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Facebook Rolls Out Photo Recognition For Blind Users
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No civil discourse, no cooperation; misinformation, mistruth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The problem goes beyond the Russians buying pro-Trump ads, he said. \"This is a global problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Palihapitiya, who post-Facebook became the founder and CEO of the venture capital firm Social Capital, also discusses a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bgr.in/news/fake-whatsapp-messages-lead-to-killing-of-7-alleged-kidnappers-in-jharkhand/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent incident in India\u003c/a> where fake WhatsApp messages warning of hoax kidnappings lead to the death of seven innocent people by lynching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">[contextly_sidebar id=\"Lw5Mvc0G9zydFy9AasACIr6hIbvOYYlz\"]\"It is eroding the core foundations of how people behave by and between each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommended people take a \"hard break\" from social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Start watching from roughly 21:21. It may cause you to question your relationship to a world of \"likes,\" \"hearts\" and \"thumbs ups.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\n\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"During a talk at the Stanford Graduate School of Business former Facebook executive Chamath Palihapitiya recommends people take a “hard break” from social media.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1513114343,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":229},"headData":{"title":"Former Facebook Executive Says Social Media is Dangerous to Civil Society | KQED","description":"During a talk at the Stanford Graduate School of Business former Facebook executive Chamath Palihapitiya recommends people take a “hard break” from social media.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Former Facebook Executive Says Social Media is Dangerous to Civil Society","datePublished":"2017-12-12T19:09:36.000Z","dateModified":"2017-12-12T21:32:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"437621 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=437621","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/12/12/former-facebook-executive-says-social-media-is-danger-to-civil-society/","disqusTitle":"Former Facebook Executive Says Social Media is Dangerous to Civil Society","source":"KQED Future of You","path":"/futureofyou/437621/former-facebook-executive-says-social-media-is-danger-to-civil-society","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/PMotykw0SIk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/PMotykw0SIk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>You might want to post this on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, you might not want to post this on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Video of a former executive of the social media company that ate the world is making the rounds on the internet today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chamath Palihapitiya, whose \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/chamath\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LinkedIn page\u003c/a> says he was Facebook's vice president of user growth for mobile and international, said in an interview at the Stanford Graduate School of Business that social media is eroding civil society around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"I feel tremendous guilt,\" said Palihapitiya. \"I think we have created tools that are ripping apart the social fabric of how society works. ... No civil discourse, no cooperation; misinformation, mistruth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The problem goes beyond the Russians buying pro-Trump ads, he said. \"This is a global problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Palihapitiya, who post-Facebook became the founder and CEO of the venture capital firm Social Capital, also discusses a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bgr.in/news/fake-whatsapp-messages-lead-to-killing-of-7-alleged-kidnappers-in-jharkhand/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent incident in India\u003c/a> where fake WhatsApp messages warning of hoax kidnappings lead to the death of seven innocent people by lynching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"It is eroding the core foundations of how people behave by and between each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommended people take a \"hard break\" from social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Start watching from roughly 21:21. It may cause you to question your relationship to a world of \"likes,\" \"hearts\" and \"thumbs ups.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\n\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/437621/former-facebook-executive-says-social-media-is-danger-to-civil-society","authors":["11088"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73","futureofyou_1061"],"tags":["futureofyou_178","futureofyou_174"],"collections":["futureofyou_1096"],"featImg":"futureofyou_437623","label":"source_futureofyou_437621"},"futureofyou_397018":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_397018","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"397018","score":null,"sort":[1497022253000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"7-specific-ways-social-media-companies-have-you-hooked","title":"7 Specific Tactics Social Media Companies Use to Keep You Hooked","publishDate":1497022253,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The idea that big tech companies like Facebook, Google and Apple are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/25/tristan-harris-brain-hacking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">addicting us to their products\u003c/a> has gained a fair amount of traction. That's thanks in large part to Tristan Harris, a former design ethicist at Google who has turned whistleblower of sorts by revealing the techniques tech companies use to instill all that compulsive clicking and scrolling into your brain. Harris appeared on \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/brain-hacking-tech-insiders-60-minutes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">60 Minutes\u003c/a>\" a couple of months ago, and last week he discussed the issue on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ewj4ql6pu9w&ab_channel=TimeWellSpent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bill Maher's HBO show\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s driving teenagers crazy.'\u003ccite>Tech design expert Tristan Harris on Snapchat's Snapstreaks feature.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many of the design elements these companies employ to ensnare users are derived from behavioral research and neuroscience, Harris and other experts claim. Here are seven such tricks of the trade used on popular tech platforms, as identified by these experts in interviews with KQED, other media outlets, and on \u003ca href=\"http://www.tristanharris.com/essays/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Harris' blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Snapstreaks (Snapchat)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This feature of the messaging app Snapchat tells users how many days in a row they’ve communicated with each other. Bloomberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-01-30/inside-the-mind-of-a-snapchat-streaker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> in January that some obsessed teenagers have been logging on just to keep their streaks alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those that have streaks, they provide a validation for the relationship,” Emily Weinstein, a Harvard University doctoral candidate studying adolescents and social media, told Bloomberg. “Attention to your streaks each day is a way of saying ‘We’re OK.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"7FumuTrhbkfbAZZFTQAs4skZNLMfGs2D\"]Spurring even more use: The company's use of hourglass emojis, notifying users when their streak is in jeopardy,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The makers built into the app a system so you have to check constantly or risk missing out,” Nancy Colier, a psychotherapist and author of The Power of Off,” told Bloomberg. “It taps into the primal fear of exclusion, of being out of the tribe and not able to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tristan Harris told KQED’s Lesley McClurg that \u003ca href=\"https://support.snapchat.com/en-US/a/Snaps-snapstreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Snapstreaks\u003c/a> “might sound like it's innocuous and kind of gamey, but if you have a number that's, say, over 100, you don't want to lose your streak. It's really persuasive. They just gave you something to lose.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris said teens who were unable to log on during vacations were giving their passwords to friends to keep their streaks going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s driving teenagers crazy,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Video Auto-Play (Netflix, Facebook, YouTube)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These companies are using the same principle to keep people viewing their content as the one demonstrated in a \u003ca href=\"http://foodpsychology.cornell.edu/discoveries/bottomless-bowls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study \u003c/a>involving trick bowls of soup, Harris wrote in his blog. As the subjects ate from them, the bowls were imperceptibly refilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study reported that the eaters who got the refills consumed 73 percent more soup than those who ate from normal bowls. The reason: They did not receive the visual cue of an empty bowl that would prompt them to stop eating. More food, more consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, says Harris, is why Netflix, Facebook and YouTube auto-play the next video after the one you are watching is finished, “instead of waiting for you to make a conscious choice. A huge portion of traffic on these websites is driven by auto-playing the next thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Continuous Scroll (Facebook, Twitter)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar to auto-play, perpetual replenishment of written material will keep you hunting for something you want to engage with.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'What's different today is that machines are being created to use these techniques.'\u003ccite>BJ Fogg, Stanford Persuasive Tech Lab\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“News feeds are purposely designed to auto-refill with reasons to keep you scrolling, and purposely eliminate any reason for you to pause, reconsider or leave,” Harris writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Continuous scroll is a proven way to keep you searching longer,\" said Ramsay Brown, the co-founder of a company that uses artificial intelligence and neuroscience to help app writers attract and retain users. \"You spend half your time on Facebook just scrolling to find one good piece worth looking at.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Invitations to Connect (LinkedIn)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When LinkedIn sends you emails prompting you to connect with someone, says Harris, the implication is that “this person made this conscious choice to invite me to connect and they're actually waiting there when I get that e-mail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says at play is a principle called social reciprocity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You imagine that person making a conscious choice to invite you, when in reality, they likely unconsciously responded to LinkedIn’s list of suggested contacts. In other words, LinkedIn turns your unconscious impulses (to “add” a person) into new social obligations that millions of people feel obligated to repay,\" he writes on his blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, If you accept an endorsement from someone through the site, LinkedIn \"takes advantage of your bias to reciprocate by offering four additional people for you to endorse in return.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And so we can sit there drowning in social obligations,\" Harris told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Notifications (Facebook, Instagram)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris and Brown believe that social media companies use a concept known as variable rewards, which is a technique slot machines employ to hook gamblers, and which will similarly keep users compulsively checking their phones due to the possibility some bit of social approval may be waiting there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The brain isn’t particularly craving any one little feel-good signal as much as it does a really good rhythm and pattern,” Brown told me. He says Facebook and Instagram tailor the timing of the “notifications” they deliver — on Facebook, indicated by that number in red at the top right of the screen — in order to deliver, literally, hits of dopamine to users at algorithmically determined times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes the companies will stockpile these notifications before delivering them all in a batch to maximize the emotional impact a user experiences, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like, hey, here’s the 30 likes we didn’t mention from a little while ago, “he told \"60 Minutes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Swiping Left or Right (Tinder)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fear of missing out” drives much of social media’s hold on people, writes Harris. “If I convince you that I’m a channel for important information, messages, friendships, or potential sexual opportunities — it will be hard for you to turn me off, unsubscribe, or remove your account — because (aha, I win) you might miss something important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is what will keep us swiping faces on a dating app like Tinder, \"even when we haven’t met up with anyone in a while. .. But if we zoom into that fear, we’ll discover that it’s unbounded: we’ll always miss something important at any point when we stop using something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. Photo Tagging: (Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting tagged in photos plays right into our need for social approval, Harris says. He contends that because Facebook actually prompts users to identify people in photos, it is artificially creating social approval for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This craving for validation also comes into play when we change our profile photo . \"Facebook knows that’s a moment when we’re vulnerable to social approval,\" he writes. \"What do my friends think of my new pic?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook can rank this \"event,\" such as it is, higher in the news feed, \"so it sticks around for longer and more friends will like or comment on it. Each time they like or comment on it, I’ll get pulled right back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_397048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-397048 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-1020x751.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-1020x751.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-800x589.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-768x565.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-1180x868.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-960x707.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-240x177.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-375x276.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-520x383.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image by IvanNikulin/iStock \u003ccite>(Image by IvanNikulin/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, some may ask: What's a successful social media app to do? Start kicking people off?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Asking technology companies, asking content creators to be less good at what they do feels like a ridiculous ask,” tech consultant Gabe Zichermann told “60 Minutes.” “It feels impossible. And also it’s very anti-capitalistic. This isn’t the system that we live in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should also be noted that Harris himself doesn’t necessarily think all of these strategies have been formulated intentionally by the companies \"Apple and Google’s designers didn’t want phones to work like slot machines,\" he wrote. “It emerged by accident.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BJ Fogg, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://captology.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Persuasive Tech Lab\u003c/a>, where many young entrepreneurs have learned methods like the ones mentioned above, told me a lot of these strategies have been employed by non-digital companies for a very long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What ‘s different today is that machines are being created to use these techniques,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed. Ramsay Brown put it this way:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have now developed a rigorous technology of the human mind, and that is both exciting and terrifying. We have the ability to twiddle some nobs in a machine learning dashboard we build, and around the world hundreds of thousands of people are going to quietly change their behavior in ways that, unbeknownst to them, feel second-nature but are really by design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which means that there’s a deep ethical imperative for us to use it for good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Facebook, Snapchat and Google did not respond to our requests for comment. LinkedIn declined to comment.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The tricks of the trade, according to researchers, social scientists and designers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1497114930,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":47,"wordCount":1607},"headData":{"title":"7 Specific Tactics Social Media Companies Use to Keep You Hooked | KQED","description":"The tricks of the trade, according to researchers, social scientists and designers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"7 Specific Tactics Social Media Companies Use to Keep You Hooked","datePublished":"2017-06-09T15:30:53.000Z","dateModified":"2017-06-10T17:15:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"397018 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=397018","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/06/09/7-specific-ways-social-media-companies-have-you-hooked/","disqusTitle":"7 Specific Tactics Social Media Companies Use to Keep You Hooked","source":"KQED Future of You","customPermalink":"2017/06/09/tech-design-compulsive/","path":"/futureofyou/397018/7-specific-ways-social-media-companies-have-you-hooked","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The idea that big tech companies like Facebook, Google and Apple are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/25/tristan-harris-brain-hacking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">addicting us to their products\u003c/a> has gained a fair amount of traction. That's thanks in large part to Tristan Harris, a former design ethicist at Google who has turned whistleblower of sorts by revealing the techniques tech companies use to instill all that compulsive clicking and scrolling into your brain. Harris appeared on \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/brain-hacking-tech-insiders-60-minutes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">60 Minutes\u003c/a>\" a couple of months ago, and last week he discussed the issue on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ewj4ql6pu9w&ab_channel=TimeWellSpent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bill Maher's HBO show\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s driving teenagers crazy.'\u003ccite>Tech design expert Tristan Harris on Snapchat's Snapstreaks feature.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many of the design elements these companies employ to ensnare users are derived from behavioral research and neuroscience, Harris and other experts claim. Here are seven such tricks of the trade used on popular tech platforms, as identified by these experts in interviews with KQED, other media outlets, and on \u003ca href=\"http://www.tristanharris.com/essays/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Harris' blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Snapstreaks (Snapchat)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This feature of the messaging app Snapchat tells users how many days in a row they’ve communicated with each other. Bloomberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-01-30/inside-the-mind-of-a-snapchat-streaker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> in January that some obsessed teenagers have been logging on just to keep their streaks alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those that have streaks, they provide a validation for the relationship,” Emily Weinstein, a Harvard University doctoral candidate studying adolescents and social media, told Bloomberg. “Attention to your streaks each day is a way of saying ‘We’re OK.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Spurring even more use: The company's use of hourglass emojis, notifying users when their streak is in jeopardy,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The makers built into the app a system so you have to check constantly or risk missing out,” Nancy Colier, a psychotherapist and author of The Power of Off,” told Bloomberg. “It taps into the primal fear of exclusion, of being out of the tribe and not able to survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tristan Harris told KQED’s Lesley McClurg that \u003ca href=\"https://support.snapchat.com/en-US/a/Snaps-snapstreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Snapstreaks\u003c/a> “might sound like it's innocuous and kind of gamey, but if you have a number that's, say, over 100, you don't want to lose your streak. It's really persuasive. They just gave you something to lose.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris said teens who were unable to log on during vacations were giving their passwords to friends to keep their streaks going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s driving teenagers crazy,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Video Auto-Play (Netflix, Facebook, YouTube)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These companies are using the same principle to keep people viewing their content as the one demonstrated in a \u003ca href=\"http://foodpsychology.cornell.edu/discoveries/bottomless-bowls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study \u003c/a>involving trick bowls of soup, Harris wrote in his blog. As the subjects ate from them, the bowls were imperceptibly refilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study reported that the eaters who got the refills consumed 73 percent more soup than those who ate from normal bowls. The reason: They did not receive the visual cue of an empty bowl that would prompt them to stop eating. More food, more consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, says Harris, is why Netflix, Facebook and YouTube auto-play the next video after the one you are watching is finished, “instead of waiting for you to make a conscious choice. A huge portion of traffic on these websites is driven by auto-playing the next thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Continuous Scroll (Facebook, Twitter)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar to auto-play, perpetual replenishment of written material will keep you hunting for something you want to engage with.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'What's different today is that machines are being created to use these techniques.'\u003ccite>BJ Fogg, Stanford Persuasive Tech Lab\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“News feeds are purposely designed to auto-refill with reasons to keep you scrolling, and purposely eliminate any reason for you to pause, reconsider or leave,” Harris writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Continuous scroll is a proven way to keep you searching longer,\" said Ramsay Brown, the co-founder of a company that uses artificial intelligence and neuroscience to help app writers attract and retain users. \"You spend half your time on Facebook just scrolling to find one good piece worth looking at.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Invitations to Connect (LinkedIn)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When LinkedIn sends you emails prompting you to connect with someone, says Harris, the implication is that “this person made this conscious choice to invite me to connect and they're actually waiting there when I get that e-mail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says at play is a principle called social reciprocity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You imagine that person making a conscious choice to invite you, when in reality, they likely unconsciously responded to LinkedIn’s list of suggested contacts. In other words, LinkedIn turns your unconscious impulses (to “add” a person) into new social obligations that millions of people feel obligated to repay,\" he writes on his blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, If you accept an endorsement from someone through the site, LinkedIn \"takes advantage of your bias to reciprocate by offering four additional people for you to endorse in return.