Feeling Blue Around the Holidays? You're Not Alone
Alcoholism May Be Rooted in Your DNA
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Together these two partners created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/permanent/index.php?sGalKey=gtwt&galKey=lt\">Genetics: Technology with a Twist\u003c/a> exhibition.\r\n\r\nYou can also see \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/dr-barry-starr/\">additional posts by Barry at KQED Science\u003c/a>, and read his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/dr-barry-starr/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"geneticsboy","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Dr. Barry Starr | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dr-barry-starr"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"futureofyou_444886":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_444886","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"444886","score":null,"sort":[1539018023000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"you-dont-have-to-pass-out-to-be-blackout-drunk","title":"You Don't Have To Pass Out To Be Blackout Drunk","publishDate":1539018023,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Unless you've been blissfully unplugged, you must have come across the term \"blackout\" lately. And you may have thought it means inebriated to the point of unconsciousness. Falling-down drunk. Blotto.[contextly_sidebar id=\"UNiHL8eB1QjUnbIxSw8VWUrjWiq8mQov\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh appears to think so, based on \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/national/wp/2018/09/27/kavanaugh-hearing-transcript/?utm_term=.953b6f43eb3c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this exchange\u003c/a> last Thursday during his fiery self-defense before the Senate Judiciary Committee:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Have you ever passed out from drinking?\" queried Rachel Mitchell, a sex crimes prosecutor from Phoenix retained by Republicans to ask question at the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Passed out would be — no. But I've gone to sleep. But — but I've never blacked out,\" Kavanaugh replied. \"That's the — allegation, and that — that's wrong.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But that notion of an alcohol-induced blackout is wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A less confusing term might be \"alcohol-induced amnesia.\" It can be total. Hours of experience and events can be totally missing from memory. Or it can be spotty. Either way, it can be hard to impossible for a bystander, or even the inebriated person, to know when it has happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Misunderstanding blackouts has big implications. The phenomenon could reconcile the disconnect between what psychologist Christine Blasey Ford says she remembers so indelibly about an alleged sexual assault by Kavanaugh one summer evening 36 years ago and Kavanaugh's categorical denial that it ever happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand the phenomenon, I talked with Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bu.edu/sph/profile/richard-saitz/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richard Saitz\u003c/a>, chair of Boston University School of Public Health's Department of Community Health Sciences, a veteran researcher of alcohol abuse and an addiction medicine specialist. Our conversation, edited:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There's been recent confusion about alcohol-related blackouts — what they are and what they aren't. What's been your reaction to the use of the term lately?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people confuse the idea of a blackout with someone who's had so much to drink that they are unarousable — they're not awake and they don't know what's going on. That's not at all the case. A blackout is when you don't remember what happened. You can appear to be completely awake. An observer can't tell when someone is in the midst of not forming a memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second common misconception is that having a blackout is characteristic of an alcohol use disorder more commonly called alcoholism — that you only have blackouts if you have an alcohol use disorder. And that's just not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's a curious phenomenon — a very selective kind of temporary memory impairment. What's going on in there?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It involves those parts of the brain that are required to take in what's happening and allow you to remember it later. You might remember it two or three minutes later but not 10 hours later or two days later or ever again, because it didn't get permanently encoded by the brain. It probably happens in the hippocampus and it involves the frontal lobes of the brain as well.[contextly_sidebar id=\"nWd7zNE3xlJLE0K0o8Op2Mrh7FV5jCXX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What touches it off?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you drink a substantial amount quickly, you might experience a blackout. Drinking games would be an example of that because that's the point of the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How common are blackouts?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don't have great epidemiologic data about this. I've seen the prevalence of blackouts ranging anywhere from 10 percent to up to 50 percent of young people who drink. It's fair to say it's not rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does blackout seem to explain, at least potentially, the great divergence we heard last week in the testimony of Ford and Kavanaugh?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's plausible that if he were drinking heavily and rapidly that he might have a blackout. So it's possible he might have no recollection of what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you think when you hear Kavanaugh say, in response to a question about whether he's ever \"passed out from drinking,\" that he's \"gone to sleep, but ... never blacked out\"?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have no knowledge of what Judge Kavanaugh knows about the definition of \"blackout\" versus \"passing out\" versus \"falling asleep after drinking.\" Passed out is not a clinical term and usually people use it to mean that they drank so much that they ended up falling asleep. I'm not sure if he could say that he had a blackout or not. The only way he would know is if somebody later told him that something happened while he was intoxicated and he didn't remember it, and then he believed they were telling the truth. So it's not a particularly easy question to answer unless you know the definition of blackout and your memory has been questioned, or somebody told you about it.