Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?
Spinal Patients Continue Remarkable Recovery After Stem Cell Injections, Company Says
Time Running Out, California Stem Cell Agency Yet to Produce Big Results
Stem Cells: Where Science, Hope and Hype Meet
Sponsored
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Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?","publishDate":1516117527,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The year was 2004, and great medical breakthroughs were supposedly right around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In TV advertisements, celebrities\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Michael J. Fox\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://preview-archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse/?cuecard=4336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Reeve, \u003c/a>both suffering from incurable conditions, touted the promise of stem cell research, which could lead to a plethora of cures for life-threatening diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Will California's appetite for funding stem cell research last?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The ads ran in support of \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 71\u003c/a>, a $3 billion California bond measure that would create the first state-funded stem cell agency in the nation. Three years earlier, the George W. Bush administration had \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=79025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued\u003c/a> rules to limit use of stem cells obtained from human embryos. But California voters easily passed Proposition 71, 59-41 percent. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CIRM\u003c/a>, was born. Its mission: to fund and accelerate stem-cell-related treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fourteen years and billions of dollars later, the agency is running out of money, and backers of stem cell research \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/stem-cell-agency-nears-5-billion-ballot-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a> on asking California voters to pony up for round two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those stem cell breakthroughs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still right around the corner. Or, if you're an optimist, perhaps rounding it, now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Promising but as yet unapproved therapies funded by CIRM\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Slowing or reversing \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retinitis pigmentosa\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New shunt for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kidney dialysis patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gene therapy for children with no \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">functioning immune system\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Help for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/04/spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spinal-injury victims\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lab-modified cells to treat \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/2017/07/20/stem-cell-agency-funds-phase-3-clinical-trial-for-lou-gehrigs-disease/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ALS patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Pitch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell research proponents — including the same advocacy group that backed Proposition 71 — want to ask voters in the November 2020 election for $5 billion in bond money to continue the work of CIRM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For voters, there will be one major question, according to Zev Yaroslavsky, an expert on state politics and government at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public will want to know what they’ve gotten for their money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_188656\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-188656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/StemCells-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 at the Stem Cell Research Proposition Party at the Biltmore Hotel Nov. 2, 2004 in Los Angeles, California.\" width=\"351\" height=\"234\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 in 2004. \u003ccite>(Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yaroslavsky expects to see plenty of funding measures on the 2020 ballot, including a parks bond and money for open space and schools, not to mention repeal of the gas tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At what point do people start to vote no on everything?\" Yaroslavsky said. \"Or prioritize which of those many good causes they want to spend their money on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_262540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-262540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons-400x368.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Human embryonic stem cells differentiating into neurons \u003ccite>(Guoping Fan/UCLA/CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robert Klein, who spearheaded the original 2004 ballot measure and served as the CIRM board's first chairman, still heads the advocacy group, \u003ca href=\"https://americansforcures.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Cures\u003c/a>, that pushed Proposition 71. Medical science isn't exactly his field — he's president of a Palo Alto-based real estate development firm — but he got involved in stem cell funding because of his son's Type 1 diabetes, which is incurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said re-funding the stem cell agency is not just a good cause, but good business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been a creator of jobs, and the state benefits from taxes by attracting research centers here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Bv07QyLXQ031CUEZCQOytRKusurX2p1i\"]A 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/about_cirm/Econ_Impact_REPORT_updated_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">independent review\u003c/a> commissioned by CIRM and looking forward through 2014 estimated that its grants plus matching funds would result in an average of over 4,000 jobs created per year, and $205 million in state tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the proposed new funding, Klein said the $5 billion bond cost would be amortized over 40 years, so it’s not a huge cost compared to other government projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, we paid \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/10/from-250-million-to-65-billion-the-bay-bridge-cost-overrun/410254/\">$6.5 billion\u003c/a> just to fix the eastern span of the Bay Bridge,” Klein said. “That’s road infrastructure — this is more like [funding] the intellectual infrastructure of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Are the Cures?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can be transformed into specific tissue and organ cells. The 2004 ballot initiative struck an emotional chord, in part because of the high-profile cases of actors Reeve and Fox, who personified the hope that the cells could play a role in new therapies for incurable medical conditions. Reeve, who died in 2004, became a quadriplegic after injuring his spine in a horse-riding accident; Fox has Parkinson’s, a neurodegenerative disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fox's \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30-second spot\u003c/a>, he used the word “cures” three times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So has CIRM produced any cures?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family of 5-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro\u003c/a> would say yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was born with a rare genetic condition called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, or\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SCID\u003c/a>, also known as “bubble baby” disease. The ailment renders a patient's immune system nonfunctioning. The National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/#al-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimates\u003c/a> approximately 40 to 100 children in the U.S. each year are diagnosed with the malady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCLA clinical researchers, partially funded by CIRM, genetically modified Evangelina’s own blood stem cells to correct the SCID mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was cured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was the first to undergo the treatment, back when she was just a few months old. And now, CIRM says, at least 40 other children have been cured with the same procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438299\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg\" alt=\"Baby in a hospital bed\" width=\"576\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina being treated by Don Kohn and his team in 2012. \u003ccite>(UCLA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite this success, the SCID trial is only in Phase 2. CIRM has only two trials in Phase 3, a necessary step before FDA approval: one testing a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new port\u003c/a> for kidney dialysis patients that is made out of human tissue and would not have to be replaced; and one that aims to\u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/newsroom/press-releases/07202017/phase-3-clinical-trial-targeting-lou-gehrigs-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> slow down\u003c/a> the progression of Lou Gehrig's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other promising CIRM-funded therapies include slowing or \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reversing\u003c/a> retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic abnormality that destroys a person’s sight; and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/26/paralyzed-patients-regain-movement-in-stem-cell-trial-is-it-too-early-to-celebrate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injecting stem cells\u003c/a> into patients with severe spinal injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has made several of these therapies eligible for priority review by granting them Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm537670.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RMAT\u003c/a>, status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical trials and research in less-advanced stages are ongoing for many other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diseases and conditions\u003c/a>, including brain cancer, diabetes and HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fact remains: Although this could change in the run-up to the election, no CIRM-funded stem cell treatment has yet to be approved by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miracles Capture the Imagination\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even outside of CIRM, only a handful of stem cell-related therapies have been approved for general use. Yet, stem cell research has captured the public's imagination with flashes of the miraculous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 594px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg\" alt=\"Middle aged man looks at camera.\" width=\"594\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg 594w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Timothy Ray Brown, known as the 'Berlin patient' and the only person to have been cured of AIDS, at a press conference in 2012. \u003ccite>(T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Timothy Ray Brown, the famous \"\u003ca href=\"http://defeathiv.org/berlin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berlin patient\u003c/a>,\" for example, is an HIV patient who received a bone marrow transplant from a donor with a genetic mutation that endowed resistance to HIV. The transplant effectively cured Brown of the disease. However, there are currently a dearth of potential donors with the correct mutation, so researchers hope to create them, for use in patients' blood systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bubble baby breakthrough and positive initial results in other CIRM-funded trials are strong selling points, said David Jensen, a journalist who covers stem cell research and writes a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Stem Cell Report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some things CIRM can point to that are really impressive,\" Jensen said. \"It’s a pretty big deal in the world of science. It's the largest single source of funding for embryonic stem cell research in the world, and that’s no small thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"jHMWEkOPxg4IYTLSL83TfP2I7GjhjcyI\"]That doesn't necessarily mean voters will agree to re-fund it, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin McCormack, CIRM’s director of public communications and patient advocate outreach, said there's still time for CIRM to make a bigger splash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve still got two more years,” McCormack said. “By 2020 I think people will see that CIRM-funded therapies are not just changing lives but saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overpromising: Something CIRM Has 'Had to Live With'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein, the backer of Proposition 71, said the 2004 campaign never promised cures during the lifetime of the stem cell agency, only progress toward attaining them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we put in the ballot arguments is that we had to make major progress in mitigating disease, and moving toward cures,” Klein said. He feels that certainly has been achieved— and more. “In terms of progress toward the ultimate goal of cures, it’s remarkable what progress has been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look back, I think we have out-achieved the representations we put on the ballot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even CIRM's McCormack has said, in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/22/stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview with KQED\u003c/a> in 2016, that overpromising by the Proposition 71 campaign is \"something [CIRM] has had to live with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition during the \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\">first ballot measure\u003c/a> was based mostly on religious concerns about using embryonic stem cells, on the large amount of money (the $3 billion price tag actually costs taxpayers $6 billion when interest is included) and on the lack of any guarantees of specific achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jensen expects religious objections to resurface when the election campaigns ramp up — but that those might not gain traction, because the field has expanded into adult and \u003ca href=\"https://stemcell.ucla.edu/induced-pluripotent-stem-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/a> in addition to embryonic cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 570px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png 570w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-160x168.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-240x253.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-375x395.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-520x547.