A Quarter of California Adolescents May Be 'Gender Nonconforming.' So What Does That Mean?
Boy? Girl? Both? Neither? A New Generation Overthrows Gender
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Jon is also a playwright whose work has been produced in San Francisco, New York, Italy, and around the U.S. He has written about film for his own blog and studied film at Boston University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"jbrooksfoy","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["Contributor","editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["author"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jon Brooks | KQED","description":"Digital Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jbrooks"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"futureofyou_440766":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_440766","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"440766","score":null,"sort":[1523559658000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"male-ob-gyns-are-rare-but-is-that-a-problem","title":"Male OB-GYNs Are Rare, But Is That A Problem?","publishDate":1523559658,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>As she leaves a 12-hour-day on the labor and delivery shift, Dr. Katie Merriam turns off her pager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know what I'd do without it, you know? It's another limb. I always know where it is,\" she says and laughs.[contextly_sidebar id=\"YNjmmIvrIhdA4E5WvQFE9ShsbCebY22H\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third-year resident in obstetrics and gynecology at the Carolinas Medical Center hospital in Charlotte, N.C., works in a medical specialty dominated by women, treating women. Merriam says she feels a special connection to her patients.\"You just, you can feel what they feel and understand why they feel certain ways. I do feel a special bond,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, 82 percent of doctors \u003ca href=\"https://m.acog.org/~/media/BB3A7629943642ADA47058D0BDCD1521.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">matching into OB-GYN residency programs\u003c/a> are women. Many OB-GYN patients say they prefer female doctors. Merriam's residency class is a bit of an anomaly — half of its members are men. Though it's nice to work with so many women, Merriam says, she and some of her female colleagues also like the perspective that men bring to the work environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No one could really pinpoint about what balance they bring, but there's something nice about having them,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"xxd0pnJ8BiRSq6Um262jL74IFF2B4Gk9\"]It's important to have men in the field, she says, if only to continue to give patients options in their choice of providers. But most of her friends and other women she talks to, she says, want female doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake Butterworth, a fourth-year obstetrics and gynecology resident at the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, says he doesn't take it personally when he hears that sort of thing from a patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't get discouraged; I don't get offended,\" Butterworth says. \"I gladly hand that patient off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's one of only two male residents in the program of 24 at MUSC and says he finds it rewarding when he can win a new patient's confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have patients that clearly express disdain to have to see a guy,\" he says. \"Then I develop rapport with her. And she says, 'I expected you to be x-y-z, and you were better than that.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butterworth says he chose obstetrics and gynecology because it lets him develop long-term relationships with patients — providing routine OB-GYN care and more complicated surgeries if need be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you really get into it, and get involved in it, I don't think that bias [that the field is best left to women] holds true,\" he says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"JAYbqyJrlg0qXG2TGj01PA9aZ68oHdWG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butterworth believes it is incumbent on male OB-GYNs to talk to male medical students about the benefits of having men in the field. Students need to know it's OK to have an interest in the field, he says, and that they will find work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, says \u003ca href=\"http://academicdepartments.musc.edu/facultydirectory/Savage-Ashlyn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Ashlyn Savage \u003c/a>, an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at MUSC, it may be the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In an effort to really diversify the applicant pool, we will apply in some cases different screening standards to decide who we are going to interview,\" Savage says. \"For example, we might consider an applicant with a slightly lower board score — just to enhance how many men we are interviewing and considering.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been a challenge to find male OB-GYNs for the program, she says. The gender that at one time dominated the field is now at some schools considered a diversity hire. But Savage questions whether balancing the number of men and women in the specialty is as important as racial or ethnic diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The interesting thing to me is the primary motivation to [seek a diverse candidate pool] is so that patients have the opportunity to seek out physicians who might ... feel like themselves,\" she says. \"In this particular case ... all of the patients for OB-GYNs are women.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"SJnnFVMkAgJrTRRKA7yFicLNPD1xw46Z\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among practicing OB-GYNs in the U.S., a \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/The-Ob-Gyn-Workforce/The-Obstetrician-Gynecologist-Workforce-in-the-United-States\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">little less than half are men\u003c/a>, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. But ACOG predicts that 10 years from now, two-thirds of the doctors in that specialty will be female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, male doctors hold a lot of the key positions in OB-GYN professional organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Leadership tends to be held by people who are older,\" Savage says. \"And we are still in a scenario where [more of] our older faculty tend to be men.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/2017/10000/Geographic_Comparison_of_Women_in_Academic.26.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study \u003c/a> published last fall found the women are underrepresented in leadership roles in medical school departments of obstetrics and gynecology all around the country. That ratio was most lopsided in men's favor in the South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's perhaps only a matter of time before that, too, changes. Savage says she just learned that her program's incoming class of OB-GYN residents next year will be all female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR's reporting partnership with WFAE and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 WFAE. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.wfae.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WFAE\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Male+OB-GYNs+Are+Rare%2C+But+Is+That+A+Problem%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Heads of training programs now wonder if they should go out of their way to recruit more men.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1523557947,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":830},"headData":{"title":"Male OB-GYNs Are Rare, But Is That A Problem? | KQED","description":"Heads of training programs now wonder if they should go out of their way to recruit more men.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Male OB-GYNs Are Rare, But Is That A Problem?","datePublished":"2018-04-12T19:00:58.000Z","dateModified":"2018-04-12T18:32:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"440766 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440766","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/04/12/male-ob-gyns-are-rare-but-is-that-a-problem/","disqusTitle":"Male OB-GYNs Are Rare, But Is That A Problem?","source":"Health","nprByline":"Alex Olgin\u003cbr />NPR Shots","nprImageAgency":"Alex Olgin/WFAE","nprStoryId":"596396698","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=596396698&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/12/596396698/male-ob-gyns-are-rare-but-is-that-a-problem?ft=nprml&f=596396698","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 12 Apr 2018 10:51:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 12 Apr 2018 05:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 12 Apr 2018 10:51:12 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/440766/male-ob-gyns-are-rare-but-is-that-a-problem","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As she leaves a 12-hour-day on the labor and delivery shift, Dr. Katie Merriam turns off her pager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know what I'd do without it, you know? It's another limb. I always know where it is,\" she says and laughs.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third-year resident in obstetrics and gynecology at the Carolinas Medical Center hospital in Charlotte, N.C., works in a medical specialty dominated by women, treating women. Merriam says she feels a special connection to her patients.\"You just, you can feel what they feel and understand why they feel certain ways. I do feel a special bond,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, 82 percent of doctors \u003ca href=\"https://m.acog.org/~/media/BB3A7629943642ADA47058D0BDCD1521.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">matching into OB-GYN residency programs\u003c/a> are women. Many OB-GYN patients say they prefer female doctors. Merriam's residency class is a bit of an anomaly — half of its members are men. Though it's nice to work with so many women, Merriam says, she and some of her female colleagues also like the perspective that men bring to the work environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No one could really pinpoint about what balance they bring, but there's something nice about having them,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>It's important to have men in the field, she says, if only to continue to give patients options in their choice of providers. But most of her friends and other women she talks to, she says, want female doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake Butterworth, a fourth-year obstetrics and gynecology resident at the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, says he doesn't take it personally when he hears that sort of thing from a patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't get discouraged; I don't get offended,\" Butterworth says. \"I gladly hand that patient off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's one of only two male residents in the program of 24 at MUSC and says he finds it rewarding when he can win a new patient's confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have patients that clearly express disdain to have to see a guy,\" he says. \"Then I develop rapport with her. And she says, 'I expected you to be x-y-z, and you were better than that.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butterworth says he chose obstetrics and gynecology because it lets him develop long-term relationships with patients — providing routine OB-GYN care and more complicated surgeries if need be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you really get into it, and get involved in it, I don't think that bias [that the field is best left to women] holds true,\" he says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butterworth believes it is incumbent on male OB-GYNs to talk to male medical students about the benefits of having men in the field. Students need to know it's OK to have an interest in the field, he says, and that they will find work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, says \u003ca href=\"http://academicdepartments.musc.edu/facultydirectory/Savage-Ashlyn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Ashlyn Savage \u003c/a>, an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at MUSC, it may be the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In an effort to really diversify the applicant pool, we will apply in some cases different screening standards to decide who we are going to interview,\" Savage says. \"For example, we might consider an applicant with a slightly lower board score — just to enhance how many men we are interviewing and considering.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been a challenge to find male OB-GYNs for the program, she says. The gender that at one time dominated the field is now at some schools considered a diversity hire. But Savage questions whether balancing the number of men and women in the specialty is as important as racial or ethnic diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The interesting thing to me is the primary motivation to [seek a diverse candidate pool] is so that patients have the opportunity to seek out physicians who might ... feel like themselves,\" she says. \"In this particular case ... all of the patients for OB-GYNs are women.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among practicing OB-GYNs in the U.S., a \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/The-Ob-Gyn-Workforce/The-Obstetrician-Gynecologist-Workforce-in-the-United-States\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">little less than half are men\u003c/a>, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. But ACOG predicts that 10 years from now, two-thirds of the doctors in that specialty will be female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, male doctors hold a lot of the key positions in OB-GYN professional organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Leadership tends to be held by people who are older,\" Savage says. \"And we are still in a scenario where [more of] our older faculty tend to be men.