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An Interview With CNBC's Christina Farr","publishDate":1545263282,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>We like to check in every once in awhile on the world of digital health, an area full of promise \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/438782/digital-medicine-may-have-just-hit-the-trough-of-disillusionment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">but not, thus far, overbrimming with results\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/437796/what-are-digital-healths-biggest-successes-and-disappointments-cnbcs-chrissy-farr-weighs-in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">exceptions\u003c/a>, however, and as we did last year at this time, we're turning to San Francisco-based CNBC journalist\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/christina-farr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Christina Farr, \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>who breaks a lot of health tech stories, to clue us in on her beat. This year we asked her what were the really big stories she covered in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are some highlights from our talk, in Christina's own words. The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Digital Health: It's a Thing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a really big year in digital health, particularly where large tech companies are concerned: Apple, Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Samsung...\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'As [big] tech companies attempt to become trillion-dollar or greater businesses, they need something more than just their core competencies. And you can't ignore health care; it's just too big.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>John Doerr, the venture capitalist who is a big health investor, recounted at the Forbes Healthcare Summit how internet companies in the '90s aimed to disrupt the advertising space, which back then was based mostly on television advertising. Those companies thought they could do a better job because there was really no way at that time to measure and track the performance of ads in real time. So they took on this industry, which is now worth about $75 billion in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By comparison the health care opportunity is $3.5 trillion in America alone. As these tech companies attempt to become trillion-dollar or greater businesses, they need something more than just their core competencies. And you can't ignore health care; it's just too big.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here Comes Amazon ...\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/28/amazon-to-acquire-online-pharmacy-pillpack.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acquisition\u003c/a> of online pharmacy PillPack in June was a very big story. The announcement really marked them as a player, and the market response -- billions of dollars were knocked off some of these pharmacy stocks -- showed how much of a threat Amazon could be. It's also a very good deal for PillPack and probably showed the digital health community that those sorts of exits are possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_437838\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 589px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-437838\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/chrissyfarrphoto1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"589\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/chrissyfarrphoto1.png 589w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/chrissyfarrphoto1-160x116.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/chrissyfarrphoto1-240x174.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/chrissyfarrphoto1-375x272.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/chrissyfarrphoto1-520x378.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 589px) 100vw, 589px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CNBC's Chrissy Farr. \u003ccite>(CNBC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Around the same time, Amazon also \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/14/amazon-explored-medical-diagnostics-was-in-talks-to-buy-confer-health.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looked at Confer Health\u003c/a>, a company in the at-home medical diagnostic space. That's interesting, because it speaks to a strategy that goes deeper than just drug delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where Amazon could potentially go is this: Imagine you're experiencing symptoms for strep throat, and you \u003ca href=\"https://thenextweb.com/artificial-intelligence/2018/10/15/amazons-new-patent-will-allow-alexa-to-detect-your-illness/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">talk to your Amazon Alexa device\u003c/a>, and there's an AI system, or a real physician, even, that speaks to you and recommends you get tested. A courier comes to your home with a portable device from which you run a sample and you get a result immediately. Or from there the same physician ships you a prescription. And that could all be done in a couple hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or imagine an elderly person who potentially has the flu and might have to go to a physical clinic, and then from there bring a prescription to a Walgreens. That is an annoying user experience but also think about how many people they could infect with the flu on the way to the clinic and pharmacy. So I think there could be some basic things Amazon can do with diagnosing illness in the home. And if they can do that coupled with prescription drug delivery, that's a very \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/17/amazon-vision-future-health-care.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">different experience of health care\u003c/a> than we've seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>...and Apple\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole Apple health care rollout was big, and I would probably pinpoint the electro-cardiogram\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/video/2018/12/05/apple-watch-ecg-sensor-review.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> being introduced on the Apple Watch\u003c/a> as the biggest story from what they've done this year. It got Apple into a more regulated medical device space; I don't know if they are now a medical device company, but they're certainly a consumer tech company that makes medical products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an important story because it sort of changed the game around proactive health monitoring. They were looking specifically for people who didn't even know they have a type of arrhythmia called atrial fibrillation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's controversial, as there are doctors who think this is bad news, because it's going to lead to a lot of anxious people thinking there's something wrong when there isn't. I've been hearing from physicians who already have patients with normal results reach out and ask, ‘Hey, does this look right?’ Doctors are already overloaded and don't want to be managing an influx of healthy people. So Apple's got to really make sure the false positive rate isn't too high, and they need to be transparent about what this ECG means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I think this is probably the beginning of what Apple's overall strategy is when it comes to bringing health monitoring to the watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>... and, uh, Facebook? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This year even Facebook was trying to get into digital health. At one point it hired some people in the medical community to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/05/facebook-building-8-explored-data-sharing-agreement-with-hospitals.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">approach top hospitals\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> about a patient data-sharing agreement. Facebook wanted to see if it could match up the health system's user data with its own data to see if patients might need special care\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. That seemed to be have fallen apart out of general fears of data privacy surrounding the company.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.cnbc.com/p/gZWlPC/cnbc_global?playertype=synd&byGuid=7000011603&size=530_298\" width=\"530\" height=\"298\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Real Money' for Digital Health Startup \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmaceutical giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/15/roche-buying-flatiron-health-backed-by-alphabet.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Roche bought Flatiron Health\u003c/a> in February for just over $2 billion. I think that was a big deal because it was a pharmaceutical company spending real money on a digital health startup. I think it shows that there can be real successes in the space. It's also a thumbs-up for precision medicine; Flatiron was basically creating a medical record system that was popular with oncologists, and then using data to figure out better treatments for those patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watson Stumbles, or: \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P18EdAKuC1U\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Health Care Ain't 'Jeopardy'\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In talking with folks familiar with the IBM Watson strategy, I think where they may have gone wrong is in building this AI system that was \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/09/05/watson-ibm-cancer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trained using top U.S. oncologists\u003c/a>, and then they tried to sell it to other big cancer centers. So if you're an oncologist at one of these other places, why wouldn't you just say, \"Well, I'm as good as these physicians at Memorial Sloan Kettering?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I think they tried to sell into the wrong market because they thought they could get these really big contracts, and what they probably should have done is figured out a much cheaper system that they could have sold to smaller health systems; you can see why some of these local offices and physicians who don't have the same resources as Sloan Kettering would find it beneficial to get information on what Sloan Kettering would do in any given situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's the Outcomes, Stupid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a long time you didn't really see digital health companies invest in outcomes, because I think they wanted to be viewed more as technology companies. But there were a few -- Livongo, Omada Health, Propeller Health -- that were always sort of forward-leaning and did do that investment from the outset, and I think those companies are the ones that are doing better now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Propeller Health was \u003ca href=\"https://www.jsonline.com/story/money/business/health-care/2018/12/03/propeller-health-madison-acquired-225-million/2192097002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sold\u003c/a> this year to ResMed, for instance. I think it was because it had that focus on outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That model is especially important for the influx of companies trying to sell into the employer space, because in order to tell the difference between them, there has been a lot of questioning around: \"Is this actually making my population healthier? Is it really going to save me money?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general I think the companies that are coming up this year have kind of learned from the mistakes of some of their predecessors and are positioning themselves with a bit more humility, and in many cases doing the right thing. They don't describe themselves, when pitching potential customers, as startups. They take themselves more seriously now, and they want to be viewed as new health care companies and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It just speaks to a general sort of growing-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The tech journalist discusses where the digital health industry is headed after a year in which Big Tech made some Big investments.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1545332340,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1389},"headData":{"title":"What Were the Year's Biggest Digital Health Stories? An Interview With CNBC's Christina Farr | KQED","description":"The tech journalist discusses where the digital health industry is headed after a year in which Big Tech made some Big investments.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"445929 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445929","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/12/19/what-were-2018s-biggest-digital-health-stories-an-interview-with-cnbcs-christina-farr/","disqusTitle":"What Were the Year's Biggest Digital Health Stories? An Interview With CNBC's Christina Farr","source":"Digital Health","path":"/futureofyou/445929/what-were-2018s-biggest-digital-health-stories-an-interview-with-cnbcs-christina-farr","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We like to check in every once in awhile on the world of digital health, an area full of promise \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/438782/digital-medicine-may-have-just-hit-the-trough-of-disillusionment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">but not, thus far, overbrimming with results\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/437796/what-are-digital-healths-biggest-successes-and-disappointments-cnbcs-chrissy-farr-weighs-in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">exceptions\u003c/a>, however, and as we did last year at this time, we're turning to San Francisco-based CNBC journalist\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/christina-farr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Christina Farr, \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>who breaks a lot of health tech stories, to clue us in on her beat. This year we asked her what were the really big stories she covered in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are some highlights from our talk, in Christina's own words. The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Digital Health: It's a Thing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a really big year in digital health, particularly where large tech companies are concerned: Apple, Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Samsung...\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'As [big] tech companies attempt to become trillion-dollar or greater businesses, they need something more than just their core competencies. And you can't ignore health care; it's just too big.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>John Doerr, the venture capitalist who is a big health investor, recounted at the Forbes Healthcare Summit how internet companies in the '90s aimed to disrupt the advertising space, which back then was based mostly on television advertising. Those companies thought they could do a better job because there was really no way at that time to measure and track the performance of ads in real time. So they took on this industry, which is now worth about $75 billion in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By comparison the health care opportunity is $3.5 trillion in America alone. As these tech companies attempt to become trillion-dollar or greater businesses, they need something more than just their core competencies. And you can't ignore health care; it's just too big.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here Comes Amazon ...\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/28/amazon-to-acquire-online-pharmacy-pillpack.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acquisition\u003c/a> of online pharmacy PillPack in June was a very big story. The announcement really marked them as a player, and the market response -- billions of dollars were knocked off some of these pharmacy stocks -- showed how much of a threat Amazon could be. It's also a very good deal for PillPack and probably showed the digital health community that those sorts of exits are possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_437838\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 589px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-437838\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/chrissyfarrphoto1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"589\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/chrissyfarrphoto1.png 589w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/chrissyfarrphoto1-160x116.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/chrissyfarrphoto1-240x174.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/chrissyfarrphoto1-375x272.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/chrissyfarrphoto1-520x378.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 589px) 100vw, 589px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CNBC's Chrissy Farr. \u003ccite>(CNBC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Around the same time, Amazon also \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/14/amazon-explored-medical-diagnostics-was-in-talks-to-buy-confer-health.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looked at Confer Health\u003c/a>, a company in the at-home medical diagnostic space. That's interesting, because it speaks to a strategy that goes deeper than just drug delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where Amazon could potentially go is this: Imagine you're experiencing symptoms for strep throat, and you \u003ca href=\"https://thenextweb.com/artificial-intelligence/2018/10/15/amazons-new-patent-will-allow-alexa-to-detect-your-illness/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">talk to your Amazon Alexa device\u003c/a>, and there's an AI system, or a real physician, even, that speaks to you and recommends you get tested. A courier comes to your home with a portable device from which you run a sample and you get a result immediately. Or from there the same physician ships you a prescription. And that could all be done in a couple hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or imagine an elderly person who potentially has the flu and might have to go to a physical clinic, and then from there bring a prescription to a Walgreens. That is an annoying user experience but also think about how many people they could infect with the flu on the way to the clinic and pharmacy. So I think there could be some basic things Amazon can do with diagnosing illness in the home. And if they can do that coupled with prescription drug delivery, that's a very \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/17/amazon-vision-future-health-care.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">different experience of health care\u003c/a> than we've seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>...and Apple\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole Apple health care rollout was big, and I would probably pinpoint the electro-cardiogram\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/video/2018/12/05/apple-watch-ecg-sensor-review.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> being introduced on the Apple Watch\u003c/a> as the biggest story from what they've done this year. It got Apple into a more regulated medical device space; I don't know if they are now a medical device company, but they're certainly a consumer tech company that makes medical products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an important story because it sort of changed the game around proactive health monitoring. They were looking specifically for people who didn't even know they have a type of arrhythmia called atrial fibrillation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's controversial, as there are doctors who think this is bad news, because it's going to lead to a lot of anxious people thinking there's something wrong when there isn't. I've been hearing from physicians who already have patients with normal results reach out and ask, ‘Hey, does this look right?’ Doctors are already overloaded and don't want to be managing an influx of healthy people. So Apple's got to really make sure the false positive rate isn't too high, and they need to be transparent about what this ECG means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I think this is probably the beginning of what Apple's overall strategy is when it comes to bringing health monitoring to the watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>... and, uh, Facebook? