In Just 5 Years, 7 States Developed Adult Obesity Rates of 35 Percent or Higher
To Lose Weight, Focus on What You Eat, Not How Much: Study
The Long, Strange History of Dieting Fads
Dropping Medication in Favor of Diet to Treat Kids' ADHD
‘Mindful’ Bear Aims to Teach Kids About Healthy Eating
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She was previously with Reuters, covering digital health and Apple and before that, she reported for Venture Beat. Christina was born and raised in London and has graduate degrees from University of London and the Stanford School of Journalism. Farr’s work has appeared in a variety of publications, including the New York Times, the Daily Telegraph, the Bay Citizen and SFGate.com. She has appeared as a featured expert on NBC, ABC and Reuters TV, among others, and frequently speaks at health and technology conferences. She is also co-founder of Ladies Who Vino, a networking group for women in technology and business.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/22c63869a7901c61c15e204391c1261d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Christina Farr | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/22c63869a7901c61c15e204391c1261d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/22c63869a7901c61c15e204391c1261d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/cfarr"},"lesleymcclurg":{"type":"authors","id":"11229","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11229","found":true},"name":"Lesley McClurg","firstName":"Lesley","lastName":"McClurg","slug":"lesleymcclurg","email":"lmcclurg@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"KQED Health Correspondent","bio":"Lesley McClurg is a health correspondent and fill-in host. Her work is regularly rebroadcast on numerous NPR and PBS shows. She has won several regional Emmy awards, a regional and a national Edward R. Murrow award. The Association for Health Journalists awarded Lesley best beat coverage. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her reporting several times. The Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her ongoing coverage of California's historic drought. Before joining KQED in 2016, she covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, the environment for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for both KUOW and KCTS9 in Seattle. When not hunched over her laptop Lesley enjoys skiing with her daughter, cycling with her partner or scheming their next globetrotting adventure. Before motherhood she relished dancing tango till sunrise. When on deadline she fuels herself almost exclusively on chocolate chips.\r\n\r\n ","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"lesleywmcclurg","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lesley McClurg | KQED","description":"KQED Health Correspondent","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lesleymcclurg"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"futureofyou_444424":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_444424","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"444424","score":null,"sort":[1536776801000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-just-5-years-7-states-developed-adult-obesity-rates-of-35-percent-or-higher","title":"In Just 5 Years, 7 States Developed Adult Obesity Rates of 35 Percent or Higher","publishDate":1536776801,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Seven U.S. states now have adult obesity rates of 35 percent or higher, up from zero states just five years ago, according to federal data released Wednesday.[contextly_sidebar id=\"99npNiyEmtYPSxMeUr9ZC2OpxalF30tD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2017 data, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, highlight continuing discrepancies in adult obesity rates across geographic areas, race, and education levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven states with obesity rates of at least 35 percent in 2017 were Alabama, Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and West Virginia, which itself had the highest rate in the country at 38.1 percent. Colorado had the lowest obesity rate, at 22.6 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawaii and Washington, D.C., were the only other places where fewer than 1 in 4 adults were obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the South and Midwest had the highest prevalence of adult obesity, the data showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_444430\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 877px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-444430\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"877\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall.jpg 877w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-768x462.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-240x144.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-375x226.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-520x313.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 877px) 100vw, 877px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prevalence of self-reported obesity among U.S. adults by state and territory. \u003ccite>(CDC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nationally, adults without a high school degree had obesity rates of 35.6 percent, compared with 32.9 percent for people with a high school degree, 31.9 percent of people with some college-level education, and 22.7 percent for college graduates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obesity rate for black adults was 39 percent, compared with 32.4 percent for Hispanics and 29.3 percent for whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report, the CDC called for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/strategies/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a comprehensive strategy\u003c/a> to reduce obesity prevalence, with steps including healthy eating, better sleep, stress management, and physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/09/12/seven-u-s-states-now-have-adult-obesity-rates-of-35-percent-or-higher/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The new data highlights continuing discrepancies in adult obesity rates across geographic areas, race, and education levels.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1536776801,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":266},"headData":{"title":"In Just 5 Years, 7 States Developed Adult Obesity Rates of 35 Percent or Higher | KQED","description":"The new data highlights continuing discrepancies in adult obesity rates across geographic areas, race, and education levels.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"In Just 5 Years, 7 States Developed Adult Obesity Rates of 35 Percent or Higher","datePublished":"2018-09-12T18:26:41.000Z","dateModified":"2018-09-12T18:26:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444424 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444424","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/09/12/in-just-5-years-7-states-developed-adult-obesity-rates-of-35-percent-or-higher/","disqusTitle":"In Just 5 Years, 7 States Developed Adult Obesity Rates of 35 Percent or Higher","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Andrew Joseph\u003cbr />STAT","path":"/futureofyou/444424/in-just-5-years-7-states-developed-adult-obesity-rates-of-35-percent-or-higher","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Seven U.S. states now have adult obesity rates of 35 percent or higher, up from zero states just five years ago, according to federal data released Wednesday.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2017 data, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, highlight continuing discrepancies in adult obesity rates across geographic areas, race, and education levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven states with obesity rates of at least 35 percent in 2017 were Alabama, Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and West Virginia, which itself had the highest rate in the country at 38.1 percent. Colorado had the lowest obesity rate, at 22.6 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawaii and Washington, D.C., were the only other places where fewer than 1 in 4 adults were obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the South and Midwest had the highest prevalence of adult obesity, the data showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_444430\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 877px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-444430\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"877\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall.jpg 877w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-768x462.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-240x144.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-375x226.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/brfss_2017_obesity-overall-520x313.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 877px) 100vw, 877px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prevalence of self-reported obesity among U.S. adults by state and territory. \u003ccite>(CDC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nationally, adults without a high school degree had obesity rates of 35.6 percent, compared with 32.9 percent for people with a high school degree, 31.9 percent of people with some college-level education, and 22.7 percent for college graduates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obesity rate for black adults was 39 percent, compared with 32.4 percent for Hispanics and 29.3 percent for whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report, the CDC called for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/strategies/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a comprehensive strategy\u003c/a> to reduce obesity prevalence, with steps including healthy eating, better sleep, stress management, and physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/09/12/seven-u-s-states-now-have-adult-obesity-rates-of-35-percent-or-higher/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444424/in-just-5-years-7-states-developed-adult-obesity-rates-of-35-percent-or-higher","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444424"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_597","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_562"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444426","label":"source_futureofyou_444424"},"futureofyou_439593":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_439593","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"439593","score":null,"sort":[1519179879000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"to-lose-weight-what-you-eat-is-more-important-than-how-much-study-finds","title":"To Lose Weight, Focus on What You Eat, Not How Much: Study","publishDate":1519179879,"format":"image","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>There is not a clear winner in the battle between low-fat or low-carb diets, according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2673150?redirect=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> published Tuesday in JAMA. The study, from Stanford University researchers, found that the nutritional value of foods is more important to weight loss than whether you exclude fats or carbohydrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers monitored the diets of more than 600 overweight adults. Even though the subjects did not focus on cutting calories, they lost an average of about 12 pounds over the course of a year. The weight changes ranged from a reduction of 60 pounds to a gain of 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study randomly assigned participants to reduce fat or carbohydrate intake. Subjects were not provided with food. Rather, they sat through 22 health education classes, where they learned how to shop, cook and dine nutritiously. They were also encouraged to be physically active.