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/2017/10000/Geographic_Comparison_of_Women_in_Academic.26.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study \u003c/a> published last fall found the women are underrepresented in leadership roles in medical school departments of obstetrics and gynecology all around the country. That ratio was most lopsided in men's favor in the South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's perhaps only a matter of time before that, too, changes. Savage says she just learned that her program's incoming class of OB-GYN residents next year will be all female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR's reporting partnership with WFAE and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 WFAE. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.wfae.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WFAE\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Male+OB-GYNs+Are+Rare%2C+But+Is+That+A+Problem%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/440766/male-ob-gyns-are-rare-but-is-that-a-problem","authors":["byline_futureofyou_440766"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_190","futureofyou_1182","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_595","futureofyou_275"],"featImg":"futureofyou_440767","label":"source_futureofyou_440766"},"futureofyou_437981":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_437981","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"437981","score":null,"sort":[1514052354000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-quarter-of-california-adolescents-may-be-gender-nonconforming-so-what-does-that-mean","title":"A Quarter of California Adolescents May Be 'Gender Nonconforming.' So What Does That Mean?","publishDate":1514052354,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>You may have seen recent news of a survey finding that 27 percent of California youth ages 12 to 17 are \"gender nonconforming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Gender nonconforming is not a synonym for transgender. Rather it typically refers to a much greater number of people who defy stereotypes of their sex. This term can include tomboys, for example.'\u003ccite>Kristina Olson, University of Washington.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That sounds pretty high. I might even put the word \"whopping\" before \"27 percent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I have to say, I've been covering the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/24/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gender story\u003c/a> for more than a year, and when I saw the headlines, I wasn't \u003cem>quite\u003c/em> sure what gender nonconforming meant. Gender terminology, like gender itself these days, can be fairly fluid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here is the exact question that was asked of California adolescents:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A person’s appearance, style, dress, or the way they walk or talk may affect how people describe them. How do you think other people at school would describe you? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very feminine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mostly feminine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equally feminine and masculine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mostly masculine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very masculine\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This is a measure of what gender researchers call \"gender expression,\" or the way individuals manifest what you might call the trappings of masculinity and femininity: clothes, hair, makeup, posture. As some of the UCLA researchers involved in the survey put it, those who are \"seen as resisting dominant expectations around gender expression\" are considered gender nonconforming.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There’s been an assumption that gender nonconforming people are gay or lesbian, but that’s not the case. It’s a stereotype.”\u003ccite>Alison Gill, Advocates for Youth\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>You might think that someone who is gender nonconforming is necessarily transgender. But that is not the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“ ‘Gender nonconforming' \" is not a synonym for transgender,” says Kristina Olson, d\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">irector of the TransYouth Project at the University of Washington. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“R\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ather it typically refers to a much greater number of people who defy stereotypes of their sex. This term can include tomboys, for example\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people may also confound gender nonconformity with being lesbian, gay or bisexual. But Alison Gill, a consultant on gender for the nonprofit Advocates for Youth, says \u003ca href=\"http://advocatesforyouth.org/storage/advfy/documents/YRBSS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> shows most gender nonconforming kids are actually heterosexual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s been an assumption that gender nonconforming people are gay or lesbian, but that’s not the case. It’s a stereotype,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, you can be gender nonconforming without being L, G, B or T.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Study Results\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender expression question was included on the recent \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/chis/Pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Health Interview Survey\u003c/a>, conducted by UCLA on a continuous basis. The telephone survey covers dozens of health topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CHIS has been going strong since 2001, but this was the first time a question on either youth gender identity or gender expression had been included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why now?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'A lot of bullying is around expression and not sexuality. A gay boy who is considered totally masculine is considered fine by his peers. But nonconforming people are getting bullied.' \u003ccite>Phil Hammack, University of California, Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UCLA's Center for Health Policy Research and The Williams Institute, which conducts research on sexual orientation and gender identity law, said in a health policy \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2017/gncadolescents-factsheet-dec2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fact sheet\u003c/a> that levels of gender conformity are \"known to be a particularly salient factor in the safety and well-being of youth. Yet, data about gender nonconforming youth remain rare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question was asked of 1,594 adolescents, ages 12 to 17, across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were two categories for respondents coded as gender nonconforming. One was \"highly gender nonconforming\" and the other was \"androgynous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male respondents who answered \"very feminine\" or \"mostly feminine,\" and female respondents who answered \"very masculine\" or \"mostly masculine,\" were categorized as \"highly gender nonconforming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who answered \"equally feminine and masculine\" were coded as “androgynous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The androgynous outnumbered those who were highly gender nonconforming by more than 3 to 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Total nonconforming youth came out to 27 percent of all the adolescents queried. That \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">would equate to 796,000 gender nonconforming youth in the state of California today.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The margin of error was about 6 percent, so that number could be substantially greater or fewer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California and Gender\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combined surveys asking the same question in L.A., San Diego, Chicago and Florida’s Broward County provide a larger population of 9,265 youth, and that data shows high health risks associated with gender nonconformity. For example, GNC males were between two and three times more likely to attempt suicide than conforming males, and for females the rate was 1 1/2 times greater for those who were GNC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the California survey showed nonconforming youth reporting more than twice the level of severe psychological distress as their conforming peers, it showed no statistically significant difference when it came to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why the big difference related to suicide between nonconforming and conforming youth in the larger sample, and hardly any in the Californian-only data?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California researchers speculated that the state's social environment may be contributing to better mental health outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(H)igher levels of social acceptance and the presence of protective policies in California may impact rates of victimization and bullying, which, in turn, may confer some protection for gender minority youth in the state,\" reads the fact sheet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Next Frontier\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phil Hammack is a professor of psychology and researcher at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who specializes in sexual and gender identity. He thinks that when it comes to bullying, gender expression is the new sexual orientation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of bullying is around expression and not sexuality,” he said. “A gay boy who is considered totally masculine is considered fine by his peers. But nonconforming people are getting bullied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though there is much greater visibility for gender nonconforming youth, Hammack said, “the culture is in a state of anxiety around this revolution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the next frontier for us to address among people who care about young people’s well-being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender researchers I spoke to agreed that gender nonconformity often causes bullying and mental health distress independent of sexual orientation and gender identities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Quarrel With the Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One gender researcher who doesn’t think the question resulted in precise enough data is Charlotte Tate, from San Francisco State. Tate said that because there was no question about sexual orientation on the survey, it's impossible to tease apart how much of the mental distress exhibited by GNC youth stems from being lesbian, gay or bisexual and how much from an unconventional gender expression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So [the researchers] haven’t sufficiently demonstrated that the stress is linked to gender; it could be about sexual orientation,\" Tate said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bianca Wilson, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a senior public policy scholar at The Williams Institute, \u003c/span>agrees inserting a sexual orientation question would be useful to understand the \"unique and compounding levels of distress\" by non-heterosexual youth who also do differ in their gender expression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any event, there will be more data. Gill says the number of sites that have now asked the gender nonconforming question has increased to 16, and that the results will start coming in during the first half of 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammack, the researcher from UC Santa Cruz, says it's obvious that gender nonconformity is booming. He recently completed a study of teen LGBT youth in the Central Valley and the Bay Area, and he was surprised to find how easy it was to sign up those who were nonconforming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to cap the number of gender nonconforming youth who participated to make sure we got enough gender conforming youth,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A recent survey shows 27 percent of 12- to 17-year-olds in California thought they were perceived as more or equally like the opposite sex.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1514511502,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":49,"wordCount":1292},"headData":{"title":"A Quarter of California Adolescents May Be 'Gender Nonconforming.' So What Does That Mean? | KQED","description":"A recent survey shows 27 percent of 12- to 17-year-olds in California thought they were perceived as more or equally like the opposite sex.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Quarter of California Adolescents May Be 'Gender Nonconforming.' So What Does That Mean?","datePublished":"2017-12-23T18:05:54.000Z","dateModified":"2017-12-29T01:38:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"437981 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=437981","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/12/23/a-quarter-of-california-adolescents-may-be-gender-nonconforming-so-what-does-that-mean/","disqusTitle":"A Quarter of California Adolescents May Be 'Gender Nonconforming.' So What Does That Mean?","source":"KQED Future of You","path":"/futureofyou/437981/a-quarter-of-california-adolescents-may-be-gender-nonconforming-so-what-does-that-mean","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You may have seen recent news of a survey finding that 27 percent of California youth ages 12 to 17 are \"gender nonconforming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Gender nonconforming is not a synonym for transgender. Rather it typically refers to a much greater number of people who defy stereotypes of their sex. This term can include tomboys, for example.'