pot smoke took shape, so did Springer's idea to study the effects of secondhand marijuana smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started thinking: San Franciscans would \u003cem>never \u003c/em>tolerate those levels of cigarette smoke in a public place anymore. So why were they OK with smoke from burning pot? Did people just assume that cannabis smoke isn't harmful the way tobacco smoke is?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer was already researching the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/health_effects/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health effects of secondhand tobacco smoke\u003c/a> on rats at \u003ca href=\"http://cardiolab.ucsf.edu/molcardiolab/lab.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his lab\u003c/a> at UCSF. He decided to run the same tests using joints.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By the time I left the concert, I was resolved to at least try to make this happen,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knew it would be difficult. Marijuana is still an \u003ca href=\"https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/drug_data_sheets/Marijuana.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">illegal drug\u003c/a> under federal law, and Springer's research uses federal funds; so he has to purchase \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425757/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">specially approved\u003c/a> government cannabis for study. He also can't test it on humans; hence, the rats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lab, Springer puts a cigarette or a joint in a plexiglass box. Then he lights it, and lets the chamber fill with smoke, where an anesthetized rat is exposed to the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, Springer and his colleagues have published \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27464788\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> demonstrating that secondhand smoke makes it harder for the rats' arteries to expand and allow a healthy flow of blood.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With tobacco products, this effect lasts about 30 minutes, and then the arteries recover their normal function. But if it happens over and over — as when a person is smoking cigarette after cigarette, for example — the arterial walls can become permanently damaged, and that damage can cause blood clots, heart attack or stroke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer demonstrated that, at least in rats, the same physiological effect occurs after inhaling secondhand smoke from marijuana. And, the arteries take 90 minutes to recover compared to the 30 minutes with cigarette smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer's discovery about the effect on blood vessels describes just one harmful impact for nonsmokers who are exposed to marijuana. Statewide sampling surveys of cannabis products sold in marijuana dispensaries have shown that cannabis products may contain \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/health-and-medicine/article131391629.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dangerous bacteria or mold\u003c/a>, or residues from \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereyherald.com/article/NF/20170926/NEWS/170929857\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pesticides and solvents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law requires testing for these contaminants, and those regulations are being initiated in \u003ca href=\"http://bcc.ca.gov/about_us/documents/17-261_required_testing_chart.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three phases\u003c/a> over the course of 2018. Because much of the marijuana being sold now was harvested in 2017, consumers will have to wait until early 2019 before they can purchase products that have been fully tested according to state standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People think cannabis is fine because it's 'natural,' \" Springer says. \"I hear this a lot. I don't know what it means.\" He concedes that tightly regulated marijuana, which has been fully tested, doesn't have as many chemical additives as cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if the cannabis tests clean, Springer says, smoke itself is bad for the lungs, heart and blood vessels. Other researchers are exploring the possible relationship between marijuana smoke and long-term cancer risk.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certainly, living with a smoker is worse for your health than just going to a smoky concert hall. But, Springer says, the less you inhale any kind of smoke, the better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People should think of this not as an anti-THC conclusion,\" he says, referencing \u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/how-does-marijuana-produce-its-effects\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the active ingredient in marijuana\u003c/a>, \"but an anti-smoke conclusion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So is the solution simply to avoid smoke from combustion? In other words, is it safer to eat cannabis-infused products, or use \"smokeless\" e-cigarettes or vaping devices?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Springer still urges caution on that score because vaping, for example, can have its own health effects. Vaping devices don't produce smoke from combustion, but they do release a cloud of aerosolized chemicals. Springer is studying the health effects of those chemicals, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this research takes time. Meanwhile, Springer worries that people might come to the wrong conclusion — that the absence of research means the secondhand smoke is OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We in the public health community have been telling them for decades to avoid inhaling secondhand smoke from tobacco,\" Springer says. \"We have not been telling them to avoid inhaling secondhand smoke from marijuana, and that's not because it's not bad for you — it's because we just haven't known. The experiments haven't been done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antismoking campaigners say we can't afford to wait until the research is complete. Recreational pot is already \u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/gov-data/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a reality\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://nonsmokersrights.org/cynthia-hallett\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cynthia Hallett\u003c/a> is the president of Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights, based in Berkeley, Calif. The organization was established in 1976, before there was a lot known about the health effects of secondhand smoke from tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that cannabis is becoming more common across the country — more than 20 cities or states have legalized it in some form — her organization is taking on the issue of secondhand marijuana smoke, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hallett says some of the arguments being made in support of cannabis remind her of the arguments made on behalf of tobacco decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm seeing a parallel between this argument that, 'Gee, we just don't have a lot of science and so, therefore, let's wait and see,' \" Hallett says. \"The tobacco companies used to say the same thing about tobacco cigarettes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, smoking cannabis is prohibited anywhere tobacco smoking is prohibited — including schools, airplanes and most workplaces. Hallett is worried that the legalization of pot could be used to erode those rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It starts with the premise of decriminalization, she says, and then, over time, there's \"a chipping away at strong policies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cannabis advocates want to see pot regulated like alcohol — cities would issue permits for specialized smoking lounges, similar to wine bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hallett points out that smoke drifts, and it affects workers in a way that alcohol doesn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The difference is, if I were to spill my beer on you in a bar, it wouldn't affect your long-term health,\" she says. \"If I choose to smoke, it can affect the health of the person near me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pot is more like tobacco in that respect, and Hallett believes it should be regulated that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says this era of California culture brings to mind a similar period in the 1970s and '80s, when Americans started demanding more regulations for secondhand smoke, and a new etiquette around smoking took form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to marijuana, Hallett says, \"it is \u003cem>still\u003c/em> polite for you to say: 'Would you mind not smoking around me?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"http://www.magnoliawellness.org/menu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Magnolia\u003c/a>, a cannabis dispensary in Oakland, Calif., pot smokers talk about what responsibilities — if any — they should have when it comes to nearby nonsmokers.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the first time that I have heard secondhand smoke in reference to cannabis,\" admits Lee Crow, a patient-services clerk at Magnolia. \"I've tried to be courteous — just common courtesy, like with anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dispensary's director of clinical services, \u003ca href=\"http://www.magnoliawellness.org/news/2016/5/19/meet-barbara-blaser-magnolias-director-of-clinical-wellness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Barbara Blaser\u003c/a>, admits she thinks a lot about secondhand smoke from cigarettes, but not pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Both of my parents died of lung cancer!\" she says. \"I will stop a stranger and say, 'You shouldn't be smoking. My dad died of that!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_64,_Marijuana_Legalization_(2016)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 64\u003c/a>, approved by state voters in 2016, requires that some of the state tax revenue from the sale of marijuana to be distributed to cannabis researchers. In addition, the state's Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board is examining workplace hazards that are specific to the cannabis industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR's reporting partnership, local member stations and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 KALW. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kalw.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KALW\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Are+There+Risks+From+Secondhand+Marijuana+Smoke%3F+Early+Science+Says+Yes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/440287/are-there-risks-from-secondhand-marijuana-smoke-early-science-says-yes","authors":["byline_futureofyou_440287"],"series":["futureofyou_350"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_141","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_279","futureofyou_1041","futureofyou_1136"],"featImg":"futureofyou_440288","label":"source_futureofyou_440287"},"futureofyou_440080":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_440080","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"440080","score":null,"sort":[1520899794000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hearts-get-younger-even-at-middle-age-with-exercise","title":"Hearts Get 'Younger,' Even At Middle Age, With Exercise","publishDate":1520899794,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Eventually it happens to everyone. As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart becomes less flexible, more stiff and just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.218271/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">show up\u003c/a> in the 50s or early 60s. And among people who don't exercise, the underlying changes can start even sooner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The heart gets smaller — stiffer,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/14262/benjamin-levine.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Ben Levine\u003c/a>, a sports cardiologist at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and director of the Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, in Dallas.