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Those who ate the fewest processed foods, sugary drinks and unhealthy fats while eating the most vegetables lost the most weight, regardless of whether they followed a low-carb or low-fat diet.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The results, based on self-reports from the study subjects, showed that both the low-carb and low-fat groups reduced their daily calorie intake by an average of about 500 calories. Being assigned to the low-carb or low-fat group didn't affect the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not All Calories Are the Same\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did matter across both groups was the type of carbohydrates or fats participants consumed: Those who ate the fewest processed foods, sugary drinks and unhealthy fats while eating the most vegetables lost the most weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without focusing on calorie restriction,” said lead author Christopher Gardner in an email, “Our participants reported achieving calorie restriction, and in fact lost weight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potentially participants felt more satiated by eating a healthier diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you reduce starch and sugar and you increase minimally processed healthful foods like vegetables, weight will go down naturally,\" said Dariush Mozaffarian, a cardiologist and nutrition expert\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>at Tufts University who is not connected to the study\u003cstrong>.\" \u003c/strong>About 10 pounds a year, which is pretty substantial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Silver Bullet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results add to a growing body of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182101\">research\u003c/a> calling fad diets into question. Scientists have yet to corroborate any alleged silver bullet for losing weight, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16476868\">studies\u003c/a> have found \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182101\">negligible differences\u003c/a> in reducing capabilities between low-carb and low-fat diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mozaffarian specifically questions the mantra that all carbs are bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The carbs that we should be avoiding are those that come in high doses and are digested very quickly, what you might call fast carbs,\" he says. He recommends tossing out refined flours, potatoes and sugars and stocking up on fruits, beans and minimally processed whole grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health outcomes of the participants also improved by changing what they ate. Body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin went down for both the low-fat and the low-carb groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precision Medicine Takes a Hit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of the study, participants underwent analysis to identify genetic variations that are linked to how the body processes fats or carbohydrates, which the researchers thought would make each individual more likely to lose weight on a low-fat or low-carb diet. Previous research had suggested that genes could interact with different types of diets to influence weight loss. The participants' insulin levels were also taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"lR73EJFQlezW1NDSbIIGP6dv8VCGeXmF\"]But neither their genetic makeup nor insulin resistance mattered in how successful the participants were in losing weight, the study found. These results suggest that “precision medicine is not as important as eating mindfully [and] getting rid of packaged, processed food,” said lead author Christopher Gardner. To achieve the former, he recommends avoiding screens while dining, shopping at farmers markets and sitting down for meals with friends and family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Experts Weigh In\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was well-conducted, says Dr. David Ludwig, a Boston Children’s Hospital obesity researcher. But because participants were not provided with specific foods and self-reported their choices, he says, it wasn’t rigorous enough to disprove the idea that certain genes and insulin levels may affect which types of diets lead to weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Frank Hu, nutrition chief at Harvard’s School of Public Health who has called precision nutrition a promising approach, says the study wasn’t a comprehensive test of all gene variations that might affect individual responses to weight loss diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In any weight loss diets, adherence to the diet and the overall quality of the diet are probably more important than any other factors,” Hu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Still On The Hunt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford researchers plan to continue combing through the data to see if other biological factors, such as those linked to individual microbiomes or to epigenetics, for example, impacted the results. Gardener has a hunch that one key factor is satiety: Some people might feel full after eating a bowl of steel cut oats for breakfast, for instance, while others still feel hungry. Meanwhile, the same people unsatiated by oatmeal might do better with eggs and an avocado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the next level of personalization is really thinking about which good carbs and which good fat foods are more satiating for some people than others,\" Gardner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report and the content has been edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Eating healthier foods and not following a low-fat or low-carb diet determined dieting success in Stanford study.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1519695424,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":908},"headData":{"title":"To Lose Weight, Focus on What You Eat, Not How Much: Study | KQED","description":"Eating healthier foods and not following a low-fat or low-carb diet determined dieting success in Stanford study.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"To Lose Weight, Focus on What You Eat, Not How Much: Study","datePublished":"2018-02-21T02:24:39.000Z","dateModified":"2018-02-27T01:37:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"439593 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439593","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/02/20/to-lose-weight-what-you-eat-is-more-important-than-how-much-study-finds/","disqusTitle":"To Lose Weight, Focus on What You Eat, Not How Much: Study","source":"Hope/Hype","sourceUrl":"KQED Future of You","path":"/futureofyou/439593/to-lose-weight-what-you-eat-is-more-important-than-how-much-study-finds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There is not a clear winner in the battle between low-fat or low-carb diets, according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2673150?redirect=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> published Tuesday in JAMA. The study, from Stanford University researchers, found that the nutritional value of foods is more important to weight loss than whether you exclude fats or carbohydrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers monitored the diets of more than 600 overweight adults. Even though the subjects did not focus on cutting calories, they lost an average of about 12 pounds over the course of a year. The weight changes ranged from a reduction of 60 pounds to a gain of 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study randomly assigned participants to reduce fat or carbohydrate intake. Subjects were not provided with food. Rather, they sat through 22 health education classes, where they learned how to shop, cook and dine nutritiously. They were also encouraged to be physically active.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Those who ate the fewest processed foods, sugary drinks and unhealthy fats while eating the most vegetables lost the most weight, regardless of whether they followed a low-carb or low-fat diet.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The results, based on self-reports from the study subjects, showed that both the low-carb and low-fat groups reduced their daily calorie intake by an average of about 500 calories. Being assigned to the low-carb or low-fat group didn't affect the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not All Calories Are the Same\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did matter across both groups was the type of carbohydrates or fats participants consumed: Those who ate the fewest processed foods, sugary drinks and unhealthy fats while eating the most vegetables lost the most weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without focusing on calorie restriction,” said lead author Christopher Gardner in an email, “Our participants reported achieving calorie restriction, and in fact lost weight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potentially participants felt more satiated by eating a healthier diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you reduce starch and sugar and you increase minimally processed healthful foods like vegetables, weight will go down naturally,\" said Dariush Mozaffarian, a cardiologist and nutrition expert\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>at Tufts University who is not connected to the study\u003cstrong>.\" \u003c/strong>About 10 pounds a year, which is pretty substantial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Silver Bullet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results add to a growing body of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182101\">research\u003c/a> calling fad diets into question. Scientists have yet to corroborate any alleged silver bullet for losing weight, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16476868\">studies\u003c/a> have found \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182101\">negligible differences\u003c/a> in reducing capabilities between low-carb and low-fat diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mozaffarian specifically questions the mantra that all carbs are bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The carbs that we should be avoiding are those that come in high doses and are digested very quickly, what you might call fast carbs,\" he says. He recommends tossing out refined flours, potatoes and sugars and stocking up on fruits, beans and minimally processed whole grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health outcomes of the participants also improved by changing what they ate. Body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin went down for both the low-fat and the low-carb groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precision Medicine Takes a Hit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of the study, participants underwent analysis to identify genetic variations that are linked to how the body processes fats or carbohydrates, which the researchers thought would make each individual more likely to lose weight on a low-fat or low-carb diet. Previous research had suggested that genes could interact with different types of diets to influence weight loss. The participants' insulin levels were also taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But neither