\u003ccite>Kristina Olson, University of Washington.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That sounds pretty high. I might even put the word \"whopping\" before \"27 percent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I have to say, I've been covering the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/24/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gender story\u003c/a> for more than a year, and when I saw the headlines, I wasn't \u003cem>quite\u003c/em> sure what gender nonconforming meant. Gender terminology, like gender itself these days, can be fairly fluid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here is the exact question that was asked of California adolescents:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A person’s appearance, style, dress, or the way they walk or talk may affect how people describe them. How do you think other people at school would describe you? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very feminine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mostly feminine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equally feminine and masculine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mostly masculine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very masculine\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This is a measure of what gender researchers call \"gender expression,\" or the way individuals manifest what you might call the trappings of masculinity and femininity: clothes, hair, makeup, posture. As some of the UCLA researchers involved in the survey put it, those who are \"seen as resisting dominant expectations around gender expression\" are considered gender nonconforming.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There’s been an assumption that gender nonconforming people are gay or lesbian, but that’s not the case. It’s a stereotype.”\u003ccite>Alison Gill, Advocates for Youth\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>You might think that someone who is gender nonconforming is necessarily transgender. But that is not the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“ ‘Gender nonconforming' \" is not a synonym for transgender,” says Kristina Olson, d\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">irector of the TransYouth Project at the University of Washington. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“R\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ather it typically refers to a much greater number of people who defy stereotypes of their sex. This term can include tomboys, for example\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people may also confound gender nonconformity with being lesbian, gay or bisexual. But Alison Gill, a consultant on gender for the nonprofit Advocates for Youth, says \u003ca href=\"http://advocatesforyouth.org/storage/advfy/documents/YRBSS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> shows most gender nonconforming kids are actually heterosexual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s been an assumption that gender nonconforming people are gay or lesbian, but that’s not the case. It’s a stereotype,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, you can be gender nonconforming without being L, G, B or T.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Study Results\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender expression question was included on the recent \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/chis/Pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Health Interview Survey\u003c/a>, conducted by UCLA on a continuous basis. The telephone survey covers dozens of health topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CHIS has been going strong since 2001, but this was the first time a question on either youth gender identity or gender expression had been included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why now?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'A lot of bullying is around expression and not sexuality. A gay boy who is considered totally masculine is considered fine by his peers. But nonconforming people are getting bullied.' \u003ccite>Phil Hammack, University of California, Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UCLA's Center for Health Policy Research and The Williams Institute, which conducts research on sexual orientation and gender identity law, said in a health policy \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2017/gncadolescents-factsheet-dec2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fact sheet\u003c/a> that levels of gender conformity are \"known to be a particularly salient factor in the safety and well-being of youth. Yet, data about gender nonconforming youth remain rare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question was asked of 1,594 adolescents, ages 12 to 17, across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were two categories for respondents coded as gender nonconforming. One was \"highly gender nonconforming\" and the other was \"androgynous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male respondents who answered \"very feminine\" or \"mostly feminine,\" and female respondents who answered \"very masculine\" or \"mostly masculine,\" were categorized as \"highly gender nonconforming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who answered \"equally feminine and masculine\" were coded as “androgynous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The androgynous outnumbered those who were highly gender nonconforming by more than 3 to 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Total nonconforming youth came out to 27 percent of all the adolescents queried. That \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">would equate to 796,000 gender nonconforming youth in the state of California today.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The margin of error was about 6 percent, so that number could be substantially greater or fewer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California and Gender\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combined surveys asking the same question in L.A., San Diego, Chicago and Florida’s Broward County provide a larger population of 9,265 youth, and that data shows high health risks associated with gender nonconformity. For example, GNC males were between two and three times more likely to attempt suicide than conforming males, and for females the rate was 1 1/2 times greater for those who were GNC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the California survey showed nonconforming youth reporting more than twice the level of severe psychological distress as their conforming peers, it showed no statistically significant difference when it came to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why the big difference related to suicide between nonconforming and conforming youth in the larger sample, and hardly any in the Californian-only data?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California researchers speculated that the state's social environment may be contributing to better mental health outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(H)igher levels of social acceptance and the presence of protective policies in California may impact rates of victimization and bullying, which, in turn, may confer some protection for gender minority youth in the state,\" reads the fact sheet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Next Frontier\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phil Hammack is a professor of psychology and researcher at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who specializes in sexual and gender identity. He thinks that when it comes to bullying, gender expression is the new sexual orientation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of bullying is around expression and not sexuality,” he said. “A gay boy who is considered totally masculine is considered fine by his peers. But nonconforming people are getting bullied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though there is much greater visibility for gender nonconforming youth, Hammack said, “the culture is in a state of anxiety around this revolution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the next frontier for us to address among people who care about young people’s well-being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender researchers I spoke to agreed that gender nonconformity often causes bullying and mental health distress independent of sexual orientation and gender identities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Quarrel With the Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One gender researcher who doesn’t think the question resulted in precise enough data is Charlotte Tate, from San Francisco State. Tate said that because there was no question about sexual orientation on the survey, it's impossible to tease apart how much of the mental distress exhibited by GNC youth stems from being lesbian, gay or bisexual and how much from an unconventional gender expression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So [the researchers] haven’t sufficiently demonstrated that the stress is linked to gender; it could be about sexual orientation,\" Tate said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bianca Wilson, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a senior public policy scholar at The Williams Institute, \u003c/span>agrees inserting a sexual orientation question would be useful to understand the \"unique and compounding levels of distress\" by non-heterosexual youth who also do differ in their gender expression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any event, there will be more data. Gill says the number of sites that have now asked the gender nonconforming question has increased to 16, and that the results will start coming in during the first half of 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammack, the researcher from UC Santa Cruz, says it's obvious that gender nonconformity is booming. He recently completed a study of teen LGBT youth in the Central Valley and the Bay Area, and he was surprised to find how easy it was to sign up those who were nonconforming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to cap the number of gender nonconforming youth who participated to make sure we got enough gender conforming youth,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/437981/a-quarter-of-california-adolescents-may-be-gender-nonconforming-so-what-does-that-mean","authors":["80"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_1182","futureofyou_1433","futureofyou_1018","futureofyou_1434"],"featImg":"futureofyou_437990","label":"source_futureofyou_437981"},"futureofyou_335790":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_335790","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"335790","score":null,"sort":[1493018424000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender","title":"Boy? Girl? Both? Neither? A New Generation Overthrows Gender","publishDate":1493018424,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">M\u003c/span>ax, age 13, does not identify as male. Ordinarily, working through the process of elimination, that should be enough to deduce Max's gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Update: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/15/california-third-gender-nonbinary/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Recognizes a Third Gender\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But Max does not identify as female, either. Max is agender. When referring to Max, you don't use \"he\" or \"she;\" you use \"they.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once strictly\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>a pronoun of the plural variety, “they” is now doing double duty as \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/01/08/donald-trump-may-win-this-years-word-of-the-year/?utm_term=.4a34699bdbdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">singular\u003c/a>, referring to individuals, like Max, who do not see gender as an either/or option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This can be awkward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t expect anyone to use the right pronouns for me because it’s not a thing that people know,” Max says. “It’s been great being myself, but it’s also been really hard for people to get it, and for even family to get pronouns and stuff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re talking in Max’s room, where posters on the wall showcase Max's appearance in school theatrical productions: \"Peter Pan,” “Tarzan,” “The Pirates of Penzance.” Max is old enough now to make use of a makeup area—blush, foundation, lipstick—but young enough to enjoy going with their mom to see “Willy Wonka & The Chocolate Factory.\" (The review from Max: Gene Wilder's great!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From these surroundings, you wouldn't think the room's occupant is someone who has poked and prodded at the most fundamental sense of who they are. Really, this is just a kid's room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does \"agender\" mean? I need to ask that kid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What it means is I’m neither guy or girl, and that’s how I feel, which is different than terms like 'gender fluid'—which means you feel like a guy or girl at different times—because I don’t feel like I’m both guy and girl; I’m neither.