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro on the cover of CIRM's \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/cirm-annual-reports\">2016 Annual Report\u003c/a>. \u003ccite>(CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And since the poster child for stem cell success could very well be the pint-sized and happy-faced Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro, it may be hard to argue that these concerns outweigh not having to live in a bubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, how can you be against that?\" Jensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some opposition has sprung up even inside the medical community. Barbara Koenig, head of the bioethics program at UCSF, pointed to ongoing concerns about conflict of interest at the agency — 90 percent of all spending benefited organizations that have been represented on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/board-and-meetings/list-icoc-members\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">governing board\u003c/a>, Jensen has been \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/californias-stem-cell-agency-future-uncertain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting\u003c/a>— and the public governance that she said has been lacking. (McCormack said the expansion of companies involved in stem cell research has resulted in broader distribution of funds. He also pointed to CIRM's adoption of more stringent\u003ca href=\"https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/ICD886A9181574C3BADD5946217E13F00?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)&bhcp=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conflict-of-interest policies \u003c/a>in 2013.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I didn’t like the over-hyping of the immediate idea that [in 2004] there were cures around the corner. I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.'\u003ccite>Barbara Koenig, UCSF bioethics program\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Koenig supports stem cell research, but voted against the measure in 2004. And she has serious concerns about its possible renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t like the overhyping of the immediate idea that there were cures around the corner,” Koenig said. “I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask Koenig how she might use that proposed $5 billion differently, and she responds with a moment of stunned silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my, so many things,” she said. “I would try to figure out how to make sure every child in California has access to basic health services, nutrition, clean water . . . not just make high-priced products, but to improve public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said stem cell research \"privileges these quick-fix biotech approaches, which may make a lot of money but may not benefit the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bioethicist, Jodi Halpern of UC Berkeley, said the ballot initiative process is no place for a basic state spending decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why isn’t this a legislative issue?” Halpern asked. “We elect the Legislature to decide where California is going to spend its money. Putting this on the ballot, making it an emotional issue rather than just a financial one, that doesn’t sit right with me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=59&v=FjXiRx7DvzQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concerns vs. Cures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM’s McCormack said he understands the concerns about state funding, but he said he's seen too much good come from the agency to see it wither on the budget-bickering vine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are helping change the face of medicine,” he said. “We have so many clinical trials in the pipeline . . . that will pay off with therapies to help people who right now don’t have much of a chance for help, people with unmet medical needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its current spending pace, CIRM will run out of money by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agedna_Item_%234_FINAL%20Dec%202017%20President%20Report%5B7%5D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of 2019\u003c/a> — roughly a year before the proposed ballot measure vote. At its December 2017 board meeting, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agenda_Item_%236_Presentation_Draft_1%5B2%5D_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">topics\u003c/a> for discussion was how to slow that spending and extend the agency’s grant-making till the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board members and staffers aren’t involved in the proposed ballot measure, but they’re obviously keen on it, McCormack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said he commissioned a survey to gauge interest and attitudes toward re-funding the agency. He said the numbers are strongly positive, but he has not released those results. There have been no other California polls on the topic since 2004, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if voter attitudes are overwhelmingly favorable toward stem cell research, proponents may find that goodwill might wilt when it comes to passing a ballot measure, UCLA’s Yaroslavsky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People do see stem cell research as something they have a stake in, but you’re going to have to explain what we got with the first $3 billion. I suspect their case with the voters will be that we need to keep momentum going. But the question is, 'Will they buy it?' ”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Fourteen years after Calif. voters approved $3 billion in funding to create a state stem cell agency, backers are planning to ask the public to pony up again. What achievements will they be able to point to?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1516647437,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":67,"wordCount":2291},"headData":{"title":"Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More? | KQED","description":"Fourteen years after Calif. voters approved $3 billion in funding to create a state stem cell agency, backers are planning to ask the public to pony up again. What achievements will they be able to point to?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?","datePublished":"2018-01-16T15:45:27.000Z","dateModified":"2018-01-22T18:57:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"438169 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=438169","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/01/16/californias-stem-cell-agency-is-almost-out-of-money-should-voters-ok-5-billion-more/","disqusTitle":"Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?","source":"KQED Future of You","path":"/futureofyou/438169/californias-stem-cell-agency-is-almost-out-of-money-should-voters-ok-5-billion-more","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The year was 2004, and great medical breakthroughs were supposedly right around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In TV advertisements, celebrities\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Michael J. Fox\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://preview-archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse/?cuecard=4336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Reeve, \u003c/a>both suffering from incurable conditions, touted the promise of stem cell research, which could lead to a plethora of cures for life-threatening diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Will California's appetite for funding stem cell research last?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The ads ran in support of \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 71\u003c/a>, a $3 billion California bond measure that would create the first state-funded stem cell agency in the nation. Three years earlier, the George W. Bush administration had \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=79025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued\u003c/a> rules to limit use of stem cells obtained from human embryos. But California voters easily passed Proposition 71, 59-41 percent. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CIRM\u003c/a>, was born. Its mission: to fund and accelerate stem-cell-related treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fourteen years and billions of dollars later, the agency is running out of money, and backers of stem cell research \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/stem-cell-agency-nears-5-billion-ballot-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a> on asking California voters to pony up for round two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those stem cell breakthroughs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still right around the corner. Or, if you're an optimist, perhaps rounding it, now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Promising but as yet unapproved therapies funded by CIRM\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Slowing or reversing \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retinitis pigmentosa\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New shunt for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kidney dialysis patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gene therapy for children with no \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">functioning immune system\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Help for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/04/spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spinal-injury victims\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lab-modified cells to treat \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/2017/07/20/stem-cell-agency-funds-phase-3-clinical-trial-for-lou-gehrigs-disease/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ALS patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Pitch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell research proponents — including the same advocacy group that backed Proposition 71 — want to ask voters in the November 2020 election for $5 billion in bond money to continue the work of CIRM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For voters, there will be one major question, according to Zev Yaroslavsky, an expert on state politics and government at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public will want to know what they’ve gotten for their money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_188656\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-188656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/StemCells-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 at the Stem Cell Research Proposition Party at the Biltmore Hotel Nov. 2, 2004 in Los Angeles, California.\" width=\"351\" height=\"234\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 in 2004. \u003ccite>(Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yaroslavsky expects to see plenty of funding measures on the 2020 ballot, including a parks bond and money for open space and schools, not to mention repeal of the gas tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At what point do people start to vote no on everything?\" Yaroslavsky said. \"Or prioritize which of those many good causes they want to spend their money on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_262540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-262540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons-400x368.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Human embryonic stem cells differentiating into neurons \u003ccite>(Guoping Fan/UCLA/CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robert Klein, who spearheaded the original 2004 ballot measure and served as the CIRM board's first chairman, still heads the advocacy group, \u003ca href=\"https://americansforcures.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Cures\u003c/a>, that pushed Proposition 71. Medical science isn't exactly his field — he's president of a Palo Alto-based real estate development firm — but he got involved in stem cell funding because of his son's Type 1 diabetes, which is incurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said re-funding the stem cell agency is not just a good cause, but good business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been a creator of jobs, and the state benefits from taxes by attracting research centers here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>A 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/about_cirm/Econ_Impact_REPORT_updated_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">independent review\u003c/a> commissioned by CIRM and looking forward through 2014 estimated that its grants plus matching funds would result in an average of over 4,000 jobs created per year, and $205 million in state tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the proposed new funding, Klein said the $5 billion bond cost would be amortized over 40 years, so it’s not a huge cost compared to other government projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, we paid \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/10/from-250-million-to-65-billion-the-bay-bridge-cost-overrun/410254/\">$6.5 billion\u003c/a> just to fix the eastern span of the Bay Bridge,” Klein said. “That’s road infrastructure — this is more like [funding] the intellectual infrastructure of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Are the Cures?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can be transformed into specific tissue and organ cells. The 2004 ballot initiative struck an emotional chord, in part because of the high-profile cases of actors Reeve and Fox, who personified the hope that the cells could play a role in new therapies for incurable medical conditions. Reeve, who died in 2004, became a quadriplegic after injuring his spine in a horse-riding accident; Fox has Parkinson’s, a neurodegenerative disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fox's \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30-second spot\u003c/a>, he used the word “cures” three times.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/fK9Eg0GVl7Q'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/fK9Eg0GVl7Q'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>So has CIRM produced any cures?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family of 5-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro\u003c/a> would say yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was born with a rare genetic condition called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, or\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SCID\u003c/a>, also known as “bubble baby” disease. The ailment renders a patient's immune system nonfunctioning. The National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/#al-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimates\u003c/a> approximately 40 to 100 children in the U.S. each year are diagnosed with the malady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCLA clinical researchers, partially funded by CIRM, genetically modified Evangelina’s own blood stem cells to correct the SCID mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was cured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was the first to undergo the treatment, back when she was just a few months old. And now, CIRM says, at least 40 other children have been cured with the same procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438299\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg\" alt=\"Baby in a hospital bed\" width=\"576\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina being treated by Don Kohn and his team in 2012. \u003ccite>(UCLA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite this success, the SCID trial is only in Phase 2. CIRM has only two trials in Phase 3, a necessary step before FDA approval: one testing a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new port\u003c/a> for kidney dialysis patients that is made out of human tissue and would not have to be replaced; and one that aims to\u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/newsroom/press-releases/07202017/phase-3-clinical-trial-targeting-lou-gehrigs-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> slow down\u003c/a> the progression of Lou Gehrig's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other promising CIRM-funded therapies include slowing or \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reversing\u003c/a> retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic abnormality that destroys a person’s sight; and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/26/paralyzed-patients-regain-movement-in-stem-cell-trial-is-it-too-early-to-celebrate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injecting stem cells\u003c/a> into patients with severe spinal injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has made several of these therapies eligible for priority review by granting them Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm537670.