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She has won several regional Emmy awards, a regional and a national Edward R. Murrow award. The Association for Health Journalists awarded Lesley best beat coverage. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her reporting several times. The Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her ongoing coverage of California's historic drought. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before joining KQED in 2016, she covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, the environment for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for both KUOW and KCTS9 in Seattle. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When not hunched over her laptop Lesley enjoys skiing with her toddler, surfing with her husband or scheming their next globetrotting adventure. Before motherhood she relished dancing tango till sunrise. 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For most of my kids the real problem is what the American Academy of Pediatrics now recognizes as “toxic stress.”[contextly_sidebar id=\"PYT3p5XM48uhTDQbk48cJ0IOP5aQaQuB\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toxic stress affects white kids, black and brown kids, rich, poor, urban, rural … it can affect anyone and it can happen anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, it all boils down to our flight-or-fight response – what happens in our bodies when we experience something scary. But, when activated too often – like with repeated abuse, neglect or parental addiction – it can change the structure and function of children’s developing brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Only 4 percent of pediatricians in the U.S. are screening for toxic stress.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It can affect hormones, the immune system, even the way DNA is read and transcribed. And it dramatically increases the risk of both behavioral and health problems in childhood and in adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But right now, only 4 percent of pediatricians in the U.S. are screening for toxic stress. Most haven’t received any training on how to identify kids who are at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Too many children with behavioral symptoms of toxic stress are being labeled with ADHD and given stimulants without any identification of the root cause. Many kids show no behavioral symptoms at all. Yet they are still more than twice as likely to go on to develop asthma, autoimmune disease, heart disease and cancer – and their life expectancy can be cut short by decades.[contextly_sidebar id=\"XCU75OyFv9SQgCGmJSKjDF77OmW3l8Yr\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 34 million American children have had at least one adverse childhood experience like abuse or neglect — we need every medical professional in this country to be equipped with the right tools for universal screening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When identified early, doctors, educators and caregivers can help reverse the biological effects of childhood trauma. Together, we can give every child a shot at a healthy life.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"When identified early, caregivers can help reverse the biological effects of childhood trauma.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1519931987,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":402},"headData":{"title":"Opinion: Children With Toxic Stress Are Being Misdiagnosed | KQED","description":"When identified early, caregivers can help reverse the biological effects of childhood trauma.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Opinion: Children With Toxic Stress Are Being Misdiagnosed","datePublished":"2018-03-01T19:19:47.000Z","dateModified":"2018-03-01T19:19:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"439851 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439851","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/01/opinion-children-with-toxic-stress-are-being-misdiagnosed/","disqusTitle":"Opinion: Children With Toxic Stress Are Being Misdiagnosed","nprByline":"Dr. Nadine Burke Harris\u003cbr />PBS Health","path":"/futureofyou/439851/opinion-children-with-toxic-stress-are-being-misdiagnosed","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"581\" height=\"326\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/yiglpsqv5ik\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago at my pediatric clinic in San Francisco, teachers, social workers and parents were bringing me child after child with concerns of ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I examined my patients, I noticed that the highest rate of behavioral problems was occurring in the kids whose parents had drug addictions or mental illness, or those who were subject to violence at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I dug into the science, what I found was that for most of these kids, the problem wasn’t run of the mill ADHD. For most of my kids the real problem is what the American Academy of Pediatrics now recognizes as “toxic stress.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toxic stress affects white kids, black and brown kids, rich, poor, urban, rural … it can affect anyone and it can happen anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, it all boils down to our flight-or-fight response – what happens in our bodies when we experience something scary. But, when activated too often – like with repeated abuse, neglect or parental addiction – it can change the structure and function of children’s developing brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Only 4 percent of pediatricians in the U.S. are screening for toxic stress.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It can affect hormones, the immune system, even the way DNA is read and transcribed. And it dramatically increases the risk of both behavioral and health problems in childhood and in adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But right now, only 4 percent of pediatricians in the U.S. are screening for toxic stress. Most haven’t received any training on how to identify kids who are at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Too many children with behavioral symptoms of toxic stress are being labeled with ADHD and given stimulants without any identification of the root cause. Many kids show no behavioral symptoms at all. Yet they are still more than twice as likely to go on to develop asthma, autoimmune disease, heart disease and cancer – and their life expectancy can be cut short by decades.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 34 million American children have had at least one adverse childhood experience like abuse or neglect — we need every medical professional in this country to be equipped with the right tools for universal screening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When identified early, doctors, educators and caregivers can help reverse the biological effects of childhood trauma. Together, we can give every child a shot at a healthy life.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/439851/opinion-children-with-toxic-stress-are-being-misdiagnosed","authors":["byline_futureofyou_439851"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_161","futureofyou_491","futureofyou_141","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_1217","futureofyou_912"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_439854","label":"futureofyou_1093"},"futureofyou_384108":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_384108","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"384108","score":null,"sort":[1494005426000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"to-treat-kids-adhd-some-parents-drop-medication-in-favor-of-diet","title":"Dropping Medication in Favor of Diet to Treat Kids' ADHD","publishDate":1494005426,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Dr. Rebecca Carey admits to being a little embarrassed about what her son, Mark, eats every day. Hamburger patties for breakfast, or bacon. A pack of raisins and a cookie for lunch; a turkey and cheese sandwich “if I’m lucky,” says Carey, but it usually comes back home. His favorite dinner is fish cakes and pasta, but all vegetables remain firmly untouched.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I just felt in my heart of hearts there had to be a better way.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s the kind of diet — low in fruits and vegetables, high in carbs — that a doctor like herself might caution against. But it’s also low in milk, sugar, and artificial food additives — all things Carey believes worsen 10-year-old Mark’s attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, symptoms. Twice a day, in the morning at their home in Newburgh, Ind., and from the school nurse at lunch, he takes a vitamin and mineral supplement, which helps make up for the lack of veggies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been six months on this diet, which Carey researched herself and tested out on Mark, and in that time he has transitioned off his ADHD medication. It wasn’t all smooth sailing; there were fights in the candy section of the grocery store, and Carey struggled to find quick, high-protein breakfasts. “But honestly, I would never go back,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey is not the only one who’s trying this approach. Medication and therapy remain the most effective treatments for ADHD. But driven by concerns about the short- and long-term side effects of psychiatric medications on children, some parents are looking for ways to keep their kids on lower doses of the drugs, or to quit the drugs entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But addressing ADHD symptoms by changing diet can be a minefield. For one thing, while some diet interventions have scientific evidence to back them up, others don’t — and even the ones that do only seem effective for a subset of kids. Diet tweaks are oftentimes pretty harmless to try, but not universally so. And most pediatricians aren’t nearly as familiar with these approaches as they are with conventional medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So amid a lot of confusing and contradictory information on the internet, and a big nutrition knowledge gap in the medical system, parents at their wits’ end are mapping out their own treatment plans through trial and error over the dinner table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medication and Side Effects\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of 2011, the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show, at least 6.4 million children in the US had been diagnosed with ADHD. Only about 6 percent are taking medication for the condition. The vast majority, then, are doing something else — perhaps counseling, or other forms of treatment, or nothing at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One analysis found omega-3 supplements seemed to help with ADHD symptoms.