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FM","link":"/"}},"futureofyou_442343":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_442343","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"442343","score":null,"sort":[1528298279000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"clinic-claims-success-in-making-babies-with-3-parents-dna","title":"Clinic Claims Success In Making Babies With 3 Parents' DNA","publishDate":1528298279,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In a clinic on a side street in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, doctors are doing something that, as far as is publicly known, is being done nowhere else in the world: using DNA from three different people to create babies for women who are infertile.[contextly_sidebar id=\"hJp3PK3nX6Xp23jBK7povAqNM584M314\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can help these families to achieve their own babies, why it must be forbidden?\" \u003ca href=\"http://nadiyaclinic.com/about-the-clinic/our-team/valery-zukin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Valery Zukin\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://nadiyaclinic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nadiya Clinic\u003c/a>, asks as he peers over his glasses. \"It is a dream to want to have a genetic connection with a baby.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I traveled to Ukraine because Zukin promised unusual access to his private fertility clinic, including the first demonstration for a U.S. journalist of how scientists create \"three-parent\" babies — a procedure prohibited by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin also arranged the first-ever interview with a mother of a 15-month-old boy who is one of the four children he says he has produced this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three more of his patients are pregnant, Zukin says, including a woman from Sweden. Women from several other countries including Britain, Brazil and Israel are going through the process, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leading ethicists and genetics researchers criticize the clinic for rushing ahead to use this method for infertility. No one knows whether children produced this way will be healthy, they say. And some worry the procedure may open the door to \"designer babies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is pretty troubling,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/user/25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, who heads the Center for Genetics and Society, a U.S.-based watchdog group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zukin dismisses those criticisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a doctor I understand only one thing: We have parents who couldn't have children and now they have their own biological child. That's all,\" Zukin says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"e9qixdqsJYlqHyn9aCm0jBm9SiC8DfaI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin has helped form a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dl-nadiya.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">company\u003c/a>, Darwin Life-Nadiya, with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York clinic\u003c/a> to market the service to U.S. women willing to travel to Ukraine. Ukrainian women pay about $8,000 for the procedure; for foreigners, it's about $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transferring DNA From Egg to Egg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To show how the procedure works, Zukin sends me upstairs to the embryo lab. After putting on a sterile blue gown and booties, I meet Pavlo Mazur, a clinic embryo scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will begin,\" Mazur says, as he takes a clear plastic dish out of an incubator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dish contains a 1-day-old embryo. It was created by fertilizing the egg of a woman with sperm from her male partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dish also holds a second embryo. This was made using the same man's sperm to fertilize an egg from another woman, who was paid to donate eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After sliding the embryos under a large microscope, Mazur starts a timer. He has only 15 minutes to complete the delicate procedure without risking damage to the embryos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A monitor nearby displays what Mazur sees through the microscope. A round structure comes into focus on the screen. It's one of the embryos.[contextly_sidebar id=\"lH4aHr8bWw920dNDT3zPx9BxxYAHoA23\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You see?\" Mazur says, pointing to two smaller round structures inside. They contain the DNA of the man and woman trying to have a baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One is from sperm. It's paternal,\" Mazur says. \"And the second one is maternal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazur slowly inserts a tiny, hollow glass needle into the fertilized egg. Even though Mazur is under pressure to work fast, he can't move too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Very steady and slow,\" Mazur says. \"We don't want to damage it, right? We want it to survive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He uses the needle to extract the would-be parents' DNA. Mazur does the same thing with the second fertilized egg, removing all the DNA — except for 37 genes known as \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/mitochondrial-dna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mitochondrial DNA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondria provide energy for eggs. A defect in the patient's mitochondrial DNA might be what's preventing her from getting pregnant. So using the donor's mitochondrial DNA may be what enables the patient to produce healthy embryos and babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like an universal currency for a cell,\" Mazur says. \"It helps for all processes within the cell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step is to transfer the DNA of the woman and man trying to have a child into the donor's mostly gutted embryo — empty except for the other woman's mitochondrial DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And now we will just try to put the genetic material of our patient inside,\" Mazur says as he gently inserts the needle holding the couple's DNA and injects the genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's it,\" he says, glancing at his timer to see there are still two minutes left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, you see? It's inside,\" Mazur says, pointing to the couple's DNA. \"It will develop into embryo.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nadiya clinic is transferring embryos reconstructed this way into the wombs of women trying to become pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the clinic has tried the procedure on 21 women. Fourteen attempts failed, probably because the women were older, the clinic staffers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the other women either had babies or are pregnant. They were younger, but could never produce viable embryos on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I adore that such technology exists. I adore that it can help some people,\" says Mazur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These babies end up with DNA from three different people: the woman trying to have a baby; her male partner; and the egg donor who has provided 37 mitochondrial genes. That's why they're called three-parent babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mazur says that label is wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These babies — they have DNA from mother and from father. So they are genetically related to their parents,\" Mazur says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"epZCsHoOtfaC0xfJUpdgovxcZOsKlTBF\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of the baby's DNA comes from the nucleus of the cell. And those are the genes responsible for the traits that most people consider their genetic inheritance, such as their eye and hair color, height, weight and personality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bit of mitochondrial DNA is \"incomparable,\" Mazur says. \"These children are more like their parents — not donor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazur will present the clinic's latest results at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eshre.eu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology\u003c/a>'s annual meeting in Barcelona in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Moving too fast?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists are welcoming this as a potentially exciting new option for some women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is pioneering work,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cumc.p.cumcweb.org/mdphd/profile/degli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dietrich Egli\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of developmental biology at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. The procedure is technically known as \"pronuclear transfer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we can learn from their work is that pronuclear transfer may be useful for some cases of infertility,\" says Egli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say it's far too soon to be attempting this procedure to create children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is really an irresponsible kind of human experimentation,\" Darnovsky of the Center for Genetics and Society says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not nearly enough laboratory and animal research has been done to know if the procedure is safe, Darnovsky and others say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just don't know what's going to happen to these children,\" Darnovsky says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1990s, a doctor in New Jersey injected fluid from healthy eggs into the eggs of infertile women, and some babies were born with mitochondrial DNA from three people. But that was discontinued after the FDA intervened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one other baby is known to have been produced using a technique similar to the one being used by Zukin. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/about-us/fertility-doctor/john-zhang/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Zhang\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Hope Fertility Center\u003c/a> in New York performed a related procedure for a Jordanian couple to try to prevent their child from having \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/leigh-syndrome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leigh syndrome\u003c/a>, a disorder caused by defects in mitochondrial DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the procedure was developed — to help women carrying \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/mitochondrialdiseases.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mitochondrial disorders\u003c/a> have healthy children. In severe cases, these disorders can be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. National Academy of Sciences panel \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/03/465319186/babies-with-genes-from-three-people-could-be-ethical-panel-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concluded\u003c/a> it could be ethical to attempt the procedure for this purpose. But because the FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm570185.htm\">won't allow\u003c/a> it at all in the United States, the baby of the Jordanian couple whom \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/27/495668299/new-york-fertility-doctor-says-he-created-baby-with-3-genetic-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zhang helped was born in Mexico in 2016.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors in the United Kingdom have started trying the technique to prevent mitochondrial disorders. But the British doctors are being \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/02/03/383578221/u-k-lawmakers-allow-scientists-to-attempt-dna-transplants\">allowed\u003c/a> to try to make only one baby at a time as part of a tightly regulated \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/11/10/360342623/combining-the-dna-of-three-people-raises-ethical-questions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research program\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=\"2QVJm0WQxeuB5lotTMLysQyqrPHpvncJ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin says he received approval for a five-year research program from the Ukrainian Postgraduate Medical Academy, which is under the auspices of the Ukrainian Ministry of Public Health. But Zukin concedes the procedure is far less regulated in his country. Nevertheless, he makes sure all the women understand they are undergoing an experimental procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We explain everything to the families. And not all families give permission for providing this experimental procedure,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because mitochondrial DNA can be inherited, Darnovsky worries the procedure is crossing a line that long has been considered taboo: making changes in human DNA that can be passed down to future generations. One fear is that a mistake could create a new disease that could be inherited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother. Zukin already has used the procedure to produce one baby girl — a girl who could one day pass the mitochondrial DNA to her own children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darnovsky worries the procedure could also open the door to creating babies who are genetically modified for other reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're seeing is a fast slide down a very slippery slope toward designer babies,\" Darnovsky says. \"We could see parents feeling eager to give their children traits like greater strength, needs less sleep. Some people are saying that, 'Yes, there are genes for IQ and we could have smarter babies.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin dismisses speculation about designer babies. He says he's interested only in helping women who are infertile have genetically related children or prevent mitochondrial diseases. And so far, all the babies he has created appear to be perfectly healthy, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only way to know whether the procedure works and is safe is to try it, he argues. He hopes to figure out how to make the procedure work for women suffering from age-related infertility as well, which would help far more women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you would like to swim,\" he says, \"then, first of all, you must jump in the water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A second story on Wednesday afternoon features an exclusive interview with a mother and her three-parent son.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Clinic+Claims+Success+In+Making+Babies+With+3+Parents%27+DNA+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A clinic in Kiev, Ukraine, stirs controversy by making babies with DNA from three different people to help women who are infertile bear children. It's the only clinic known to be doing this right now.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1528298279,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":63,"wordCount":1731},"headData":{"title":"Clinic Claims Success In Making Babies With 3 Parents' DNA | KQED","description":"A clinic in Kiev, Ukraine, stirs controversy by making babies with DNA from three different people to help women who are infertile bear children. It's the only clinic known to be doing this right now.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Clinic Claims Success In Making Babies With 3 Parents' DNA","datePublished":"2018-06-06T15:17:59.000Z","dateModified":"2018-06-06T15:17:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"442343 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=442343","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/06/06/clinic-claims-success-in-making-babies-with-3-parents-dna/","disqusTitle":"Clinic Claims Success In Making Babies With 3 Parents' DNA","source":"Health","nprByline":"Rob Stein, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Rob Stein/NPR","nprStoryId":"615909572","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=615909572&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/06/06/615909572/inside-the-ukrainian-clinic-making-3-parent-babies-for-women-who-are-infertile?ft=nprml&f=615909572","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 06 Jun 2018 11:02:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 06 Jun 2018 05:11:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 06 Jun 2018 11:02:46 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/06/20180606_me_inside_the_ukrainian_clinic_making_3-parent_babies_for_women_who_are_infertile.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=398&p=3&story=615909572&ft=nprml&f=615909572","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1617422957-21e5db.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=398&p=3&story=615909572&ft=nprml&f=615909572","path":"/futureofyou/442343/clinic-claims-success-in-making-babies-with-3-parents-dna","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/06/20180606_me_inside_the_ukrainian_clinic_making_3-parent_babies_for_women_who_are_infertile.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=398&p=3&story=615909572&ft=nprml&f=615909572","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a clinic on a side street in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, doctors are doing something that, as far as is publicly known, is being done nowhere else in the world: using DNA from three different people to create babies for women who are infertile.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can help these families to achieve their own babies, why it must be forbidden?\" \u003ca href=\"http://nadiyaclinic.com/about-the-clinic/our-team/valery-zukin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Valery Zukin\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://nadiyaclinic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nadiya Clinic\u003c/a>, asks as he peers over his glasses. \"It is a dream to want to have a genetic connection with a baby.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I traveled to Ukraine because Zukin promised unusual access to his private fertility clinic, including the first demonstration for a U.S. journalist of how scientists create \"three-parent\" babies — a procedure prohibited by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin also arranged the first-ever interview with a mother of a 15-month-old boy who is one of the four children he says he has produced this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three more of his patients are pregnant, Zukin says, including a woman from Sweden. Women from several other countries including Britain, Brazil and Israel are going through the process, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leading ethicists and genetics researchers criticize the clinic for rushing ahead to use this method for infertility. No one knows whether children produced this way will be healthy, they say. And some worry the procedure may open the door to \"designer babies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is pretty troubling,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/user/25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, who heads the Center for Genetics and Society, a U.S.-based watchdog group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zukin dismisses those criticisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a doctor I understand only one thing: We have parents who couldn't have children and now they have their own biological child. That's all,\" Zukin says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin has helped form a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dl-nadiya.