their genetic makeup nor insulin resistance mattered in how successful the participants were in losing weight, the study found. These results suggest that “precision medicine is not as important as eating mindfully [and] getting rid of packaged, processed food,” said lead author Christopher Gardner. To achieve the former, he recommends avoiding screens while dining, shopping at farmers markets and sitting down for meals with friends and family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Experts Weigh In\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was well-conducted, says Dr. David Ludwig, a Boston Children’s Hospital obesity researcher. But because participants were not provided with specific foods and self-reported their choices, he says, it wasn’t rigorous enough to disprove the idea that certain genes and insulin levels may affect which types of diets lead to weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Frank Hu, nutrition chief at Harvard’s School of Public Health who has called precision nutrition a promising approach, says the study wasn’t a comprehensive test of all gene variations that might affect individual responses to weight loss diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In any weight loss diets, adherence to the diet and the overall quality of the diet are probably more important than any other factors,” Hu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Still On The Hunt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford researchers plan to continue combing through the data to see if other biological factors, such as those linked to individual microbiomes or to epigenetics, for example, impacted the results. Gardener has a hunch that one key factor is satiety: Some people might feel full after eating a bowl of steel cut oats for breakfast, for instance, while others still feel hungry. Meanwhile, the same people unsatiated by oatmeal might do better with eggs and an avocado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the next level of personalization is really thinking about which good carbs and which good fat foods are more satiating for some people than others,\" Gardner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report and the content has been edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/439593/to-lose-weight-what-you-eat-is-more-important-than-how-much-study-finds","authors":["11229"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73","futureofyou_1064"],"tags":["futureofyou_1461","futureofyou_597","futureofyou_1462","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_120","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_1406","futureofyou_112","futureofyou_1463"],"featImg":"futureofyou_439683","label":"source_futureofyou_439593"},"futureofyou_437291":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_437291","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"437291","score":null,"sort":[1511510721000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-long-strange-history-of-dieting-fads","title":"The Long, Strange History of Dieting Fads","publishDate":1511510721,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>“Of all the parasites that affect humanity I do not know of, nor can I imagine, any more distressing than that of Obesity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So started \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/letteroncorpulen00bant\">William Banting\u003c/a>‘s “Letter on Corpulence,” likely the first diet book ever published. Banting, an overweight undertaker, published the book in 1864 to espouse his success after replacing an excessive intake of bread, sugar and potatoes with mostly meat, fish and vegetables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, fad diets have appeared in many forms. To what length will people go to achieve their desired figure? As a professor of nutrition and eating behaviors, my sense is the history of dieting shows vanity outweighs common sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Liquid-based diets\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Let’s jump back to 1028, the year \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-william-the-conqueror\">William the Conqueror\u003c/a> was born. Healthy most of his life, he became so overweight in later years that he went on a liquid diet consisting of almost nothing but alcohol. He lost enough weight to resume riding his cherished horse, but a riding accident soon led to his untimely death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We do know of one case in which consuming more alcohol than food allegedly led to longevity. In 1558, Italian nobleman \u003ca href=\"http://hipporeads.com/the_immortality_diet_how_diet_and_age_intersect/\">Luigi Cornaro\u003c/a> restricted himself daily to 12 ounces of food and 14 ounces of wine. Rumor has it he lived to a ripe 102 years of age, earning his approach the nickname The Immortality Diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another alcohol-focused plan, \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/2004/04/21/cz_af_0421feat.html\">The Drinking Man’s Diet\u003c/a>, was introduced in the 1960s. This included so-called “manly” foods like steak and fish, along with as much alcohol as desired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poet \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16351761\">Lord Byron\u003c/a> credited his thin, pale look to vinegar and water. This practice reemerged in the 1950s as the popular \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,811634,00.html?iid=chix-sphere\">Apple Cider Vinegar Diet\u003c/a>, which instructs people to drink a mixture of equal parts honey and vinegar. The latest version, although not scientifically supported, claims that three teaspoons of apple cider vinegar before each meal will curb cravings and cut fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cleanses\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“Cleaner” liquid diets, cleanses and detoxes are designed to supposedly rid the body of toxins, despite our natural ability to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"align-left \">\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 237px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/184781/original/file-20170905-32174-1pn0llp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=237&fit=clip\" alt=\"\" width=\"237\" height=\"252\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1950 ad for ‘vitamin candy.’ nesster/flickr, CC BY\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1941, alternative health enthusiast Stanley Burroughs created the Master Cleanse, or \u003ca href=\"http://themastercleanse.com/master-cleanse/lemonade-diet/\">Lemonade Diet\u003c/a>, to eliminate cravings for junk food, alcohol, tobacco and drugs. All you had to do was consume a mixture of lemon or lime juice, maple syrup, water and cayenne pepper six times a day for at least 10 days. Beyoncé \u003ca href=\"http://www.oprah.com/oprahshow/The-Stars-of-Dreamgirls/6\">made this popular again\u003c/a> in 2006, saying she lost 20 pounds in two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.doctoroz.com/article/dr-ozs-5-day-summer-cleanse\">TV physician Dr. Oz\u003c/a> and others have since promoted their own versions, varying in length and foods allowed. Most include a daily laxative and copious amounts of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/861235/prolinn_diet/\">Last Chance Diet\u003c/a>, published in 1976, consisted of drinking a very low-calorie liquid a few times per day. The main ingredient was a blend of predigested animal byproducts – think hide, horns and tendons. This “meat smoothie” was taken off the market after several followers died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, the Green Juice plan became popular. Many were captivated by the promise of a deep cleanse or quick weight loss, while others saw it as an easy way to consume more fruits and vegetables. One of the original recipes called for apples, celery, cucumber, kale, lemon and ginger.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Celebrity diets\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.faena.com/aleph/articles/andy-warhols-foolproof-new-york-diet/\">Andy Warhol\u003c/a> had a different approach to maintaining his physique. He reportedly ordered foods he disliked when out at restaurants, asking for a to-go box upon leaving. He would then give this to a homeless person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleeping was another possibility. Elvis Presley was rumored to be an advocate of the Sleeping Beauty Diet. Its long pill-induced sleeping bouts were said to inhibit eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A more recent effort to mimic celebrities, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.diet.com/g/hollywood-diet\">Hollywood 48 Hour Miracle Diet\u003c/a> was joined by the Hollywood 24 Hour Miracle Diet, the Hollywood Daily Miracle Diet Drink Mix Meal Replacement and various dietary supplements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Get slim quick\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, overweight businessman Horace Fletcher slimmed down and made dieting a pop culture phenomenon with his \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9693596\">Chewing Diet\u003c/a>. He recommended chewing food until it became liquid to prevent overeating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another method rumored to be popular in the early 1900s was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/horrors/vanities/tapeworm.asp\">Tapeworm Diet\u003c/a>. Theoretically, one would swallow a tapeworm or tapeworm pills. The worm would then live in your stomach and consume some of your food. While vintage advertisements have been found, there is no evidence that tapeworms were actually sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"align-right zoomable\">\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 237px\">\u003ca href=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/184782/original/file-20170905-24230-1f5yzx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip\">\u003cimg src=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/184782/original/file-20170905-24230-1f5yzx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=237&fit=clip\" alt=\"\" width=\"237\" height=\"290\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tapeworm, anyone? fdaphotos/flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other diets have allured fans over the years with the promise of easy weight loss through a single miraculous food. There’s the Grapefruit Diet, which recommends half a grapefruit before every meal; The Peanut Butter Diet and the Ice Cream Diet, both promising as much of said food daily as desired; and the Shangri-La Diet in 2006, which claimed you could beat hunger by drinking olive oil about an hour before each meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One standout example was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.diet.com/g/cabbage-soup-diet\">Cabbage Soup Diet\u003c/a>, first popularized by celebrities in the 1950s. This diet involved consuming nothing but soup for seven days. The original recipe called for cabbage, vegetables, water and dry onion soup mix, but other renditions added ingredients like fruit, skim milk and beef. It became trendy again every ten years or so, with the internet making it easier to share.