[contextly_sidebar id=\"cOFlriGvdakmZZ3kgLOVmpocMiXNOj0A\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ford placed Kavanaugh's companion, Mark Judge, in the room where the alleged assault occurred. If he also was drinking heavily and also had a blackout, neither of them would remember and nobody else would be in a position to call their attention to it.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure. It's conceivable they both could have had a blackout about the same event, although that begins to get a little bit less likely. If there was someone there to say that something happened, that's the only way you could come close to knowing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If you were consulted by the FBI, which is trying to unravel all this, what would you advise them to consider in light of the blackout phenomenon? What should they be alert to?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They need to be aware that it's certainly possible there could have been something that happened that [Kavanaugh] might have no memory of. So if he says something didn't happen and it was supposed to have happened during a heavy drinking episode, then it's possible he has no memory of it. And so therefore they need to find other evidence or ask someone else, because his denial is questionable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would also tell them that it's unlikely, at that age and in that context, that this would have happened only once. It's likely he'd have had a blackout on some other occasion. And so there might be evidence of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It seems as though this whole phenomenon of blackouts is a really big public health issue. Because people may do things in that state, such as committing sexual assault, that they don't feel personally responsible for later.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real problem with blackouts is that you don't remember. And so you can't learn from your behavior unless someone tells you that you did something terrible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shouldn't public health educators and message-makers address blackouts? Don't teens and young adults need to understand more about this phenomenon? That it's not simply a question of moral failure but it's the way the brain acts in some people, in certain situations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You're absolutely right. This is not a moral judgment about whether people are drinking too much or not. This is a toxic biological effect of something that you're taking in that affects your brain in this way and makes it so that you can't remember what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This afternoon our school of public health is having a conversation with students and faculty about sexual assault. So it's a teaching opportunity for that. And more broadly, it's a teaching opportunity around alcohol use and heavy drinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story originally ran on WBUR's \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/commonhealth\">CommonHealth\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 WBUR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org\">WBUR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=You+Don%27t+Have+To+Pass+Out+To+Be+Blackout+Drunk&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Heavy drinking can lead to alcohol-induced amnesia. It can be total or it can be spotty. Either way, it can be difficult for a bystander, or even the inebriated person, to know when it has happened.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1538984706,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1255},"headData":{"title":"You Don't Have To Pass Out To Be Blackout Drunk | KQED","description":"Heavy drinking can lead to alcohol-induced amnesia. It can be total or it can be spotty. Either way, it can be difficult for a bystander, or even the inebriated person, to know when it has happened.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"You Don't Have To Pass Out To Be Blackout Drunk","datePublished":"2018-10-08T17:00:23.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-08T07:45:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"444886 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444886","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/08/you-dont-have-to-pass-out-to-be-blackout-drunk/","disqusTitle":"You Don't Have To Pass Out To Be Blackout Drunk","source":"Health","nprByline":"Richard Knox, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Tom Williams/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"654107109","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=654107109&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/04/654107109/you-dont-have-to-pass-out-to-be-blackout-drunk?ft=nprml&f=654107109","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 04 Oct 2018 13:13:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 04 Oct 2018 10:23:03 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 05 Oct 2018 14:43:28 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/444886/you-dont-have-to-pass-out-to-be-blackout-drunk","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Unless you've been blissfully unplugged, you must have come across the term \"blackout\" lately. And you may have thought it means inebriated to the point of unconsciousness. Falling-down drunk. Blotto.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh appears to think so, based on \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/national/wp/2018/09/27/kavanaugh-hearing-transcript/?utm_term=.953b6f43eb3c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this exchange\u003c/a> last Thursday during his fiery self-defense before the Senate Judiciary Committee:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Have you ever passed out from drinking?\" queried Rachel Mitchell, a sex crimes prosecutor from Phoenix retained by Republicans to ask question at the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Passed out would be — no. But I've gone to sleep. But — but I've never blacked out,\" Kavanaugh replied. \"That's the — allegation, and that — that's wrong.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But that notion of an alcohol-induced blackout is wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A less confusing term might be \"alcohol-induced amnesia.