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And so we can sit there drowning in social obligations,\" Harris told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Notifications (Facebook, Instagram)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris and Brown believe that social media companies use a concept known as variable rewards, which is a technique slot machines employ to hook gamblers, and which will similarly keep users compulsively checking their phones due to the possibility some bit of social approval may be waiting there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The brain isn’t particularly craving any one little feel-good signal as much as it does a really good rhythm and pattern,” Brown told me. He says Facebook and Instagram tailor the timing of the “notifications” they deliver — on Facebook, indicated by that number in red at the top right of the screen — in order to deliver, literally, hits of dopamine to users at algorithmically determined times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes the companies will stockpile these notifications before delivering them all in a batch to maximize the emotional impact a user experiences, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like, hey, here’s the 30 likes we didn’t mention from a little while ago, “he told \"60 Minutes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Swiping Left or Right (Tinder)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fear of missing out” drives much of social media’s hold on people, writes Harris. “If I convince you that I’m a channel for important information, messages, friendships, or potential sexual opportunities — it will be hard for you to turn me off, unsubscribe, or remove your account — because (aha, I win) you might miss something important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is what will keep us swiping faces on a dating app like Tinder, \"even when we haven’t met up with anyone in a while. .. But if we zoom into that fear, we’ll discover that it’s unbounded: we’ll always miss something important at any point when we stop using something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. Photo Tagging: (Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting tagged in photos plays right into our need for social approval, Harris says. He contends that because Facebook actually prompts users to identify people in photos, it is artificially creating social approval for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This craving for validation also comes into play when we change our profile photo . \"Facebook knows that’s a moment when we’re vulnerable to social approval,\" he writes. \"What do my friends think of my new pic?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook can rank this \"event,\" such as it is, higher in the news feed, \"so it sticks around for longer and more friends will like or comment on it. Each time they like or comment on it, I’ll get pulled right back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_397048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-397048 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-1020x751.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-1020x751.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-800x589.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-768x565.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-1180x868.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-960x707.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-240x177.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-375x276.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction-520x383.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/screenaddiction.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image by IvanNikulin/iStock \u003ccite>(Image by IvanNikulin/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, some may ask: What's a successful social media app to do? Start kicking people off?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Asking technology companies, asking content creators to be less good at what they do feels like a ridiculous ask,” tech consultant Gabe Zichermann told “60 Minutes.” “It feels impossible. And also it’s very anti-capitalistic. This isn’t the system that we live in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should also be noted that Harris himself doesn’t necessarily think all of these strategies have been formulated intentionally by the companies \"Apple and Google’s designers didn’t want phones to work like slot machines,\" he wrote. “It emerged by accident.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BJ Fogg, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://captology.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Persuasive Tech Lab\u003c/a>, where many young entrepreneurs have learned methods like the ones mentioned above, told me a lot of these strategies have been employed by non-digital companies for a very long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What ‘s different today is that machines are being created to use these techniques,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed. Ramsay Brown put it this way:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have now developed a rigorous technology of the human mind, and that is both exciting and terrifying. We have the ability to twiddle some nobs in a machine learning dashboard we build, and around the world hundreds of thousands of people are going to quietly change their behavior in ways that, unbeknownst to them, feel second-nature but are really by design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which means that there’s a deep ethical imperative for us to use it for good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Facebook, Snapchat and Google did not respond to our requests for comment. LinkedIn declined to comment.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/397018/7-specific-ways-social-media-companies-have-you-hooked","authors":["80"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73","futureofyou_1061"],"tags":["futureofyou_178","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_1183","futureofyou_1300","futureofyou_1296","futureofyou_1299","futureofyou_1298","futureofyou_1297"],"featImg":"futureofyou_406068","label":"source_futureofyou_397018"},"futureofyou_379828":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_379828","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"379828","score":null,"sort":[1495734058000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"tech-insiders-call-out-facebook-for-literally-manipulating-your-brain","title":"Tech Insiders Call Out Facebook for Literally Manipulating Your Brain","publishDate":1495734058,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In today's world, you'd have to be looking at your phone all the time not to notice that people are looking at their phones all the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The tycoons of social media have to stop pretending that they're friendly nerd-gods building a better world, and admit they're just tobacco farmers in t-shirts selling an addictive product to children.'\u003ccite>Bill Maher, on his HBO show\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some device owners are so enamored of their digital companions that even \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTOZjXjaCaE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">crossing a busy street\u003c/a> doesn't merit a little look-see at the 3-D world. Last year, when it came to \u003ca href=\"//ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/22/the-number-of-accident-reports-related-to-pokemon-go-is-getting-scary/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">playing\u003c/a> Pokémon Go, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=KvA9ZgC73vc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nasioopener noopener noreferrer\">driving a car\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/15/health/pokemon-go-players-fall-down-cliff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">walking toward a cliff\u003c/a> didn't rate some people's full attention, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"uCXUgpDo1aspjSPrtQWwsV2HUIwMUSVL\"]Recently, a former Google \"design ethicist\" named Tristan Harris has been on a crusade of sorts calling out tech companies like Facebook, Google and Apple for using behavioral techniques and neuroscience to keep you compulsively glued to your phone and computer screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris' campaign is starting to get a lot of media attention -- last month, \"60 Minutes\" ran a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/brain-hacking-tech-insiders-60-minutes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">segment\u003c/a> looking at the issue. That was followed by the comedian and tele-muckraker Bill Maher making it the subject of one of his HBO commentaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tycoons of social media have to stop pretending that they're friendly nerd-gods building a better world, and admit they're just tobacco farmers in t-shirts selling an addictive product to children,\" Maher opined. \"Because let's face it, checking your 'likes' is the new smoking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Apple, Google, Facebook? They are essentially drug dealers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's Maher's take (replete with his signature politically incorrect raunch):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KDqoTDM7tio\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the comedian's view may seem over-the-top, KQED's Lesley McClurg recently reported the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/17/theres-growing-consensus-the-internet-is-addictive/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> of a middle-school girl who became hooked on watching YouTube, before her parents sent her to to an actual addiction recovery clinic. The cost: $60,000, paid partly from their retirement accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reporting that story, McClurg interviewed Harris, the former Google ethicist. He called the practice of tech companies using scientific techniques that foster compulsivity \"brain hacking.\" Harris now runs a nonprofit called\u003ca href=\"http://www.timewellspent.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Time Well Spent\u003c/a>, whose home page invites people to \"reclaim our minds from being hijacked by technology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLtLeT9oxQnyqag7AVKQn1-WYUhKAHzj-b&v=tf9ZhU7zF8s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking about the current power of Google, Facebook and Apple to command our collective gaze, Harris tells McClurg: \"Never before in history have a handful of technology designers working at three tech companies ... influenced how a billion people spend their attention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris says that good, ethical design is being trumped by the quest for profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If your company’s goal and your stock price is based on how much attention they get from someone, it’s not really about ethics,\" he says. \"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They just have to do whatever it takes to get attention.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that has created an eyeballs-seeking arms race.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Asking technology companies, asking content creators to be less good at what they do feels like a ridiculous ask.'\u003ccite>Gabe Zichermann, author of 'The Gamification Revolution,' speaking to '60 Minutes'\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"After you finish watching a YouTube video,\" Harris notes, \"it auto-plays the next one right away, so you don't have to make a conscious choice. Let's say that creates a 5 percent lift in how much time people spend on YouTube. So Facebook is sitting there watching their traffic get siphoned away, and Facebook says we have to make our videos auto-play, too.\" (Neither Google nor Facebook returned a request for comment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook, meanwhile, has every incentive to keep you mousing through its news feed so it can sell more ads. Harris says that's one reason the company uses continuous scroll, so that new content will keep opening up as you hit the bottom of the page. But he thinks a more ethical design would be to enable what an individual user wants to do at any given moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Let's say \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">your friend texts you that dinner's off,\" he says. \"\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So there you are with \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">no plans, and you\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> open up Facebook. A\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">t that moment, Facebook has \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">about 1,000 people whose job is to get you to just click and scroll and \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">watch stuff on the news feed. And that will work. You'll probably end up \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sitting there, an hour later, just kind of having scrolled through the news feed.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At which point, says Harris, you will have fulfilled Facebook's mission, but perhaps not your own. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's not that we \u003cem>shouldn't\u003c/em> be concerned about book burning, but we \u003cem>should\u003c/em> be concerned about a society that distracts us from even wanting to read.' \u003ccite>Tristan Harris, former Google design ethicist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But what if Facebook actually asked you what you wanted to do, apart from just using Facebook? Like perhaps finding other people who have no plans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"It’s about agency,\" says Harris. \"Facebook would have to have some way before you just get dropped in the newsfeed, to say, 'What do you want right now?'\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>B.J. Fogg runs the Persuasive Technology Lab at Stanford, which teaches students to use these sticky techniques. Many employees of top tech companies, including a cofounder of Instagram, have participated in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fogg says he got to know some of the early Facebook employees, and found them genuinely motivated by a desire to do good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The individual people at Facebook, the people that I met, really wanted to make the world more harmonious, bring people together, create empathy and so on,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Where I think Tristan (Harris) and I would agree a lot is that often their business goals can be at odds with the human-centered approach to design. There's a conflict there between what they need to do as an advertising company and what's going to be really good for people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Amusing Ourselves to Death\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason this matters so much is that technology is going to get more and more persuasive, says Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're sitting \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">at the very edge of what will become a virtual reality and \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">augmented reality world. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If those worlds are e\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ven more persuasive in getting us to spend our time there, where is hum\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">an agency in that process?\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And then a warning.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"We have to have that conversation now because right now it's \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">driving toward not a good direction.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We have now developed a rigorous technology of the human mind, and that is both exciting and terrifying. We have the ability to twiddle some nobs in a machine learning dashboard we build, and around the world hundreds of thousands of people are going to quietly change their behavior ... .'\u003ccite>Ramsay Brown, co-founder, Dopamine Labs\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He cited a 1985 book, \"\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Amusing Ourselves to Death\u003c/a>,\" by Neil Postman, that distinguished between two dystopian visions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's one that most people already know: the \"1984\" Big Brother, surveillance future. We have all been trained to look out for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But there is this subtler second vision of power, which was the Aldous Huxley vision in \"\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_New_World\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Brave New World\u003c/a>,\" that's so good at giving us amusement and little bits of trivia. In other words, it's not that we \u003cem>shouldn't\u003c/em> be concerned about book burning, but we \u003cem>should\u003c/em> be concerned about a society that distracts us from even wanting to read.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's the Dopamine\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramsay Brown is the co-founder of \u003ca href=\"https://usedopamine.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dopamine Labs\u003c/a>, which uses artificial intelligence and neuroscience to help app writers attract and retain users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dopamine Labs makes no bones about what it's trying to do. From a \u003ca href=\"https://usedopamine.com/assets/pdf/Dopamine%20Labs%20Case%20Studies.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">promotional document\u003c/a> on its website.:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Keeping users engaged isn’t luck: it’s science. Give users the right \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/burst.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-392383\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/burst.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"71\" height=\"63\">\u003c/a> of dopamine at the right moment and they’ll stay longer and use your app more.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with rewards and addictive substances. The company is not just being glib when it says it will deliver the chemical to users. Dr. Elias Aboujaoude, the director of Stanford’s Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Clinic, told KQED's McClurg that dopamine and other feel-good brain chemicals spike in people who compulsively use the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown told me that social media companies use a concept known as variable rewards, something that slot machines use to hook gamblers, to similarly keep users clicking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The brain isn't particularly craving any one little feel-good signal as much as it does a really good rhythm and pattern,\" Brown said. Both he and Harris say Facebook and Instagram tailor the timing of the \"notifications\" they deliver to users -- the messages you get that are indicated by a number in red at the top right of the screen -- in order to deliver shots of dopamine to users at times determined by an algorithm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes there’s nothing waiting for you, sometimes there’s a friend request or someone wrote on your wall,\" Brown told me. \"Sometimes there’s just kind of like filler crap. It’s not pertinent to your life, but Facebook's algorithms have figured out that showing it to you then is going to be slightly more surprising then not showing it to you at all or showing it to you later.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These patterns will keep you coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Brown how he knew that's what Facebook was doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's obvious to anyone who knows the techniques,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvQxtotEX-M\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \"60 Minutes\" segment, Larry Rosen, a professor of psychology at California State University, Dominguez Hills, who researches the psychology of tech, said typically, people check their phones every 15 minutes or less. They're not just craving dopamine; he said they're seeking relief from the stress hormone cortisol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Half of the time, they check their phone, there’s no alert, no notification,\" said Rosen. \"It’s coming from inside their head, telling them, 'Gee I haven’t checked on Facebook for a while, I haven’t checked on this Twitter feed for a while. I wonder if someone commented on my Instagram post. That then generates cortisol and it starts to make you anxious. Eventually your goal is to get rid of that anxiety, so you check in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Anderson Cooper of \"60 Minutes\" put it: \"Their research suggests our phones are keeping us in a continual state of anxiety in which the only antidote is the phone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Doing Good\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramsay Brown says his own company uses this type of research to help only businesses or organizations it has determined are trying to do good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To break the habits we don't want in ourselves or make the habits we do want in ourselves,\" as he puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, Dopamine Labs created an \u003ca href=\"http://youjustneedspace.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">app\u003c/a> called \"Space,\" intended to help users break troublesome online habits by creating a delay before certain apps will open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple initially denied the app for placement in its app store. Brown says he was told by an Apple rep that the rejection came because any app that encouraged people to use other apps less was inappropriate for the store. After the \"60 Minutes\" segment aired, Apple \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/space-because-you-need-a-breather/id1187106675?mt=8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">accepted \u003c/a>the app. (An Apple spokesperson said the rejection had to do with a technical issue and that \"The adjustment had nothing to do with whether the app discouraged people from using other apps or not.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Dopamine Labs might choose clients according to its own definition of doing good, I wondered if the application of techniques that are as powerful and potentially insidious as he and other researchers say they are is justified, no matter what the product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are in a bit of a Robert Oppenheimer moment,\" Brown said, citing the scientist who is often called the father of the atomic bomb, and who later expressed a deep ambivalence about his work\u003cb>.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have now developed a rigorous technology of the human mind, and that is both exciting and terrifying. We have the ability to twiddle some nobs in a machine learning dashboard we build, and around the world hundreds of thousands of people are going to quietly change their behavior in ways that, unbeknownst to them, feel second-nature but are really by design.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Which means that there's a deep ethical imperative for us to use it for good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So What's the Harm?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As KQED's McClurg reported, addictions to social media, video games, texting, shopping and pornography are not officially listed disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. A consensus is growing, however, that compulsive online behavior is doing real harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of papers have been written on the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/06/does-facebook-really-make-you-depressed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">negative consequences of using Facebook\u003c/a>, alone. While some studies have also shown positive effects, Jean Twenge, a professor of psychology at San Diego State University and the author of \"Generation Me,\" says more rigorous research has come to a more negative conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Its pretty clear these days that spending more time on social media leads to a\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28093386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> more negative mood\u003c/a>,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenge says her research shows that the proliferation of the smartphone is having big effects on people born around 1995. She say that's when the millennial generation morphs into \"iGen\" -- also known as \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_Z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Generation Z\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_303.