[contextly_sidebar id=\"UJp77wAYFxSsTskHzbjUfLZVQstMILpG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of the heart muscle as a rubber band, Levine says. In the beginning, the rubber band is flexible and pliable. But put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will emerge dry and brittle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's what happens to the heart and blood vessels,\" he says. And down the road, that sort of stiffness can get worse, he notes, leading to the breathlessness and other symptoms of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022300/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heart failure\u003c/a>, an inability of the heart to effectively pump blood to the lungs or throughout the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't been an avid exerciser, getting in shape now may head off that decline and help restore your aging heart. He and his colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2018/01/03/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> their recent findings in the American Heart Association's journal, \u003cem>Circulation\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts.'\u003ccite>Dr. Ben Levine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The research team recruited individuals between the ages of 45 and 64 who were mostly sedentary but otherwise healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dallas resident Mae Onsry, an accounts payable manager, was 62 at the time. Raising two children and working full time, she says, she never had the flexibility to fit in exercise, although she knew it was important for her health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have my hobbies,\" says Onsry, including ballroom dancing and gardening. But it was nothing routine, nothing \"disciplined,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when she saw a flyer about Levine's study, she signed up — along with 52 other volunteers — for a two-year study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Heart Health\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nParticipants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group engaged in a program of nonaerobic exercise — basic yoga, balance training and weight training — three times a week. The other group, which Onsry was in, was assigned a trainer and did moderate- to high-intensity aerobic exercise for four or more days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two years, the group doing the higher-intensity exercise saw dramatic improvements in heart health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts,\" says Levine. Their hearts processed oxygen more efficiently and were notably less stiff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter,\" he says, \"was because their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump a lot more blood during exercise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearts of those engaged in less intense routines didn't change, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key part of the effective exercise regimen was interval training, Levine says — short bursts of high-intensity exercise followed by a few minutes of rest. The study incorporated what are often referred to as \u003ca href=\"https://www.ntnu.edu/cerg/advice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4x4 intervals\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an old Norwegian ski team workout,\" Levine explains. \"It means four minutes at 95 percent of your maximal ability, followed by three minutes of active recovery, repeated four times.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-341841 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\">Pushing as hard as you can for four minutes stresses the heart, he explains, and forces it to function more efficiently. Repeating the intervals helps strengthen both the heart and the circulatory system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sweet spot in life to get off the couch and start exercising [if you haven't already] is in late middle age when the heart still has plasticity,\" Levine says. You may not be able to reverse the aging of the vessels if you wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all,\" Levine says. \"We could not change the structure of their heart and blood vessels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone considering beginning this, or a similarly strenuous exercise program, Levine says, should check with a doctor first and ask about individual health issues that might warrant a less intense program initially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mental Health\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor Onsry, who is now 65, the study was life changing. Today she exercises every day of the week, walking and jogging at least 5 miles around the lake near her home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she misses a day, she says, she just doesn't feel as good physically. And the regimen has helped her mental health, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not moody,\" she says. \"I mean — I'm happy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://nyulangone.org/doctors/1912084062/nieca-goldberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Nieca Goldberg\u003c/a>, a cardiologist and medical director of the Joan H. Tisch Center for Women's Health at NYU Langone Medical Center, and a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's research is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many studies that are done that look at [cardiovascular] health look at improvements in risk factors like high blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes,\" Goldberg says. \"But this study specifically looked at heart function — and how heart function can improve with exercise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldberg says the findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hearts+Get+%27Younger%2C%27+Even+At+Middle+Age%2C+With+Exercise&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For those in midlife, getting in shape now may head off decline and help restore an aging heart.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1547069061,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":929},"headData":{"title":"Hearts Get 'Younger,' Even At Middle Age, With Exercise | KQED","description":"For those in midlife, getting in shape now may head off decline and help restore an aging heart.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Hearts Get 'Younger,' Even At Middle Age, With Exercise","datePublished":"2018-03-13T00:09:54.000Z","dateModified":"2019-01-09T21:24:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"440080 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440080","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/12/hearts-get-younger-even-at-middle-age-with-exercise/","disqusTitle":"Hearts Get 'Younger,' Even At Middle Age, With Exercise","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Patti Neighmond, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Maria Fabrizio for NPR","nprStoryId":"591513777","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=591513777&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/03/12/591513777/hearts-get-younger-even-at-middle-age-with-exercise?ft=nprml&f=591513777","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 12 Mar 2018 16:06:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 12 Mar 2018 05:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 12 Mar 2018 16:06:17 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/03/20180312_me_hearts_gets_younger_even_at_middle_age_with_exercise.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=216&p=3&story=591513777&ft=nprml&f=591513777","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1592823667-03c52f.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=216&p=3&story=591513777&ft=nprml&f=591513777","audioTrackLength":217,"path":"/futureofyou/440080/hearts-get-younger-even-at-middle-age-with-exercise","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/03/20180312_me_hearts_gets_younger_even_at_middle_age_with_exercise.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=216&p=3&story=591513777&ft=nprml&f=591513777","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eventually it happens to everyone. As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart becomes less flexible, more stiff and just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.218271/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">show up\u003c/a> in the 50s or early 60s. And among people who don't exercise, the underlying changes can start even sooner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The heart gets smaller — stiffer,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/14262/benjamin-levine.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Ben Levine\u003c/a>, a sports cardiologist at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and director of the Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, in Dallas.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of the heart muscle as a rubber band, Levine says. In the beginning, the rubber band is flexible and pliable. But put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will emerge dry and brittle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's what happens to the heart and blood vessels,\" he says. And down the road, that sort of stiffness can get worse, he notes, leading to the breathlessness and other symptoms of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022300/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heart failure\u003c/a>, an inability of the heart to effectively pump blood to the lungs or throughout the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't been an avid exerciser, getting in shape now may head off that decline and help restore your aging heart. He and his colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2018/01/03/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> their recent findings in the American Heart Association's journal, \u003cem>Circulation\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts.'\u003ccite>Dr. Ben Levine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The research team recruited individuals between the ages of 45 and 64 who were mostly sedentary but otherwise healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dallas resident Mae Onsry, an accounts payable manager, was 62 at the time. Raising two children and working full time, she says, she never had the flexibility to fit in exercise, although she knew it was important for her health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have my hobbies,\" says Onsry, including ballroom dancing and gardening. But it was nothing routine, nothing \"disciplined,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when she saw a flyer about Levine's study, she signed up — along with 52 other volunteers — for a two-year study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Heart Health\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nParticipants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group engaged in a program of nonaerobic exercise — basic yoga, balance training and weight training — three times a week. The other group, which Onsry was in, was assigned a trainer and did moderate- to high-intensity aerobic exercise for four or more days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two years, the group doing the higher-intensity exercise saw dramatic improvements in heart health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts,\" says Levine. Their hearts processed oxygen more efficiently and were notably less stiff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter,\" he says, \"was because their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump a lot more blood during exercise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearts of those engaged in less intense routines didn't change, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key part of the effective exercise regimen was interval training, Levine says — short bursts of high-intensity exercise followed by a few minutes of rest. The study incorporated what are often referred to as \u003ca href=\"https://www.ntnu.edu/cerg/advice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4x4 intervals\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an old Norwegian ski team workout,\" Levine explains. \"It means four minutes at 95 percent of your maximal ability, followed by three minutes of active recovery, repeated four times.