\" It can be total. Hours of experience and events can be totally missing from memory. Or it can be spotty. Either way, it can be hard to impossible for a bystander, or even the inebriated person, to know when it has happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Misunderstanding blackouts has big implications. The phenomenon could reconcile the disconnect between what psychologist Christine Blasey Ford says she remembers so indelibly about an alleged sexual assault by Kavanaugh one summer evening 36 years ago and Kavanaugh's categorical denial that it ever happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand the phenomenon, I talked with Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bu.edu/sph/profile/richard-saitz/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richard Saitz\u003c/a>, chair of Boston University School of Public Health's Department of Community Health Sciences, a veteran researcher of alcohol abuse and an addiction medicine specialist. Our conversation, edited:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There's been recent confusion about alcohol-related blackouts — what they are and what they aren't. What's been your reaction to the use of the term lately?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people confuse the idea of a blackout with someone who's had so much to drink that they are unarousable — they're not awake and they don't know what's going on. That's not at all the case. A blackout is when you don't remember what happened. You can appear to be completely awake. An observer can't tell when someone is in the midst of not forming a memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second common misconception is that having a blackout is characteristic of an alcohol use disorder more commonly called alcoholism — that you only have blackouts if you have an alcohol use disorder. And that's just not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's a curious phenomenon — a very selective kind of temporary memory impairment. What's going on in there?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It involves those parts of the brain that are required to take in what's happening and allow you to remember it later. You might remember it two or three minutes later but not 10 hours later or two days later or ever again, because it didn't get permanently encoded by the brain. It probably happens in the hippocampus and it involves the frontal lobes of the brain as well.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What touches it off?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you drink a substantial amount quickly, you might experience a blackout. Drinking games would be an example of that because that's the point of the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How common are blackouts?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don't have great epidemiologic data about this. I've seen the prevalence of blackouts ranging anywhere from 10 percent to up to 50 percent of young people who drink. It's fair to say it's not rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does blackout seem to explain, at least potentially, the great divergence we heard last week in the testimony of Ford and Kavanaugh?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's plausible that if he were drinking heavily and rapidly that he might have a blackout. So it's possible he might have no recollection of what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you think when you hear Kavanaugh say, in response to a question about whether he's ever \"passed out from drinking,\" that he's \"gone to sleep, but ... never blacked out\"?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have no knowledge of what Judge Kavanaugh knows about the definition of \"blackout\" versus \"passing out\" versus \"falling asleep after drinking.\" Passed out is not a clinical term and usually people use it to mean that they drank so much that they ended up falling asleep. I'm not sure if he could say that he had a blackout or not. The only way he would know is if somebody later told him that something happened while he was intoxicated and he didn't remember it, and then he believed they were telling the truth. So it's not a particularly easy question to answer unless you know the definition of blackout and your memory has been questioned, or somebody told you about it.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ford placed Kavanaugh's companion, Mark Judge, in the room where the alleged assault occurred. If he also was drinking heavily and also had a blackout, neither of them would remember and nobody else would be in a position to call their attention to it.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure. It's conceivable they both could have had a blackout about the same event, although that begins to get a little bit less likely. If there was someone there to say that something happened, that's the only way you could come close to knowing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If you were consulted by the FBI, which is trying to unravel all this, what would you advise them to consider in light of the blackout phenomenon? What should they be alert to?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They need to be aware that it's certainly possible there could have been something that happened that [Kavanaugh] might have no memory of. So if he says something didn't happen and it was supposed to have happened during a heavy drinking episode, then it's possible he has no memory of it. And so therefore they need to find other evidence or ask someone else, because his denial is questionable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would also tell them that it's unlikely, at that age and in that context, that this would have happened only once. It's likely he'd have had a blackout on some other occasion. And so there might be evidence of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It seems as though this whole phenomenon of blackouts is a really big public health issue. Because people may do things in that state, such as committing sexual assault, that they don't feel personally responsible for later.