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">company\u003c/a>, Darwin Life-Nadiya, with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York clinic\u003c/a> to market the service to U.S. women willing to travel to Ukraine. Ukrainian women pay about $8,000 for the procedure; for foreigners, it's about $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transferring DNA From Egg to Egg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To show how the procedure works, Zukin sends me upstairs to the embryo lab. After putting on a sterile blue gown and booties, I meet Pavlo Mazur, a clinic embryo scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will begin,\" Mazur says, as he takes a clear plastic dish out of an incubator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dish contains a 1-day-old embryo. It was created by fertilizing the egg of a woman with sperm from her male partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dish also holds a second embryo. This was made using the same man's sperm to fertilize an egg from another woman, who was paid to donate eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After sliding the embryos under a large microscope, Mazur starts a timer. He has only 15 minutes to complete the delicate procedure without risking damage to the embryos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A monitor nearby displays what Mazur sees through the microscope. A round structure comes into focus on the screen. It's one of the embryos.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You see?\" Mazur says, pointing to two smaller round structures inside. They contain the DNA of the man and woman trying to have a baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One is from sperm. It's paternal,\" Mazur says. \"And the second one is maternal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazur slowly inserts a tiny, hollow glass needle into the fertilized egg. Even though Mazur is under pressure to work fast, he can't move too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Very steady and slow,\" Mazur says. \"We don't want to damage it, right? We want it to survive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He uses the needle to extract the would-be parents' DNA. Mazur does the same thing with the second fertilized egg, removing all the DNA — except for 37 genes known as \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/mitochondrial-dna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mitochondrial DNA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondria provide energy for eggs. A defect in the patient's mitochondrial DNA might be what's preventing her from getting pregnant. So using the donor's mitochondrial DNA may be what enables the patient to produce healthy embryos and babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like an universal currency for a cell,\" Mazur says. \"It helps for all processes within the cell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step is to transfer the DNA of the woman and man trying to have a child into the donor's mostly gutted embryo — empty except for the other woman's mitochondrial DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And now we will just try to put the genetic material of our patient inside,\" Mazur says as he gently inserts the needle holding the couple's DNA and injects the genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's it,\" he says, glancing at his timer to see there are still two minutes left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, you see? It's inside,\" Mazur says, pointing to the couple's DNA. \"It will develop into embryo.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nadiya clinic is transferring embryos reconstructed this way into the wombs of women trying to become pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the clinic has tried the procedure on 21 women. Fourteen attempts failed, probably because the women were older, the clinic staffers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the other women either had babies or are pregnant. They were younger, but could never produce viable embryos on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I adore that such technology exists. I adore that it can help some people,\" says Mazur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These babies end up with DNA from three different people: the woman trying to have a baby; her male partner; and the egg donor who has provided 37 mitochondrial genes. That's why they're called three-parent babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mazur says that label is wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These babies — they have DNA from mother and from father. So they are genetically related to their parents,\" Mazur says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of the baby's DNA comes from the nucleus of the cell. And those are the genes responsible for the traits that most people consider their genetic inheritance, such as their eye and hair color, height, weight and personality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bit of mitochondrial DNA is \"incomparable,\" Mazur says. \"These children are more like their parents — not donor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazur will present the clinic's latest results at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eshre.eu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology\u003c/a>'s annual meeting in Barcelona in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Moving too fast?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists are welcoming this as a potentially exciting new option for some women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is pioneering work,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cumc.p.cumcweb.org/mdphd/profile/degli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dietrich Egli\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of developmental biology at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. The procedure is technically known as \"pronuclear transfer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we can learn from their work is that pronuclear transfer may be useful for some cases of infertility,\" says Egli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say it's far too soon to be attempting this procedure to create children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is really an irresponsible kind of human experimentation,\" Darnovsky of the Center for Genetics and Society says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not nearly enough laboratory and animal research has been done to know if the procedure is safe, Darnovsky and others say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just don't know what's going to happen to these children,\" Darnovsky says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1990s, a doctor in New Jersey injected fluid from healthy eggs into the eggs of infertile women, and some babies were born with mitochondrial DNA from three people. But that was discontinued after the FDA intervened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one other baby is known to have been produced using a technique similar to the one being used by Zukin. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/about-us/fertility-doctor/john-zhang/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Zhang\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Hope Fertility Center\u003c/a> in New York performed a related procedure for a Jordanian couple to try to prevent their child from having \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/leigh-syndrome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leigh syndrome\u003c/a>, a disorder caused by defects in mitochondrial DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the procedure was developed — to help women carrying \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/mitochondrialdiseases.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mitochondrial disorders\u003c/a> have healthy children. In severe cases, these disorders can be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. National Academy of Sciences panel \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/03/465319186/babies-with-genes-from-three-people-could-be-ethical-panel-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concluded\u003c/a> it could be ethical to attempt the procedure for this purpose. But because the FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm570185.htm\">won't allow\u003c/a> it at all in the United States, the baby of the Jordanian couple whom \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/27/495668299/new-york-fertility-doctor-says-he-created-baby-with-3-genetic-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zhang helped was born in Mexico in 2016.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors in the United Kingdom have started trying the technique to prevent mitochondrial disorders. But the British doctors are being \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/02/03/383578221/u-k-lawmakers-allow-scientists-to-attempt-dna-transplants\">allowed\u003c/a> to try to make only one baby at a time as part of a tightly regulated \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/11/10/360342623/combining-the-dna-of-three-people-raises-ethical-questions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin says he received approval for a five-year research program from the Ukrainian Postgraduate Medical Academy, which is under the auspices of the Ukrainian Ministry of Public Health. But Zukin concedes the procedure is far less regulated in his country. Nevertheless, he makes sure all the women understand they are undergoing an experimental procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We explain everything to the families. And not all families give permission for providing this experimental procedure,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because mitochondrial DNA can be inherited, Darnovsky worries the procedure is crossing a line that long has been considered taboo: making changes in human DNA that can be passed down to future generations. One fear is that a mistake could create a new disease that could be inherited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother. Zukin already has used the procedure to produce one baby girl — a girl who could one day pass the mitochondrial DNA to her own children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darnovsky worries the procedure could also open the door to creating babies who are genetically modified for other reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're seeing is a fast slide down a very slippery slope toward designer babies,\" Darnovsky says. \"We could see parents feeling eager to give their children traits like greater strength, needs less sleep. Some people are saying that, 'Yes, there are genes for IQ and we could have smarter babies.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin dismisses speculation about designer babies. He says he's interested only in helping women who are infertile have genetically related children or prevent mitochondrial diseases. And so far, all the babies he has created appear to be perfectly healthy, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only way to know whether the procedure works and is safe is to try it, he argues. He hopes to figure out how to make the procedure work for women suffering from age-related infertility as well, which would help far more women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you would like to swim,\" he says, \"then, first of all, you must jump in the water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A second story on Wednesday afternoon features an exclusive interview with a mother and her three-parent son.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Clinic+Claims+Success+In+Making+Babies+With+3+Parents%27+DNA+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/442343/clinic-claims-success-in-making-babies-with-3-parents-dna","authors":["byline_futureofyou_442343"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_631","futureofyou_17","futureofyou_283","futureofyou_347","futureofyou_215"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093","futureofyou_1097"],"featImg":"futureofyou_442344","label":"source_futureofyou_442343"},"futureofyou_440245":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_440245","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"440245","score":null,"sort":[1521238847000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"accidents-destroy-embryos-at-2-fertility-clinics-on-same-day","title":"Prospective Parents in Limbo After 2 Accidents Destroy Fertility Clinic Embryos","publishDate":1521238847,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Two refrigeration failures at fertility clinics in different states, coincidentally occurring on March 4, are raising questions about oversight of the industry and triggered several lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We know something has happened but we don't know if our four embryos are alive still.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the Pacific Fertility Center says it is still assessing the extent of the damage to the embryos and eggs it stores, said San Francisco Chronicle reporter Catherine Ho on KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864351/woman-sues-fertility-center-after-equipment-failure-destroys-her-eggs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum program\u003c/a> Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those clients includes Bill Taroli, who told Forum host Mina Kim he first learned about the malfunction on the evening news. After contacting the center, he and his partner were informed their frozen embryos were in the impacted tank. But it will take at least another week before they learn whether their vials were damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like waiting for any major test. 'Do we have cancer?' We're in this limbo,\" said Taroli, who said he spent $50,000 for the procedure. \"We know something has happened but we don't know if our four embryos are alive still.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem was discovered during a routine check by a senior embryologist who noticed that the liquid nitrogen levels in one tank had dipped to very low levels, affecting thousands of frozen eggs and embryos belonging to about 500 clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tanks rely on liquid nitrogen to keep the frozen vials at the correct storage temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinic has not yet announced the number of people impacted, said Ho. In a statement, Pacific Fertility Center said, \"The vast majority of the eggs and embryos in the lab were unaffected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the company's clients includes an unnamed woman who learned on Sunday that her frozen eggs were destroyed. She has since filed a class action lawsuit against the company, seeking $5 million in damages for gross negligence stemming from a failure to properly maintain equipment. That figure is the minimum required to file a class-action suit in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Tindall, the attorney for the woman, told Forum the facility lacked a real-time monitoring system that could have immediately alerted staff of a drop in nitrogen levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement issued Wednesday, the company said it took immediate action once the malfunction was discovered:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>On March 4, a single piece of equipment in our cryogenic storage lab lost liquid nitrogen for a brief period of time. We do know that there is viable tissue from this tank. The rest of the tanks were not affected and the equipment was immediately retired. The vast majority of the eggs and embryos in the lab were unaffected and the facility is operating securely. As soon as the issue was discovered, our most senior embryologist took immediate action to transfer those tissues from the affected equipment to a new piece of equipment. And we have brought independent experts and are conducting a full investigation. We are truly sorry this happened and for the anxiety that this will surely cause.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The cost of storing frozen eggs or embryos is $600 a year, according to the center's website. But the entire process can cost anywhere between $10,000 to $100,000, said the Chronicle's Ho. Aside from the financial costs, the process can be emotionally draining for prospective parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the clinic's clients include former cancer patients who had their eggs taken out in advance of cancer treatments, Tindall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those people may have lost their opportunity to have biological children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ohio Incident\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a bizarre coincidence, a similar tank malfunction occurred at a Cleveland-based fertility clinic on the same day as the accident in San Francisco. The\u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/index.ssf/2018/03/university_hospitals_notifies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Cleveland Plain-Dealer\u003c/a> reported that the University Hospitals Fertility Center lost frozen eggs and embryos from 700 patients. Lawsuits have been filed in this incident as well, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2018/03/14/class-action-lawsuit-filed-against-pacific-fertility-for-loss-of-up-to-thousands-of-embryos-and-eggs/?utm_term=.705a90a7aa98\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The loss of potentially thousands of eggs and embryos from both clinics mark the biggest such loss on record in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulations for oversight of fertility clinics vary by state. California, for example, requires clinics to be accredited by the Laboratory Field Services division of the California Department of Public Health. Ohio has no such licensing requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The United States is the Wild West of the fertility industry,” Marcy Darnovsky, executive director of the Center for Genetics and Society told the Pew Charitable Trust's \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2015/3/18/states-not-eager-to-regulate-fertility-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stateline\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data shows that 1.5 percent of all infants born in the U.S. are conceived using assisted reproductive technology, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/art/artdata/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \u003c/a>More than 60,000 U.S. births in 2015 resulted from such methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Society for Reproductive Medicine does issue guidelines for fertility clinics, but they are not mandatory. The center has been accused of prioritizing the business interests of its members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a field characterized by strong antiregulatory sentiment because it evolved as a business, not a research enterprise,” Arthur Caplan, director of the division of Medical Ethics at New York University’s School of Medicine, told Pew Charitable Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Taroli, the question of liability doesn't change how the experience has affected him and his partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reality is ... we've all been affected. Even if it turns out that our embryos are okay,\" he says, \"we're still going through this madness right now of not knowing and we’re worried about whether or not they're still alive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The destruction of potentially thousands of eggs and embryos on the same day in 2 fertility clinics 2,500 miles apart marks the biggest such loss on record in the U.S.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1521499197,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":934},"headData":{"title":"Prospective Parents in Limbo After 2 Accidents Destroy Fertility Clinic Embryos | KQED","description":"The destruction of potentially thousands of eggs and embryos on the same day in 2 fertility clinics 2,500 miles apart marks the biggest such loss on record in the U.S.