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plummeting employment rate of young men\u003c/a> as one macro-development related to iGen, and \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cited \u003c/span>the work of University of Chicago economist Erik Hurst. Last year, in a university \u003ca href=\"https://bfi.uchicago.edu/news/scholar-profile/faculty-spotlight-erik-hurst\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">profile\u003c/a>, Hurst discussed his research on the dwindling percentage of young males without a college degree in the labor force and this trend's connection to leisure-time technology:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In the 2000s, employment rates for this group dropped sharply – more than in any other group. We have determined that, in general, they are not going back to school or switching careers, so what are they doing with their time? The hours that they are not working have been replaced almost one for one with leisure time. Seventy-five percent of this new leisure time falls into one category: video games. The average low-skilled, unemployed man in this group plays video games an average of 12, and sometimes upwards of 30 hours per week. This change marks a relatively major shift that makes me question its effect on their attachment to the labor market.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Attention Economy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BJ Fogg says a lot of persuasion methods that Facebook and other tech companies use are not really new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He gave the example of Facebook birthday reminders, which often draw people back into the site to wish someone happy birthday. \"Reminders are not new,\" he said, citing Hallmark TV commercials about mother's day, for example. \"W\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">hat ‘s different today is that machines are being created to use these techniques.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, I am reminded that those of us who create text for public consumption have also been in the business of attention-grabbing for quite some time. This \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/12/how-the-media-came-to-embrace-clickbait-an-internet-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">excerpt\u003c/a> we recently posted from Tim Wu's book \"The Attention Merchants,\" is instructive; it takes you through the evolution and eventual mainstream adoption of clickbait -- those headlines that contain just the right words to whet your appetite for a click.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we here at KQED have yet to hire a an actual neuroscientist to help us craft the perfect syntactic arrangement to make our post on the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/25/volunteer-brown-pelican-count-aims-to-measure-recovery-of-once-endangered-birds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California brown pelican count\u003c/a> irresistible to a mass audience, we have sat through any number of workshops led by self-styled audience-whisperers. And we do use software tools to try to figure out what works and what doesn't in terms of getting people to read an article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isn't that, crudely, \u003cem>some\u003c/em> form of brain hacking?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The point being: \u003cem>Everyone\u003c/em> is in quest of your eyeballs. The question is how far will people go to get them. Where the line gets crossed from superior business model to dirty rotten trick is the subject of much debate, from the halls of government to academia to Thanksgiving brouhahas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the \"60 Minutes\" segment, Gabe Zichermann, who consults for companies on how to use \"\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamification\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gamification\u003c/a>\" to make their digital products more appealing, argued that attracting audience is simply the name of the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Asking technology companies, asking content creators to be less good at what they do feels like a ridiculous ask,\" he said. \"It feels impossible. And also it’s very anti-capitalistic. This isn’t the system that we live in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other side of that, expressed by Bill Maher in his televised rant:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The moral rot in this country began when corporate America decided it wasn’t enough to just successfully sell your product; people needed to be addicted to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meantime, while you wait for society to figure this issue out, it's probably best to take matters into your own compulsively typing hands. If you've ever said \"I wish I knew how to quit you\" to your phone, see Lesley McClurg's post, '\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/24/help-my-phone-is-ruining-my-life-8-tips-for-the-addicted\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Help! My Phone is Ruining My Life!\u003c/a>' for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/19/help-my-phone-is-ruining-my-life-8-tips-for-the-addicted/#tips\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eight tips\u003c/a> on how to detach.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A former Google ethicist is on a crusade to make people aware of what he says are manipulative techniques by tech companies to foster compulsive use of their products. The issue is now getting plenty of media play.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1503503229,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":75,"wordCount":2961},"headData":{"title":"Tech Insiders Call Out Facebook for Literally Manipulating Your Brain | KQED","description":"A former Google ethicist is on a crusade to make people aware of what he says are manipulative techniques by tech companies to foster compulsive use of their products. The issue is now getting plenty of media play.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Tech Insiders Call Out Facebook for Literally Manipulating Your Brain","datePublished":"2017-05-25T17:40:58.000Z","dateModified":"2017-08-23T15:47:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"379828 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=379828","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/25/tech-insiders-call-out-facebook-for-literally-manipulating-your-brain/","disqusTitle":"Tech Insiders Call Out Facebook for Literally Manipulating Your Brain","source":"KQED Future of You","customPermalink":"2017/05/25/tristan-harris-brain-hacking/","path":"/futureofyou/379828/tech-insiders-call-out-facebook-for-literally-manipulating-your-brain","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In today's world, you'd have to be looking at your phone all the time not to notice that people are looking at their phones all the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The tycoons of social media have to stop pretending that they're friendly nerd-gods building a better world, and admit they're just tobacco farmers in t-shirts selling an addictive product to children.'\u003ccite>Bill Maher, on his HBO show\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some device owners are so enamored of their digital companions that even \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTOZjXjaCaE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">crossing a busy street\u003c/a> doesn't merit a little look-see at the 3-D world. Last year, when it came to \u003ca href=\"//ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/22/the-number-of-accident-reports-related-to-pokemon-go-is-getting-scary/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">playing\u003c/a> Pokémon Go, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=KvA9ZgC73vc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nasioopener noopener noreferrer\">driving a car\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/15/health/pokemon-go-players-fall-down-cliff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">walking toward a cliff\u003c/a> didn't rate some people's full attention, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Recently, a former Google \"design ethicist\" named Tristan Harris has been on a crusade of sorts calling out tech companies like Facebook, Google and Apple for using behavioral techniques and neuroscience to keep you compulsively glued to your phone and computer screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris' campaign is starting to get a lot of media attention -- last month, \"60 Minutes\" ran a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/brain-hacking-tech-insiders-60-minutes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">segment\u003c/a> looking at the issue. That was followed by the comedian and tele-muckraker Bill Maher making it the subject of one of his HBO commentaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tycoons of social media have to stop pretending that they're friendly nerd-gods building a better world, and admit they're just tobacco farmers in t-shirts selling an addictive product to children,\" Maher opined. \"Because let's face it, checking your 'likes' is the new smoking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Apple, Google, Facebook? They are essentially drug dealers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's Maher's take (replete with his signature politically incorrect raunch):\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/KDqoTDM7tio'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/KDqoTDM7tio'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>While the comedian's view may seem over-the-top, KQED's Lesley McClurg recently reported the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/17/theres-growing-consensus-the-internet-is-addictive/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> of a middle-school girl who became hooked on watching YouTube, before her parents sent her to to an actual addiction recovery clinic. The cost: $60,000, paid partly from their retirement accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reporting that story, McClurg interviewed Harris, the former Google ethicist. He called the practice of tech companies using scientific techniques that foster compulsivity \"brain hacking.\" Harris now runs a nonprofit called\u003ca href=\"http://www.timewellspent.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Time Well Spent\u003c/a>, whose home page invites people to \"reclaim our minds from being hijacked by technology.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/tf9ZhU7zF8s'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/tf9ZhU7zF8s'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Speaking about the current power of Google, Facebook and Apple to command our collective gaze, Harris tells McClurg: \"Never before in history have a handful of technology designers working at three tech companies ... influenced how a billion people spend their attention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris says that good, ethical design is being trumped by the quest for profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If your company’s goal and your stock price is based on how much attention they get from someone, it’s not really about ethics,\" he says. \"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They just have to do whatever it takes to get attention.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that has created an eyeballs-seeking arms race.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Asking technology companies, asking content creators to be less good at what they do feels like a ridiculous ask.'\u003ccite>Gabe Zichermann, author of 'The Gamification Revolution,' speaking to '60 Minutes'\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"After you finish watching a YouTube video,\" Harris notes, \"it auto-plays the next one right away, so you don't have to make a conscious choice. Let's say that creates a 5 percent lift in how much time people spend on YouTube. So Facebook is sitting there watching their traffic get siphoned away, and Facebook says we have to make our videos auto-play, too.\" (Neither Google nor Facebook returned a request for comment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook, meanwhile, has every incentive to keep you mousing through its news feed so it can sell more ads. Harris says that's one reason the company uses continuous scroll, so that new content will keep opening up as you hit the bottom of the page. But he thinks a more ethical design would be to enable what an individual user wants to do at any given moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Let's say \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">your friend texts you that dinner's off,\" he says. \"\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So there you are with \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">no plans, and you\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> open up Facebook. A\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">t that moment, Facebook has \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">about 1,000 people whose job is to get you to just click and scroll and \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">watch stuff on the news feed. And that will work. You'll probably end up \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sitting there, an hour later, just kind of having scrolled through the news feed.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At which point, says Harris, you will have fulfilled Facebook's mission, but perhaps not your own. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's not that we \u003cem>shouldn't\u003c/em> be concerned about book burning, but we \u003cem>should\u003c/em> be concerned about a society that distracts us from even wanting to read.' \u003ccite>Tristan Harris, former Google design ethicist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But what if Facebook actually asked you what you wanted to do, apart from just using Facebook? Like perhaps finding other people who have no plans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"It’s about agency,\" says Harris. \"Facebook would have to have some way before you just get dropped in the newsfeed, to say, 'What do you want right now?'\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>B.J. Fogg runs the Persuasive Technology Lab at Stanford, which teaches students to use these sticky techniques. Many employees of top tech companies, including a cofounder of Instagram, have participated in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fogg says he got to know some of the early Facebook employees, and found them genuinely motivated by a desire to do good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The individual people at Facebook, the people that I met, really wanted to make the world more harmonious, bring people together, create empathy and so on,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Where I think Tristan (Harris) and I would agree a lot is that often their business goals can be at odds with the human-centered approach to design. There's a conflict there between what they need to do as an advertising company and what's going to be really good for people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Amusing Ourselves to Death\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason this matters so much is that technology is going to get more and more persuasive, says Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're sitting \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">at the very edge of what will become a virtual reality and \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">augmented reality world. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If those worlds are e\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ven more persuasive in getting us to spend our time there, where is hum\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">an agency in that process?\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And then a warning.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"We have to have that conversation now because right now it's \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">driving toward not a good direction.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We have now developed a rigorous technology of the human mind, and that is both exciting and terrifying. We have the ability to twiddle some nobs in a machine learning dashboard we build, and around the world hundreds of thousands of people are going to quietly change their behavior ... .'\u003ccite>Ramsay Brown, co-founder, Dopamine Labs\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He cited a 1985 book, \"\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Amusing Ourselves to Death\u003c/a>,\" by Neil Postman, that distinguished between two dystopian visions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's one that most people already know: the \"1984\" Big Brother, surveillance future. We have all been trained to look out for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But there is this subtler second vision of power, which was the Aldous Huxley vision in \"\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_New_World\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Brave New World\u003c/a>,\" that's so good at giving us amusement and little bits of trivia. In other words, it's not that we \u003cem>shouldn't\u003c/em> be concerned about book burning, but we \u003cem>should\u003c/em> be concerned about a society that distracts us from even wanting to read.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's the Dopamine\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramsay Brown is the co-founder of \u003ca href=\"https://usedopamine.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dopamine Labs\u003c/a>, which uses artificial intelligence and neuroscience to help app writers attract and retain users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dopamine Labs makes no bones about what it's trying to do. From a \u003ca href=\"https://usedopamine.com/assets/pdf/Dopamine%20Labs%20Case%20Studies.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">promotional document\u003c/a> on its website.:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Keeping users engaged isn’t luck: it’s science. Give users the right \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/burst.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-392383\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/burst.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"71\" height=\"63\">\u003c/a> of dopamine at the right moment and they’ll stay longer and use your app more.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with rewards and addictive substances. The company is not just being glib when it says it will deliver the chemical to users. Dr. Elias Aboujaoude, the director of Stanford’s Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Clinic, told KQED's McClurg that dopamine and other feel-good brain chemicals spike in people who compulsively use the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown told me that social media companies use a concept known as variable rewards, something that slot machines use to hook gamblers, to similarly keep users clicking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The brain isn't particularly craving any one little feel-good signal as much as it does a really good rhythm and pattern,\" Brown said. Both he and Harris say Facebook and Instagram tailor the timing of the \"notifications\" they deliver to users -- the messages you get that are indicated by a number in red at the top right of the screen -- in order to deliver shots of dopamine to users at times determined by an algorithm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes there’s nothing waiting for you, sometimes there’s a friend request or someone wrote on your wall,\" Brown told me. \"Sometimes there’s just kind of like filler crap. It’s not pertinent to your life, but Facebook's algorithms have figured out that showing it to you then is going to be slightly more surprising then not showing it to you at all or showing it to you later.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These patterns will keep you coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Brown how he knew that's what Facebook was doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's obvious to anyone who knows the techniques,\" he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/gvQxtotEX-M'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/gvQxtotEX-M'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>In the \"60 Minutes\" segment, Larry Rosen, a professor of psychology at California State University, Dominguez Hills, who researches the psychology of tech, said typically, people check their phones every 15 minutes or less. They're not just craving dopamine; he said they're seeking relief from the stress hormone cortisol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Half of the time, they check their phone, there’s no alert, no notification,\" said Rosen. \"It’s coming from inside their head, telling them, 'Gee I haven’t checked on Facebook for a while, I haven’t checked on this Twitter feed for a while. I wonder if someone commented on my Instagram post. That then generates cortisol and it starts to make you anxious. Eventually your goal is to get rid of that anxiety, so you check in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Anderson Cooper of \"60 Minutes\" put it: \"Their research suggests our phones are keeping us in a continual state of anxiety in which the only antidote is the phone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Doing Good\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramsay Brown says his own company uses this type of research to help only businesses or organizations it has determined are trying to do good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To break the habits we don't want in ourselves or make the habits we do want in ourselves,\" as he puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, Dopamine Labs created an \u003ca href=\"http://youjustneedspace.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">app\u003c/a> called \"Space,\" intended to help users break troublesome online habits by creating a delay before certain apps will open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple initially denied the app for placement in its app store. Brown says he was told by an Apple rep that the rejection came because any app that encouraged people to use other apps less was inappropriate for the store. After the \"60 Minutes\" segment aired, Apple \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/space-because-you-need-a-breather/id1187106675?mt=8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">accepted \u003c/a>the app. (An Apple spokesperson said the rejection had to do with a technical issue and that \"The adjustment had nothing to do with whether the app discouraged people from using other apps or not.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Dopamine Labs might choose clients according to its own definition of doing good, I wondered if the application of techniques that are as powerful and potentially insidious as he and other researchers say they are is justified, no matter what the product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are in a bit of a Robert Oppenheimer moment,\" Brown said, citing the scientist who is often called the father of the atomic bomb, and who later expressed a deep ambivalence about his work\u003cb>.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have now developed a rigorous technology of the human mind, and that is both exciting and terrifying. We have the ability to twiddle some nobs in a machine learning dashboard we build, and around the world hundreds of thousands of people are going to quietly change their behavior in ways that, unbeknownst to them, feel second-nature but are really by design.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Which means that there's a deep ethical imperative for us to use it for good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So What's the Harm?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As KQED's McClurg reported, addictions to social media, video games, texting, shopping and pornography are not officially listed disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. A consensus is growing, however, that compulsive online behavior is doing real harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of papers have been written on the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/06/does-facebook-really-make-you-depressed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">negative consequences of using Facebook\u003c/a>, alone. While some studies have also shown positive effects, Jean Twenge, a professor of psychology at San Diego State University and the author of \"Generation Me,\" says more rigorous research has come to a more negative conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Its pretty clear these days that spending more time on social media leads to a\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28093386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> more negative mood\u003c/a>,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenge says her research shows that the proliferation of the smartphone is having big effects on people born around 1995. She say that's when the millennial generation morphs into \"iGen\" -- also known as \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_Z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Generation Z\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_303.