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-341841 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/heart-health_wide-0fa361079eb45d51ec02f0d7448db4e125b1bd9b-1-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\">Pushing as hard as you can for four minutes stresses the heart, he explains, and forces it to function more efficiently. Repeating the intervals helps strengthen both the heart and the circulatory system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sweet spot in life to get off the couch and start exercising [if you haven't already] is in late middle age when the heart still has plasticity,\" Levine says. You may not be able to reverse the aging of the vessels if you wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all,\" Levine says. \"We could not change the structure of their heart and blood vessels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone considering beginning this, or a similarly strenuous exercise program, Levine says, should check with a doctor first and ask about individual health issues that might warrant a less intense program initially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mental Health\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor Onsry, who is now 65, the study was life changing. Today she exercises every day of the week, walking and jogging at least 5 miles around the lake near her home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she misses a day, she says, she just doesn't feel as good physically. And the regimen has helped her mental health, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not moody,\" she says. \"I mean — I'm happy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://nyulangone.org/doctors/1912084062/nieca-goldberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Nieca Goldberg\u003c/a>, a cardiologist and medical director of the Joan H. Tisch Center for Women's Health at NYU Langone Medical Center, and a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's research is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many studies that are done that look at [cardiovascular] health look at improvements in risk factors like high blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes,\" Goldberg says. \"But this study specifically looked at heart function — and how heart function can improve with exercise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldberg says the findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hearts+Get+%27Younger%2C%27+Even+At+Middle+Age%2C+With+Exercise&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/440080/hearts-get-younger-even-at-middle-age-with-exercise","authors":["byline_futureofyou_440080"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_532","futureofyou_259","futureofyou_743","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_279","futureofyou_1640"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_440081","label":"source_futureofyou_440080"},"futureofyou_122997":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_122997","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"122997","score":null,"sort":[1457472351000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"new-cells-provide-hope-for-treating-heart-disease","title":"New Stem Cell Technique Could Be Game Changer for Heart Disease","publishDate":1457472351,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":54,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>San Francisco scientists have discovered a new technique that offers hope for treating heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a person has a heart attack, billions of heart cells can die. Replacing or regenerating those lost cells has stumped doctors for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists have tried for decades to treat heart failure by transplanting adult heart cells, but these cells cannot reproduce themselves, and so they do not survive in the damaged heart,\" explained biologist Yu Zhang, lead author on a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell-reports/abstract/S2211-1247%2814%2900072-2\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a>, published in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/home\" target=\"_blank\">Cell Stem Cell\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhang is part of a team of researchers at the \u003ca href=\"https://gladstone.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Gladstone Institutes \u003c/a>who manufactured a new type of stem cell that is in between an embryonic stem cell and an adult heart cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists created a pharmaceutical cocktail of various drugs. They used the recipe to reprogram a type of skin cell to return it to an earlier state. In other words, the special brew reversed the cells' development and stopped them from growing up, essentially creating teenage cells (technically \u003cem>induced expandable cardiovascular progenitor cells\u003c/em> (ieCPCs) that are suspended in adolescence. (Wouldn't \u003cem>that\u003c/em> be a parental nightmare.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When these teenage cells were injected into a mouse heart, after a heart attack, 90 percent of them transformed successfully into functioning heart cells. That means they started beating in the same rhythm with existing cells and created new blood vessels. The damaged heart improved and became stronger. The benefits to the mice lasted for at least three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cardiac progenitor cells could be ideal for heart regeneration,” said senior author Sheng Ding, a chemist and senior investigator at Gladstone. “They are the closest precursor to functional heart cells, and, in a single step, they can rapidly and efficiently become heart cells, both in a dish and in a live heart. With our new technology, we can quickly create billions of these cells in a dish and then transplant them into damaged hearts to treat heart failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is whether these progenitor cells will work in humans as well as in mice. Ding says his team has already started experiments on human cells, and the preliminary results are promising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillip Yang, associate professor of cardiology at Stanford University, shares Ding’s enthusiasm, but offers a slight caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The study is a tremendous step in the field, but more definitive studies are needed to check the robustness of the method.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sean Wu, clinical cardiologist at Stanford University, agrees that more research is needed. “As a part of the scientific process, it would be important to have these reported findings be replicated and even better, further extended by an independent lab.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yang and Wu say the ultimate question is clinical effectiveness. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gladstone researchers estimate human clinical trials are at least three to five years away. Wu estimates that'll be closer to 10 to 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers may have found a way to regrow cells in a diseased heart.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457543034,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":483},"headData":{"title":"New Stem Cell Technique Could Be Game Changer for Heart Disease | KQED","description":"Researchers may have found a way to regrow cells in a diseased heart.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"New Stem Cell Technique Could Be Game Changer for Heart Disease","datePublished":"2016-03-08T21:25:51.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T17:03:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"122997 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=122997","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/08/new-cells-provide-hope-for-treating-heart-disease/","disqusTitle":"New Stem Cell Technique Could Be Game Changer for Heart Disease","nprByline":"Lesley McClurg","path":"/futureofyou/122997/new-cells-provide-hope-for-treating-heart-disease","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco scientists have discovered a new technique that offers hope for treating heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a person has a heart attack, billions of heart cells can die. Replacing or regenerating those lost cells has stumped doctors for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists have tried for decades to treat heart failure by transplanting adult heart cells, but these cells cannot reproduce themselves, and so they do not survive in the damaged heart,\" explained biologist Yu Zhang, lead author on a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell-reports/abstract/S2211-1247%2814%2900072-2\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a>, published in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/home\" target=\"_blank\">Cell Stem Cell\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhang is part of a team of researchers at the \u003ca href=\"https://gladstone.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Gladstone Institutes \u003c/a>who manufactured a new type of stem cell that is in between an embryonic stem cell and an adult heart cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists created a pharmaceutical cocktail of various drugs. They used the recipe to reprogram a type of skin cell to return it to an earlier state. In other words, the special brew reversed the cells' development and stopped them from growing up, essentially creating teenage cells (technically \u003cem>induced expandable cardiovascular progenitor cells\u003c/em> (ieCPCs) that are suspended in adolescence. (Wouldn't \u003cem>that\u003c/em> be a parental nightmare.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When these teenage cells were injected into a mouse heart, after a heart attack, 90 percent of them transformed successfully into functioning heart cells. That means they started beating in the same rhythm with existing cells and created new blood vessels. The damaged heart improved and became stronger. The benefits to the mice lasted for at least three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cardiac progenitor cells could be ideal for heart regeneration,” said senior author Sheng Ding, a chemist and senior investigator at Gladstone. “They are the closest precursor to functional heart cells, and, in a single step, they can rapidly and efficiently become heart cells, both in a dish and in a live heart. With our new technology, we can quickly create billions of these cells in a dish and then transplant them into damaged hearts to treat heart failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is whether these progenitor cells will work in humans as well as in mice. Ding says his team has already started experiments on human cells, and the preliminary results are promising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillip Yang, associate professor of cardiology at Stanford University, shares Ding’s enthusiasm, but offers a slight caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The study is a tremendous step in the field, but more definitive studies are needed to check the robustness of the method.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sean Wu, clinical cardiologist at Stanford University, agrees that more research is needed. “As a part of the scientific process, it would be important to have these reported findings be replicated and even better, further extended by an independent lab.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yang and Wu say the ultimate question is clinical effectiveness. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gladstone researchers estimate human clinical trials are at least three to five years away. Wu estimates that'll be closer to 10 to 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/122997/new-cells-provide-hope-for-treating-heart-disease","authors":["byline_futureofyou_122997"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_66","futureofyou_279","futureofyou_680"],"featImg":"futureofyou_123032","label":"futureofyou_54"},"futureofyou_13130":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_13130","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"13130","score":null,"sort":[1436895286000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-scientists-develop-mini-human-heart-chamber-in-a-dish","title":"Bay Area Scientists Develop Mini Human Heart Chamber in a Dish","publishDate":1436895286,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Bay Area scientists have developed a new method to test drugs that are likely to be dangerous for pregnant women and cause heart defects in the fetus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from UC Berkeley and the Gladstone Institutes, an affiliate of the University of California, San Francisco, grew beating heart tissue from stem cells -- essentially a mini human heart chamber in a dish. Stem cells have the potential to become any type of cell in the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers intend to use the system to screen medications intended for pregnant women to detect whether they will likely do any harm to the fetus. Among the most commonly-reported birth defects involve the heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birth defects affect three percent of babies born in the United States every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Birth defects are one of the most common causes of infant deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Watch the video below for a demo.