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max sounds a bit didactic, here, teaching me Nonbinary Gender 101. A crash course for someone who never considered that gender didn't mean just male and female.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We are seeing more and more kids saying, ‘You know what? What’s with this either/or business? What’s with this boy-girl and you have to fit in one box or the other?’”\u003ccite>Diane Ehrensaft,\u003cbr>\nChild and Adolescent Gender Center,\u003cbr>\nUCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Outside Max's room, out in the world, being nonbinary means having to do a lot of explaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When did you first feel different? I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’ve been feeling different than just a boy for all my life, really.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max frames the transition from who they (that is, Max) were to who they are as a journey of self-discovery. In elementary school, there were girl friends and dressing in pink boas. That, Max says, was \"awesome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two years ago, someone at school called Max a \"girl-boy.\" Later, Max walked upstairs to the third floor of the house and stepped out onto the balcony, weighing whether or not to jump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 40 percent of transgender or \"gender non-conforming\" people have attempted suicide, according to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/AFSP-Williams-Suicide-Report-Final.pdf\">surveys\u003c/a>, with school bullying playing a significant role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why, I ask, did that particular insult hit so deeply that you would think about ending your life?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max answers in spare, even-toned summation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt like no one loved me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Leaping the Gender Boundary\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>hat day, on the balcony, Max had summoned up the presence of mind to call a transgender hotline. A counselor talked Max back into the house, to continue a struggle that appears remarkably profound.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Gender vs. Sexual Orientation vs. Biology\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>“Gender identity is different from gender expression, being different from biology,” says Adam Chang, a consultant with Berkeley's \u003ca href=\"https://www.genderspectrum.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gender Spectrum\u003c/a>, a provider of gender identity resources and services. “Identity is what you know in your heart and mind, and expression is external—hair, makeup, the roles you take on in society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biology, of course, means the physical attributes that have always been used as a proxy for gender. And all of those are different from sexual orientation.“Gender is the way you express yourself to the world, and your sexual orientation is who do you go to bed with,” says Davi Mühlinghaus-Anderson, 20, who identifies as gender neutral. “They’re different things but they do cross paths a little bit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang puts it this way: “Sexuality is in and of itself not enough information to reveal a person’s gender identity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If same-sex marriage was yesterday’s battle to redefine gender roles and privileges, and transgender rights today's, we just may be on the cusp of the most transformational stage yet. This you-ain’t-seen-nothin’-yet development involves the splintering of what heretofore has been one of the most resilient organizing principles of American society—the division of the entire human race into male and female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who now erase that line may identify as both male and female, as neither male nor female, or as sometimes male and sometimes female. \"They\" is often the pronoun of choice. These individuals may use any number of terms to describe their gender identity: genderqueer, gender-fluid, gender-creative, gender-expansive. While definitions fluctuate, \"nonbinary gender\" has emerged as an umbrella description.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we're seeing a new gender revolution,\" says clinical psychologist Diane Ehrensaft. \"It's erased boxes and created gender infinity instead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ehrensaft directs mental health at the Child and Adolescent Gender Center at the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. At 70, she has been practicing her profession for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing more and more kids saying, ‘You know what? What’s with this either/or business? What’s with this boy-girl and you have to fit in one box or the other?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_329380\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-329380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/01/genderphoto2-1-800x1067.jpg\" alt='Cypress, 14, who identifies as gender fluid, with her mother, Christine Chrisman. \". I’ve never really felt all the way over on one side of the spectrum,\" Cypress says.' width=\"393\" height=\"524\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cypress, 14, who identifies as gender fluid, with her mother, Christine Chrisman. \"I’ve never really felt all the way over on one side of the spectrum,\" Cypress says. \u003ccite>(Jon Brooks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>How widespread is the nonbinary phenomenon? The results of the most recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ustranssurvey.org/report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> by the National Center for Transgender Equality attest to how many transgender people are opting to identify this way. Out of almost 28,000 respondents, more than a third chose “nonbinary/genderqueer” when given a choice of terms to best describe themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the number of transgender clients seeking help has swollen into a \"tsunami,\" according to Ehrensaft, the number who want to transition to the opposite sex has been steadily dropping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A much greater percentage, she says, say they're \"kind of the person that matches the sex on my birth certificate, but kind of not, as well. I'm going to use 'they' instead of 'he' or 'she' because those are not choices that fit me at all.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is growing evidence that even those outside the transgender community are buying in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A January 2015 general population \u003ca href=\"http://fusion.net/series/massive-millennial-poll/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> of 1,000 people age 18-34, conducted for Fusion media, \u003ca href=\"https://fusiondotnet.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/fusion-poll-gender-spectrum.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">found\u003c/a> just 46 percent agreed that “there are only two genders, male and female.” Fifty percent, meanwhile, said “gender is a spectrum, and some people fall outside conventional categories.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.glaad.org/files/aa/2017_GLAAD_Accelerating_Acceptance.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online survey\u003c/a> by Harris Poll, commissioned by the LGBTQ advocacy group GLAAD, found that a startling 12 percent identified as either transgender or some form of nonbinary identity, like gender fluid or genderqueer\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"xTf7Hze2Ir3HytynFurybpKeyTnmr3pe\"]As more people redefine their gender identity in nonbinary terms, schools, governments, workplaces and parents are having to adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christine Chrisman, 46, has a 14-year-old, Cypress, who identifies as gender-fluid. Chrisman says she was fully aware of transgender people who wanted to transition completely to the opposite sex. But, she says, “It didn’t really occur to me you could just hang out in the neutral, the in-between spot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know what to think about it,” she says, adding that she knows a lot of parents who feel similarly. “Everybody seems sort of bewildered.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Legal Recognition\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">H\u003c/span>ere in this state, the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB329\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Healthy Youth Act\u003c/a>, signed into law in 2015, requires comprehensive sex education for grades 7-12 to \"teach pupils about gender, gender expression, gender identity, and explore the harm of negative gender stereotypes.” A \u003ca href=\"http://ccsesa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/LGBTQ-and-Gender-Checklist.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">checklist\u003c/a> from the California County of Superintendents, designed for school systems to evaluate their compliance with the law, includes this definition of gender identity:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One’s internal, deeply-held sense of being male, female, \u003cem>neither of these, both, or other gender(s)\u003c/em>. All people have a gender identity.” (Emphasis ours.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QszfBJEBoW8&ab_channel=ABC10News\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phyllida Burlingame of the ACLU of Northern California calls the law the nation’s first of its kind. She says districts are currently working to come into compliance with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Official recognition of nonbinary gender appears to be accelerating. Last June, a county circuit court judge in Oregon, in what transgender advocates believed was a first in the U.S., affirmed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2016/06/oregon_court_allows_person_to.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legal change\u003c/a> of 52-year-old Jamie Shupe’s gender from female to \"nonbinary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in September, a judge in Santa Cruz, California issued an order recognizing \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/californian-becomes-second-us-citizen-granted-non-binary-gender-status-n654611\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"nonbinary\" as the legal gender\u003c/a> of 55-year-old Sara Kelly Keenan. Since then, California courts have granted nonbinary status to at least 11 more people, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.intersexrecognition.org/litigation.html\">Gendersex and Queer Recognition project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 179\u003c/a>, which would make the state the first to recognize \"nonbinary\" as a legal gender on official documents, is making its way through the Legislature. If passed, California would join a growing number of national and sub-national jurisdictions \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around the world\u003c/a> that recognize genders other than male or female. (Update Oct. 17, 2017: The bill has now been signed into law.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And an Oregon school district last year \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/education/index.ssf/2016/05/gresham_barlow_transgender_tea.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settled\u003c/a> with a nonbinary-identified fifth-grade teacher for $60,000 after the teacher complained of harassment, partly due to coworkers refusing to refer to the teacher as “they” and “them.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hanging Out in 'the In-Between'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>hink about this: Max, at 13, has already shed not only a gender identity of origin—male—but also one that turned out to be temporary—transgender female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_329392\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 392px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/01/genderphoto11.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-329392\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/01/genderphoto11-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"genderphoto11\" width=\"392\" height=\"523\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Max and family. “I was taken very much by surprise in terms of gender. It came from left field, I knew nothing, I was scared,” says Max's mom. (Jon\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Max lives with their mother, father and brother in a roomy East Bay home. Two years ago, after first coming out as someone who identified as a girl, Max learned on Tumblr about terms like “nonbinary,” “gender neutral,” and “agender.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like, you know what? This describes me a little better than ‘girl,’” Max says. “I’ve been rolling with that for over a year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max’s mother, Margaret, 52, acknowledges she was clueless about gender issues when Max came out. “Sexuality--no big deal,” she says, explaining the commitment she and Max's father, BZ, have always made to gay and lesbian rights. “We’re super lefties.” (She asked we not use last names due to online threats against other transgender families.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Max’s nonbinary identity definitely threw her. “I was taken very much by surprise in terms of gender. It came from left field, I knew nothing, I was scared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even here, in the ultra-progressive San Francisco Bay Area, a region that rarely meets an iconoclastic idea it won't embrace, Max has felt isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it’s a lot harder as nonbinary than trans,\" Max says. \"I'm not saying it’s not hard as trans, but you can’t really say 'Oh I’m not a boy, I’m a girl.' If you say 'I’m not a boy, I’m not a girl'—so what’s left? It's hard to define what that means.