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plummeting employment rate of young men\u003c/a> as one macro-development related to iGen, and \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cited \u003c/span>the work of University of Chicago economist Erik Hurst. Last year, in a university \u003ca href=\"https://bfi.uchicago.edu/news/scholar-profile/faculty-spotlight-erik-hurst\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">profile\u003c/a>, Hurst discussed his research on the dwindling percentage of young males without a college degree in the labor force and this trend's connection to leisure-time technology:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In the 2000s, employment rates for this group dropped sharply – more than in any other group. We have determined that, in general, they are not going back to school or switching careers, so what are they doing with their time? The hours that they are not working have been replaced almost one for one with leisure time. Seventy-five percent of this new leisure time falls into one category: video games. The average low-skilled, unemployed man in this group plays video games an average of 12, and sometimes upwards of 30 hours per week. This change marks a relatively major shift that makes me question its effect on their attachment to the labor market.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Attention Economy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BJ Fogg says a lot of persuasion methods that Facebook and other tech companies use are not really new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He gave the example of Facebook birthday reminders, which often draw people back into the site to wish someone happy birthday. \"Reminders are not new,\" he said, citing Hallmark TV commercials about mother's day, for example. \"W\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">hat ‘s different today is that machines are being created to use these techniques.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, I am reminded that those of us who create text for public consumption have also been in the business of attention-grabbing for quite some time. This \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/12/how-the-media-came-to-embrace-clickbait-an-internet-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">excerpt\u003c/a> we recently posted from Tim Wu's book \"The Attention Merchants,\" is instructive; it takes you through the evolution and eventual mainstream adoption of clickbait -- those headlines that contain just the right words to whet your appetite for a click.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we here at KQED have yet to hire a an actual neuroscientist to help us craft the perfect syntactic arrangement to make our post on the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/25/volunteer-brown-pelican-count-aims-to-measure-recovery-of-once-endangered-birds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California brown pelican count\u003c/a> irresistible to a mass audience, we have sat through any number of workshops led by self-styled audience-whisperers. And we do use software tools to try to figure out what works and what doesn't in terms of getting people to read an article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isn't that, crudely, \u003cem>some\u003c/em> form of brain hacking?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The point being: \u003cem>Everyone\u003c/em> is in quest of your eyeballs. The question is how far will people go to get them. Where the line gets crossed from superior business model to dirty rotten trick is the subject of much debate, from the halls of government to academia to Thanksgiving brouhahas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the \"60 Minutes\" segment, Gabe Zichermann, who consults for companies on how to use \"\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamification\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gamification\u003c/a>\" to make their digital products more appealing, argued that attracting audience is simply the name of the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Asking technology companies, asking content creators to be less good at what they do feels like a ridiculous ask,\" he said. \"It feels impossible. And also it’s very anti-capitalistic. This isn’t the system that we live in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other side of that, expressed by Bill Maher in his televised rant:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The moral rot in this country began when corporate America decided it wasn’t enough to just successfully sell your product; people needed to be addicted to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meantime, while you wait for society to figure this issue out, it's probably best to take matters into your own compulsively typing hands. If you've ever said \"I wish I knew how to quit you\" to your phone, see Lesley McClurg's post, '\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/24/help-my-phone-is-ruining-my-life-8-tips-for-the-addicted\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Help! My Phone is Ruining My Life!\u003c/a>' for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/19/help-my-phone-is-ruining-my-life-8-tips-for-the-addicted/#tips\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eight tips\u003c/a> on how to detach.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/379828/tech-insiders-call-out-facebook-for-literally-manipulating-your-brain","authors":["80"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73","futureofyou_1061"],"tags":["futureofyou_235","futureofyou_178","futureofyou_131","futureofyou_1183"],"featImg":"futureofyou_397048","label":"source_futureofyou_379828"},"futureofyou_302169":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_302169","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"302169","score":null,"sort":[1483459250000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"for-first-week-january-on-social-media-the-self-as-its-own-object-of-worship","title":"In the Era of Instagram, Narcissism as the New Norm","publishDate":1483459250,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>From the book \u003ca href=\"http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/234876/the-attention-merchants-by-tim-wu/9780385352017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">THE ATTENTION MERCHANTS\u003c/a>, by Tim Wu. Copyright © 2016 by Tim Wu. Published by arrangement with Alfred A. Knopf, an imprint of The Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of human history, the proliferation of the individual likeness was the sole prerogative of the illustrious, whether it was the face of the emperor on a Roman coin or the face of Garbo on the silver screen. The commercialization of photography may have broadened access to portraiture somewhat, but apart from 'WANTED' posters, the image of most common people would never be widely propagated. In the 20th century, Hollywood created a cohort of demigods, whose image everyone recognized and many, in effect, worshiped.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I feel anxiety over how many likes I get after I post a picture. If I get two likes, I feel like, what’s wrong with me?'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>With the arrival of the smartphone and Instagram, however, much of the power of a great film studio was now in every hand attached to a heart yearning for fame; not only could one create an image to rival those of the old icons of glamour, but one could put it on a platform where millions might potentially see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps a century of the ascendant self, of the self’s progressive liberation from any trammels not explicitly conceived to protect other selves, perhaps this progression, when wedded to the magic of technology serving not the state or even the corporation but the individual ego, perhaps it could reach no other logical endpoint, but the self as its own object of worship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, it is easy to denigrate as vanity even harmless forms of self-expression. Indulging in a bit of self-centeredness from time to time, playing with the trappings of fame, can be a form of entertainment for oneself and one’s friends, especially when undertaken with a sense of irony. Certainly, too, the self-portrait, and the even more patently ludicrous invention, the selfie stick, has become too easy a target for charges of self-involvement. Humans, after all, have sought the admiration of others in various ways since the dawn of time; it is a feature of our social and sexual natures. The desire of men and women to dress up and parade may be as deeply rooted as the peacock’s impulse to strut. Like all attention harvesters, Instagram has not stirred any new yearning within us, merely acted upon one already there, and facilitated its gratification to an unimaginable extent. Therein lies the real problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology doesn’t follow culture so much as culture follows technology. New forms of expression naturally arise from new media, but so do new sensibilities and new behaviors. All desire, the philosopher and critic René Girard wrote, is essentially mimetic; beyond our elemental needs, we are led to seek after things by the example of others, those whom we may know personally or through their fame. When our desires go beyond the elemental, they enter into their metaphysical dimension, in which, as Girard wrote, “All desire is a desire to be,” to enjoy an image of fulfillment such as we have observed in others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the essential problem with the preening self unbound by social media, and the democratization of fame. By presenting us with example upon example, it legitimates self-aggrandizement as an objective for ever more of us. By encouraging anyone to capture the attention of others with the spectacle of one’s self—in some cases, even to the point of earning a living by it—it warps our understanding of our own existence and its relation to others. That this should become the manner of being for us all is surely the definitive dystopic vision of late modernity.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Humans, after all, have sought the admiration of others in various ways since the dawn of time; it is a feature of our social and sexual natures.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In the fall of 2015, an Australian teenager, Essena O’Neill, quit Instagram in utter despair. A natural beauty and part-time model, she had become an Instagram celebrity, thanks to her pictures, which had drawn half a million followers. But her Instagram career, she explained, had made her life a torment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had the dream life. I had half a million people interested in me on Instagram. I had over a hundred thousand views on most of my videos on YouTube. To a lot of people, I made it,” she confessed in a video. But suddenly it had all become too much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Everything I was doing was edited and contrived and to get more views. . . . Everything I did was for views, for likes, for followers. . . . Social media, especially how I used it, isn’t real. It’s contrived images and edited clips ranked against each other. It’s a system based on social approval, likes, validation in views, success in followers. It’s perfectly orchestrated self-absorbed judgement. . . . I met people that are far more successful online than I am, and they are just as miserable and lonely and scared and lost. We all are.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A survey of Instagram and other social media users by the London Guardian yielded similar responses, suggesting that even among those with relatively few followers the commitment is grim. “I feel anxiety over how many likes I get after I post a picture. If I get two likes, I feel like, what’s wrong with me?” wrote one woman. “I do feel insecure if I see girls who look prettier than me,” wrote another, “or if they post really pretty pictures, and I know I won’t look as good in any that I post. I do feel pressure to look good in the photos I put up. I don’t feel anxious about not getting enough likes on a photo but if it doesn’t get enough likes, I will take it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2012, a mere 18 months after its debut, Instagram was purchased by Facebook for $1 billion. The high-flying start-up’s founders had cashed out without ever having devised a business model. No matter. By November the following year, the first ad feed would run in Instagram, following Facebook principles of limited targeting. The acquisition would prove astute. In April 2012 Instagram had 30 million users, but by the fall of 2015 it had 400 million, more than Twitter. And so Facebook would join the ranks of hoary behemoths with a war chest. A transfusion of young blood would preserve their status in the uppermost echelon of attention merchants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Instagram, its upward glide portended a future in which the line between the watcher and the watched, the buyer and the seller, was more blurred than ever. The once highly ordered attention economy had seemingly devolved into a chaotic mutual admiration society, full of enterprising Narcissi, surely an arrangement of affairs without real precedent in human history.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Social media has created an 'attention economy' that's devolved into a chaotic mutual admiration society, full of enterprising Narcissi, writes Tim Wu in his book, 'The Attention Merchants.' ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1514587834,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":1198},"headData":{"title":"In the Era of Instagram, Narcissism as the New Norm | KQED","description":"Social media has created an 'attention economy' that's devolved into a chaotic mutual admiration society, full of enterprising Narcissi, writes Tim Wu in his book, 'The Attention Merchants.' ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"In the Era of Instagram, Narcissism as the New Norm","datePublished":"2017-01-03T16:00:50.000Z","dateModified":"2017-12-29T22:50:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"302169 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=302169","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/03/for-first-week-january-on-social-media-the-self-as-its-own-object-of-worship/","disqusTitle":"In the Era of Instagram, Narcissism as the New Norm","nprByline":"Tim Wu","path":"/futureofyou/302169/for-first-week-january-on-social-media-the-self-as-its-own-object-of-worship","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>From the book \u003ca href=\"http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/234876/the-attention-merchants-by-tim-wu/9780385352017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">THE ATTENTION MERCHANTS\u003c/a>, by Tim Wu. Copyright © 2016 by Tim Wu. Published by arrangement with Alfred A. Knopf, an imprint of The Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of human history, the proliferation of the individual likeness was the sole prerogative of the illustrious, whether it was the face of the emperor on a Roman coin or the face of Garbo on the silver screen. The commercialization of photography may have broadened access to portraiture somewhat, but apart from 'WANTED' posters, the image of most common people would never be widely propagated. In the 20th century, Hollywood created a cohort of demigods, whose image everyone recognized and many, in effect, worshiped.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I feel anxiety over how many likes I get after I post a picture. If I get two likes, I feel like, what’s wrong with me?'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>With the arrival of the smartphone and Instagram, however, much of the power of a great film studio was now in every hand attached to a heart yearning for fame; not only could one create an image to rival those of the old icons of glamour, but one could put it on a platform where millions might potentially see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps a century of the ascendant self, of the self’s progressive liberation from any trammels not explicitly conceived to protect other selves, perhaps this progression, when wedded to the magic of technology serving not the state or even the corporation but the individual ego, perhaps it could reach no other logical endpoint, but the self as its own object of worship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, it is easy to denigrate as vanity even harmless forms of self-expression. Indulging in a bit of self-centeredness from time to time, playing with the trappings of fame, can be a form of entertainment for oneself and one’s friends, especially when undertaken with a sense of irony. Certainly, too, the self-portrait, and the even more patently ludicrous invention, the selfie stick, has become too easy a target for charges of self-involvement. Humans, after all, have sought the admiration of others in various ways since the dawn of time; it is a feature of our social and sexual natures. The desire of men and women to dress up and parade may be as deeply rooted as the peacock’s impulse to strut. Like all attention harvesters, Instagram has not stirred any new yearning within us, merely acted upon one already there, and facilitated its gratification to an unimaginable extent. Therein lies the real problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology doesn’t follow culture so much as culture follows technology. New forms of expression naturally arise from new media, but so do new sensibilities and new behaviors. All desire, the philosopher and critic René Girard wrote, is essentially mimetic; beyond our elemental needs, we are led to seek after things by the example of others, those whom we may know personally or through their fame. When our desires go beyond the elemental, they enter into their metaphysical dimension, in which, as Girard wrote, “All desire is a desire to be,” to enjoy an image of fulfillment such as we have observed in others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the essential problem with the preening self unbound by social media, and the democratization of fame. By presenting us with example upon example, it legitimates self-aggrandizement as an objective for ever more of us. By encouraging anyone to capture the attention of others with the spectacle of one’s self—in some cases, even to the point of earning a living by it—it warps our understanding of our own existence and its relation to others. That this should become the manner of being for us all is surely the definitive dystopic vision of late modernity.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Humans, after all, have sought the admiration of others in various ways since the dawn of time; it is a feature of our social and sexual natures.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In the fall of 2015, an Australian teenager, Essena O’Neill, quit Instagram in utter despair. A natural beauty and part-time model, she had become an Instagram celebrity, thanks to her pictures, which had drawn half a million followers. But her Instagram career, she explained, had made her life a torment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had the dream life. I had half a million people interested in me on Instagram. I had over a hundred thousand views on most of my videos on YouTube. To a lot of people, I made it,” she confessed in a video. But suddenly it had all become too much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Everything I was doing was edited and contrived and to get more views. . . . Everything I did was for views, for likes, for followers. . . . Social media, especially how I used it, isn’t real. It’s contrived images and edited clips ranked against each other. It’s a system based on social approval, likes, validation in views, success in followers. It’s perfectly orchestrated self-absorbed judgement. . . . I met people that are far more successful online than I am, and they are just as miserable and lonely and scared and lost. We all are.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A survey of Instagram and other social media users by the London Guardian yielded similar responses, suggesting that even among those with relatively few followers the commitment is grim. “I feel anxiety over how many likes I get after I post a picture. If I get two likes, I feel like, what’s wrong with me?” wrote one woman. “I do feel insecure if I see girls who look prettier than me,” wrote another, “or if they post really pretty pictures, and I know I won’t look as good in any that I post. I do feel pressure to look good in the photos I put up. I don’t feel anxious about not getting enough likes on a photo but if it doesn’t get enough likes, I will take it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2012, a mere 18 months after its debut, Instagram was purchased by Facebook for $1 billion. The high-flying start-up’s founders had cashed out without ever having devised a business model. No matter. By November the following year, the first ad feed would run in Instagram, following Facebook principles of limited targeting. The acquisition would prove astute. In April 2012 Instagram had 30 million users, but by the fall of 2015 it had 400 million, more than Twitter. And so Facebook would join the ranks of hoary behemoths with a war chest. A transfusion of young blood would preserve their status in the uppermost echelon of attention merchants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Instagram, its upward glide portended a future in which the line between the watcher and the watched, the buyer and the seller, was more blurred than ever. The once highly ordered attention economy had seemingly devolved into a chaotic mutual admiration society, full of enterprising Narcissi, surely an arrangement of affairs without real precedent in human history.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/302169/for-first-week-january-on-social-media-the-self-as-its-own-object-of-worship","authors":["byline_futureofyou_302169"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_1061"],"tags":["futureofyou_1439","futureofyou_178","futureofyou_1022","futureofyou_1115","futureofyou_174","futureofyou_1155"],"featImg":"futureofyou_304140","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_159219":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_159219","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"159219","score":null,"sort":[1473181220000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"does-facebook-really-make-you-depressed","title":"Facebook Blues: How You Use the Site Can Make You Depressed, Say Researchers","publishDate":1473181220,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Researchers, at least, love Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://00t0holtgrav.iweb.bsu.edu/492/Perspectives%20on%20Psychological%20Science-2012-Wilson-203-20.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2012 survey\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of social science papers related to the social network turned up 412 separate studies. One of the most popular questions: What effect does Facebook have \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">on emotional states? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As it turns out, it's complicated.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Roughly 22 percent of the world's population use Facebook an average of 50 minutes per day. Is all this interconnectedness creating psychological benefits or global gloom?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I experienced this myself around Thanksgiving of 2008, when I first joined up. For a week or so, I marveled at Facebook's ability to connect me to people who had long ago faded into the remotest recesses of memory.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By Christmas, I was in the midst of a full-fledged metaphysical breakdown. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those scrolls down memory lane were killing me. Better to have left that kid from third grade, who now liked to post videos of his weightlifting triumphs, a I last remembered him--a skinny punk banging a double off the schoolyard fence.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was the collapse of that natural partition between past and present that was upsetting. A few months in, after noting the male-pattern baldness of yet another long-lost pal, I figured out why:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook had punctured the intransigently juvenile aspect of my personality that refused to recognize the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">passage of time.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And that, of course, provided yet another piece of evidence for the harshest reality of our existence: That we are all going to die.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>50 Minutes a Day\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Okay, that was \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">my\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Facebook freakout—how about yours?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Start asking around, and lots of folks will volunteer one resentment or another. They don’t like the time they spend on Facebook. Or they don’t like the way people communicate on Facebook. Or they just don’t like \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. As Laurence Scott wrote in his recent book on digital life, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/23/the-online-life-as-both-liberation-and-imprisonment/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Four-Dimensional Human\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, “Everyone knows someone perpetually on the brink of quitting” the site. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Facebook use may constitute a unique form of social network interaction that predicts impoverished well-being,' says one study.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yet, whatever gripes people have, they aren’t hurting business. People use Facebook so much it \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/business/facebook-bends-the-rules-of-audience-engagement-to-its-advantage.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">boggled the mind\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of The New York Times’ James B. Stewart. After reporting in May on the 50 daily minutes Facebook says users spend on its main site, instant messaging application and Instagram property, he noted that amount beat out all other leisure activities save one. Still the king: Watching TV.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook says it has 1.65 billion active users, which is roughly 22 percent of the world’s population. Given the expanding role it plays in so many lives, it’s not surprising the site has been laden with a surfeit of social and political significance, credited with everything from a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://wjla.com/news/nation-world/facebook-adultery-trend-rising-as-people-find-long-lost-flings-76049\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rise in adultery\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=facebook+arab+spring\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">toppling of autocratic regimes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hazardous to Your Mental Health?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Ethan Kross, the director of the Emotion & Self Control Lab at the University of Michigan who has co-authored several papers on Facebook, says the early research was “all over the place” as to whether using the site boosted or depressed a person’s mental state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But it's the research finding a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/05/moms-who-post-on-facebook-are-more-depressed.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">correlation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> between Facebook and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2015/02/03/study-facebook-can-cause-depression/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">feeling lousy\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that has drawn the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=facebook+depression\" target=\"_blank\">attention of the media\u003c/a>. And to be sure, the literature is replete with ominous titles that appear to have been written half by scientists, half by university press offices. Titles like: \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/-They-Are-Happier-and-Having-Better-Lives-than-I-Chou-Edge/8ec2a88e39453b50ada493a79371b03be15a5299/pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They Are Happier and Having Better Lives Than I Am: The Impact of Using Facebook on Perceptions of Others’ Lives.”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I’ve had friends call me and say, ‘Your life looks so amazing.' And I tell them, ‘I’m a marketer. I’m only posting the moments that are amazing.’”\u003ccite>Randi Zuckerberg, sister of Mark, in 2013\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This type of research is fueling a growing sense that spending \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/20/screenagers-shows-parents-overwhelmed-by-kids-phone-computer-use/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">too much time online\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is emotionally perilous. A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upmc.com/media/NewsReleases/2016/Pages/lin-primack-sm-depression.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnet.com/news/heavy-facebook-twitter-users-3-times-more-likely-to-be-depressed/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">making headlines \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">this spring looked at the relationship between social media use and depression. University of Pittsburgh researchers sampled 1,787 U.S. adults, ages 19 through 32, and found an almost 300 percent greater likelihood of depression in the most active users of sites like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit than in those who used them the least.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You wonder how Facebook feels about research that basically communicates its product is a mental hazard. A spokesperson for the company pointed me to a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://research.facebook.com/publications/internet-use-and-psychological-well-being-effects-of-activity-and-audience/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">meta-analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> it had collaborated on with two researchers, one of whom, Moira Burke, is a computational social psychologist now working on Facebook’s data science team.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The analysis points out that most previous studies about Facebook and psychological well-being were done using cross-sectional surveys, which means they derive data from research participants at a particular point in time. Such studies are viewed as less able to separate cause and effect.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You really can’t draw any conclusions about what effects online communication in general or Facebook communication in particular has from cross-sectional data,” said Robert Kraut, a co-author of the meta-analysis (he's consulted for Facebook but doesn't work there).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Pittsburgh researchers acknowledged as much with this disclaimer: “It may be that people who already are depressed are turning to social media to fill a void.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Happiness Deficit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I asked Kraut about \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.happinessresearchinstitute.com/download/i/mark_dl/u/4012182887/4624845731/The%20Facebook%20Experiment.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">one study that \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> attracted a lot of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=%22happiness+research+institute%22+facebook&rlz=1C1CAFB_en___US663&oq=%22happiness+research+institute%22+facebook&aqs=chrome..69i57.447j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#q=%22happiness+research+institute%22+facebook&tbm=nws\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">media attention\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> last year—it came from the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.happinessresearchinstitute.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Happiness Research Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Denmark (the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35824033\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">happiest\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> place on earth, apparently). The institute conducted an experiment in which it asked half of 1,095 people, most of whom were daily Facebook users, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">to abstain from using it for one week.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“People who had taken a break from Facebook felt happier and were less sad and lonely,\" an online presentation of the study said. Those on the Facebook fast also “reported a significantly higher level of satisfaction” and significantly less stress than those sentenced to remain on the site. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/11/12/what-a-viral-study-about-the-harms-of-facebook-gets-wrong/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not everyone\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was impressed with the study, which has yet to be published in a peer-reviewed journal, but Kraut thought it was a “reasonable” design for discriminating between cause and effect. “We just don’t know how long [the effects] are likely to last, because the behavioral change was only a week long,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A small 2013 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069841\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also looked at whether Facebook use influences people's assessment of their own well-being over time. Researchers texted online surveys to 82 people every day for two weeks, asking them questions like “How do you feel right now?” Their answers were correlated with their use of Facebook.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more people used Facebook the worse they subsequently felt,” the paper reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers said \"multiple types of evidence\" showed there was no doubt of what was cause and what was effect in the study. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Facebook use may constitute a unique form of social network interaction that predicts impoverished well-being,\" they wrote. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Big E\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some researchers have divided Facebook use into the categories of \"active\" and \"passive.\" Active use includes those activities that facilitate direct communications, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">like commenting on posts or sending messages; \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">passive\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> use refers to the mere \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">consumption\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of information — like scrolling through your news feed and glimpsing the lawn furniture your cousin just bought.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A handful of studies from different labs have now established links between passive Facebook use and envy or other negative mental states, said Ethan Kross, the University of Michigan researcher who has co-authored one such \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://selfcontrol.psych.lsa.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KROSS.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">paper\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to 2013 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ara.cat/2013/01/28/855594433.pdf?hash=b775840d43f9f93b7a9031449f809c388f342291\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">from Germany, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“upward social comparison and envy can be rampant” on Facebook and other social networks. That’s because the environment promotes “narcissistic behavior, with most users sharing only positive things about themselves.” Among the 357 study participants, the researchers sussed out an “astounding” number of “envy-inducing incidents,” most frequently related to travel and leisure, social interactions, and “happiness.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Furthermore, the researchers wrote, some Facebook users may engage in an “envy-coping plan,” involving “even greater self-promotion and impression management.” And that can trigger a “self-promotion-envy spiral.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A one-upmanship arms race.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://selfcontrol.psych.lsa.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KROSS.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> published in 2015 managed to isolate envy as the culprit in bumming people out, as opposed to other characteristics like number of user friends, usage motivation, and self-esteem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Passive Facebook usage predicted envy, and envy predicted declines in affective well-being,” the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They concluded with this anecdote from Randi Zuckerberg, the sister of Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, which she \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/03/magazine/randi-zuckerberg-i-really-put-myself-out-there.html\">related to The New York Times\u003c/a> in 2013. “I’ve had friends call me and say, ‘Your life looks so amazing,\" Zuckerberg said. \"\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And I tell them, ‘I’m a marketer. I’m only posting the moments that are amazing.'” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rkkxc3RpFM8&ab_channel=NewsyTech\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Do We Have to See That?'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A friend of mine, who doesn’t want to give her name (would you?) has been telling me for years that she gets genuinely depressed on Facebook. Her self-diagnosis of the cause of this condition: envy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this woman I know and she is constantly posting, and she does some amazing things,” she told me.“There’s this jealous part of me, that’s like, ‘Do we have to see that?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Everyone seems like they’re happy on Facebook. … There’s serial posters, where every day there’s a new post, and it’s almost always something nice and wonderful.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yes. After plodding through these studies, I felt the need to reassess my own Great Facebook Freakout of 2008. It wasn’t hard to see that just beneath the Proustian navel-gazing on time gone by lay a strong component of rivalry: If some of those losers from third grade had not exactly set the world on fire, they’d at least gotten a few sparks going. In my view, I was still gathering kindling. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not that it made me feel any better, but even if I’d done super-well in this status game, just the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">act of comparison\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> might have been deflating. Contrary to some studies and consistent with others (naturally), \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://faculty.coe.uh.edu/flopez/docs/Highliight%20Reels%20and%20Comparison.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on Facebook and depression published in 2014 indicated “engaging in frequent social comparison of any kind may be deleterious to one’s mental well-being.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Happy Studies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There \u003cem>are\u003c/em> studies showing Facebook can enhance a sense of social connectedness. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kraut and Moira Burke, the Facebook researcher, recently published a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcc4.12162/full\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> that showed \"people derive benefits from online communication, as long it comes from people they care about and has been tailored for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2007 \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x/full\">study\u003c/a> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">found that college students who were heavy Facebook users reported higher levels of “social capital,” consisting of resources like emotional support and job opportunities that stem from membership in a social network.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2012 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://spp.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/12/20/1948550612469233.abstract\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found posting status updates decreased loneliness, even when those updates elicited no response. A 2010 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://primelab.missouri.edu/pdfs/wap10.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> measured electrical activity in the body to record moment-by-moment physiological responses when using Facebook. The equipment logged pleasant emotions when users actively sought out information or directly communicated with their Facebook friends, but fewer such positive feelings when passively browsing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's Up to You\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Robert Kraut, who has been \u003ca href=\"http://kraut.hciresearch.org/recent-articles-and-chapters\" target=\"_blank\">researching\u003c/a> the emotional effects of using the internet going back to its early days, says his and others' research shows your Facebook experience will be good or bad depending on how you use it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“In particular, having longer, more substantive communication with people you feel closer to seems to be associated with increases in psychological well-being,” he said. “You don’t get the same effects if the communication is with people who are weaker ties. What seems to be crucial is that these are effortful, targeted communications.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dos and don'ts?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Don’t treat it as simple entertainment and consume everything that is put in front of you,\" Kraut said. \"Use it more proactively to communicate with people that you care about.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sounds about right. I myself have made my peace with the site. It's true I sometimes find myself \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">scanning that unceasing river of flattering photos, adorable babies and pronouncements of good fortune with a progressive sense of diminishment. Facebook \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> offers a plethora of choices as to how I want to spend my time, and I don't always make the right one.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in that, Facebook is a lot like life.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Studies abound on the emotional effects of using Facebook. Some research has pointed to a common way people use the site that can leave them vulnerable to negative feelings.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1517001044,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":59,"wordCount":2192},"headData":{"title":"Facebook Blues: How You Use the Site Can Make You Depressed, Say Researchers | KQED","description":"Studies abound on the emotional effects of using Facebook. Some research has pointed to a common way people use the site that can leave them vulnerable to negative feelings.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Facebook Blues: How You Use the Site Can Make You Depressed, Say Researchers","datePublished":"2016-09-06T17:00:20.000Z","dateModified":"2018-01-26T21:10:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"159219 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=159219","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/09/06/does-facebook-really-make-you-depressed/","disqusTitle":"Facebook Blues: How You Use the Site Can Make You Depressed, Say Researchers","customPermalink":"2016/07/06/does-facebook-really-make-you-depressed/","path":"/futureofyou/159219/does-facebook-really-make-you-depressed","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers, at least, love Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://00t0holtgrav.iweb.bsu.edu/492/Perspectives%20on%20Psychological%20Science-2012-Wilson-203-20.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2012 survey\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of social science papers related to the social network turned up 412 separate studies. One of the most popular questions: What effect does Facebook have \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">on emotional states? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As it turns out, it's complicated.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Roughly 22 percent of the world's population use Facebook an average of 50 minutes per day. Is all this interconnectedness creating psychological benefits or global gloom?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I experienced this myself around Thanksgiving of 2008, when I first joined up. For a week or so, I marveled at Facebook's ability to connect me to people who had long ago faded into the remotest recesses of memory.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By Christmas, I was in the midst of a full-fledged metaphysical breakdown. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those scrolls down memory lane were killing me. Better to have left that kid from third grade, who now liked to post videos of his weightlifting triumphs, a I last remembered him--a skinny punk banging a double off the schoolyard fence.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was the collapse of that natural partition between past and present that was upsetting. A few months in, after noting the male-pattern baldness of yet another long-lost pal, I figured out why:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook had punctured the intransigently juvenile aspect of my personality that refused to recognize the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">passage of time.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And that, of course, provided yet another piece of evidence for the harshest reality of our existence: That we are all going to die.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>50 Minutes a Day\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Okay, that was \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">my\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Facebook freakout—how about yours?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Start asking around, and lots of folks will volunteer one resentment or another. They don’t like the time they spend on Facebook. Or they don’t like the way people communicate on Facebook. Or they just don’t like \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. As Laurence Scott wrote in his recent book on digital life, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/23/the-online-life-as-both-liberation-and-imprisonment/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Four-Dimensional Human\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, “Everyone knows someone perpetually on the brink of quitting” the site. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Facebook use may constitute a unique form of social network interaction that predicts impoverished well-being,' says one study.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yet, whatever gripes people have, they aren’t hurting business. People use Facebook so much it \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/business/facebook-bends-the-rules-of-audience-engagement-to-its-advantage.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">boggled the mind\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of The New York Times’ James B. Stewart. After reporting in May on the 50 daily minutes Facebook says users spend on its main site, instant messaging application and Instagram property, he noted that amount beat out all other leisure activities save one. Still the king: Watching TV.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook says it has 1.65 billion active users, which is roughly 22 percent of the world’s population. Given the expanding role it plays in so many lives, it’s not surprising the site has been laden with a surfeit of social and political significance, credited with everything from a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://wjla.com/news/nation-world/facebook-adultery-trend-rising-as-people-find-long-lost-flings-76049\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rise in adultery\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=facebook+arab+spring\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">toppling of autocratic regimes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hazardous to Your Mental Health?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Ethan Kross, the director of the Emotion & Self Control Lab at the University of Michigan who has co-authored several papers on Facebook, says the early research was “all over the place” as to whether using the site boosted or depressed a person’s mental state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But it's the research finding a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/05/moms-who-post-on-facebook-are-more-depressed.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">correlation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> between Facebook and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2015/02/03/study-facebook-can-cause-depression/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">feeling lousy\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that has drawn the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=facebook+depression\" target=\"_blank\">attention of the media\u003c/a>. And to be sure, the literature is replete with ominous titles that appear to have been written half by scientists, half by university press offices. Titles like: \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/-They-Are-Happier-and-Having-Better-Lives-than-I-Chou-Edge/8ec2a88e39453b50ada493a79371b03be15a5299/pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They Are Happier and Having Better Lives Than I Am: The Impact of Using Facebook on Perceptions of Others’ Lives.”