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Prospective Parents in Limbo After 2 Accidents Destroy Fertility Clinic Embryos","datePublished":"2018-03-16T22:20:47.000Z","dateModified":"2018-03-19T22:39:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"440245 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440245","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/16/accidents-destroy-embryos-at-2-fertility-clinics-on-same-day/","disqusTitle":"Prospective Parents in Limbo After 2 Accidents Destroy Fertility Clinic Embryos","source":"DIY Health","audioUrl":"https://soundcloud.com/kqed/fertility-clinic-says-thousands-of-eggs-and-embryos-may-be-damaged-after-malfunction","path":"/futureofyou/440245/accidents-destroy-embryos-at-2-fertility-clinics-on-same-day","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two refrigeration failures at fertility clinics in different states, coincidentally occurring on March 4, are raising questions about oversight of the industry and triggered several lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We know something has happened but we don't know if our four embryos are alive still.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the Pacific Fertility Center says it is still assessing the extent of the damage to the embryos and eggs it stores, said San Francisco Chronicle reporter Catherine Ho on KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864351/woman-sues-fertility-center-after-equipment-failure-destroys-her-eggs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum program\u003c/a> Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those clients includes Bill Taroli, who told Forum host Mina Kim he first learned about the malfunction on the evening news. After contacting the center, he and his partner were informed their frozen embryos were in the impacted tank. But it will take at least another week before they learn whether their vials were damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like waiting for any major test. 'Do we have cancer?' We're in this limbo,\" said Taroli, who said he spent $50,000 for the procedure. \"We know something has happened but we don't know if our four embryos are alive still.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem was discovered during a routine check by a senior embryologist who noticed that the liquid nitrogen levels in one tank had dipped to very low levels, affecting thousands of frozen eggs and embryos belonging to about 500 clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tanks rely on liquid nitrogen to keep the frozen vials at the correct storage temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinic has not yet announced the number of people impacted, said Ho. In a statement, Pacific Fertility Center said, \"The vast majority of the eggs and embryos in the lab were unaffected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the company's clients includes an unnamed woman who learned on Sunday that her frozen eggs were destroyed. She has since filed a class action lawsuit against the company, seeking $5 million in damages for gross negligence stemming from a failure to properly maintain equipment. That figure is the minimum required to file a class-action suit in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Tindall, the attorney for the woman, told Forum the facility lacked a real-time monitoring system that could have immediately alerted staff of a drop in nitrogen levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement issued Wednesday, the company said it took immediate action once the malfunction was discovered:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>On March 4, a single piece of equipment in our cryogenic storage lab lost liquid nitrogen for a brief period of time. We do know that there is viable tissue from this tank. The rest of the tanks were not affected and the equipment was immediately retired. The vast majority of the eggs and embryos in the lab were unaffected and the facility is operating securely. As soon as the issue was discovered, our most senior embryologist took immediate action to transfer those tissues from the affected equipment to a new piece of equipment. And we have brought independent experts and are conducting a full investigation. We are truly sorry this happened and for the anxiety that this will surely cause.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The cost of storing frozen eggs or embryos is $600 a year, according to the center's website. But the entire process can cost anywhere between $10,000 to $100,000, said the Chronicle's Ho. Aside from the financial costs, the process can be emotionally draining for prospective parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the clinic's clients include former cancer patients who had their eggs taken out in advance of cancer treatments, Tindall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those people may have lost their opportunity to have biological children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ohio Incident\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a bizarre coincidence, a similar tank malfunction occurred at a Cleveland-based fertility clinic on the same day as the accident in San Francisco. The\u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/index.ssf/2018/03/university_hospitals_notifies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Cleveland Plain-Dealer\u003c/a> reported that the University Hospitals Fertility Center lost frozen eggs and embryos from 700 patients. Lawsuits have been filed in this incident as well, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2018/03/14/class-action-lawsuit-filed-against-pacific-fertility-for-loss-of-up-to-thousands-of-embryos-and-eggs/?utm_term=.705a90a7aa98\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The loss of potentially thousands of eggs and embryos from both clinics mark the biggest such loss on record in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulations for oversight of fertility clinics vary by state. California, for example, requires clinics to be accredited by the Laboratory Field Services division of the California Department of Public Health. Ohio has no such licensing requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The United States is the Wild West of the fertility industry,” Marcy Darnovsky, executive director of the Center for Genetics and Society told the Pew Charitable Trust's \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2015/3/18/states-not-eager-to-regulate-fertility-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stateline\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data shows that 1.5 percent of all infants born in the U.S. are conceived using assisted reproductive technology, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/art/artdata/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \u003c/a>More than 60,000 U.S. births in 2015 resulted from such methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Society for Reproductive Medicine does issue guidelines for fertility clinics, but they are not mandatory. The center has been accused of prioritizing the business interests of its members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a field characterized by strong antiregulatory sentiment because it evolved as a business, not a research enterprise,” Arthur Caplan, director of the division of Medical Ethics at New York University’s School of Medicine, told Pew Charitable Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Taroli, the question of liability doesn't change how the experience has affected him and his partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reality is ... we've all been affected. Even if it turns out that our embryos are okay,\" he says, \"we're still going through this madness right now of not knowing and we’re worried about whether or not they're still alive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/440245/accidents-destroy-embryos-at-2-fertility-clinics-on-same-day","authors":["11428"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1409","futureofyou_927","futureofyou_283","futureofyou_137","futureofyou_1473"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_440254","label":"source_futureofyou_440245"},"futureofyou_437427":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_437427","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"437427","score":null,"sort":[1512460885000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"investors-see-big-money-in-infertility-and-theyre-transforming-the-industry","title":"Investors Sense Big Money in Getting Young Women to Worry About Future Fertility","publishDate":1512460885,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Investors searching for a new way to make big money in medicine have hit upon an age-old problem: infertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money isn’t just in treating older women who have spent years trying to conceive. It’s in persuading younger women, still in their 20s, to start worrying about their future fertility now — and to pay for pricey tests and services, such as egg freezing, as a hedge against problems down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Some doctors worry that the new ethos of treating fertility medicine as a cash cow may lead to clinics pushing patients toward unnecessary tests and services.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sensing a lucrative market, private equity firms are pouring money into building national chains of fertility clinics. Some are spending on splashy advertising and a deliberate strategy of reaching out to young women who are not yet trying to conceive. Venture capitalists are getting into the business, too; this year alone, PitchBook has tallied more than $178 million flowing into startups developing fertility products, such as a test that promises a credit-score-style rating of a woman’s fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new investors say they leave decisions about clinical practice to physicians. But they’re nonetheless transforming an industry that has long been \u003ca href=\"http://www.capstonellc.com/sites/default/files/Capstone%20Fertility%20Clinics%20Report%20Q1%202017.pdf#page=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dominated\u003c/a> by standalone clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Sr5RzB3poUkuwtUVBjpNDN1jeSfdjBKn\"]Fertility experts see real benefits for patients: Clinics united into national chains have been sharing best practices, introducing newer technologies, and offering more flexible payment plans for customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some doctors see potential drawbacks, too. They worry that the new ethos of treating fertility medicine as a cash cow may lead to clinics pushing patients toward unnecessary tests and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some are concerned about the ethics of aggressively promoting fertility care such as egg freezing — which can cost \u003ca href=\"https://www.fertilityiq.com/egg-freezing/the-costs-of-egg-freezing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">between $14,000 and $18,000\u003c/a> per cycle in some cities — to healthy young women who may never need it. The procedure carries some risks to the woman and is no guarantee of a future pregnancy; IVF using frozen eggs has just a middling success rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a fine line that must be walked to steer clear of “preying on someone’s emotions,” said Dr. Ravi Gada, who co-owns Dallas Fort Worth Fertility Associates, which has turned away multiple overtures from private equity firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has nearly 500 fertility clinics. Among the recent shifts in ownership and approach:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Lee Equity Partners, a New York private equity firm, last year \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lee-equity-partners-martin-varsavsky-reproductive-biology-associates-and-my-egg-bank-north-america-launch-prelude-to-revolutionize-the-way-people-start-a-family-300345476.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought into\u003c/a> a large Atlanta fertility clinic and a frozen egg bank to launch a \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/miguelhelft/2016/10/17/prelude-fertility-200-million-startup-stop-biological-clock/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$200 million network\u003c/a> called Prelude Fertility. This fall, Prelude bought a majority share of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/prelude-fertility-expands-network-with-pacific-fertility-center-in-san-francisco-300524534.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">large San Francisco clinic\u003c/a> and then went even bigger by \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/prelude-fertility-partners-with-houston-fertility-institute-expanding-the-prelude-network-through-acquisition-of-vivere-health-300545071.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acquiring 22 new locations\u003c/a> stretching from Connecticut to Texas to Las Vegas. Prelude promotes itself both to patients “ready to build a family now” and those who “want to keep [their] options open for the future.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>TA Associates, a private equity firm with five offices around the globe, in 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ta.com/about/news/ta-associates-announces-investment-in-ccrm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought into\u003c/a> the Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, which had already begun to expand around the U.S. The investment has allowed to CCRM to “grow a bit faster,” by speeding hiring and infrastructure investments, according to Jon Pardew, CCRM’s CEO. New CCRM clinics opened in \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ccrm-network-to-open-innovative-fertility-treatment-center-in-boston-300462844.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boston\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ccrm-to-open-state-of-the-art-fertility-clinic-in-san-francisco-bay-area-300480200.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco\u003c/a> in June, with another new U.S. location under construction.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>MTS Health Investors, a New York private equity firm, in 2015 created the Ovation Fertility chain by \u003ca href=\"http://www.ovationfertility.com/pressreleases/fertility-center-las-vegas-unites-leading-ivf-labs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scooping up four clinics\u003c/a> spanning the Sun Belt from Southern California to Nashville. This fall, Ovation \u003ca href=\"http://www.prweb.com/releases/2017/10/prweb14848816.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought two more clinics\u003c/a> in Louisiana. The chain touts its scale as an advantage for patients seeking help, saying on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.ovationfertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a> that “many heads are better than one.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>New services crop up to monitor fertility\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, entrepreneurs are promoting an array of new products aimed at assessing fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A $950 genetic test launched this year, called Fertilome, \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/08/02/infertility-genetic-test-fertilome/\" rel=\"noopener\">reports on the likelihood\u003c/a>that women have certain conditions linked to fertility problems, in an effort to help guide their next steps. The company behind it has marketed it with evening seminars aimed at working women, promising to outline “proactive steps you can take today to reach your future family building goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another startup called Modern Fertility has begun \u003ca href=\"https://modernfertility.com/product/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rolling out its test\u003c/a>, which measures various hormone levels including several correlated with how many eggs a women has in her ovaries. (Such “ovarian reserve” testing is an increasingly popular metric, though it has \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/10/10/ovarian-reserve-tests-fertility/\" rel=\"noopener\">some limitations\u003c/a>.) The Modern Fertility test, which reports a number akin to a credit score meant to be monitored over time, is now available for $149 at Quest Diagnostics laboratories and will soon be available for use at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"neAHvJ8RwQvOLndVFzPCL5SWB5qFRvx7\"]Then there’s egg freezing, a procedure pioneered for women trying to preserve their fertility before undergoing cancer treatments. In the last few years, it’s been rebranded as option for women who intend to put off pregnancy, perhaps because they want to pursue their careers or haven’t yet found a partner during their prime reproductive years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top Silicon Valley companies like Google, Apple, and Facebook now \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/egg-freezing-at-facebook-apple-google-hot-new-perk-2017-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">offer egg freezing as a benefit\u003c/a> to employees, while some clinics are hosting “\u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/sip-wine-and-chat-about-postponing-motherhood-at-an-egg-social/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">egg socials\u003c/a>” with wine and hors d’oeuvres to pitch women on its benefits. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/09/200-million-start-up-prelude-wants-to-stop-your-biological-clock.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More than 6,200\u003c/a> women froze their eggs at fertility clinics in the U.S. in 2015, up from 475 in 2009, according to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investors clearly see the opportunity: Extend Fertility, which says it’s \u003ca href=\"https://extendfertility.com/blog/extend-fertility-first-egg-freezing-practice-nyc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the first practice\u003c/a> in the U.S. dedicated solely to freezing eggs, opened in Manhattan a year and a half ago. It’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.northpeakcapital.com/private-equity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">backed by\u003c/a> the New York private equity firm North Peak Capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Sensing a market ready to take off\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The business minds at Lee Equity were first drawn to the fertility field by data showing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/01/14/moms-still-getting-older/\" rel=\"noopener\">climbing age of first-time mothers\u003c/a> in the U.S. They were intrigued, too, by the legalization of same-sex marriage, which could expand the pool of couples eager to seek out services such as in vitro fertilization, which costs an \u003ca href=\"https://www.fertilityiq.com/ivf/the-cost-of-ivf-by-city\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">average of $12,000\u003c/a> for a cycle but can double in price with extra services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as they began investigating the field, they found the potential market was greater still.