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RMAT\u003c/a>, status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical trials and research in less-advanced stages are ongoing for many other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diseases and conditions\u003c/a>, including brain cancer, diabetes and HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fact remains: Although this could change in the run-up to the election, no CIRM-funded stem cell treatment has yet to be approved by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miracles Capture the Imagination\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even outside of CIRM, only a handful of stem cell-related therapies have been approved for general use. Yet, stem cell research has captured the public's imagination with flashes of the miraculous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 594px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg\" alt=\"Middle aged man looks at camera.\" width=\"594\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg 594w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Timothy Ray Brown, known as the 'Berlin patient' and the only person to have been cured of AIDS, at a press conference in 2012. \u003ccite>(T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Timothy Ray Brown, the famous \"\u003ca href=\"http://defeathiv.org/berlin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berlin patient\u003c/a>,\" for example, is an HIV patient who received a bone marrow transplant from a donor with a genetic mutation that endowed resistance to HIV. The transplant effectively cured Brown of the disease. However, there are currently a dearth of potential donors with the correct mutation, so researchers hope to create them, for use in patients' blood systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bubble baby breakthrough and positive initial results in other CIRM-funded trials are strong selling points, said David Jensen, a journalist who covers stem cell research and writes a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Stem Cell Report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some things CIRM can point to that are really impressive,\" Jensen said. \"It’s a pretty big deal in the world of science. It's the largest single source of funding for embryonic stem cell research in the world, and that’s no small thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>That doesn't necessarily mean voters will agree to re-fund it, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin McCormack, CIRM’s director of public communications and patient advocate outreach, said there's still time for CIRM to make a bigger splash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve still got two more years,” McCormack said. “By 2020 I think people will see that CIRM-funded therapies are not just changing lives but saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overpromising: Something CIRM Has 'Had to Live With'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein, the backer of Proposition 71, said the 2004 campaign never promised cures during the lifetime of the stem cell agency, only progress toward attaining them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we put in the ballot arguments is that we had to make major progress in mitigating disease, and moving toward cures,” Klein said. He feels that certainly has been achieved— and more. “In terms of progress toward the ultimate goal of cures, it’s remarkable what progress has been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look back, I think we have out-achieved the representations we put on the ballot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even CIRM's McCormack has said, in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/22/stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview with KQED\u003c/a> in 2016, that overpromising by the Proposition 71 campaign is \"something [CIRM] has had to live with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition during the \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\">first ballot measure\u003c/a> was based mostly on religious concerns about using embryonic stem cells, on the large amount of money (the $3 billion price tag actually costs taxpayers $6 billion when interest is included) and on the lack of any guarantees of specific achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jensen expects religious objections to resurface when the election campaigns ramp up — but that those might not gain traction, because the field has expanded into adult and \u003ca href=\"https://stemcell.ucla.edu/induced-pluripotent-stem-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/a> in addition to embryonic cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 570px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png 570w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-160x168.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-240x253.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-375x395.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-520x547.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro on the cover of CIRM's \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/cirm-annual-reports\">2016 Annual Report\u003c/a>. \u003ccite>(CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And since the poster child for stem cell success could very well be the pint-sized and happy-faced Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro, it may be hard to argue that these concerns outweigh not having to live in a bubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, how can you be against that?\" Jensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some opposition has sprung up even inside the medical community. Barbara Koenig, head of the bioethics program at UCSF, pointed to ongoing concerns about conflict of interest at the agency — 90 percent of all spending benefited organizations that have been represented on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/board-and-meetings/list-icoc-members\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">governing board\u003c/a>, Jensen has been \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/californias-stem-cell-agency-future-uncertain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting\u003c/a>— and the public governance that she said has been lacking. (McCormack said the expansion of companies involved in stem cell research has resulted in broader distribution of funds. He also pointed to CIRM's adoption of more stringent\u003ca href=\"https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/ICD886A9181574C3BADD5946217E13F00?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)&bhcp=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conflict-of-interest policies \u003c/a>in 2013.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I didn’t like the over-hyping of the immediate idea that [in 2004] there were cures around the corner. I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.'\u003ccite>Barbara Koenig, UCSF bioethics program\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Koenig supports stem cell research, but voted against the measure in 2004. And she has serious concerns about its possible renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t like the overhyping of the immediate idea that there were cures around the corner,” Koenig said. “I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask Koenig how she might use that proposed $5 billion differently, and she responds with a moment of stunned silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my, so many things,” she said. “I would try to figure out how to make sure every child in California has access to basic health services, nutrition, clean water . . . not just make high-priced products, but to improve public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said stem cell research \"privileges these quick-fix biotech approaches, which may make a lot of money but may not benefit the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bioethicist, Jodi Halpern of UC Berkeley, said the ballot initiative process is no place for a basic state spending decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why isn’t this a legislative issue?” Halpern asked. “We elect the Legislature to decide where California is going to spend its money. Putting this on the ballot, making it an emotional issue rather than just a financial one, that doesn’t sit right with me.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/FjXiRx7DvzQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/FjXiRx7DvzQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concerns vs. Cures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM’s McCormack said he understands the concerns about state funding, but he said he's seen too much good come from the agency to see it wither on the budget-bickering vine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are helping change the face of medicine,” he said. “We have so many clinical trials in the pipeline . . . that will pay off with therapies to help people who right now don’t have much of a chance for help, people with unmet medical needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its current spending pace, CIRM will run out of money by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agedna_Item_%234_FINAL%20Dec%202017%20President%20Report%5B7%5D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of 2019\u003c/a> — roughly a year before the proposed ballot measure vote. At its December 2017 board meeting, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agenda_Item_%236_Presentation_Draft_1%5B2%5D_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">topics\u003c/a> for discussion was how to slow that spending and extend the agency’s grant-making till the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board members and staffers aren’t involved in the proposed ballot measure, but they’re obviously keen on it, McCormack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said he commissioned a survey to gauge interest and attitudes toward re-funding the agency. He said the numbers are strongly positive, but he has not released those results. There have been no other California polls on the topic since 2004, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if voter attitudes are overwhelmingly favorable toward stem cell research, proponents may find that goodwill might wilt when it comes to passing a ballot measure, UCLA’s Yaroslavsky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People do see stem cell research as something they have a stake in, but you’re going to have to explain what we got with the first $3 billion. I suspect their case with the voters will be that we need to keep momentum going. But the question is, 'Will they buy it?' ”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/438169/californias-stem-cell-agency-is-almost-out-of-money-should-voters-ok-5-billion-more","authors":["8656"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_961","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_680"],"featImg":"futureofyou_438308","label":"source_futureofyou_438169"},"futureofyou_435766":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_435766","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"435766","score":null,"sort":[1507134984000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says","title":"Spinal Patients Continue Remarkable Recovery After Stem Cell Injections, Company Says","publishDate":1507134984,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Patients with spinal injuries have continued to heal long after they’ve received an initial injection of stem cells, \u003ca href=\"http://asteriasbiotherapeutics.com/inv_news_releases_text.php?releaseid=2303887&date=October+02%2C+2017&title=Asterias+Announces+Two+Significant+Developments+for+Spinal+Cord+Injury+Program%3Chttp://asteriasbiotherapeutics.com/inv_news_releases_text.php?releaseid=2303887&date=October+02%2C+2017&title=Asterias+Announces+Two+Significant+Developments+for+Spinal+Cord+Injury+Program%3E\">according to data\u003c/a> released Oct. 2 by the biotech company conducting a clinical trial on the treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The rate of recovery at 12 months is more than double the rates of recovery seen at 12 months in both matched historical controls (29%) and published data in a similar patient population (26%).'\u003ccite>Asterias Biotherapeutics\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One year after six patients with severe spinal injuries were dosed with 10 million stem cells, four in the group have recovered at least two full motor levels of movement on at least one side of their bodies. That degree of improvement, based on the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3232636/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scale\u003c/a>, is about twice the rate of recovery patients historically see, according to the company, Asterias Biotherapeutics of Fremont, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rate of recovery at 12 months is more than double the rates of recovery seen at 12 months in both matched historical controls (29%) and published data in a similar patient population (26%),\" the company wrote in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Edward Wirth III, chief medical officer at Asterias, all six patients in the second cohort of the study progressed at least one motor level on one side; three patients improved two levels on one side; and one patient advanced three motor levels on one side. In addition, Wirth said, almost all the patients showed improvement on both sides of their bodies, and two of them jumped two motor levels on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regaining two motor levels in spinocervical patients is significant. That could make the difference between full paralysis from the neck down, a condition that would require a ventilator to breathe, versus regaining some arm, hand and finger movement, allowing patients to take care of many of life’s daily tasks unassisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We reported \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/09/23/stem-cells-may-have-restored-use-of-hands-and-arms-in-paralyzed-man/\">last year\u003c/a> on the striking initial results of this experimental phase 2 clinical trial, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.scistar-study.com/\">SCiStar.