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I’ve had friends call me and say, ‘Your life looks so amazing.' And I tell them, ‘I’m a marketer. I’m only posting the moments that are amazing.’”\u003ccite>Randi Zuckerberg, sister of Mark, in 2013\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This type of research is fueling a growing sense that spending \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/20/screenagers-shows-parents-overwhelmed-by-kids-phone-computer-use/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">too much time online\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is emotionally perilous. A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.upmc.com/media/NewsReleases/2016/Pages/lin-primack-sm-depression.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnet.com/news/heavy-facebook-twitter-users-3-times-more-likely-to-be-depressed/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">making headlines \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">this spring looked at the relationship between social media use and depression. University of Pittsburgh researchers sampled 1,787 U.S. adults, ages 19 through 32, and found an almost 300 percent greater likelihood of depression in the most active users of sites like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit than in those who used them the least.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You wonder how Facebook feels about research that basically communicates its product is a mental hazard. A spokesperson for the company pointed me to a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://research.facebook.com/publications/internet-use-and-psychological-well-being-effects-of-activity-and-audience/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">meta-analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> it had collaborated on with two researchers, one of whom, Moira Burke, is a computational social psychologist now working on Facebook’s data science team.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The analysis points out that most previous studies about Facebook and psychological well-being were done using cross-sectional surveys, which means they derive data from research participants at a particular point in time. Such studies are viewed as less able to separate cause and effect.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You really can’t draw any conclusions about what effects online communication in general or Facebook communication in particular has from cross-sectional data,” said Robert Kraut, a co-author of the meta-analysis (he's consulted for Facebook but doesn't work there).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Pittsburgh researchers acknowledged as much with this disclaimer: “It may be that people who already are depressed are turning to social media to fill a void.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Happiness Deficit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I asked Kraut about \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.happinessresearchinstitute.com/download/i/mark_dl/u/4012182887/4624845731/The%20Facebook%20Experiment.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">one study that \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> attracted a lot of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=%22happiness+research+institute%22+facebook&rlz=1C1CAFB_en___US663&oq=%22happiness+research+institute%22+facebook&aqs=chrome..69i57.447j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#q=%22happiness+research+institute%22+facebook&tbm=nws\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">media attention\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> last year—it came from the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.happinessresearchinstitute.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Happiness Research Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Denmark (the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35824033\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">happiest\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> place on earth, apparently). The institute conducted an experiment in which it asked half of 1,095 people, most of whom were daily Facebook users, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">to abstain from using it for one week.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“People who had taken a break from Facebook felt happier and were less sad and lonely,\" an online presentation of the study said. Those on the Facebook fast also “reported a significantly higher level of satisfaction” and significantly less stress than those sentenced to remain on the site. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/11/12/what-a-viral-study-about-the-harms-of-facebook-gets-wrong/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not everyone\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was impressed with the study, which has yet to be published in a peer-reviewed journal, but Kraut thought it was a “reasonable” design for discriminating between cause and effect. “We just don’t know how long [the effects] are likely to last, because the behavioral change was only a week long,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A small 2013 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069841\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also looked at whether Facebook use influences people's assessment of their own well-being over time. Researchers texted online surveys to 82 people every day for two weeks, asking them questions like “How do you feel right now?” Their answers were correlated with their use of Facebook.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more people used Facebook the worse they subsequently felt,” the paper reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers said \"multiple types of evidence\" showed there was no doubt of what was cause and what was effect in the study. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Facebook use may constitute a unique form of social network interaction that predicts impoverished well-being,\" they wrote. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Big E\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some researchers have divided Facebook use into the categories of \"active\" and \"passive.\" Active use includes those activities that facilitate direct communications, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">like commenting on posts or sending messages; \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">passive\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> use refers to the mere \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">consumption\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of information — like scrolling through your news feed and glimpsing the lawn furniture your cousin just bought.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A handful of studies from different labs have now established links between passive Facebook use and envy or other negative mental states, said Ethan Kross, the University of Michigan researcher who has co-authored one such \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://selfcontrol.psych.lsa.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KROSS.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">paper\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to 2013 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ara.cat/2013/01/28/855594433.pdf?hash=b775840d43f9f93b7a9031449f809c388f342291\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">from Germany, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“upward social comparison and envy can be rampant” on Facebook and other social networks. That’s because the environment promotes “narcissistic behavior, with most users sharing only positive things about themselves.” Among the 357 study participants, the researchers sussed out an “astounding” number of “envy-inducing incidents,” most frequently related to travel and leisure, social interactions, and “happiness.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Furthermore, the researchers wrote, some Facebook users may engage in an “envy-coping plan,” involving “even greater self-promotion and impression management.” And that can trigger a “self-promotion-envy spiral.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A one-upmanship arms race.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://selfcontrol.psych.lsa.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KROSS.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> published in 2015 managed to isolate envy as the culprit in bumming people out, as opposed to other characteristics like number of user friends, usage motivation, and self-esteem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Passive Facebook usage predicted envy, and envy predicted declines in affective well-being,” the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They concluded with this anecdote from Randi Zuckerberg, the sister of Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, which she \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/03/magazine/randi-zuckerberg-i-really-put-myself-out-there.html\">related to The New York Times\u003c/a> in 2013. “I’ve had friends call me and say, ‘Your life looks so amazing,\" Zuckerberg said. \"\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And I tell them, ‘I’m a marketer. I’m only posting the moments that are amazing.'” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rkkxc3RpFM8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rkkxc3RpFM8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Do We Have to See That?'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A friend of mine, who doesn’t want to give her name (would you?) has been telling me for years that she gets genuinely depressed on Facebook. Her self-diagnosis of the cause of this condition: envy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this woman I know and she is constantly posting, and she does some amazing things,” she told me.“There’s this jealous part of me, that’s like, ‘Do we have to see that?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Everyone seems like they’re happy on Facebook. … There’s serial posters, where every day there’s a new post, and it’s almost always something nice and wonderful.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yes. After plodding through these studies, I felt the need to reassess my own Great Facebook Freakout of 2008. It wasn’t hard to see that just beneath the Proustian navel-gazing on time gone by lay a strong component of rivalry: If some of those losers from third grade had not exactly set the world on fire, they’d at least gotten a few sparks going. In my view, I was still gathering kindling. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not that it made me feel any better, but even if I’d done super-well in this status game, just the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">act of comparison\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> might have been deflating. Contrary to some studies and consistent with others (naturally), \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://faculty.coe.uh.edu/flopez/docs/Highliight%20Reels%20and%20Comparison.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on Facebook and depression published in 2014 indicated “engaging in frequent social comparison of any kind may be deleterious to one’s mental well-being.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Happy Studies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There \u003cem>are\u003c/em> studies showing Facebook can enhance a sense of social connectedness. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kraut and Moira Burke, the Facebook researcher, recently published a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcc4.12162/full\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> that showed \"people derive benefits from online communication, as long it comes from people they care about and has been tailored for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2007 \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x/full\">study\u003c/a> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">found that college students who were heavy Facebook users reported higher levels of “social capital,” consisting of resources like emotional support and job opportunities that stem from membership in a social network.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2012 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://spp.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/12/20/1948550612469233.abstract\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found posting status updates decreased loneliness, even when those updates elicited no response. A 2010 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://primelab.missouri.edu/pdfs/wap10.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> measured electrical activity in the body to record moment-by-moment physiological responses when using Facebook. The equipment logged pleasant emotions when users actively sought out information or directly communicated with their Facebook friends, but fewer such positive feelings when passively browsing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's Up to You\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Robert Kraut, who has been \u003ca href=\"http://kraut.hciresearch.org/recent-articles-and-chapters\" target=\"_blank\">researching\u003c/a> the emotional effects of using the internet going back to its early days, says his and others' research shows your Facebook experience will be good or bad depending on how you use it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“In particular, having longer, more substantive communication with people you feel closer to seems to be associated with increases in psychological well-being,” he said. “You don’t get the same effects if the communication is with people who are weaker ties. What seems to be crucial is that these are effortful, targeted communications.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dos and don'ts?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Don’t treat it as simple entertainment and consume everything that is put in front of you,\" Kraut said. \"Use it more proactively to communicate with people that you care about.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sounds about right. I myself have made my peace with the site. It's true I sometimes find myself \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">scanning that unceasing river of flattering photos, adorable babies and pronouncements of good fortune with a progressive sense of diminishment. Facebook \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> offers a plethora of choices as to how I want to spend my time, and I don't always make the right one.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in that, Facebook is a lot like life.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/159219/does-facebook-really-make-you-depressed","authors":["80"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_1061"],"tags":["futureofyou_592","futureofyou_178"],"featImg":"futureofyou_198462","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_229192":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_229192","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"229192","score":null,"sort":[1471971450000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-online-life-as-both-liberation-and-imprisonment","title":"The Online Life, as Both Liberation and Imprisonment","publishDate":1471971450,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpt from The Four-Dimensional Human by Laurence Scott. Copyright © 2015 by Laurence Scott. With permission of the publisher, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. All rights reserved.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>'The 'four-dimensional human' is my name for a person whose life is divided between the physical world and the digital realm, with all of its new expectations, wonders and emotions. I wanted to explore the tension between our anxieties over digital technologies and the idea that we can no longer exist as fully fledged citizens without them.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> --Laurence Scott\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span> study has recently suggested that our sleep hormones are being blanched from the light of our various nighttime screens. As a result we may sleep less well, and wake up more tired. Our phones are black on the bedside table, sleeping the sleep of the just, but their light swirls on behind our closed eyes, so the survey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">An ongoing narrative of toxicity and depression shadows digital progress, in conjunction with a sense that this progress is both for the best and inevitable.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>We resolve, in the dark, to get an old-school alarm clock, and to keep the phones and laptops on the other side of the bedroom door. Everything must go. Except there’s no landline now, sitting venerably on that little table by the stairs. What if someone needs to call us in the middle of the night? That is a call we should take. And so the phone stays resting on the nightstand, undisturbed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, those studies. Despite them being everywhere, most of us, most of the time, see them out of the corners of our eyes; we catch them fluttering down the pavements, we hear snatches of them on the wind. Most of us have little inclination to spend much time at the coal face of raw findings. But we get the gist, and the gist is not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Everyone knows someone perpetually on the brink of quitting Facebook.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Fearing the toxicity of our gadgets is not a new pastime. On Christmas Day in 1991, my aunt, then in her late 50s, sat in her dressing gown with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.freesimon.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">electronic memory game Simon\u003c/a> in her lap. On my request she was giving this new present a reluctant go, tapping at its four, big, colored buttons, as they lit up in sequence. I remember Simon flashing and bleeping with the ponderous, patronizing lethargy of its easiest setting. When it eventually caught her out she passed the plump little flying saucer back to me and straightened the skirts of her dressing gown. \"They say all this electrical stuff will give us cancer,\" she remarked.As well as stunning our melatonin like a deer in the headlights, our screens are, it seems, less easy to learn from. While there is still much debate, there have been enough proclamations for these headlines to bypass our brains and go straight into our nervous systems. We worry for our concentrations, our ability to absorb information and to memorize. It is easy and understandable to feel that we are running our own labs, producing reams of intuition, if not data. A friend’s mother warned him not to keep his phone in his pocket--‘\"You’re microwaving your testicles.\" No body part, or faculty, is safe. Meanwhile, studies about the health benefits of pet ownership glow with good tidings, year after year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPnoFDk2eGU&ab_channel=wtcvidman\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, like every post-1950s generation, when I was young I was told not to sit too closely to the television. But while the pastime isn’t new, the stakes have been raised by our latter-day habit of fondling such gadgets from the moment we wake to the clunk of the power cord and the click of the light. Simon, by contrast, knew his place. Now I take the television into bed with me, and it lies warmly, companionably against my stomach. A degree of lassitude usually accompanies this pose, but nevertheless I entertain an occasional thought for my organs beneath that spreading warmth, and I wonder how they’re taking to all of this, what grudge is accumulating night by night, and what they have in store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies, alas, don’t stop with toxicity. Another narrative running alongside digital progress is one of emotional fragility, of depression and addiction. Science is regularly finding new ways that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/06/does-facebook-really-make-you-depressed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social media is making people sadder\u003c/a>, though whether it is generating rather than displacing sadness is difficult to judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the effect of this pervasive suspicion can be as enfeebling as someone repeatedly telling you how tired you look. Anecdotally, this discontent seems apparent enough. You know that the party is definitely over when conversation becomes a healing circle for Facebook sufferers. In the last year, my students have begun to mention the guilt of what they call \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20160725/is-binge-watching-hazardous-to-your-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Netflix binges\u003c/a>,\" suggesting that, with their mouths ever open to a menu of online \"feeds,\" they’re imagining themselves as gluttons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, then, a Lenten spirit is emerging as a counterbalance. Internet usage (the social media wing in particular) is now a staple denial on Lent’s annual blacklist. The restaurant game \"Phone Stack\" acknowledges our compulsions: In the game the diners pile their phones in the middle of the table and the first person to make a grab during the meal picks up the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zh1m2Io_foo&ab_channel=FunkdupFilms\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But from where does this feeling of taint arise, and how does it come to run in perfect parallel with our online enthusiasms and pleasures? When social media works, it feels so like the everyday conviviality and friendship of physical interactions that one could nearly forget to give it any credit. \"Social media\" as a formal topic is generally a troubled one. At such times it is characterized as an addictive substance, a depressant that needs to be managed and curbed. Everyone knows someone perpetually on the brink of quitting Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One hypothesis for this malaise suggests that the gloss people give to their crafted online personae creates an epidemic of inferiority among those of us watching them, as well as an ongoing amnesia toward our own canny uploads. This gulf widens when you consider where we do this watching: from the unglamorous heap of our insomnia, on the choked bus to work, the windows so fogged with kettled breath that you can’t even dream out of them. If this hypothesis is true, then when people log on to social media, they are apt to feel as though entering a joust, with their friends’ successes and wit, their general robustness for life, coming at them like lances. The overt and odious phrase \"You \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=wins%20the%20internet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">win the internet\u003c/a>\"--deployed to congratulate an exemplary piece of digital behavior--does nothing to soothe suspicions of tacit competitiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MazJobrani/status/765731094381465600\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inferiority theory is too easy to be the whole story, but nevertheless there is a strong and widespread feeling that our relationship with digital technologies has to be managed as a sort of chronic problem. Simultaneously we are rightly enamored with all the ease and enrichment they provide. The four-dimensional human thus regularly experiences two types of breathlessness. The first is due to the thrill of roving over the world, of dropping in on a sibling and their baby on another continent, of staying for five minutes and laughing the whole time, then swooping back into your skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second breathlessness is not cheerful, and arises in the moments when all this liberty seems to come at the price of its opposite, when the sum of digital life feels more like a cage than a flying carpet. The ongoing narrative of toxicity and depression that shadows digital progress, in conjunction with a sense that this progress is both for the best and inevitable, creates a pervasive atmosphere of claustrophobia. The weather is often close in the fourth dimension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small signal of this confinement is how the phrase \"surfing the internet\" is used much less frequently now than in the old days. Rather than coursing the waves, we are simply, immovably, online. When multiple aspects of digital life are consistently figured as sources, suspected or confirmed, of bodily and psychological pollution, then our irreversible journey deeper and deeper into the network can, in one’s less hardy moments, feel like an imprisonment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, when sleep does come, the four-dimensional human begins to dream of escape.