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The most common types of drug used for ADHD are methylphenidate and amphetamine, both stimulants that work on the central nervous system, sold under brand names Ritalin and Adderall. These drugs are considered the most effective ADHD treatment. Less is known, however, about the drugs’ long-term effects. Common side effects include loss of appetite, trouble sleeping, and anxiousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those side effects became a problem for Mark soon after he was first diagnosed with ADHD in kindergarten. At home, he’d always been a sensitive, irritable child, but in the classroom he started having “freakouts,” said Carey: throwing things, hiding under his desk, biting other students. Carey’s pediatrician put Mark through a behavioral test, found he measured high on the ADHD spectrum, and prescribed him behavioral therapy and Concerta, another common brand of methylphenidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey was uncomfortable with the medication from the beginning. It became a constant fight to get Mark to eat; he shedded weight, and couldn’t fall asleep at night. Carey had a “gnawing feeling” that he’d have to always be on the drug. And it wasn’t helping his symptoms — instead, he seemed to be getting worse. After a year, his psychiatrist thought he was showing signs of bipolar disorder, and prescribed medication for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt in my heart of hearts there had to be a better way,” said Carey. As a physician specializing in gastrointestinal disease, Carey had seen diet do tremendous things for her own patients. Mark’s diagnoses got her thinking about nutrition’s role in the brain, and she started to chart her own course of research and experimentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weighing Pros and Cons\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dietary interventions tend to be relatively low-risk — but the evidence base for most of them, in terms of improving ADHD symptoms, is still small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to balance those factors against one another, a group of specialists in child and adolescent psychiatry at Ohio State University in 2011 devised what they call the SECS vs. RUDE test. Looking at the scientific literature surrounding 15 different dietary or nutritional interventions, they asked: Are they Safe, Easy, Cheap, and Sensible; or Risky, Unrealistic, Difficult, and Expensive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SECS doesn’t need as much evidence for someone to try it on an individual basis,” said Dr. L. Eugene Arnold, a physician at Ohio State’s medical center who specializes in childhood ADHD and autism and who coauthored the 2011 study. “You want more evidence before you invest a lot of money or undertake something risky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaying “standard treatment” — medication and behavioral therapy — in favor of alternative approaches can be risky if it means symptoms go untreated, wrote Arnold and coauthors in their review. If a treatment doesn’t work, there is also the loss of family resources, including time and money, to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the things their analysis found that fall under the SECS category are fatty acid supplements, specifically omega-3 supplements, which seem to improve ADHD symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold and coauthors looked at five randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials (the gold standard of clinical research) that tested combinations of fatty acids on ADHD symptoms, in both children and adults. Four had a statistically significant positive effect on symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omega-3 fatty acids, said Arnold, show “small but significant benefits,” and as long as these supplements are low in mercury, it makes sense to try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other interventions, however — like homeopathic and herbal treatments — were both uncertain and potentially risky, the analysis found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A supplement with less evidence, but which still passes the SECS test, is the one that Mark Carey takes. Called EMPowerplus, the supplement contains 36 different vitamins and minerals, and is marketed to help with psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder, ADHD, and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only one of the studies done on the pill was placebo-controlled and double-blinded. It showed a reduction in ADHD symptoms in adults. More research is needed on EMPowerplus and similar broad-spectrum micronutrient supplements before conclusions about their effectiveness can be made, Arnold said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eliminating Additives, Foods\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More difficult interventions tend to be the ones that eliminate whole classes of foods. Elimination diets involve taking foods out of the diet — one of the first iterations of which, for hyperactivity, was the Feingold Diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developed back in the 1970s, the Feingold Diet focused on the link between artificial colors and flavorings and ADHD. Research since then has supported a link. A \u003ca href=\"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.443.1875&rep=rep1&type=pdf\">2004 meta-analysis\u003c/a> of only the gold standard of studies — double-blind and placebo controlled — concluded that artificial food colorings increase hyperactivity in kids with ADHD. And another 2004 \u003ca href=\"http://adc.bmj.com/content/89/6/506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> found that kids even without a hyperactive disorder experience behavioral effects of colorings. Preschoolers given a drink with artificial coloring were rated as more hyperactive by their parents than those given a naturally colored placebo. (The study was blinded, so parents didn’t know which their kids received.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lidy Pelsser, a researcher at the Netherlands ADHD research center, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)62227-1/abstract\">led a trial\u003c/a> in 2009 in which 100 families of children with ADHD were recruited to take part in a five-week “few-foods” experiment. Half were instructed to keep their kids on a healthy diet, and half were instructed to give their children only “turkey, rice, some vegetables, and water — and that’s it,” said Pelsser. Of the 41 families who completed the few-foods diet, 32 responded positively, with 60 to 70 percent improvements on ADHD tests compared to when they’d started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelsser described this approach not as a cure, but as a “diagnostic tool” that is going to have different results depending on the child. If there’s no improvement in behavior after five weeks, “the child is allowed to eat everything again and medication would be appropriate,” she said. If the child improves significantly, then the parents can start adding foods back in slowly and one at a time to figure out which may be triggers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She warned that this approach is “aggravating.” It is low-risk, but also difficult for families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it works, it seems to work really well, said Pelsser, and families are increasingly willing to try. “What I see is more awareness in parents that they do not want to give their medication and they are desperately looking for other ways to help their child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4322780/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2014 review\u003c/a> estimated that a strict elimination diet may have a 10 to 30 percent chance of showing symptom improvements for ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold also pointed out that these approaches don’t have to replace medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that behavioral treatments tend to enhance the effects of medication, so that the patient can respond to a lower dose,” said Arnold. “There’s no reason to believe that wouldn’t work the same way with diet and nutrition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Parents Helping Parents\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although diet is widely promoted by doctors as an important lifestyle factor in managing ADHD, along with exercise, routine, and good sleep habits, the acceptance of diet and nutrition as an effective primary treatment is still very “grassroots” within the medical community, according to Dr. Anna Esparham, a Kansas-based pediatrician and member of the American Academy of Pediatrics’s integrative health unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey recalls a feeling of isolation. “I was so despondent about where Mark was and despondent about the treatment options for him that I felt like I couldn’t be the only one,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in September 2016, she started a support group for other parents like her who felt like they were struggling outside the mainstream. The first meetings were held at her church — “I didn’t want it affiliated with anything, I just wanted to start it in the local community,” she said — but after six months the group had grown large enough and was taking up enough of Carey’s time that she needed help. She brought it to the medical director at St. Mary’s hospital, in Evansville, Ind., where Carey works, and now the hospital hosts the group, which draws about 30 people to its meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each week a different speaker comes to talk about topics that the parents indicated they were interested in in a poll at the beginning — things like vision therapy, curbing screen time, and a behavioral therapy called the “nurtured heart” approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey acknowledges that these things “might not be mainstream or have lots of randomized control trials behind them,” but she figured parents — including herself — deserved to have a place could openly discuss alternatives to the status quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, someday, that place could also be the doctor’s office. Esparham thinks a big part of the reason parents and providers don’t discuss diet interventions for ADHD is a general ignorance of nutrition in the medical field. “A lot of doctors do not know how to give nutritional advice because they didn’t get in school, in residency, in training,” said Esparham.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelsser, the Dutch researcher, thinks it might take more than just education — it might take a perspective shift as well. “In the Netherlands as well as the United States there is a lot of skepticism about the effect of food on ADHD, despite the research,” she said. “I think it’s difficult to accept that things could be different from what we have been thinking all the time. It takes courage to say, well, after all, we may be wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/05/02/diet-nutrition-adhd/\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Medication and therapy remain the most effective treatments for ADHD. But concerns about side effects have prompted some parents to quit the drugs in favor of trial-and-error diets. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1494012345,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":44,"wordCount":2159},"headData":{"title":"Dropping Medication in Favor of Diet to Treat Kids' ADHD | KQED","description":"Medication and therapy remain the most effective treatments for ADHD. But concerns about side effects have prompted some parents to quit the drugs in favor of trial-and-error diets. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Dropping Medication in Favor of Diet to Treat Kids' ADHD","datePublished":"2017-05-05T17:30:26.000Z","dateModified":"2017-05-05T19:25:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"384108 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=384108","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/05/to-treat-kids-adhd-some-parents-drop-medication-in-favor-of-diet/","disqusTitle":"Dropping Medication in Favor of Diet to Treat Kids' ADHD","nprByline":"Colleen Kimmett\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>","path":"/futureofyou/384108/to-treat-kids-adhd-some-parents-drop-medication-in-favor-of-diet","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dr. Rebecca Carey admits to being a little embarrassed about what her son, Mark, eats every day. Hamburger patties for breakfast, or bacon. A pack of raisins and a cookie for lunch; a turkey and cheese sandwich “if I’m lucky,” says Carey, but it usually comes back home. His favorite dinner is fish cakes and pasta, but all vegetables remain firmly untouched.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I just felt in my heart of hearts there had to be a better way.