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, scientists in the UK developed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/02/stem-cell-research-heart-disease-long-qt\">similar model\u003c/a> to convert skin cells into beating heart cells in a petri dish. Previously, doctors would have needed to surgically remove heart tissue from patients to test new treatments, which is invasive and not practical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still early days for the technology, but the Gladstone Institutes' Dr. Bruce Conklin said the researchers have already tested whether the system could detect any problems with the drug Thalidomide. Thalidomide was prescribed widely in the 1960s for morning sickness but was later withdrawn for causing thousands of birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system proved effective in this early experiment. Normal doses of the drug led to myriad problems, such as lower heart beat rate, compared with heart tissue that had not been exposed to the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thalidomide was tested in animals,\" said Dr. Conklin, whose research specializes in human genetics that lead to cardiovascular diseases. \"If they had a human model system in the 1960s, they could have caught it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Thalidomide disaster, Dr. Conklin said it has been very difficult for pharmaceutical companies to get drugs approved for pregnant women. \"They are so cautious,\" he said. But artificially grown, in vitro, miniature organs -- known as \"organoids\" -- could prove effective as a means to test drugs for potential birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say that this technology may replace animal models. Today, researchers will dissect animals at different stages of development to study how organs form. But one of the many drawbacks to testing on animals is that a mouse or pig may respond differently to a drug than a human subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, the researchers say the technology can be adapted to other human organs. Dr. Conklin said he expects that a similar model will benefit cancer patients, who experience cardiac issues as a side effect of medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of their research were published this week in the science journal \u003cem>Nature Communications\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18-qE1s-Kys]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Bay Area scientists have developed a human heart chamber out of stem cells to test drugs for pregnant women.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477280926,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":503},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Scientists Develop Mini Human Heart Chamber in a Dish | KQED","description":"Bay Area scientists have developed a human heart chamber out of stem cells to test drugs for pregnant women.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Bay Area Scientists Develop Mini Human Heart Chamber in a Dish","datePublished":"2015-07-14T17:34:46.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T03:48:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"13130 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=13130","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/07/14/bay-area-scientists-develop-mini-human-heart-chamber-in-a-dish/","disqusTitle":"Bay Area Scientists Develop Mini Human Heart Chamber in a Dish","path":"/futureofyou/13130/bay-area-scientists-develop-mini-human-heart-chamber-in-a-dish","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bay Area scientists have developed a new method to test drugs that are likely to be dangerous for pregnant women and cause heart defects in the fetus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from UC Berkeley and the Gladstone Institutes, an affiliate of the University of California, San Francisco, grew beating heart tissue from stem cells -- essentially a mini human heart chamber in a dish. Stem cells have the potential to become any type of cell in the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers intend to use the system to screen medications intended for pregnant women to detect whether they will likely do any harm to the fetus. Among the most commonly-reported birth defects involve the heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birth defects affect three percent of babies born in the United States every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Birth defects are one of the most common causes of infant deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Watch the video below for a demo.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, scientists in the UK developed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/02/stem-cell-research-heart-disease-long-qt\">similar model\u003c/a> to convert skin cells into beating heart cells in a petri dish. Previously, doctors would have needed to surgically remove heart tissue from patients to test new treatments, which is invasive and not practical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still early days for the technology, but the Gladstone Institutes' Dr. Bruce Conklin said the researchers have already tested whether the system could detect any problems with the drug Thalidomide. Thalidomide was prescribed widely in the 1960s for morning sickness but was later withdrawn for causing thousands of birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system proved effective in this early experiment. Normal doses of the drug led to myriad problems, such as lower heart beat rate, compared with heart tissue that had not been exposed to the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thalidomide was tested in animals,\" said Dr. Conklin, whose research specializes in human genetics that lead to cardiovascular diseases. \"If they had a human model system in the 1960s, they could have caught it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Thalidomide disaster, Dr. Conklin said it has been very difficult for pharmaceutical companies to get drugs approved for pregnant women. \"They are so cautious,\" he said. But artificially grown, in vitro, miniature organs -- known as \"organoids\" -- could prove effective as a means to test drugs for potential birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say that this technology may replace animal models. Today, researchers will dissect animals at different stages of development to study how organs form. But one of the many drawbacks to testing on animals is that a mouse or pig may respond differently to a drug than a human subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, the researchers say the technology can be adapted to other human organs. Dr. Conklin said he expects that a similar model will benefit cancer patients, who experience cardiac issues as a side effect of medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of their research were published this week in the science journal \u003cem>Nature Communications\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/18-qE1s-Kys'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/18-qE1s-Kys'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/13130/bay-area-scientists-develop-mini-human-heart-chamber-in-a-dish","authors":["3252"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062"],"tags":["futureofyou_519","futureofyou_138","futureofyou_66","futureofyou_279","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_520","futureofyou_113"],"featImg":"futureofyou_13148","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_3250":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_3250","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"3250","score":null,"sort":[1432230515000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"your-heart-in-3d-surgeons-can-now-practice-on-a-simulation","title":"Your Heart in 3D: Surgeons Can Now Practice on a Simulation","publishDate":1432230515,"format":"image","headTitle":"Heart health | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":350,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>How can you distinguish between a good surgeon and an exceptional surgeon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to some medical experts, it's that all-too-rare ability to visualize a human organ in three dimensions from little more than a scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The handful of the top surgeons in the world are like sculptors,\" said Dr. Deepak Srivastava, a director at the \u003ca href=\"http://gladstoneinstitutes.org/\">Gladstone Institute\u003c/a> of Cardiovascular Disease in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When cardiovascular surgeons go in to repair a defect in the heart, their success is so often dependent on an ability to \u003cem>see\u003c/em> the anatomy in 3-D in their minds,\" said Srivastava. \"That's more difficult for younger, less experienced surgeons.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent advancements in the field of computational modeling may level the playing field in the coming years, particularly for heart surgeons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such technology comes from \u003ca href=\"http://www.3ds.com/\">Dassault Systèmes\u003c/a>, a French company that specializes in 3-D design software to help engineers that build cars and planes avoid potentially-fatal outcomes. So why not surgeons and medical researchers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, Dassault released its highly-realistic digital model of the human heart, which it calls the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/solutions/life-sciences/the-living-heart-project\">Living Heart Project\u003c/a>.\" Doctors \u003ca href=\"http://www.betaboston.com/news/2015/05/06/living-heart-project-brings-a-beat-to-3-d/\">wear special 3-D glasses and use a joystick\u003c/a> to zoom in to a ventricle or valve, while listening to every heartbeat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that universities and medical device makers will use the simulation to come up with new personalized treatments for common heart diseases and potentially improve surgical outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We take a [patient's] scan, reconstruct it into a 3-D model, and test all the possibilities before a heart surgery,\" said Dr. Steve Levine, chief strategy officer and director for the Living Heart Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3260\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-3260\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-800x584.jpg\" alt=\"Dassault has developed a digital model of a human heart\" width=\"800\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-800x584.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-400x292.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-1180x862.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-960x701.