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Alternative ideas\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some diets and their supporting theories went beyond food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1727, writer Thomas Short observed that overweight people lived near swamps. His \u003ca href=\"http://www.active.com/nutrition/articles/11-weirdest-diets-in-history\">Avoiding Swamps Diet\u003c/a> thus recommended moving away from swamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of moving away from swamps, \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/breatharians/\">Breatharianism\u003c/a> recommends not eating. Followers in a 2017 interview claimed food and water are unnecessary, saying they subsist on spirituality and sunlight alone. The prolonged fasting would eventually lead to starvation, but devotees have been spotted eating and drinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more dangerous \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Health/dangerous-diet-trend-cotton-ball-diet/story?id=20942888\">Cotton Ball Diet\u003c/a> surfaced in 2013. Dieters reported consuming up to five cotton balls at a time, saying they felt full and lost weight. With its unfortunate side effect of intestinal obstruction, this diet faded away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all unusual ideas are bad. The Seven Day Color Diet, published in 2003, suggested eating foods of only one color each day. For example, red day would include tomatoes, apples and cranberries. This actually emphasizes healthful foods to include, rather than crazy concoctions or restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While intriguing, fad diets are usually short-term quick fixes. They may produce initial rapid weight loss, but this is more likely due to their lower calorie intake than the follower’s usual diet, and often consists of \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2385\">water loss\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, we should remember that there’s no simple secret to losing weight. Achieving sustained weight loss and maintenance requires reducing your calorie intake and increasing your activity levels – with or without grapefruit and cabbage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/melissa-wdowik-399206\">Melissa Wdowik\u003c/a>, Assistant Professor of Food Science and Human Nutrition, \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/colorado-state-university-1267\">Colorado State University\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/the-long-strange-history-of-dieting-fads-82294\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For centuries, people have been trying to lose weight in all sorts of ways – including drinking vinegar, avoiding swamps and stocking up on grapefruit.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1511915896,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1166},"headData":{"title":"The Long, Strange History of Dieting Fads | KQED","description":"For centuries, people have been trying to lose weight in all sorts of ways – including drinking vinegar, avoiding swamps and stocking up on grapefruit.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Long, Strange History of Dieting Fads","datePublished":"2017-11-24T08:05:21.000Z","dateModified":"2017-11-29T00:38:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"437291 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=437291","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/11/24/the-long-strange-history-of-dieting-fads/","disqusTitle":"The Long, Strange History of Dieting Fads","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/melissa-wdowik-399206\">Melissa Wdowik\u003c/a>, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/colorado-state-university-1267\">Colorado State University\u003c/a>\u003c/em>","path":"/futureofyou/437291/the-long-strange-history-of-dieting-fads","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>“Of all the parasites that affect humanity I do not know of, nor can I imagine, any more distressing than that of Obesity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So started \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/letteroncorpulen00bant\">William Banting\u003c/a>‘s “Letter on Corpulence,” likely the first diet book ever published. Banting, an overweight undertaker, published the book in 1864 to espouse his success after replacing an excessive intake of bread, sugar and potatoes with mostly meat, fish and vegetables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, fad diets have appeared in many forms. To what length will people go to achieve their desired figure? As a professor of nutrition and eating behaviors, my sense is the history of dieting shows vanity outweighs common sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Liquid-based diets\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Let’s jump back to 1028, the year \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-william-the-conqueror\">William the Conqueror\u003c/a> was born. Healthy most of his life, he became so overweight in later years that he went on a liquid diet consisting of almost nothing but alcohol. He lost enough weight to resume riding his cherished horse, but a riding accident soon led to his untimely death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We do know of one case in which consuming more alcohol than food allegedly led to longevity. In 1558, Italian nobleman \u003ca href=\"http://hipporeads.com/the_immortality_diet_how_diet_and_age_intersect/\">Luigi Cornaro\u003c/a> restricted himself daily to 12 ounces of food and 14 ounces of wine. Rumor has it he lived to a ripe 102 years of age, earning his approach the nickname The Immortality Diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another alcohol-focused plan, \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/2004/04/21/cz_af_0421feat.html\">The Drinking Man’s Diet\u003c/a>, was introduced in the 1960s. This included so-called “manly” foods like steak and fish, along with as much alcohol as desired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poet \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16351761\">Lord Byron\u003c/a> credited his thin, pale look to vinegar and water. This practice reemerged in the 1950s as the popular \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,811634,00.html?iid=chix-sphere\">Apple Cider Vinegar Diet\u003c/a>, which instructs people to drink a mixture of equal parts honey and vinegar. The latest version, although not scientifically supported, claims that three teaspoons of apple cider vinegar before each meal will curb cravings and cut fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cleanses\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“Cleaner” liquid diets, cleanses and detoxes are designed to supposedly rid the body of toxins, despite our natural ability to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"align-left \">\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 237px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/184781/original/file-20170905-32174-1pn0llp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=237&fit=clip\" alt=\"\" width=\"237\" height=\"252\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1950 ad for ‘vitamin candy.’ nesster/flickr, CC BY\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1941, alternative health enthusiast Stanley Burroughs created the Master Cleanse, or \u003ca href=\"http://themastercleanse.com/master-cleanse/lemonade-diet/\">Lemonade Diet\u003c/a>, to eliminate cravings for junk food, alcohol, tobacco and drugs. All you had to do was consume a mixture of lemon or lime juice, maple syrup, water and cayenne pepper six times a day for at least 10 days. Beyoncé \u003ca href=\"http://www.oprah.com/oprahshow/The-Stars-of-Dreamgirls/6\">made this popular again\u003c/a> in 2006, saying she lost 20 pounds in two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.doctoroz.com/article/dr-ozs-5-day-summer-cleanse\">TV physician Dr. Oz\u003c/a> and others have since promoted their own versions, varying in length and foods allowed. Most include a daily laxative and copious amounts of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/861235/prolinn_diet/\">Last Chance Diet\u003c/a>, published in 1976, consisted of drinking a very low-calorie liquid a few times per day. The main ingredient was a blend of predigested animal byproducts – think hide, horns and tendons. This “meat smoothie” was taken off the market after several followers died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, the Green Juice plan became popular. Many were captivated by the promise of a deep cleanse or quick weight loss, while others saw it as an easy way to consume more fruits and vegetables. One of the original recipes called for apples, celery, cucumber, kale, lemon and ginger.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Celebrity diets\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.faena.com/aleph/articles/andy-warhols-foolproof-new-york-diet/\">Andy Warhol\u003c/a> had a different approach to maintaining his physique. He reportedly ordered foods he disliked when out at restaurants, asking for a to-go box upon leaving. He would then give this to a homeless person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleeping was another possibility. Elvis Presley was rumored to be an advocate of the Sleeping Beauty Diet. Its long pill-induced sleeping bouts were said to inhibit eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A more recent effort to mimic celebrities, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.diet.com/g/hollywood-diet\">Hollywood 48 Hour Miracle Diet\u003c/a> was joined by the Hollywood 24 Hour Miracle Diet, the Hollywood Daily Miracle Diet Drink Mix Meal Replacement and various dietary supplements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Get slim quick\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, overweight businessman Horace Fletcher slimmed down and made dieting a pop culture phenomenon with his \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9693596\">Chewing Diet\u003c/a>. He recommended chewing food until it became liquid to prevent overeating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another method rumored to be popular in the early 1900s was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/horrors/vanities/tapeworm.asp\">Tapeworm Diet\u003c/a>. Theoretically, one would swallow a tapeworm or tapeworm pills. The worm would then live in your stomach and consume some of your food. While vintage advertisements have been found, there is no evidence that tapeworms were actually sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"align-right zoomable\">\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 237px\">\u003ca href=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/184782/original/file-20170905-24230-1f5yzx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip\">\u003cimg src=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/184782/original/file-20170905-24230-1f5yzx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=237&fit=clip\" alt=\"\" width=\"237\" height=\"290\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tapeworm, anyone? fdaphotos/flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other diets have allured fans over the years with the promise of easy weight loss through a single miraculous food. There’s the Grapefruit Diet, which recommends half a grapefruit before every meal; The Peanut Butter Diet and the Ice Cream Diet, both promising as much of said food daily as desired; and the Shangri-La Diet in 2006, which claimed you could beat hunger by drinking olive oil about an hour before each meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One standout example was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.diet.com/g/cabbage-soup-diet\">Cabbage Soup Diet\u003c/a>, first popularized by celebrities in the 1950s. This diet involved consuming nothing but soup for seven days. The original recipe called for cabbage, vegetables, water and dry onion soup mix, but other renditions added ingredients like fruit, skim milk and beef. It became trendy again every ten years or so, with the internet making it easier to share.