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real problem with blackouts is that you don't remember. And so you can't learn from your behavior unless someone tells you that you did something terrible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shouldn't public health educators and message-makers address blackouts? Don't teens and young adults need to understand more about this phenomenon? That it's not simply a question of moral failure but it's the way the brain acts in some people, in certain situations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You're absolutely right. This is not a moral judgment about whether people are drinking too much or not. This is a toxic biological effect of something that you're taking in that affects your brain in this way and makes it so that you can't remember what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This afternoon our school of public health is having a conversation with students and faculty about sexual assault. So it's a teaching opportunity for that. And more broadly, it's a teaching opportunity around alcohol use and heavy drinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story originally ran on WBUR's \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/commonhealth\">CommonHealth\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 WBUR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org\">WBUR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=You+Don%27t+Have+To+Pass+Out+To+Be+Blackout+Drunk&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/444886/you-dont-have-to-pass-out-to-be-blackout-drunk","authors":["byline_futureofyou_444886"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_727","futureofyou_1620","futureofyou_1621","futureofyou_61"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_444887","label":"source_futureofyou_444886"},"futureofyou_438069":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_438069","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"438069","score":null,"sort":[1514486358000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"feeling-blue-around-the-holidays-youre-not-alone","title":"Feeling Blue Around the Holidays? You're Not Alone","publishDate":1514486358,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>This time of the year brings a lot of changes to the usual day-to-day life of hundreds of millions of people: The weather is colder, trees are naked, snowy days become plentiful and friendly critters are less visible around the neighborhood. Especially in the Western Hemisphere, this time of the year is also linked to a lot of joyous celebrations and traditions. Most children and many adults have been excited for this time of the year to come for months, and they love the aura of celebrations, with their gatherings, gifts, cookies, emails and cards.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">While the holiday blues are most often temporary, it’s important to identify when things have crossed over into clinical depression, which is more severe and longer lasting.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Alas, there are also millions who have to deal with darker emotions as the world literally darkens around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evidence-based-living/201712/what-we-know-about-the-holiday-blues\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">holiday blues\u003c/a> – that feeling of being in a lower or more anxious mood amid the significant change in our environment and the multitude of stressors that the holidays can bring – is a phenomenon that is yet to be researched thoroughly. However, as academic psychiatrists and neuroscience researchers, we have seen how several factors contribute to this experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why feel blue in the red and green season?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many reasons to feel stressed or even downright overwhelmed during this time of year, in addition to the expectations set around us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"2WRTWL17rLowdkqqZ0Ov6Hyxeef7nWVh\"]Memories of holidays past, either fond or sad, can create a sense of loss this time of year. We may find ourselves missing people who are no longer with us, and carrying on the same traditions without them can be a strong reminder of their absence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sense of burden or obligation, both socially or financially, can be significant. We can get caught up in the commercial aspects of gift giving, wanting to find that perfect item for family and friends. Many set their sights on special gifts, and we often can feel stretched thin trying to find a balance between making our loved ones happy and keeping our bank accounts from being in the black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also a time for gathering with those close to us, which can stir up many emotions, both good and bad. Some may find themselves away from or without close connections and end up isolated and withdrawn, further disconnected from others. On the other hand, many people find themselves feeling overwhelmed by the combination of potlucks and Secret Santas stacking up through multiple invitations, be it at school, work, or from friends and family – leaving us with the difficult position of not wanting to disappoint others, while not getting totally depleted by all the constant socializing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Great expectations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"A4J6sCzzeaq033SaQDb2urG0j3Nl9TdB\"]People often feel disappointed when reality does not meet expectations. The larger the mismatch, the worse the negative feelings. One of us (Arash) often finds himself telling his patients: Childhood fairy tales can set an unrealistic bar in our minds about life. I wish we were told more real stories, taking the bad with the good, as we would get hurt less when faced with difficult realities of life, and learn how to especially appreciate our good fortunes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days viewers are showered with Christmas and New Year’s Eve movies, almost all of which sound and feel like fairy tales. People get married, get rich, fall in love or reconnect with their loved ones. Even unhappy events within “A Christmas Carol” conclude with a happy ending. These all, besides exposure to only happy moments and beautiful gifts (courtesy of Santa), dazzling Christmas decorations, and picturesque family scenes on social media, often set an unrealistic expectation for how this time of the year “should” feel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reality is different, though, and at its best is not always as colorful. There may be disagreements about hows, wheres, whats and whos of the celebration, and not all family members, friends and relatives get along well at parties. And as we feel lonelier, we may find ourselves spending more time immersed in TV and social media, leading to more exposure to unrealistic views of the holidays and feeling all the worse about our situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When is blue a red flag?