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s the kind of diet — low in fruits and vegetables, high in carbs — that a doctor like herself might caution against. But it’s also low in milk, sugar, and artificial food additives — all things Carey believes worsen 10-year-old Mark’s attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, symptoms. Twice a day, in the morning at their home in Newburgh, Ind., and from the school nurse at lunch, he takes a vitamin and mineral supplement, which helps make up for the lack of veggies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been six months on this diet, which Carey researched herself and tested out on Mark, and in that time he has transitioned off his ADHD medication. It wasn’t all smooth sailing; there were fights in the candy section of the grocery store, and Carey struggled to find quick, high-protein breakfasts. “But honestly, I would never go back,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey is not the only one who’s trying this approach. Medication and therapy remain the most effective treatments for ADHD. But driven by concerns about the short- and long-term side effects of psychiatric medications on children, some parents are looking for ways to keep their kids on lower doses of the drugs, or to quit the drugs entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But addressing ADHD symptoms by changing diet can be a minefield. For one thing, while some diet interventions have scientific evidence to back them up, others don’t — and even the ones that do only seem effective for a subset of kids. Diet tweaks are oftentimes pretty harmless to try, but not universally so. And most pediatricians aren’t nearly as familiar with these approaches as they are with conventional medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So amid a lot of confusing and contradictory information on the internet, and a big nutrition knowledge gap in the medical system, parents at their wits’ end are mapping out their own treatment plans through trial and error over the dinner table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medication and Side Effects\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of 2011, the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show, at least 6.4 million children in the US had been diagnosed with ADHD. Only about 6 percent are taking medication for the condition. The vast majority, then, are doing something else — perhaps counseling, or other forms of treatment, or nothing at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One analysis found omega-3 supplements seemed to help with ADHD symptoms.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The most common types of drug used for ADHD are methylphenidate and amphetamine, both stimulants that work on the central nervous system, sold under brand names Ritalin and Adderall. These drugs are considered the most effective ADHD treatment. Less is known, however, about the drugs’ long-term effects. Common side effects include loss of appetite, trouble sleeping, and anxiousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those side effects became a problem for Mark soon after he was first diagnosed with ADHD in kindergarten. At home, he’d always been a sensitive, irritable child, but in the classroom he started having “freakouts,” said Carey: throwing things, hiding under his desk, biting other students. Carey’s pediatrician put Mark through a behavioral test, found he measured high on the ADHD spectrum, and prescribed him behavioral therapy and Concerta, another common brand of methylphenidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey was uncomfortable with the medication from the beginning. It became a constant fight to get Mark to eat; he shedded weight, and couldn’t fall asleep at night. Carey had a “gnawing feeling” that he’d have to always be on the drug. And it wasn’t helping his symptoms — instead, he seemed to be getting worse. After a year, his psychiatrist thought he was showing signs of bipolar disorder, and prescribed medication for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt in my heart of hearts there had to be a better way,” said Carey. As a physician specializing in gastrointestinal disease, Carey had seen diet do tremendous things for her own patients. Mark’s diagnoses got her thinking about nutrition’s role in the brain, and she started to chart her own course of research and experimentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weighing Pros and Cons\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dietary interventions tend to be relatively low-risk — but the evidence base for most of them, in terms of improving ADHD symptoms, is still small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to balance those factors against one another, a group of specialists in child and adolescent psychiatry at Ohio State University in 2011 devised what they call the SECS vs. RUDE test. Looking at the scientific literature surrounding 15 different dietary or nutritional interventions, they asked: Are they Safe, Easy, Cheap, and Sensible; or Risky, Unrealistic, Difficult, and Expensive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SECS doesn’t need as much evidence for someone to try it on an individual basis,” said Dr. L. Eugene Arnold, a physician at Ohio State’s medical center who specializes in childhood ADHD and autism and who coauthored the 2011 study. “You want more evidence before you invest a lot of money or undertake something risky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaying “standard treatment” — medication and behavioral therapy — in favor of alternative approaches can be risky if it means symptoms go untreated, wrote Arnold and coauthors in their review. If a treatment doesn’t work, there is also the loss of family resources, including time and money, to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the things their analysis found that fall under the SECS category are fatty acid supplements, specifically omega-3 supplements, which seem to improve ADHD symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold and coauthors looked at five randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials (the gold standard of clinical research) that tested combinations of fatty acids on ADHD symptoms, in both children and adults. Four had a statistically significant positive effect on symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omega-3 fatty acids, said Arnold, show “small but significant benefits,” and as long as these supplements are low in mercury, it makes sense to try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other interventions, however — like homeopathic and herbal treatments — were both uncertain and potentially risky, the analysis found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A supplement with less evidence, but which still passes the SECS test, is the one that Mark Carey takes. Called EMPowerplus, the supplement contains 36 different vitamins and minerals, and is marketed to help with psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder, ADHD, and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only one of the studies done on the pill was placebo-controlled and double-blinded. It showed a reduction in ADHD symptoms in adults. More research is needed on EMPowerplus and similar broad-spectrum micronutrient supplements before conclusions about their effectiveness can be made, Arnold said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eliminating Additives, Foods\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More difficult interventions tend to be the ones that eliminate whole classes of foods. Elimination diets involve taking foods out of the diet — one of the first iterations of which, for hyperactivity, was the Feingold Diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developed back in the 1970s, the Feingold Diet focused on the link between artificial colors and flavorings and ADHD. Research since then has supported a link. A \u003ca href=\"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.443.1875&rep=rep1&type=pdf\">2004 meta-analysis\u003c/a> of only the gold standard of studies — double-blind and placebo controlled — concluded that artificial food colorings increase hyperactivity in kids with ADHD. And another 2004 \u003ca href=\"http://adc.bmj.com/content/89/6/506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> found that kids even without a hyperactive disorder experience behavioral effects of colorings. Preschoolers given a drink with artificial coloring were rated as more hyperactive by their parents than those given a naturally colored placebo. (The study was blinded, so parents didn’t know which their kids received.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lidy Pelsser, a researcher at the Netherlands ADHD research center, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)62227-1/abstract\">led a trial\u003c/a> in 2009 in which 100 families of children with ADHD were recruited to take part in a five-week “few-foods” experiment. Half were instructed to keep their kids on a healthy diet, and half were instructed to give their children only “turkey, rice, some vegetables, and water — and that’s it,” said Pelsser. Of the 41 families who completed the few-foods diet, 32 responded positively, with 60 to 70 percent improvements on ADHD tests compared to when they’d started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelsser described this approach not as a cure, but as a “diagnostic tool” that is going to have different results depending on the child. If there’s no improvement in behavior after five weeks, “the child is allowed to eat everything again and medication would be appropriate,” she said. If the child improves significantly, then the parents can start adding foods back in slowly and one at a time to figure out which may be triggers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She warned that this approach is “aggravating.” It is low-risk, but also difficult for families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it works, it seems to work really well, said Pelsser, and families are increasingly willing to try. “What I see is more awareness in parents that they do not want to give their medication and they are desperately looking for other ways to help their child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4322780/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2014 review\u003c/a> estimated that a strict elimination diet may have a 10 to 30 percent chance of showing symptom improvements for ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold also pointed out that these approaches don’t have to replace medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that behavioral treatments tend to enhance the effects of medication, so that the patient can respond to a lower dose,” said Arnold. “There’s no reason to believe that wouldn’t work the same way with diet and nutrition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Parents Helping Parents\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although diet is widely promoted by doctors as an important lifestyle factor in managing ADHD, along with exercise, routine, and good sleep habits, the acceptance of diet and nutrition as an effective primary treatment is still very “grassroots” within the medical community, according to Dr. Anna Esparham, a Kansas-based pediatrician and member of the American Academy of Pediatrics’s integrative health unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey recalls a feeling of isolation. “I was so despondent about where Mark was and despondent about the treatment options for him that I felt like I couldn’t be the only one,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in September 2016, she started a support group for other parents like her who felt like they were struggling outside the mainstream. The first meetings were held at her church — “I didn’t want it affiliated with anything, I just wanted to start it in the local community,” she said — but after six months the group had grown large enough and was taking up enough of Carey’s time that she needed help. She brought it to the medical director at St. Mary’s hospital, in Evansville, Ind., where Carey works, and now the hospital hosts the group, which draws about 30 people to its meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each week a different speaker comes to talk about topics that the parents indicated they were interested in in a poll at the beginning — things like vision therapy, curbing screen time, and a behavioral therapy called the “nurtured heart” approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey acknowledges that these things “might not be mainstream or have lots of randomized control trials behind them,” but she figured parents — including herself — deserved to have a place could openly discuss alternatives to the status quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, someday, that place could also be the doctor’s office. Esparham thinks a big part of the reason parents and providers don’t discuss diet interventions for ADHD is a general ignorance of nutrition in the medical field. “A lot of doctors do not know how to give nutritional advice because they didn’t get in school, in residency, in training,” said Esparham.