\u003c/a> The updated information suggests patients in this second cohort of the study not only received strong early benefit from the large single dose of stem cells, but that they have continued to improve over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Charles Liu, an investigator on the study and director of the USC Neurorestoration Center, has a patient in the second cohort of the trial, 21-year-old Kris Boesen of Fresno, whose substantial progress we first \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/03/23/strong-stem-cell-therapy-results-for-paralyzed-patients-company-says/\">reported\u003c/a> in September 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liu says most spinal-injury patients, once they’ve gone through initial recovery, tend to remain at the same level of movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can get a little bit better, but there’s definitely a point of plateau,\" Liu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new data from the trial shows continued progress. At the \u003ca href=\"http://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/5f3b3123-31c5-48ec-be59-dd0b842a21ca\">six-month mark\u003c/a>, for instance, only two of the patients attained two-motor-level-improvement. After 12 months, two more had attained the milestone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually what you see is a plateau and that’s not what we’re seeing here. They continued to improve,” Liu says. “It was a durable effect. And that’s incredibly exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The six people in the second cohort obviously represent a small sample size, and some patients do spontaneously recover from spinal injuries. But Liu believes now that the replication of Boesen's progress has occurred in multiple patients, it’s more difficult to write them off as outliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are five cohorts of patients in the study. The first received 2 million stem cells, the second 10 million, and the third is still in the process of receiving 20 million. The patients who received 2 million stem cells showed some benefit from the treatment, but not nearly as much as the 10-million-cell cohort.\u003cb> \u003c/b>The fourth and fifth cohorts target a different level of spinal injury, using dosages of 10 million and 20 million cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enrollment is completed for the first four rounds of the trial; the fifth cohort's enrollment has begun and is expected to be completed by the end of this year, Asterias officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Chronicle also \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Super-exciting-results-in-stem-cell-therapy-12245199.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote about the trial\u003c/a> this week, in a front-page article. Reporter Erin Allday spoke with Christopher Block, a 31-year-old patient in the SCiStar trial who had virtually no movement in his arms after he injured his spinal cord in a biking accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About a month after my stem cells, I was able to begin feeding myself,” Block told the Chronicle. He can now raise himself out of his wheelchair and change his shirt, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Asterias announced that the FDA had granted its request for designation of its stem cell treatment as a regenerative medicine advanced therapy, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm537670.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RMAT\u003c/a>. One of the conditions of that designation is that preliminary clinical evidence indicates the treatment has \"potential to address unmet medical needs\" related to a \"serious or life-threatening disease or condition.\" The designation, which was created under the 21st Century Cures Act last year, was designed to accelerate review and approval by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SCiStar is partially funded by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or CIRM, the publicly funded stem cell agency created by a state initiative in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Patients with spinal injuries have continued to heal long after they’ve received an initial injection of stem cells, according to data released by the biotech company conducting a clinical trial on the treatment.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1508868436,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":888},"headData":{"title":"Spinal Patients Continue Remarkable Recovery After Stem Cell Injections, Company Says | KQED","description":"Patients with spinal injuries have continued to heal long after they’ve received an initial injection of stem cells, according to data released by the biotech company conducting a clinical trial on the treatment.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Spinal Patients Continue Remarkable Recovery After Stem Cell Injections, Company Says","datePublished":"2017-10-04T16:36:24.000Z","dateModified":"2017-10-24T18:07:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"435766 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=435766","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/04/spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says/","disqusTitle":"Spinal Patients Continue Remarkable Recovery After Stem Cell Injections, Company Says","source":"Future of You","nprByline":"David Gorn\u003cbr />Future of You","path":"/futureofyou/435766/spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Patients with spinal injuries have continued to heal long after they’ve received an initial injection of stem cells, \u003ca href=\"http://asteriasbiotherapeutics.com/inv_news_releases_text.php?releaseid=2303887&date=October+02%2C+2017&title=Asterias+Announces+Two+Significant+Developments+for+Spinal+Cord+Injury+Program%3Chttp://asteriasbiotherapeutics.com/inv_news_releases_text.php?releaseid=2303887&date=October+02%2C+2017&title=Asterias+Announces+Two+Significant+Developments+for+Spinal+Cord+Injury+Program%3E\">according to data\u003c/a> released Oct. 2 by the biotech company conducting a clinical trial on the treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The rate of recovery at 12 months is more than double the rates of recovery seen at 12 months in both matched historical controls (29%) and published data in a similar patient population (26%).'\u003ccite>Asterias Biotherapeutics\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One year after six patients with severe spinal injuries were dosed with 10 million stem cells, four in the group have recovered at least two full motor levels of movement on at least one side of their bodies. That degree of improvement, based on the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3232636/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scale\u003c/a>, is about twice the rate of recovery patients historically see, according to the company, Asterias Biotherapeutics of Fremont, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rate of recovery at 12 months is more than double the rates of recovery seen at 12 months in both matched historical controls (29%) and published data in a similar patient population (26%),\" the company wrote in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Edward Wirth III, chief medical officer at Asterias, all six patients in the second cohort of the study progressed at least one motor level on one side; three patients improved two levels on one side; and one patient advanced three motor levels on one side. In addition, Wirth said, almost all the patients showed improvement on both sides of their bodies, and two of them jumped two motor levels on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regaining two motor levels in spinocervical patients is significant. That could make the difference between full paralysis from the neck down, a condition that would require a ventilator to breathe, versus regaining some arm, hand and finger movement, allowing patients to take care of many of life’s daily tasks unassisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We reported \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/09/23/stem-cells-may-have-restored-use-of-hands-and-arms-in-paralyzed-man/\">last year\u003c/a> on the striking initial results of this experimental phase 2 clinical trial, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.scistar-study.com/\">SCiStar.\u003c/a> The updated information suggests patients in this second cohort of the study not only received strong early benefit from the large single dose of stem cells, but that they have continued to improve over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Charles Liu, an investigator on the study and director of the USC Neurorestoration Center, has a patient in the second cohort of the trial, 21-year-old Kris Boesen of Fresno, whose substantial progress we first \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/03/23/strong-stem-cell-therapy-results-for-paralyzed-patients-company-says/\">reported\u003c/a> in September 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liu says most spinal-injury patients, once they’ve gone through initial recovery, tend to remain at the same level of movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can get a little bit better, but there’s definitely a point of plateau,\" Liu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new data from the trial shows continued progress. At the \u003ca href=\"http://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/5f3b3123-31c5-48ec-be59-dd0b842a21ca\">six-month mark\u003c/a>, for instance, only two of the patients attained two-motor-level-improvement. After 12 months, two more had attained the milestone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually what you see is a plateau and that’s not what we’re seeing here. They continued to improve,” Liu says. “It was a durable effect. And that’s incredibly exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The six people in the second cohort obviously represent a small sample size, and some patients do spontaneously recover from spinal injuries. But Liu believes now that the replication of Boesen's progress has occurred in multiple patients, it’s more difficult to write them off as outliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are five cohorts of patients in the study. The first received 2 million stem cells, the second 10 million, and the third is still in the process of receiving 20 million. The patients who received 2 million stem cells showed some benefit from the treatment, but not nearly as much as the 10-million-cell cohort.\u003cb> \u003c/b>The fourth and fifth cohorts target a different level of spinal injury, using dosages of 10 million and 20 million cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enrollment is completed for the first four rounds of the trial; the fifth cohort's enrollment has begun and is expected to be completed by the end of this year, Asterias officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Chronicle also \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Super-exciting-results-in-stem-cell-therapy-12245199.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote about the trial\u003c/a> this week, in a front-page article. Reporter Erin Allday spoke with Christopher Block, a 31-year-old patient in the SCiStar trial who had virtually no movement in his arms after he injured his spinal cord in a biking accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About a month after my stem cells, I was able to begin feeding myself,” Block told the Chronicle. He can now raise himself out of his wheelchair and change his shirt, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Asterias announced that the FDA had granted its request for designation of its stem cell treatment as a regenerative medicine advanced therapy, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm537670.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RMAT\u003c/a>. One of the conditions of that designation is that preliminary clinical evidence indicates the treatment has \"potential to address unmet medical needs\" related to a \"serious or life-threatening disease or condition.\" The designation, which was created under the 21st Century Cures Act last year, was designed to accelerate review and approval by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SCiStar is partially funded by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or CIRM, the publicly funded stem cell agency created by a state initiative in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/435766/spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says","authors":["byline_futureofyou_435766"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1367","futureofyou_961","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_1010","futureofyou_680"],"featImg":"futureofyou_243385","label":"source_futureofyou_435766"},"futureofyou_322634":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_322634","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"322634","score":null,"sort":[1484930860000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"time-running-out-california-stem-cell-agency-yet-to-produce-big-results","title":"Time Running Out, California Stem Cell Agency Yet to Produce Big Results","publishDate":1484930860,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>It’s been more than a decade since California launched an unprecedented experiment in medical research by direct democracy, when voters created a $3 billion fund to kick-start the hunt for stem cell therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bold plan, a response to federal funding limits for embryonic stem cell research, was sold with a simple pitch: The money would rapidly yield cures for devastating human diseases such as Parkinson’s and ALS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn’t happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"wiA2OMIATARmkALimTVF9L5bJoRR3eQd\"]A major reason, a STAT examination found, is that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">California Institute for Regenerative Medicine\u003c/a> has been slow to move promising experimental therapies into clinical trials. The National Institutes of Health has supported three and a half times as many human trials of stem cell therapies, dollar for dollar, as the California agency has funded since it started making grants in 2006. Just two of its clinical trials have been completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am floored by the disparity,” said Jim Lott, a health care consultant and member of the state board that monitors the agency, known as CIRM. If the numbers are correct, he told STAT, “that doesn’t settle well with me as a voter. That doesn’t settle well with me as a taxpayer. That doesn’t settle well with me as a member of the oversight committee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM has used most of the $2.2 billion in grants it has distributed so far to build labs and pay for basic research at public and private universities, such as Stanford and the University of Southern California, and private companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has given more than $300 million to 27 projects that include clinical trials — though much of that funding also supported preclinical work. Meanwhile, the agency has committed about $540 million to new labs and buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part, that’s because its directors chose to focus on infrastructure early on, as well as bench experiments and animal studies given that the biology of embryonic stem cells was not well-understood and there are formidable roadblocks to moving into human studies. Much more is known about the bone marrow stem cells that are the focus of many NIH-funded clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics have noted that many top grantees come from institutions that hold seats on CIRM’s governing board. The respected Institute of Medicine, in a 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/catalog/13523/the-california-institute-for-regenerative-medicine-science-governance-and-the\" target=\"_blank\">review\u003c/a>, said institutionalized conflicts of interest have raised questions about “the integrity and independence of some of CIRM’s decisions.” CIRM later enacted reforms that barred board members from voting directly on grants for their institutions. But the changes didn’t prevent other financial \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-20140720-column.html\" target=\"_blank\">conflicts\u003c/a> involving \u003ca href=\"http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/2016/09/alan-trounson-former-ceo-of-california.html\" target=\"_blank\">CIRM officers and grantees\u003c/a>, and the flow of funds to board members’ institutions continued unabated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_322983\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 979px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-322983 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM.jpg\" alt=\"CIRM\" width=\"979\" height=\"462\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM.jpg 979w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-160x76.