Michael Pollan Explains Caffeine Cravings (And Why You Don't Have To Quit)
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Pollan gave up caffeine entirely for three months while working on his audiobook, Caffeine. \"I recommend it,\" he says of his time without the drug. \"I had some great sleeps.\" But he didn't realize that a temporary \"loss of confidence\" and lack of focus were withdrawal symptoms.","credit":"Abdulrhman Al Shidokhi/Getty Images","description":"Michael Pollan gave up caffeine entirely for three months while working on his audiobook, Caffeine. \"I recommend it,\" he says of his time without the drug. \"I had some great sleeps.\" But he didn't realize that a temporary \"loss of confidence\" and lack of focus were withdrawal symptoms.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/02/coffee-gettyimages-978556408_resized-160x106.jpg","width":160,"height":106,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/02/coffee-gettyimages-978556408_resized-800x530.jpg","width":800,"height":530,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/02/coffee-gettyimages-978556408_resized-768x509.jpg","width":768,"height":509,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/02/coffee-gettyimages-978556408_resized-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/02/coffee-gettyimages-978556408_resized.jpg","width":800,"height":530}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_bayareabites_136232":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_bayareabites_136232","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_bayareabites_136232","name":"Terry Gross","isLoading":false},"catherine-nash":{"type":"authors","id":"5023","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"5023","found":true},"name":"Catherine Nash","firstName":"Catherine","lastName":"Nash","slug":"catherine-nash","email":"catherinewnash@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"I grew up in the South where it was common for a meal to include more platters of food than people. I survived on a childhood of sausage biscuits, fried chicken, fried clams, ham rolls, shrimp cocktail, pickled peaches, homemade ice cream, and lemon tarts, and I thought that getting your tomatoes from a paper bag your neighbor left on the doorstep or knowing the name of your favorite corn was normal (Silver Queen was mine). Now I'm a San Francisco-based freelance food writer who's been published in Olive magazine, Best Food Writing, the Oakland Tribune, The Onion, Northside San Francisco and other local publications. As most of my attempts to reproduce childhood favorites in my own kitchen have ended in crushing disappointment, I eat out four to five times a week and cook healthy meals when I'm at home.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99159db1e7c457e5d3067b6ce938b56a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Catherine Nash | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99159db1e7c457e5d3067b6ce938b56a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99159db1e7c457e5d3067b6ce938b56a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/catherine-nash"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"arts","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"bayareabites_136232":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_136232","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"136232","score":null,"sort":[1581367722000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"michael-pollan-explains-caffeine-cravings-and-why-you-dont-have-to-quit","title":"Michael Pollan Explains Caffeine Cravings (And Why You Don't Have To Quit)","publishDate":1581367722,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>[aside postID='bayareabites_136052,bayareabites_133282,bayareabites_130682' label='More Stories for You']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After wrapping up \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/books/titles/611229306/how-to-change-your-mind-what-the-new-science-of-psychedelics-teaches-us-about-co\">his book\u003c/a> about the potential therapeutic benefits of psychedelic drugs, author Michael Pollan turned his attention to a drug that's hidden \"in plain sight\" in many people's lives: caffeine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here's a drug we use every day. ... We never think about it as a drug or an addiction, but that's exactly what it is,\" Pollan says. \"I thought, why not explore that relationship?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollan's new audiobook, \u003cem>Caffeine, \u003c/em>explores the science of caffeine addiction and withdrawal — and the broader impact coffee and tea have had on the modern world. Caffeine, he says, is a powerful drug that alters the brain in surprising ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are studies that show that people's both \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5107567/\">mental performance\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19088794-caffeine-and-sports-performance/\">athletic performance\u003c/a> are improved by coffee,\" he says. \"If you have a cup of coffee after you've learned something or read a textbook chapter, you are more likely to test better on it the next day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only when he quit caffeine cold turkey that Pollan fully appreciated the mental and psychological boost his morning cup of coffee had provided: \"I just couldn't focus,\" he says. \"I lost confidence. The whole book seemed like a really stupid idea. And loss of confidence is actually listed as one of the symptoms of caffeine withdrawal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually the withdrawal symptoms subsided. Pollan lasted three months without caffeine — during which time, he says, his quality of sleep improved markedly. But now his research is complete and he's returned to his daily caffeine fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the word 'addiction' has a lot of moral baggage attached to it,\" he says. \"As [Johns Hopkins researcher] Roland Griffeth told me, if you have a steady supply of something, you can afford it and it's not interfering with your life, there's nothing wrong with being addicted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview highlights \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his experience of giving up caffeine for three months\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thing that really struck me was that I've never had [attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]. I can focus pretty well. I felt like, oh, this is what ADHD is like. I can't keep stuff out of the peripheries. The peripheral information and sense data keeps rushing in and getting in the way. I felt like I was a horse that had taken its blinders off, and suddenly I could see too many degrees of circumference. So that was a real problem for working. I really had trouble sitting and writing and staying still.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few days, this began to lift. I think anyone who delays having their morning cup of coffee knows what I'm talking about, but there was a kind of a sense of a veil or fog that had descended between me and reality. I was just kind of muzzy-headed and that gradually lifted. But I have to say, even weeks later, I felt like there was a little mental hitch between me and reality. I felt as if this wasn't my natural language — speaking in another language, which never goes that well or that smoothly. ... I got over it eventually, and I wrote a big chunk of the piece without the influence of caffeine. ... But it was an interesting three months. I recommend it actually. I think it's a really interesting exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how going without caffeine improved his sleep \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was amazing. I was sleeping like a teenager again. I would pop off, and just sleep through the night — which I don't do that often. And I had some great sleeps. I guess that was the the big compensating benefit of giving up caffeine. ... Caffeine is the enemy of good sleep. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a problem in ways we don't perceive, because caffeine undermines the quality — not necessarily the quantity — but the quality of our sleep. And specifically, one very particular kind of sleep, which I'd never heard of before, called \"slow wave\" or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/10/31/775068218/how-deep-sleep-may-help-the-brain-clear-alzheimers-toxins\">deep sleep\u003c/a>. This isn't REM sleep where you're having dreams, or light sleep. This is a really deep place you go for not that long a part of the night, but it's really important to your mental and physical health. It's where these slow waves start radiating from the front of your brain into the back, and they kind of harmonize all the neurons, get them on the same page. It's where you kind of take memories from short-term working memory and put them in their proper place. It's like cleaning up the desktop on your computer at the end of the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/16/558058812/sleep-scientist-warns-against-walking-through-life-in-an-underslept-state\">Matt Walker\u003c/a>, the psychologist who wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/books/titles/558061359/why-we-sleep-unlocking-the-power-of-sleep-and-dreams\">\u003cem>Why We Sleep\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, thinks that this is very important to our health to have sufficient amounts of deep sleep. As we get older, we have less of it naturally. And coffee or tea cuts into that, even if you stop drinking it, say, at noon, because caffeine has a very long half-life and quarter-life. So, for example, the caffeine you ingest at noon — a quarter of it is still circulating in your bloodstream at midnight. It's still around. And this is the subtle and, perhaps, insidious effect it's having on you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how caffeine withdrawal works \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's beginning when you wake up. I mean, you haven't had coffee or tea since sometime the day before. ... All those people who tell you, \"I'm not civil\" [or] \"I'm not fit for human conversation until I have a cup of coffee.\" They're beginning to go through that withdrawal. They're starting to feel a little off — that muzzy-ness is coming in. Maybe they have a headache. Maybe they're a little irritable. And then they have that cup of coffee and the pleasure they're getting from it, I learned, is not simply the lift, the euphoric lift of the drug. It's the suppression of the symptoms of withdrawal. We go through that cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things you learn when you take a caffeine fast, as I did, is that the experience of caffeine is very different to a caffeine virgin or a restored caffeine virgin, as I was, than it is to someone who's addicted. Those people [who are addicted] are getting a little bit of lift, but mostly what they're getting is the relief from these symptoms that are about to come down on them. And that feels pretty good. You're back to baseline. But when you're off for a few months, man, it's something else. It's a very powerful drug experience. And I was not prepared for it at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how caffeine keeps us alert\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a