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Probably the biggest surprise to us as we started to work on our investment thesis in this industry was just how low awareness is of fertility services — not only IVF, but also egg freezing, as well as donor eggs,” said Collins Ward, a partner at Lee Equity who’s leading the investment in Prelude, the chain of fertility clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cform id=\"mc4wp-form-1\" method=\"post\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/form>\n\u003cp>So Ward and his team built Prelude in part to help its newly acquired clinics revamp their marketing strategy. (Dr. Mehmet Oz, who’s perhaps medicine’s most influential marketer as host of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/03/dr-oz-show-faith-healing/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Dr. Oz Show\u003c/a>,” sits on Prelude’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.preludefertility.com/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">board of directors\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the clinics joining the Prelude network, that’s meant ad campaigns at the local level, both on social media and online as well on traditional channels like radio and print. Prelude is also pushing a national ad campaign on social media and digital channels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prelude’s goal: to pitch the chain as an one-stop-shop for fertility care, starting long before a woman is ready to conceive. We’re “making [the ads] more modern and speak to younger patients and younger Americans who live in social and digital media,” Ward said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that marketing, plus the aggressive expansion push, has “added significant costs,” Ward said — and the firm has been willing to invest in them, because of the promise of a sizable upside in years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You hear about private equity coming in, firing people, slashing jobs, cutting things down to the bone, and then trying to find an exit. That really hasn’t been the case in the IVF industry. The quality of care has remained very high … or gone up,” said Dr. David Sable, who previously spent years as an IVF doctor and now invests in biotech for a fund on Wall Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>When investors come calling, some doctors resist\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Fertility clinics are just the latest in a long list of medical practices that have caught the eye of private equity firms. They’ve already been buying up \u003ca href=\"http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20150418/MAGAZINE/304189980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">primary care practices\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.healio.com/ophthalmology/practice-management/news/print/ocular-surgery-news/%7B8d1790ce-902b-4d3f-8678-4d281bd366eb%7D/private-equity-offers-new-option-for-ophthalmology-practice-consolidation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ophthalmology practices\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/health/dermatology-skin-cancer.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dermatology clinics\u003c/a>. In some cases, doctors nearing retirement jump at the chance to sell stakes in their clinics, with an eye toward bolstering their own financial security and tapping into the business expertise of the new investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other doctors have resisted the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shady Grove Fertility, a fast-growing network of clinics in the mid-Atlantic region, has considered private equity investment “from time to time,” but hasn’t bitten yet, said CEO Mark Segal. Instead, it remains co-owned by 28 of its physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason: concern that outside investors could push the clinic toward “more of a focus on just continuing to add more patients,” Segal said, “without necessarily focusing on how that would impact patient care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being able to maintain that control of operations and decisions is important to us,” said Gada, one of the four doctors who co-owns Dallas Fort Worth Fertility Associates and has brushed off interest from private equity firms. He worries that the impromptu flexibility possible in a clinic like his — such as offering a discount to a woman coming back for a second or third IVF cycle — wouldn’t be possible in a chain backed by private equity money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no evidence so far that the consolidation of clinics is driving up costs for fertility treatment. But there’s no evidence it’s driving them down, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sable said despite their benefits, the growing chains aren’t providing what the industry truly needs: more affordable options that would open up fertility treatments to less wealthy Americans. As he put it: “We need the IVF version of the Holiday Inn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/04/infertility-industry-investment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The new push is to get young women to pay for pricey tests and services like freezing their eggs.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1512755311,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1802},"headData":{"title":"Investors Sense Big Money in Getting Young Women to Worry About Future Fertility | KQED","description":"The new push is to get young women to pay for pricey tests and services like freezing their eggs.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Investors Sense Big Money in Getting Young Women to Worry About Future Fertility","datePublished":"2017-12-05T08:01:25.000Z","dateModified":"2017-12-08T17:48:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"437427 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=437427","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/12/05/investors-see-big-money-in-infertility-and-theyre-transforming-the-industry/","disqusTitle":"Investors Sense Big Money in Getting Young Women to Worry About Future Fertility","nprByline":"Rebecca Robbins\u003c/br>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com\">STAT\u003c/a>","path":"/futureofyou/437427/investors-see-big-money-in-infertility-and-theyre-transforming-the-industry","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Investors searching for a new way to make big money in medicine have hit upon an age-old problem: infertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money isn’t just in treating older women who have spent years trying to conceive. It’s in persuading younger women, still in their 20s, to start worrying about their future fertility now — and to pay for pricey tests and services, such as egg freezing, as a hedge against problems down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Some doctors worry that the new ethos of treating fertility medicine as a cash cow may lead to clinics pushing patients toward unnecessary tests and services.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sensing a lucrative market, private equity firms are pouring money into building national chains of fertility clinics. Some are spending on splashy advertising and a deliberate strategy of reaching out to young women who are not yet trying to conceive. Venture capitalists are getting into the business, too; this year alone, PitchBook has tallied more than $178 million flowing into startups developing fertility products, such as a test that promises a credit-score-style rating of a woman’s fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new investors say they leave decisions about clinical practice to physicians. But they’re nonetheless transforming an industry that has long been \u003ca href=\"http://www.capstonellc.com/sites/default/files/Capstone%20Fertility%20Clinics%20Report%20Q1%202017.pdf#page=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dominated\u003c/a> by standalone clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Fertility experts see real benefits for patients: Clinics united into national chains have been sharing best practices, introducing newer technologies, and offering more flexible payment plans for customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some doctors see potential drawbacks, too. They worry that the new ethos of treating fertility medicine as a cash cow may lead to clinics pushing patients toward unnecessary tests and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some are concerned about the ethics of aggressively promoting fertility care such as egg freezing — which can cost \u003ca href=\"https://www.fertilityiq.com/egg-freezing/the-costs-of-egg-freezing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">between $14,000 and $18,000\u003c/a> per cycle in some cities — to healthy young women who may never need it. The procedure carries some risks to the woman and is no guarantee of a future pregnancy; IVF using frozen eggs has just a middling success rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a fine line that must be walked to steer clear of “preying on someone’s emotions,” said Dr. Ravi Gada, who co-owns Dallas Fort Worth Fertility Associates, which has turned away multiple overtures from private equity firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has nearly 500 fertility clinics. Among the recent shifts in ownership and approach:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Lee Equity Partners, a New York private equity firm, last year \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lee-equity-partners-martin-varsavsky-reproductive-biology-associates-and-my-egg-bank-north-america-launch-prelude-to-revolutionize-the-way-people-start-a-family-300345476.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought into\u003c/a> a large Atlanta fertility clinic and a frozen egg bank to launch a \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/miguelhelft/2016/10/17/prelude-fertility-200-million-startup-stop-biological-clock/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$200 million network\u003c/a> called Prelude Fertility. This fall, Prelude bought a majority share of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/prelude-fertility-expands-network-with-pacific-fertility-center-in-san-francisco-300524534.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">large San Francisco clinic\u003c/a> and then went even bigger by \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/prelude-fertility-partners-with-houston-fertility-institute-expanding-the-prelude-network-through-acquisition-of-vivere-health-300545071.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acquiring 22 new locations\u003c/a> stretching from Connecticut to Texas to Las Vegas. Prelude promotes itself both to patients “ready to build a family now” and those who “want to keep [their] options open for the future.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>TA Associates, a private equity firm with five offices around the globe, in 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ta.com/about/news/ta-associates-announces-investment-in-ccrm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought into\u003c/a> the Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, which had already begun to expand around the U.S. The investment has allowed to CCRM to “grow a bit faster,” by speeding hiring and infrastructure investments, according to Jon Pardew, CCRM’s CEO. New CCRM clinics opened in \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ccrm-network-to-open-innovative-fertility-treatment-center-in-boston-300462844.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boston\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ccrm-to-open-state-of-the-art-fertility-clinic-in-san-francisco-bay-area-300480200.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco\u003c/a> in June, with another new U.S. location under construction.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>MTS Health Investors, a New York private equity firm, in 2015 created the Ovation Fertility chain by \u003ca href=\"http://www.ovationfertility.com/pressreleases/fertility-center-las-vegas-unites-leading-ivf-labs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scooping up four clinics\u003c/a> spanning the Sun Belt from Southern California to Nashville. This fall, Ovation \u003ca href=\"http://www.prweb.com/releases/2017/10/prweb14848816.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought two more clinics\u003c/a> in Louisiana. The chain touts its scale as an advantage for patients seeking help, saying on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.ovationfertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a> that “many heads are better than one.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>New services crop up to monitor fertility\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, entrepreneurs are promoting an array of new products aimed at assessing fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A $950 genetic test launched this year, called Fertilome, \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/08/02/infertility-genetic-test-fertilome/\" rel=\"noopener\">reports on the likelihood\u003c/a>that women have certain conditions linked to fertility problems, in an effort to help guide their next steps. The company behind it has marketed it with evening seminars aimed at working women, promising to outline “proactive steps you can take today to reach your future family building goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another startup called Modern Fertility has begun \u003ca href=\"https://modernfertility.com/product/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rolling out its test\u003c/a>, which measures various hormone levels including several correlated with how many eggs a women has in her ovaries. (Such “ovarian reserve” testing is an increasingly popular metric, though it has \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/10/10/ovarian-reserve-tests-fertility/\" rel=\"noopener\">some limitations\u003c/a>.) The Modern Fertility test, which reports a number akin to a credit score meant to be monitored over time, is now available for $149 at Quest Diagnostics laboratories and will soon be available for use at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Then there’s egg freezing, a procedure pioneered for women trying to preserve their fertility before undergoing cancer treatments. In the last few years, it’s been rebranded as option for women who intend to put off pregnancy, perhaps because they want to pursue their careers or haven’t yet found a partner during their prime reproductive years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top Silicon Valley companies like Google, Apple, and Facebook now \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/egg-freezing-at-facebook-apple-google-hot-new-perk-2017-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">offer egg freezing as a benefit\u003c/a> to employees, while some clinics are hosting “\u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/sip-wine-and-chat-about-postponing-motherhood-at-an-egg-social/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">egg socials\u003c/a>” with wine and hors d’oeuvres to pitch women on its benefits. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/09/200-million-start-up-prelude-wants-to-stop-your-biological-clock.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More than 6,200\u003c/a> women froze their eggs at fertility clinics in the U.S. in 2015, up from 475 in 2009, according to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investors clearly see the opportunity: Extend Fertility, which says it’s \u003ca href=\"https://extendfertility.com/blog/extend-fertility-first-egg-freezing-practice-nyc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the first practice\u003c/a> in the U.S. dedicated solely to freezing eggs, opened in Manhattan a year and a half ago. It’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.northpeakcapital.com/private-equity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">backed by\u003c/a> the New York private equity firm North Peak Capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Sensing a market ready to take off\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The business minds at Lee Equity were first drawn to the fertility field by data showing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/01/14/moms-still-getting-older/\" rel=\"noopener\">climbing age of first-time mothers\u003c/a> in the U.S. They were intrigued, too, by the legalization of same-sex marriage, which could expand the pool of couples eager to seek out services such as in vitro fertilization, which costs an \u003ca href=\"https://www.fertilityiq.com/ivf/the-cost-of-ivf-by-city\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">average of $12,000\u003c/a> for a cycle but can double in price with extra services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as they began investigating the field, they found the potential market was greater still.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Probably the biggest surprise to us as we started to work on our investment thesis in this industry was just how low awareness is of fertility services — not only IVF, but also egg freezing, as well as donor eggs,” said Collins Ward, a partner at Lee Equity who’s leading the investment in Prelude, the chain of fertility clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cform id=\"mc4wp-form-1\" method=\"post\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/form>\n\u003cp>So Ward and his team built Prelude in part to help its newly acquired clinics revamp their marketing strategy. (Dr. Mehmet Oz, who’s perhaps medicine’s most influential marketer as host of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/03/dr-oz-show-faith-healing/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Dr. Oz Show\u003c/a>,” sits on Prelude’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.preludefertility.com/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">board of directors\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the clinics joining the Prelude network, that’s meant ad campaigns at the local level, both on social media and online as well on traditional channels like radio and print. Prelude is also pushing a national ad campaign on social media and digital channels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prelude’s goal: to pitch the chain as an one-stop-shop for fertility care, starting long before a woman is ready to conceive. We’re “making [the ads] more modern and speak to younger patients and younger Americans who live in social and digital media,” Ward said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that marketing, plus the aggressive expansion push, has “added significant costs,” Ward said — and the firm has been willing to invest in them, because of the promise of a sizable upside in years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You hear about private equity coming in, firing people, slashing jobs, cutting things down to the bone, and then trying to find an exit. That really hasn’t been the case in the IVF industry. The quality of care has remained very high … or gone up,” said Dr. David Sable, who previously spent years as an IVF doctor and now invests in biotech for a fund on Wall Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>When investors come calling, some doctors resist\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Fertility clinics are just the latest in a long list of medical practices that have caught the eye of private equity firms. They’ve already been buying up \u003ca href=\"http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20150418/MAGAZINE/304189980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">primary care practices\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.healio.com/ophthalmology/practice-management/news/print/ocular-surgery-news/%7B8d1790ce-902b-4d3f-8678-4d281bd366eb%7D/private-equity-offers-new-option-for-ophthalmology-practice-consolidation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ophthalmology practices\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/health/dermatology-skin-cancer.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dermatology clinics\u003c/a>. In some cases, doctors nearing retirement jump at the chance to sell stakes in their clinics, with an eye toward bolstering their own financial security and tapping into the business expertise of the new investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other doctors have resisted the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shady Grove Fertility, a fast-growing network of clinics in the mid-Atlantic region, has considered private equity investment “from time to time,” but hasn’t bitten yet, said CEO Mark Segal. Instead, it remains co-owned by 28 of its physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason: concern that outside investors could push the clinic toward “more of a focus on just continuing to add more patients,” Segal said, “without necessarily focusing on how that would impact patient care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being able to maintain that control of operations and decisions is important to us,” said Gada, one of the four doctors who co-owns Dallas Fort Worth Fertility Associates and has brushed off interest from private equity firms. He worries that the impromptu flexibility possible in a clinic like his — such as offering a discount to a woman coming back for a second or third IVF cycle — wouldn’t be possible in a chain backed by private equity money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no evidence so far that the consolidation of clinics is driving up costs for fertility treatment. But there’s no evidence it’s driving them down, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sable said despite their benefits, the growing chains aren’t providing what the industry truly needs: more affordable options that would open up fertility treatments to less wealthy Americans. As he put it: “We need the IVF version of the Holiday Inn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/04/infertility-industry-investment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/437427/investors-see-big-money-in-infertility-and-theyre-transforming-the-industry","authors":["byline_futureofyou_437427"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_283","futureofyou_1021"],"featImg":"futureofyou_437428","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_435969":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_435969","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"435969","score":null,"sort":[1508276628000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ovarian-reserve-test-marketed-as-fertility-measure-doesnt-work-study","title":"Popular Fertility Test Doesn't Work, Study Says","publishDate":1508276628,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":54,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Tests that measure a woman’s “ovarian reserve” to estimate how many more years of fertility she has have grown increasingly popular. But a new study finds that levels of the hormones commonly tested aren’t tied to lower chances of getting pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The new research, published in the \u003cem>Journal of the American Medical Association\u003c/em>, looked at three markers: anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and inhibin B.