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Alternative ideas\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some diets and their supporting theories went beyond food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1727, writer Thomas Short observed that overweight people lived near swamps. His \u003ca href=\"http://www.active.com/nutrition/articles/11-weirdest-diets-in-history\">Avoiding Swamps Diet\u003c/a> thus recommended moving away from swamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of moving away from swamps, \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/breatharians/\">Breatharianism\u003c/a> recommends not eating. Followers in a 2017 interview claimed food and water are unnecessary, saying they subsist on spirituality and sunlight alone. The prolonged fasting would eventually lead to starvation, but devotees have been spotted eating and drinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more dangerous \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Health/dangerous-diet-trend-cotton-ball-diet/story?id=20942888\">Cotton Ball Diet\u003c/a> surfaced in 2013. Dieters reported consuming up to five cotton balls at a time, saying they felt full and lost weight. With its unfortunate side effect of intestinal obstruction, this diet faded away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all unusual ideas are bad. The Seven Day Color Diet, published in 2003, suggested eating foods of only one color each day. For example, red day would include tomatoes, apples and cranberries. This actually emphasizes healthful foods to include, rather than crazy concoctions or restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While intriguing, fad diets are usually short-term quick fixes. They may produce initial rapid weight loss, but this is more likely due to their lower calorie intake than the follower’s usual diet, and often consists of \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2385\">water loss\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, we should remember that there’s no simple secret to losing weight. Achieving sustained weight loss and maintenance requires reducing your calorie intake and increasing your activity levels – with or without grapefruit and cabbage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/melissa-wdowik-399206\">Melissa Wdowik\u003c/a>, Assistant Professor of Food Science and Human Nutrition, \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/colorado-state-university-1267\">Colorado State University\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/the-long-strange-history-of-dieting-fads-82294\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/437291/the-long-strange-history-of-dieting-fads","authors":["byline_futureofyou_437291"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062"],"tags":["futureofyou_597","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_426","futureofyou_562"],"featImg":"futureofyou_437292","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_384108":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_384108","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"384108","score":null,"sort":[1494005426000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"to-treat-kids-adhd-some-parents-drop-medication-in-favor-of-diet","title":"Dropping Medication in Favor of Diet to Treat Kids' ADHD","publishDate":1494005426,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Dr. Rebecca Carey admits to being a little embarrassed about what her son, Mark, eats every day. Hamburger patties for breakfast, or bacon. A pack of raisins and a cookie for lunch; a turkey and cheese sandwich “if I’m lucky,” says Carey, but it usually comes back home. His favorite dinner is fish cakes and pasta, but all vegetables remain firmly untouched.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I just felt in my heart of hearts there had to be a better way.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s the kind of diet — low in fruits and vegetables, high in carbs — that a doctor like herself might caution against. But it’s also low in milk, sugar, and artificial food additives — all things Carey believes worsen 10-year-old Mark’s attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, symptoms. Twice a day, in the morning at their home in Newburgh, Ind., and from the school nurse at lunch, he takes a vitamin and mineral supplement, which helps make up for the lack of veggies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been six months on this diet, which Carey researched herself and tested out on Mark, and in that time he has transitioned off his ADHD medication. It wasn’t all smooth sailing; there were fights in the candy section of the grocery store, and Carey struggled to find quick, high-protein breakfasts. “But honestly, I would never go back,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey is not the only one who’s trying this approach. Medication and therapy remain the most effective treatments for ADHD. But driven by concerns about the short- and long-term side effects of psychiatric medications on children, some parents are looking for ways to keep their kids on lower doses of the drugs, or to quit the drugs entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But addressing ADHD symptoms by changing diet can be a minefield. For one thing, while some diet interventions have scientific evidence to back them up, others don’t — and even the ones that do only seem effective for a subset of kids. Diet tweaks are oftentimes pretty harmless to try, but not universally so. And most pediatricians aren’t nearly as familiar with these approaches as they are with conventional medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So amid a lot of confusing and contradictory information on the internet, and a big nutrition knowledge gap in the medical system, parents at their wits’ end are mapping out their own treatment plans through trial and error over the dinner table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medication and Side Effects\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of 2011, the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show, at least 6.4 million children in the US had been diagnosed with ADHD. Only about 6 percent are taking medication for the condition. The vast majority, then, are doing something else — perhaps counseling, or other forms of treatment, or nothing at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One analysis found omega-3 supplements seemed to help with ADHD symptoms.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The most common types of drug used for ADHD are methylphenidate and amphetamine, both stimulants that work on the central nervous system, sold under brand names Ritalin and Adderall. These drugs are considered the most effective ADHD treatment. Less is known, however, about the drugs’ long-term effects. Common side effects include loss of appetite, trouble sleeping, and anxiousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those side effects became a problem for Mark soon after he was first diagnosed with ADHD in kindergarten. At home, he’d always been a sensitive, irritable child, but in the classroom he started having “freakouts,” said Carey: throwing things, hiding under his desk, biting other students. Carey’s pediatrician put Mark through a behavioral test, found he measured high on the ADHD spectrum, and prescribed him behavioral therapy and Concerta, another common brand of methylphenidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey was uncomfortable with the medication from the beginning. It became a constant fight to get Mark to eat; he shedded weight, and couldn’t fall asleep at night. Carey had a “gnawing feeling” that he’d have to always be on the drug. And it wasn’t helping his symptoms — instead, he seemed to be getting worse. After a year, his psychiatrist thought he was showing signs of bipolar disorder, and prescribed medication for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt in my heart of hearts there had to be a better way,” said Carey. As a physician specializing in gastrointestinal disease, Carey had seen diet do tremendous things for her own patients. Mark’s diagnoses got her thinking about nutrition’s role in the brain, and she started to chart her own course of research and experimentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weighing Pros and Cons\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dietary interventions tend to be relatively low-risk — but the evidence base for most of them, in terms of improving ADHD symptoms, is still small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to balance those factors against one another, a group of specialists in child and adolescent psychiatry at Ohio State University in 2011 devised what they call the SECS vs. RUDE test. Looking at the scientific literature surrounding 15 different dietary or nutritional interventions, they asked: Are they Safe, Easy, Cheap, and Sensible; or Risky, Unrealistic, Difficult, and Expensive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SECS doesn’t need as much evidence for someone to try it on an individual basis,” said Dr. L. Eugene Arnold, a physician at Ohio State’s medical center who specializes in childhood ADHD and autism and who coauthored the 2011 study. “You want more evidence before you invest a lot of money or undertake something risky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaying “standard treatment” — medication and behavioral therapy — in favor of alternative approaches can be risky if it means symptoms go untreated, wrote Arnold and coauthors in their review. If a treatment doesn’t work, there is also the loss of family resources, including time and money, to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the things their analysis found that fall under the SECS category are fatty acid supplements, specifically omega-3 supplements, which seem to improve ADHD symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold and coauthors looked at five randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials (the gold standard of clinical research) that tested combinations of fatty acids on ADHD symptoms, in both children and adults. Four had a statistically significant positive effect on symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omega-3 fatty acids, said Arnold, show “small but significant benefits,” and as long as these supplements are low in mercury, it makes sense to try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other interventions, however — like homeopathic and herbal treatments — were both uncertain and potentially risky, the analysis found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A supplement with less evidence, but which still passes the SECS test, is the one that Mark Carey takes. Called EMPowerplus, the supplement contains 36 different vitamins and minerals, and is marketed to help with psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder, ADHD, and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only one of the studies done on the pill was placebo-controlled and double-blinded. It showed a reduction in ADHD symptoms in adults. More research is needed on EMPowerplus and similar broad-spectrum micronutrient supplements before conclusions about their effectiveness can be made, Arnold said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eliminating Additives, Foods\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More difficult interventions tend to be the ones that eliminate whole classes of foods. Elimination diets involve taking foods out of the diet — one of the first iterations of which, for hyperactivity, was the Feingold Diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developed back in the 1970s, the Feingold Diet focused on the link between artificial colors and flavorings and ADHD. Research since then has supported a link. A \u003ca href=\"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.443.1875&rep=rep1&type=pdf\">2004 meta-analysis\u003c/a> of only the gold standard of studies — double-blind and placebo controlled — concluded that artificial food colorings increase hyperactivity in kids with ADHD. And another 2004 \u003ca href=\"http://adc.bmj.com/content/89/6/506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> found that kids even without a hyperactive disorder experience behavioral effects of colorings. Preschoolers given a drink with artificial coloring were rated as more hyperactive by their parents than those given a naturally colored placebo. (The study was blinded, so parents didn’t know which their kids received.