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Being in the middle, what does that mean about your body?'\u003ccite>Margaret, Max's mother\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That is an existential quandary with real-world implications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we were at a mall somewhere,” Margaret, says, “and there was the men’s room to the right and the women’s room to the left, and Max walked right into the wall, in the middle, to make a point. Because where do you go to the bathroom? Where do you feel comfortable?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the question of who can go to the bathroom where may sound prosaic, about a third of transgender people have \u003ca href=\"http://www.ustranssurvey.org/preliminary-findings/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> abstaining from eating or drinking in order to avoid using one, because of frequent harassment and confrontations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At school, Max would use the boy's room only during class, when it was less crowded, and only when desperate. The girls room was not an option, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would just feel like ‘I’m in the wrong place, I’m not supposed to be here,\" Max says. \"Something in your stomach—this just doesn’t feel right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_329386\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/01/genderphoto6-e1486745816629.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-329386\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/01/genderphoto6-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Davi Mühlinghaus-Anderson, 20, identifies as gender neutral. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Davi Mühlinghaus-Anderson, 20, identifies as gender neutral. (Jon Brooks/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The family lobbied Oakland School for the Arts, where Max is in the 8th grade, for a gender-neutral bathroom. It took awhile, but the school converted a faculty restroom, which can now be used by anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other issue that comes up daily is being referred to in the wrong way, as he or she. Max says it hurts to be misgendered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It means I’m not passing, especially when people use he/him, it really makes me feel like I’m not doing enough,\" Max says with some passion, \"and I’m never going to look the right way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max's father says pronouns have been difficult for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It has taken awhile to get those right,\" BZ says. \"Max was born male. I’ve had 11 years of ‘he.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dealing with other people is only part of Max's struggle as a nonbinary youth. Max must also wrestle with the decision of whether to go through male or female puberty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Max is on this exploration, but it’s harder [than], like, ‘I’m absolutely a girl, I’m absolutely a boy,” Margaret says. “Being in the middle, what does that mean about your body?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, taking \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/19/transgender-youth-using-puberty-blockers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medication\u003c/a> that prevents the emergence of secondary sex characteristics, such as breasts or facial hair, has bought Max more time to grapple with the choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We were trained to see a certain reality, and now we see it everywhere and we can’t not see it until we work to untrain ourselves.'\u003ccite>Dot Brauer, director LGBTQA Center, University of Vermont\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Ehrensaft’s clinic now sees a growing number of people, mostly teenagers, who want to transform their bodies in ways that don’t fit a binary model. One client, Ehrensaft says, doesn’t want testosterone or a lower voice or facial hair, but doesn’t want breasts either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davi Mühlinghaus-Anderson, a soft-spoken 20-year-old who identifies as gender neutral and uses plural pronouns, is someone who has taken that route, having their breasts removed but with no plans to have genital reconstruction surgery or to take hormones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says removing their breasts wasn’t a hard decision. “When puberty hit, when my breasts started to develop, that was very defining. It was just dead weight to my body.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In the Gender Vanguard\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>t Oakland School for the Arts, I'm talking gender with principal Mike Oz and creative writing teacher Jordan Karnes, who also runs the Gender and Sexuality Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interview is not what I expect. Neither Oz nor Karnes, both in their 30s, speak as if slowly crafting a press release, something journalists often come up against when interviewing anyone in an official capacity. The conversation is one we might have in a café about an extremely interesting topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_337545\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-337545\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland School of the Arts High School Principal Mike Oz\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland School for the Arts High School Principal Mike Oz \u003ccite>(Oakland School for the Arts)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oz does seem sensitive about one thing, though: that the school might be portrayed as “that transgender school,” obscuring everything else it has to offer. That worry is not without some foundation. Some OSA parents do seem to feel that for better or worse, the school is on the cutting edge of the gender revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oz recounts how these conversations often start: “‘I hear your school is a place that turns boys into girls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karnes hasn't heard that before now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s something about gender that people find so threatening,\" she says. \"It’s telling that we have a small portion of students that may be nonbinary or trans, that [we] would earn a reputation like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she has one or two transgender or nonbinary students in each of her classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many more have begun to reject the male/female dichotomy, Oz says, simply to support their fellow students. That's not something he saw coming. “That’s the most beautiful piece of this,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I really don’t feel like it’s a trend. I feel like it’s the future.'\u003ccite>Jordan Karnes,\u003cbr>\nOakland School for the Arts\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Besides the gender-neutral bathroom, the school accommodates both nonbinary and binary transgender students by changing their email addresses to reflect the new names they have chosen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents are not always on board. Karnes has been at school events, she says, in which students and teachers call transgender students by their new name and pronoun, while parents do not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's one question, impolitic as it is, I’ve wanted to ask:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is nonbinary identity a trend? A passing fad?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really don’t feel like it’s a trend,” Karnes says. “I feel like it’s the future.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Trained to See a Certain Reality'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he acceptable rules and privileges within a binary male-female gender system have long been challenged, and ultimately expanded, by feminists and LGBT activists. And while the concept of other genders may be novel to Americans, it's nothing new to many cultures around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1zDWxhBN5aOofwpE-FkZWQsiFDlE&ll=22.971037270290903%2C151.89697199999998&z=2\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biologist Ann Fausto Sterling titled her seminal 1993 \u003ca href=\"http://capone.mtsu.edu/phollowa/5sexes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">essay\u003c/a> about individuals who are born with \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=intersex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ambiguous sex characteristics\u003c/a> “The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female Are Not Enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the state and the legal system have an interest in maintaining a two-party sexual system, they are in defiance of nature,” she wrote. \"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For, biologically speaking, there are many gradations running from female to male.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that is so, one may well imagine a number of these \"gradations\" applying to those who identify as nonbinary. Sari Van Enders, an endocrinology researcher and gender theorist, says while some \u003ca href=\"http://transcience-project.org/brain_sex.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">physiological research\u003c/a> has been done on binary transgender people (including studies showing the brains of transgender individuals more closely resemble those of the gender they adopt), she has not come across any addressing people who are nonbinary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My sense is [therapists] have been thinking about this longer than scientists and researchers have,” Van Enders says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underlying the nonbinary phenomenon is the belief that gender is a social construct, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.amherst.edu/system/files/media/1650/butler_performative_acts.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">theory\u003c/a> most famously posited by the philosopher and gender theorist \u003ca href=\"http://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/judith-butler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Judith Butler\u003c/a>. This view sees the duality of gender, so entrenched in human society, as not a fundamental truth, but a perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bo7o2LYATDc&ab_channel=BigThink\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gender researcher Dot Brauer, director of the LGBTQA Center at the University of Vermont, agrees. “We were trained to see a certain reality, and now we see it everywhere and we can’t not see it until we work to untrain ourselves. It’s not unlike a lot of other social frames that have shifted in our lifetime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For all of us, gender is complexly biopsychosocial,” says Meg-John Barker, a UK academic, psychotherapist and author. “That means that it's really impossible to completely tease apart which elements of our gender experience come from our genetic makeup, which from our life experiences, and which from the wider social forces around us.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Not Hiding Myself'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>t’s virtually impossible to sit listening to the experiences of young people like Max and Davi Mühlinghaus-Anderson without feeling their deep longing to communicate the truth of who they are, and without experiencing their bravery in continuing to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the 2010s may yet become the decade that binary gender broke, it's interesting to note that many of my baby-boomer cohort have not necessarily noticed, preoccupied as we are with refinancing mortgages and herniating discs. While reporting this story, I noticed more than one of my friends who no longer recognize the bands on \"Saturday Night Live\" rolling their eyes when I told them the menu of gender options, traditionally limited but at least easy to understand, had expanded. I myself had been so out of the loop on these developments that I realized that a lifelong predilection for new ideas may have finally met its match. Here, now, was a notion with good potential to turn me into my father, who met the provocative social changes of the 1960s and '70s by retreating into the refuge of mockery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did I now hear an echo of the man in my talks with nonbinary youth? As I sputtered to one interviewee, \"You gotta understand, this wasn’t even a \u003cem>thing\u003c/em> when I was growing up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter how organic and authentic the nonbinary movement is, might we assume, in this time of great economic and social dislocation, that once it shows up at the offices and high schools of the great mass of Americans, many are—to say the least—not going to like it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_359539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 719px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-359539\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/jost.jpg\" alt=\"Colin Jost of 'Saturday Night Live' was criticized for this joke about gender identities after the election.\" width=\"719\" height=\"798\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/jost.jpg 719w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/jost-160x178.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/jost-240x266.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/jost-375x416.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/jost-520x577.