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Women with low values are going to have unnecessary anxiety, and women with high values may be incorrectly reassured.'\u003ccite>Dr. Anne Steiner, University of North Carolina\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s led to a boom in ovarian reserve testing, both in the clinic and with direct-to-consumer tests from companies. One startup, Modern Fertility, is pre-selling a new $149 fertility test that measures FSH, AMH, and other fertility hormones. The company says physicians will tally all those measures up and calculate a “fertility score.” Previous research has correlated levels of the three hormones with the number of eggs a woman has in her ovaries — a measure known as “ovarian reserve.” Studies have suggested that information could be used to predict how well a woman will respond to in vitro fertilization. But in recent years, as more women are delaying pregnancy until later ages, ovarian reserve tests have begun to be used as a way to test for future fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women are already using these as fertility tests. Over the years, they’ve worked their way into being in the mainstream without evidence,” said Dr. Anne Steiner, a reproductive endocrinologist at the University of North Carolina and one of the study’s authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we get older, fertility becomes a giant egg-shaped question mark,” the company said in an August blog post announcing the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new study finds that looking at levels FSH, AMH, and inhibin B isn’t an answer to the question of fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steiner and her colleagues analyzed data from 750 women between ages 30 and 44 who didn’t have any known fertility problems, had been trying to get pregnant for three months or less, and lived with a male partner. Women who had lower levels of the biomarkers — indicating “diminished ovarian reserve” — weren’t any less likely to get pregnant in the first year than women who had higher levels of the biomarkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, ovarian reserve tests run the risk of giving women an inaccurate impression of their future chances of having children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women with low values are going to have unnecessary anxiety, and women with high values may be incorrectly reassured,” Steiner said. She added that women shouldn’t use the tests to decide whether to freeze their eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caveats: The outcome studied was getting pregnant, not carrying a healthy pregnancy fully to term. It also only followed women for the first year they were trying to get pregnant. And the researchers didn’t run any fertility tests on the partners of the women involved in the study — though Steiner pointed out that direct-to-consumer fertility tests only test women’s levels as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Stephen Collins of the Yale Fertility Center, who wasn’t affiliated with the study, said that with this evidence in hand, doctors and the makers of direct-to-consumer tests should be upfront about the evidence for FSH, AMH, and inhibin B tests to predict fertility in the short term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As practitioners, we need to recognize the limitations of the tests that we’re offering,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/10/10/ovarian-reserve-tests-fertility/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tests that measure 'ovarian reserve' to estimate how many years of fertility women have left are increasingly popular. But a new study finds that levels of the hormones tested aren’t tied to lower chances of pregnancy.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1508342957,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":645},"headData":{"title":"Popular Fertility Test Doesn't Work, Study Says | KQED","description":"Tests that measure 'ovarian reserve' to estimate how many years of fertility women have left are increasingly popular. But a new study finds that levels of the hormones tested aren’t tied to lower chances of pregnancy.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Popular Fertility Test Doesn't Work, Study Says","datePublished":"2017-10-17T21:43:48.000Z","dateModified":"2017-10-18T16:09:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"435969 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=435969","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/17/ovarian-reserve-test-marketed-as-fertility-measure-doesnt-work-study/","disqusTitle":"Popular Fertility Test Doesn't Work, Study Says","nprByline":"Megan Thielking\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>","path":"/futureofyou/435969/ovarian-reserve-test-marketed-as-fertility-measure-doesnt-work-study","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tests that measure a woman’s “ovarian reserve” to estimate how many more years of fertility she has have grown increasingly popular. But a new study finds that levels of the hormones commonly tested aren’t tied to lower chances of getting pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The new research, published in the \u003cem>Journal of the American Medical Association\u003c/em>, looked at three markers: anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and inhibin B.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Women with low values are going to have unnecessary anxiety, and women with high values may be incorrectly reassured.'\u003ccite>Dr. Anne Steiner, University of North Carolina\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s led to a boom in ovarian reserve testing, both in the clinic and with direct-to-consumer tests from companies. One startup, Modern Fertility, is pre-selling a new $149 fertility test that measures FSH, AMH, and other fertility hormones. The company says physicians will tally all those measures up and calculate a “fertility score.” Previous research has correlated levels of the three hormones with the number of eggs a woman has in her ovaries — a measure known as “ovarian reserve.” Studies have suggested that information could be used to predict how well a woman will respond to in vitro fertilization. But in recent years, as more women are delaying pregnancy until later ages, ovarian reserve tests have begun to be used as a way to test for future fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women are already using these as fertility tests. Over the years, they’ve worked their way into being in the mainstream without evidence,” said Dr. Anne Steiner, a reproductive endocrinologist at the University of North Carolina and one of the study’s authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we get older, fertility becomes a giant egg-shaped question mark,” the company said in an August blog post announcing the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new study finds that looking at levels FSH, AMH, and inhibin B isn’t an answer to the question of fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steiner and her colleagues analyzed data from 750 women between ages 30 and 44 who didn’t have any known fertility problems, had been trying to get pregnant for three months or less, and lived with a male partner. Women who had lower levels of the biomarkers — indicating “diminished ovarian reserve” — weren’t any less likely to get pregnant in the first year than women who had higher levels of the biomarkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, ovarian reserve tests run the risk of giving women an inaccurate impression of their future chances of having children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women with low values are going to have unnecessary anxiety, and women with high values may be incorrectly reassured,” Steiner said. She added that women shouldn’t use the tests to decide whether to freeze their eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caveats: The outcome studied was getting pregnant, not carrying a healthy pregnancy fully to term. It also only followed women for the first year they were trying to get pregnant. And the researchers didn’t run any fertility tests on the partners of the women involved in the study — though Steiner pointed out that direct-to-consumer fertility tests only test women’s levels as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Stephen Collins of the Yale Fertility Center, who wasn’t affiliated with the study, said that with this evidence in hand, doctors and the makers of direct-to-consumer tests should be upfront about the evidence for FSH, AMH, and inhibin B tests to predict fertility in the short term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As practitioners, we need to recognize the limitations of the tests that we’re offering,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/10/10/ovarian-reserve-tests-fertility/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/435969/ovarian-reserve-test-marketed-as-fertility-measure-doesnt-work-study","authors":["byline_futureofyou_435969"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_283","futureofyou_1377","futureofyou_520"],"featImg":"futureofyou_436216","label":"futureofyou_54"},"futureofyou_206961":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_206961","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"206961","score":null,"sort":[1468974371000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sisters-ovaries-removed-frozen-reimplanted-to-beat-the-biological-clock","title":"Sisters' Ovaries Frozen Then Reimplanted to Beat the Biological Clock","publishDate":1468974371,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>When Sarah Gardner was 34, she started getting worried about whether she'd ever have a baby. So she took a test that aims to measure a woman's fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results terrified her. They indicated she had the fertility of a woman a decade older — a woman in her mid-40s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was devastated,\" Gardner says. The news hit her especially hard because she was in the midst of breaking up with her longtime boyfriend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew that being a mom was something I wanted in my life,\" she says. \"And I knew that it would be very difficult to achieve that, given that I was about to be single. So, yeah, I was devastated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her hunt for a solution, Gardner eventually found \u003ca href=\"http://www.infertile.com/dr-silber/\">Dr. Sherman Silber\u003c/a>, a surgeon who runs the Infertility Center of St. Louis. As Shots \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/12/24/167705397/chance-to-pause-biological-clock-with-ovarian-transplant-stirs-debate\">reported in 2012\u003c/a>, when we first met Gardner and her doctor, Silber does something controversial among infertility specialists — he removes and freezes the ovaries of healthy women to put their biological clocks on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that the ovaries can then be thawed and returned to the women via surgery when they're ready to try to have children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_206991\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/sarah-joanne.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-206991\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/sarah-joanne.jpg\" alt=\"Joanne Gardner (left) and Sarah Gardner each had an ovary removed and frozen when they were in their 30s. Now 44, the women had the ovaries reimplanted in June.\" width=\"400\" height=\"263\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joanne Gardner (left) and Sarah Gardner each had an ovary removed and frozen when they were in their 30s. Now 44, the women had the ovaries reimplanted in June. \u003ccite>(Courtesty of Joanne and Sarah Gardner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gardner, who lives in Australia, discussed that option with her twin sister, Joanne, who lives in London. Joanne was also worried about running out of time to have kids. So both sisters decided to undergo the procedure, as a hedge against their dwindling fertility odds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What it gave us was huge amounts of relief,\" Sarah Gardner says. \"It really just took a huge weight off us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the Gardner twins are 44; Sarah just got engaged and wants to finally try to have a baby. She and Joanne both returned to St. Louis in June to get their ovaries reimplanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's weird,\" Sarah Gardner says. \"It's like we went in a time machine — a fertility time machine. It's amazing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only do the sisters hope their reimplanted ovaries will help them get pregnant, they are also hoping the procedure will reverse their menopause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm really excited,\" Sarah says. \"It will be really nice to not have another hot flash.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/10/06/446324220/freezing-ovaries-before-cancer-treatment-may-preserve-fertility\">approach \u003c/a>was originally developed for women who are being treated for cancer and hope to preserve their fertility but don't have time to freeze their eggs. Some cancer treatments can destroy fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although removing ovarian tissue (or an entire ovary) and preserving it, then reimplanting it years later has produced promising results for such women, it remains far from clear how often the multistep procedure works. It's still considered experimental. The Gardner sisters may be the first women without a history of cancer to have undergone it, according to Silber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egg freezing, on the other hand, has been studied more extensively. And many experts say egg freezing, with its far from certain success, is much safer than going through two surgical procedures to have an ovary removed and later reimplanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://weillcornell.org/gschattman\">Dr. Glenn Schattman\u003c/a>, an associate professor of reproductive medicine at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, says recommending ovarian freezing for women who don't have cancer is \"irresponsible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Silber says freezing, thawing and reimplanting an ovary is easier, more reliable and safer than egg freezing; typically, harvesting the ovary and reimplanting it can both be done on an outpatient basis, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, when an entire ovary is frozen, women don't have to undergo the weeks of hormonal injections required to ripen the multiple eggs that are extracted when the eggs are to be frozen, Silber says. And the total cost of the procedure to remove, freeze, thaw and and reimplant and reattach an ovary — less than $3,000 — is much lower, he says, than the cost of going through several attempts to collect eggs for freezing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are huge advantages to this,\" Silber says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Gardner sisters are once again home in Australia and England. They're both waiting for their periods to start again and hope to be pregnant by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wouldn't that be nice?\" Sarah Gardner says, adding that she and her sister realize that the doctors can't guarantee success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to leave it up to the gods or the universe,\" she says, \"and see what happens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twin+Sisters+Try+To+Get+Pregnant+With+Ovaries+They+Froze+In+2009&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Each twin had an ovary removed and frozen in 2009, when they were in their 30s, in hopes of buying more time to get pregnant and have babies. But will the thawed, reimplanted ovaries work?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1468975667,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":772},"headData":{"title":"Sisters' Ovaries Frozen Then Reimplanted to Beat the Biological Clock | KQED","description":"Each twin had an ovary removed and frozen in 2009, when they were in their 30s, in hopes of buying more time to get pregnant and have babies. But will the thawed, reimplanted ovaries work?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Sisters' Ovaries Frozen Then Reimplanted to Beat the Biological Clock","datePublished":"2016-07-20T00:26:11.000Z","dateModified":"2016-07-20T00:47:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"206961 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=206961","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/19/sisters-ovaries-removed-frozen-reimplanted-to-beat-the-biological-clock/","disqusTitle":"Sisters' Ovaries Frozen Then Reimplanted to Beat the Biological Clock","nprByline":"Rob Stein\u003cbr />NPR Shots","nprImageAgency":"Courtesy of The Infertility Center of St. Louis","nprStoryId":"485838529","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=485838529&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/19/485838529/twin-sisters-try-to-get-pregnant-with-ovaries-they-froze-in-2009?ft=nprml&f=485838529","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 19 Jul 2016 12:55:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 19 Jul 2016 04:43:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 19 Jul 2016 12:55:42 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2016/07/20160719_me_twin_sisters_try_to_get_pregnant_with_ovaries_they_froze_in_2012.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=231&p=3&story=485838529&t=progseg&e=486571463&seg=7&ft=nprml&f=485838529","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1486571640-f7cab0.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=231&p=3&story=485838529&t=progseg&e=486571463&seg=7&ft=nprml&f=485838529","path":"/futureofyou/206961/sisters-ovaries-removed-frozen-reimplanted-to-beat-the-biological-clock","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2016/07/20160719_me_twin_sisters_try_to_get_pregnant_with_ovaries_they_froze_in_2012.