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lidy Pelsser, a researcher at the Netherlands ADHD research center, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)62227-1/abstract\">led a trial\u003c/a> in 2009 in which 100 families of children with ADHD were recruited to take part in a five-week “few-foods” experiment. Half were instructed to keep their kids on a healthy diet, and half were instructed to give their children only “turkey, rice, some vegetables, and water — and that’s it,” said Pelsser. Of the 41 families who completed the few-foods diet, 32 responded positively, with 60 to 70 percent improvements on ADHD tests compared to when they’d started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelsser described this approach not as a cure, but as a “diagnostic tool” that is going to have different results depending on the child. If there’s no improvement in behavior after five weeks, “the child is allowed to eat everything again and medication would be appropriate,” she said. If the child improves significantly, then the parents can start adding foods back in slowly and one at a time to figure out which may be triggers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She warned that this approach is “aggravating.” It is low-risk, but also difficult for families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it works, it seems to work really well, said Pelsser, and families are increasingly willing to try. “What I see is more awareness in parents that they do not want to give their medication and they are desperately looking for other ways to help their child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4322780/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2014 review\u003c/a> estimated that a strict elimination diet may have a 10 to 30 percent chance of showing symptom improvements for ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold also pointed out that these approaches don’t have to replace medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that behavioral treatments tend to enhance the effects of medication, so that the patient can respond to a lower dose,” said Arnold. “There’s no reason to believe that wouldn’t work the same way with diet and nutrition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Parents Helping Parents\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although diet is widely promoted by doctors as an important lifestyle factor in managing ADHD, along with exercise, routine, and good sleep habits, the acceptance of diet and nutrition as an effective primary treatment is still very “grassroots” within the medical community, according to Dr. Anna Esparham, a Kansas-based pediatrician and member of the American Academy of Pediatrics’s integrative health unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey recalls a feeling of isolation. “I was so despondent about where Mark was and despondent about the treatment options for him that I felt like I couldn’t be the only one,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in September 2016, she started a support group for other parents like her who felt like they were struggling outside the mainstream. The first meetings were held at her church — “I didn’t want it affiliated with anything, I just wanted to start it in the local community,” she said — but after six months the group had grown large enough and was taking up enough of Carey’s time that she needed help. She brought it to the medical director at St. Mary’s hospital, in Evansville, Ind., where Carey works, and now the hospital hosts the group, which draws about 30 people to its meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each week a different speaker comes to talk about topics that the parents indicated they were interested in in a poll at the beginning — things like vision therapy, curbing screen time, and a behavioral therapy called the “nurtured heart” approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey acknowledges that these things “might not be mainstream or have lots of randomized control trials behind them,” but she figured parents — including herself — deserved to have a place could openly discuss alternatives to the status quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, someday, that place could also be the doctor’s office. Esparham thinks a big part of the reason parents and providers don’t discuss diet interventions for ADHD is a general ignorance of nutrition in the medical field. “A lot of doctors do not know how to give nutritional advice because they didn’t get in school, in residency, in training,” said Esparham.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelsser, the Dutch researcher, thinks it might take more than just education — it might take a perspective shift as well. “In the Netherlands as well as the United States there is a lot of skepticism about the effect of food on ADHD, despite the research,” she said. “I think it’s difficult to accept that things could be different from what we have been thinking all the time. It takes courage to say, well, after all, we may be wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/05/02/diet-nutrition-adhd/\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Medication and therapy remain the most effective treatments for ADHD. But concerns about side effects have prompted some parents to quit the drugs in favor of trial-and-error diets. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1494012345,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":44,"wordCount":2159},"headData":{"title":"Dropping Medication in Favor of Diet to Treat Kids' ADHD | KQED","description":"Medication and therapy remain the most effective treatments for ADHD. But concerns about side effects have prompted some parents to quit the drugs in favor of trial-and-error diets. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Dropping Medication in Favor of Diet to Treat Kids' ADHD","datePublished":"2017-05-05T17:30:26.000Z","dateModified":"2017-05-05T19:25:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"384108 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=384108","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/05/to-treat-kids-adhd-some-parents-drop-medication-in-favor-of-diet/","disqusTitle":"Dropping Medication in Favor of Diet to Treat Kids' ADHD","nprByline":"Colleen Kimmett\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>","path":"/futureofyou/384108/to-treat-kids-adhd-some-parents-drop-medication-in-favor-of-diet","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dr. Rebecca Carey admits to being a little embarrassed about what her son, Mark, eats every day. Hamburger patties for breakfast, or bacon. A pack of raisins and a cookie for lunch; a turkey and cheese sandwich “if I’m lucky,” says Carey, but it usually comes back home. His favorite dinner is fish cakes and pasta, but all vegetables remain firmly untouched.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I just felt in my heart of hearts there had to be a better way.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s the kind of diet — low in fruits and vegetables, high in carbs — that a doctor like herself might caution against. But it’s also low in milk, sugar, and artificial food additives — all things Carey believes worsen 10-year-old Mark’s attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, symptoms. Twice a day, in the morning at their home in Newburgh, Ind., and from the school nurse at lunch, he takes a vitamin and mineral supplement, which helps make up for the lack of veggies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been six months on this diet, which Carey researched herself and tested out on Mark, and in that time he has transitioned off his ADHD medication. It wasn’t all smooth sailing; there were fights in the candy section of the grocery store, and Carey struggled to find quick, high-protein breakfasts. “But honestly, I would never go back,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey is not the only one who’s trying this approach. Medication and therapy remain the most effective treatments for ADHD. But driven by concerns about the short- and long-term side effects of psychiatric medications on children, some parents are looking for ways to keep their kids on lower doses of the drugs, or to quit the drugs entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But addressing ADHD symptoms by changing diet can be a minefield. For one thing, while some diet interventions have scientific evidence to back them up, others don’t — and even the ones that do only seem effective for a subset of kids. Diet tweaks are oftentimes pretty harmless to try, but not universally so. And most pediatricians aren’t nearly as familiar with these approaches as they are with conventional medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So amid a lot of confusing and contradictory information on the internet, and a big nutrition knowledge gap in the medical system, parents at their wits’ end are mapping out their own treatment plans through trial and error over the dinner table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medication and Side Effects\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of 2011, the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show, at least 6.4 million children in the US had been diagnosed with ADHD. Only about 6 percent are taking medication for the condition. The vast majority, then, are doing something else — perhaps counseling, or other forms of treatment, or nothing at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One analysis found omega-3 supplements seemed to help with ADHD symptoms.