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelsser, the Dutch researcher, thinks it might take more than just education — it might take a perspective shift as well. “In the Netherlands as well as the United States there is a lot of skepticism about the effect of food on ADHD, despite the research,” she said. “I think it’s difficult to accept that things could be different from what we have been thinking all the time. It takes courage to say, well, after all, we may be wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/05/02/diet-nutrition-adhd/\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/384108/to-treat-kids-adhd-some-parents-drop-medication-in-favor-of-diet","authors":["byline_futureofyou_384108"],"categories":["futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_161","futureofyou_597"],"featImg":"futureofyou_385356","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_366169":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_366169","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"366169","score":null,"sort":[1491494448000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"this-video-game-helped-some-kids-overcome-attention-problems","title":"This Video Game Helped Some Kids Overcome Attention Problems","publishDate":1491494448,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Katherine Stevenson was 8 when she joined a UCSF study to test the effects of a video game on kids like her with \u003ca href=\"https://www.spdstar.org/basic/about-spd\" target=\"_blank\">sensory processing dysfunction\u003c/a>, or SPD, a collection of symptoms where the brain has trouble filtering incoming information -- like sounds and instructions -- in organized, focused ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine is a happy, outgoing child with a high overall IQ, but her cognitive speed (relating to response and performance) is low in comparison to her critical thinking. Her main challenge is an auditory processing disorder that makes it hard for her to screen out certain sounds, because she hears them all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded,\" says her mom, Kori Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded.'\u003ccite>Parent Kori Stevenson on her daughter's sensory processing dysfunction, or SPD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study, spearheaded in 2014 by two Department of Neurology professors, brought Katherine and 62 other elementary school kids (38 with SPD and 25 with typical development patterns) into a lab where an EEG machine tracked their brain activity while they followed computer prompts designed to measure their ability to focus and multitask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the real work began. The kids brought home iPads loaded with a special software designed to target and improve problems with thinking, reacting, and performing tasks. Twice a day, five days a week for a month, the kids spent 30 minutes maneuvering a cartoonish 3-D figure along a moving pathway without hitting the walls -- tilting, swiping and jabbing the iPad as the game made all kinds of sounds and other potential distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were times that it was really hard to for her,\" says Stevenson. \"There were some days when she breezed through and other days, she was in tears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the month was over, and the kids were retested, Katherine's performance had improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Her ability to focus was a little bit better. And she wasn’t as fatigued at the end of the day. Her ability to multitask improved,\" says Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine's experience was not unique. The UCSF study, \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0172616\" target=\"_blank\">published \u003c/a>Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE, showed that while the iPad home training program benefited all the kids who participated to some extent, the results were even better for seven children (including Katherine), a subset of the 38 SPD children with symptoms of ADHD. This group dramatically overcame these issues, at least temporarily, after just a month of video play. Nine months later, those children had so improved (based on their parents' feedback) that they would no longer meet the clinical standard for symptoms of ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Underserved Group\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video games designed for kids with ADHD have received the most press. But for this study, UCSF Neurology professors Joaquin Anguera and Elyse Marco wanted to focus on an underserved group that doesn't get as much attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some brain training studies specifically target people with ADHD with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/21/a-tech-start-up-making-a-play-for-billions-in-adhd-drug-market.html\">gaming products\u003c/a> -- a market ripe for profit, if it can be shown that such products really work. But \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/joaquin.anguera\">Anguera\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://anp.ucsf.edu/aboutus/faculty/emarco\">Marco\u003c/a> wanted to work with children with sensory processing dysfunction, a group Marco got to know through her pediatric clinical practice at UCSF. If you're not familiar with SPD, you're not alone. The disorder is thought to affect 5 percent of all U.S. children, but it's a poorly studied group. Symptoms vary widely, from children like Katherine Stevenson with auditory processing issues to something closer to autism spectrum disorder and ADHD. As such, it is often misdiagnosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_366979\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-366979\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software.\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-768x541.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-960x677.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-240x169.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-375x264.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-520x366.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO.jpg 1084w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software. \u003ccite>(Akili Interactive Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The results\u003cem> \u003c/em>of the UCSF study challenge the notion that prolonged exposure to video games, iPads and other interactive technology turns toddlers into strung-out youngsters with an \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/adhd/adhd-associated-video-game-addiction\">ADHD-like inability to focus on tasks\u003c/a> and get things done to completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A preponderance of studies suggest that all that screen time \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/19/502610055/heavy-screen-time-rewires-young-brains-for-better-and-worse\">\u003cem>does\u003c/em> re-wire the brain\u003c/a>. But that may not be a bad thing -- especially for kids like Katherine, who can benefit from learning how to focus on a single goal-based task and block out any other distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable,\" says Anguera, lead author of the study. The results showed some parallels to his\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005416\"> much-publicized 2013 \u003c/a>study where a different 3-D video game called Neuroracer trained seniors to multitask better than a group of 20-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beyond the Hype\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the new study only included 63 kids, it was meant as more of a proof of concept experiment than a study meant to offer clinical conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cognitive scientists bristle at suggestions that any of the newfangled cognitive training programs on the market can work for everyone. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cogmed.com/who-is-cogmed-for\">Cogmed \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.lumosity.com/\">Lumosity\u003c/a>, for example, target both children and adults with claims of improving attention and processing speed. The most common word experts use to describe them is \"exaggerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Laura Carstensen, founding director of the \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Center on Longevity\u003c/a>, is one of the skeptics. “Can you improve your brain so that it’s faster, more adept, more vital?,\" she told KQED in 2010. \"That’s what the claims are, and I don’t think there’s really any evidence for that.\" In 2014, 73 experts signed an open letter (since taken offline) \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/23/brain-games-memory-loss-open-letter\">warning about\u003c/a> companies exploiting consumers with such claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera is the first to agree. \"You have all these problematic 'brain training' things, and it's fraught with snake oil,\" he says. \"There haven’t been very many studies that have shown any kind of difference, that it does work.\" [contextly_sidebar id=\"8fVx8JR3VjF4j4i929dImiQCARfor4l2\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main takeaway from this study, according to Anguera, is how well it demonstrates the need for personalized assessment before offering kids the brain-training programs of tomorrow. One size does not fit all; look at the fact that only a small subset of the study participants with SPD -- the cohort of SPD kids with hyperactivity or attention struggles -- showed long-term benefit from the video game training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really gives us a perspective. If you’re going to use these types of technologies to improve people's attention, you need to be putting thought into it. Not everyone needs the same type of intervention, and the same types of intervention won't work for everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, Anguera has confidence that the improvements his team observed were genuine, based on the fact that they were assessed with three different metrics: behavioral testing in the lab, parent surveys, and the use of EEG devices to measure brain waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera's team was particularly intrigued to watch a part of the pre-frontal lobe \"light up\" during EEG scans. It's the part of the brain that drives goal-directed activities, and researchers saw how much more responsive it became after kids had spent a month playing with the iPad. Scientists suspect that in kids with ADHD-like symptoms, the cognitive circuits at the front of the brain are not firing at the right time or they’re not firing enough, according to Anguera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers don't know exactly how, but it appears that \"pushing\" on, or repeatedly using, these circuits of attention strengthens them, like bicep training at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s very few of these cognitive training studies – maybe none – that show a signature that correlates with behavior on some test of attention and shows what’s happening,\" says Anguera. \"That's what makes this unique.