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=231&p=3&story=485838529&t=progseg&e=486571463&seg=7&ft=nprml&f=485838529","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Sarah Gardner was 34, she started getting worried about whether she'd ever have a baby. So she took a test that aims to measure a woman's fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results terrified her. They indicated she had the fertility of a woman a decade older — a woman in her mid-40s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was devastated,\" Gardner says. The news hit her especially hard because she was in the midst of breaking up with her longtime boyfriend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew that being a mom was something I wanted in my life,\" she says. \"And I knew that it would be very difficult to achieve that, given that I was about to be single. So, yeah, I was devastated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her hunt for a solution, Gardner eventually found \u003ca href=\"http://www.infertile.com/dr-silber/\">Dr. Sherman Silber\u003c/a>, a surgeon who runs the Infertility Center of St. Louis. As Shots \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/12/24/167705397/chance-to-pause-biological-clock-with-ovarian-transplant-stirs-debate\">reported in 2012\u003c/a>, when we first met Gardner and her doctor, Silber does something controversial among infertility specialists — he removes and freezes the ovaries of healthy women to put their biological clocks on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that the ovaries can then be thawed and returned to the women via surgery when they're ready to try to have children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_206991\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/sarah-joanne.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-206991\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/sarah-joanne.jpg\" alt=\"Joanne Gardner (left) and Sarah Gardner each had an ovary removed and frozen when they were in their 30s. Now 44, the women had the ovaries reimplanted in June.\" width=\"400\" height=\"263\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joanne Gardner (left) and Sarah Gardner each had an ovary removed and frozen when they were in their 30s. Now 44, the women had the ovaries reimplanted in June. \u003ccite>(Courtesty of Joanne and Sarah Gardner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gardner, who lives in Australia, discussed that option with her twin sister, Joanne, who lives in London. Joanne was also worried about running out of time to have kids. So both sisters decided to undergo the procedure, as a hedge against their dwindling fertility odds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What it gave us was huge amounts of relief,\" Sarah Gardner says. \"It really just took a huge weight off us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the Gardner twins are 44; Sarah just got engaged and wants to finally try to have a baby. She and Joanne both returned to St. Louis in June to get their ovaries reimplanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's weird,\" Sarah Gardner says. \"It's like we went in a time machine — a fertility time machine. It's amazing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only do the sisters hope their reimplanted ovaries will help them get pregnant, they are also hoping the procedure will reverse their menopause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm really excited,\" Sarah says. \"It will be really nice to not have another hot flash.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/10/06/446324220/freezing-ovaries-before-cancer-treatment-may-preserve-fertility\">approach \u003c/a>was originally developed for women who are being treated for cancer and hope to preserve their fertility but don't have time to freeze their eggs. Some cancer treatments can destroy fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although removing ovarian tissue (or an entire ovary) and preserving it, then reimplanting it years later has produced promising results for such women, it remains far from clear how often the multistep procedure works. It's still considered experimental. The Gardner sisters may be the first women without a history of cancer to have undergone it, according to Silber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egg freezing, on the other hand, has been studied more extensively. And many experts say egg freezing, with its far from certain success, is much safer than going through two surgical procedures to have an ovary removed and later reimplanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://weillcornell.org/gschattman\">Dr. Glenn Schattman\u003c/a>, an associate professor of reproductive medicine at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, says recommending ovarian freezing for women who don't have cancer is \"irresponsible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Silber says freezing, thawing and reimplanting an ovary is easier, more reliable and safer than egg freezing; typically, harvesting the ovary and reimplanting it can both be done on an outpatient basis, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, when an entire ovary is frozen, women don't have to undergo the weeks of hormonal injections required to ripen the multiple eggs that are extracted when the eggs are to be frozen, Silber says. And the total cost of the procedure to remove, freeze, thaw and and reimplant and reattach an ovary — less than $3,000 — is much lower, he says, than the cost of going through several attempts to collect eggs for freezing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are huge advantages to this,\" Silber says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Gardner sisters are once again home in Australia and England. They're both waiting for their periods to start again and hope to be pregnant by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wouldn't that be nice?\" Sarah Gardner says, adding that she and her sister realize that the doctors can't guarantee success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to leave it up to the gods or the universe,\" she says, \"and see what happens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twin+Sisters+Try+To+Get+Pregnant+With+Ovaries+They+Froze+In+2009&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/206961/sisters-ovaries-removed-frozen-reimplanted-to-beat-the-biological-clock","authors":["byline_futureofyou_206961"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_283","futureofyou_80"],"featImg":"futureofyou_206962","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_66238":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_66238","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"66238","score":null,"sort":[1447697851000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"can-a-new-screening-catch-fertility-issues-earlier","title":"Can a New Screening Catch Fertility Issues Earlier?","publishDate":1447697851,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Women’s Health | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":219,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Around 10 percent of women may have a biological clock that ticks even faster than normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These women, whose ovaries are older than their actual age because of something called \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhumanreprod.com/infertilityedu/causes/poa/\">premature ovarian aging\u003c/a> (POA), often don’t know there are any issues until they are already having problems getting pregnant. By then, the only options left may be expensive procedures like in vitro fertilization (IVF) or using an egg donor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, these women would have a way to find about their fast-aging ovaries before they experience fertility issues. This is where a new set of tests from a startup called \u003ca href=\"https://www.whatsmyfertility.com/\">What’s My Fertility\u003c/a> comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Women should start thinking about their reproductive health at an earlier age.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Lynn M. Westphal, MD, Stanford University Medical Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>What's My Fertility offers three blood tests, including a genetic test, as well as a questionnaire to help determine if a woman is at a higher risk for fertility troubles. If she is, then her doctor can do regular screenings to figure out when her number of eggs is likely to fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The questionnaire helps shed light on a patients' family history. If her mother or sister has POA, then she is at a higher risk for it too. Another factor is whether the patient has an autoimmune disease, like lupus. Women who have these diseases or who have relatives with them are at higher risk for POA as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still another part of the screen is to look at a woman’s \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMR1\">FMR1 gene\u003c/a>. There are certain versions, or alleles, of this gene that can put women at a higher risk for POA. But like the other factors, these different gene versions are not a for sure thing. If you have them, you won’t automatically have trouble having children later in life. You’ll just be at a higher risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will Women Be More Proactive?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, women can then be more proactive about their fertility. She might decide to freeze her eggs or maybe have her first child at a younger age than she expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And experts say it isn’t just these 10 percent of women who need to know more about their fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-66262\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800.jpg\" alt=\"Women's fertility becomes more and more of an issue as women wait longer and longer to have kids. (CDC)\" width=\"800\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800-400x190.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women's fertility becomes more and more of an issue as women wait longer and longer to have kids. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db152.htm\">CDC\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Lynn M. Westphal, MD, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Stanford University Medical Center, many women underestimate how hard it is for the average woman to get pregnant in their late thirties or early forties. They often arrive in her office with limited options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's unfortunate given that a simple blood test can determine a woman’s \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_reserve\">ovarian reserve\u003c/a> (OR), a scientific way of determining how many good eggs a female patient has left. If more women took this test earlier, they might avoid problems later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course these issues become more and more important as women wait longer and longer to have their first child. According to the CDC, the number of women waiting until their late thirties and early forties to have their first child \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/births.htm\">continues to go up\u003c/a>, year after year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's My Fertility isn't the silver bullet solution, as there are many different factors that can affect a woman's fertility that aren't included in the screen. But it's a start, at least, in helping women initiate a conversation with their doctor -- and potentially improve their odds.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"What's My Fertility offers three blood tests, including a genetic test, as well as a questionnaire to help determine if a woman is at a higher risk for fertility troubles. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477273282,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":587},"headData":{"title":"Can a New Screening Catch Fertility Issues Earlier? | KQED","description":"What's My Fertility offers three blood tests, including a genetic test, as well as a questionnaire to help determine if a woman is at a higher risk for fertility troubles. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Can a New Screening Catch Fertility Issues Earlier?","datePublished":"2015-11-16T18:17:31.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T01:41:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"66238 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=66238","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/11/16/can-a-new-screening-catch-fertility-issues-earlier/","disqusTitle":"Can a New Screening Catch Fertility Issues Earlier?","path":"/futureofyou/66238/can-a-new-screening-catch-fertility-issues-earlier","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Around 10 percent of women may have a biological clock that ticks even faster than normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These women, whose ovaries are older than their actual age because of something called \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhumanreprod.com/infertilityedu/causes/poa/\">premature ovarian aging\u003c/a> (POA), often don’t know there are any issues until they are already having problems getting pregnant. By then, the only options left may be expensive procedures like in vitro fertilization (IVF) or using an egg donor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, these women would have a way to find about their fast-aging ovaries before they experience fertility issues. This is where a new set of tests from a startup called \u003ca href=\"https://www.whatsmyfertility.com/\">What’s My Fertility\u003c/a> comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Women should start thinking about their reproductive health at an earlier age.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Lynn M. Westphal, MD, Stanford University Medical Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>What's My Fertility offers three blood tests, including a genetic test, as well as a questionnaire to help determine if a woman is at a higher risk for fertility troubles. If she is, then her doctor can do regular screenings to figure out when her number of eggs is likely to fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The questionnaire helps shed light on a patients' family history. If her mother or sister has POA, then she is at a higher risk for it too. Another factor is whether the patient has an autoimmune disease, like lupus. Women who have these diseases or who have relatives with them are at higher risk for POA as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still another part of the screen is to look at a woman’s \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMR1\">FMR1 gene\u003c/a>. There are certain versions, or alleles, of this gene that can put women at a higher risk for POA. But like the other factors, these different gene versions are not a for sure thing. If you have them, you won’t automatically have trouble having children later in life. You’ll just be at a higher risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will Women Be More Proactive?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, women can then be more proactive about their fertility. She might decide to freeze her eggs or maybe have her first child at a younger age than she expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And experts say it isn’t just these 10 percent of women who need to know more about their fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-66262\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800.jpg\" alt=\"Women's fertility becomes more and more of an issue as women wait longer and longer to have kids. (CDC)\" width=\"800\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/11/Oldermoms800-400x190.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women's fertility becomes more and more of an issue as women wait longer and longer to have kids. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db152.htm\">CDC\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Lynn M. Westphal, MD, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Stanford University Medical Center, many women underestimate how hard it is for the average woman to get pregnant in their late thirties or early forties. They often arrive in her office with limited options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's unfortunate given that a simple blood test can determine a woman’s \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_reserve\">ovarian reserve\u003c/a> (OR), a scientific way of determining how many good eggs a female patient has left. If more women took this test earlier, they might avoid problems later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course these issues become more and more important as women wait longer and longer to have their first child. According to the CDC, the number of women waiting until their late thirties and early forties to have their first child \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/births.htm\">continues to go up\u003c/a>, year after year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's My Fertility isn't the silver bullet solution, as there are many different factors that can affect a woman's fertility that aren't included in the screen. But it's a start, at least, in helping women initiate a conversation with their doctor -- and potentially improve their odds.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/66238/can-a-new-screening-catch-fertility-issues-earlier","authors":["6177"],"series":["futureofyou_219"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062"],"tags":["futureofyou_283","futureofyou_80"],"featImg":"futureofyou_66971","label":"futureofyou_219"},"futureofyou_52032":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_52032","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"52032","score":null,"sort":[1445529656000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"young-women-use-mobile-apps-to-avoid-pregnancy","title":"'Demystifying Womanhood with Data'","publishDate":1445529656,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/FB-ATSRH.html\" target=\"_blank\">half of all American teens\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> have had sex by the time they turn 17, according to a 2013 study, and many are woefully underprepared. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A quarter of young women responding to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/4410712.html\" target=\"_blank\">Guttmacher Institute survey\u003c/a> in 2009 had \"low\" knowledge about contraception. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm63e0408.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">CDC data \u003c/a>for 2006 to 2010 found that 83 percent of sexually experienced teen girls reported no formal sex education until after they'd had sex for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, many young people are turning to a slew of mobile apps that aim to provide statistics, education and support. Some of these apps are teaching teens about sex and recommending birth control; others are helping young women better understand their menstrual cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a great place to go for sex advice. Questions range from ‘What is this discharge?’ to ‘Which dress do you like better?’’\u003ccite>Alyssa Padron\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Alyssa Padron, 20, starting using iPhone apps to track her period about two years ago. She dabbled with the Period Tracker Lite app, before switching to the \u003ca href=\"https://glowing.com/help/eve_by_glow\" target=\"_blank\">Eve \u003c/a>app after it launched in July. The Eve app resonated with her as it is designed for women her age who are not trying to get pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got my first period pretty late, when I was 17, and started tracking right away,” says Padron. “You obviously can’t control what your body does, but I like to feel prepared and to know what to expect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jeanette Lager, an OB/GYN at UCSF Medical Center, says she sees a lot of young patients who track their menstrual cycles using their phones. She says it \"creates a more interactive conversation\" with patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes it more efficient for doctors to take a quick glance,\" Lager says, \"and see what a patient’s cycle has been like for the past six months.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Period tracking is harmless enough, but Lager and other doctors are wary of apps that advise women on birth control options. Each patient's medical history is different, and selecting the optimal birth control method often requires an in-person discussion with a professional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Logging Data and Asking Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eve aims to teach young women like Padron about their sexual health and fertility. Beyond period tracking, it allows women to log their sexual activity, moods and symptoms. More importantly, it provides in-app communities where women can discuss sex-related topics and talk about the pros and cons of various birth control methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One in-app community is the \"sexplanations\" section, where users share their thoughts and experiences on range of topics, and are encouraged to “ask anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a great place to go for sex advice,\" said Padron. \"Questions range from ‘what is this discharge?’ to ‘which dress do you like better?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52651\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 219px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-52651\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/y7eBd8peoJgO7YbAcsZV-AaQLY8zOzXW1M930D9iZYA.png\" alt=\"A new app called Eve helps women avoid getting pregnant. \" width=\"219\" height=\"390\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new app called Eve helps women avoid getting pregnant. \u003ccite>(Glow )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Formerly known as Ruby, Eve is the latest product from a company called \u003ca href=\"https://glowing.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Glow\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which was started by PayPal cofounder Max Levchin in an effort to “demystify womanhood” with data.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glow's latest version of Eve allows women to rate sex, and log it the morning after as opposed to the night of. They can also log exercise, indulgences like ice cream and, in an effort to make the app less \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Heteronormative\" target=\"_blank\">heteronormative\u003c/a>, sex with non-male partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padron says app makers should make an effort to appeal to young audiences with an accessible tone that doesn't feel too scientific. She prefers using Eve as it asks explicitly about sex and includes \"cute little pictures that look like emojis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The birth control section of the app was created in partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://bedsider.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Bedsider\u003c/a>, an online birth control support network, and includes information about an array of birth control options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, Lager is optimistic about the role mobile devices can play in educating young women about birth control and sexual health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the main risk or danger of an app like this,\" Lager says, \"is if someone were to go straight from the app to moving forward [with birth control], without having a discussion with a professional.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, she continued, mobile apps may prove to be a vital resource for young patients who are nervous about discussing their sexual health, or have difficulty accessing a provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any opportunity for education is vital,\" Lager says. \"And teenage girls are on their phones all the time.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"From tracking menstrual cycles to sex advice, mobile apps offer young women education and community.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477273677,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":773},"headData":{"title":"'Demystifying Womanhood with Data' | KQED","description":"From tracking menstrual cycles to sex advice, mobile apps offer young women education and community.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"'Demystifying Womanhood with Data'","datePublished":"2015-10-22T16:00:56.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T01:47:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"52032 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=52032","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/10/22/young-women-use-mobile-apps-to-avoid-pregnancy/","disqusTitle":"'Demystifying Womanhood with Data'","path":"/futureofyou/52032/young-women-use-mobile-apps-to-avoid-pregnancy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/FB-ATSRH.html\" target=\"_blank\">half of all American teens\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> have had sex by the time they turn 17, according to a 2013 study, and many are woefully underprepared. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A quarter of young women responding to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/4410712.html\" target=\"_blank\">Guttmacher Institute survey\u003c/a> in 2009 had \"low\" knowledge about contraception. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm63e0408.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">CDC data \u003c/a>for 2006 to 2010 found that 83 percent of sexually experienced teen girls reported no formal sex education until after they'd had sex for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, many young people are turning to a slew of mobile apps that aim to provide statistics, education and support. Some of these apps are teaching teens about sex and recommending birth control; others are helping young women better understand their menstrual cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a great place to go for sex advice. Questions range from ‘What is this discharge?’ to ‘Which dress do you like better?’’\u003ccite>Alyssa Padron\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Alyssa Padron, 20, starting using iPhone apps to track her period about two years ago. She dabbled with the Period Tracker Lite app, before switching to the \u003ca href=\"https://glowing.com/help/eve_by_glow\" target=\"_blank\">Eve \u003c/a>app after it launched in July. The Eve app resonated with her as it is designed for women her age who are not trying to get pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got my first period pretty late, when I was 17, and started tracking right away,” says Padron. “You obviously can’t control what your body does, but I like to feel prepared and to know what to expect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jeanette Lager, an OB/GYN at UCSF Medical Center, says she sees a lot of young patients who track their menstrual cycles using their phones. She says it \"creates a more interactive conversation\" with patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes it more efficient for doctors to take a quick glance,\" Lager says, \"and see what a patient’s cycle has been like for the past six months.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Period tracking is harmless enough, but Lager and other doctors are wary of apps that advise women on birth control options. Each patient's medical history is different, and selecting the optimal birth control method often requires an in-person discussion with a professional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Logging Data and Asking Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eve aims to teach young women like Padron about their sexual health and fertility. Beyond period tracking, it allows women to log their sexual activity, moods and symptoms. More importantly, it provides in-app communities where women can discuss sex-related topics and talk about the pros and cons of various birth control methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One in-app community is the \"sexplanations\" section, where users share their thoughts and experiences on range of topics, and are encouraged to “ask anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a great place to go for sex advice,\" said Padron. \"Questions range from ‘what is this discharge?’ to ‘which dress do you like better?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52651\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 219px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-52651\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/y7eBd8peoJgO7YbAcsZV-AaQLY8zOzXW1M930D9iZYA.png\" alt=\"A new app called Eve helps women avoid getting pregnant. \" width=\"219\" height=\"390\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new app called Eve helps women avoid getting pregnant. \u003ccite>(Glow )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Formerly known as Ruby, Eve is the latest product from a company called \u003ca href=\"https://glowing.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Glow\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which was started by PayPal cofounder Max Levchin in an effort to “demystify womanhood” with data.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glow's latest version of Eve allows women to rate sex, and log it the morning after as opposed to the night of. They can also log exercise, indulgences like ice cream and, in an effort to make the app less \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Heteronormative\" target=\"_blank\">heteronormative\u003c/a>, sex with non-male partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padron says app makers should make an effort to appeal to young audiences with an accessible tone that doesn't feel too scientific. She prefers using Eve as it asks explicitly about sex and includes \"cute little pictures that look like emojis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The birth control section of the app was created in partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://bedsider.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Bedsider\u003c/a>, an online birth control support network, and includes information about an array of birth control options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, Lager is optimistic about the role mobile devices can play in educating young women about birth control and sexual health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the main risk or danger of an app like this,\" Lager says, \"is if someone were to go straight from the app to moving forward [with birth control], without having a discussion with a professional.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, she continued, mobile apps may prove to be a vital resource for young patients who are nervous about discussing their sexual health, or have difficulty accessing a provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any opportunity for education is vital,\" Lager says. \"And teenage girls are on their phones all the time.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/52032/young-women-use-mobile-apps-to-avoid-pregnancy","authors":["6620"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060"],"tags":["futureofyou_283","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_620","futureofyou_621"],"featImg":"futureofyou_52652","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_2712":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_2712","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"2712","score":null,"sort":[1431019389000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-these-mobile-apps-are-helping-couples-conceive","title":"How These Mobile Apps are Helping Couples Conceive","publishDate":1431019389,"format":"image","headTitle":"Women’s Health | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":219,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Mobile devices are teaching modern women something their ancient counterparts knew thousands of years ago: How to track fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may seem like a niche opportunity, but a sizable chunk of the U.S. population suffers from fertility issues. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/infertility.htm\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, \u003c/a>6.7 million women in the U.S. struggle with infertility, representing 10.9 percent of women aged 15 to 44.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About one-third of these cases is \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhumanreprod.com/infertilityedu/causes/unexplained/\">diagnosed as “unexplained infertility,”\u003c/a> meaning that doctors can find no underlying cause from diagnostic testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past fifty years, the medical community has developed an arsenal of methods to overcome reproductive hurdles. Women can choose to freeze their eggs, take fertility drugs, get artificially inseminated, use a surrogate, or undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF) -- all options that cost tens, or even hundreds of thousands, of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, when a woman struggles to conceive, a gap exists between the “keep trying” strategy and the decision to shell out a year’s salary or more for fertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new crop of fertility startups are working to bridge the gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2787\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 353px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-2787\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-1-450x600.jpeg\" alt=\"Kindara user Abby WInship\" width=\"353\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-1-450x600.jpeg 450w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-1-400x533.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-1-885x1180.jpeg 885w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-1-1180x1573.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-1-960x1280.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kindara user Abby WInship \u003ccite>(Kindara)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There is not much in the middle between doing nothing and undergoing assistive reproductive treatments, which can be quite invasive and stressful,\" said Will Sacks, cofounder and chief executive of a mobile app called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kindara.com/\">Kindara Health.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kindara, along with fellow fertility startups, are leveraging mobile devices, connected hardware and reproductive science to help women take their fertility into their own hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kindara’s mobile product is based on \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/fertility-awareness\">Fertility Awareness Methods\u003c/a>\" where women chart their primary fertility signs to gauge what time of the month they are most fertile. Based on that data, Kindara provides charts that show women where they are in their cycle and their corresponding fertility levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the app, Kindara recently released a \u003ca href=\"https://kindara.com/wink\">connected fertility thermometer\u003c/a> called Wink that reads basal body temperature and automatically syncs that data to the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacks said Kindara’s overarching goal is to help women better understand their reproductive health, whether or not they are trying to get pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The cultural messaging to women is that your body is owned partially by the state, partially by God, and it is a scary black box that it is best to ignore or stay away from,” Sacks said. “As a result, so many women never really have a relationship with their cycle or understand it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can These Apps Help Women Get Pregnant? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacks founded Kindara with his girlfriend Kati Bicknell after the couple began practicing fertility awareness as an alternative to conventional birth control methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They realized there was a serious lack of available information about fertility awareness and wanted to build a company that made it easier to learn about and adhere to. While their initial interest was in tracking physiological signs as a form of birth control, 60 percent of women using Kindara are trying to get pregnant. According to Sacks, the app has helped over 60,000 women get pregnant since its launch two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2788\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 436px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-2788\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-2.jpeg\" alt=\"Kirsten Karchmer, CEO of the Conceivable app\" width=\"436\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-2.jpeg 745w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-2-400x276.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kirsten Karchmer, CEO of the Conceivable app \u003ccite>(Conceivable)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike Sacks, who admittedly knew nothing about fertility until somewhat recently, Kirsten Hurder-Karchmer had 15 years of experience running one of the largest fertility wellness clinics in North America before founding her fertility startup, \u003ca href=\"https://www.conceivable.com/\">Conceivable\u003c/a>. Austin, Texas-based Hurder-Karchmer is a reproductive acupuncturist who specializes in integrating Eastern and Western medicine to improve reproductive health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conceivable offers a version of her fertility program that is delivered via a mobile app. It addresses three key areas: Menstrual cycle, lifestyle, and mindfulness -- all \u003ca href=\"https://conceivable-static.s3.amazonaws.com/media/The_Science_Behind_Conceivable.pdf\">based on the findings of dozens of studies from peer-reviewed journals.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lifestyle matters more than people think when it comes to getting pregnant,” Hurder-Karchmer said. “Diet, water consumption, weight, how active you are, your alcohol and tobacco use -- all these factors affect your fertility.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18226626\"> team of Harvard researchers\u003c/a> found that replacing animal sources of protein with vegetable sources of protein can reduce the risk of ovulatory infertility. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9797089\">A study from Hopkins\u003c/a> found that women who are attempting to conceive should abstain from consuming alcohol. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Stress+reduces+conception+probabilities+across+the+fertile+window\">NIH researchers \u003c/a>discovered that stress significantly reduces the probability of conception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Conceivable app uses these findings and many others to help women adopt a lifestyle that optimizes their fertility. The app provides veggie-centric meal plans and recipes; helps regulate daily consumption of water, soda, and alcoholic drinks; tracks sleeping patterns and exercise; and promotes therapeutic practices to help reduce stress and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants in the program also receive three distinct herbal remedies a month. The herbal approach has drawn plenty of skepticism from devotees of Western medicine, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036524\">there are some recent studies\u003c/a> that suggest it can help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loriana Aldama, who recently tried out Conceivable, said she got pregnant in seven months, after trying IVF twice. Her fertility doctor had told her that her chances were \"slim to nothing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fertility Tracking Apps are a Big Trend\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There has been a veritable flowering of fertility tracking apps over the past couple years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other well-known apps in the space include \u003ca href=\"http://www.helloclue.com/\">Clue\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ovuline.com/\">Ovia Fertility\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fertilityfriend.com/iphone/\">Fertility Friend,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/lily-your-personal-private/id400529549?mt=8\">Lily\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://glowing.com/\">Glow\u003c/a>, to name a few. Glow rocketed this sector into the spotlight after its founder -- well-known entrepreneur and PayPal cofounder Max Levchin -- \u003ca href=\"http://allthingsd.com/20130529/max-levchins-glow-fertility-app-the-full-session-video/\">unveiled Glow at the AllThingsD (now Recode) conference\u003c/a>, where he created a stir by discussing “cervical mucus” on stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Clue founder Ida Tin said that while interest in this space is exciting, there is still a long way to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we have a menstruation revolution going on and it is all coming from startups,” Tin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No big players in the field have taken this completely foundational part of human life and turned it into a really serious grown up digital product. Female health has been so under-served, even though it is one of the biggest areas for spending in the health industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than tracking basal body temperature and cervical mucus -- like Kindara, Ovia, and Glow -- Clue uses the calendar method, which forecasts fertility based on your last period’s start and end dates, as well as additional information like mood or cramps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of these apps functions by collecting intimate, highly personal data, which raises questions about privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"I think we have a menstruation revolution going on and it is all coming from startups.