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3.jpg 1406w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dassault has developed a digital model of a human heart \u003ccite>(Dassault Systèmes)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For now, the company is focusing its attention on simulating the heart, as opposed to other organs. That's because heart disease is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm\">leading cause of death \u003c/a>in the United States, and accounts for one in every four deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some hospitals are already using the design software to simulate the effects of routine medical procedures or experiment with solutions to common problems, like heart attacks. In the future, surgeons may leverage computational models before selecting a therapy or drug for individual patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dassault hopes that medical device makers will also use the Living Heart Project's technology for research and development. It may help these companies pinpoint which new ideas are likely to prove effective, and whether it's worth the investment in clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The software is available for free to organizations that agree to conduct research and share its findings with the project. Otherwise, its licenses start at $15,000 per year for commercial use, with educational licenses starting at $500 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recruiting Partners in Health Care \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Dassault is a $3 billion company few people have heard of,\" said Levine, who spoke with\u003cem> KQED \u003c/em>during a recent trip to Europe. \"We operate in the background.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Dassault's executive team has re-focused the company on sectors outside of heavy manufacturing. Levine refers to this new approach as \"modeling life and nature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Living Heart Project, Levine's team put out calls to researchers at some of the top hospitals around the world to share their findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, it has recruited 45 \"members\" or partners from the scientific community, who were independently researching cardiac disease or a function of the heart. Researchers from the Mayo Clinic, Stanford University and the University of Oxford,\u003ca href=\"http://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/solutions/life-sciences/the-living-heart-project\"> among others,\u003c/a> have opted to test-drive the simulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company consolidated the research and used its engineering know-how to build a simulation of a baseline human heart. Now, the company can turn a 2-D scan, from an individual patient, and convert it into a 3-D model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine said federal regulators initially wanted to take a 'watch and wait' approach when informed about the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I told them [the U.S. Food and Drug Administration], you can't sit on the sidelines as non-participants. You have to get involved.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the agency agreed to collaborate with Dassault on a five-year research project, which will focus on testing the reliability of pacemaker leads (the thin wires that carry an electrical impulse from the device to the heart.) But the agency stressed that it will not necessarily endorse any of the computational models that are developed as part of the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA expects that doctors will someday use simulation technology for planning purposes \u003cem>and\u003c/em> clinical decision-making. But it's still early days, so the agency cautioned doctors to invest resources into assessing the credibility of these new technologies and their potential drawbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"Challenges to greater adoption of computer-modeling include a lack of data for some medical conditions, which makes realistic predictions difficult,\" said \u003c/span>Donna Lochner, a \u003cspan class=\"s1\">senior scientific advisor in the FDA's Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-3270\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-800x343.jpg\" alt=\"Zooming in on the simulation \" width=\"800\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-800x343.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-400x171.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-960x412.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zooming in on the Living Heart Project simulation \u003ccite>(Living Heart Project )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Hammer Looking for a Nail?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the University of California, San Francisco, a team of researchers in the cardiology division are hoping to use the Living Heart Project for one purpose in particular: Determining the optimal time for a patients' valve replacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surgeons have to strike the right balance between swapping out a valve at the end of its life-cycle, but not leaving it so late that the heart function deteriorates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jeffrey Olgin, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsfhealth.org/jeffrey.olgin\">the division's chief\u003c/a>, has been closely following the team's progress. But he is far from convinced that the Living Heart Project will fundamentally transform how we perform surgeries today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He asked, \"Is this a hammer looking for a nail? Or will this change how we practice medicine?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olgin said the Living Heart Project may be no more than a technological solution looking for a problem, but it's too soon to tell. He hasn't seen a convincing study yet that proves the simulation can improve patient outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike manmade objects like cars and planes, it's very difficult to predict how the human heart will respond to stress in the real world. Olgin said he fears that doctors would come to rely too heavily on this technology and medical device makers could pull the plug on promising research if the simulation shows a negative result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The technology doesn't offer the same level of evidence as [medical research on] animals or small pilot human trials,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, the human body doesn't always follow the rules of physics.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrktVIFLqXI&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The \"Living Heart Project\" lets doctors take a virtual tour of the human heart to simulate the effects of common medical procedures. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477282775,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1168},"headData":{"title":"Your Heart in 3D: Surgeons Can Now Practice on a Simulation | KQED","description":"The "Living Heart Project" lets doctors take a virtual tour of the human heart to simulate the effects of common medical procedures. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Your Heart in 3D: Surgeons Can Now Practice on a Simulation","datePublished":"2015-05-21T17:48:35.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T04:19:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"3250 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=3250","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/21/your-heart-in-3d-surgeons-can-now-practice-on-a-simulation/","disqusTitle":"Your Heart in 3D: Surgeons Can Now Practice on a Simulation","path":"/futureofyou/3250/your-heart-in-3d-surgeons-can-now-practice-on-a-simulation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>How can you distinguish between a good surgeon and an exceptional surgeon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to some medical experts, it's that all-too-rare ability to visualize a human organ in three dimensions from little more than a scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The handful of the top surgeons in the world are like sculptors,\" said Dr. Deepak Srivastava, a director at the \u003ca href=\"http://gladstoneinstitutes.org/\">Gladstone Institute\u003c/a> of Cardiovascular Disease in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When cardiovascular surgeons go in to repair a defect in the heart, their success is so often dependent on an ability to \u003cem>see\u003c/em> the anatomy in 3-D in their minds,\" said Srivastava. \"That's more difficult for younger, less experienced surgeons.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent advancements in the field of computational modeling may level the playing field in the coming years, particularly for heart surgeons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such technology comes from \u003ca href=\"http://www.3ds.com/\">Dassault Systèmes\u003c/a>, a French company that specializes in 3-D design software to help engineers that build cars and planes avoid potentially-fatal outcomes. So why not surgeons and medical researchers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, Dassault released its highly-realistic digital model of the human heart, which it calls the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/solutions/life-sciences/the-living-heart-project\">Living Heart Project\u003c/a>.\" Doctors \u003ca href=\"http://www.betaboston.com/news/2015/05/06/living-heart-project-brings-a-beat-to-3-d/\">wear special 3-D glasses and use a joystick\u003c/a> to zoom in to a ventricle or valve, while listening to every heartbeat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that universities and medical device makers will use the simulation to come up with new personalized treatments for common heart diseases and potentially improve surgical outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We take a [patient's] scan, reconstruct it into a 3-D model, and test all the possibilities before a heart surgery,\" said Dr. Steve Levine, chief strategy officer and director for the Living Heart Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3260\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-3260\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-800x584.jpg\" alt=\"Dassault has developed a digital model of a human heart\" width=\"800\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-800x584.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-400x292.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-1180x862.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3-960x701.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Full_Heart_3.jpg 1406w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dassault has developed a digital model of a human heart \u003ccite>(Dassault Systèmes)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For now, the company is focusing its attention on simulating the heart, as opposed to other organs. That's because heart disease is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm\">leading cause of death \u003c/a>in the United States, and accounts for one in every four deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some hospitals are already using the design software to simulate the effects of routine medical procedures or experiment with solutions to common problems, like heart attacks. In the future, surgeons may leverage computational models before selecting a therapy or drug for individual patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dassault hopes that medical device makers will also use the Living Heart Project's technology for research and development. It may help these companies pinpoint which new ideas are likely to prove effective, and whether it's worth the investment in clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The software is available for free to organizations that agree to conduct research and share its findings with the project. Otherwise, its licenses start at $15,000 per year for commercial use, with educational licenses starting at $500 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recruiting Partners in Health Care \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Dassault is a $3 billion company few people have heard of,\" said Levine, who spoke with\u003cem> KQED \u003c/em>during a recent trip to Europe. \"We operate in the background.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Dassault's executive team has re-focused the company on sectors outside of heavy manufacturing. Levine refers to this new approach as \"modeling life and nature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Living Heart Project, Levine's team put out calls to researchers at some of the top hospitals around the world to share their findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, it has recruited 45 \"members\" or partners from the scientific community, who were independently researching cardiac disease or a function of the heart. Researchers from the Mayo Clinic, Stanford University and the University of Oxford,\u003ca href=\"http://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/solutions/life-sciences/the-living-heart-project\"> among others,\u003c/a> have opted to test-drive the simulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company consolidated the research and used its engineering know-how to build a simulation of a baseline human heart. Now, the company can turn a 2-D scan, from an individual patient, and convert it into a 3-D model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine said federal regulators initially wanted to take a 'watch and wait' approach when informed about the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I told them [the U.S. Food and Drug Administration], you can't sit on the sidelines as non-participants. You have to get involved.