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This year even Facebook was trying to get into digital health. At one point it hired some people in the medical community to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/05/facebook-building-8-explored-data-sharing-agreement-with-hospitals.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">approach top hospitals\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> about a patient data-sharing agreement. Facebook wanted to see if it could match up the health system's user data with its own data to see if patients might need special care\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. That seemed to be have fallen apart out of general fears of data privacy surrounding the company.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.cnbc.com/p/gZWlPC/cnbc_global?playertype=synd&byGuid=7000011603&size=530_298\" width=\"530\" height=\"298\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Real Money' for Digital Health Startup \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmaceutical giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/15/roche-buying-flatiron-health-backed-by-alphabet.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Roche bought Flatiron Health\u003c/a> in February for just over $2 billion. I think that was a big deal because it was a pharmaceutical company spending real money on a digital health startup. I think it shows that there can be real successes in the space. It's also a thumbs-up for precision medicine; Flatiron was basically creating a medical record system that was popular with oncologists, and then using data to figure out better treatments for those patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watson Stumbles, or: \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P18EdAKuC1U\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Health Care Ain't 'Jeopardy'\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In talking with folks familiar with the IBM Watson strategy, I think where they may have gone wrong is in building this AI system that was \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/09/05/watson-ibm-cancer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trained using top U.S. oncologists\u003c/a>, and then they tried to sell it to other big cancer centers. So if you're an oncologist at one of these other places, why wouldn't you just say, \"Well, I'm as good as these physicians at Memorial Sloan Kettering?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I think they tried to sell into the wrong market because they thought they could get these really big contracts, and what they probably should have done is figured out a much cheaper system that they could have sold to smaller health systems; you can see why some of these local offices and physicians who don't have the same resources as Sloan Kettering would find it beneficial to get information on what Sloan Kettering would do in any given situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's the Outcomes, Stupid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a long time you didn't really see digital health companies invest in outcomes, because I think they wanted to be viewed more as technology companies. But there were a few -- Livongo, Omada Health, Propeller Health -- that were always sort of forward-leaning and did do that investment from the outset, and I think those companies are the ones that are doing better now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Propeller Health was \u003ca href=\"https://www.jsonline.com/story/money/business/health-care/2018/12/03/propeller-health-madison-acquired-225-million/2192097002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sold\u003c/a> this year to ResMed, for instance. I think it was because it had that focus on outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That model is especially important for the influx of companies trying to sell into the employer space, because in order to tell the difference between them, there has been a lot of questioning around: \"Is this actually making my population healthier? Is it really going to save me money?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general I think the companies that are coming up this year have kind of learned from the mistakes of some of their predecessors and are positioning themselves with a bit more humility, and in many cases doing the right thing. They don't describe themselves, when pitching potential customers, as startups. They take themselves more seriously now, and they want to be viewed as new health care companies and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It just speaks to a general sort of growing-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445929/what-were-2018s-biggest-digital-health-stories-an-interview-with-cnbcs-christina-farr","authors":["80"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_26","futureofyou_80"],"featImg":"futureofyou_274615","label":"source_futureofyou_445929"},"futureofyou_445351":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445351","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445351","score":null,"sort":[1541468065000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"election-meditation","title":"Election Freaking You Out? Listen to This Guided Meditation for Unhappy News Junkies","publishDate":1541468065,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>Look, we get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's election day in the liberal Bay Area, and odds are you’re grinding it out. You can’t eat, you can’t sleep. Your mouth is dry, your pits are wet. You need a hug, you want some ice cream. Your partner's annoying, your cat won't cuddle. Your stomach hurts, you have to quit coffee. Who’s going for coffee? Let’s live in Norway. Can we live in Norway? You’re not blond, can’t pronounce fjord. How about Canada? Yeah, Canada. Because of climate change. Ugh. Climate change! Oh God, the kids are staring. 'It’s okay, kids! We all die sometime! ' Rats. Big mistake. Now they're bawling. They need reassurance. You need reassurance. From Nate Silver. It's going to be okay, Nate Silver? RIGHT?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're at your wit's end, whichever side of the political divide, take a little break with us. Seven years ago, Jon Kabat-Zinn, who helped bring mindfulness into mainstream medicine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/201112201000/jon-kabat-zinn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visited KQED\u003c/a> to discuss a new book, and we took the opportunity to ask him to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/51176/interview-jon-kabat-zinn-gives-advice-for-unhappy-news-junkies-audio-guided-meditation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">customize\u003c/a> one of his trademark guided meditations into an audio respite for unhappy news junkies. With barely a moment's notice, he took up the challenge and knocked it out of the park. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/12/jonkabatzinnmeditation.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Listen to it here\u003c/a> or click on the audio player above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then it's time to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/elections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rejoin the fray\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Perhaps you're white knuckling the remaining day of the 2018 election season, and you could use a little break. Try this excellent guided meditation from Jon Kabat-Zinn, customized for people who just want it to be over.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1642448232,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":252},"headData":{"title":"Election Freaking You Out? Listen to This Guided Meditation for Unhappy News Junkies - KQED Future of You","description":"Perhaps you're white knuckling the remaining day of the 2018 election season, and you could use a little break. Try this excellent guided meditation from Jon Kabat-Zinn, customized for people who just want it to be over.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"445351 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445351","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/11/05/election-meditation/","disqusTitle":"Election Freaking You Out? Listen to This Guided Meditation for Unhappy News Junkies","audioUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/12/jonkabatzinnmeditation.mp3","audioTrackLength":274,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/futureofyou/445351/election-meditation","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Look, we get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's election day in the liberal Bay Area, and odds are you’re grinding it out. You can’t eat, you can’t sleep. Your mouth is dry, your pits are wet. You need a hug, you want some ice cream. Your partner's annoying, your cat won't cuddle. Your stomach hurts, you have to quit coffee. Who’s going for coffee? Let’s live in Norway. Can we live in Norway? You’re not blond, can’t pronounce fjord. How about Canada? Yeah, Canada. Because of climate change. Ugh. Climate change! Oh God, the kids are staring. 'It’s okay, kids! We all die sometime! ' Rats. Big mistake. Now they're bawling. They need reassurance. You need reassurance. From Nate Silver. It's going to be okay, Nate Silver? RIGHT?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're at your wit's end, whichever side of the political divide, take a little break with us. Seven years ago, Jon Kabat-Zinn, who helped bring mindfulness into mainstream medicine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/201112201000/jon-kabat-zinn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visited KQED\u003c/a> to discuss a new book, and we took the opportunity to ask him to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/51176/interview-jon-kabat-zinn-gives-advice-for-unhappy-news-junkies-audio-guided-meditation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">customize\u003c/a> one of his trademark guided meditations into an audio respite for unhappy news junkies. With barely a moment's notice, he took up the challenge and knocked it out of the park. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/12/jonkabatzinnmeditation.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Listen to it here\u003c/a> or click on the audio player above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then it's time to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/elections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rejoin the fray\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445351/election-meditation","authors":["80"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1503","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_811"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445368","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_445318":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445318","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445318","score":null,"sort":[1541016263000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-adolescents-give-up-pot-their-cognition-quickly-improves","title":"When Adolescents Give Up Pot, Their Cognition Quickly Improves","publishDate":1541016263,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Marijuana, it seems, is not a performance-enhancing drug. That is, at least, not among young people, and not when the activity is learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatrist.com/JCP/article/Pages/2018/v79/17m11977.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published Tuesday\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>Journal of Clinical Psychiatry \u003c/em>finds that when adolescents stop using marijuana — even for just one week — their verbal learning and memory improve. The study contributes to growing\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930618/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> evidence that marijuana use in adolescents\u003c/a> is associated with reduced neurocognitive functioning.[contextly_sidebar id=\"gapfFkqeMFkKiddjhmrAPnGjnaQfV5tT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 14 percent of students in middle school and high school reported using marijuana within the past month, finds a \u003ca href=\"http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-overview2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Institutes of Health survey\u003c/a> conducted in 2017. And marijuana use has increased among high-schoolers over the past 10 years, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-development/substance-use/marijuana/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> U.S. Department of Health & Human Services\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the percentage of teens who believe that regular marijuana use poses a great risk to their health has\u003ca href=\"http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-vol2_2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> dropped sharply since the mid-2000s\u003c/a>. And legalization of marijuana may play a part in shaping how young people think about the drug. One study noted that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5365078/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">after 2012, when marijuana was legalized\u003c/a> in Washington state, the number of eighth-graders there that believed marijuana posed risks to their health dropped by 14 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are particularly concerned with marijuana use among the young because THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, most sharply affects the parts of the brain that develop during adolescence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The adolescent brain is undergoing significant neurodevelopment well into the 20s, and the regions that are last to develop are those regions that are most populated by cannabis receptors and are also very critical to cognitive functioning,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mghaddictionmedicine.com/about/staff/randi-schuster-ph-d/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Randi Schuster\u003c/a>. Schuster is the director of neuropsychology at Massachusetts General Hospital's Center for Addiction Medicine and the study's lead author.[contextly_sidebar id=\"lZELc7PUUZvmD5VTorbXygfap5jLk01F\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schuster and the team of researchers set out to determine if cognitive functions that are potentially harmed by marijuana use in adolescents — particularly attention and memory — improve when they abstain from marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They recruited 88 pot-using teens and young adults, ages 16 to 25, and got some of them to agree to stop smoking (or otherwise consuming) marijuana for the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schuster says the researchers wanted to recruit a range of participants, not just heavy users or those in a treatment program, for example. Some of the young people smoked once per week; some smoked nearly daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers randomly assigned the volunteers into an abstaining group and a nonabstaining group. They delivered the bad news to those chosen to be abstainers at the end of their first visit, and Schuster says, they took it surprisingly well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People were generally fine,\" she says. \"We kind of went through what the next month would look like and helped them come up with strategies for staying abstinent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One motivation for the non-tokers to stick with the program? They received increasing amounts of money each week of the month-long study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers urine-tested both groups on a weekly basis to make sure that the THC levels for the abstinent group were going down, and that the levels for the control group were staying consistent as they continued using.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at each visit, the participants completed a variety of tasks testing their attention and memory through the\u003ca href=\"http://www.cambridgecognition.com/cantab/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery\u003c/a>, a validated cognitive assessment tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that after four weeks, there was no noticeable difference in attention scores between the marijuana users and the nonusers. But, the memory scores of the nonusers improved, whereas the users' memories mostly stayed the same.[contextly_sidebar id=\"c4SATwAqatlL4R15kRXVJih13AxNqqVR\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The verbal memory test challenged participants to learn and recall new words, which \"lets us look both at their ability to learn information the first time the words were presented, as well as the number of words that they're able to retrieve from long-term memory storage after a delay,\" Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verbal memory is particularly relevant for adolescents and young adults when they're in the classroom, Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For an adolescent sitting in their history class learning new facts for the first time, we're suspecting that active cannabis users might have a difficult time putting that new information into their long-term memory,\" Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this study didn't prove that abstaining from cannabis improves adolescents' attention, other studies have found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930618/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">marijuana users fare worse in attention tests\u003c/a> than nonusers. Schuster hypothesizes it might take more than four weeks of abstinence for attention levels to improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, most of the memory improvement for the abstinent group happened during the first week of the study, which leaves the researchers feeling hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were pleasantly surprised to see that at least some of the deficits that we think may be caused by cannabis appear to be reversible, and at least some of them are quickly reversible, which is good news,\" Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One weakness of this study is its lack of a non-marijuana-using control group, says \u003ca href=\"https://uwm.edu/psychology/people/lisdahl-krista-m/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Krista Lisdahl\u003c/a>, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee who was not involved with the study but also researches the neuroscience of addiction. Because of this, it's difficult to conclude whether the improvements in memory brought the participants back to their baseline levels prior to using marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, because the study lasted only four weeks, it's impossible to draw conclusions about the long-term effects of marijuana usage for young people, such as how marijuana directly affects academic performance, sleep patterns or mood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisdahl says that longitudinal studies such as the NIH's\u003ca href=\"https://abcdstudy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study\u003c/a> could provide more information about what marijuana does to the adolescent brain. It might also reveal what happens if adolescents stop using marijuana and if their brain functioning can completely recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisdahl is helping with the NIH study, which has, to date, enrolled more than 11,000 children ages 9 and 10 and will follow them into young adulthood. It's the largest long-term research study on child brain development in the U.S., and it assesses how everything from screen time to concussions to drugs affect adolescents' brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Lisdahl says the findings from the new study — that abstinence from marijuana is associated with improvements in adolescents' learning and memory — sends a positive message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remain optimistic that we can show recovery of function with sustained abstinence,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel D. Cohen is an intern on NPR's Science Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Adolescents+Give+Up+Pot%2C+Their+Cognition+Quickly+Improves&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"When researchers convinced a group of young people to stop smoking pot, their cognition quickly improved. This adds to research warning against teen pot use, despite marijuana's growing acceptance. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1541016393,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1093},"headData":{"title":"When Adolescents Give Up Pot, Their Cognition Quickly Improves | KQED","description":"When researchers convinced a group of young people to stop smoking pot, their cognition quickly improved. This adds to research warning against teen pot use, despite marijuana's growing acceptance. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"445318 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445318","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/31/when-adolescents-give-up-pot-their-cognition-quickly-improves/","disqusTitle":"When Adolescents Give Up Pot, Their Cognition Quickly Improves","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Rachel D. Cohen, NPR","nprImageAgency":"BURGER/Canopy/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"662127406","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=662127406&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/30/662127406/when-adolescents-give-up-pot-their-cognition-quickly-improves?ft=nprml&f=662127406","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 31 Oct 2018 09:02:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 30 Oct 2018 13:01:25 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 31 Oct 2018 09:02:03 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/445318/when-adolescents-give-up-pot-their-cognition-quickly-improves","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Marijuana, it seems, is not a performance-enhancing drug. That is, at least, not among young people, and not when the activity is learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatrist.com/JCP/article/Pages/2018/v79/17m11977.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published Tuesday\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>Journal of Clinical Psychiatry \u003c/em>finds that when adolescents stop using marijuana — even for just one week — their verbal learning and memory improve. The study contributes to growing\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930618/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> evidence that marijuana use in adolescents\u003c/a> is associated with reduced neurocognitive functioning.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 14 percent of students in middle school and high school reported using marijuana within the past month, finds a \u003ca href=\"http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-overview2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Institutes of Health survey\u003c/a> conducted in 2017. And marijuana use has increased among high-schoolers over the past 10 years, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-development/substance-use/marijuana/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> U.S. Department of Health & Human Services\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the percentage of teens who believe that regular marijuana use poses a great risk to their health has\u003ca href=\"http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-vol2_2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> dropped sharply since the mid-2000s\u003c/a>. And legalization of marijuana may play a part in shaping how young people think about the drug. One study noted that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5365078/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">after 2012, when marijuana was legalized\u003c/a> in Washington state, the number of eighth-graders there that believed marijuana posed risks to their health dropped by 14 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are particularly concerned with marijuana use among the young because THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, most sharply affects the parts of the brain that develop during adolescence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The adolescent brain is undergoing significant neurodevelopment well into the 20s, and the regions that are last to develop are those regions that are most populated by cannabis receptors and are also very critical to cognitive functioning,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mghaddictionmedicine.com/about/staff/randi-schuster-ph-d/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Randi Schuster\u003c/a>. Schuster is the director of neuropsychology at Massachusetts General Hospital's Center for Addiction Medicine and the study's lead author.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schuster and the team of researchers set out to determine if cognitive functions that are potentially harmed by marijuana use in adolescents — particularly attention and memory — improve when they abstain from marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They recruited 88 pot-using teens and young adults, ages 16 to 25, and got some of them to agree to stop smoking (or otherwise consuming) marijuana for the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schuster says the researchers wanted to recruit a range of participants, not just heavy users or those in a treatment program, for example. Some of the young people smoked once per week; some smoked nearly daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers randomly assigned the volunteers into an abstaining group and a nonabstaining group. They delivered the bad news to those chosen to be abstainers at the end of their first visit, and Schuster says, they took it surprisingly well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People were generally fine,\" she says. \"We kind of went through what the next month would look like and helped them come up with strategies for staying abstinent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One motivation for the non-tokers to stick with the program? They received increasing amounts of money each week of the month-long study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers urine-tested both groups on a weekly basis to make sure that the THC levels for the abstinent group were going down, and that the levels for the control group were staying consistent as they continued using.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at each visit, the participants completed a variety of tasks testing their attention and memory through the\u003ca href=\"http://www.cambridgecognition.com/cantab/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery\u003c/a>, a validated cognitive assessment tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that after four weeks, there was no noticeable difference in attention scores between the marijuana users and the nonusers. But, the memory scores of the nonusers improved, whereas the users' memories mostly stayed the same.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The verbal memory test challenged participants to learn and recall new words, which \"lets us look both at their ability to learn information the first time the words were presented, as well as the number of words that they're able to retrieve from long-term memory storage after a delay,\" Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verbal memory is particularly relevant for adolescents and young adults when they're in the classroom, Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For an adolescent sitting in their history class learning new facts for the first time, we're suspecting that active cannabis users might have a difficult time putting that new information into their long-term memory,\" Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this study didn't prove that abstaining from cannabis improves adolescents' attention, other studies have found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930618/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">marijuana users fare worse in attention tests\u003c/a> than nonusers. Schuster hypothesizes it might take more than four weeks of abstinence for attention levels to improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, most of the memory improvement for the abstinent group happened during the first week of the study, which leaves the researchers feeling hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were pleasantly surprised to see that at least some of the deficits that we think may be caused by cannabis appear to be reversible, and at least some of them are quickly reversible, which is good news,\" Schuster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One weakness of this study is its lack of a non-marijuana-using control group, says \u003ca href=\"https://uwm.edu/psychology/people/lisdahl-krista-m/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Krista Lisdahl\u003c/a>, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee who was not involved with the study but also researches the neuroscience of addiction. Because of this, it's difficult to conclude whether the improvements in memory brought the participants back to their baseline levels prior to using marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, because the study lasted only four weeks, it's impossible to draw conclusions about the long-term effects of marijuana usage for young people, such as how marijuana directly affects academic performance, sleep patterns or mood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisdahl says that longitudinal studies such as the NIH's\u003ca href=\"https://abcdstudy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study\u003c/a> could provide more information about what marijuana does to the adolescent brain. It might also reveal what happens if adolescents stop using marijuana and if their brain functioning can completely recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisdahl is helping with the NIH study, which has, to date, enrolled more than 11,000 children ages 9 and 10 and will follow them into young adulthood. It's the largest long-term research study on child brain development in the U.S., and it assesses how everything from screen time to concussions to drugs affect adolescents' brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Lisdahl says the findings from the new study — that abstinence from marijuana is associated with improvements in adolescents' learning and memory — sends a positive message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remain optimistic that we can show recovery of function with sustained abstinence,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel D. Cohen is an intern on NPR's Science Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Adolescents+Give+Up+Pot%2C+Their+Cognition+Quickly+Improves&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445318/when-adolescents-give-up-pot-their-cognition-quickly-improves","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445318"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_828","futureofyou_1585","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_1041","futureofyou_872"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445319","label":"source_futureofyou_445318"},"futureofyou_445306":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445306","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445306","score":null,"sort":[1540921365000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"doctors-test-bacterial-smear-after-c-sections-to-bolster-babies-health","title":"Doctors Test Bacterial Smear After C-sections To Bolster Babies' Health","publishDate":1540921365,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Danielle Vukadinovich is sitting up in a hospital bed at the Inova Women's Hospital in Falls Church, Va., waiting to give birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel good, I'm excited!\" says Vukadinovich, 35, of Annandale, Va., \"Nervous, but good!\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"FEjJfJVXw64VNWTIkBjmTrT87lKdBgJO\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich is getting a \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/cesareansection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cesarean section\u003c/a> today. It's the second time for her — she underwent the surgical procedure 19 months ago when her twins were born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time Danielle wants to try something different, something that might sound strange. As soon as her daughter is born, a doctor will wipe bacteria fluid from Danielle's birth canal all over her baby's body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I haven't told many people about this yet,\" Vukadinovich says, laughing. \"I understand why people would be like, 'Oh my gosh. That's so weird.' But I don't think it's yucky. It's normal. It's natural really.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure, known as \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/vaginal-seeding/faq-20380881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vaginal seeding\u003c/a>,\" is designed to help babies develop healthy microbiomes — the collection of friendly bacteria that inhabit every person's body. Some people call it a \"bacterial baptism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a little bit like that baby's first dunk,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.inova.org/indirectory/clinicaltrials.aspx?design=true&dirId=1&LoadCategory=ITMI&LoadSubCategory=Microbiome&memberID=280\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shira Levy\u003c/a>, the microbiome research manager at the Inova hospital. \"That's their first religious experience. You know, they get the water and that changes their spirituality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In this case, they get the bacteria and that changes their microbiome,\" Levy says. \"This is their first microbiome experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure was developed in response to the sharp rise in C-section births in recent years. That increase has been accompanied by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/30/444746094/missing-microbes-provide-clues-about-asthma-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more cases of asthma\u003c/a>, allergies, eczema, obesity, and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory is that the rise in these diseases might be happening, in part, because babies aren't getting exposed to their mother's microbes the way they would if they were passing naturally through the birth canal.[contextly_sidebar id=\"0AllfLEduBOKAavkhBROexZnBFbtKljt\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that one of the reasons that babies born by C-section are at increased risk for these diseases is because they don't receive that first beneficial exposure to their mother's vaginal microbiome,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.inova.org/Physician_Directory/Suchitra-K-Hourigan-MD/824530\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Suchitra Hourigan\u003c/a>, a pediatric gastroenterologist at Inova.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One very small study \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/01/464905786/researchers-test-microbe-wipe-to-promote-babies-health-after-c-sections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indicated \u003c/a>that swabbing C-section babies with their mother's microbes immediately after birth could make their microbiomes develop more like those of babies born vaginally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the appeal of vaginal seeding has outpaced evidence that it is safe and effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some couples have started trying vaginal seeding on their own. Vukadinovich jokes that she considered doing it herself. After all, she says, she's a nurse and her husband is a high school biology teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I even told my mom: 'Nobody has to know. My husband would help me out,' \" she says, laughing. \"But I try not to take unnecessary risks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich knows the procedure could be risky. Babies could be inadvertently exposed to disease-causing microbes, such as herpes virus or streptococcus bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, medical groups such as the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Vaginal-Seeding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warn\u003c/a> women against doing this. \"While there are data to suggest that there may be some scientific plausibility to the concept, it is not without significant risks,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/experts/preview/578561302cfac209100154a4/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neil Silverman\u003c/a>, a clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the UCLA School of Medicine, who represents ACOG. The group notes that mothers also transfer microbes to their newborns through skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Vukadinovich was thrilled when she found out she could be part of the first \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03298334?term=vaginal+seeding&rank=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> the Food and Drug Administration is allowing to rigorously test whether the procedure is safe and helps improve babies' health.[contextly_sidebar id=\"kMHzgUs0dutTuVHV7G0EJpefrLt2hB8h\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who knows what's going to happen with the results? But if it does show something positive, I just think that would be great for kids and parents,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourigan, who's helping lead the study, agrees. \"Just to be able to reduce one risk factor for obesity, especially when there are such high [C-section rates] in the U.S., would be huge,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, half of the babies will get swabbed with their mother's microbes; half will get swabbed with a sterile solution. All of the mothers will be carefully screened for dangerous infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the babies will then be followed for three years to see if they become obese or develop other health problems. A \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03567707?term=vaginal+seeding&rank=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">similar study\u003c/a> is starting at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich agreed to let an NPR reporter and photographer observe her baby's birth and the swabbing. It's the first time journalists have been allowed to watch a baby go through the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evelyn Marie is Born\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nurses wheel Vukadinovich into the operating room, Hourigan, Levy and Dr. Varsha Deopujari follow. Deopujari, the study's clinical manager, will do the actual swabbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the OR, everyone quickly takes their places. As the surgeon starts, Hourigan explains what's happening. It goes very fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An incision is being made into mom, and they are getting ready to take out the baby,\" Hourigan says. \"They can see the head. And the head is now coming out of the C-section incision. Baby's head is out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In less than a minute after the surgery starts, the baby girl is completely out. A nurse rushes the newborn to a nearby table to clear her breathing. After the baby is breathing smoothly, Deopujari starts swabbing with a gauze pad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, she swabs the baby's mouth, cheeks and face. After turning the gauze over to expose more bacteria, Deopujari wipes the baby's hands and arms. Next, she wipes down her chest, goes over her abdomen, up the other arm and then over her back.[contextly_sidebar id=\"umm131VoK2OKqBWygztDrKkMjOgsaGeH\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the swabbing is now over,\" Hourigan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deopujari hands the baby back to a nurse. Hourigan and her team quickly head out of the OR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That went perfectly,\" she says. \"Baby came out and was crying. We waited until baby was stable, and the swabbing went just as planned.