neurotransmitter called \u003ca href=\"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Adenosine\">adenosine\u003c/a>. ... Over the course of the day, levels of it rise and its job is to gradually make us tired — create what's called \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/705224359?storyId=705224359?storyId=705224359\">sleep pressure\u003c/a>. So, eventually, we turn out the lights and go to sleep, [and] there is a receptor that the adenosine fits into. And, as it turns out, caffeine fits into the same receptor — it gets there before the adenosine has a chance to. So it essentially blocks the action of that neurotransmitter — you never get the signal that you're tired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='large' align='right' citation='Michael Pollan']'Caffeine really helps capitalism conquer the frontier of night. ... To break those circadian rhythms is a huge deal.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, though, the adenosine — it's not like it goes away. It keeps building up the level in your bloodstream, keeps building up, so that when the caffeine is finally metabolized and the receptors are available again. Voom! You get hit by a flood of adenosine and you get really tired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what would you do then? Well, you'd have another cup of coffee and start the cycle all over again. ... That's what keeps us awake. That's the alertness of caffeine. But it does also act on some other network, such as the dopamine network, and that's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/11/23/566034172/human-brains-have-evolved-unique-feel-good-circuits\">part of what gives us the euphoria\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how caffeine helped capitalism \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have these circadian rhythms that organize and govern our lives — and they're hard to break. And I don't know that you could ever have had a night shift or even a late shift before you had caffeine. Caffeine really helps capitalism conquer the frontier of night. And that's why it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/04/07/396664685/tea-tuesdays-how-tea-sugar-reshaped-the-british-empire\">so important to the industrial revolution\u003c/a>, where you had these expensive machines you wanted to keep running all night and you moved to two and three shifts. Did people work at night before that? Not very much. That's why I do think the impact on the modern world has been profound and that this has had a huge effect on our civilization and and on ourselves. To break those circadian rhythms is a huge deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How coffee and tea historically relied on slave labor \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a really ugly history behind both of them. [On] the early \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/11/12/244563532/photos-reveal-harsh-detail-of-brazils-history-with-slavery\">coffee plantations in Brazil\u003c/a>, all the workers were slaves. But even later, when you have post-slavery Central America, these were brutal places to work. The thing about growing coffee and tea is you need a lot of labor, because the shrubs have to be pruned. I went coffee picking in Colombia and it's really hard work. It's kind of a spiky plant and it grows on such a steep hillside. You can't get your footing. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a very dark history. And like a lot of things, we're participating in these commodity chains and we have no idea what's behind it. I mean, who among us has seen a coffee plant or a tea plant, except in photography? But at the other end of those food chains, it has often been quite a bit of brutality. And, of course, coffee and tea drove demand for sugar, and sugar was at the very heart of the slave trade in the Caribbean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how climate change could affect coffee production \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a very demanding plant, and it's very picky. It has to have exactly the right altitude, water ... all this kind of stuff, which is concerning now because coffee faces a tremendous threat from climate change. There is a narrow band of conditions that make coffee happy. And the estimates now [from] the climate scientists — and this will be alarming to the fellow addicts out there — is that 50 percent of the coffee-growing regions will not be able to support the coffee plant by 2050. So capitalism may be killing the golden goose as climate change undermines coffee production. ... We may look back and say we lived in this golden age of good coffee that lasted from 1966 to 2050 — and then it'll be downhill from there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sam Briger and Thea Chaloner produced and edited the audio of this interview. Bridget Bentz and Molly Seavy-Nesper adapted it for the Web.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 Fresh Air. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/\">Fresh Air\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Michael+Pollan+Explains+Caffeine+Cravings+%28And+Why+You+Don%27t+Have+To+Quit%29&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"When Pollan decided to write about caffeine, he gave it up — cold turkey. \"I just couldn't focus,\" he says. \"I was irritable. I lost confidence.\" Caffeine reshapes the brain in surprising ways.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1581368748,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1867},"headData":{"title":"Michael Pollan Explains Caffeine Cravings (And Why You Don't Have To Quit) | KQED","description":"When Pollan decided to write about caffeine, he gave it up — cold turkey. "I just couldn't focus," he says. "I was irritable. I lost confidence." Caffeine reshapes the brain in surprising ways.