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The most common types of drug used for ADHD are methylphenidate and amphetamine, both stimulants that work on the central nervous system, sold under brand names Ritalin and Adderall. These drugs are considered the most effective ADHD treatment. Less is known, however, about the drugs’ long-term effects. Common side effects include loss of appetite, trouble sleeping, and anxiousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those side effects became a problem for Mark soon after he was first diagnosed with ADHD in kindergarten. At home, he’d always been a sensitive, irritable child, but in the classroom he started having “freakouts,” said Carey: throwing things, hiding under his desk, biting other students. Carey’s pediatrician put Mark through a behavioral test, found he measured high on the ADHD spectrum, and prescribed him behavioral therapy and Concerta, another common brand of methylphenidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey was uncomfortable with the medication from the beginning. It became a constant fight to get Mark to eat; he shedded weight, and couldn’t fall asleep at night. Carey had a “gnawing feeling” that he’d have to always be on the drug. And it wasn’t helping his symptoms — instead, he seemed to be getting worse. After a year, his psychiatrist thought he was showing signs of bipolar disorder, and prescribed medication for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt in my heart of hearts there had to be a better way,” said Carey. As a physician specializing in gastrointestinal disease, Carey had seen diet do tremendous things for her own patients. Mark’s diagnoses got her thinking about nutrition’s role in the brain, and she started to chart her own course of research and experimentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weighing Pros and Cons\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dietary interventions tend to be relatively low-risk — but the evidence base for most of them, in terms of improving ADHD symptoms, is still small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to balance those factors against one another, a group of specialists in child and adolescent psychiatry at Ohio State University in 2011 devised what they call the SECS vs. RUDE test. Looking at the scientific literature surrounding 15 different dietary or nutritional interventions, they asked: Are they Safe, Easy, Cheap, and Sensible; or Risky, Unrealistic, Difficult, and Expensive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SECS doesn’t need as much evidence for someone to try it on an individual basis,” said Dr. L. Eugene Arnold, a physician at Ohio State’s medical center who specializes in childhood ADHD and autism and who coauthored the 2011 study. “You want more evidence before you invest a lot of money or undertake something risky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaying “standard treatment” — medication and behavioral therapy — in favor of alternative approaches can be risky if it means symptoms go untreated, wrote Arnold and coauthors in their review. If a treatment doesn’t work, there is also the loss of family resources, including time and money, to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the things their analysis found that fall under the SECS category are fatty acid supplements, specifically omega-3 supplements, which seem to improve ADHD symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold and coauthors looked at five randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials (the gold standard of clinical research) that tested combinations of fatty acids on ADHD symptoms, in both children and adults. Four had a statistically significant positive effect on symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omega-3 fatty acids, said Arnold, show “small but significant benefits,” and as long as these supplements are low in mercury, it makes sense to try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other interventions, however — like homeopathic and herbal treatments — were both uncertain and potentially risky, the analysis found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A supplement with less evidence, but which still passes the SECS test, is the one that Mark Carey takes. Called EMPowerplus, the supplement contains 36 different vitamins and minerals, and is marketed to help with psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder, ADHD, and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only one of the studies done on the pill was placebo-controlled and double-blinded. It showed a reduction in ADHD symptoms in adults. More research is needed on EMPowerplus and similar broad-spectrum micronutrient supplements before conclusions about their effectiveness can be made, Arnold said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eliminating Additives, Foods\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More difficult interventions tend to be the ones that eliminate whole classes of foods. Elimination diets involve taking foods out of the diet — one of the first iterations of which, for hyperactivity, was the Feingold Diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developed back in the 1970s, the Feingold Diet focused on the link between artificial colors and flavorings and ADHD. Research since then has supported a link. A \u003ca href=\"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.443.1875&rep=rep1&type=pdf\">2004 meta-analysis\u003c/a> of only the gold standard of studies — double-blind and placebo controlled — concluded that artificial food colorings increase hyperactivity in kids with ADHD. And another 2004 \u003ca href=\"http://adc.bmj.com/content/89/6/506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> found that kids even without a hyperactive disorder experience behavioral effects of colorings. Preschoolers given a drink with artificial coloring were rated as more hyperactive by their parents than those given a naturally colored placebo. (The study was blinded, so parents didn’t know which their kids received.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lidy Pelsser, a researcher at the Netherlands ADHD research center, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)62227-1/abstract\">led a trial\u003c/a> in 2009 in which 100 families of children with ADHD were recruited to take part in a five-week “few-foods” experiment. Half were instructed to keep their kids on a healthy diet, and half were instructed to give their children only “turkey, rice, some vegetables, and water — and that’s it,” said Pelsser. Of the 41 families who completed the few-foods diet, 32 responded positively, with 60 to 70 percent improvements on ADHD tests compared to when they’d started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelsser described this approach not as a cure, but as a “diagnostic tool” that is going to have different results depending on the child. If there’s no improvement in behavior after five weeks, “the child is allowed to eat everything again and medication would be appropriate,” she said. If the child improves significantly, then the parents can start adding foods back in slowly and one at a time to figure out which may be triggers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She warned that this approach is “aggravating.” It is low-risk, but also difficult for families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it works, it seems to work really well, said Pelsser, and families are increasingly willing to try. “What I see is more awareness in parents that they do not want to give their medication and they are desperately looking for other ways to help their child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4322780/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2014 review\u003c/a> estimated that a strict elimination diet may have a 10 to 30 percent chance of showing symptom improvements for ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold also pointed out that these approaches don’t have to replace medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that behavioral treatments tend to enhance the effects of medication, so that the patient can respond to a lower dose,” said Arnold. “There’s no reason to believe that wouldn’t work the same way with diet and nutrition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Parents Helping Parents\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although diet is widely promoted by doctors as an important lifestyle factor in managing ADHD, along with exercise, routine, and good sleep habits, the acceptance of diet and nutrition as an effective primary treatment is still very “grassroots” within the medical community, according to Dr. Anna Esparham, a Kansas-based pediatrician and member of the American Academy of Pediatrics’s integrative health unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey recalls a feeling of isolation. “I was so despondent about where Mark was and despondent about the treatment options for him that I felt like I couldn’t be the only one,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in September 2016, she started a support group for other parents like her who felt like they were struggling outside the mainstream. The first meetings were held at her church — “I didn’t want it affiliated with anything, I just wanted to start it in the local community,” she said — but after six months the group had grown large enough and was taking up enough of Carey’s time that she needed help. She brought it to the medical director at St. Mary’s hospital, in Evansville, Ind., where Carey works, and now the hospital hosts the group, which draws about 30 people to its meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each week a different speaker comes to talk about topics that the parents indicated they were interested in in a poll at the beginning — things like vision therapy, curbing screen time, and a behavioral therapy called the “nurtured heart” approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey acknowledges that these things “might not be mainstream or have lots of randomized control trials behind them,” but she figured parents — including herself — deserved to have a place could openly discuss alternatives to the status quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, someday, that place could also be the doctor’s office. Esparham thinks a big part of the reason parents and providers don’t discuss diet interventions for ADHD is a general ignorance of nutrition in the medical field. “A lot of doctors do not know how to give nutritional advice because they didn’t get in school, in residency, in training,” said Esparham.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelsser, the Dutch researcher, thinks it might take more than just education — it might take a perspective shift as well. “In the Netherlands as well as the United States there is a lot of skepticism about the effect of food on ADHD, despite the research,” she said. “I think it’s difficult to accept that things could be different from what we have been thinking all the time. It takes courage to say, well, after all, we may be wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/05/02/diet-nutrition-adhd/\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/384108/to-treat-kids-adhd-some-parents-drop-medication-in-favor-of-diet","authors":["byline_futureofyou_384108"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_161","futureofyou_597"],"featImg":"futureofyou_385356","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_43784":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_43784","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"43784","score":null,"sort":[1443388802000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mindful-bear-aims-to-teach-kids-about-healthy-eating","title":"‘Mindful’ Bear Aims to Teach Kids About Healthy Eating","publishDate":1443388802,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>For Caylin Proffitt, who was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at the age of five, healthy food choices aren't really -- well -- a matter of choice. But it's not just children with diabetes who should avoid too many sugary treats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years ago, Caylin's mother Kristina learned about an interactive \u003ca href=\"http://www.jerrythebear.com/\">toy bear called \"Jerry.\"\u003c/a> Children can keep Jerry in \"optimal health\" by tracking his pretend blood sugar levels and feeding him healthy food cards, which can be swiped across the bear's mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43810\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-43810\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin-376x600.jpg\" alt=\"Caylin Proffitt with Jerry, her 'smart' bear and dietary consultant.\" width=\"329\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin-376x600.jpg 376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin-400x639.