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 719px) 100vw, 719px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Colin Jost of 'Saturday Night Live' was criticized for this joke making fun of gender identities after the election. \u003ccite>(Saturday Night Live)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On this, some of my interviewees, most of them transgender, agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think you’re absolutely right,” says Dot Brauer, the University of Vermont academic. “And at the same time I think one of the reasons it has gained as much of a foothold as it has is that while politically and in terms of social norms it is revolutionary and radical, inside of people it’s always been there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Tate, a psychology professor and gender researcher at San Francisco State University, expects some amount of backlash against nonbinary identity. Her research has shown non-transgender (cisgender, in the parlance), heterosexual people are more negative toward nonbinary people than they are toward transgender males and females.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Looking at cisgender, heterosexual respondents, they seem to exist in a world that has two suppositions,\" Tate says. \"The first is that everyone is static in their gender category. The other supposition is that there are only two of those gender categories.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While transgender men and women violate the first, nonbinary individuals shatter both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Happier as a Being and Not Hiding Myself'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, considering the current trend, one might ask whether the arc of history will bend toward \"infinite\" gender categories, as Diane Ehrensaft predicts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this score, a 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://people.socsci.tau.ac.il/mu/daphnajoel/files/2014/11/Joel_gender_identity_2013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Israeli study\u003c/a> is provocative. Researchers gave 2,135 heterosexual, non-transgender men and women a questionnaire designed to gauge sexual identity. Among the results, significant percentages reported sometimes feeling like the opposite gender, sometimes wishing to be the opposite gender, and sometimes disliking their body because it was male or female.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s a journey and it’s fun. It’s rewarding but it’s also difficult. But it’s worth it.'\u003ccite>Max, 13\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"We conclude that the current view of gender identity as binary and unitary does not reflect the experience of many individuals, and call for a new conceptualisation of gender, which relates to multiplicity and fluidity in the experience of gender,\" the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I thought about that after experiencing a moment of sadness during my interview with Dot Brauer. We'd been talking about the stringent gender roles both of us had grown up with, and I flashed back to my schoolyard years, when the smallest deviation from acceptable male behavior—backing out of a fight or wearing the wrong color shirt—could prompt insinuations of insufficient masculinity, if you were lucky, a pronouncement of “faggot” if you were not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Really, it was quite oppressive—we kids, acting as unwitting enforcers in a kind of gender prison camp. So I wonder: As a veil against such rigid scrutiny, which unacceptable parts of myself had been forever disowned?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of those strictures, in some parts of the country, at least, have all but faded. (All hail the rise of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.yourtango.com/2013185939/signs-your-boyfriend-metrosexual\">metrosexual\u003c/a>.) After such a steady dismantling of strict gender codes, you might say binary gender's lone remaining bulwark against collapse has been biology. If we really are witnessing the first cracks in that wall as well, one wonders if its failure is really a matter of when, not if. (Diane Ehrensaft wishes she could live another 50 years to see it, she said. )\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the current generation of nonbinary pioneers, though, the issue isn't the ultimate success or not of a breakthrough vision of gender, it's a matter of simple truthfulness and dignity. At the end of our interview, I asked gender-neutral Davi Mühlinghaus-Anderson how things have been going since coming out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes I feel like I don’t exist because I have to fight my way through the world,\" Davi said. \"But I certainly feel happier as a being and not hiding myself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Says Max, covering all the bases: \"It’s a journey and it’s fun. It’s rewarding but it’s also difficult. But it’s worth it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"More and more people are opting for 'nonbinary' gender identities as they reject the concept of gender as only male or female.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1513903009,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":112,"wordCount":4626},"headData":{"title":"Boy? Girl? Both? Neither? A New Generation Overthrows Gender | KQED","description":"More and more people are opting for 'nonbinary' gender identities as they reject the concept of gender as only male or female.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Boy? Girl? Both? Neither? A New Generation Overthrows Gender","datePublished":"2017-04-24T07:20:24.000Z","dateModified":"2017-12-22T00:36:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"335790 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=335790","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/24/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender/","disqusTitle":"Boy? Girl? Both? Neither? A New Generation Overthrows Gender","source":"KQED Future of You","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/04/WEBNonBinaryGender.mp3","customPermalink":"2017/02/15/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender/","path":"/futureofyou/335790/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">M\u003c/span>ax, age 13, does not identify as male. Ordinarily, working through the process of elimination, that should be enough to deduce Max's gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Update: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/15/california-third-gender-nonbinary/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Recognizes a Third Gender\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But Max does not identify as female, either. Max is agender. When referring to Max, you don't use \"he\" or \"she;\" you use \"they.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once strictly\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>a pronoun of the plural variety, “they” is now doing double duty as \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/01/08/donald-trump-may-win-this-years-word-of-the-year/?utm_term=.4a34699bdbdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">singular\u003c/a>, referring to individuals, like Max, who do not see gender as an either/or option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This can be awkward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t expect anyone to use the right pronouns for me because it’s not a thing that people know,” Max says. “It’s been great being myself, but it’s also been really hard for people to get it, and for even family to get pronouns and stuff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re talking in Max’s room, where posters on the wall showcase Max's appearance in school theatrical productions: \"Peter Pan,” “Tarzan,” “The Pirates of Penzance.” Max is old enough now to make use of a makeup area—blush, foundation, lipstick—but young enough to enjoy going with their mom to see “Willy Wonka & The Chocolate Factory.\" (The review from Max: Gene Wilder's great!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From these surroundings, you wouldn't think the room's occupant is someone who has poked and prodded at the most fundamental sense of who they are. Really, this is just a kid's room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does \"agender\" mean? I need to ask that kid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What it means is I’m neither guy or girl, and that’s how I feel, which is different than terms like 'gender fluid'—which means you feel like a guy or girl at different times—because I don’t feel like I’m both guy and girl; I’m neither.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max sounds a bit didactic, here, teaching me Nonbinary Gender 101. A crash course for someone who never considered that gender didn't mean just male and female.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We are seeing more and more kids saying, ‘You know what? What’s with this either/or business? What’s with this boy-girl and you have to fit in one box or the other?’”\u003ccite>Diane Ehrensaft,\u003cbr>\nChild and Adolescent Gender Center,\u003cbr>\nUCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Outside Max's room, out in the world, being nonbinary means having to do a lot of explaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When did you first feel different? I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’ve been feeling different than just a boy for all my life, really.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max frames the transition from who they (that is, Max) were to who they are as a journey of self-discovery. In elementary school, there were girl friends and dressing in pink boas. That, Max says, was \"awesome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two years ago, someone at school called Max a \"girl-boy.\" Later, Max walked upstairs to the third floor of the house and stepped out onto the balcony, weighing whether or not to jump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 40 percent of transgender or \"gender non-conforming\" people have attempted suicide, according to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/AFSP-Williams-Suicide-Report-Final.pdf\">surveys\u003c/a>, with school bullying playing a significant role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why, I ask, did that particular insult hit so deeply that you would think about ending your life?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max answers in spare, even-toned summation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt like no one loved me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Leaping the Gender Boundary\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>hat day, on the balcony, Max had summoned up the presence of mind to call a transgender hotline. A counselor talked Max back into the house, to continue a struggle that appears remarkably profound.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Gender vs. Sexual Orientation vs. Biology\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>“Gender identity is different from gender expression, being different from biology,” says Adam Chang, a consultant with Berkeley's \u003ca href=\"https://www.genderspectrum.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gender Spectrum\u003c/a>, a provider of gender identity resources and services. “Identity is what you know in your heart and mind, and expression is external—hair, makeup, the roles you take on in society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biology, of course, means the physical attributes that have always been used as a proxy for gender. And all of those are different from sexual orientation.“Gender is the way you express yourself to the world, and your sexual orientation is who do you go to bed with,” says Davi Mühlinghaus-Anderson, 20, who identifies as gender neutral. “They’re different things but they do cross paths a little bit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang puts it this way: “Sexuality is in and of itself not enough information to reveal a person’s gender identity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If same-sex marriage was yesterday’s battle to redefine gender roles and privileges, and transgender rights today's, we just may be on the cusp of the most transformational stage yet. This you-ain’t-seen-nothin’-yet development involves the splintering of what heretofore has been one of the most resilient organizing principles of American society—the division of the entire human race into male and female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who now erase that line may identify as both male and female, as neither male nor female, or as sometimes male and sometimes female. \"They\" is often the pronoun of choice. These individuals may use any number of terms to describe their gender identity: genderqueer, gender-fluid, gender-creative, gender-expansive. While definitions fluctuate, \"nonbinary gender\" has emerged as an umbrella description.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we're seeing a new gender revolution,\" says clinical psychologist Diane Ehrensaft. \"It's erased boxes and created gender infinity instead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ehrensaft directs mental health at the Child and Adolescent Gender Center at the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco. At 70, she has been practicing her profession for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing more and more kids saying, ‘You know what? What’s with this either/or business? What’s with this boy-girl and you have to fit in one box or the other?