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourigan and her colleagues will swab 50 babies to make sure their procedure is safe. If it is, they plan to expand the study to 800 babies, who would randomly receive either the bacterial swab or a placebo, throughout the Inova hospital system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results could prove important. \"We need more data and we need better data,\" says Silverman, of ACOG. \"If it shows that there is a clear benefit, then this process can be re-evaluated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, Vukadinovich, her husband, Nick, 41, and their new daughter are together in a hospital room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm good — feeling good today,\" she says, cradling her baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple doesn't know if their new daughter, who they would later name Evelyn Marie, was exposed to her mother's microbes or a sterile placebo solution. But they have their fingers crossed she was swabbed with bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I really hope that she was,\" Vukadinovich says. \"If there's a decreased chance of her having any health issues, that would be awesome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her husband, Nick, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not terribly religious so we won't baptize with water — holy water,\" Nick says. \"But since we're scientists, we like the idea of a bacterial baptism instead of a holy baptism — because now she's been initiated with bacteria, friendly bacteria, that should protect her down the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Doctors+Test+Bacterial+Smear+After+Cesarean+Sections+To+Bolster+Babies%27+Microbiomes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After a C-section, does swabbing a baby with the mother's microbes reduce the risk of obesity and other health problems later in life? An ambitious study to help answer the question is underway.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1540921365,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":1252},"headData":{"title":"Doctors Test Bacterial Smear After C-sections To Bolster Babies' Health | KQED","description":"After a C-section, does swabbing a baby with the mother's microbes reduce the risk of obesity and other health problems later in life? An ambitious study to help answer the question is underway.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"445306 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445306","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/30/doctors-test-bacterial-smear-after-c-sections-to-bolster-babies-health/","disqusTitle":"Doctors Test Bacterial Smear After C-sections To Bolster Babies' Health","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Rob Stein, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Mary Mathis/NPR","nprStoryId":"658254175","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=658254175&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/30/658254175/doctors-test-bacterial-smear-after-cesarean-sections-to-bolster-babies-microbiom?ft=nprml&f=658254175","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 30 Oct 2018 09:58:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 30 Oct 2018 05:03:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 30 Oct 2018 12:45:06 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181030_me_doctors_test_bacterial_smear_after_cesarean_sections_to_bolster_babies_microbiomes.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=421&p=3&story=658254175&ft=nprml&f=658254175","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1662009687-72e5e0.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=421&p=3&story=658254175&ft=nprml&f=658254175","audioTrackLength":422,"path":"/futureofyou/445306/doctors-test-bacterial-smear-after-c-sections-to-bolster-babies-health","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181030_me_doctors_test_bacterial_smear_after_cesarean_sections_to_bolster_babies_microbiomes.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=421&p=3&story=658254175&ft=nprml&f=658254175","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Danielle Vukadinovich is sitting up in a hospital bed at the Inova Women's Hospital in Falls Church, Va., waiting to give birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel good, I'm excited!\" says Vukadinovich, 35, of Annandale, Va., \"Nervous, but good!\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich is getting a \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/cesareansection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cesarean section\u003c/a> today. It's the second time for her — she underwent the surgical procedure 19 months ago when her twins were born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time Danielle wants to try something different, something that might sound strange. As soon as her daughter is born, a doctor will wipe bacteria fluid from Danielle's birth canal all over her baby's body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I haven't told many people about this yet,\" Vukadinovich says, laughing. \"I understand why people would be like, 'Oh my gosh. That's so weird.' But I don't think it's yucky. It's normal. It's natural really.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure, known as \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/vaginal-seeding/faq-20380881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vaginal seeding\u003c/a>,\" is designed to help babies develop healthy microbiomes — the collection of friendly bacteria that inhabit every person's body. Some people call it a \"bacterial baptism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a little bit like that baby's first dunk,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.inova.org/indirectory/clinicaltrials.aspx?design=true&dirId=1&LoadCategory=ITMI&LoadSubCategory=Microbiome&memberID=280\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shira Levy\u003c/a>, the microbiome research manager at the Inova hospital. \"That's their first religious experience. You know, they get the water and that changes their spirituality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In this case, they get the bacteria and that changes their microbiome,\" Levy says. \"This is their first microbiome experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure was developed in response to the sharp rise in C-section births in recent years. That increase has been accompanied by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/30/444746094/missing-microbes-provide-clues-about-asthma-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more cases of asthma\u003c/a>, allergies, eczema, obesity, and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory is that the rise in these diseases might be happening, in part, because babies aren't getting exposed to their mother's microbes the way they would if they were passing naturally through the birth canal.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that one of the reasons that babies born by C-section are at increased risk for these diseases is because they don't receive that first beneficial exposure to their mother's vaginal microbiome,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.inova.org/Physician_Directory/Suchitra-K-Hourigan-MD/824530\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Suchitra Hourigan\u003c/a>, a pediatric gastroenterologist at Inova.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One very small study \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/01/464905786/researchers-test-microbe-wipe-to-promote-babies-health-after-c-sections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indicated \u003c/a>that swabbing C-section babies with their mother's microbes immediately after birth could make their microbiomes develop more like those of babies born vaginally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the appeal of vaginal seeding has outpaced evidence that it is safe and effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some couples have started trying vaginal seeding on their own. Vukadinovich jokes that she considered doing it herself. After all, she says, she's a nurse and her husband is a high school biology teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I even told my mom: 'Nobody has to know. My husband would help me out,' \" she says, laughing. \"But I try not to take unnecessary risks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich knows the procedure could be risky. Babies could be inadvertently exposed to disease-causing microbes, such as herpes virus or streptococcus bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, medical groups such as the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Vaginal-Seeding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warn\u003c/a> women against doing this. \"While there are data to suggest that there may be some scientific plausibility to the concept, it is not without significant risks,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/experts/preview/578561302cfac209100154a4/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neil Silverman\u003c/a>, a clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the UCLA School of Medicine, who represents ACOG. The group notes that mothers also transfer microbes to their newborns through skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Vukadinovich was thrilled when she found out she could be part of the first \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03298334?term=vaginal+seeding&rank=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> the Food and Drug Administration is allowing to rigorously test whether the procedure is safe and helps improve babies' health.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who knows what's going to happen with the results? But if it does show something positive, I just think that would be great for kids and parents,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourigan, who's helping lead the study, agrees. \"Just to be able to reduce one risk factor for obesity, especially when there are such high [C-section rates] in the U.S., would be huge,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, half of the babies will get swabbed with their mother's microbes; half will get swabbed with a sterile solution. All of the mothers will be carefully screened for dangerous infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the babies will then be followed for three years to see if they become obese or develop other health problems. A \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03567707?term=vaginal+seeding&rank=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">similar study\u003c/a> is starting at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vukadinovich agreed to let an NPR reporter and photographer observe her baby's birth and the swabbing. It's the first time journalists have been allowed to watch a baby go through the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evelyn Marie is Born\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nurses wheel Vukadinovich into the operating room, Hourigan, Levy and Dr. Varsha Deopujari follow. Deopujari, the study's clinical manager, will do the actual swabbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the OR, everyone quickly takes their places. As the surgeon starts, Hourigan explains what's happening. It goes very fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An incision is being made into mom, and they are getting ready to take out the baby,\" Hourigan says. \"They can see the head. And the head is now coming out of the C-section incision. Baby's head is out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In less than a minute after the surgery starts, the baby girl is completely out. A nurse rushes the newborn to a nearby table to clear her breathing. After the baby is breathing smoothly, Deopujari starts swabbing with a gauze pad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, she swabs the baby's mouth, cheeks and face. After turning the gauze over to expose more bacteria, Deopujari wipes the baby's hands and arms. Next, she wipes down her chest, goes over her abdomen, up the other arm and then over her back.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the swabbing is now over,\" Hourigan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deopujari hands the baby back to a nurse. Hourigan and her team quickly head out of the OR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That went perfectly,\" she says. \"Baby came out and was crying. We waited until baby was stable, and the swabbing went just as planned.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourigan and her colleagues will swab 50 babies to make sure their procedure is safe. If it is, they plan to expand the study to 800 babies, who would randomly receive either the bacterial swab or a placebo, throughout the Inova hospital system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results could prove important. \"We need more data and we need better data,\" says Silverman, of ACOG. \"If it shows that there is a clear benefit, then this process can be re-evaluated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, Vukadinovich, her husband, Nick, 41, and their new daughter are together in a hospital room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm good — feeling good today,\" she says, cradling her baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple doesn't know if their new daughter, who they would later name Evelyn Marie, was exposed to her mother's microbes or a sterile placebo solution. But they have their fingers crossed she was swabbed with bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I really hope that she was,\" Vukadinovich says. \"If there's a decreased chance of her having any health issues, that would be awesome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her husband, Nick, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not terribly religious so we won't baptize with water — holy water,\" Nick says. \"But since we're scientists, we like the idea of a bacterial baptism instead of a holy baptism — because now she's been initiated with bacteria, friendly bacteria, that should protect her down the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Doctors+Test+Bacterial+Smear+After+Cesarean+Sections+To+Bolster+Babies%27+Microbiomes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445306/doctors-test-bacterial-smear-after-c-sections-to-bolster-babies-health","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445306"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_631","futureofyou_1635","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_68","futureofyou_520"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093","futureofyou_1097"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445307","label":"source_futureofyou_445306"},"futureofyou_445259":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445259","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445259","score":null,"sort":[1540839600000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-rural-community-decided-to-treat-its-opioid-problem-like-a-natural-disaster","title":"A Rural Community Decided To Treat Its Opioid Problem Like A Natural Disaster","publishDate":1540839600,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"futureofyou"},"content":"\u003cp>When he was police chief of Stanwood, Wash., population 7,000, Ty Trenary thought rural communities like his were immune from the opioid crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, one day, a mother walked through his door and said, \"Chief, you have a heroin problem in your community.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"snF1nVDNKWV8zjCpOVtbCXhNa21X1NeR\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I remember thinking, 'Well that's not possible,' \" Trenary recalls. \"This is Stanwood and heroin is in big cities with homeless populations. It's not in rural America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But heroin addiction and abuse are not just a big city problem, as Trenary had thought. While the bulk of fatal overdoses still happen in urban areas, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6619a1.htm?s_cid=ss6619a1_w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the rural overdose rate has increased \u003c/a>to slightly surpass that of cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rural Americans say drug addiction and abuse are the most urgent health problems facing their local community, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/HARVARD-POLL/rural-health-poll-10-15-18-updated.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a new poll\u003c/a> by NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. In the poll, 48 percent of people said opioid addiction has gotten worse in their community in the past five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trenary now agrees. A few years ago, he was elected sheriff of Snohomish County and got a rude awakening. He toured the jail and found it had become a de facto detox center, full of \"very, very sick, very, very sick people,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Detoxing from heroin is like having the worst possible stomach virus you can have. People are proned out, just suffering.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At any given time, about half the inmates were withdrawing from heroin, making for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.heraldnet.com/news/lawsuit-against-snohomish-county-focuses-on-inmates-death/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dangerous\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://komonews.com/news/local/13m-settlement-in-snohomish-county-jail-death-claim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expensive\u003c/a> situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It took becoming the sheriff to see the impacts inside the jail with heroin abuse, to see the impacts in the community across the entire county for me to realize that we had to change a lot about what we were doing,\" Trenary says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Disaster Response Approach\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they did. Snohomish County in Western Washington is taking a unique approach to tackle the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, leaders declared the opioid epidemic a life-threatening emergency. The county is now responding to the drug crisis as if it were a natural disaster, the same way it would mobilize to respond to a landslide or flu pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_445267\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-445267\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85-768x511.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snohomish County Sheriff Ty Trenary. He wasn't aware of the extent of the opioid epidemic in his county until he became sheriff and realized the jail had become a defacto detox center. \u003ccite>(Leah Nash/Finding Fixes podcast)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Snohomish County is the first county in the country to treat it this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea grew out of their experience with another tremendous disaster in the county: the massive 2014 landslide in Oso, Wash., which killed 43 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, the director of communications for the sheriff's office, Shari Ireton, took reporters to see the landslide, and she ended up learning something, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was amazing to see Black Hawk helicopters flying with our helicopter and a fixed wing over the top of that,\" she says. \"All in coordination with each other, all with the same objective, which is life safety.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"EkK9yT8ARJNlHsaGPy5VTEvcCBTT8MS7\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ireton thought, what if they used that same coordinated system, of everyone working together across government agencies, to tackle the opioid epidemic?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County leaders took the idea and ran with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the response to the opioid epidemic is run out of a special emergency operations center, a lot like during the Oso landslide, where representatives from across local government meet every two weeks, including people in charge of everything from firetrucks to the dump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technical name for this group is the Multi-Agency Coordination group, or MAC group. It comes straight out of FEMA's emergency response playbook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They talk through PowerPoint slides and rattle off numbers like 7.5 and 6.1, which refer to items on their to-do list. Seven big, overarching goals, which include reducing opioid misuse and reducing damage to the community, are broken down into manageable steps, like distributing needle cleanup kits and a project to train schoolteachers to recognize trauma and addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This to-do list is over 100 items long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some of these goals are really long term,\" Ireton says. \"I mean they're going to take years, decades.