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the agency agreed to collaborate with Dassault on a five-year research project, which will focus on testing the reliability of pacemaker leads (the thin wires that carry an electrical impulse from the device to the heart.) But the agency stressed that it will not necessarily endorse any of the computational models that are developed as part of the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA expects that doctors will someday use simulation technology for planning purposes \u003cem>and\u003c/em> clinical decision-making. But it's still early days, so the agency cautioned doctors to invest resources into assessing the credibility of these new technologies and their potential drawbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"Challenges to greater adoption of computer-modeling include a lack of data for some medical conditions, which makes realistic predictions difficult,\" said \u003c/span>Donna Lochner, a \u003cspan class=\"s1\">senior scientific advisor in the FDA's Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_3270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-3270\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-800x343.jpg\" alt=\"Zooming in on the simulation \" width=\"800\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-800x343.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-400x171.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs-960x412.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/R2a3qFBWFzTN_0SEteF8HZmAhXEjJfJIP_9jdFW-ENsRapjCAjUtYflRhbPEAF5l5QYd8GvB5ytxiAGY01bnHEP-k18sMTqa81bonPm62tYAKQkuz_PdYpRcO5E0gkwDs.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zooming in on the Living Heart Project simulation \u003ccite>(Living Heart Project )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Hammer Looking for a Nail?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the University of California, San Francisco, a team of researchers in the cardiology division are hoping to use the Living Heart Project for one purpose in particular: Determining the optimal time for a patients' valve replacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surgeons have to strike the right balance between swapping out a valve at the end of its life-cycle, but not leaving it so late that the heart function deteriorates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jeffrey Olgin, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsfhealth.org/jeffrey.olgin\">the division's chief\u003c/a>, has been closely following the team's progress. But he is far from convinced that the Living Heart Project will fundamentally transform how we perform surgeries today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He asked, \"Is this a hammer looking for a nail? Or will this change how we practice medicine?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olgin said the Living Heart Project may be no more than a technological solution looking for a problem, but it's too soon to tell. He hasn't seen a convincing study yet that proves the simulation can improve patient outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike manmade objects like cars and planes, it's very difficult to predict how the human heart will respond to stress in the real world. Olgin said he fears that doctors would come to rely too heavily on this technology and medical device makers could pull the plug on promising research if the simulation shows a negative result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The technology doesn't offer the same level of evidence as [medical research on] animals or small pilot human trials,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, the human body doesn't always follow the rules of physics.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/RrktVIFLqXI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/RrktVIFLqXI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/3250/your-heart-in-3d-surgeons-can-now-practice-on-a-simulation","authors":["3252"],"series":["futureofyou_350"],"categories":["futureofyou_1063"],"tags":["futureofyou_353","futureofyou_741","futureofyou_354","futureofyou_66","futureofyou_279","futureofyou_356","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_351","futureofyou_294","futureofyou_352","futureofyou_355","futureofyou_113"],"featImg":"futureofyou_3269","label":"futureofyou_350"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Says-You-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-News-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Selected-Shorts-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Takeaway-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Truth-Be-Told-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/World-Affairs-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg ","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/White-Lies-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":182188,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"May 2, 2024","timeUpdated":"9:31 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38492,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30261,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30256,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14677,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12383,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11386,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5814,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1652,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-05-02T14:15:13.232Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"May 2, 2024","timeUpdated":"7:13 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-05-02T14:13:20.724Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"May 4, 2024 10:45 PM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":200601,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200601}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":240853,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":133009},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107844}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33580,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6943},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26637}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":26072,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7521},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13338},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5213}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":30864,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9989},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20875}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":41038,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":41038}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":31034,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":31034}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":57007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22400},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34607}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":81059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13518},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27597},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16783},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7520},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1240},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3419},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7428},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3249}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":134340,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15723},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22454},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30343},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23833},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7468},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34519}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":59227,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59227}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282335,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167903},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114432}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282683,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182200},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100483}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":79797,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59852},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19945}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":22692,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5412}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":4855,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3673},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1182}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":5898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4651},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1247}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33331,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29418},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":21929,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14151},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7778}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":12338,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7784},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4554}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":45776,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45776}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":25120,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25120}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":37045,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14338},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5683},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12993},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4031}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":11513,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7554},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3959}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17971,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10397},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7574}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":9230,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6917},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2313}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":6007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4052},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":5356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2379},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2977}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":108919,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108919}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":29650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20353},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9297}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22725,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5730},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10358},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1268},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3460}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":19937,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19937}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":12234,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8543},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3691}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1392,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":910},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":482}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":11548,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7067},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4481}