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many experience the more transient “holiday blues” this time of year, it is important not to miss more serious conditions like seasonal mood changes, which in its most severe case leads to clinical depression, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/seasonal-affective-disorder/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seasonal Affective Disorder\u003c/a>. SAD consists of episodes of depression or a worsening of existing depression during the late fall and early winter. The person may feel depressed and hopeless, or they may find it difficult to focus, sleep, or be motivated – they can even feel suicidal. As our emotions can color our thoughts and memories, a depressed person may remember more negative memories, have a more negative perception and interpretation of the events, and feel upset about the holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In such cases, the sadness is “coincident” with the holidays and not caused solely by its circumstances. It is important to seek professional help with SAD, as we have effective treatments available, such as medications and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/light-therapy/about/pac-20384604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">light therapy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What to do to minimize the blues?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Set realistic expectations: One readily available strategy is simply reframing the beliefs we have about what the holidays “should” be like. Not all parties will go perfectly. Some decorations may break, or kids may wake up grumpy or not be exhilarated by their gifts – but it doesn’t have to stop us from enjoying all the good moments.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Set firm boundaries: Too many invitations to social events? Too many financial demands? Set clear limits about what you are able and willing to do, whether that means declining some social events and setting your own limit on spending this year, focusing more on meaningful experiences over expense. This can be spending time with loved ones or getting creative with homemade gifts.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feeling alone? There are many ways to steer clear of isolating this time of year. Reaching out to friends, volunteering at animal shelters, local charities or attending community meetups or religious events can be a great way to stay connected while also bringing happiness to ourselves and others.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Making new memories: Starting a new tradition, either solo or with loved ones, can help create fond new memories of the holidays, no longer overshadowed by the past.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Take care of yourself: It’s important to remember the value of self-care, including eating and drinking in moderation (as alcohol can worsen a depressed mood), exercising (even a short walk), and treating yourself this holiday season by doing something you enjoy.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>While the holiday blues are most often temporary, it’s important to identify when things have crossed over into clinical depression, which is more severe and longer lasting. It also impairs daily functioning. For these symptoms it is often helpful and necessary to seek professional help. This can consist of counseling or use of medications, or both, to help treat symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Linda Saab is an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Wayne State University. Arash Javanbakht is an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Wayne State University. This article was originally published in \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/\">The Conversation\u003c/a> on Nov. 21, 2017. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/what-psychiatrists-have-to-say-about-holiday-blues-89210\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Two psychiatrists explain why people feel blue during this time and share tips for how to take care.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1514585619,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":1234},"headData":{"title":"Feeling Blue Around the Holidays? You're Not Alone | KQED","description":"Two psychiatrists explain why people feel blue during this time and share tips for how to take care.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Feeling Blue Around the Holidays? You're Not Alone","datePublished":"2017-12-28T18:39:18.000Z","dateModified":"2017-12-29T22:13:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"438069 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=438069","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/12/28/feeling-blue-around-the-holidays-youre-not-alone/","disqusTitle":"Feeling Blue Around the Holidays? You're Not Alone","nprByline":"Linda Saab\u003c/br>The Conversation","path":"/futureofyou/438069/feeling-blue-around-the-holidays-youre-not-alone","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This time of the year brings a lot of changes to the usual day-to-day life of hundreds of millions of people: The weather is colder, trees are naked, snowy days become plentiful and friendly critters are less visible around the neighborhood. Especially in the Western Hemisphere, this time of the year is also linked to a lot of joyous celebrations and traditions. Most children and many adults have been excited for this time of the year to come for months, and they love the aura of celebrations, with their gatherings, gifts, cookies, emails and cards.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">While the holiday blues are most often temporary, it’s important to identify when things have crossed over into clinical depression, which is more severe and longer lasting.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Alas, there are also millions who have to deal with darker emotions as the world literally darkens around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evidence-based-living/201712/what-we-know-about-the-holiday-blues\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">holiday blues\u003c/a> – that feeling of being in a lower or more anxious mood amid the significant change in our environment and the multitude of stressors that the holidays can bring – is a phenomenon that is yet to be researched thoroughly. However, as academic psychiatrists and neuroscience researchers, we have seen how several factors contribute to this experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why feel blue in the red and green season?