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"4DNOyEVwXKrhJsxImwngLjd8ofHh3LVo\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is to be realistic, says Ireton, who is also the spokesperson for this group. You are never going to be successful if your goal is just \"end the opioid epidemic,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By breaking it down, it's like eating an elephant. You just can eat one piece at a time. Breaking it down into a piece that you can actually digest.\" Ireton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county's program includes small steps, like making transportation easier for people in drug treatment. They train family members and others in the community on steps to reverse overdoses with medicine, and they send teams of police officers and social workers to help addicted homeless people.[contextly_sidebar id=\"tgGunyxLm8dgF9b7x7IdKyEh7K66M6ez\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Marysville, Wash., the woods are full of homeless encampments surrounded by piles of spent syringes and trash. On a recent visit, rain drips through a cedar forest next to a strip mall. Officer Mike Buell is visiting the camp along with social worker Lauren Rainbow. Buell cracks jokes with some illegal campers and introduces himself using his first name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buell's job isn't to arrest the campers, but to help them get drug treatment and housing. He crouches next to the opening of one tent and explains that he and his colleagues will help the campers with food, coffee and transportation to and from appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're basically your Uber,\" Buell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach is paying off. The teams have helped hundreds of people find housing and drug treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's just one item in the county's plan, and problems with opioids are far from solved here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snohomish County will keep working on its large and small goals, one bite at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.findingfixes.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Finding Fixes\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a podcast about solutions to the opioid epidemic, which is a project of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>InvestigateWest\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Rural+Community+Decided+To+Treat+Its+Opioid+Problem+Like+A+Natural+Disaster&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A rural county in Washington declared the opioid epidemic a life-threatening emergency. It uses a multiagency coordination group straight out of FEMA's playbook to respond to the crisis.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1540834398,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1019},"headData":{"title":"A Rural Community Decided To Treat Its Opioid Problem Like A Natural Disaster | KQED","description":"A rural county in Washington declared the opioid epidemic a life-threatening emergency. It uses a multiagency coordination group straight out of FEMA's playbook to respond to the crisis.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"445259 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445259","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/29/a-rural-community-decided-to-treat-its-opioid-problem-like-a-natural-disaster/","disqusTitle":"A Rural Community Decided To Treat Its Opioid Problem Like A Natural Disaster","nprByline":"Anna Boiko-Weyrauch, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Leah Nash for Finding Fixes podcast","nprStoryId":"658476111","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=658476111&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/28/658476111/a-rural-community-decided-to-treat-its-opioid-problem-like-a-natural-disaster?ft=nprml&f=658476111","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 29 Oct 2018 12:55:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 28 Oct 2018 08:17:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 29 Oct 2018 12:55:33 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesun/2018/10/20181028_wesun_a_rural_community_decided_to_treat_its_opioid_problem_like_a_natural_disaster.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=658276358&d=345&p=10&story=658476111&ft=nprml&f=658476111","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1661520408-b27296.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=658276358&d=345&p=10&story=658476111&ft=nprml&f=658476111","audioTrackLength":346,"path":"/futureofyou/445259/a-rural-community-decided-to-treat-its-opioid-problem-like-a-natural-disaster","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesun/2018/10/20181028_wesun_a_rural_community_decided_to_treat_its_opioid_problem_like_a_natural_disaster.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=658276358&d=345&p=10&story=658476111&ft=nprml&f=658476111","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When he was police chief of Stanwood, Wash., population 7,000, Ty Trenary thought rural communities like his were immune from the opioid crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, one day, a mother walked through his door and said, \"Chief, you have a heroin problem in your community.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I remember thinking, 'Well that's not possible,' \" Trenary recalls. \"This is Stanwood and heroin is in big cities with homeless populations. It's not in rural America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But heroin addiction and abuse are not just a big city problem, as Trenary had thought. While the bulk of fatal overdoses still happen in urban areas, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6619a1.htm?s_cid=ss6619a1_w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the rural overdose rate has increased \u003c/a>to slightly surpass that of cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rural Americans say drug addiction and abuse are the most urgent health problems facing their local community, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/HARVARD-POLL/rural-health-poll-10-15-18-updated.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a new poll\u003c/a> by NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. In the poll, 48 percent of people said opioid addiction has gotten worse in their community in the past five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trenary now agrees. A few years ago, he was elected sheriff of Snohomish County and got a rude awakening. He toured the jail and found it had become a de facto detox center, full of \"very, very sick, very, very sick people,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Detoxing from heroin is like having the worst possible stomach virus you can have. People are proned out, just suffering.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At any given time, about half the inmates were withdrawing from heroin, making for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.heraldnet.com/news/lawsuit-against-snohomish-county-focuses-on-inmates-death/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dangerous\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://komonews.com/news/local/13m-settlement-in-snohomish-county-jail-death-claim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expensive\u003c/a> situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It took becoming the sheriff to see the impacts inside the jail with heroin abuse, to see the impacts in the community across the entire county for me to realize that we had to change a lot about what we were doing,\" Trenary says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Disaster Response Approach\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they did. Snohomish County in Western Washington is taking a unique approach to tackle the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, leaders declared the opioid epidemic a life-threatening emergency. The county is now responding to the drug crisis as if it were a natural disaster, the same way it would mobilize to respond to a landslide or flu pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_445267\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-445267\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85-768x511.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/20180823_ff_105_custom-37d326f563ec4055bd7d38d350065ee12644fc95-s800-c85-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snohomish County Sheriff Ty Trenary. He wasn't aware of the extent of the opioid epidemic in his county until he became sheriff and realized the jail had become a defacto detox center. \u003ccite>(Leah Nash/Finding Fixes podcast)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Snohomish County is the first county in the country to treat it this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea grew out of their experience with another tremendous disaster in the county: the massive 2014 landslide in Oso, Wash., which killed 43 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, the director of communications for the sheriff's office, Shari Ireton, took reporters to see the landslide, and she ended up learning something, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was amazing to see Black Hawk helicopters flying with our helicopter and a fixed wing over the top of that,\" she says. \"All in coordination with each other, all with the same objective, which is life safety.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ireton thought, what if they used that same coordinated system, of everyone working together across government agencies, to tackle the opioid epidemic?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County leaders took the idea and ran with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the response to the opioid epidemic is run out of a special emergency operations center, a lot like during the Oso landslide, where representatives from across local government meet every two weeks, including people in charge of everything from firetrucks to the dump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technical name for this group is the Multi-Agency Coordination group, or MAC group. It comes straight out of FEMA's emergency response playbook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They talk through PowerPoint slides and rattle off numbers like 7.5 and 6.1, which refer to items on their to-do list. Seven big, overarching goals, which include reducing opioid misuse and reducing damage to the community, are broken down into manageable steps, like distributing needle cleanup kits and a project to train schoolteachers to recognize trauma and addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This to-do list is over 100 items long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some of these goals are really long term,\" Ireton says. \"I mean they're going to take years, decades.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is to be realistic, says Ireton, who is also the spokesperson for this group. You are never going to be successful if your goal is just \"end the opioid epidemic,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By breaking it down, it's like eating an elephant. You just can eat one piece at a time. Breaking it down into a piece that you can actually digest.\" Ireton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county's program includes small steps, like making transportation easier for people in drug treatment. They train family members and others in the community on steps to reverse overdoses with medicine, and they send teams of police officers and social workers to help addicted homeless people.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Marysville, Wash., the woods are full of homeless encampments surrounded by piles of spent syringes and trash. On a recent visit, rain drips through a cedar forest next to a strip mall. Officer Mike Buell is visiting the camp along with social worker Lauren Rainbow. Buell cracks jokes with some illegal campers and introduces himself using his first name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buell's job isn't to arrest the campers, but to help them get drug treatment and housing. He crouches next to the opening of one tent and explains that he and his colleagues will help the campers with food, coffee and transportation to and from appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're basically your Uber,\" Buell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach is paying off. The teams have helped hundreds of people find housing and drug treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's just one item in the county's plan, and problems with opioids are far from solved here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snohomish County will keep working on its large and small goals, one bite at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.findingfixes.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Finding Fixes\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a podcast about solutions to the opioid epidemic, which is a project of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>InvestigateWest\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Rural+Community+Decided+To+Treat+Its+Opioid+Problem+Like+A+Natural+Disaster&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445259/a-rural-community-decided-to-treat-its-opioid-problem-like-a-natural-disaster","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445259"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_828","futureofyou_952","futureofyou_1499","futureofyou_1634","futureofyou_198"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445260","label":"futureofyou"},"futureofyou_445140":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445140","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445140","score":null,"sort":[1540234802000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty","title":"A New Prescription For Depression: Join A Team And Get Sweaty","publishDate":1540234802,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Ryan \"China\" \u003ca href=\"https://adaa.org/living-with-anxiety/personal-stories/becoming-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">McCarney\u003c/a> has played sports his entire life, but sometimes he has to force himself to show up on the field to play pick-up soccer with his friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm dreading and I'm anticipating the worst. But I do it anyway. And then, it's a euphoric sensation when you're done with it because you end up having a great time,\" says McCarney.[contextly_sidebar id=\"gwsGwJ2iQLGQmBCouKy4FngfBXYfu4CD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarney was just 22 when he had his first panic attack. As a college and professional baseball player, he says getting help was stigmatized. It took him six years to get professional support. He still struggles with depression and social anxiety, but says exercising helps him — especially when it's with his teammates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows exercise can ease things like panic attacks or mood and sleep disorders, and a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(18)30227-X/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> in the journal, Lancet Psychiatry, found that popular team sports may have a slight edge over the other forms of physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers analyzed CDC survey data from 1.2 million adults and found — across age, gender, education status and income — people who exercised reported fewer days of bad mental health than those who didn't. And those who played team sports reported the fewest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the study's authors, \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/people/search/adam_chekroud-1.profile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adam Chekroud\u003c/a>, an assistant adjunct professor at Yale's School of Medicine, thinks team activity could add another layer of relief for sufferers of mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there are biological, cognitive and social aspects to mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some sports might just be hitting on more of those elements than other sports,\" he says. \"If you just run on a treadmill for example, it's clear that you're getting that biological stimulation. But perhaps there are other elements of depression that you're not going to be tapping into.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"AnfCcZtwcDai9A2ip7Imx0DEvkjj5q1n\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, this study only shows an association between group exercise and improved mental health, and can't prove that the one causes the other. But, given what is known about depression in particular, it adds up, says Jack Raglin, a professor in the department of kinesiology in the School of Public Health at Indiana University, Bloomington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who are depressed often isolate themselves, he says, so exercising in a group setting, \"can help alleviate symptoms and deal with this very pernicious symptom of depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Group exercise or team sports might also have an edge over other forms of exercise because they add an element of accountability, says Raglin. He did a study finding that couples who started an exercise program together had a lower dropout rate than those who started one on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study showed that \"very simple forms of social support can be beneficial,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don't know the exact mechanism that makes exercise elevate mood and decrease anxiety, but there is \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/12/exercise.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a body of research\u003c/a> to show that it does work on the short and long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you conceptualize exercise as a pill it means, well it's a rather small pill and easy to take and easy to tolerate,\" says Raglin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One limitation of the \u003cem>Lancet Psychiatry\u003c/em> study is the data is based on patients self-reporting their symptoms. Dr. Antonia Baum, a psychiatrist and the past president of the \u003ca href=\"https://sportspsychiatry.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Society for Sports Psychiatry\u003c/a> says patients don't always give an accurate picture of their mental health. She says the study is an important step in this research field, but the conclusions shouldn't be taken as scientific gospel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are animals. We are meant to move and if we don't, a lot of systems slow down, including our mood and cognition,\" says Baum. \"So it makes intuitive sense that exercise is beneficial, but it's nice to try to start to wrap our arms around being able to quantify and qualify that in some ways.