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable.'\u003ccite>Dr. Joaquin Anguera, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study used an iPad game called Project: EVO. In 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://www.akiliinteractive.com/\">Akili Interactive Labs\u003c/a>, the software developer, used it to \u003ca href=\"https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/video-game-is-built-to-be-prescribed-to-children-with-a-d-h-d/?_r=0\">measure the effects on a small group of children\u003c/a> with ADHD and a control group. The study found that, after playing the game five days a week for a month, the children with ADHD showed significant improvement and the control group did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akili Interactive is now \u003ca href=\"http://nationaladhdstudy.com/\">testing their software \u003c/a>on hundreds of ADHD children at 13 study sites across the U.S. and aims to be first FDA-approved ADHD videogame\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/10/430149726/will-doctors-soon-be-prescribing-video-games-for-mental-health\"> doctors prescribe to parents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"UCSF researchers tested software on children who have trouble focusing and processing sensory information.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1491589557,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1409},"headData":{"title":"This Video Game Helped Some Kids Overcome Attention Problems | KQED","description":"UCSF researchers tested software on children who have trouble focusing and processing sensory information.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"This Video Game Helped Some Kids Overcome Attention Problems","datePublished":"2017-04-06T16:00:48.000Z","dateModified":"2017-04-07T18:25:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"366169 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=366169","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/04/06/this-video-game-helped-some-kids-overcome-attention-problems/","disqusTitle":"This Video Game Helped Some Kids Overcome Attention Problems","source":"KQED Future of You","path":"/futureofyou/366169/this-video-game-helped-some-kids-overcome-attention-problems","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Katherine Stevenson was 8 when she joined a UCSF study to test the effects of a video game on kids like her with \u003ca href=\"https://www.spdstar.org/basic/about-spd\" target=\"_blank\">sensory processing dysfunction\u003c/a>, or SPD, a collection of symptoms where the brain has trouble filtering incoming information -- like sounds and instructions -- in organized, focused ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine is a happy, outgoing child with a high overall IQ, but her cognitive speed (relating to response and performance) is low in comparison to her critical thinking. Her main challenge is an auditory processing disorder that makes it hard for her to screen out certain sounds, because she hears them all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded,\" says her mom, Kori Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s almost like having a 500 horsepower engine that gets flooded.'\u003ccite>Parent Kori Stevenson on her daughter's sensory processing dysfunction, or SPD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study, spearheaded in 2014 by two Department of Neurology professors, brought Katherine and 62 other elementary school kids (38 with SPD and 25 with typical development patterns) into a lab where an EEG machine tracked their brain activity while they followed computer prompts designed to measure their ability to focus and multitask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the real work began. The kids brought home iPads loaded with a special software designed to target and improve problems with thinking, reacting, and performing tasks. Twice a day, five days a week for a month, the kids spent 30 minutes maneuvering a cartoonish 3-D figure along a moving pathway without hitting the walls -- tilting, swiping and jabbing the iPad as the game made all kinds of sounds and other potential distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were times that it was really hard to for her,\" says Stevenson. \"There were some days when she breezed through and other days, she was in tears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the month was over, and the kids were retested, Katherine's performance had improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Her ability to focus was a little bit better. And she wasn’t as fatigued at the end of the day. Her ability to multitask improved,\" says Stevenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine's experience was not unique. The UCSF study, \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0172616\" target=\"_blank\">published \u003c/a>Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE, showed that while the iPad home training program benefited all the kids who participated to some extent, the results were even better for seven children (including Katherine), a subset of the 38 SPD children with symptoms of ADHD. This group dramatically overcame these issues, at least temporarily, after just a month of video play. Nine months later, those children had so improved (based on their parents' feedback) that they would no longer meet the clinical standard for symptoms of ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Underserved Group\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video games designed for kids with ADHD have received the most press. But for this study, UCSF Neurology professors Joaquin Anguera and Elyse Marco wanted to focus on an underserved group that doesn't get as much attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some brain training studies specifically target people with ADHD with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/21/a-tech-start-up-making-a-play-for-billions-in-adhd-drug-market.html\">gaming products\u003c/a> -- a market ripe for profit, if it can be shown that such products really work. But \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/joaquin.anguera\">Anguera\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://anp.ucsf.edu/aboutus/faculty/emarco\">Marco\u003c/a> wanted to work with children with sensory processing dysfunction, a group Marco got to know through her pediatric clinical practice at UCSF. If you're not familiar with SPD, you're not alone. The disorder is thought to affect 5 percent of all U.S. children, but it's a poorly studied group. Symptoms vary widely, from children like Katherine Stevenson with auditory processing issues to something closer to autism spectrum disorder and ADHD. As such, it is often misdiagnosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_366979\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-366979\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software.\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-800x564.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-768x541.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-960x677.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-240x169.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-375x264.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO-520x366.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Project-EVO.jpg 1084w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child plays with Project: EVO, a video game software. \u003ccite>(Akili Interactive Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The results\u003cem> \u003c/em>of the UCSF study challenge the notion that prolonged exposure to video games, iPads and other interactive technology turns toddlers into strung-out youngsters with an \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/adhd/adhd-associated-video-game-addiction\">ADHD-like inability to focus on tasks\u003c/a> and get things done to completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A preponderance of studies suggest that all that screen time \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/19/502610055/heavy-screen-time-rewires-young-brains-for-better-and-worse\">\u003cem>does\u003c/em> re-wire the brain\u003c/a>. But that may not be a bad thing -- especially for kids like Katherine, who can benefit from learning how to focus on a single goal-based task and block out any other distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable,\" says Anguera, lead author of the study. The results showed some parallels to his\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005416\"> much-publicized 2013 \u003c/a>study where a different 3-D video game called Neuroracer trained seniors to multitask better than a group of 20-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beyond the Hype\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the new study only included 63 kids, it was meant as more of a proof of concept experiment than a study meant to offer clinical conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cognitive scientists bristle at suggestions that any of the newfangled cognitive training programs on the market can work for everyone. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cogmed.com/who-is-cogmed-for\">Cogmed \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.lumosity.com/\">Lumosity\u003c/a>, for example, target both children and adults with claims of improving attention and processing speed. The most common word experts use to describe them is \"exaggerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Laura Carstensen, founding director of the \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Center on Longevity\u003c/a>, is one of the skeptics. “Can you improve your brain so that it’s faster, more adept, more vital?,\" she told KQED in 2010. \"That’s what the claims are, and I don’t think there’s really any evidence for that.\" In 2014, 73 experts signed an open letter (since taken offline) \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/23/brain-games-memory-loss-open-letter\">warning about\u003c/a> companies exploiting consumers with such claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera is the first to agree. \"You have all these problematic 'brain training' things, and it's fraught with snake oil,\" he says. \"There haven’t been very many studies that have shown any kind of difference, that it does work.\" \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main takeaway from this study, according to Anguera, is how well it demonstrates the need for personalized assessment before offering kids the brain-training programs of tomorrow. One size does not fit all; look at the fact that only a small subset of the study participants with SPD -- the cohort of SPD kids with hyperactivity or attention struggles -- showed long-term benefit from the video game training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really gives us a perspective. If you’re going to use these types of technologies to improve people's attention, you need to be putting thought into it. Not everyone needs the same type of intervention, and the same types of intervention won't work for everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, Anguera has confidence that the improvements his team observed were genuine, based on the fact that they were assessed with three different metrics: behavioral testing in the lab, parent surveys, and the use of EEG devices to measure brain waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anguera's team was particularly intrigued to watch a part of the pre-frontal lobe \"light up\" during EEG scans. It's the part of the brain that drives goal-directed activities, and researchers saw how much more responsive it became after kids had spent a month playing with the iPad. Scientists suspect that in kids with ADHD-like symptoms, the cognitive circuits at the front of the brain are not firing at the right time or they’re not firing enough, according to Anguera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers don't know exactly how, but it appears that \"pushing\" on, or repeatedly using, these circuits of attention strengthens them, like bicep training at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s very few of these cognitive training studies – maybe none – that show a signature that correlates with behavior on some test of attention and shows what’s happening,\" says Anguera. \"That's what makes this unique.