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_329380\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-329380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/01/genderphoto2-1-800x1067.jpg\" alt='Cypress, 14, who identifies as gender fluid, with her mother, Christine Chrisman. \". I’ve never really felt all the way over on one side of the spectrum,\" Cypress says.' width=\"393\" height=\"524\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cypress, 14, who identifies as gender fluid, with her mother, Christine Chrisman. \"I’ve never really felt all the way over on one side of the spectrum,\" Cypress says. \u003ccite>(Jon Brooks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>How widespread is the nonbinary phenomenon? The results of the most recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ustranssurvey.org/report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> by the National Center for Transgender Equality attest to how many transgender people are opting to identify this way. Out of almost 28,000 respondents, more than a third chose “nonbinary/genderqueer” when given a choice of terms to best describe themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the number of transgender clients seeking help has swollen into a \"tsunami,\" according to Ehrensaft, the number who want to transition to the opposite sex has been steadily dropping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A much greater percentage, she says, say they're \"kind of the person that matches the sex on my birth certificate, but kind of not, as well. I'm going to use 'they' instead of 'he' or 'she' because those are not choices that fit me at all.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is growing evidence that even those outside the transgender community are buying in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A January 2015 general population \u003ca href=\"http://fusion.net/series/massive-millennial-poll/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> of 1,000 people age 18-34, conducted for Fusion media, \u003ca href=\"https://fusiondotnet.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/fusion-poll-gender-spectrum.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">found\u003c/a> just 46 percent agreed that “there are only two genders, male and female.” Fifty percent, meanwhile, said “gender is a spectrum, and some people fall outside conventional categories.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.glaad.org/files/aa/2017_GLAAD_Accelerating_Acceptance.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online survey\u003c/a> by Harris Poll, commissioned by the LGBTQ advocacy group GLAAD, found that a startling 12 percent identified as either transgender or some form of nonbinary identity, like gender fluid or genderqueer\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>As more people redefine their gender identity in nonbinary terms, schools, governments, workplaces and parents are having to adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christine Chrisman, 46, has a 14-year-old, Cypress, who identifies as gender-fluid. Chrisman says she was fully aware of transgender people who wanted to transition completely to the opposite sex. But, she says, “It didn’t really occur to me you could just hang out in the neutral, the in-between spot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know what to think about it,” she says, adding that she knows a lot of parents who feel similarly. “Everybody seems sort of bewildered.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Legal Recognition\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">H\u003c/span>ere in this state, the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB329\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Healthy Youth Act\u003c/a>, signed into law in 2015, requires comprehensive sex education for grades 7-12 to \"teach pupils about gender, gender expression, gender identity, and explore the harm of negative gender stereotypes.” A \u003ca href=\"http://ccsesa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/LGBTQ-and-Gender-Checklist.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">checklist\u003c/a> from the California County of Superintendents, designed for school systems to evaluate their compliance with the law, includes this definition of gender identity:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One’s internal, deeply-held sense of being male, female, \u003cem>neither of these, both, or other gender(s)\u003c/em>. All people have a gender identity.” (Emphasis ours.)\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/QszfBJEBoW8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/QszfBJEBoW8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Phyllida Burlingame of the ACLU of Northern California calls the law the nation’s first of its kind. She says districts are currently working to come into compliance with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Official recognition of nonbinary gender appears to be accelerating. Last June, a county circuit court judge in Oregon, in what transgender advocates believed was a first in the U.S., affirmed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2016/06/oregon_court_allows_person_to.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legal change\u003c/a> of 52-year-old Jamie Shupe’s gender from female to \"nonbinary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in September, a judge in Santa Cruz, California issued an order recognizing \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/californian-becomes-second-us-citizen-granted-non-binary-gender-status-n654611\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"nonbinary\" as the legal gender\u003c/a> of 55-year-old Sara Kelly Keenan. Since then, California courts have granted nonbinary status to at least 11 more people, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.intersexrecognition.org/litigation.html\">Gendersex and Queer Recognition project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 179\u003c/a>, which would make the state the first to recognize \"nonbinary\" as a legal gender on official documents, is making its way through the Legislature. If passed, California would join a growing number of national and sub-national jurisdictions \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around the world\u003c/a> that recognize genders other than male or female. (Update Oct. 17, 2017: The bill has now been signed into law.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And an Oregon school district last year \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/education/index.ssf/2016/05/gresham_barlow_transgender_tea.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settled\u003c/a> with a nonbinary-identified fifth-grade teacher for $60,000 after the teacher complained of harassment, partly due to coworkers refusing to refer to the teacher as “they” and “them.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hanging Out in 'the In-Between'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>hink about this: Max, at 13, has already shed not only a gender identity of origin—male—but also one that turned out to be temporary—transgender female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_329392\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 392px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/01/genderphoto11.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-329392\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/01/genderphoto11-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"genderphoto11\" width=\"392\" height=\"523\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Max and family. “I was taken very much by surprise in terms of gender. It came from left field, I knew nothing, I was scared,” says Max's mom. (Jon\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Max lives with their mother, father and brother in a roomy East Bay home. Two years ago, after first coming out as someone who identified as a girl, Max learned on Tumblr about terms like “nonbinary,” “gender neutral,” and “agender.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like, you know what? This describes me a little better than ‘girl,’” Max says. “I’ve been rolling with that for over a year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max’s mother, Margaret, 52, acknowledges she was clueless about gender issues when Max came out. “Sexuality--no big deal,” she says, explaining the commitment she and Max's father, BZ, have always made to gay and lesbian rights. “We’re super lefties.” (She asked we not use last names due to online threats against other transgender families.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Max’s nonbinary identity definitely threw her. “I was taken very much by surprise in terms of gender. It came from left field, I knew nothing, I was scared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even here, in the ultra-progressive San Francisco Bay Area, a region that rarely meets an iconoclastic idea it won't embrace, Max has felt isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it’s a lot harder as nonbinary than trans,\" Max says. \"I'm not saying it’s not hard as trans, but you can’t really say 'Oh I’m not a boy, I’m a girl.' If you say 'I’m not a boy, I’m not a girl'—so what’s left? It's hard to define what that means.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Being in the middle, what does that mean about your body?'\u003ccite>Margaret, Max's mother\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That is an existential quandary with real-world implications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we were at a mall somewhere,” Margaret, says, “and there was the men’s room to the right and the women’s room to the left, and Max walked right into the wall, in the middle, to make a point. Because where do you go to the bathroom? Where do you feel comfortable?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the question of who can go to the bathroom where may sound prosaic, about a third of transgender people have \u003ca href=\"http://www.ustranssurvey.org/preliminary-findings/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> abstaining from eating or drinking in order to avoid using one, because of frequent harassment and confrontations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At school, Max would use the boy's room only during class, when it was less crowded, and only when desperate. The girls room was not an option, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would just feel like ‘I’m in the wrong place, I’m not supposed to be here,\" Max says. \"Something in your stomach—this just doesn’t feel right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_329386\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/01/genderphoto6-e1486745816629.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-329386\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/01/genderphoto6-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Davi Mühlinghaus-Anderson, 20, identifies as gender neutral. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Davi Mühlinghaus-Anderson, 20, identifies as gender neutral. (Jon Brooks/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The family lobbied Oakland School for the Arts, where Max is in the 8th grade, for a gender-neutral bathroom. It took awhile, but the school converted a faculty restroom, which can now be used by anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other issue that comes up daily is being referred to in the wrong way, as he or she. Max says it hurts to be misgendered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It means I’m not passing, especially when people use he/him, it really makes me feel like I’m not doing enough,\" Max says with some passion, \"and I’m never going to look the right way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max's father says pronouns have been difficult for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It has taken awhile to get those right,\" BZ says. \"Max was born male. I’ve had 11 years of ‘he.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dealing with other people is only part of Max's struggle as a nonbinary youth. Max must also wrestle with the decision of whether to go through male or female puberty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Max is on this exploration, but it’s harder [than], like, ‘I’m absolutely a girl, I’m absolutely a boy,” Margaret says. “Being in the middle, what does that mean about your body?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, taking \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/19/transgender-youth-using-puberty-blockers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medication\u003c/a> that prevents the emergence of secondary sex characteristics, such as breasts or facial hair, has bought Max more time to grapple with the choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We were trained to see a certain reality, and now we see it everywhere and we can’t not see it until we work to untrain ourselves.'\u003ccite>Dot Brauer, director LGBTQA Center, University of Vermont\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Ehrensaft’s clinic now sees a growing number of people, mostly teenagers, who want to transform their bodies in ways that don’t fit a binary model. One client, Ehrensaft says, doesn’t want testosterone or a lower voice or facial hair, but doesn’t want breasts either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davi Mühlinghaus-Anderson, a soft-spoken 20-year-old who identifies as gender neutral and uses plural pronouns, is someone who has taken that route, having their breasts removed but with no plans to have genital reconstruction surgery or to take hormones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says removing their breasts wasn’t a hard decision. “When puberty hit, when my breasts started to develop, that was very defining. It was just dead weight to my body.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In the Gender Vanguard\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>t Oakland School for the Arts, I'm talking gender with principal Mike Oz and creative writing teacher Jordan Karnes, who also runs the Gender and Sexuality Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interview is not what I expect. Neither Oz nor Karnes, both in their 30s, speak as if slowly crafting a press release, something journalists often come up against when interviewing anyone in an official capacity. The conversation is one we might have in a café about an extremely interesting topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_337545\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-337545\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland School of the Arts High School Principal Mike Oz\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/15272134_1204340009611881_6162750522408542844_o.