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-800x378.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-768x362.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-960x453.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-240x113.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-375x177.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-520x245.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 979px) 100vw, 979px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health. \u003cspan class=\"media-source\">*Several CIRM trials included here were announced shortly after Sept. 30, 2016, the cut-off for the NIH data. **NIH spending for 2006 and 2007 is estimated because exact figures were unavailable.\u003c/span>NATALIA BRONSHTEIN/STAT\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You could make an argument that California taxpayer money should go to build new facilities on state university campuses,” said Marcy Darnovsky, who directs the Berkeley-based Center for Genetics and Society, a public affairs nonprofit. “But I don’t see an argument for Stanford getting fancy new buildings from California taxpayer money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford, whose endowment is among the top five nationally, and USC have received more than $70\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>million for major building projects, and hundreds of millions more for labs and research. Stanford alone has been favored with $1 out of every $7 CIRM has approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientists outside California said CIRM’s record is a strong one. CIRM-funded researchers have published nearly 2,000 scholarly papers. That output has helped vault California into the top ranks of stem cell science, said Dr. George Daley, the new dean of Harvard Medical School and a leading stem cell scientist who describes himself as an informal adviser and cheerleader for CIRM. “When I look at the progress my colleagues have made in California, I am duly awed,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The institute announced a year ago that it would reinvent itself to emphasize clinical research until it runs out of money in 2020 — unless voters grant a new infusion of cash. CIRM plans to fund 50 new trials with its remaining $692 million, of which 10 were announced in 2016. Just 17 trials were funded in its first decade of grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C. Randal Mills, CIRM’s CEO since 2014 and architect of its new strategy, said he welcomed comparisons that help benchmark CIRM’s progress. Mills, former head of Osiris Therapeutics, the first company to commercialize an approved stem cell treatment, declined to comment on STAT’s specific findings, but defended the initial emphasis on labs and basic science as underpinning future clinical work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re running our own race. … What we have to do is just continually get better” to benefit patients, Mills said in an interview. “If we’re behind [NIH], we’re going to get better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lott’s teenage daughter was paralyzed in an automobile crash and he hopes for a stem cell cure. He supports the goals of CIRM and applauds much of its work, but he now has second thoughts about the governance structure, which allows board members’ institutions to benefit from CIRM grants, as well as its financing. The ballot question that created CIRM, Proposition 71, authorized bond sales to pay for the agency’s budget, raising the total cost for taxpayers to $6 billion including interest. Financial experts, however, said that relatively low interest rates paid on long-term bonds can offer advantages over funding so large a venture directly from state coffers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether he would support a similar ballot measure today, Lott said, “We were all caught up in the time, and the events were different when we first looked at this. But not today. Not at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Lives Will Be Saved'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians emphatically supported CIRM, creating the stem cell colossus with 59 percent of the vote in 2004. Many were upset that President George W. Bush had sharply limited federal funding for work with embryonic stem cells, which are derived from early human embryos and able to develop into any type of tissue or organ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Proposition 71 also won because it was shamelessly oversold, consumer advocates and science policy experts said. Desperate patients, Nobel laureates, and A-list celebrities such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/08/30/parkinsons-study-fox-foundation-feud/\" target=\"_blank\">Michael J. Fox\u003c/a> — the Hollywood star and Parkinson’s sufferer — predicted “cures” that would “save millions of lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are more Americans than … we can count who are sick now, or are going to be sick in the future, whose lives will be saved by Prop 71,” patient advocate Joan Samuelson said in another ad. The sponsors of the measure also predicted that CIRM-generated cures would drastically reduce health care spending. No one made specific promises for the 10-year timeframe initially planned for CIRM’s work, but miracles seemed just around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can support embryonic stem cell research, which we do and did, and still be pretty appalled by what was going down,” said Darnovsky. “The airwaves were swamped with guys in white coats who were identified with their academic affiliation even though they were principals of private companies (some of which later got CIRM grants), and basically saying, ‘We’re going to have cures by Christmas.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mills, who was not involved at the agency’s genesis, called the idea sold to voters — impending, sweeping breakthroughs — “naïve.” Radical medical change usually takes decades from idea to cure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But here we are,” he said. “My sole mission is to create as much value for the resources we have left, for the people of California, that I can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California vs. NIH\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even under Bush-era restrictions — rescinded after President Barack Obama took office — the NIH continued to support substantial stem cell research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2006, it has spent $13.4 billion on stem cell science, six times CIRM’s budget during that period. But NIH fully or partly funded 571 clinical trials, according to STAT’s review — more than 20 times the number backed by California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While NIH in that period funded 50 Phase 3 clinical trials of stem cell therapies — generally the last step before seeking approval to market a product — CIRM has supported just three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One, the study of a treatment for skin cancer involving immune system cells, was terminated by Caladrius Biosciences, the grantee, when it determined that existing treatments had overtaken its approach. The others — testing altered immune cells to treat brain cancer and bioengineered veins to manage vascular problems — show promise, but are still recruiting patients and will not be completed for several years, according to the NIH website, ClinicalTrials.gov.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daley called the NIH comparison “a little unfair,” because that agency emphasized hematopoietic stem cells — blood-forming cells from bone marrow, which had been studied for decades — unlike CIRM’s sharper focus on cutting-edge embryonic stem cells. A little more than half of CIRM’s awards have gone to support research on embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, which are created by modifying adult stem cells to act like embryonic ones. It gave about a quarter of its awards to support adult stem cell work, and the rest for other research areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the early days of CIRM, the feeling was that the field needed deep and direct investments in the … fundamental foundation of stem cell biology, because the translational opportunities were not yet mature, certainly not using embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells,” Daley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/01/30/paul-knoepfler/\" target=\"_blank\">Paul Knoepfler\u003c/a>, a University of California, Davis, researcher and CIRM grantee who writes a popular \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipscell.com/\" target=\"_blank\">stem cell blog\u003c/a>, agreed. “One almost had to invent a system for figuring out what would be a safe way to proceed with embryonic stem cell clinical trials because those cells are really much more powerful and also have different kinds of risks,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knoepfler said he expected the basic science to spark clinical breakthroughs in time, citing, for example, promising early work on reversing paralysis from Asterias Biotherapeutics, located in Fremont, southeast of San Francisco. Jake Javier, a patient in a CIRM-supported Asterias trial, lost almost all use of his limbs in an accident diving into a swimming pool. He recently received an injection of a type of cell derived from embryonic stem cells that can help protect nerve cells damaged in spinal cord injuries. Javier has since regained some\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>use of his arms — one of five patients in early trials who have shown improvement that CIRM and the researchers attribute to the treatment. The results have not yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Mills noted that grants for new labs included provisions that required grantees to raise other funds — to “leverage” economic benefits to taxpayers — and to assist future trials. The institute, for example, gave $30 million to the contract research firm Quintiles to create facilities that will conduct preclinical research, manage regulatory issues, and provide clinical support for CIRM-supported stem cell trials, all at a steep discount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no iPhone 4 without an iPhone 3 or a 2 or a 1,” Mills said. But in a world where technology advances rapidly — Apple is already selling the iPhone 7, after all — voters are still waiting for the promised cures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_322991\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 384px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/evangelina.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-322991\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/evangelina.jpg\" alt=\"Evangelina Padilla Vaccaro in November 2016.\" width=\"384\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/evangelina.jpg 384w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/evangelina-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/evangelina-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/evangelina-375x563.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina Padilla Vaccaro in November 2016. \u003ccite>(Nancy Ramos)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, CIRM has one literal poster child to show it can deliver. Four-year-old Evangelina Padilla Vaccaro, featured on the cover of CIRM’s recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/2016-annual-report\" target=\"_blank\">annual report\u003c/a>, was born with severe combined immunodeficiency. She had no operating immune system. Some such children have been kept alive in sterile isolation tents for a time — hence the term, “bubble baby” — but most have died from infections within a few years. A lucky few who received matching bone-marrow transplants survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA’s Dr. Donald Kohn, supported by CIRM, cured Evangelina by extracting some of her blood stem cells, altering them to correct the genetic defect, and returning them to her body. She’s now thriving with a robust immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That little girl, and 29 children like her, “are getting immunizations, they’re going to school, they’re swimming in public swimming pools, they’re eating dirt, they’re doing all the things that little kids are supposed to do,” said Steven Peckman, associate director of UCLA’s Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research. “They get sick and their own bodies attack those viruses and bacteria. And they survive. If there’s going to be something that’s called a cure, this is it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That inspiring triumph was partly funded by CIRM, but Kohn’s work took three decades, was well underway long before CIRM existed, and didn’t involve embryonic stem cells — the key gap CIRM was founded to fill. Evangelina was saved by hematopoietic stem cells, the type that NIH has been more focused on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Racing the Clock\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As much as Mills defends the old CIRM, last year he announced “CIRM 2.0” — a drastic shift to speed up clinical trials before the organization’s clock runs out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether Californians are getting good value for their money from CIRM, Mills cited economic gains to the state, then added: “I focus a lot more on the return in relief of human suffering. We’re just starting to lift off the ground on that. I hope in history, in time, the record shows CIRM was a great deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, CIRM has said it will focus in 2017 primarily on clinical trials and work it hopes will lay the foundation for such studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the studies show clear results, Mills said, “I think it will be self-evident that CIRM should be continued” with new funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lott, the state overseer, called CIRM 2.0 long overdue. “They needed to at least create something a little more tangible, more specifically measurable, for the billions of dollars that they’ve allocated,” he said. “But it may be a little too late,” he added, to convince taxpayers that CIRM should get a new infusion of funds, given its governance structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Daley — unbridled in his enthusiasm for CIRM’s work — hesitated when asked if it was a model to emulate, though for a different reason. “I reluctantly endorse it,” he said, “in part because I think it’s another argument that allows the federal government and the NIH to abdicate its responsibility for investments in biomedical research, which benefits us all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, just as President Bush’s policy on stem cells led to CIRM’s creation, the incoming Trump administration might bail out the institute just in time. The president-elect has not weighed in on federal funding, but Representative Tom Price, his nominee for Health and Human Services secretary, has long opposed federal funding of embryonic stem cell research — a view shared by Vice President-elect Mike Pence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Trump administration takes a hostile mind toward embryonic stem cell research, and perhaps some kinds of important fetal research are restricted as well, it may give another source of energy to CIRM,” said Knoepfler. “I don’t think Californians like to be told what we can or cannot do, research-wise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/01/19/california-stem-cell-agency-cirm/\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California's $3 billion stem cell initiative was sold to voters with the pitch that the investment would rapidly yield cures for devastating diseases like Parkinson’s and ALS. That hasn’t happened.