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"136232 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=136232","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2020/02/10/michael-pollan-explains-caffeine-cravings-and-why-you-dont-have-to-quit/","disqusTitle":"Michael Pollan Explains Caffeine Cravings (And Why You Don't Have To Quit)","nprImageCredit":"Abdulrhman Al Shidokhi","nprByline":"Terry Gross","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"803394030","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=803394030&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/02/10/803394030/michael-pollan-explains-caffeine-cravings-and-why-you-dont-have-to-quit?ft=nprml&f=803394030","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 10 Feb 2020 13:50:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 10 Feb 2020 12:00:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 10 Feb 2020 12:24:01 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/fa/2020/02/20200210_fa_01.mp3?orgId=427869011&topicId=1128&d=2151&p=13&story=803394030&ft=nprml&f=803394030","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1804561298-2b6039.m3u?orgId=427869011&topicId=1128&d=2151&p=13&story=803394030&ft=nprml&f=803394030","path":"/bayareabites/136232/michael-pollan-explains-caffeine-cravings-and-why-you-dont-have-to-quit","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/fa/2020/02/20200210_fa_01.mp3?orgId=427869011&topicId=1128&d=2151&p=13&story=803394030&ft=nprml&f=803394030","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"bayareabites_136052,bayareabites_133282,bayareabites_130682","label":"More Stories for You "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After wrapping up \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/books/titles/611229306/how-to-change-your-mind-what-the-new-science-of-psychedelics-teaches-us-about-co\">his book\u003c/a> about the potential therapeutic benefits of psychedelic drugs, author Michael Pollan turned his attention to a drug that's hidden \"in plain sight\" in many people's lives: caffeine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here's a drug we use every day. ... We never think about it as a drug or an addiction, but that's exactly what it is,\" Pollan says. \"I thought, why not explore that relationship?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollan's new audiobook, \u003cem>Caffeine, \u003c/em>explores the science of caffeine addiction and withdrawal — and the broader impact coffee and tea have had on the modern world. Caffeine, he says, is a powerful drug that alters the brain in surprising ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are studies that show that people's both \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5107567/\">mental performance\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19088794-caffeine-and-sports-performance/\">athletic performance\u003c/a> are improved by coffee,\" he says. \"If you have a cup of coffee after you've learned something or read a textbook chapter, you are more likely to test better on it the next day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only when he quit caffeine cold turkey that Pollan fully appreciated the mental and psychological boost his morning cup of coffee had provided: \"I just couldn't focus,\" he says. \"I lost confidence. The whole book seemed like a really stupid idea. And loss of confidence is actually listed as one of the symptoms of caffeine withdrawal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually the withdrawal symptoms subsided. Pollan lasted three months without caffeine — during which time, he says, his quality of sleep improved markedly. But now his research is complete and he's returned to his daily caffeine fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the word 'addiction' has a lot of moral baggage attached to it,\" he says. \"As [Johns Hopkins researcher] Roland Griffeth told me, if you have a steady supply of something, you can afford it and it's not interfering with your life, there's nothing wrong with being addicted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview highlights \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his experience of giving up caffeine for three months\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thing that really struck me was that I've never had [attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]. I can focus pretty well. I felt like, oh, this is what ADHD is like. I can't keep stuff out of the peripheries. The peripheral information and sense data keeps rushing in and getting in the way. I felt like I was a horse that had taken its blinders off, and suddenly I could see too many degrees of circumference. So that was a real problem for working. I really had trouble sitting and writing and staying still.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few days, this began to lift. I think anyone who delays having their morning cup of coffee knows what I'm talking about, but there was a kind of a sense of a veil or fog that had descended between me and reality. I was just kind of muzzy-headed and that gradually lifted. But I have to say, even weeks later, I felt like there was a little mental hitch between me and reality. I felt as if this wasn't my natural language — speaking in another language, which never goes that well or that smoothly. ... I got over it eventually, and I wrote a big chunk of the piece without the influence of caffeine. ... But it was an interesting three months. I recommend it actually. I think it's a really interesting exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how going without caffeine improved his sleep \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was amazing. I was sleeping like a teenager again. I would pop off, and just sleep through the night — which I don't do that often. And I had some great sleeps. I guess that was the the big compensating benefit of giving up caffeine. ... Caffeine is the enemy of good sleep. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a problem in ways we don't perceive, because caffeine undermines the quality — not necessarily the quantity — but the quality of our sleep. And specifically, one very particular kind of sleep, which I'd never heard of before, called \"slow wave\" or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/10/31/775068218/how-deep-sleep-may-help-the-brain-clear-alzheimers-toxins\">deep sleep\u003c/a>. This isn't REM sleep where you're having dreams, or light sleep. This is a really deep place you go for not that long a part of the night, but it's really important to your mental and physical health. It's where these slow waves start radiating from the front of your brain into the back, and they kind of harmonize all the neurons, get them on the same page. It's where you kind of take memories from short-term working memory and put them in their proper place. It's like cleaning up the desktop on your computer at the end of the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/16/558058812/sleep-scientist-warns-against-walking-through-life-in-an-underslept-state\">Matt Walker\u003c/a>, the psychologist who wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/books/titles/558061359/why-we-sleep-unlocking-the-power-of-sleep-and-dreams\">\u003cem>Why We Sleep\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, thinks that this is very important to our health to have sufficient amounts of deep sleep. As we get older, we have less of it naturally. And coffee or tea cuts into that, even if you stop drinking it, say, at noon, because caffeine has a very long half-life and quarter-life. So, for example, the caffeine you ingest at noon — a quarter of it is still circulating in your bloodstream at midnight. It's still around. And this is the subtle and, perhaps, insidious effect it's having on you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how caffeine withdrawal works \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's beginning when you wake up. I mean, you haven't had coffee or tea since sometime the day before. ... All those people who tell you, \"I'm not civil\" [or] \"I'm not fit for human conversation until I have a cup of coffee.\" They're beginning to go through that withdrawal. They're starting to feel a little off — that muzzy-ness is coming in. Maybe they have a headache. Maybe they're a little irritable. And then they have that cup of coffee and the pleasure they're getting from it, I learned, is not simply the lift, the euphoric lift of the drug. It's the suppression of the symptoms of withdrawal. We go through that cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things you learn when you take a caffeine fast, as I did, is that the experience of caffeine is very different to a caffeine virgin or a restored caffeine virgin, as I was, than it is to someone who's addicted. Those people [who are addicted] are getting a little bit of lift, but mostly what they're getting is the relief from these symptoms that are about to come down on them. And that feels pretty good. You're back to baseline. But when you're off for a few months, man, it's something else. It's a very powerful drug experience. And I was not prepared for it at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how caffeine keeps us alert\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a neurotransmitter called \u003ca href=\"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Adenosine\">adenosine\u003c/a>. ... Over the course of the day, levels of it rise and its job is to gradually make us tired — create what's called \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/705224359?storyId=705224359?storyId=705224359\">sleep pressure\u003c/a>. So, eventually, we turn out the lights and go to sleep, [and] there is a receptor that the adenosine fits into. And, as it turns out, caffeine fits into the same receptor — it gets there before the adenosine has a chance to. So it essentially blocks the action of that neurotransmitter — you never get the signal that you're tired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Caffeine really helps capitalism conquer the frontier of night. ... To break those circadian rhythms is a huge deal.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"large","align":"right","citation":"Michael Pollan","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, though, the adenosine — it's not like it goes away. It keeps building up the level in your bloodstream, keeps building up, so that when the caffeine is finally metabolized and the receptors are available again. Voom! You get hit by a flood of adenosine and you get really tired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what would you do then? Well, you'd have another cup of coffee and start the cycle all over again. ... That's what keeps us awake. That's the alertness of caffeine. But it does also act on some other network, such as the dopamine network, and that's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/11/23/566034172/human-brains-have-evolved-unique-feel-good-circuits\">part of what gives us the euphoria\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how caffeine helped capitalism \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have these circadian rhythms that organize and govern our lives — and they're hard to break. And I don't know that you could ever have had a night shift