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many reasons to feel stressed or even downright overwhelmed during this time of year, in addition to the expectations set around us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Memories of holidays past, either fond or sad, can create a sense of loss this time of year. We may find ourselves missing people who are no longer with us, and carrying on the same traditions without them can be a strong reminder of their absence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sense of burden or obligation, both socially or financially, can be significant. We can get caught up in the commercial aspects of gift giving, wanting to find that perfect item for family and friends. Many set their sights on special gifts, and we often can feel stretched thin trying to find a balance between making our loved ones happy and keeping our bank accounts from being in the black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also a time for gathering with those close to us, which can stir up many emotions, both good and bad. Some may find themselves away from or without close connections and end up isolated and withdrawn, further disconnected from others. On the other hand, many people find themselves feeling overwhelmed by the combination of potlucks and Secret Santas stacking up through multiple invitations, be it at school, work, or from friends and family – leaving us with the difficult position of not wanting to disappoint others, while not getting totally depleted by all the constant socializing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Great expectations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>People often feel disappointed when reality does not meet expectations. The larger the mismatch, the worse the negative feelings. One of us (Arash) often finds himself telling his patients: Childhood fairy tales can set an unrealistic bar in our minds about life. I wish we were told more real stories, taking the bad with the good, as we would get hurt less when faced with difficult realities of life, and learn how to especially appreciate our good fortunes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days viewers are showered with Christmas and New Year’s Eve movies, almost all of which sound and feel like fairy tales. People get married, get rich, fall in love or reconnect with their loved ones. Even unhappy events within “A Christmas Carol” conclude with a happy ending. These all, besides exposure to only happy moments and beautiful gifts (courtesy of Santa), dazzling Christmas decorations, and picturesque family scenes on social media, often set an unrealistic expectation for how this time of the year “should” feel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reality is different, though, and at its best is not always as colorful. There may be disagreements about hows, wheres, whats and whos of the celebration, and not all family members, friends and relatives get along well at parties. And as we feel lonelier, we may find ourselves spending more time immersed in TV and social media, leading to more exposure to unrealistic views of the holidays and feeling all the worse about our situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When is blue a red flag?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many experience the more transient “holiday blues” this time of year, it is important not to miss more serious conditions like seasonal mood changes, which in its most severe case leads to clinical depression, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/seasonal-affective-disorder/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seasonal Affective Disorder\u003c/a>. SAD consists of episodes of depression or a worsening of existing depression during the late fall and early winter. The person may feel depressed and hopeless, or they may find it difficult to focus, sleep, or be motivated – they can even feel suicidal. As our emotions can color our thoughts and memories, a depressed person may remember more negative memories, have a more negative perception and interpretation of the events, and feel upset about the holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In such cases, the sadness is “coincident” with the holidays and not caused solely by its circumstances. It is important to seek professional help with SAD, as we have effective treatments available, such as medications and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/light-therapy/about/pac-20384604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">light therapy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What to do to minimize the blues?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Set realistic expectations: One readily available strategy is simply reframing the beliefs we have about what the holidays “should” be like. Not all parties will go perfectly. Some decorations may break, or kids may wake up grumpy or not be exhilarated by their gifts – but it doesn’t have to stop us from enjoying all the good moments.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Set firm boundaries: Too many invitations to social events? Too many financial demands? Set clear limits about what you are able and willing to do, whether that means declining some social events and setting your own limit on spending this year, focusing more on meaningful experiences over expense. This can be spending time with loved ones or getting creative with homemade gifts.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feeling alone? There are many ways to steer clear of isolating this time of year. Reaching out to friends, volunteering at animal shelters, local charities or attending community meetups or religious events can be a great way to stay connected while also bringing happiness to ourselves and others.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Making new memories: Starting a new tradition, either solo or with loved ones, can help create fond new memories of the holidays, no longer overshadowed by the past.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Take care of yourself: It’s important to remember the value of self-care, including eating and drinking in moderation (as alcohol can worsen a depressed mood), exercising (even a short walk), and treating yourself this holiday season by doing something you enjoy.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>While the holiday blues are most often temporary, it’s important to identify when things have crossed over into clinical depression, which is more severe and longer lasting. It also impairs daily functioning. For these symptoms it is often helpful and necessary to seek professional help. This can consist of counseling or use of medications, or both, to help treat symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Linda Saab is an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Wayne State University. Arash Javanbakht is an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Wayne State University. This article was originally published in \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/\">The Conversation\u003c/a> on Nov. 21, 2017. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/what-psychiatrists-have-to-say-about-holiday-blues-89210\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/438069/feeling-blue-around-the-holidays-youre-not-alone","authors":["byline_futureofyou_438069"],"categories":["futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_727","futureofyou_592","futureofyou_743","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_1437"],"featImg":"futureofyou_438071","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_101587":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_101587","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"101587","score":null,"sort":[1453836723000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"alcoholism-may-be-rooted-in-your-dna","title":"Alcoholism May Be Rooted in Your DNA","publishDate":1453836723,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":54,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>If you’re one of those people who likes drinking more than everyone else, you might have an excuse: You have lazy genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, at least one lazy gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.uv.es/gicf/4A2_Andres_GICF_17.pdf&prev=search\">new study\u003c/a> out of the University of Valencia in Spain confirms something about Spaniards that scientists have known about Asians for a long time: People with a “lazy” version of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.omim.org/entry/103720\">ADH1B \u003c/a>gene find alcohol more enjoyable than people with a more efficient one.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">How much you drink and how it affects you has something to do with your genetics.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>People of Asian descent who enjoy alcohol more because of their genes \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17718397\">are also more likely to suffer from alcoholism\u003c/a>. A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24735490\">study \u003c/a>confirmed this in British and Irish people, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding could help counselors tailor treatments for people with alcoholism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why It's Lazy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_102957\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-102957\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Breathalyzer.jpg\" alt=\"A lazy gene means alcohol stays in your blood longer. (Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"700\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Breathalyzer.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Breathalyzer-400x229.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lazy gene means alcohol stays in your blood longer. (\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Breathalyzer.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are a couple of different classes of genes that get rid of the alcohol once it gets into your bloodstream. The first set, which includes the ADH1B gene turns alcohol into something called acetaldehyde.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a nasty chemical that can turn your face red, make you sick to your stomach or cause your head to hurt. Our bodies get rid of this chemical using a second gene called ALDH2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have the lazy version of ADH1B, alcohol gets turned into acetaldehyde at a leisurely pace. So leisurely that the second gene, ALDH2, has no trouble getting rid of it. There is no time for it to build up and so you only get the pleasurable effects of alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a different story if your ADH1B gene is a hard worker. In this case it can be so zealous that it converts alcohol into acetaldehyde too quickly for ALDH2 to handle. Now alcohol can be much less pleasurable because all that aldehyde is making you sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why people with the hard working version are less likely to suffer from alcoholism. And of course why people with the lazy version are more likely to keep drinking. They only have a positive physical reaction to drinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Tell if ADH1B Is Lazy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you drink, you probably already know if you have a hardworking ADH1B gene. But if you want to see it in your DNA results, here’s how to do it with a personal genetics test like 23andMe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First search for rs1229984 in the search box. Then click on the link with the same name and up will come the following:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/26/alcoholism-may-be-rooted-in-your-dna/starr-graphic/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-101611\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-101611\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/starr-graphic.png\" alt=\"starr graphic\" width=\"775\" height=\"289\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/starr-graphic.png 775w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/starr-graphic-400x149.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/starr-graphic-768x286.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The C versions are the lazy ones. So if you are CC (like in the image above), both copies of your ADH1B gene are lazy. This gene does nothing to affect your enjoyment of alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have one T, you have one hardworking gene; if you have two Ts, both of your copies are hardworking. You will probably not find alcohol as enjoyable as someone with two C's. But at least you are at a lower risk for alcoholism!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is important to mention that not everyone with a lazy ADH1B gene will suffer from alcoholism. If this were true then most people of European descent would struggle with alcohol as most of them have this version of the gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, having this version just makes you more likely to have trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Than One Gene\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course ADH1B isn't the only gene involved in dealing with alcohol. Other genes, including the ALDH2 are important players too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some of these genes can come in lazy and hardworking copies too. Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/20/a-dangerous-blush/\">here \u003c/a>to learn more about the lazy version of ALDH2 and what having that does to your enjoyment of alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Having a 'lazy gene' can make you want to drink more.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1477271940,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":638},"headData":{"title":"Alcoholism May Be Rooted in Your DNA | KQED","description":"Having a 'lazy gene' can make you want to drink more.