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland School for the Arts High School Principal Mike Oz \u003ccite>(Oakland School for the Arts)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oz does seem sensitive about one thing, though: that the school might be portrayed as “that transgender school,” obscuring everything else it has to offer. That worry is not without some foundation. Some OSA parents do seem to feel that for better or worse, the school is on the cutting edge of the gender revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oz recounts how these conversations often start: “‘I hear your school is a place that turns boys into girls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karnes hasn't heard that before now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s something about gender that people find so threatening,\" she says. \"It’s telling that we have a small portion of students that may be nonbinary or trans, that [we] would earn a reputation like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she has one or two transgender or nonbinary students in each of her classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many more have begun to reject the male/female dichotomy, Oz says, simply to support their fellow students. That's not something he saw coming. “That’s the most beautiful piece of this,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I really don’t feel like it’s a trend. I feel like it’s the future.'\u003ccite>Jordan Karnes,\u003cbr>\nOakland School for the Arts\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Besides the gender-neutral bathroom, the school accommodates both nonbinary and binary transgender students by changing their email addresses to reflect the new names they have chosen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents are not always on board. Karnes has been at school events, she says, in which students and teachers call transgender students by their new name and pronoun, while parents do not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's one question, impolitic as it is, I’ve wanted to ask:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is nonbinary identity a trend? A passing fad?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really don’t feel like it’s a trend,” Karnes says. “I feel like it’s the future.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Trained to See a Certain Reality'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he acceptable rules and privileges within a binary male-female gender system have long been challenged, and ultimately expanded, by feminists and LGBT activists. And while the concept of other genders may be novel to Americans, it's nothing new to many cultures around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1zDWxhBN5aOofwpE-FkZWQsiFDlE&ll=22.971037270290903%2C151.89697199999998&z=2\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biologist Ann Fausto Sterling titled her seminal 1993 \u003ca href=\"http://capone.mtsu.edu/phollowa/5sexes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">essay\u003c/a> about individuals who are born with \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=intersex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ambiguous sex characteristics\u003c/a> “The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female Are Not Enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the state and the legal system have an interest in maintaining a two-party sexual system, they are in defiance of nature,” she wrote. \"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For, biologically speaking, there are many gradations running from female to male.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that is so, one may well imagine a number of these \"gradations\" applying to those who identify as nonbinary. Sari Van Enders, an endocrinology researcher and gender theorist, says while some \u003ca href=\"http://transcience-project.org/brain_sex.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">physiological research\u003c/a> has been done on binary transgender people (including studies showing the brains of transgender individuals more closely resemble those of the gender they adopt), she has not come across any addressing people who are nonbinary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My sense is [therapists] have been thinking about this longer than scientists and researchers have,” Van Enders says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underlying the nonbinary phenomenon is the belief that gender is a social construct, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.amherst.edu/system/files/media/1650/butler_performative_acts.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">theory\u003c/a> most famously posited by the philosopher and gender theorist \u003ca href=\"http://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/judith-butler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Judith Butler\u003c/a>. This view sees the duality of gender, so entrenched in human society, as not a fundamental truth, but a perspective.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Bo7o2LYATDc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Bo7o2LYATDc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Gender researcher Dot Brauer, director of the LGBTQA Center at the University of Vermont, agrees. “We were trained to see a certain reality, and now we see it everywhere and we can’t not see it until we work to untrain ourselves. It’s not unlike a lot of other social frames that have shifted in our lifetime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For all of us, gender is complexly biopsychosocial,” says Meg-John Barker, a UK academic, psychotherapist and author. “That means that it's really impossible to completely tease apart which elements of our gender experience come from our genetic makeup, which from our life experiences, and which from the wider social forces around us.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Not Hiding Myself'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>t’s virtually impossible to sit listening to the experiences of young people like Max and Davi Mühlinghaus-Anderson without feeling their deep longing to communicate the truth of who they are, and without experiencing their bravery in continuing to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the 2010s may yet become the decade that binary gender broke, it's interesting to note that many of my baby-boomer cohort have not necessarily noticed, preoccupied as we are with refinancing mortgages and herniating discs. While reporting this story, I noticed more than one of my friends who no longer recognize the bands on \"Saturday Night Live\" rolling their eyes when I told them the menu of gender options, traditionally limited but at least easy to understand, had expanded. I myself had been so out of the loop on these developments that I realized that a lifelong predilection for new ideas may have finally met its match. Here, now, was a notion with good potential to turn me into my father, who met the provocative social changes of the 1960s and '70s by retreating into the refuge of mockery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did I now hear an echo of the man in my talks with nonbinary youth? As I sputtered to one interviewee, \"You gotta understand, this wasn’t even a \u003cem>thing\u003c/em> when I was growing up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter how organic and authentic the nonbinary movement is, might we assume, in this time of great economic and social dislocation, that once it shows up at the offices and high schools of the great mass of Americans, many are—to say the least—not going to like it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_359539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 719px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-359539\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/jost.jpg\" alt=\"Colin Jost of 'Saturday Night Live' was criticized for this joke about gender identities after the election.\" width=\"719\" height=\"798\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/jost.jpg 719w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/jost-160x178.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/jost-240x266.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/jost-375x416.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/jost-520x577.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 719px) 100vw, 719px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Colin Jost of 'Saturday Night Live' was criticized for this joke making fun of gender identities after the election. \u003ccite>(Saturday Night Live)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On this, some of my interviewees, most of them transgender, agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think you’re absolutely right,” says Dot Brauer, the University of Vermont academic. “And at the same time I think one of the reasons it has gained as much of a foothold as it has is that while politically and in terms of social norms it is revolutionary and radical, inside of people it’s always been there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Tate, a psychology professor and gender researcher at San Francisco State University, expects some amount of backlash against nonbinary identity. Her research has shown non-transgender (cisgender, in the parlance), heterosexual people are more negative toward nonbinary people than they are toward transgender males and females.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Looking at cisgender, heterosexual respondents, they seem to exist in a world that has two suppositions,\" Tate says. \"The first is that everyone is static in their gender category. The other supposition is that there are only two of those gender categories.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While transgender men and women violate the first, nonbinary individuals shatter both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Happier as a Being and Not Hiding Myself'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, considering the current trend, one might ask whether the arc of history will bend toward \"infinite\" gender categories, as Diane Ehrensaft predicts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this score, a 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://people.socsci.tau.ac.il/mu/daphnajoel/files/2014/11/Joel_gender_identity_2013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Israeli study\u003c/a> is provocative. Researchers gave 2,135 heterosexual, non-transgender men and women a questionnaire designed to gauge sexual identity. Among the results, significant percentages reported sometimes feeling like the opposite gender, sometimes wishing to be the opposite gender, and sometimes disliking their body because it was male or female.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s a journey and it’s fun. It’s rewarding but it’s also difficult. But it’s worth it.'\u003ccite>Max, 13\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"We conclude that the current view of gender identity as binary and unitary does not reflect the experience of many individuals, and call for a new conceptualisation of gender, which relates to multiplicity and fluidity in the experience of gender,\" the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I thought about that after experiencing a moment of sadness during my interview with Dot Brauer. We'd been talking about the stringent gender roles both of us had grown up with, and I flashed back to my schoolyard years, when the smallest deviation from acceptable male behavior—backing out of a fight or wearing the wrong color shirt—could prompt insinuations of insufficient masculinity, if you were lucky, a pronouncement of “faggot” if you were not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Really, it was quite oppressive—we kids, acting as unwitting enforcers in a kind of gender prison camp. So I wonder: As a veil against such rigid scrutiny, which unacceptable parts of myself had been forever disowned?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of those strictures, in some parts of the country, at least, have all but faded. (All hail the rise of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.yourtango.com/2013185939/signs-your-boyfriend-metrosexual\">metrosexual\u003c/a>.) After such a steady dismantling of strict gender codes, you might say binary gender's lone remaining bulwark against collapse has been biology. If we really are witnessing the first cracks in that wall as well, one wonders if its failure is really a matter of when, not if. (Diane Ehrensaft wishes she could live another 50 years to see it, she said. )\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the current generation of nonbinary pioneers, though, the issue isn't the ultimate success or not of a breakthrough vision of gender, it's a matter of simple truthfulness and dignity. At the end of our interview, I asked gender-neutral Davi Mühlinghaus-Anderson how things have been going since coming out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes I feel like I don’t exist because I have to fight my way through the world,\" Davi said. \"But I certainly feel happier as a being and not hiding myself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Says Max, covering all the bases: \"It’s a journey and it’s fun. It’s rewarding but it’s also difficult. But it’s worth it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/335790/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender","authors":["80"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1182","futureofyou_1181","futureofyou_1018"],"featImg":"futureofyou_334581","label":"source_futureofyou_335790"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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