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1484950180,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":51,"wordCount":2723},"headData":{"title":"Time Running Out, California Stem Cell Agency Yet to Produce Big Results | KQED","description":"California's $3 billion stem cell initiative was sold to voters with the pitch that the investment would rapidly yield cures for devastating diseases like Parkinson’s and ALS. That hasn’t happened.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Time Running Out, California Stem Cell Agency Yet to Produce Big Results","datePublished":"2017-01-20T16:47:40.000Z","dateModified":"2017-01-20T22:09:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"322634 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=322634","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/20/time-running-out-california-stem-cell-agency-yet-to-produce-big-results/","disqusTitle":"Time Running Out, California Stem Cell Agency Yet to Produce Big Results","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/01/19/california-stem-cell-agency-cirm/\">STAT\u003c/a>","nprByline":"Charles Piller\u003cbr />\u003cA HREF=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/A>","path":"/futureofyou/322634/time-running-out-california-stem-cell-agency-yet-to-produce-big-results","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s been more than a decade since California launched an unprecedented experiment in medical research by direct democracy, when voters created a $3 billion fund to kick-start the hunt for stem cell therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bold plan, a response to federal funding limits for embryonic stem cell research, was sold with a simple pitch: The money would rapidly yield cures for devastating human diseases such as Parkinson’s and ALS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn’t happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>A major reason, a STAT examination found, is that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">California Institute for Regenerative Medicine\u003c/a> has been slow to move promising experimental therapies into clinical trials. The National Institutes of Health has supported three and a half times as many human trials of stem cell therapies, dollar for dollar, as the California agency has funded since it started making grants in 2006. Just two of its clinical trials have been completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am floored by the disparity,” said Jim Lott, a health care consultant and member of the state board that monitors the agency, known as CIRM. If the numbers are correct, he told STAT, “that doesn’t settle well with me as a voter. That doesn’t settle well with me as a taxpayer. That doesn’t settle well with me as a member of the oversight committee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM has used most of the $2.2 billion in grants it has distributed so far to build labs and pay for basic research at public and private universities, such as Stanford and the University of Southern California, and private companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has given more than $300 million to 27 projects that include clinical trials — though much of that funding also supported preclinical work. Meanwhile, the agency has committed about $540 million to new labs and buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part, that’s because its directors chose to focus on infrastructure early on, as well as bench experiments and animal studies given that the biology of embryonic stem cells was not well-understood and there are formidable roadblocks to moving into human studies. Much more is known about the bone marrow stem cells that are the focus of many NIH-funded clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics have noted that many top grantees come from institutions that hold seats on CIRM’s governing board. The respected Institute of Medicine, in a 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/catalog/13523/the-california-institute-for-regenerative-medicine-science-governance-and-the\" target=\"_blank\">review\u003c/a>, said institutionalized conflicts of interest have raised questions about “the integrity and independence of some of CIRM’s decisions.” CIRM later enacted reforms that barred board members from voting directly on grants for their institutions. But the changes didn’t prevent other financial \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-20140720-column.html\" target=\"_blank\">conflicts\u003c/a> involving \u003ca href=\"http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/2016/09/alan-trounson-former-ceo-of-california.html\" target=\"_blank\">CIRM officers and grantees\u003c/a>, and the flow of funds to board members’ institutions continued unabated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_322983\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 979px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-322983 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM.jpg\" alt=\"CIRM\" width=\"979\" height=\"462\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM.jpg 979w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-160x76.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-800x378.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-768x362.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-960x453.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-240x113.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-375x177.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/CIRM-520x245.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 979px) 100vw, 979px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health. \u003cspan class=\"media-source\">*Several CIRM trials included here were announced shortly after Sept. 30, 2016, the cut-off for the NIH data. **NIH spending for 2006 and 2007 is estimated because exact figures were unavailable.\u003c/span>NATALIA BRONSHTEIN/STAT\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You could make an argument that California taxpayer money should go to build new facilities on state university campuses,” said Marcy Darnovsky, who directs the Berkeley-based Center for Genetics and Society, a public affairs nonprofit. “But I don’t see an argument for Stanford getting fancy new buildings from California taxpayer money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford, whose endowment is among the top five nationally, and USC have received more than $70\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>million for major building projects, and hundreds of millions more for labs and research. Stanford alone has been favored with $1 out of every $7 CIRM has approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientists outside California said CIRM’s record is a strong one. CIRM-funded researchers have published nearly 2,000 scholarly papers. That output has helped vault California into the top ranks of stem cell science, said Dr. George Daley, the new dean of Harvard Medical School and a leading stem cell scientist who describes himself as an informal adviser and cheerleader for CIRM. “When I look at the progress my colleagues have made in California, I am duly awed,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The institute announced a year ago that it would reinvent itself to emphasize clinical research until it runs out of money in 2020 — unless voters grant a new infusion of cash. CIRM plans to fund 50 new trials with its remaining $692 million, of which 10 were announced in 2016. Just 17 trials were funded in its first decade of grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C. Randal Mills, CIRM’s CEO since 2014 and architect of its new strategy, said he welcomed comparisons that help benchmark CIRM’s progress. Mills, former head of Osiris Therapeutics, the first company to commercialize an approved stem cell treatment, declined to comment on STAT’s specific findings, but defended the initial emphasis on labs and basic science as underpinning future clinical work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re running our own race. … What we have to do is just continually get better” to benefit patients, Mills said in an interview. “If we’re behind [NIH], we’re going to get better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lott’s teenage daughter was paralyzed in an automobile crash and he hopes for a stem cell cure. He supports the goals of CIRM and applauds much of its work, but he now has second thoughts about the governance structure, which allows board members’ institutions to benefit from CIRM grants, as well as its financing. The ballot question that created CIRM, Proposition 71, authorized bond sales to pay for the agency’s budget, raising the total cost for taxpayers to $6 billion including interest. Financial experts, however, said that relatively low interest rates paid on long-term bonds can offer advantages over funding so large a venture directly from state coffers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether he would support a similar ballot measure today, Lott said, “We were all caught up in the time, and the events were different when we first looked at this. But not today. Not at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Lives Will Be Saved'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians emphatically supported CIRM, creating the stem cell colossus with 59 percent of the vote in 2004. Many were upset that President George W. Bush had sharply limited federal funding for work with embryonic stem cells, which are derived from early human embryos and able to develop into any type of tissue or organ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Proposition 71 also won because it was shamelessly oversold, consumer advocates and science policy experts said. Desperate patients, Nobel laureates, and A-list celebrities such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/08/30/parkinsons-study-fox-foundation-feud/\" target=\"_blank\">Michael J. Fox\u003c/a> — the Hollywood star and Parkinson’s sufferer — predicted “cures” that would “save millions of lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are more Americans than … we can count who are sick now, or are going to be sick in the future, whose lives will be saved by Prop 71,” patient advocate Joan Samuelson said in another ad. The sponsors of the measure also predicted that CIRM-generated cures would drastically reduce health care spending. No one made specific promises for the 10-year timeframe initially planned for CIRM’s work, but miracles seemed just around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can support embryonic stem cell research, which we do and did, and still be pretty appalled by what was going down,” said Darnovsky. “The airwaves were swamped with guys in white coats who were identified with their academic affiliation even though they were principals of private companies (some of which later got CIRM grants), and basically saying, ‘We’re going to have cures by Christmas.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mills, who was not involved at the agency’s genesis, called the idea sold to voters — impending, sweeping breakthroughs — “naïve.” Radical medical change usually takes decades from idea to cure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But here we are,” he said. “My sole mission is to create as much value for the resources we have left, for the people of California, that I can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California vs. NIH\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even under Bush-era restrictions — rescinded after President Barack Obama took office — the NIH continued to support substantial stem cell research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2006, it has spent $13.4 billion on stem cell science, six times CIRM’s budget during that period. But NIH fully or partly funded 571 clinical trials, according to STAT’s review — more than 20 times the number backed by California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While NIH in that period funded 50 Phase 3 clinical trials of stem cell therapies — generally the last step before seeking approval to market a product — CIRM has supported just three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One, the study of a treatment for skin cancer involving immune system cells, was terminated by Caladrius Biosciences, the grantee, when it determined that existing treatments had overtaken its approach. The others — testing altered immune cells to treat brain cancer and bioengineered veins to manage vascular problems — show promise, but are still recruiting patients and will not be completed for several years, according to the NIH website, ClinicalTrials.gov.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daley called the NIH comparison “a little unfair,” because that agency emphasized hematopoietic stem cells — blood-forming cells from bone marrow, which had been studied for decades — unlike CIRM’s sharper focus on cutting-edge embryonic stem cells. A little more than half of CIRM’s awards have gone to support research on embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, which are created by modifying adult stem cells to act like embryonic ones. It gave about a quarter of its awards to support adult stem cell work, and the rest for other research areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the early days of CIRM, the feeling was that the field needed deep and direct investments in the … fundamental foundation of stem cell biology, because the translational opportunities were not yet mature, certainly not using embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells,” Daley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/01/30/paul-knoepfler/\" target=\"_blank\">Paul Knoepfler\u003c/a>, a University of California, Davis, researcher and CIRM grantee who writes a popular \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipscell.com/\" target=\"_blank\">stem cell blog\u003c/a>, agreed. “One almost had to invent a system for figuring out what would be a safe way to proceed with embryonic stem cell clinical trials because those cells are really much more powerful and also have different kinds of risks,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knoepfler said he expected the basic science to spark clinical breakthroughs in time, citing, for example, promising early work on reversing paralysis from Asterias Biotherapeutics, located in Fremont, southeast of San Francisco. Jake Javier, a patient in a CIRM-supported Asterias trial, lost almost all use of his limbs in an accident diving into a swimming pool. He recently received an injection of a type of cell derived from embryonic stem cells that can help protect nerve cells damaged in spinal cord injuries. Javier has since regained some\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>use of his arms — one of five patients in early trials who have shown improvement that CIRM and the researchers attribute to the treatment. The results have not yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Mills noted that grants for new labs included provisions that required grantees to raise other funds — to “leverage” economic benefits to taxpayers — and to assist future trials. The institute, for example, gave $30 million to the contract research firm Quintiles to create facilities that will conduct preclinical research, manage regulatory issues, and provide clinical support for CIRM-supported stem cell trials, all at a steep discount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no iPhone 4 without an iPhone 3 or a 2 or a 1,” Mills said. But in a world where technology advances rapidly — Apple is already selling the iPhone 7, after all — voters are still waiting for the promised cures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_322991\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 384px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/evangelina.