or even a late shift before you had caffeine. Caffeine really helps capitalism conquer the frontier of night. And that's why it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/04/07/396664685/tea-tuesdays-how-tea-sugar-reshaped-the-british-empire\">so important to the industrial revolution\u003c/a>, where you had these expensive machines you wanted to keep running all night and you moved to two and three shifts. Did people work at night before that? Not very much. That's why I do think the impact on the modern world has been profound and that this has had a huge effect on our civilization and and on ourselves. To break those circadian rhythms is a huge deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How coffee and tea historically relied on slave labor \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a really ugly history behind both of them. [On] the early \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/11/12/244563532/photos-reveal-harsh-detail-of-brazils-history-with-slavery\">coffee plantations in Brazil\u003c/a>, all the workers were slaves. But even later, when you have post-slavery Central America, these were brutal places to work. The thing about growing coffee and tea is you need a lot of labor, because the shrubs have to be pruned. I went coffee picking in Colombia and it's really hard work. It's kind of a spiky plant and it grows on such a steep hillside. You can't get your footing. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a very dark history. And like a lot of things, we're participating in these commodity chains and we have no idea what's behind it. I mean, who among us has seen a coffee plant or a tea plant, except in photography? But at the other end of those food chains, it has often been quite a bit of brutality. And, of course, coffee and tea drove demand for sugar, and sugar was at the very heart of the slave trade in the Caribbean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how climate change could affect coffee production \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a very demanding plant, and it's very picky. It has to have exactly the right altitude, water ... all this kind of stuff, which is concerning now because coffee faces a tremendous threat from climate change. There is a narrow band of conditions that make coffee happy. And the estimates now [from] the climate scientists — and this will be alarming to the fellow addicts out there — is that 50 percent of the coffee-growing regions will not be able to support the coffee plant by 2050. So capitalism may be killing the golden goose as climate change undermines coffee production. ... We may look back and say we lived in this golden age of good coffee that lasted from 1966 to 2050 — and then it'll be downhill from there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sam Briger and Thea Chaloner produced and edited the audio of this interview. Bridget Bentz and Molly Seavy-Nesper adapted it for the Web.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 Fresh Air. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/\">Fresh Air\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Michael+Pollan+Explains+Caffeine+Cravings+%28And+Why+You+Don%27t+Have+To+Quit%29&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/136232/michael-pollan-explains-caffeine-cravings-and-why-you-dont-have-to-quit","authors":["byline_bayareabites_136232"],"tags":["bayareabites_10936","bayareabites_125","bayareabites_9710","bayareabites_11278","bayareabites_1270","bayareabites_14756","bayareabites_12148","bayareabites_185"],"featImg":"bayareabites_136235","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_589":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_589","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"589","score":null,"sort":[1177342680000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"good-germs","title":"Good Germs","publishDate":1177342680,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/weblog/food/uploaded_images/Attune-bar-743271.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.kqed.org/weblog/food/uploaded_images/Attune-bar-743253.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am what is known as a germaphobe. (See also: obsessive-compulsive disorder.) During cold and flu season, I never venture out without my purse-sized hand sanitizer. Sick friends know to bow out of dinner if I'm hosting, and I have been known to disinfect seatbelts and radio knobs after a cold-ridden colleague rides in my car. The last time my boyfriend had the stomach flu, I instituted a quarantine so rigorous that he was banned from my bed and bathroom until all surfaces and linens could be bleach-cleaned. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given my anti-germ proclivities, what on Earth could make me willingly ingest 10 billion living bacteria every single day? The promise of a souped-up immune system. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, and a bar of chocolate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'd never heard of probiotics until two months ago, when a sample box of \u003ca href=\"http://www.attunefoods.com\">Attune Food's wellness bars\u003c/a> arrived on my doorstep. (Full disclosure: they sent them free of charge, a common and ethical way of introducing members of the media to a new product.) As I read through the literature, I learned that probiotics exist naturally in foods like blue cheese, yogurt, and tofu, and they've been around in supplement form for years. But now companies from \u003ca href=\"http://www.dannon.com/dn/dnstore/cgi-bin/ProdDetEv_Cat_240861_SubCat_240857_NavRoot_200_NavID_856555_ProdID_1828712.htm\">Dannon (Activia yogurt)\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://www.kashi.com/ourfood/Vive/ProbioticCereals/Default.aspx\">Kashi (Vive cereal)\u003c/a> to Attune are adding them to foods. Here's why: preliminary research suggests that these friendly bacteria may be able to prevent cancer, tooth decay, and allergies; lower blood pressure and cholesterol; reduce the uncomfortable effects of lactose intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); and keep a healthy digestive tract working smoothly. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have to admit, I was intrigued. Who hasn't had the occasional upset stomach after an orgy of rich foods and untold bottles of wine? And, okay, I'll admit it -- I had visions of becoming a sort of Anti-Germ Superwoman, able to leap tall buildings in a single bound and ride Muni in December without gloves and a gas mask. So I started snooping around to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how probiotics work, we have to talk about something not normally considered polite food blog conversation: the colon. Our intestines are full of bacteria -- 100 trillion, to be exact -- that help us digest fiber, absorb nutrients from food, and eliminate what we don't need. They also play a significant role in our immune system, killing off harmful bacteria. When these gut flora get out of balance -- usually a result of stress, illness, antibiotics, or alcohol -- disaster can ensue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Probiotics help reinstate that balance by replenishing our intestines with good bacteria. They are often taken hand in hand with prebiotics, a kind of fiber that feeds the good bacteria while the colony repopulates itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to help you, foods containing probiotics have to meet three requirements:\u003cbr>1. The probiotics have to be alive when you ingest them.\u003cbr>2. They have to survive the digestive process and reach your intestines.\u003cbr>3. They have to be in sufficient quantities to have an effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several different strains of probiotics but all of them have unpronounceable names. Two of the most popular are lactobacillus and bifidobacterium. Different strains do different things, and the scientific jury is still out on their overall potential. Some researchers have seen promising results on a number of fronts from preventing allergies in children to lowering blood pressure, while others claim that probiotics are still not well understood. But the one thing nearly everyone seems to agree on is that they can help keep your digestive tract functioning without any snafus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The small print that accompanied Attune's package indicated that I should eat one bar every day for 14 days to judge the full effect. It also stated that \"some people may notice minor intestinal discomfort for the first few days.\" Hmm. One woman's minor intestinal discomfort could be another woman's oh-dear-God-why-me? So I emailed the company and asked them to be more specific. Their reply? Possible bloating and/or gas. I admit that I stared at that box of chocolate bars for a few days. I felt like a lab rat, but the potential benefits -- fewer colds! -- eventually outweighed any worries of unwelcome flatulence. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I unwrapped a Cool Mint Chocolate bar and took a bite. CRUNCH. The first thing I noticed was that it was delicious. I'd expected it to taste like something that was good for me -- mealy, slimy, or chewy all came to mind. But this was creamy chocolate bliss over crisp rice. A few days was all it took to hook me. I felt better -- no intestinal discomfort at all -- and I've been eating them ever since. I've also conducted a small and wholly unscientific focus group on my own. Three friends with ailments that veer from the serious (IBS) to the annoying (occasional constipation) to the mundane (allergies) have tried them. It's not cold season yet, so I can't tell you if they'll keep us healthy or not, but three out of four of us are still eating them -- \"germs\" and all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note: This post should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1177342680,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":868},"headData":{"title":"Good Germs | KQED","description":"I am what is known as a germaphobe. (See also: obsessive-compulsive disorder.) During cold and flu season, I never venture out without my purse-sized hand sanitizer. Sick friends know to bow out of dinner if I'm hosting, and I have been known to disinfect seatbelts and radio knobs after a cold-ridden colleague rides in my","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"589 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/2007/04/23/good-germs/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2007/04/23/good-germs/","disqusTitle":"Good Germs","path":"/bayareabites/589/good-germs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/weblog/food/uploaded_images/Attune-bar-743271.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://www.kqed.org/weblog/food/uploaded_images/Attune-bar-743253.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am what is known as a germaphobe. (See also: obsessive-compulsive disorder.) During cold and flu season, I never venture out without my purse-sized hand sanitizer. Sick friends know to bow out of dinner if I'm hosting, and I have been known to disinfect seatbelts and radio knobs after a cold-ridden colleague rides in my car. The last time my boyfriend had the stomach flu, I instituted a quarantine so rigorous that he was banned from my bed and bathroom until all surfaces and linens could be bleach-cleaned. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given my anti-germ proclivities, what on Earth could make me willingly ingest 10 billion living bacteria every single day? The promise of a souped-up immune system. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, and a bar of chocolate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'd never heard of probiotics until two months ago, when a sample box of \u003ca href=\"http://www.attunefoods.com\">Attune Food's wellness bars\u003c/a> arrived on my doorstep. (Full disclosure: they sent them free of charge, a common and ethical way of introducing members of the media to a new product.) As I read through the literature, I learned that probiotics exist naturally in foods like blue cheese, yogurt, and tofu, and they've been around in supplement form for years. But now companies from \u003ca href=\"http://www.dannon.com/dn/dnstore/cgi-bin/ProdDetEv_Cat_240861_SubCat_240857_NavRoot_200_NavID_856555_ProdID_1828712.htm\">Dannon (Activia yogurt)\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://www.kashi.com/ourfood/Vive/ProbioticCereals/Default.aspx\">Kashi (Vive cereal)\u003c/a> to Attune are adding them to foods. Here's why: preliminary research suggests that these friendly bacteria may be able to prevent cancer, tooth decay, and allergies; lower blood pressure and cholesterol; reduce the uncomfortable effects of lactose intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); and keep a healthy digestive tract working smoothly. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have to admit, I was intrigued. Who hasn't had the occasional upset stomach after an orgy of rich foods and untold bottles of wine? And, okay, I'll admit it -- I had visions of becoming a sort of Anti-Germ Superwoman, able to leap tall buildings in a single bound and ride Muni in December without gloves and a gas mask. So I started snooping around to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how probiotics work, we have to talk about something not normally considered polite food blog conversation: the colon. Our intestines are full of bacteria -- 100 trillion, to be exact -- that help us digest fiber, absorb nutrients from food, and eliminate what we don't need. They also play a significant role in our immune system, killing off harmful bacteria. When these gut flora get out of balance -- usually a result of stress, illness, antibiotics, or alcohol -- disaster can ensue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Probiotics help reinstate that balance by replenishing our intestines with good bacteria. They are often taken hand in hand with prebiotics, a kind of fiber that feeds the good bacteria while the colony repopulates itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to help you, foods containing probiotics have to meet three requirements:\u003cbr>1. The probiotics have to be alive when you ingest them.\u003cbr>2. They have to survive the digestive process and reach your intestines.\u003cbr>3. They have to be in sufficient quantities to have an effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several different strains of probiotics but all of them have unpronounceable names. Two of the most popular are lactobacillus and bifidobacterium. Different strains do different things, and the scientific jury is still out on their overall potential. Some researchers have seen promising results on a number of fronts from preventing allergies in children to lowering blood pressure, while others claim that probiotics are still not well understood. But the one thing nearly everyone seems to agree on is that they can help keep your digestive tract functioning without any snafus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The small print that accompanied Attune's package indicated that I should eat one bar every day for 14 days to judge the full effect. It also stated that \"some people may notice minor intestinal discomfort for the first few days.\" Hmm. One woman's minor intestinal discomfort could be another woman's oh-dear-God-why-me? So I emailed the company and asked them to be more specific. Their reply? Possible bloating and/or gas. I admit that I stared at that box of chocolate bars for a few days. I felt like a lab rat, but the potential benefits -- fewer colds! -- eventually outweighed any worries of unwelcome flatulence. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I unwrapped a Cool Mint Chocolate bar and took a bite. CRUNCH. The first thing I noticed was that it was delicious. I'd expected it to taste like something that was good for me -- mealy, slimy, or chewy all came to mind. But this was creamy chocolate bliss over crisp rice. A few days was all it took to hook me. I felt better -- no intestinal discomfort at all -- and I've been eating them ever since. I've also conducted a small and wholly unscientific focus group on my own. Three friends with ailments that veer from the serious (IBS) to the annoying (occasional constipation) to the mundane (allergies) have tried them. It's not cold season yet, so I can't tell you if they'll keep us healthy or not, but three out of four of us are still eating them -- \"germs\" and all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note: This post should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/589/good-germs","authors":["5023"],"tags":["bayareabites_166","bayareabites_184","bayareabites_185"],"label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. 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Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/HereNow_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/insideEurope.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mindshift2021-tile-3000x3000-1-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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