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"niLzEHeKc0OvTkkSZEOcmbbxguEskHkj\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baum says she works with each of her patients to incorporate exercise into their lives. And she says this study will be a good jumping off point for more research on team sports and mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Baum and other researchers say getting someone who is depressed to start exercising is easier said than done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's all well and good to conclude that exercise whether it's done as a solo or a group pursuit is beneficial, but to get patients to do it is another matter and when you have a depressed patient motivation is often lacking,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chekroud says getting patients in general to stick to any kind of therapy is challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just exercises that people stop doing, they also stop taking medications. They stopped showing up for therapy,\" he says. \"Adherence is a big problem in health care right now,\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the study's findings could lead to more tools to help people reduce the overall burden of mental illness, now the leading contributor to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">global burden of disability\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The field is really crying out for things that we can do to help people with mental health issues,\" says Chekroud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For McCarney, team sports have helped him get a handle on his symptoms, he says. Before social gatherings, he often feels claustrophobic and panicked, but when he works through the anxiety and gets onto the field, he says it's always worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just gets you around people which I think is another huge thing when you're trying to maybe break out of a depressive cycle,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>How to Get Started\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For some people, the idea of joining a team or any kind of group fitness activity is terrifying. Here are a few tips for getting started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find a sports ambassador. \u003c/strong>Raglin recommends finding a \"sports ambassador,\" a friend who can connect you with a group sport or activity. The friend can get you up to speed on the sport and what's expected of you. Team sports may feel like a leap of faith, says Baum. But, she says the rewards are worth it. \"It's like playing in an orchestra — the sum being greater than the parts — truly thrilling when it all comes together,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Match your skill level.\u003c/strong> It's not hard to find amateur sports teams to join, on sites like meetup.com. A lot of workplaces also have team sport activities, but Raglin says you make sure the skill level is right for you. You're more likely to have a good experience and want to go back. \"There is nothing worse than being on a team where the skill or intensity of the players is way above or below your own level or the level of competition you were looking for,\" Raglin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Join a run or bike club.\u003c/strong> If you're not into team games, go to your local run shop or bike shop to find run communities, bike clubs or community rides to join. Raglin recommends the \u003ca href=\"https://november-project.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">November Project\u003c/a>, which is a free fitness program with chapters in major cities around the world that hosts workouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Put money on the line.\u003c/strong> If you really aren't into team activities, Baum says getting a personal trainer or signing up for a gym can \"help add a social element, and that all important accountability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Try the obvious thing first.\u003c/strong> Baum says to look at the activities you've done throughout your life and think about which ones worked best for you. She says she sometimes takes her patients running or walking with her for a therapy session to start modeling the types of exercises that could work for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sasa Woodruff is a freelance radio reporter and producer based in Los Angeles.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+New+Prescription+For+Depression%3A+Join+A+Team+And+Get+Sweaty&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Most people who struggle with depression and anxiety have heard that exercise is a mood-booster. But exercising with friends, especially playing a team sport may help even more.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1540229654,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1297},"headData":{"title":"A New Prescription For Depression: Join A Team And Get Sweaty | KQED","description":"Most people who struggle with depression and anxiety have heard that exercise is a mood-booster. But exercising with friends, especially playing a team sport may help even more.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"445140 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445140","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/22/a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty/","disqusTitle":"A New Prescription For Depression: Join A Team And Get Sweaty","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Sasa Woodruff, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Maria Fabrizio for NPR","nprStoryId":"656594050","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=656594050&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/22/656594050/a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty?ft=nprml&f=656594050","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 07:51:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 04:47:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 05:44:00 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181022_me_a_new_prescription_for_depression_join_a_team_and_get_sweaty.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=215&p=3&story=656594050&ft=nprml&f=656594050","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1659416519-5c5312.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=215&p=3&story=656594050&ft=nprml&f=656594050","audioTrackLength":216,"path":"/futureofyou/445140/a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181022_me_a_new_prescription_for_depression_join_a_team_and_get_sweaty.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=215&p=3&story=656594050&ft=nprml&f=656594050","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ryan \"China\" \u003ca href=\"https://adaa.org/living-with-anxiety/personal-stories/becoming-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">McCarney\u003c/a> has played sports his entire life, but sometimes he has to force himself to show up on the field to play pick-up soccer with his friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm dreading and I'm anticipating the worst. But I do it anyway. And then, it's a euphoric sensation when you're done with it because you end up having a great time,\" says McCarney.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarney was just 22 when he had his first panic attack. As a college and professional baseball player, he says getting help was stigmatized. It took him six years to get professional support. He still struggles with depression and social anxiety, but says exercising helps him — especially when it's with his teammates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows exercise can ease things like panic attacks or mood and sleep disorders, and a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(18)30227-X/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> in the journal, Lancet Psychiatry, found that popular team sports may have a slight edge over the other forms of physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers analyzed CDC survey data from 1.2 million adults and found — across age, gender, education status and income — people who exercised reported fewer days of bad mental health than those who didn't. And those who played team sports reported the fewest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the study's authors, \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/people/search/adam_chekroud-1.profile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adam Chekroud\u003c/a>, an assistant adjunct professor at Yale's School of Medicine, thinks team activity could add another layer of relief for sufferers of mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there are biological, cognitive and social aspects to mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some sports might just be hitting on more of those elements than other sports,\" he says. \"If you just run on a treadmill for example, it's clear that you're getting that biological stimulation. But perhaps there are other elements of depression that you're not going to be tapping into.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, this study only shows an association between group exercise and improved mental health, and can't prove that the one causes the other. But, given what is known about depression in particular, it adds up, says Jack Raglin, a professor in the department of kinesiology in the School of Public Health at Indiana University, Bloomington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who are depressed often isolate themselves, he says, so exercising in a group setting, \"can help alleviate symptoms and deal with this very pernicious symptom of depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Group exercise or team sports might also have an edge over other forms of exercise because they add an element of accountability, says Raglin. He did a study finding that couples who started an exercise program together had a lower dropout rate than those who started one on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study showed that \"very simple forms of social support can be beneficial,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don't know the exact mechanism that makes exercise elevate mood and decrease anxiety, but there is \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/12/exercise.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a body of research\u003c/a> to show that it does work on the short and long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you conceptualize exercise as a pill it means, well it's a rather small pill and easy to take and easy to tolerate,\" says Raglin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One limitation of the \u003cem>Lancet Psychiatry\u003c/em> study is the data is based on patients self-reporting their symptoms. Dr. Antonia Baum, a psychiatrist and the past president of the \u003ca href=\"https://sportspsychiatry.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Society for Sports Psychiatry\u003c/a> says patients don't always give an accurate picture of their mental health. She says the study is an important step in this research field, but the conclusions shouldn't be taken as scientific gospel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are animals. We are meant to move and if we don't, a lot of systems slow down, including our mood and cognition,\" says Baum. \"So it makes intuitive sense that exercise is beneficial, but it's nice to try to start to wrap our arms around being able to quantify and qualify that in some ways.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baum says she works with each of her patients to incorporate exercise into their lives. And she says this study will be a good jumping off point for more research on team sports and mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Baum and other researchers say getting someone who is depressed to start exercising is easier said than done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's all well and good to conclude that exercise whether it's done as a solo or a group pursuit is beneficial, but to get patients to do it is another matter and when you have a depressed patient motivation is often lacking,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chekroud says getting patients in general to stick to any kind of therapy is challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just exercises that people stop doing, they also stop taking medications. They stopped showing up for therapy,\" he says. \"Adherence is a big problem in health care right now,\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the study's findings could lead to more tools to help people reduce the overall burden of mental illness, now the leading contributor to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">global burden of disability\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The field is really crying out for things that we can do to help people with mental health issues,\" says Chekroud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For McCarney, team sports have helped him get a handle on his symptoms, he says. Before social gatherings, he often feels claustrophobic and panicked, but when he works through the anxiety and gets onto the field, he says it's always worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just gets you around people which I think is another huge thing when you're trying to maybe break out of a depressive cycle,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>How to Get Started\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For some people, the idea of joining a team or any kind of group fitness activity is terrifying. Here are a few tips for getting started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find a sports ambassador. \u003c/strong>Raglin recommends finding a \"sports ambassador,\" a friend who can connect you with a group sport or activity. The friend can get you up to speed on the sport and what's expected of you. Team sports may feel like a leap of faith, says Baum. But, she says the rewards are worth it. \"It's like playing in an orchestra — the sum being greater than the parts — truly thrilling when it all comes together,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Match your skill level.\u003c/strong> It's not hard to find amateur sports teams to join, on sites like meetup.com. A lot of workplaces also have team sport activities, but Raglin says you make sure the skill level is right for you. You're more likely to have a good experience and want to go back. \"There is nothing worse than being on a team where the skill or intensity of the players is way above or below your own level or the level of competition you were looking for,\" Raglin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Join a run or bike club.\u003c/strong> If you're not into team games, go to your local run shop or bike shop to find run communities, bike clubs or community rides to join. Raglin recommends the \u003ca href=\"https://november-project.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">November Project\u003c/a>, which is a free fitness program with chapters in major cities around the world that hosts workouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Put money on the line.\u003c/strong> If you really aren't into team activities, Baum says getting a personal trainer or signing up for a gym can \"help add a social element, and that all important accountability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Try the obvious thing first.\u003c/strong> Baum says to look at the activities you've done throughout your life and think about which ones worked best for you. She says she sometimes takes her patients running or walking with her for a therapy session to start modeling the types of exercises that could work for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sasa Woodruff is a freelance radio reporter and producer based in Los Angeles.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+New+Prescription+For+Depression%3A+Join+A+Team+And+Get+Sweaty&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445140/a-new-prescription-for-depression-join-a-team-and-get-sweaty","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445140"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_592","futureofyou_204","futureofyou_1497"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445141","label":"source_futureofyou_445140"},"futureofyou_445133":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445133","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445133","score":null,"sort":[1540229203000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"want-to-keep-your-brain-sharp-take-care-of-your-eyes-and-ears","title":"Want To Keep Your Brain Sharp? Take Care Of Your Eyes And Ears","publishDate":1540229203,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>By age 40, about 1 in 10 adults will experience some hearing loss. It happens so slowly and gradually, says audiologist Dina Rollins. \"You don't realize what you're missing.\" And even as it worsens, many people are in denial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time someone is convinced they have a hearing problem, age-related memory loss may have already set in. But there's good news. Restoring hearing with hearing aids can help slow down cognitive decline.[contextly_sidebar id=\"6YAV50tRbgqwIJiI86NoTCI17lxry3wy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider these findings: Researchers tracked about 2,000 older adults in the U.S. both before and after they started using hearing aids. The adults were participants in a big, national study called the \u003ca href=\"http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Health and Retirement Study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found the rate of cognitive decline was slowed by 75 percent following the adoption of hearing aids,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/asri.maharani.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asri Maharani\u003c/a>, a researcher at the University of Manchester in the division of neuroscience and experimental psychology and an author of the paper. \"It is a surprising result,\" Maharani says. The study was \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jgs.15363\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> this spring in the \u003cem>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To assess cognition over time, researchers performed a battery of face-to-face tests with participants. This was done every two years from 1996 to 2014. One test to assess memory required participants to recall a list of 10 words, both immediately after the words were read aloud and then again after the participants had been distracted by other tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We weren't expecting that hearing aid use would eliminate cognitive decline. That's just not going to happen\" because age-related decline is inevitable, explains \u003ca href=\"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/piers.dawes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Piers Dawes\u003c/a>, an experimental psychologist and another author of the study. \"But the reduction in the rate of change is quite substantial. It's a very intriguing finding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put the findings in context, consider that the slower rate of decline equates to remembering less than one more word on the 10-word recall test. So it's a small but measurable effect. And it adds to the evidence that hearing loss and cognitive decline are strongly linked.[contextly_sidebar id=\"AfcnhascoCNQ0xP8K2IKX6aiTBhqbp6H\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It makes sense, says Rollins. Consider what people are getting when their hearing is restored: \"Stimulating your ears stimulates the nerves that stimulate your brain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you get hearing aids, \"we're giving your ears back what they're missing, and giving your brain what it needs to make sense of what you're hearing,\" Rollins explains. And this can help you stay more stimulated and socially engaged. Rollins was not involved in the study. She's in practice in Silver Spring, Md.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rollins says people who have hearing loss might decline faster than those with normal hearing due to the loss of social stimulation. \"Social isolation is a huge part of hearing loss, and people will notice their loved ones withdrawing from conversation, or not going to family or social functions like they used to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rollins fits a lot of people with hearing aids, and sometimes they come in only after their loved ones insist on it. \"No one \u003cem>wants \u003c/em>to wear a hearing aid,\" Rollins says. \"Typically, there's convincing that needs to be done.\" There's still a stigma attached to wearing hearing aids. People think: \"I don't want to look old!\" But Rollins says the technology has improved a lot in recent years. And often, hearing aids are a lot less noticeable and are covered up by hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cost is another obstacle. With a price tag of $4,500 and upwards for high-end aids, they're not cheap. Less expensive options are available, but insurance plans typically don't cover the full cost. Some plans offer no benefit for hearing aids, and, in general, Medicare \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/11/600895543/can-you-hear-me-now-senate-bill-may-make-the-answer-yes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">does not cover the cost\u003c/a>, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people decide to get fitted with hearing aids, this step can improve quality of life. This is the case with Rollins' patient Lucien Johnson, 92, who was fitted with hearing aids a few weeks back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was tired of screaming,\" his wife, Carrie Johnson, tells us. And it was frustrating for Lucien as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes she thought I was ignoring her,\" Lucien says. But, really, he just didn't hear her speaking.