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-322991\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/evangelina.jpg\" alt=\"Evangelina Padilla Vaccaro in November 2016.\" width=\"384\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/evangelina.jpg 384w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/evangelina-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/evangelina-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/evangelina-375x563.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina Padilla Vaccaro in November 2016. \u003ccite>(Nancy Ramos)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, CIRM has one literal poster child to show it can deliver. Four-year-old Evangelina Padilla Vaccaro, featured on the cover of CIRM’s recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/2016-annual-report\" target=\"_blank\">annual report\u003c/a>, was born with severe combined immunodeficiency. She had no operating immune system. Some such children have been kept alive in sterile isolation tents for a time — hence the term, “bubble baby” — but most have died from infections within a few years. A lucky few who received matching bone-marrow transplants survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA’s Dr. Donald Kohn, supported by CIRM, cured Evangelina by extracting some of her blood stem cells, altering them to correct the genetic defect, and returning them to her body. She’s now thriving with a robust immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That little girl, and 29 children like her, “are getting immunizations, they’re going to school, they’re swimming in public swimming pools, they’re eating dirt, they’re doing all the things that little kids are supposed to do,” said Steven Peckman, associate director of UCLA’s Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research. “They get sick and their own bodies attack those viruses and bacteria. And they survive. If there’s going to be something that’s called a cure, this is it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That inspiring triumph was partly funded by CIRM, but Kohn’s work took three decades, was well underway long before CIRM existed, and didn’t involve embryonic stem cells — the key gap CIRM was founded to fill. Evangelina was saved by hematopoietic stem cells, the type that NIH has been more focused on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Racing the Clock\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As much as Mills defends the old CIRM, last year he announced “CIRM 2.0” — a drastic shift to speed up clinical trials before the organization’s clock runs out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether Californians are getting good value for their money from CIRM, Mills cited economic gains to the state, then added: “I focus a lot more on the return in relief of human suffering. We’re just starting to lift off the ground on that. I hope in history, in time, the record shows CIRM was a great deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, CIRM has said it will focus in 2017 primarily on clinical trials and work it hopes will lay the foundation for such studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the studies show clear results, Mills said, “I think it will be self-evident that CIRM should be continued” with new funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lott, the state overseer, called CIRM 2.0 long overdue. “They needed to at least create something a little more tangible, more specifically measurable, for the billions of dollars that they’ve allocated,” he said. “But it may be a little too late,” he added, to convince taxpayers that CIRM should get a new infusion of funds, given its governance structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Daley — unbridled in his enthusiasm for CIRM’s work — hesitated when asked if it was a model to emulate, though for a different reason. “I reluctantly endorse it,” he said, “in part because I think it’s another argument that allows the federal government and the NIH to abdicate its responsibility for investments in biomedical research, which benefits us all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, just as President Bush’s policy on stem cells led to CIRM’s creation, the incoming Trump administration might bail out the institute just in time. The president-elect has not weighed in on federal funding, but Representative Tom Price, his nominee for Health and Human Services secretary, has long opposed federal funding of embryonic stem cell research — a view shared by Vice President-elect Mike Pence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Trump administration takes a hostile mind toward embryonic stem cell research, and perhaps some kinds of important fetal research are restricted as well, it may give another source of energy to CIRM,” said Knoepfler. “I don’t think Californians like to be told what we can or cannot do, research-wise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/01/19/california-stem-cell-agency-cirm/\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/322634/time-running-out-california-stem-cell-agency-yet-to-produce-big-results","authors":["byline_futureofyou_322634"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_961","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_680"],"featImg":"futureofyou_188656","label":"source_futureofyou_322634"},"futureofyou_187778":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_187778","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"187778","score":null,"sort":[1466609452000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet","title":"Stem Cells: Where Science, Hope and Hype Meet","publishDate":1466609452,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>When stem cells burst on to the public scene 20 years ago, hand-wringing and excitement in equal measure ensued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists had known about these precursors to different types of cells \u003ca href=\"http://stemcell.childrenshospital.org/about-stem-cells/history/\" target=\"_blank\">since the 19th century\u003c/a>, but it wasn't until 1998, when researchers developed a method to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/282/5391/1145\" target=\"_blank\">derive stem cells from human embryos\u003c/a> and grow them in the laboratory, that the excitement began to build. After discovering that these cells could transform into any kind of specialized cell in the body (a quality called \"pluripotent\"), the research team expressed hope stem cells could be used to aid in drug discovery or replace diseased or damaged tissue.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'People always say, 'You promised us cures, where are they now?'\u003ccite>Kevin McCormack, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, the state's stem cell agency\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The outcry was swift. Though the cells were derived from the unused embryos created for \u003cem>in vitro\u003c/em> fertilization\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>and were donated for research with informed consent, many anti-abortion groups believed using the cells was tantamount to taking human life. With this perspective in mind, President George W. Bush in 2001 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2744932/\" target=\"_blank\">banned federal funding\u003c/a> for any studies using newly created stem cell lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2004, Californians voted to circumvent these federal restrictions, passing Proposition 71, a bond measure that gave the state $3 billion to create a state stem cell research agency, now called the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">California Institute for Regenerative Medicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM's website reflects the early optimism over stem cells, prominently featuring the slogan,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\"Turning stem cells into cures.\" To date, however, none of the research CIRM has funded has resulted in an approved therapy. Currently, the only widely used stem cell-based therapy is for \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant/stem-cell-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\">bone marrow transplantation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Basically, voters were led to believe in California that stem cell therapies were miraculous cures that were right around the corner,\" says David Jensen, a retired newspaper reporter, and prolific blogger who maintains the \u003ca href=\"https://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Stem Cell Report\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. \"But that didn't really reflect scientific reality.\" \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM's Kevin McCormack, director of public communications and patient advocate outreach, agrees that Proposition 71 advertising overpromised. \"That's something [the agency has] had to live with,\" he says. \"People always say, 'You promised us cures, where are they now?' One of the things I try to do is have people's expectations be hopeful, but realistic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"s9GqcNF4iASu8YBnWid9VM8vpABjyCc4\"]CIRM has around $900 million left of its $3 billion initial funding, which McCormack says will last about another five years at the current rate of spending. The agency has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.consumerwatchdog.org/story/stem-cell-researchers-under-pressure-produce\">under pressure\u003c/a> the last several years to streamline the funding and research process. McCormack points to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/our-progress/funding-clinical-trials\" target=\"_blank\">16 clinical trials\u003c/a> the agency is currently funding, and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/newsroom/press-releases/06152016/cirm-creates-first-its-kind-center-accelerate-stem-cell\">stem cell accelerator\u003c/a> project recently announced. CIRM is also in discussion with the FDA, other stem cell organizations and patient advocacy groups to create a better system for regulating and approving therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the frustration many voters feel about CIRM may have more to do with the problematic way researchers, institutional communicators and the media talk about scientific progress in general, and stem cells in particular, than it does with the agency's performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There has always been this high-stakes, extreme rhetoric around stem cells,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.hli.ualberta.ca/People/TimothyCaulfield.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Timothy Caulfield\u003c/a>, who teaches science and health policy at the University of Alberta. Caulfield says because stem cell research was so embattled, many spoke of its promise in hyperbolic terms. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"P\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">eople had to make bold statements about the future of stem cells in order to counteract those that wanted to have strict laws to stop it. So you have to say, 'This is going to save lives. This is going to cure a variety of diseases.' Right from the beginning, the late '90s, you have that language appearing in the popular press.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caulfield, who co-authored an opinion piece in \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/352/6287/776\" target=\"_blank\">Confronting stem cell hype\u003c/a>,\" and who researches the way scientific claims\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>are exaggerated\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>says that even as the debate over the ethics of stem cell research has waned, a hyperbole hangover lingers. \"W\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">e're still seeing all this breakthrough miracle language,\" he says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the scientific establishment are trying to tone things down. In May, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.isscr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">International Society for Stem Cell Research\u003c/a> released updated guidelines for how stem cell science should be conducted, as well as how it should be communicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That effort may be facing long odds. There are systemic problems, Caulfield says, in how research is funded and promoted. He asserts that every step in the process of disseminating scientific information is driven by incentives to make progress sound a little rosier than reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It's really the invisible hand of hype,\" he says. \"\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In most cases these pressures are largely unconscious -- whether you're talking about the media, the researchers, the institutions or the funding agencies.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New and Improved Studies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are of course excited about their work and are under pressure from their institutions to publish. Abstracts (summaries placed at the beginning of research papers) have been shown to frequently feature a little extra oomph in promoting the research that follows. One study found that scientific abstracts containing eye-catching words like \"innovative,\" \"unprecedented,\" and \"robust\" were up \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/cross-check/study-reveals-amazing-surge-in-scientific-hype/\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 900% \u003c/a>in 2014 compared to 1974.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The press releases announcing researchers' findings \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/study-points-to-press-releases-as-sources-of-hype-1.16551\" target=\"_blank\">go even further\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Caulfield says j\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ournalists, for lack of space or time, often leave out critical information like a study's small size, the difference between \u003ca href=\"http://www.stats.org/causation-vs-correlation/\" target=\"_blank\">correlation and causation\u003c/a>, and researchers' conflicts of interest. What results are stripped-down stories omitting important caveats, and that can produce more certainty than merited.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such exaggerations make the stem cell field vulnerable to exploitation. \"Once you move to the market the hype is brought up further,\" says Caulfield. For example, some \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">clinics offer \u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/features/stem-cell-treatments-false-hope-warning-signs\" target=\"_blank\">unproven and even dangerous\u003c/a> stem cell treatments for everything from baldness to Lou Gehrig's disease. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What to do? Patients and health care writers and journalists should cultivate a healthy skepticism, for one. One source for a critical look at reported health studies is the watchdog site \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthnewsreview.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Health News Review\u003c/a>, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthnewsreview.org/review/abc-news-joins-bandwagon-puts-rosy-spin-on-stem-cell-therapy-for-muscular-dystrophy-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">an ABC News story\u003c/a> reporting on stem cell therapy for muscular dystrophy was recently criticized for potentially inducing false hope in those who have the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individuals with this type of serious condition often feel desperate and short on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I get calls every single day from people asking me if we have clinical trials for all manner of different diseases,\" says McCormack at CIRM. \"Today it was a person calling about his mother who has Alzheimer's.\" He notes that CIRM is not currently running any trials for the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"There is this sense of frustration,\" McCormack says. \"They've been hearing about this work for 10 years and, why is it no nearer to being able to help people?\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer is that medical science works best when it proceeds cautiously, he says. And, undeniably, progress is being made in stem cell science, even if it seems slow. A search for \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=%22stem+cells%22&recr=Open&no_unk=Y\" target=\"_blank\">stem cell clinical trials\u003c/a> at ClinicalTrials.gov, for example, brings up 1,545 open trials, which are a necessary precursor to approval by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers like \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohri.ca/profile/mrudnicki\" target=\"_blank\">Michael Rudnicki\u003c/a>, director of the Regenerative Medicine Program and the Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research in Ottawa, believe that an age of new stem cell therapies does lie ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We are starting to see stem cells applications getting into the clinic at an increasingly rapid rate,\" Rudnicki says. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I think we’re at a tipping point, things are simply starting to come of age.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Stem cells were sold to the public as a way to cure the most debilitating of diseases, offering a case study in how scientific progress is often exaggerated.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1475120557,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1345},"headData":{"title":"Stem Cells: Where Science, Hope and Hype Meet | KQED","description":"Stem cells were sold to the public as a way to cure the most debilitating of diseases, offering a case study in how scientific progress is often exaggerated.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Stem Cells: Where Science, Hope and Hype Meet","datePublished":"2016-06-22T15:30:52.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-29T03:42:37.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"187778 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=187778","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/22/stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet/","disqusTitle":"Stem Cells: Where Science, Hope and Hype Meet","source":"Future of You","path":"/futureofyou/187778/stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When stem cells burst on to the public scene 20 years ago, hand-wringing and excitement in equal measure ensued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists had known about these precursors to different types of cells \u003ca href=\"http://stemcell.childrenshospital.org/about-stem-cells/history/\" target=\"_blank\">since the 19th century\u003c/a>, but it wasn't until 1998, when researchers developed a method to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/282/5391/1145\" target=\"_blank\">derive stem cells from human embryos\u003c/a> and grow them in the laboratory, that the excitement began to build. After discovering that these cells could transform into any kind of specialized cell in the body (a quality called \"pluripotent\"), the research team expressed hope stem cells could be used to aid in drug discovery or replace diseased or damaged tissue.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'People always say, 'You promised us cures, where are they now?'\u003ccite>Kevin McCormack, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, the state's stem cell agency\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The outcry was swift. Though the cells were derived from the unused embryos created for \u003cem>in vitro\u003c/em> fertilization\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>and were donated for research with informed consent, many anti-abortion groups believed using the cells was tantamount to taking human life. With this perspective in mind, President George W. Bush in 2001 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2744932/\" target=\"_blank\">banned federal funding\u003c/a> for any studies using newly created stem cell lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2004, Californians voted to circumvent these federal restrictions, passing Proposition 71, a bond measure that gave the state $3 billion to create a state stem cell research agency, now called the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">California Institute for Regenerative Medicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM's website reflects the early optimism over stem cells, prominently featuring the slogan,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\"Turning stem cells into cures.\" To date, however, none of the research CIRM has funded has resulted in an approved therapy. Currently, the only widely used stem cell-based therapy is for \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant/stem-cell-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\">bone marrow transplantation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Basically, voters were led to believe in California that stem cell therapies were miraculous cures that were right around the corner,\" says David Jensen, a retired newspaper reporter, and prolific blogger who maintains the \u003ca href=\"https://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Stem Cell Report\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. \"But that didn't really reflect scientific reality.\" \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM's Kevin McCormack, director of public communications and patient advocate outreach, agrees that Proposition 71 advertising overpromised. \"That's something [the agency has] had to live with,\" he says. \"People always say, 'You promised us cures, where are they now?' One of the things I try to do is have people's expectations be hopeful, but realistic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>CIRM has around $900 million left of its $3 billion initial funding, which McCormack says will last about another five years at the current rate of spending. The agency has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.consumerwatchdog.org/story/stem-cell-researchers-under-pressure-produce\">under pressure\u003c/a> the last several years to streamline the funding and research process. McCormack points to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/our-progress/funding-clinical-trials\" target=\"_blank\">16 clinical trials\u003c/a> the agency is currently funding, and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/newsroom/press-releases/06152016/cirm-creates-first-its-kind-center-accelerate-stem-cell\">stem cell accelerator\u003c/a> project recently announced. CIRM is also in discussion with the FDA, other stem cell organizations and patient advocacy groups to create a better system for regulating and approving therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the frustration many voters feel about CIRM may have more to do with the problematic way researchers, institutional communicators and the media talk about scientific progress in general, and stem cells in particular, than it does with the agency's performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There has always been this high-stakes, extreme rhetoric around stem cells,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.hli.ualberta.ca/People/TimothyCaulfield.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Timothy Caulfield\u003c/a>, who teaches science and health policy at the University of Alberta. Caulfield says because stem cell research was so embattled, many spoke of its promise in hyperbolic terms. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"P\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">eople had to make bold statements about the future of stem cells in order to counteract those that wanted to have strict laws to stop it. So you have to say, 'This is going to save lives. This is going to cure a variety of diseases.' Right from the beginning, the late '90s, you have that language appearing in the popular press.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caulfield, who co-authored an opinion piece in \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/352/6287/776\" target=\"_blank\">Confronting stem cell hype\u003c/a>,\" and who researches the way scientific claims\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>are exaggerated\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>says that even as the debate over the ethics of stem cell research has waned, a hyperbole hangover lingers. \"W\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">e're still seeing all this breakthrough miracle language,\" he says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the scientific establishment are trying to tone things down. In May, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.isscr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">International Society for Stem Cell Research\u003c/a> released updated guidelines for how stem cell science should be conducted, as well as how it should be communicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That effort may be facing long odds. There are systemic problems, Caulfield says, in how research is funded and promoted. He asserts that every step in the process of disseminating scientific information is driven by incentives to make progress sound a little rosier than reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It's really the invisible hand of hype,\" he says. \"\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In most cases these pressures are largely unconscious -- whether you're talking about the media, the researchers, the institutions or the funding agencies.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New and Improved Studies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are of course excited about their work and are under pressure from their institutions to publish. Abstracts (summaries placed at the beginning of research papers) have been shown to frequently feature a little extra oomph in promoting the research that follows. One study found that scientific abstracts containing eye-catching words like \"innovative,\" \"unprecedented,\" and \"robust\" were up \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/cross-check/study-reveals-amazing-surge-in-scientific-hype/\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 900% \u003c/a>in 2014 compared to 1974.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The press releases announcing researchers' findings \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/study-points-to-press-releases-as-sources-of-hype-1.16551\" target=\"_blank\">go even further\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Caulfield says j\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ournalists, for lack of space or time, often leave out critical information like a study's small size, the difference between \u003ca href=\"http://www.stats.org/causation-vs-correlation/\" target=\"_blank\">correlation and causation\u003c/a>, and researchers' conflicts of interest. What results are stripped-down stories omitting important caveats, and that can produce more certainty than merited.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such exaggerations make the stem cell field vulnerable to exploitation. \"Once you move to the market the hype is brought up further,\" says Caulfield. For example, some \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">clinics offer \u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/features/stem-cell-treatments-false-hope-warning-signs\" target=\"_blank\">unproven and even dangerous\u003c/a> stem cell treatments for everything from baldness to Lou Gehrig's disease. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What to do? Patients and health care writers and journalists should cultivate a healthy skepticism, for one. One source for a critical look at reported health studies is the watchdog site \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthnewsreview.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Health News Review\u003c/a>, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthnewsreview.org/review/abc-news-joins-bandwagon-puts-rosy-spin-on-stem-cell-therapy-for-muscular-dystrophy-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">an ABC News story\u003c/a> reporting on stem cell therapy for muscular dystrophy was recently criticized for potentially inducing false hope in those who have the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individuals with this type of serious condition often feel desperate and short on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I get calls every single day from people asking me if we have clinical trials for all manner of different diseases,\" says McCormack at CIRM. \"Today it was a person calling about his mother who has Alzheimer's.\" He notes that CIRM is not currently running any trials for the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"There is this sense of frustration,\" McCormack says. \"They've been hearing about this work for 10 years and, why is it no nearer to being able to help people?\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer is that medical science works best when it proceeds cautiously, he says. And, undeniably, progress is being made in stem cell science, even if it seems slow. A search for \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=%22stem+cells%22&recr=Open&no_unk=Y\" target=\"_blank\">stem cell clinical trials\u003c/a> at ClinicalTrials.gov, for example, brings up 1,545 open trials, which are a necessary precursor to approval by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers like \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohri.ca/profile/mrudnicki\" target=\"_blank\">Michael Rudnicki\u003c/a>, director of the Regenerative Medicine Program and the Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research in Ottawa, believe that an age of new stem cell therapies does lie ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We are starting to see stem cells applications getting into the clinic at an increasingly rapid rate,\" Rudnicki says. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I think we’re at a tipping point, things are simply starting to come of age.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/187778/stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet","authors":["11088"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062"],"tags":["futureofyou_961","futureofyou_962","futureofyou_680"],"featImg":"futureofyou_188656","label":"source_futureofyou_187778"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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