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Alcoholism May Be Rooted in Your DNA","datePublished":"2016-01-26T19:32:03.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-24T01:19:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"101587 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=101587","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/26/alcoholism-may-be-rooted-in-your-dna/","disqusTitle":"Alcoholism May Be Rooted in Your DNA","path":"/futureofyou/101587/alcoholism-may-be-rooted-in-your-dna","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’re one of those people who likes drinking more than everyone else, you might have an excuse: You have lazy genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, at least one lazy gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.uv.es/gicf/4A2_Andres_GICF_17.pdf&prev=search\">new study\u003c/a> out of the University of Valencia in Spain confirms something about Spaniards that scientists have known about Asians for a long time: People with a “lazy” version of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.omim.org/entry/103720\">ADH1B \u003c/a>gene find alcohol more enjoyable than people with a more efficient one.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">How much you drink and how it affects you has something to do with your genetics.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>People of Asian descent who enjoy alcohol more because of their genes \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17718397\">are also more likely to suffer from alcoholism\u003c/a>. A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24735490\">study \u003c/a>confirmed this in British and Irish people, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding could help counselors tailor treatments for people with alcoholism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why It's Lazy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_102957\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-102957\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Breathalyzer.jpg\" alt=\"A lazy gene means alcohol stays in your blood longer. (Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"700\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Breathalyzer.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/Breathalyzer-400x229.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lazy gene means alcohol stays in your blood longer. (\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Breathalyzer.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are a couple of different classes of genes that get rid of the alcohol once it gets into your bloodstream. The first set, which includes the ADH1B gene turns alcohol into something called acetaldehyde.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a nasty chemical that can turn your face red, make you sick to your stomach or cause your head to hurt. Our bodies get rid of this chemical using a second gene called ALDH2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have the lazy version of ADH1B, alcohol gets turned into acetaldehyde at a leisurely pace. So leisurely that the second gene, ALDH2, has no trouble getting rid of it. There is no time for it to build up and so you only get the pleasurable effects of alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a different story if your ADH1B gene is a hard worker. In this case it can be so zealous that it converts alcohol into acetaldehyde too quickly for ALDH2 to handle. Now alcohol can be much less pleasurable because all that aldehyde is making you sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why people with the hard working version are less likely to suffer from alcoholism. And of course why people with the lazy version are more likely to keep drinking. They only have a positive physical reaction to drinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Tell if ADH1B Is Lazy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you drink, you probably already know if you have a hardworking ADH1B gene. But if you want to see it in your DNA results, here’s how to do it with a personal genetics test like 23andMe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First search for rs1229984 in the search box. Then click on the link with the same name and up will come the following:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/26/alcoholism-may-be-rooted-in-your-dna/starr-graphic/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-101611\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-101611\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/starr-graphic.png\" alt=\"starr graphic\" width=\"775\" height=\"289\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/starr-graphic.png 775w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/starr-graphic-400x149.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/starr-graphic-768x286.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The C versions are the lazy ones. So if you are CC (like in the image above), both copies of your ADH1B gene are lazy. This gene does nothing to affect your enjoyment of alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have one T, you have one hardworking gene; if you have two Ts, both of your copies are hardworking. You will probably not find alcohol as enjoyable as someone with two C's. But at least you are at a lower risk for alcoholism!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is important to mention that not everyone with a lazy ADH1B gene will suffer from alcoholism. If this were true then most people of European descent would struggle with alcohol as most of them have this version of the gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, having this version just makes you more likely to have trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Than One Gene\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course ADH1B isn't the only gene involved in dealing with alcohol. Other genes, including the ALDH2 are important players too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some of these genes can come in lazy and hardworking copies too. Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/20/a-dangerous-blush/\">here \u003c/a>to learn more about the lazy version of ALDH2 and what having that does to your enjoyment of alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/101587/alcoholism-may-be-rooted-in-your-dna","authors":["6177"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"categories":["futureofyou_1064"],"tags":["futureofyou_727","futureofyou_120","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_728"],"featImg":"futureofyou_101672","label":"futureofyou_54"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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