[contextly_sidebar id=\"I4AgglSmwy1bzyUdMoNKByGDxN5TnrXK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Johnsons say they're communicating better now. Lucien went in to see Rollins for an adjustment recently. \"I need some fine-tuning,\" he told her. \"But so far, so good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another common condition as we age is the deterioration of vision, often because of cataracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New evidence shows that restoring vision by having cataract surgery can also slow cognitive decline. A companion study carried out by the same researchers and \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>PLOS One\u003c/em> this month evaluated the outcomes of about 2,000 older adults who had cataract surgery. They were all participants in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.elsa-project.ac.uk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English Longitudinal Study of Ageing,\u003c/a> which is carried out similarly to the U.S. Health and Retirement Survey. Participants are given periodic cognitive assessments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found the rate of cognitive decline was slowed by 50 percent following cataract surgery,\" explains Maharani. As with the outcome in the hearing aid study, restoring good vision can't eliminate cognitive decline, but this study suggests it can significantly slow the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many factors influence healthy aging, including lifestyle habits such as diet and physical activity. But Maharani and her co-authors say it's important to know that steps to correct vision and hearing loss can play into the equation as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Want+To+Keep+Your+Brain+Sharp%3F+Take+Care+Of+Your+Eyes+And+Ears&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Two large studies show that age-related memory loss can be slowed significantly when older people promptly address hearing and vision loss.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1540229331,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":923},"headData":{"title":"Want To Keep Your Brain Sharp? Take Care Of Your Eyes And Ears | KQED","description":"Two large studies show that age-related memory loss can be slowed significantly when older people promptly address hearing and vision loss.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"445133 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445133","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/22/want-to-keep-your-brain-sharp-take-care-of-your-eyes-and-ears/","disqusTitle":"Want To Keep Your Brain Sharp? Take Care Of Your Eyes And Ears","source":"DIY Health","nprByline":"Allison Aubrey, NPR","nprStoryId":"658810909","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=658810909&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/22/658810909/can-t-hear-well-fixing-hearing-loss-can-keep-your-memory-sharper?ft=nprml&f=658810909","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 11:37:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 04:48:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 22 Oct 2018 11:37:19 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181022_me_want_to_keep_your_brain_sharp_take_care_of_your_eyes_and_ears.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=206&p=3&story=658810909&ft=nprml&f=658810909","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1659416513-0ba446.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=206&p=3&story=658810909&ft=nprml&f=658810909","audioTrackLength":206,"path":"/futureofyou/445133/want-to-keep-your-brain-sharp-take-care-of-your-eyes-and-ears","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181022_me_want_to_keep_your_brain_sharp_take_care_of_your_eyes_and_ears.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=206&p=3&story=658810909&ft=nprml&f=658810909","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By age 40, about 1 in 10 adults will experience some hearing loss. It happens so slowly and gradually, says audiologist Dina Rollins. \"You don't realize what you're missing.\" And even as it worsens, many people are in denial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time someone is convinced they have a hearing problem, age-related memory loss may have already set in. But there's good news. Restoring hearing with hearing aids can help slow down cognitive decline.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider these findings: Researchers tracked about 2,000 older adults in the U.S. both before and after they started using hearing aids. The adults were participants in a big, national study called the \u003ca href=\"http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Health and Retirement Study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found the rate of cognitive decline was slowed by 75 percent following the adoption of hearing aids,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/asri.maharani.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asri Maharani\u003c/a>, a researcher at the University of Manchester in the division of neuroscience and experimental psychology and an author of the paper. \"It is a surprising result,\" Maharani says. The study was \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jgs.15363\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> this spring in the \u003cem>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To assess cognition over time, researchers performed a battery of face-to-face tests with participants. This was done every two years from 1996 to 2014. One test to assess memory required participants to recall a list of 10 words, both immediately after the words were read aloud and then again after the participants had been distracted by other tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We weren't expecting that hearing aid use would eliminate cognitive decline. That's just not going to happen\" because age-related decline is inevitable, explains \u003ca href=\"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/piers.dawes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Piers Dawes\u003c/a>, an experimental psychologist and another author of the study. \"But the reduction in the rate of change is quite substantial. It's a very intriguing finding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put the findings in context, consider that the slower rate of decline equates to remembering less than one more word on the 10-word recall test. So it's a small but measurable effect. And it adds to the evidence that hearing loss and cognitive decline are strongly linked.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It makes sense, says Rollins. Consider what people are getting when their hearing is restored: \"Stimulating your ears stimulates the nerves that stimulate your brain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you get hearing aids, \"we're giving your ears back what they're missing, and giving your brain what it needs to make sense of what you're hearing,\" Rollins explains. And this can help you stay more stimulated and socially engaged. Rollins was not involved in the study. She's in practice in Silver Spring, Md.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rollins says people who have hearing loss might decline faster than those with normal hearing due to the loss of social stimulation. \"Social isolation is a huge part of hearing loss, and people will notice their loved ones withdrawing from conversation, or not going to family or social functions like they used to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rollins fits a lot of people with hearing aids, and sometimes they come in only after their loved ones insist on it. \"No one \u003cem>wants \u003c/em>to wear a hearing aid,\" Rollins says. \"Typically, there's convincing that needs to be done.\" There's still a stigma attached to wearing hearing aids. People think: \"I don't want to look old!\" But Rollins says the technology has improved a lot in recent years. And often, hearing aids are a lot less noticeable and are covered up by hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cost is another obstacle. With a price tag of $4,500 and upwards for high-end aids, they're not cheap. Less expensive options are available, but insurance plans typically don't cover the full cost. Some plans offer no benefit for hearing aids, and, in general, Medicare \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/11/600895543/can-you-hear-me-now-senate-bill-may-make-the-answer-yes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">does not cover the cost\u003c/a>, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people decide to get fitted with hearing aids, this step can improve quality of life. This is the case with Rollins' patient Lucien Johnson, 92, who was fitted with hearing aids a few weeks back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was tired of screaming,\" his wife, Carrie Johnson, tells us. And it was frustrating for Lucien as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes she thought I was ignoring her,\" Lucien says. But, really, he just didn't hear her speaking.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Johnsons say they're communicating better now. Lucien went in to see Rollins for an adjustment recently. \"I need some fine-tuning,\" he told her. \"But so far, so good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another common condition as we age is the deterioration of vision, often because of cataracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New evidence shows that restoring vision by having cataract surgery can also slow cognitive decline. A companion study carried out by the same researchers and \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>PLOS One\u003c/em> this month evaluated the outcomes of about 2,000 older adults who had cataract surgery. They were all participants in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.elsa-project.ac.uk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English Longitudinal Study of Ageing,\u003c/a> which is carried out similarly to the U.S. Health and Retirement Survey. Participants are given periodic cognitive assessments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found the rate of cognitive decline was slowed by 50 percent following cataract surgery,\" explains Maharani. As with the outcome in the hearing aid study, restoring good vision can't eliminate cognitive decline, but this study suggests it can significantly slow the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many factors influence healthy aging, including lifestyle habits such as diet and physical activity. But Maharani and her co-authors say it's important to know that steps to correct vision and hearing loss can play into the equation as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Want+To+Keep+Your+Brain+Sharp%3F+Take+Care+Of+Your+Eyes+And+Ears&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445133/want-to-keep-your-brain-sharp-take-care-of-your-eyes-and-ears","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445133"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_56","futureofyou_1023","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_398","futureofyou_1632"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445136","label":"source_futureofyou_445133"},"futureofyou_445076":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445076","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445076","score":null,"sort":[1539968992000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-youth-are-failing-to-recognize-dangers-of-juul-e-cigarettes","title":"California Youth Are Failing to Recognize Dangers of Juul E-Cigarettes","publishDate":1539968992,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Young adults and teens who smoke Juul brand e-cigarettes are blissfully unaware of the health risks associated with the popular vape kit, according to a new study out of Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger users fail to recognize the addictive potential of Juul e-cigarettes, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2707425\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> study published Friday\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>JAMA Network Open.[contextly_sidebar id=\"EK9hFqM2yZUTzSOgfHFT52apU2Vgh1xK\"]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers said they found a \"worrisome disconnect\" between teens’ perceptions of their Juul use and actual addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's troubling since adolescents who use Juul e-cigarettes do so on a more regular basis than adolescents who use other forms of e-cigarettes, according to the study’s senior author and Stanford \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/adolescent/research/Research.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">professor Bonnie Halpern-Felsher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Juul said, \"We agree that underage use of JUUL is completely unacceptable and it is directly opposed to our mission of eliminating cigarettes by offering existing adult smokers a true alternative to combustible cigarettes. We stand committed to working with those who want to keep nicotine products out of the hands of young people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Growing Up With E-Cigs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first phase of the study, researchers interviewed more than 700 students in ninth and 12th grade in 2014 and 2015. Follow-up questionnaires were completed by 445 of the participants, who were by then in the 12th grade or a few years out of high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants who used e-cigarettes also completed a separate questionnaire assessing their degree of nicotine dependence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of all participants said they had heard of Juul, while about 16 percent said they had used it. Other e-cigarette brands were used by about 30 percent of participants, while conventional cigarettes were smoked by about 24 percent of participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two-thirds of users reported using more than one type of product. Among those who had tried Juul, nearly 60 percent reported that they had used the product within the last 30 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, participants who had tried other e-cigarette brands or conventional cigarettes, about 30 percent and 28 percent respectively, reported use within the last 30 days — a striking difference between Juul users and users of other tobacco products.[contextly_sidebar id=\"o8Fym2tNlF7cBkD0KG2bbPnUmKXrgLdI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also found that younger users were showing signs of addiction but not reporting it. In other words, there was a disconnect between what they were actually experiencing and their perception of the product's addiction potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halpern-Felsher says the findings raise serious concerns about higher rates of addiction among Juul users. Especially since users expressed the view that Juul e-cigarettes are less harmful or addictive than the other products mentioned in the survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juul e-cigarettes account for two-thirds of the nation's e-cigarette market. They contain more nicotine than competing brands of e-cigarettes, according to the study. Nicotine \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/tobacco/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has been\u003c/a> linked to cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not clear on the package how much nicotine is in there and how harmful nicotine can be,\" says Halpern-Felsher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The label says it contains five percent nicotine, but to a young person that may not seem like much, according to Halpern-Felsher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that Juul products contain 59 mg of nicotine per milliliter, which is comparable to about a pack-and-a-half to two packs of cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other forms of e-cigarettes have anywhere between 0 to around 36 mg per milliliter.[contextly_sidebar id=\"yBQAN1uArOrCWBWhXStG5szdMxIJkw7D\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-cigarette use in adolescents is particularly alarming since nicotine can change the brain of an adolescent, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4560573/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">making it easier\u003c/a> for the user to be calm while addicted to that substance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Halpern-Felsher says there's a higher possibility of addiction during adolescence than if the user had started using the product as an adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Public Perception\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers blame marketing and advertisements for the gap between reality and public perception among younger users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juul has come under sharp criticism for designing e-cigarettes that appeal to the youth market. Their products use flavored nicotine-containing liquids, such as cool mint and dessert flavors, that are inhaled from colorful pods resembling USB flash drives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/PublicHealthEducation/PublicEducationCampaigns/TheRealCostCampaign/ucm620783.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently launched a\u003c/a> campaign to warn youths about the health risks and to stop Juul sales to young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halpern-Felsher says that youth are more likely to use tobacco products that come in flavors. She notes that only one of the participants in the study used the plain tobacco flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study emphasizes the need for better public-health campaigns highlighting the health risks of e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Juul users aren't aware of the amount of nicotine in the product,\" says Halpern-Felsher. \"We really need to have a discussion about the amount of nicotine in these products. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also recommends increased regulation of e-cigarette flavors and how they are advertised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Juul needs to report more accurately and in plain English,\" she says. \"And in a way that everybody understands how much nicotine is in there.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"U.S. youth are failing to appreciate the addiction potential of the e-cigarette, according to a new Stanford study. The way the products are marketed are partly to blame.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1539990484,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":829},"headData":{"title":"California Youth Are Failing to Recognize Dangers of Juul E-Cigarettes | KQED","description":"U.S. youth are failing to appreciate the addiction potential of the e-cigarette, according to a new Stanford study. The way the products are marketed are partly to blame.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"445076 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445076","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/19/california-youth-are-failing-to-recognize-dangers-of-juul-e-cigarettes/","disqusTitle":"California Youth Are Failing to Recognize Dangers of Juul E-Cigarettes","source":"Health","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2018/10/KlivansJuulAddiction.mp3","nprByline":"Laura Klivans and Amel Ahmed","path":"/futureofyou/445076/california-youth-are-failing-to-recognize-dangers-of-juul-e-cigarettes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Young adults and teens who smoke Juul brand e-cigarettes are blissfully unaware of the health risks associated with the popular vape kit, according to a new study out of Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger users fail to recognize the addictive potential of Juul e-cigarettes, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2707425\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> study published Friday\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>JAMA Network Open.