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The fact that these parents reported persistent amounts of improvement for nine months – I think that’s really remarkable.'\u003ccite>Dr. Joaquin Anguera, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study used an iPad game called Project: EVO. In 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://www.akiliinteractive.com/\">Akili Interactive Labs\u003c/a>, the software developer, used it to \u003ca href=\"https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/video-game-is-built-to-be-prescribed-to-children-with-a-d-h-d/?_r=0\">measure the effects on a small group of children\u003c/a> with ADHD and a control group. The study found that, after playing the game five days a week for a month, the children with ADHD showed significant improvement and the control group did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akili Interactive is now \u003ca href=\"http://nationaladhdstudy.com/\">testing their software \u003c/a>on hundreds of ADHD children at 13 study sites across the U.S. and aims to be first FDA-approved ADHD videogame\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/10/430149726/will-doctors-soon-be-prescribing-video-games-for-mental-health\"> doctors prescribe to parents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/366169/this-video-game-helped-some-kids-overcome-attention-problems","authors":["8664"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_73","futureofyou_1061"],"tags":["futureofyou_161","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_59","futureofyou_1237","futureofyou_1236","futureofyou_113","futureofyou_162"],"collections":["futureofyou_1096"],"featImg":"futureofyou_366987","label":"source_futureofyou_366169"},"futureofyou_318247":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_318247","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"318247","score":null,"sort":[1484578858000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-music-channeled-the-mad-genius-of-great-composers","title":"How Music Helped Heal the Great Composers","publishDate":1484578858,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":54,"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Many famous composers may have fended off madness through music. Robert Schumann, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Ludwig van Beethoven all suffered from psychiatric illness, but they were also some of the most talented legends of all time. There is a long history of mental illness in poets, performers and artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I’m convinced that a modern day psychiatrist examining [Gershwin] would give him a diagnosis of conduct disorder and might diagnose him with ADHD.'\u003ccite>Dr. Richard Kogan, clinical psychiatrist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Dr. Richard Kogan, a clinical psychiatrist at Weill Cornell Medical Center and a renowned concert pianist, has studied the biographies of many musicians to better understand how mental instability ignited creative genius, and how their passion healed internal chaos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kogan recently spoke at the \u003ca href=\"http://tedmed.com/\" target=\"_blank\">TEDMED\u003c/a> conference in Palm Springs. He opened his talk with the story of George Gershwin as an anxious young boy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lessons From 'Rhapsody in Blue'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“George Gershwin exhibited enormous behavioral problems,” explains Kogan. “He was involved in fistfights and he set fires. He had trouble in school. He was inattentive. He couldn't sit still in the classroom. I'm convinced that a modern day psychiatrist examining him would give him a diagnosis of conduct disorder and might diagnose him with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), and might have started him on one of the psycho-stimulant medications like Adderall or Ritalin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gershwin was not medicated, because ADHD drugs didn't exist in the early years of the 20th century. Instead, according to Kogan, it was music that eventually taught him how to focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Gershwin heard the sounds of a violin at the age of 10, his wild mind was utterly transfixed. On the spot, the young boy decided to devote his life to the study of music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Music provided a sense of order for Gershwin,” says Kogan. “Even though he retained the hyperactivity for the rest of his life, he no longer had impulse control problems or attention deficit problems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gershwin listened to the world differently from most people. Many of his masterpieces were inspired by simple chaotic sounds. On a train ride from New York to Boston, the click-clack of the train along the tracks inspired the construction of \"Rhapsody in Blue.\" The sounds of Parisian taxi horns were foundational to the rhythm of \"American in Paris.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think his exposure to music unlocked something that none of his early school teachers or anybody in his family saw, which was that he had extraordinary creative potential,” says Kogan. “And music was the way it was expressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Roots of Music and Medicine\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22169917\" target=\"_blank\">Research\u003c/a> highlights how music used to play a much more integral role in healing. Kogan points back to the Greek god Apollo, who was recognized as both the deity of music and medicine. In primitive cultures, shamans served as both musician\u003cem> and\u003c/em> physician. During the Middle Ages, convents within the Catholic Church offered healing through music. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/jun/25/chant-a-healing-art/\" target=\"_blank\">health benefits\u003c/a> of chanting in many cultures have been studied. But over time, the scientific approach to medicine has helped dissolve the relationship between music and healing. Kogan hopes that changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are researchers who are doing impressive work now in demonstrating scientifically exactly what music does,\" Kogan says about groundbreaking work in neuroscience. \"And I think when the results are in I predict there's going to be an explosion in the use of music as a modality of healing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Mania Ignites Inspiration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are features of elevated moods associated with mental illness that are conducive to creativity. For example, when individuals with bipolar disorder are in a hypomanic state, they experience increased energy, playful imagination and a decreased need for sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kogan explains how music helped Beethoven fend off suicidal tendencies in the video below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PDNhzfcNJqQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"st\">Frédéric François Chopin, the Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy, which caused dark hallucinations of phantoms and corpses. These images likely contributed to his famed funeral march, Piano Sonata No. 2. \u003c/span>Kogan shares Chopin's story in the video below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/3XmmXKqx-Sc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Kogan cautions against the tendency to over-romanticize psychiatric illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Individuals may be reluctant to comply with treatment recommendations because they don't want to give up the creative highs associated with their mania,” says Kogan. “Unfortunately, that mind state tends to be unstable and often rather destructive. Plus, most people who are depressed are too paralyzed to write a symphony. Most people who are psychotic are too disorganized to put together anything coherent. So I think the best clinicians appreciate the potential advantages of mental illness and try to work with it to ultimately enhance creativity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what many musical legends did without the use of pharmacology. For George Gershwin the creative realm not only provided relief, it made him better than well.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A clinical psychiatrist has studied the biographies of many mentally unstable musical legends to better understand how music can help heal the mind. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1484854682,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":824},"headData":{"title":"How Music Helped Heal the Great Composers | KQED","description":"A clinical psychiatrist has studied the biographies of many mentally unstable musical legends to better understand how music can help heal the mind. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Music Helped Heal the Great Composers","datePublished":"2017-01-16T15:00:58.000Z","dateModified":"2017-01-19T19:38:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"318247 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=318247","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/16/how-music-channeled-the-mad-genius-of-great-composers/","disqusTitle":"How Music Helped Heal the Great Composers","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/01/WEBMusicAsMedicineMcClurg170116.mp3","customPermalink":"2017/01/16/How-Music-Helped-Heal-the-Great-Composers/","path":"/futureofyou/318247/how-music-channeled-the-mad-genius-of-great-composers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many famous composers may have fended off madness through music. Robert Schumann, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Ludwig van Beethoven all suffered from psychiatric illness, but they were also some of the most talented legends of all time. There is a long history of mental illness in poets, performers and artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I’m convinced that a modern day psychiatrist examining [Gershwin] would give him a diagnosis of conduct disorder and might diagnose him with ADHD.'\u003ccite>Dr. Richard Kogan, clinical psychiatrist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Dr. Richard Kogan, a clinical psychiatrist at Weill Cornell Medical Center and a renowned concert pianist, has studied the biographies of many musicians to better understand how mental instability ignited creative genius, and how their passion healed internal chaos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kogan recently spoke at the \u003ca href=\"http://tedmed.com/\" target=\"_blank\">TEDMED\u003c/a> conference in Palm Springs. He opened his talk with the story of George Gershwin as an anxious young boy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lessons From 'Rhapsody in Blue'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“George Gershwin exhibited enormous behavioral problems,” explains Kogan. “He was involved in fistfights and he set fires. He had trouble in school. He was inattentive. He couldn't sit still in the classroom. I'm convinced that a modern day psychiatrist examining him would give him a diagnosis of conduct disorder and might diagnose him with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), and might have started him on one of the psycho-stimulant medications like Adderall or Ritalin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gershwin was not medicated, because ADHD drugs didn't exist in the early years of the 20th century. Instead, according to Kogan, it was music that eventually taught him how to focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Gershwin heard the sounds of a violin at the age of 10, his wild mind was utterly transfixed. On the spot, the young boy decided to devote his life to the study of music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Music provided a sense of order for Gershwin,” says Kogan. “Even though he retained the hyperactivity for the rest of his life, he no longer had impulse control problems or attention deficit problems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gershwin listened to the world differently from most people. Many of his masterpieces were inspired by simple chaotic sounds. On a train ride from New York to Boston, the click-clack of the train along the tracks inspired the construction of \"Rhapsody in Blue.