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin.jpg 593w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caylin Proffitt with Jerry, her 'smart' bear and dietary consultant. \u003ccite>(Kristina Proffitt )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week, Sproutel, the company behind Jerry the Bear, released a version of the toy targeted to all children ages five to nine. While the original bear aimed to help kids with diabetes, the new bear is focused on general wellness, nutrition and \"mindful\" eating. It's also more mindful of family budgets, priced at $99, down from the original $300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents of children with diabetes or food allergies can buy a special version for for $149, and access additional props, like an insulin pen or epinephrine pen. The new bear comes with \u003ca href=\"https://sproutel.wistia.com/medias/sl1d6sw0qr\">animated story books\u003c/a>, which provide further education to kids about nutrition and general health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Carb counting and being mindful about their eating is difficult for kids,\" said Kristina Proffitt, who lives near Nashville, Tenn. \"But I remember my daughter giving Jerry a healthy lunch, and then deciding she would have something similar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains to be seen whether the bear will appeal to children who have not been diagnosed with diabetes. Sproutel's founder and CEO Aaron Horowitz says the company uses research from the fields of gaming and behavioral science to change children's behavior in a fun and engaging way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, studies have shown that teddy bears can relieve anxiety for children, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18847160\">particularly those who are chronically sick and hospitalized\u003c/a>. Sproutel's team plans to build on this research with a \u003ca href=\"http://pbn.com/Sproutel-to-receive-150K-in-federal-SBIR-funding,106341?utm_source=PBN+Master+List+-+All+Subscribers&utm_campaign=75512105cd-2015_0605_daily6_5_2015&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_0e86591c9b-75512105cd-29912049\">$150,000 grant \u003c/a>from the National Institutes of Health. The team will use the money to conduct a small pilot study to determine whether\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> Jerry the Bear can reduce stress in the home.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've seen all kinds of studies where kids with diabetes can better manage their own disease by taking care of pets or toys,\" said Michael Chae, executive director of the Bay Area branch of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.diabetes.org/\">American Diabetes Association\u003c/a>. \"Really, we see benefits in any new, digital methods that can make it less onerous for children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far Jerry has found a home with about 500 families. That's about four percent of children who were diagnosed with diabetes last year. Horowitz says early data shows that kids are using Jerry the Bear for an average of one hour per week, which he takes as an indication that they are engaging with the toy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43806\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43806\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jerry-the-bear-team-1.jpg\" alt=\"The Providence, RI-based team behind Jerry the Bear. \" width=\"480\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jerry-the-bear-team-1.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jerry-the-bear-team-1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Providence, RI-based team behind Jerry the Bear. \u003ccite>(Sproutel )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Horowitz came up with the idea for Jerry the Bear with his friend and co-founder, Hannah Chung, when he was an undergraduate at Northwestern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a child, Horowitz suffered from a medical condition called Growth Hormone Deficiency, which required regular injections. He saw a need for \"smart\" toys that could help future generations of children manage chronic illnesses, including diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We noticed in our early research with children with diabetes that they treated their teddy bears as if they had the disease,\" he said. \"They were role-playing everything they couldn't quite bear to do with their own bodies. That was what kicked us off.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Jerry the Bear, a 'smart' toy initially targeted to kids with diabetes, is looking to expand his territory. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477274014,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":627},"headData":{"title":"‘Mindful’ Bear Aims to Teach Kids About Healthy Eating | KQED","description":"Jerry the Bear, a 'smart' toy initially targeted to kids with diabetes, is looking to expand his territory. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"‘Mindful’ Bear Aims to Teach Kids About Healthy Eating","datePublished":"2015-09-27T21:20:02.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T01:53:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"43784 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=43784","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/09/27/mindful-bear-aims-to-teach-kids-about-healthy-eating/","disqusTitle":"‘Mindful’ Bear Aims to Teach Kids About Healthy Eating","customPermalink":"2015/09/24/mindful-bear-aims-to-teach-kids-about-healthy-eating/","path":"/futureofyou/43784/mindful-bear-aims-to-teach-kids-about-healthy-eating","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For Caylin Proffitt, who was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at the age of five, healthy food choices aren't really -- well -- a matter of choice. But it's not just children with diabetes who should avoid too many sugary treats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years ago, Caylin's mother Kristina learned about an interactive \u003ca href=\"http://www.jerrythebear.com/\">toy bear called \"Jerry.\"\u003c/a> Children can keep Jerry in \"optimal health\" by tracking his pretend blood sugar levels and feeding him healthy food cards, which can be swiped across the bear's mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43810\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-43810\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin-376x600.jpg\" alt=\"Caylin Proffitt with Jerry, her 'smart' bear and dietary consultant.\" width=\"329\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin-376x600.jpg 376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin-400x639.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin.jpg 593w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caylin Proffitt with Jerry, her 'smart' bear and dietary consultant. \u003ccite>(Kristina Proffitt )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week, Sproutel, the company behind Jerry the Bear, released a version of the toy targeted to all children ages five to nine. While the original bear aimed to help kids with diabetes, the new bear is focused on general wellness, nutrition and \"mindful\" eating. It's also more mindful of family budgets, priced at $99, down from the original $300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents of children with diabetes or food allergies can buy a special version for for $149, and access additional props, like an insulin pen or epinephrine pen. The new bear comes with \u003ca href=\"https://sproutel.wistia.com/medias/sl1d6sw0qr\">animated story books\u003c/a>, which provide further education to kids about nutrition and general health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Carb counting and being mindful about their eating is difficult for kids,\" said Kristina Proffitt, who lives near Nashville, Tenn. \"But I remember my daughter giving Jerry a healthy lunch, and then deciding she would have something similar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains to be seen whether the bear will appeal to children who have not been diagnosed with diabetes. Sproutel's founder and CEO Aaron Horowitz says the company uses research from the fields of gaming and behavioral science to change children's behavior in a fun and engaging way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, studies have shown that teddy bears can relieve anxiety for children, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18847160\">particularly those who are chronically sick and hospitalized\u003c/a>. Sproutel's team plans to build on this research with a \u003ca href=\"http://pbn.com/Sproutel-to-receive-150K-in-federal-SBIR-funding,106341?utm_source=PBN+Master+List+-+All+Subscribers&utm_campaign=75512105cd-2015_0605_daily6_5_2015&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_0e86591c9b-75512105cd-29912049\">$150,000 grant \u003c/a>from the National Institutes of Health. The team will use the money to conduct a small pilot study to determine whether\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> Jerry the Bear can reduce stress in the home.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've seen all kinds of studies where kids with diabetes can better manage their own disease by taking care of pets or toys,\" said Michael Chae, executive director of the Bay Area branch of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.diabetes.org/\">American Diabetes Association\u003c/a>. \"Really, we see benefits in any new, digital methods that can make it less onerous for children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far Jerry has found a home with about 500 families. That's about four percent of children who were diagnosed with diabetes last year. Horowitz says early data shows that kids are using Jerry the Bear for an average of one hour per week, which he takes as an indication that they are engaging with the toy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43806\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43806\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jerry-the-bear-team-1.jpg\" alt=\"The Providence, RI-based team behind Jerry the Bear. \" width=\"480\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jerry-the-bear-team-1.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jerry-the-bear-team-1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Providence, RI-based team behind Jerry the Bear. \u003ccite>(Sproutel )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Horowitz came up with the idea for Jerry the Bear with his friend and co-founder, Hannah Chung, when he was an undergraduate at Northwestern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a child, Horowitz suffered from a medical condition called Growth Hormone Deficiency, which required regular injections. He saw a need for \"smart\" toys that could help future generations of children manage chronic illnesses, including diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We noticed in our early research with children with diabetes that they treated their teddy bears as if they had the disease,\" he said. \"They were role-playing everything they couldn't quite bear to do with their own bodies. That was what kicked us off.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/43784/mindful-bear-aims-to-teach-kids-about-healthy-eating","authors":["3252"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060"],"tags":["futureofyou_309","futureofyou_597","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_80"],"featImg":"futureofyou_43809","label":"futureofyou"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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