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":9938,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6283},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":301953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142549},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52147},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107257}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":44059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10519},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2394},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12794},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14031},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4321}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":42549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42549}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":88712,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37172},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21962},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6164},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17892},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5522}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":167064,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144701},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22363}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14131,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4950},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2719},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14322,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5931},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8391}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":25108,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9875},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8695}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":21462,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6982},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8466},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5513},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":501}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22799,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8805},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8354},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20315,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13735}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20567,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5680},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14887}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14656,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10261},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4395}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":81709,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36844},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44865}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":13786,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6401},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7385}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":19903,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10951},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3135},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5817}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17888,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11210},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10136,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7869},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2267}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10164,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2829}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10112,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6316},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":115405,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79498},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35907}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":86789,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86789}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":117990,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42236},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75754}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":30348,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23958},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6390}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":16312,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11346},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4966}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":23356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23356}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":13756,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10320},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":24877,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15795},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9082}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":1925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1089},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":836}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":11133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7622},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3511}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":14577,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8668},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5909}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":145261,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89646},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55615}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/futureofyou?tag=heart":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":true,"total":10,"items":["futureofyou_445294","futureofyou_444164","futureofyou_443977","futureofyou_443813","futureofyou_440287","futureofyou_440080","futureofyou_122997","futureofyou_13130","futureofyou_3250"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"pfsSessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou_279":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_279","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"279","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"heart","slug":"heart","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"heart Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":279,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/heart"},"source_futureofyou_445294":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_445294","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Health","isLoading":false},"source_futureofyou_444164":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_444164","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Health","isLoading":false},"source_futureofyou_443977":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_443977","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Health","isLoading":false},"source_futureofyou_443813":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_443813","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Health","isLoading":false},"source_futureofyou_440287":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_440287","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Health","isLoading":false},"source_futureofyou_440080":{"type":"terms","id":"source_futureofyou_440080","meta":{"override":true},"name":"DIY Health","isLoading":false},"futureofyou_73":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_73","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"73","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"KQED News","slug":"kqed-news","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"KQED News Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":73,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/kqed-news"},"futureofyou_1592":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1592","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1592","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"cardiac","slug":"cardiac","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"cardiac Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1592,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/cardiac"},"futureofyou_61":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_61","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"61","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Health","slug":"health","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":61,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/health"},"futureofyou_775":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_775","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"775","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"medical research","slug":"medical-research","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"medical research Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":775,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/medical-research"},"futureofyou_680":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_680","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"680","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"stem cells","slug":"stem-cells","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"stem cells Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":680,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/stem-cells"},"futureofyou_350":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_350","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"350","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Heart health","slug":"heart-health","taxonomy":"series","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Heart health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":350,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/series/heart-health"},"futureofyou_1062":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1062","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1062","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Hope/Hype","slug":"hopehype","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1062,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/hopehype"},"futureofyou_1":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"KQED Future Of You","slug":"future-of-you","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"KQED Future Of You Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/future-of-you"},"futureofyou_103":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_103","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"103","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"cancer","slug":"cancer","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"cancer Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":103,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/cancer"},"futureofyou_952":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_952","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"952","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"drugs","slug":"drugs","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"drugs Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":952,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/drugs"},"futureofyou_38":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_38","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"38","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"FDA","slug":"fda","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"FDA Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":38,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/fda"},"futureofyou_1060":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1060","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1060","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"DIY Health","slug":"diy-health","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"DIY Health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1060,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/diy-health"},"futureofyou_1064":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1064","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1064","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Your Genes","slug":"your-genes","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Your