\" The sounds of Parisian taxi horns were foundational to the rhythm of \"American in Paris.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think his exposure to music unlocked something that none of his early school teachers or anybody in his family saw, which was that he had extraordinary creative potential,” says Kogan. “And music was the way it was expressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Roots of Music and Medicine\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22169917\" target=\"_blank\">Research\u003c/a> highlights how music used to play a much more integral role in healing. Kogan points back to the Greek god Apollo, who was recognized as both the deity of music and medicine. In primitive cultures, shamans served as both musician\u003cem> and\u003c/em> physician. During the Middle Ages, convents within the Catholic Church offered healing through music. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/jun/25/chant-a-healing-art/\" target=\"_blank\">health benefits\u003c/a> of chanting in many cultures have been studied. But over time, the scientific approach to medicine has helped dissolve the relationship between music and healing. Kogan hopes that changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are researchers who are doing impressive work now in demonstrating scientifically exactly what music does,\" Kogan says about groundbreaking work in neuroscience. \"And I think when the results are in I predict there's going to be an explosion in the use of music as a modality of healing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Mania Ignites Inspiration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are features of elevated moods associated with mental illness that are conducive to creativity. For example, when individuals with bipolar disorder are in a hypomanic state, they experience increased energy, playful imagination and a decreased need for sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kogan explains how music helped Beethoven fend off suicidal tendencies in the video below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PDNhzfcNJqQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"st\">Frédéric François Chopin, the Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy, which caused dark hallucinations of phantoms and corpses. These images likely contributed to his famed funeral march, Piano Sonata No. 2. \u003c/span>Kogan shares Chopin's story in the video below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/3XmmXKqx-Sc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Kogan cautions against the tendency to over-romanticize psychiatric illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Individuals may be reluctant to comply with treatment recommendations because they don't want to give up the creative highs associated with their mania,” says Kogan. “Unfortunately, that mind state tends to be unstable and often rather destructive. Plus, most people who are depressed are too paralyzed to write a symphony. Most people who are psychotic are too disorganized to put together anything coherent. So I think the best clinicians appreciate the potential advantages of mental illness and try to work with it to ultimately enhance creativity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what many musical legends did without the use of pharmacology. For George Gershwin the creative realm not only provided relief, it made him better than well.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/318247/how-music-channeled-the-mad-genius-of-great-composers","authors":["11229"],"programs":["futureofyou_54"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_161","futureofyou_1146","futureofyou_1162","futureofyou_656"],"featImg":"futureofyou_318248","label":"futureofyou_54"},"futureofyou_1254":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_1254","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"1254","score":null,"sort":[1428325237000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"play-this-video-game-and-call-me-in-the-morning","title":"Play This Video Game and Call Me in the Morning","publishDate":1428325237,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150406science.mp3\u003cbr>\nI’m driving through a frozen world, where the roads are paved in ice. As I swerve left to avoid a mini iceberg, a red fish flashes at the top of my screen. I’m supposed to tap all the red fish that pop up, but not the green fish or the blue birds. And I have to do this without crashing the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doing one thing at a time is easy, but doing them both at the same time is where the magic happens!” says the omnipresent gamemeister– an unidentifiable animal with an unidentifiable accent wearing a white doctor’s coat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The better I do at tagging the red fish and ignoring the green ones, the more excited the doctor on screen gets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A-mazing!” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I get better at the game, my brain is being trained to ignore distractions and stay focused in real life. Or at least that’s the hypothesis of the neuroscientists who designed the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brain network that controls multitasking connects with networks that control memory and attention span. So by playing the game, some \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/03/06/new-ucsf-lab-studies-how-video-games-affect-our-brains/\">scientists believe\u003c/a> you can improve cognitive skills, and by extension, relieve a range of symptoms associated with attention deficit disorder, and other conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“There will definitely come a time when games are part of the overall treatment plan,” \u003ccite>Willis Gee, Cigna \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been through eight or nine completed clinical trials, in all cognitive disorders: ADHD, autism, depression,” says Matt Omernick, the executive creative director at Akili, the start-up in Larkspur that is developing the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As consumers download \u003ca href=\"http://gamesforhealth.org/\">mobile health games\u003c/a> at booming rates, Omernick and his team are taking a very different approach to their Silicon Valley counterparts in bringing their game to market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most start-ups have opted to market and sell their mobile weight loss games and diabetes trackers directly to consumers, Akili has decided to pursue the long, expensive, risky path of clinical trials through the Food and Drug Administration. If successful, their game would be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time those three letters were uttered in a group setting everyone’s like, ‘Oooh, that’s scary, do we want to do that?’” recalls Omernick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If start-ups sidestep the FDA and sell directly to consumers, they can bring a game to market in six months. For Akili, it will take four years to get their game, Project Evo, through the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the start-up believes that will pay off. If the FDA gives its stamp of approval, doctors could prescribe the game. And that opens the door for insurance companies to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1263 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-800x600.png\" alt=\"Screen shot from the frozen world of Project: Evo. The game could be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA. (Courtesy Akili)\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-800x600.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-400x300.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-768x576.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-320x240.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1.png 1003w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The frozen world of Project: Evo. The game could be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA. (Courtesy Akili) \u003ccite>(Akili )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There will definitely come a time when games are part of the overall treatment plan,” says Willis Gee, Director of IT Strategy and Innovation at Cigna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health reform and the technology revolution have changed the competitive landscape for health insurance companies. Gee says they have to be more responsive to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tell us what they want,” he says, “and if we can’t satisfy that, they’ll go somewhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what consumers want are games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gee says Cigna believes the explosive popularity in games could be harnessed to educate patients about medical issues and motive them to be more proactive about their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think of an individual’s willingness to play Candy Crush or Angry Birds, they’re willing to do that,” he says. “It’s a very different approach, but it’s one that integrates into the lifestyle of individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We had to look at ourselves and ask, okay are we really going to try to change medicine?”\u003ccite> Matt Omernick, Akili \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Omernick and his team believe the clinical results of Project Evo could have a profound effect on the health care system. They’re hoping the trials show that the game is so effective at improving attention span and other cognitive skills, that it may reduce, or even replace, the pills that kids need to take for ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to look at ourselves and ask, okay are we really going to try to change medicine, yes or no. And the answer was yes,” Omernick says. “And so you have to be as serious as you can about FDA approval and regulation across the board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmaceutical companies are also keeping a close eye on the process. Pfizer is partnering with Akili on one of its clinical trials looking at Alzheimers diagnosis. Though the FDA approval process is grueling by gaming industry standards, it's a cakewalk compared to the time biotech companies invest in drug development. It takes most drugs ten years to get through the FDA process and could cost half a billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it could fail at the last step,” says Adam Gazzaley, a neuroscientist at the University of California-San Francisco and the creator of the prototype that became Project Evo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley says he is cautiously optimistic about how Project Evo will fare in FDA clinical trials. \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/monitor/2014/02/video-game.aspx\">Research on other video games\u003c/a> for health has yielded mixed results – and inspired much internal debate among scientists. Some say the only thing these games make you better at is the game itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley’s research is seen as an exception in scientific communities. He tested his prototype of Project Evo on older adults and found that they showed measurable improvement on standard cognitive tests for working memory and focus – and the effects lasted six months after they stopped playing the game. That research was published in \u003ca href=\"http://gazzaleylab.ucsf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Anguera_Nature_2013-Video-game-training-enhances-cognitive-control-in-older-adults.pdf\">Nature in 2013\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinical trials that Project Evo has undertaken to support its FDA application will determine if those results can be replicated for different age groups and to treat specific cognitive conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trials will also investigate if there are negative side effects of the game. It’s another concern raised by critics, that people sometimes get so hooked on games, they can’t stop playing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s true,” Gazzaley says. “We built these games to be highly engaging and immersive and some people respond to that type of interactivity with an addictive response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley says the scientists working on Project Evo are looking at ways to manage such negative side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The game locks out after a certain period of time. You play it for 20 minutes, and you can’t play it for another 24 hours,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley is watching closely to see what happens with the clinical trials for Project Evo. If it is approved by the FDA, he has another four games in development that he hopes will be next.