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There is an ongoing narrative of toxicity and depression that shadows the idea that digital progress is both for the best and inevitable. An excerpt from 'The four-Dimensional Human.'","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1514583830,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1433},"headData":{"title":"The Online Life, as Both Liberation and Imprisonment | KQED","description":"There is an ongoing narrative of toxicity and depression that shadows the idea that digital progress is both for the best and inevitable. An excerpt from 'The four-Dimensional Human.'","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Online Life, as Both Liberation and Imprisonment","datePublished":"2016-08-23T16:57:30.000Z","dateModified":"2017-12-29T21:43:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"229192 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=229192","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/23/the-online-life-as-both-liberation-and-imprisonment/","disqusTitle":"The Online Life, as Both Liberation and Imprisonment","nprByline":"Laurence Scott","path":"/futureofyou/229192/the-online-life-as-both-liberation-and-imprisonment","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpt from The Four-Dimensional Human by Laurence Scott. Copyright © 2015 by Laurence Scott. With permission of the publisher, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. All rights reserved.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>'The 'four-dimensional human' is my name for a person whose life is divided between the physical world and the digital realm, with all of its new expectations, wonders and emotions. I wanted to explore the tension between our anxieties over digital technologies and the idea that we can no longer exist as fully fledged citizens without them.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> --Laurence Scott\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span> study has recently suggested that our sleep hormones are being blanched from the light of our various nighttime screens. As a result we may sleep less well, and wake up more tired. Our phones are black on the bedside table, sleeping the sleep of the just, but their light swirls on behind our closed eyes, so the survey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">An ongoing narrative of toxicity and depression shadows digital progress, in conjunction with a sense that this progress is both for the best and inevitable.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>We resolve, in the dark, to get an old-school alarm clock, and to keep the phones and laptops on the other side of the bedroom door. Everything must go. Except there’s no landline now, sitting venerably on that little table by the stairs. What if someone needs to call us in the middle of the night? That is a call we should take. And so the phone stays resting on the nightstand, undisturbed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, those studies. Despite them being everywhere, most of us, most of the time, see them out of the corners of our eyes; we catch them fluttering down the pavements, we hear snatches of them on the wind. Most of us have little inclination to spend much time at the coal face of raw findings. But we get the gist, and the gist is not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Everyone knows someone perpetually on the brink of quitting Facebook.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Fearing the toxicity of our gadgets is not a new pastime. On Christmas Day in 1991, my aunt, then in her late 50s, sat in her dressing gown with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.freesimon.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">electronic memory game Simon\u003c/a> in her lap. On my request she was giving this new present a reluctant go, tapping at its four, big, colored buttons, as they lit up in sequence. I remember Simon flashing and bleeping with the ponderous, patronizing lethargy of its easiest setting. When it eventually caught her out she passed the plump little flying saucer back to me and straightened the skirts of her dressing gown. \"They say all this electrical stuff will give us cancer,\" she remarked.As well as stunning our melatonin like a deer in the headlights, our screens are, it seems, less easy to learn from. While there is still much debate, there have been enough proclamations for these headlines to bypass our brains and go straight into our nervous systems. We worry for our concentrations, our ability to absorb information and to memorize. It is easy and understandable to feel that we are running our own labs, producing reams of intuition, if not data. A friend’s mother warned him not to keep his phone in his pocket--‘\"You’re microwaving your testicles.\" No body part, or faculty, is safe. Meanwhile, studies about the health benefits of pet ownership glow with good tidings, year after year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/yPnoFDk2eGU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/yPnoFDk2eGU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Similarly, like every post-1950s generation, when I was young I was told not to sit too closely to the television. But while the pastime isn’t new, the stakes have been raised by our latter-day habit of fondling such gadgets from the moment we wake to the clunk of the power cord and the click of the light. Simon, by contrast, knew his place. Now I take the television into bed with me, and it lies warmly, companionably against my stomach. A degree of lassitude usually accompanies this pose, but nevertheless I entertain an occasional thought for my organs beneath that spreading warmth, and I wonder how they’re taking to all of this, what grudge is accumulating night by night, and what they have in store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies, alas, don’t stop with toxicity. Another narrative running alongside digital progress is one of emotional fragility, of depression and addiction. Science is regularly finding new ways that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/06/does-facebook-really-make-you-depressed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social media is making people sadder\u003c/a>, though whether it is generating rather than displacing sadness is difficult to judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the effect of this pervasive suspicion can be as enfeebling as someone repeatedly telling you how tired you look. Anecdotally, this discontent seems apparent enough. You know that the party is definitely over when conversation becomes a healing circle for Facebook sufferers. In the last year, my students have begun to mention the guilt of what they call \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20160725/is-binge-watching-hazardous-to-your-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Netflix binges\u003c/a>,\" suggesting that, with their mouths ever open to a menu of online \"feeds,\" they’re imagining themselves as gluttons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, then, a Lenten spirit is emerging as a counterbalance. Internet usage (the social media wing in particular) is now a staple denial on Lent’s annual blacklist. The restaurant game \"Phone Stack\" acknowledges our compulsions: In the game the diners pile their phones in the middle of the table and the first person to make a grab during the meal picks up the bill.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Zh1m2Io_foo'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Zh1m2Io_foo'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>But from where does this feeling of taint arise, and how does it come to run in perfect parallel with our online enthusiasms and pleasures? When social media works, it feels so like the everyday conviviality and friendship of physical interactions that one could nearly forget to give it any credit. \"Social media\" as a formal topic is generally a troubled one. At such times it is characterized as an addictive substance, a depressant that needs to be managed and curbed. Everyone knows someone perpetually on the brink of quitting Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One hypothesis for this malaise suggests that the gloss people give to their crafted online personae creates an epidemic of inferiority among those of us watching them, as well as an ongoing amnesia toward our own canny uploads. This gulf widens when you consider where we do this watching: from the unglamorous heap of our insomnia, on the choked bus to work, the windows so fogged with kettled breath that you can’t even dream out of them. If this hypothesis is true, then when people log on to social media, they are apt to feel as though entering a joust, with their friends’ successes and wit, their general robustness for life, coming at them like lances. The overt and odious phrase \"You \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=wins%20the%20internet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">win the internet\u003c/a>\"--deployed to congratulate an exemplary piece of digital behavior--does nothing to soothe suspicions of tacit competitiveness.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"765731094381465600"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The inferiority theory is too easy to be the whole story, but nevertheless there is a strong and widespread feeling that our relationship with digital technologies has to be managed as a sort of chronic problem. Simultaneously we are rightly enamored with all the ease and enrichment they provide. The four-dimensional human thus regularly experiences two types of breathlessness. The first is due to the thrill of roving over the world, of dropping in on a sibling and their baby on another continent, of staying for five minutes and laughing the whole time, then swooping back into your skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second breathlessness is not cheerful, and arises in the moments when all this liberty seems to come at the price of its opposite, when the sum of digital life feels more like a cage than a flying carpet. The ongoing narrative of toxicity and depression that shadows digital progress, in conjunction with a sense that this progress is both for the best and inevitable, creates a pervasive atmosphere of claustrophobia. The weather is often close in the fourth dimension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small signal of this confinement is how the phrase \"surfing the internet\" is used much less frequently now than in the old days. Rather than coursing the waves, we are simply, immovably, online. When multiple aspects of digital life are consistently figured as sources, suspected or confirmed, of bodily and psychological pollution, then our irreversible journey deeper and deeper into the network can, in one’s less hardy moments, feel like an imprisonment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, when sleep does come, the four-dimensional human begins to dream of escape.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/229192/the-online-life-as-both-liberation-and-imprisonment","authors":["byline_futureofyou_229192"],"categories":["futureofyou_1061"],"tags":["futureofyou_1439","futureofyou_178","futureofyou_174"],"featImg":"futureofyou_198462","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_141055":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_141055","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"141055","score":null,"sort":[1459983218000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"facebook-rolls-out-photo-recognition-for-blind-users","title":"Facebook Rolls Out Photo Recognition For Blind Users","publishDate":1459983218,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Facebook is training its computers to become seeing-eye guides for blind and visually impaired people as they scroll through the pictures posted on the world's largest online social network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feature rolled out Tuesday on Facebook's iPhone and iPad apps interprets what's in a picture using a form of artificial intelligence that recognizes faces and objects. VoiceOver, a screen reader built into the software powering the iPhone and iPad, must be turned on for Facebook's photo descriptions to be read. For now, the feature will only be available in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, people relying on screen readers on Facebook would only hear that a person had shared a photo without any elaboration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/161529744\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo descriptions initially will be confined to a vocabulary of 100 words in a restriction that will prevent the computer from providing a lot of details. For instance, the automated voice may only tell a user that a photo features three people smiling outdoors without adding that the trio also has drinks in their hands. Or it may say the photo is of pizza without adding that there's pepperoni and olives on top of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is being careful with the technology, called \"automatic alternative text,\" in an attempt to avoid making a mistake that offends its audience. Google learned the risks of automation last year when an image recognition feature in its Photos app labeled a black couple as gorillas, prompting the company to issue an apology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, though, Facebook hopes to refine the technology so it provides more precise descriptions and even answers questions that a user might pose about a picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vocabulary of Facebook's photo-recognition program includes \"car,\" \"sky,\" \"dessert,\" \"baby,\" \"shoes,\" and, of course, \"selfie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook also plans to turn on the technology for its Android app and make it available through Web browsers visiting its site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Menlo Park, California, company is trying to ensure the world's nearly 300 million blind and visually impaired people remain interested in its social network as a steadily increasing number of photos appear on its service. On an average day, Facebook says more than 2 billion photos are posted on its social network and other apps that it owns, a list that includes Messenger, Instagram and WhatsApp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Tuesday post, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg hailed the photo description tool as \"an important step towards making sure everyone has equal access to information and is included in the conversation.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The feature on Facebook's iPhone and iPad apps interprets what's in a picture using a form of artificial intelligence that recognizes faces and objects.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1459989867,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":415},"headData":{"title":"Facebook Rolls Out Photo Recognition For Blind Users | KQED","description":"The feature on Facebook's iPhone and iPad apps interprets what's in a picture using a form of artificial intelligence that recognizes faces and objects.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Facebook Rolls Out Photo Recognition For Blind Users","datePublished":"2016-04-06T22:53:38.000Z","dateModified":"2016-04-07T00:44:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"141055 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=141055","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/06/facebook-rolls-out-photo-recognition-for-blind-users/","disqusTitle":"Facebook Rolls Out Photo Recognition For Blind Users","nprByline":"Michael Liedkte\u003cbr />Associated Press","path":"/futureofyou/141055/facebook-rolls-out-photo-recognition-for-blind-users","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook is training its computers to become seeing-eye guides for blind and visually impaired people as they scroll through the pictures posted on the world's largest online social network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feature rolled out Tuesday on Facebook's iPhone and iPad apps interprets what's in a picture using a form of artificial intelligence that recognizes faces and objects. VoiceOver, a screen reader built into the software powering the iPhone and iPad, must be turned on for Facebook's photo descriptions to be read. For now, the feature will only be available in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, people relying on screen readers on Facebook would only hear that a person had shared a photo without any elaboration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/161529744\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo descriptions initially will be confined to a vocabulary of 100 words in a restriction that will prevent the computer from providing a lot of details. For instance, the automated voice may only tell a user that a photo features three people smiling outdoors without adding that the trio also has drinks in their hands. Or it may say the photo is of pizza without adding that there's pepperoni and olives on top of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is being careful with the technology, called \"automatic alternative text,\" in an attempt to avoid making a mistake that offends its audience. Google learned the risks of automation last year when an image recognition feature in its Photos app labeled a black couple as gorillas, prompting the company to issue an apology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, though, Facebook hopes to refine the technology so it provides more precise descriptions and even answers questions that a user might pose about a picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vocabulary of Facebook's photo-recognition program includes \"car,\" \"sky,\" \"dessert,\" \"baby,\" \"shoes,\" and, of course, \"selfie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook also plans to turn on the technology for its Android app and make it available through Web browsers visiting its site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Menlo Park, California, company is trying to ensure the world's nearly 300 million blind and visually impaired people remain interested in its social network as a steadily increasing number of photos appear on its service. On an average day, Facebook says more than 2 billion photos are posted on its social network and other apps that it owns, a list that includes Messenger, Instagram and WhatsApp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Tuesday post, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg hailed the photo description tool as \"an important step towards making sure everyone has equal access to information and is included in the conversation.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/141055/facebook-rolls-out-photo-recognition-for-blind-users","authors":["byline_futureofyou_141055"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_849","futureofyou_178","futureofyou_850"],"featImg":"futureofyou_141062","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_1261":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_1261","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"1261","score":null,"sort":[1428951969000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"9-fresh-ways-medicine-makes-use-of-social-media","title":"9 Fresh Ways Medicine Makes Use of Social Media","publishDate":1428951969,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Contributor | Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":54,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Author Emily F. Peters is founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.uncommonbold.com/\">Uncommon Bold\u003c/a>, a San Francisco–based brand strategy studio. Reach her on Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/EmilyFPeters\">@emilyfpeters\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has 1.3 billion users, more than 900 million people use Twitter, and an hour of video is uploaded to YouTube every single second. In the last decade, social networks have fundamentally changed the ways we connect, build communities and \u003ca href=\"http://giphy.com/search/ninja-cat\">share ninja cat GIFs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much about health care seems perfectly matched for this modern landscape of social media: All those heart-wrenching stories of recovery against the odds, inspiring new robotic inventions, cases of doctors who just care too much and loads of “you’ll never believe” medical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it comes to social media, the health sector is just getting started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Healthcare is habitually late to the party when it comes to marketing and communications, as it's a heavily regulated industry. Social media is no exception,\" said Amanda Changuris, a social media marketing analyst at Highmark and an advisor to the \u003ca href=\"http://network.socialmedia.mayoclinic.org/about-3/\">Mayo Clinic Center for Social Media.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The good news is that there are now some truly excellent minds putting the medium through its paces for the benefit of patients, physicians and the public in general,\" said Changuris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can social media and medicine do? From organ donations to #FOMO (which stands for \"fear of missing out\"), here are nine ingenious examples of health care making the most of social networks:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opening Operating Rooms to the World\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If blood and gore doesn't make you squeamish, tune into live hospital video streams. Health organizations are tapping into our fascination with medicine and human anatomy by broadcasting surgical procedures via social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.swedish.org/landing-pages/cochlear-implant-and-hearing-loss-web-series\">The Swedish Medical Center in Washington State\u003c/a> ran a live broadcast of a cochlear implant surgery and followed up with emotional video of the patient listening to music for the first time. \u003ca href=\"http://www.memorialhermann.org/body-of-experts/c-section-twittercast/\">Memorial Hermann Hospital in Texas \u003c/a>showed a six-pound baby boy being delivered via cesarean section live from the OR on Twitter. \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/ucla-live-tweets-surgery-to-implant-246356\">UCLA broadcast live on Vine \u003c/a>during brain surgery, showing the Parkinson’s patient playing country music guitar mid-operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1550\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720.jpg\" alt='A screenshot from a video intended to reduce fears about the \"snip\"' width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-320x180.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot from a video intended to reduce fears about the \"snip\" \u003ccite>(YouTube/ World Vasectomy Day)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And in 2014, the doctors behind \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldvasectomyday.org\">World Vasectomy Day\u003c/a> took it a step further with a single-day live broadcast of 25 vasectomies. Over 10,000 viewers tuned in to the video stream of surgeries, international video interviews and short documentaries -- all as part of advocacy efforts to reduce fear of “the snip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crowdsourcing Tough Medical Diagnoses\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average patient who signs up to a website called \u003ca href=\"http://crowdmed.com\">CrowdMed\u003c/a> has been sick for about eight years, spent more than $55,000 on medical expenses and still doesn’t have a diagnosis for their disease. The crowdsourcing startup helps patients reach a network of “medical detectives”— mostly healthcare professionals and medical students across 23 countries—with their tough medical cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdmed.com/our-stories/julietta\">One patient, Juliette (pseudonym), \u003c/a>found a diagnosis and cure in just two weeks for a painful swelling condition that had kept her bedridden and undergoing surgery for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our 'medical detectives' spend an average of 11 hours per month solving medical cases on the network, which is more time than the average user spends on any other online social media,” said Jessica Greenwalt, co-founder of CrowdMed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They devote a lot of time to researching diagnoses and communicating with patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Raising Millions for Clinical Research\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When four-year-old Eliza O’Neill was diagnosed with a rare pediatric disease, her parents turned to social media with a poignant video. \u003ca href=\"http://www.gofundme.com/ElizaONeill\">They’ve now raised more than $2 million for Sanfilippo Syndrome\u003c/a> from 30,000 donors and are working with Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Ohio to speed clinical trials for a promising cure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"425\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/G0IY8qG7J-I?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campaigns like Eliza's and\u003ca href=\"http://www.alsa.org/about-us/ice-bucket-challenge-faq.html\"> the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge\u003c/a> —which raised $115 million in just a few months -- prove just how potent a platform social media can be for raising funds and awareness. The social media model is now being used for everything from \u003ca href=\"http://fightcolorectalcancer.org/do-something/raise-awareness/strong-arm-selfie/\">#strongarmselfies\u003c/a> for colon cancer to \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/west-africans-get-creative-ebola-awareness\">buckets of soapy water for Ebola awareness.