Genes Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1064,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/your-genes"},"futureofyou_17":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_17","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"17","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"DNA","slug":"dna","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"DNA Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":17,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/dna"},"futureofyou_324":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_324","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"324","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"genes","slug":"genes","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"genes Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":324,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/genes"},"futureofyou_1093":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1093","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1093","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"DIY Health","slug":"diy-health","taxonomy":"collection","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"DIY Health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1093,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/collection/diy-health"},"futureofyou_1094":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1094","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1094","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Your Genes","slug":"your-genes","taxonomy":"collection","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Your Genes Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1094,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/collection/your-genes"},"futureofyou_219":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_219","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"219","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Women's Health","slug":"womens-health","taxonomy":"series","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Women's Health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":219,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/series/womens-health"},"futureofyou_190":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_190","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"190","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"doctors","slug":"doctors","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"doctors Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":190,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/doctors"},"futureofyou_215":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_215","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"215","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"women","slug":"women","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"women Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":215,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/women"},"futureofyou_141":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_141","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"141","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"disease","slug":"disease","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"disease Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":141,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/disease"},"futureofyou_1041":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1041","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1041","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Marijuana","slug":"marijuana","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Marijuana Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1041,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/marijuana"},"futureofyou_1136":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1136","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1136","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"smoking","slug":"smoking","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"smoking Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1136,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/smoking"},"futureofyou_532":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_532","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"532","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Aging","slug":"aging","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Aging Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":532,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/aging"},"futureofyou_259":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_259","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"259","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"doctor","slug":"doctor","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"doctor Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":259,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/doctor"},"futureofyou_743":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_743","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"743","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"exercise","slug":"exercise","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"exercise Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":743,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/exercise"},"futureofyou_1640":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1640","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1640","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"newyearsresolve","slug":"newyearsresolve","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"newyearsresolve Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1640,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/newyearsresolve"},"futureofyou_54":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_54","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"54","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Future of You","slug":"future-of-you","taxonomy":"program","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Future of You Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":54,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/program/future-of-you"},"futureofyou_452":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_452","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"452","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Health Policy","slug":"health-policy","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Health Policy Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":452,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/health-policy"},"futureofyou_66":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_66","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"66","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Gladstone","slug":"gladstone","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Gladstone Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":66,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/gladstone"},"futureofyou_519":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_519","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"519","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"dish","slug":"dish","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"dish Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":519,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/dish"},"futureofyou_138":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_138","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"138","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"futureofyou Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":138,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/futureofyou"},"futureofyou_80":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_80","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"80","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"kqedscience","slug":"kqedscience","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"kqedscience Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":80,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/kqedscience"},"futureofyou_520":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_520","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"520","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"pregnancy","slug":"pregnancy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"pregnancy Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":520,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/pregnancy"},"futureofyou_113":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_113","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"113","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"ucsf","slug":"ucsf","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"ucsf Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":113,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/ucsf"},"futureofyou_1063":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_1063","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"1063","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Virtual Reality","slug":"virtual-reality","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Virtual Reality Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1063,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/category/virtual-reality"},"futureofyou_353":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_353","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"353","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"3-D","slug":"3-d","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"3-D Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":353,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/3-d"},"futureofyou_741":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_741","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"741","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"cardiology","slug":"cardiology","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"cardiology Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":741,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/cardiology"},"futureofyou_354":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_354","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"354","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Dassault","slug":"dassault","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Dassault Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":354,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/dassault"},"futureofyou_356":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_356","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"356","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Jeffrey Olgin","slug":"jeffrey-olgin","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Jeffrey Olgin Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":356,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/jeffrey-olgin"},"futureofyou_351":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_351","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"351","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"living heart project","slug":"living-heart-project","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"living heart project Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":351,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/living-heart-project"},"futureofyou_294":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_294","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"294","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"research","slug":"research","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"research Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":294,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/research"},"futureofyou_352":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_352","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"352","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"simulation","slug":"simulation","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"simulation Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":352,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/simulation"},"futureofyou_355":{"type":"terms","id":"futureofyou_355","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"futureofyou","id":"355","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Steve Levine","slug":"steve-levine","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Steve Levine Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":355,"isLoading":false,"link":"/futureofyou/tag/steve-levine"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"reframeReducer":{"attendee":null},"location":{"pathname":"/futureofyou/tag/heart","previousPathname":"/"}}