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers said they found a \"worrisome disconnect\" between teens’ perceptions of their Juul use and actual addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's troubling since adolescents who use Juul e-cigarettes do so on a more regular basis than adolescents who use other forms of e-cigarettes, according to the study’s senior author and Stanford \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/adolescent/research/Research.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">professor Bonnie Halpern-Felsher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Juul said, \"We agree that underage use of JUUL is completely unacceptable and it is directly opposed to our mission of eliminating cigarettes by offering existing adult smokers a true alternative to combustible cigarettes. We stand committed to working with those who want to keep nicotine products out of the hands of young people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Growing Up With E-Cigs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first phase of the study, researchers interviewed more than 700 students in ninth and 12th grade in 2014 and 2015. Follow-up questionnaires were completed by 445 of the participants, who were by then in the 12th grade or a few years out of high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants who used e-cigarettes also completed a separate questionnaire assessing their degree of nicotine dependence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of all participants said they had heard of Juul, while about 16 percent said they had used it. Other e-cigarette brands were used by about 30 percent of participants, while conventional cigarettes were smoked by about 24 percent of participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two-thirds of users reported using more than one type of product. Among those who had tried Juul, nearly 60 percent reported that they had used the product within the last 30 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, participants who had tried other e-cigarette brands or conventional cigarettes, about 30 percent and 28 percent respectively, reported use within the last 30 days — a striking difference between Juul users and users of other tobacco products.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also found that younger users were showing signs of addiction but not reporting it. In other words, there was a disconnect between what they were actually experiencing and their perception of the product's addiction potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halpern-Felsher says the findings raise serious concerns about higher rates of addiction among Juul users. Especially since users expressed the view that Juul e-cigarettes are less harmful or addictive than the other products mentioned in the survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juul e-cigarettes account for two-thirds of the nation's e-cigarette market. They contain more nicotine than competing brands of e-cigarettes, according to the study. Nicotine \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/tobacco/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has been\u003c/a> linked to cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not clear on the package how much nicotine is in there and how harmful nicotine can be,\" says Halpern-Felsher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The label says it contains five percent nicotine, but to a young person that may not seem like much, according to Halpern-Felsher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that Juul products contain 59 mg of nicotine per milliliter, which is comparable to about a pack-and-a-half to two packs of cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other forms of e-cigarettes have anywhere between 0 to around 36 mg per milliliter.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-cigarette use in adolescents is particularly alarming since nicotine can change the brain of an adolescent, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4560573/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">making it easier\u003c/a> for the user to be calm while addicted to that substance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Halpern-Felsher says there's a higher possibility of addiction during adolescence than if the user had started using the product as an adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Public Perception\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers blame marketing and advertisements for the gap between reality and public perception among younger users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juul has come under sharp criticism for designing e-cigarettes that appeal to the youth market. Their products use flavored nicotine-containing liquids, such as cool mint and dessert flavors, that are inhaled from colorful pods resembling USB flash drives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/PublicHealthEducation/PublicEducationCampaigns/TheRealCostCampaign/ucm620783.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently launched a\u003c/a> campaign to warn youths about the health risks and to stop Juul sales to young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halpern-Felsher says that youth are more likely to use tobacco products that come in flavors. She notes that only one of the participants in the study used the plain tobacco flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study emphasizes the need for better public-health campaigns highlighting the health risks of e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Juul users aren't aware of the amount of nicotine in the product,\" says Halpern-Felsher. \"We really need to have a discussion about the amount of nicotine in these products. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also recommends increased regulation of e-cigarette flavors and how they are advertised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Juul needs to report more accurately and in plain English,\" she says. \"And in a way that everybody understands how much nicotine is in there.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445076/california-youth-are-failing-to-recognize-dangers-of-juul-e-cigarettes","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445076"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1479","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_1138","futureofyou_1478","futureofyou_1434"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445087","label":"source_futureofyou_445076"},"futureofyou_445095":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_445095","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"445095","score":null,"sort":[1539966226000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"open-those-blinds-sunlight-helps-kill-indoor-bacteria","title":"Open Those Blinds: Sunlight Helps Kill Indoor Bacteria","publishDate":1539966226,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Even before Florence Nightingale advised that hospitals be designed to let daylight in, people observed that sunshine helps keep you healthy. But there was not much research to explain why that's the case, especially inside buildings.[contextly_sidebar id=\"IjvS3scrk3CCEGum7zZ7aa5YWo6TitWh\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Oregon set up a study of dusty, dollhouse-size rooms to compare what happens in rooms exposed to daylight through regular glass, rooms exposed to only ultraviolet light and those kept dark. They used a mix of dust collected from actual homes in the Portland area and let the miniature rooms sit outdoors while keeping the insides at a normal room temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 90 days (because that's how long dust can hang around, even if you vacuumed), they sampled the dust and analyzed the types of bacteria present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they found surprised them and confirmed what your grandmother already knew: Rooms exposed to daylight have fewer germs. In fact, the study showed that the lit rooms had about half the viable bacteria (those that are able to grow), compared with dark rooms. Rooms that were exposed only to UV light had just slightly less viable bacteria than ones exposed to daylight. Their research was \u003ca href=\"https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-018-0559-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Microbiome.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since we spend \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/what-your-dust-says-about-you\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">so much time indoors\u003c/a>, the new research could give insights into the relationship between air quality and light. \"I think it's a novel study because they looked at the effect of visible light, and they were also looking at real bacterial communities and real household dust,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.air.cee.vt.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Linsey Marr\u003c/a>, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Virginia Tech who specializes in indoor air quality and was not involved with this study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study's lead author,\u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ashkaan_Fahimipour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Ashkaan Fahimipour\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Oregon's Biology and the Built Environment Center, says he was surprised that the visible light and the UV light performed so similarly to keep bacteria down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers looked at both types of light because UV is known to be a good disinfectant and is used to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/07/27/632393234/which-water-is-best-for-health-hint-dont-discount-the-tap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clean drinking water\u003c/a>. Yet typical window glass filters out most UV light.[contextly_sidebar id=\"4QgoB7NXdj3QdtESGYlnpqlI9RBpqxdt\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another surprising thing was the amount of microbes that were viable in dust. Earlier studies didn't suggest it would be as much, says co-author \u003ca href=\"https://archenvironment.uoregon.edu/architecture/kevin-van-den-wymelenberg\">Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg\u003c/a>, co-director of the Biology and the Built Environment Center at the University of Oregon. That's because \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/282/1814/20151139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indoor dust\u003c/a> is like a desert — it's too dry for most bacteria or other things to grow. This study found 12 percent of bacteria in dark rooms were viable compared to 6.8 percent in rooms with daylight and 6.1 percent in rooms exposed to UV light only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it may not sound like much, \"6 percent of millions of cells is still a lot of microbes,\" Van Den Wymelenberg says. \"Until now, daylighting [illuminating a building with natural light] has been about visual comfort or broad health. But now we can say daylighting influences air quality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The daylit rooms in the study also had less of the types of bacteria associated with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104662183\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">human skin\u003c/a>, which people shed as they move around indoors, and more closely resembled outdoor bacterial communities. Some of the human-associated bacteria species that didn't survive in the lighted rooms are from a family of bacteria known to cause \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894335/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">respiratory disease\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their future work, the researchers said they'd like to design studies to determine how much light is necessary to kill microbes so architects can begin to design buildings with that in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, researchers have learned from trying to eradicate all germs in hospital and laboratory clean rooms that it's really hard to get rid of microbes wholesale. \"Sanitizing isn't the best approach,\" Fahimipour says. And some microbes are actually good for us, like the ones in yogurt. Someday, he says, \"it may be better to enrich an indoor setting with microbes that are not harmful or even [with those that are] beneficial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kathleen O'Neil is a freelance science writer who lives in the Washington, D.C., area. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Grandma+Was+Right%3A+Sunshine+Helps+Kill+Germs+Indoors&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"All kinds of bacteria live with us indoors, and some can make us sick. A new study shows that rooms exposed to light had about half the live bacteria found in rooms that were kept in darkness.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1539966391,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":702},"headData":{"title":"Open Those Blinds: Sunlight Helps Kill Indoor Bacteria | KQED","description":"All kinds of bacteria live with us indoors, and some can make us sick. A new study shows that rooms exposed to light had about half the live bacteria found in rooms that were kept in darkness.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"445095 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=445095","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/19/open-those-blinds-sunlight-helps-kill-indoor-bacteria/","disqusTitle":"Open Those Blinds: Sunlight Helps Kill Indoor Bacteria","source":"DIY Health","nprImageCredit":"Dave G Kelly","nprByline":"Kathleen O'Neil, NPR","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"658335490","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=658335490&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/10/18/658335490/grandma-was-right-sunshine-helps-kill-germs-indoors?ft=nprml&f=658335490","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 19 Oct 2018 00:51:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 18 Oct 2018 10:51:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 19 Oct 2018 00:51:25 -0400","path":"/futureofyou/445095/open-those-blinds-sunlight-helps-kill-indoor-bacteria","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even before Florence Nightingale advised that hospitals be designed to let daylight in, people observed that sunshine helps keep you healthy. But there was not much research to explain why that's the case, especially inside buildings.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Oregon set up a study of dusty, dollhouse-size rooms to compare what happens in rooms exposed to daylight through regular glass, rooms exposed to only ultraviolet light and those kept dark. They used a mix of dust collected from actual homes in the Portland area and let the miniature rooms sit outdoors while keeping the insides at a normal room temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 90 days (because that's how long dust can hang around, even if you vacuumed), they sampled the dust and analyzed the types of bacteria present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they found surprised them and confirmed what your grandmother already knew: Rooms exposed to daylight have fewer germs. In fact, the study showed that the lit rooms had about half the viable bacteria (those that are able to grow), compared with dark rooms. Rooms that were exposed only to UV light had just slightly less viable bacteria than ones exposed to daylight. Their research was \u003ca href=\"https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-018-0559-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published\u003c/a> Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Microbiome.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since we spend \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/what-your-dust-says-about-you\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">so much time indoors\u003c/a>, the new research could give insights into the relationship between air quality and light. \"I think it's a novel study because they looked at the effect of visible light, and they were also looking at real bacterial communities and real household dust,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.air.cee.vt.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Linsey Marr\u003c/a>, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Virginia Tech who specializes in indoor air quality and was not involved with this study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study's lead author,\u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ashkaan_Fahimipour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Ashkaan Fahimipour\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Oregon's Biology and the Built Environment Center, says he was surprised that the visible light and the UV light performed so similarly to keep bacteria down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers looked at both types of light because UV is known to be a good disinfectant and is used to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/07/27/632393234/which-water-is-best-for-health-hint-dont-discount-the-tap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clean drinking water\u003c/a>. Yet typical window glass filters out most UV light.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another surprising thing was the amount of microbes that were viable in dust. Earlier studies didn't suggest it would be as much, says co-author \u003ca href=\"https://archenvironment.uoregon.edu/architecture/kevin-van-den-wymelenberg\">Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg\u003c/a>, co-director of the Biology and the Built Environment Center at the University of Oregon. That's because \u003ca href=\"http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/282/1814/20151139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indoor dust\u003c/a> is like a desert — it's too dry for most bacteria or other things to grow. This study found 12 percent of bacteria in dark rooms were viable compared to 6.8 percent in rooms with daylight and 6.1 percent in rooms exposed to UV light only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it may not sound like much, \"6 percent of millions of cells is still a lot of microbes,\" Van Den Wymelenberg says. \"Until now, daylighting [illuminating a building with natural light] has been about visual comfort or broad health. But now we can say daylighting influences air quality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The daylit rooms in the study also had less of the types of bacteria associated with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104662183\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">human skin\u003c/a>, which people shed as they move around indoors, and more closely resembled outdoor bacterial communities. Some of the human-associated bacteria species that didn't survive in the lighted rooms are from a family of bacteria known to cause \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894335/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">respiratory disease\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their future work, the researchers said they'd like to design studies to determine how much light is necessary to kill microbes so architects can begin to design buildings with that in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, researchers have learned from trying to eradicate all germs in hospital and laboratory clean rooms that it's really hard to get rid of microbes wholesale. \"Sanitizing isn't the best approach,\" Fahimipour says. And some microbes are actually good for us, like the ones in yogurt. Someday, he says, \"it may be better to enrich an indoor setting with microbes that are not harmful or even [with those that are] beneficial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kathleen O'Neil is a freelance science writer who lives in the Washington, D.C., area. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Grandma+Was+Right%3A+Sunshine+Helps+Kill+Germs+Indoors&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/445095/open-those-blinds-sunlight-helps-kill-indoor-bacteria","authors":["byline_futureofyou_445095"],"categories":["futureofyou_1060","futureofyou_1"],"tags":["futureofyou_1231","futureofyou_1576","futureofyou_61","futureofyou_690","futureofyou_1631"],"collections":["futureofyou_1093"],"featImg":"futureofyou_445096","label":"source_futureofyou_445095"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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