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tapping into #FOMO for Public Health\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA studied using social networks to drive up peer pressure and combat the spread of AIDS. The Harnessing Online Peer Education \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/combining-social-media-and-behavioral-psychology-could-lead-to-more-hiv-testing\">(HOPE) study\u003c/a> found that social media conversations could triple the request rate for at-home HIV tests in high-risk populations in just three weeks. The researchers are now focused on expanding the study’s lessons to combat substance abuse, depression and bullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a huge potential in social media—not necessarily because of social media itself, but because everyone uses it,” said Sean Young, executive director, UC Institute for Prediction Technology and UCLA Center for Digital Behavior and the primary investigator on the HOPE study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Researchers are typically behind the curve in terms of what people are using in technology. People who want to find sex partners, who want to find drugs, they’re going to use the most up-to-date technology to do that. Researchers need to stay ahead of the latest tech trends to keep up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mining Social Data for Life-Saving Trends\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive, real-time trove of public social media data is a potential gold mine for medical researchers. For example, University of Pennsylvania recently found that \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/26/2/159\">angry tweets were a strong predictor of fatal cardiac disease.\u003c/a> According to the study, the “model based only on Twitter language predicted [heart disease] mortality significantly better than did a model that combined 10 common demographic, socioeconomic and health risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, hypertension and obesity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1551\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 432px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1551\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot of a real-time Ebola tracking map from researchers at Northeastern \" width=\"432\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1.jpg 1169w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-400x283.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-800x566.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-768x543.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-320x226.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of a real-time Ebola tracking map from researchers at Northeastern \u003ccite>(Emily Peters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Northeastern University created a real-time map tracking international \u003ca href=\"http://ebolatracking.org\">Ebola awareness\u003c/a> through tweets. In Italy, scientists improved on Google’s Flu Trends to create accurate \u003ca href=\"http://www.aiimjournal.com/article/S0933-3657(14)00004-9/abstract\">“syndromic surveillance”\u003c/a> of flu through Twitter. While the potential for social media in research is huge, there are emerging debates about the \u003ca href=\"http://sciencelife.uchospitals.edu/2014/10/21/a-tempting-source-of-data-social-media-is-uncharted-ethical-territory-for-medical-research/\">ethics and accuracy of using the data.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Direct Messaging Candidates for Clinical Trials\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 30 percent of the work of a clinical trial is spent on patient recruiting, and difficulty finding patients is cited as the top reason that clinical research is delayed. Social media is changing this fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1553\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 385px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1553\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients.png\" alt=\"A graphic developed by PatientsLikeMe\" width=\"385\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients.png 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-400x400.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-600x600.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-1180x1180.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-768x768.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-320x320.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A graphic developed by PatientsLikeMe \u003ccite>(PatientsLikeMe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/04/09/peds.2013-2966.abstract\">one study in the journal Pediatrics\u003c/a> found that 84 percent of patients for two recent pediatric rare disease trials were referred via social media. The patient social network \u003ca href=\"http://patientslikeme.com\">PatientsLikeMe\u003c/a> even has a tool to automatically match members to over 45,000 clinical trial opportunities. Patient recruitment via social networks could lead to quicker and more cost-effective research for cures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paging Doctors About the Conversation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1554\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 460px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1554\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO.jpeg\" alt=\"A heat map of salaries for general surgeons by U.S. country\" width=\"460\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO.jpeg 2400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-400x200.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-800x400.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-1180x590.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-768x384.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-320x160.jpeg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A heat map of salaries for general surgeons by region. \u003ccite>(Doximity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strict privacy restrictions made social media a dangerous territory for medical professionals early on, but the healthcare sector is adapting quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professional networks such as \u003ca href=\"http://sermo.com\">Sermo\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://doximity.com\">Doximity\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://figure1.com/\">Figure 1\u003c/a> have created physician-only social spaces for collaboration. Doximity has gone so far as to crowd-source information on medical training and salaries to provide back to its doctor membership. \u003ca href=\"http://network.socialmedia.mayoclinic.org/social-media-residency/\">Mayo Clinic’s Center for Social Media\u003c/a> has been a leader in helping doctors and medical organizations to dip their toes in the social waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's Trending? Organ Donations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Facebook added a single organ donation question to their timeline, over 57,000 people announced their intentions to be donors, and 13,000 officially joined their state registry in a single day— \u003ca href=\"http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/the_facebook_effect_social_media_dramatically_boosts_organ_donor_registration\">an increase of 21 times\u003c/a> over normal registration rates, according to Johns Hopkins researchers. The long-term impact of Facebook’s organ donation campaign is still being studied, but it’s a hopeful step for the over 100,000 Americans currently on organ waiting lists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Making Disease Awareness Personal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, a social media campaign made use of Facebook’s unique features to cleverly raise awareness of a terrible disease. In Holland, health advocates photoshopped people into pictures of events they never attended and then tagged them on Facebook. A followup message said, “Confusing, right? You’re now experiencing what it’s like to have Alzheimer’s disease.” Skip to the bottom for \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/85254361\">a video\u003c/a> with details of their ingenious social campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the examples above took place in the past few years, which suggests that this potent combination of social media and medicine is still in its early days. Despite concerns about consumer privacy and some reticence from healthcare leaders, researchers, doctors, and patients have found fresh new ways to make the most of the social networks that connect us all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[vimeo 85254361 w=500 h=281]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclosure: Peters is a shareholder in Doximity having worked with them until February of 2015. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The health sector is leveraging social media in unexpected ways, whether it's live-streaming a surgery or \"crowdsourcing\" medical knowledge. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1428955257,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":1522},"headData":{"title":"9 Fresh Ways Medicine Makes Use of Social Media | KQED","description":"The health sector is leveraging social media in unexpected ways, whether it's live-streaming a surgery or "crowdsourcing" medical knowledge. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"9 Fresh Ways Medicine Makes Use of Social Media","datePublished":"2015-04-13T19:06:09.000Z","dateModified":"2015-04-13T20:00:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"1261 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=1261","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/04/13/9-fresh-ways-medicine-makes-use-of-social-media/","disqusTitle":"9 Fresh Ways Medicine Makes Use of Social Media","path":"/futureofyou/1261/9-fresh-ways-medicine-makes-use-of-social-media","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Author Emily F. Peters is founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.uncommonbold.com/\">Uncommon Bold\u003c/a>, a San Francisco–based brand strategy studio. Reach her on Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/EmilyFPeters\">@emilyfpeters\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has 1.3 billion users, more than 900 million people use Twitter, and an hour of video is uploaded to YouTube every single second. In the last decade, social networks have fundamentally changed the ways we connect, build communities and \u003ca href=\"http://giphy.com/search/ninja-cat\">share ninja cat GIFs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much about health care seems perfectly matched for this modern landscape of social media: All those heart-wrenching stories of recovery against the odds, inspiring new robotic inventions, cases of doctors who just care too much and loads of “you’ll never believe” medical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it comes to social media, the health sector is just getting started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Healthcare is habitually late to the party when it comes to marketing and communications, as it's a heavily regulated industry. Social media is no exception,\" said Amanda Changuris, a social media marketing analyst at Highmark and an advisor to the \u003ca href=\"http://network.socialmedia.mayoclinic.org/about-3/\">Mayo Clinic Center for Social Media.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The good news is that there are now some truly excellent minds putting the medium through its paces for the benefit of patients, physicians and the public in general,\" said Changuris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can social media and medicine do? From organ donations to #FOMO (which stands for \"fear of missing out\"), here are nine ingenious examples of health care making the most of social networks:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opening Operating Rooms to the World\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If blood and gore doesn't make you squeamish, tune into live hospital video streams. Health organizations are tapping into our fascination with medicine and human anatomy by broadcasting surgical procedures via social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.swedish.org/landing-pages/cochlear-implant-and-hearing-loss-web-series\">The Swedish Medical Center in Washington State\u003c/a> ran a live broadcast of a cochlear implant surgery and followed up with emotional video of the patient listening to music for the first time. \u003ca href=\"http://www.memorialhermann.org/body-of-experts/c-section-twittercast/\">Memorial Hermann Hospital in Texas \u003c/a>showed a six-pound baby boy being delivered via cesarean section live from the OR on Twitter. \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/ucla-live-tweets-surgery-to-implant-246356\">UCLA broadcast live on Vine \u003c/a>during brain surgery, showing the Parkinson’s patient playing country music guitar mid-operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1550\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720.jpg\" alt='A screenshot from a video intended to reduce fears about the \"snip\"' width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/456343289_1280x720-320x180.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot from a video intended to reduce fears about the \"snip\" \u003ccite>(YouTube/ World Vasectomy Day)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And in 2014, the doctors behind \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldvasectomyday.org\">World Vasectomy Day\u003c/a> took it a step further with a single-day live broadcast of 25 vasectomies. Over 10,000 viewers tuned in to the video stream of surgeries, international video interviews and short documentaries -- all as part of advocacy efforts to reduce fear of “the snip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crowdsourcing Tough Medical Diagnoses\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average patient who signs up to a website called \u003ca href=\"http://crowdmed.com\">CrowdMed\u003c/a> has been sick for about eight years, spent more than $55,000 on medical expenses and still doesn’t have a diagnosis for their disease. The crowdsourcing startup helps patients reach a network of “medical detectives”— mostly healthcare professionals and medical students across 23 countries—with their tough medical cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdmed.com/our-stories/julietta\">One patient, Juliette (pseudonym), \u003c/a>found a diagnosis and cure in just two weeks for a painful swelling condition that had kept her bedridden and undergoing surgery for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our 'medical detectives' spend an average of 11 hours per month solving medical cases on the network, which is more time than the average user spends on any other online social media,” said Jessica Greenwalt, co-founder of CrowdMed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They devote a lot of time to researching diagnoses and communicating with patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Raising Millions for Clinical Research\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When four-year-old Eliza O’Neill was diagnosed with a rare pediatric disease, her parents turned to social media with a poignant video. \u003ca href=\"http://www.gofundme.com/ElizaONeill\">They’ve now raised more than $2 million for Sanfilippo Syndrome\u003c/a> from 30,000 donors and are working with Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Ohio to speed clinical trials for a promising cure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"425\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/G0IY8qG7J-I?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campaigns like Eliza's and\u003ca href=\"http://www.alsa.org/about-us/ice-bucket-challenge-faq.html\"> the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge\u003c/a> —which raised $115 million in just a few months -- prove just how potent a platform social media can be for raising funds and awareness. The social media model is now being used for everything from \u003ca href=\"http://fightcolorectalcancer.org/do-something/raise-awareness/strong-arm-selfie/\">#strongarmselfies\u003c/a> for colon cancer to \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/west-africans-get-creative-ebola-awareness\">buckets of soapy water for Ebola awareness.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tapping into #FOMO for Public Health\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA studied using social networks to drive up peer pressure and combat the spread of AIDS. The Harnessing Online Peer Education \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/combining-social-media-and-behavioral-psychology-could-lead-to-more-hiv-testing\">(HOPE) study\u003c/a> found that social media conversations could triple the request rate for at-home HIV tests in high-risk populations in just three weeks. The researchers are now focused on expanding the study’s lessons to combat substance abuse, depression and bullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a huge potential in social media—not necessarily because of social media itself, but because everyone uses it,” said Sean Young, executive director, UC Institute for Prediction Technology and UCLA Center for Digital Behavior and the primary investigator on the HOPE study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Researchers are typically behind the curve in terms of what people are using in technology. People who want to find sex partners, who want to find drugs, they’re going to use the most up-to-date technology to do that. Researchers need to stay ahead of the latest tech trends to keep up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mining Social Data for Life-Saving Trends\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive, real-time trove of public social media data is a potential gold mine for medical researchers. For example, University of Pennsylvania recently found that \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/26/2/159\">angry tweets were a strong predictor of fatal cardiac disease.\u003c/a> According to the study, the “model based only on Twitter language predicted [heart disease] mortality significantly better than did a model that combined 10 common demographic, socioeconomic and health risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, hypertension and obesity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1551\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 432px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1551\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot of a real-time Ebola tracking map from researchers at Northeastern \" width=\"432\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1.jpg 1169w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-400x283.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-800x566.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-768x543.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/EbolaTracking-1-320x226.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of a real-time Ebola tracking map from researchers at Northeastern \u003ccite>(Emily Peters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Northeastern University created a real-time map tracking international \u003ca href=\"http://ebolatracking.org\">Ebola awareness\u003c/a> through tweets. In Italy, scientists improved on Google’s Flu Trends to create accurate \u003ca href=\"http://www.aiimjournal.com/article/S0933-3657(14)00004-9/abstract\">“syndromic surveillance”\u003c/a> of flu through Twitter. While the potential for social media in research is huge, there are emerging debates about the \u003ca href=\"http://sciencelife.uchospitals.edu/2014/10/21/a-tempting-source-of-data-social-media-is-uncharted-ethical-territory-for-medical-research/\">ethics and accuracy of using the data.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Direct Messaging Candidates for Clinical Trials\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 30 percent of the work of a clinical trial is spent on patient recruiting, and difficulty finding patients is cited as the top reason that clinical research is delayed. Social media is changing this fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1553\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 385px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-1553\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients.png\" alt=\"A graphic developed by PatientsLikeMe\" width=\"385\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients.png 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-400x400.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-600x600.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-1180x1180.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-768x768.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-320x320.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/2_other_patients-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A graphic developed by PatientsLikeMe \u003ccite>(PatientsLikeMe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/04/09/peds.2013-2966.abstract\">one study in the journal Pediatrics\u003c/a> found that 84 percent of patients for two recent pediatric rare disease trials were referred via social media. The patient social network \u003ca href=\"http://patientslikeme.com\">PatientsLikeMe\u003c/a> even has a tool to automatically match members to over 45,000 clinical trial opportunities. Patient recruitment via social networks could lead to quicker and more cost-effective research for cures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paging Doctors About the Conversation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1554\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 460px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1554\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO.jpeg\" alt=\"A heat map of salaries for general surgeons by U.S. country\" width=\"460\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO.jpeg 2400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-400x200.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-800x400.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-1180x590.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-768x384.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/171497-INFO-320x160.jpeg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A heat map of salaries for general surgeons by region. \u003ccite>(Doximity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Strict privacy restrictions made social media a dangerous territory for medical professionals early on, but the healthcare sector is adapting quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professional networks such as \u003ca href=\"http://sermo.com\">Sermo\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://doximity.com\">Doximity\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://figure1.com/\">Figure 1\u003c/a> have created physician-only social spaces for collaboration. Doximity has gone so far as to crowd-source information on medical training and salaries to provide back to its doctor membership. \u003ca href=\"http://network.socialmedia.mayoclinic.org/social-media-residency/\">Mayo Clinic’s Center for Social Media\u003c/a> has been a leader in helping doctors and medical organizations to dip their toes in the social waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's Trending? Organ Donations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Facebook added a single organ donation question to their timeline, over 57,000 people announced their intentions to be donors, and 13,000 officially joined their state registry in a single day— \u003ca href=\"http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/the_facebook_effect_social_media_dramatically_boosts_organ_donor_registration\">an increase of 21 times\u003c/a> over normal registration rates, according to Johns Hopkins researchers. The long-term impact of Facebook’s organ donation campaign is still being studied, but it’s a hopeful step for the over 100,000 Americans currently on organ waiting lists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Making Disease Awareness Personal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, a social media campaign made use of Facebook’s unique features to cleverly raise awareness of a terrible disease. In Holland, health advocates photoshopped people into pictures of events they never attended and then tagged them on Facebook. A followup message said, “Confusing, right? You’re now experiencing what it’s like to have Alzheimer’s disease.” Skip to the bottom for \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/85254361\">a video\u003c/a> with details of their ingenious social campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the examples above took place in the past few years, which suggests that this potent combination of social media and medicine is still in its early days. Despite concerns about consumer privacy and some reticence from healthcare leaders, researchers, doctors, and patients have found fresh new ways to make the most of the social networks that connect us all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"vimeo","attributes":{"named":{"w":"500","h":"281","label":"85254361"},"numeric":["85254361"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclosure: Peters is a shareholder in Doximity having worked with them until February of 2015. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/1261/9-fresh-ways-medicine-makes-use-of-social-media","authors":["7236"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"series":["futureofyou_172"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_175","futureofyou_176","futureofyou_178","futureofyou_177","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_173","futureofyou_174","futureofyou_179"],"featImg":"futureofyou_1483","label":"futureofyou_54"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. 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