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Neuroscientists hope their video game will be the first approved by the FDA","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1428339555,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1195},"headData":{"title":"Play This Video Game and Call Me in the Morning | KQED","description":"Neuroscientists hope their video game will be the first approved by the FDA","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Play This Video Game and Call Me in the Morning","datePublished":"2015-04-06T13:00:37.000Z","dateModified":"2015-04-06T16:59:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"1254 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=1254","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/04/06/play-this-video-game-and-call-me-in-the-morning/","disqusTitle":"Play This Video Game and Call Me in the Morning","path":"/futureofyou/1254/play-this-video-game-and-call-me-in-the-morning","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150406science.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/04/20150406science.mp3\u003cbr>\nI’m driving through a frozen world, where the roads are paved in ice. As I swerve left to avoid a mini iceberg, a red fish flashes at the top of my screen. I’m supposed to tap all the red fish that pop up, but not the green fish or the blue birds. And I have to do this without crashing the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doing one thing at a time is easy, but doing them both at the same time is where the magic happens!” says the omnipresent gamemeister– an unidentifiable animal with an unidentifiable accent wearing a white doctor’s coat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The better I do at tagging the red fish and ignoring the green ones, the more excited the doctor on screen gets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A-mazing!” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I get better at the game, my brain is being trained to ignore distractions and stay focused in real life. Or at least that’s the hypothesis of the neuroscientists who designed the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brain network that controls multitasking connects with networks that control memory and attention span. So by playing the game, some \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/03/06/new-ucsf-lab-studies-how-video-games-affect-our-brains/\">scientists believe\u003c/a> you can improve cognitive skills, and by extension, relieve a range of symptoms associated with attention deficit disorder, and other conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“There will definitely come a time when games are part of the overall treatment plan,” \u003ccite>Willis Gee, Cigna \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been through eight or nine completed clinical trials, in all cognitive disorders: ADHD, autism, depression,” says Matt Omernick, the executive creative director at Akili, the start-up in Larkspur that is developing the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As consumers download \u003ca href=\"http://gamesforhealth.org/\">mobile health games\u003c/a> at booming rates, Omernick and his team are taking a very different approach to their Silicon Valley counterparts in bringing their game to market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most start-ups have opted to market and sell their mobile weight loss games and diabetes trackers directly to consumers, Akili has decided to pursue the long, expensive, risky path of clinical trials through the Food and Drug Administration. If successful, their game would be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first time those three letters were uttered in a group setting everyone’s like, ‘Oooh, that’s scary, do we want to do that?’” recalls Omernick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If start-ups sidestep the FDA and sell directly to consumers, they can bring a game to market in six months. For Akili, it will take four years to get their game, Project Evo, through the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the start-up believes that will pay off. If the FDA gives its stamp of approval, doctors could prescribe the game. And that opens the door for insurance companies to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-1263 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-800x600.png\" alt=\"Screen shot from the frozen world of Project: Evo. The game could be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA. (Courtesy Akili)\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-800x600.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-400x300.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-768x576.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1-320x240.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/04/Health-games_1.png 1003w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The frozen world of Project: Evo. The game could be the first to be approved for medical use by the FDA. (Courtesy Akili) \u003ccite>(Akili )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There will definitely come a time when games are part of the overall treatment plan,” says Willis Gee, Director of IT Strategy and Innovation at Cigna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health reform and the technology revolution have changed the competitive landscape for health insurance companies. Gee says they have to be more responsive to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tell us what they want,” he says, “and if we can’t satisfy that, they’ll go somewhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what consumers want are games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gee says Cigna believes the explosive popularity in games could be harnessed to educate patients about medical issues and motive them to be more proactive about their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think of an individual’s willingness to play Candy Crush or Angry Birds, they’re willing to do that,” he says. “It’s a very different approach, but it’s one that integrates into the lifestyle of individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We had to look at ourselves and ask, okay are we really going to try to change medicine?”\u003ccite> Matt Omernick, Akili \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Omernick and his team believe the clinical results of Project Evo could have a profound effect on the health care system. They’re hoping the trials show that the game is so effective at improving attention span and other cognitive skills, that it may reduce, or even replace, the pills that kids need to take for ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to look at ourselves and ask, okay are we really going to try to change medicine, yes or no. And the answer was yes,” Omernick says. “And so you have to be as serious as you can about FDA approval and regulation across the board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmaceutical companies are also keeping a close eye on the process. Pfizer is partnering with Akili on one of its clinical trials looking at Alzheimers diagnosis. Though the FDA approval process is grueling by gaming industry standards, it's a cakewalk compared to the time biotech companies invest in drug development. It takes most drugs ten years to get through the FDA process and could cost half a billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it could fail at the last step,” says Adam Gazzaley, a neuroscientist at the University of California-San Francisco and the creator of the prototype that became Project Evo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley says he is cautiously optimistic about how Project Evo will fare in FDA clinical trials. \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/monitor/2014/02/video-game.aspx\">Research on other video games\u003c/a> for health has yielded mixed results – and inspired much internal debate among scientists. Some say the only thing these games make you better at is the game itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley’s research is seen as an exception in scientific communities. He tested his prototype of Project Evo on older adults and found that they showed measurable improvement on standard cognitive tests for working memory and focus – and the effects lasted six months after they stopped playing the game. That research was published in \u003ca href=\"http://gazzaleylab.ucsf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Anguera_Nature_2013-Video-game-training-enhances-cognitive-control-in-older-adults.pdf\">Nature in 2013\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinical trials that Project Evo has undertaken to support its FDA application will determine if those results can be replicated for different age groups and to treat specific cognitive conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trials will also investigate if there are negative side effects of the game. It’s another concern raised by critics, that people sometimes get so hooked on games, they can’t stop playing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s true,” Gazzaley says. “We built these games to be highly engaging and immersive and some people respond to that type of interactivity with an addictive response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley says the scientists working on Project Evo are looking at ways to manage such negative side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The game locks out after a certain period of time. You play it for 20 minutes, and you can’t play it for another 24 hours,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley is watching closely to see what happens with the clinical trials for Project Evo. If it is approved by the FDA, he has another four games in development that he hopes will be next.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/1254/play-this-video-game-and-call-me-in-the-morning","authors":["3205"],"categories":["futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_161","futureofyou_38","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_162","futureofyou_163"],"featImg":"futureofyou_1264","label":"futureofyou"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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