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Ida Tin, founder of the Clue app\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Advertisers are already targeting consumers with offers based on their purchasing behavior. Back in 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2012/02/16/how-target-figured-out-a-teen-girl-was-pregnant-before-her-father-did/\">Target set off a firestorm\u003c/a> when it figured out that a teen girl was pregnant based on her purchases -- before her father knew -- and sent her pregnancy and baby-related coupons in the mail. Data from these fertility apps would take those capabilities to a whole new level. Or what if an employer was able to access that data to discover if an employee was pregnant or trying to be? That information could affect hiring, promotion, or salary decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Kindara user Abby Winship Hoyes said that the benefits of using the app outweighs her privacy concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am aware of the potential privacy concerns, but frankly, they never bothered me,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as I'm concerned, if someone wants to troll through my often inconsistent and sometimes inaccurate data, more power to them. I should hope that I wouldn't suffer any discrimination based on what this data says about me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ancient Wisdom in a Mobile App?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of these startups is essentially channeling ancient wisdom about fertility into the form of a mobile app. The apps are using new technology to resurrect decidedly low-tech fertility practices that existed thousands of years before IVF, smartphones, or gynecologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these mobile apps are certainly helping to provide women with more options, Dr. Richard Paulson said it is important to remember there is only so much they can do. Dr. Paulson is the President Elect of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.asrm.org/\">American Society for Reproductive Medicine\u003c/a> and a professor of reproductive medicine at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In my mind, mobile apps fit in right at the beginning by helping people making sure the woman has regular ovulation and that they are having sex at the correct time,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there is some impediment preventing someone from getting pregnant, the apps won’t help, said Paulson. And more specialized treatments like IVF may become simpler, cheaper and less expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fertility is a spectrum. Most women are not exclusively fertile or infertile -- their fertility fluctuates depending on a complicated interplay of factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These mobile apps take varied, but similar approaches to helping women understand these fluctuations and empowering them to take their fertility into their own hands. However, if there are physiological impediments to getting pregnant -- such as endometriosis or blocked fallopian tubes -- a mobile app can only play a limited role in overcoming them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they can help women overcome are social stigmas that keep them removed from their own reproductive health. We still live in a society where a \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/instagram-censored-a-photo-of-woman-on-her-period-2015-3\">modest image of period blood is considered obscene.\u003c/a> For the millions of women with“unexplained infertility,” those social impediments can be the tallest.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"These mobile apps are leveraging mobile devices, connected hardware and reproductive science to help women take their fertility into their own hands.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477282647,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":44,"wordCount":1559},"headData":{"title":"How These Mobile Apps are Helping Couples Conceive | KQED","description":"These mobile apps are leveraging mobile devices, connected hardware and reproductive science to help women take their fertility into their own hands.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How These Mobile Apps are Helping Couples Conceive","datePublished":"2015-05-07T17:23:09.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T04:17:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"2712 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=2712","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/07/how-these-mobile-apps-are-helping-couples-conceive/","disqusTitle":"How These Mobile Apps are Helping Couples Conceive","path":"/futureofyou/2712/how-these-mobile-apps-are-helping-couples-conceive","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Mobile devices are teaching modern women something their ancient counterparts knew thousands of years ago: How to track fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may seem like a niche opportunity, but a sizable chunk of the U.S. population suffers from fertility issues. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/infertility.htm\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, \u003c/a>6.7 million women in the U.S. struggle with infertility, representing 10.9 percent of women aged 15 to 44.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About one-third of these cases is \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforhumanreprod.com/infertilityedu/causes/unexplained/\">diagnosed as “unexplained infertility,”\u003c/a> meaning that doctors can find no underlying cause from diagnostic testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past fifty years, the medical community has developed an arsenal of methods to overcome reproductive hurdles. Women can choose to freeze their eggs, take fertility drugs, get artificially inseminated, use a surrogate, or undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF) -- all options that cost tens, or even hundreds of thousands, of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, when a woman struggles to conceive, a gap exists between the “keep trying” strategy and the decision to shell out a year’s salary or more for fertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new crop of fertility startups are working to bridge the gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2787\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 353px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-2787\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-1-450x600.jpeg\" alt=\"Kindara user Abby WInship\" width=\"353\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-1-450x600.jpeg 450w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-1-400x533.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-1-885x1180.jpeg 885w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-1-1180x1573.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-1-960x1280.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kindara user Abby WInship \u003ccite>(Kindara)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There is not much in the middle between doing nothing and undergoing assistive reproductive treatments, which can be quite invasive and stressful,\" said Will Sacks, cofounder and chief executive of a mobile app called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kindara.com/\">Kindara Health.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kindara, along with fellow fertility startups, are leveraging mobile devices, connected hardware and reproductive science to help women take their fertility into their own hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kindara’s mobile product is based on \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/fertility-awareness\">Fertility Awareness Methods\u003c/a>\" where women chart their primary fertility signs to gauge what time of the month they are most fertile. Based on that data, Kindara provides charts that show women where they are in their cycle and their corresponding fertility levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the app, Kindara recently released a \u003ca href=\"https://kindara.com/wink\">connected fertility thermometer\u003c/a> called Wink that reads basal body temperature and automatically syncs that data to the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacks said Kindara’s overarching goal is to help women better understand their reproductive health, whether or not they are trying to get pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The cultural messaging to women is that your body is owned partially by the state, partially by God, and it is a scary black box that it is best to ignore or stay away from,” Sacks said. “As a result, so many women never really have a relationship with their cycle or understand it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can These Apps Help Women Get Pregnant? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacks founded Kindara with his girlfriend Kati Bicknell after the couple began practicing fertility awareness as an alternative to conventional birth control methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They realized there was a serious lack of available information about fertility awareness and wanted to build a company that made it easier to learn about and adhere to. While their initial interest was in tracking physiological signs as a form of birth control, 60 percent of women using Kindara are trying to get pregnant. According to Sacks, the app has helped over 60,000 women get pregnant since its launch two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2788\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 436px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-2788\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-2.jpeg\" alt=\"Kirsten Karchmer, CEO of the Conceivable app\" width=\"436\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-2.jpeg 745w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/05/Unknown-2-400x276.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kirsten Karchmer, CEO of the Conceivable app \u003ccite>(Conceivable)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike Sacks, who admittedly knew nothing about fertility until somewhat recently, Kirsten Hurder-Karchmer had 15 years of experience running one of the largest fertility wellness clinics in North America before founding her fertility startup, \u003ca href=\"https://www.conceivable.com/\">Conceivable\u003c/a>. Austin, Texas-based Hurder-Karchmer is a reproductive acupuncturist who specializes in integrating Eastern and Western medicine to improve reproductive health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conceivable offers a version of her fertility program that is delivered via a mobile app. It addresses three key areas: Menstrual cycle, lifestyle, and mindfulness -- all \u003ca href=\"https://conceivable-static.s3.amazonaws.com/media/The_Science_Behind_Conceivable.pdf\">based on the findings of dozens of studies from peer-reviewed journals.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lifestyle matters more than people think when it comes to getting pregnant,” Hurder-Karchmer said. “Diet, water consumption, weight, how active you are, your alcohol and tobacco use -- all these factors affect your fertility.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18226626\"> team of Harvard researchers\u003c/a> found that replacing animal sources of protein with vegetable sources of protein can reduce the risk of ovulatory infertility. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9797089\">A study from Hopkins\u003c/a> found that women who are attempting to conceive should abstain from consuming alcohol. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Stress+reduces+conception+probabilities+across+the+fertile+window\">NIH researchers \u003c/a>discovered that stress significantly reduces the probability of conception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Conceivable app uses these findings and many others to help women adopt a lifestyle that optimizes their fertility. The app provides veggie-centric meal plans and recipes; helps regulate daily consumption of water, soda, and alcoholic drinks; tracks sleeping patterns and exercise; and promotes therapeutic practices to help reduce stress and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants in the program also receive three distinct herbal remedies a month. The herbal approach has drawn plenty of skepticism from devotees of Western medicine, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036524\">there are some recent studies\u003c/a> that suggest it can help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loriana Aldama, who recently tried out Conceivable, said she got pregnant in seven months, after trying IVF twice. Her fertility doctor had told her that her chances were \"slim to nothing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fertility Tracking Apps are a Big Trend\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There has been a veritable flowering of fertility tracking apps over the past couple years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other well-known apps in the space include \u003ca href=\"http://www.helloclue.com/\">Clue\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ovuline.com/\">Ovia Fertility\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fertilityfriend.com/iphone/\">Fertility Friend,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/lily-your-personal-private/id400529549?mt=8\">Lily\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://glowing.com/\">Glow\u003c/a>, to name a few. Glow rocketed this sector into the spotlight after its founder -- well-known entrepreneur and PayPal cofounder Max Levchin -- \u003ca href=\"http://allthingsd.com/20130529/max-levchins-glow-fertility-app-the-full-session-video/\">unveiled Glow at the AllThingsD (now Recode) conference\u003c/a>, where he created a stir by discussing “cervical mucus” on stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Clue founder Ida Tin said that while interest in this space is exciting, there is still a long way to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we have a menstruation revolution going on and it is all coming from startups,” Tin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No big players in the field have taken this completely foundational part of human life and turned it into a really serious grown up digital product. Female health has been so under-served, even though it is one of the biggest areas for spending in the health industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than tracking basal body temperature and cervical mucus -- like Kindara, Ovia, and Glow -- Clue uses the calendar method, which forecasts fertility based on your last period’s start and end dates, as well as additional information like mood or cramps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of these apps functions by collecting intimate, highly personal data, which raises questions about privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"I think we have a menstruation revolution going on and it is all coming from startups.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Ida Tin, founder of the Clue app\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Advertisers are already targeting consumers with offers based on their purchasing behavior. Back in 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2012/02/16/how-target-figured-out-a-teen-girl-was-pregnant-before-her-father-did/\">Target set off a firestorm\u003c/a> when it figured out that a teen girl was pregnant based on her purchases -- before her father knew -- and sent her pregnancy and baby-related coupons in the mail. Data from these fertility apps would take those capabilities to a whole new level. Or what if an employer was able to access that data to discover if an employee was pregnant or trying to be? That information could affect hiring, promotion, or salary decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Kindara user Abby Winship Hoyes said that the benefits of using the app outweighs her privacy concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am aware of the potential privacy concerns, but frankly, they never bothered me,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as I'm concerned, if someone wants to troll through my often inconsistent and sometimes inaccurate data, more power to them. I should hope that I wouldn't suffer any discrimination based on what this data says about me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ancient Wisdom in a Mobile App?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of these startups is essentially channeling ancient wisdom about fertility into the form of a mobile app. The apps are using new technology to resurrect decidedly low-tech fertility practices that existed thousands of years before IVF, smartphones, or gynecologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these mobile apps are certainly helping to provide women with more options, Dr. Richard Paulson said it is important to remember there is only so much they can do. Dr. Paulson is the President Elect of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.asrm.org/\">American Society for Reproductive Medicine\u003c/a> and a professor of reproductive medicine at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In my mind, mobile apps fit in right at the beginning by helping people making sure the woman has regular ovulation and that they are having sex at the correct time,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there is some impediment preventing someone from getting pregnant, the apps won’t help, said Paulson. And more specialized treatments like IVF may become simpler, cheaper and less expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fertility is a spectrum. Most women are not exclusively fertile or infertile -- their fertility fluctuates depending on a complicated interplay of factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These mobile apps take varied, but similar approaches to helping women understand these fluctuations and empowering them to take their fertility into their own hands. However, if there are physiological impediments to getting pregnant -- such as endometriosis or blocked fallopian tubes -- a mobile app can only play a limited role in overcoming them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they can help women overcome are social stigmas that keep them removed from their own reproductive health. We still live in a society where a \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/instagram-censored-a-photo-of-woman-on-her-period-2015-3\">modest image of period blood is considered obscene.\u003c/a> For the millions of women with“unexplained infertility,” those social impediments can be the tallest.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/2712/how-these-mobile-apps-are-helping-couples-conceive","authors":["6620"],"series":["futureofyou_172","futureofyou_219"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060"],"tags":["futureofyou_288","futureofyou_290","futureofyou_286","futureofyou_283","futureofyou_138","futureofyou_287","futureofyou_289","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_285","futureofyou_284","futureofyou_275"],"featImg":"futureofyou_2786","label":"futureofyou_219"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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