Beef Packers Block Plan To Revive Growth-Promoting Drug
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Merck & Co Inc is testing lower dosages of its controversial cattle growth drug Zilmax drug in an effort to resume its sales to the $44 billion U.S. beef industry. Photo: Ross Courtney/Reuters/Landov\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92347\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle in holding pens at the Simplot feedlot located next to a slaughterhouse in Burbank, Washington on Dec. 26, 2013. Merck & Co Inc is testing lower dosages of its controversial cattle growth drug Zilmax drug in an effort to resume its sales to the $44 billion U.S. beef industry. Photo: Ross Courtney/Reuters/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/01/27/381630528/beef-packers-block-plan-to-revive-growth-promoting-drug\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/27/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than a year, a once-popular drug that makes cattle put on weight faster has been stuck in a kind of veterinary purgatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as the Food and Drug Administration is concerned, the drug, Zilmax, is legal to use. But large meat packers, which dominate the industry, have ostracized it after the drug \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/21/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs/\">was accused\u003c/a> of making animals suffer. The drug's manufacturer, Merck, has been working on a plan to rehabilitate it. But that effort has stalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/21/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs/\">suspended\u003c/a> sales of Zilmax in August 2013, after Tyson, a leading beef processor, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/09/did-tyson-ban-doping-cows-with-zilmax-to-boost-foreign-sales/\">announced\u003c/a> that it would no longer buy cattle that had been treated with Zilmax, and other cattle buyers followed Tyson's lead. Tyson's move followed reports that Zilmax-treated cattle were more likely to suffer from what some researchers call \"cattle fatigue syndrome.\" At an industry conference, an animal welfare expert from the meat packer JBS showed a video of Zilmax-treated cattle that appeared immobile, unable to move properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck responded with a \"five-step plan\" to examine the safety of Zilmax. Last November, it \u003ca href=\"http://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/news/2014-11-5.aspx\">unveiled\u003c/a> new procedures for using the drug, including guidelines and training that are intended to prevent overdosing cattle with the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the centerpiece of Merck's plan, a large \"field evaluation\" of Zilmax, remains in limbo. This study was supposed to include up to 240,000 cattle, at a variety of commercial feedlots. Merck recruited a university researcher to carry it out, and it was supposed to begin last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feedlot operators are refusing to participate, though, because they don't want to be stuck with cattle that they can't sell. And their customers, the beef processors, remain skittish. \"We're not accepting cattle fed with Zilmax,\" says Mike Martin, from Cargill, one of four companies that dominate the beef industry. (The others are Tyson, JBS, and National Beef.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cargill's reluctance to take Zilmax-fed cattle, Martin says, is based in part on continued uncertainty about what caused those health problems in cattle. But he also mentioned another reason: The drug can complicate beef exports. Some countries won't accept beef from cattle that were fed Zilmax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Goss, a spokesperson for Merck Animal Health, says that organizing the Zilmax study has \"been more time intensive and complicated than we anticipated.\" But she says the company still hopes to proceed with it. \"Our intent is not to rush this,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zilmax is part of a class of drugs called beta agonists, which are chemically similar to the human hormone adrenaline. Another beta agonist, called ractopamine, is commonly fed to pigs. They cause animals to grow more muscle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.k-state.edu/media/mediaguide/bios/thomsonbio.html\">Dan Thomson\u003c/a>, a researcher at Kansas State University who has studied the effects of Zilmax on cattle, says that Merck has been acting responsibly in its efforts to revive sales of the drug. \"I think that the changes they've made have been all for the better,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomson also says that beta agonists such as Zilmax are not the sole cause of \"fatigued cattle syndrome.\" Those symptoms, he says, are a reaction to stress. Beta agonists may contribute to it, but so do heat, being transported in trailers and interactions with humans. \"We have been able to study it in cattle that were fed beta agonists and cattle that were not fed beta agonists,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Beef processors continue to block efforts to bring back Zilmax, a drug that makes cattle put on weight faster. Is it because they're concerned about animal welfare, or beef exports?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1422393829,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":633},"headData":{"title":"Beef Packers Block Plan To Revive Growth-Promoting Drug | KQED","description":"Beef processors continue to block efforts to bring back Zilmax, a drug that makes cattle put on weight faster. Is it because they're concerned about animal welfare, or beef exports?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Beef Packers Block Plan To Revive Growth-Promoting Drug ","datePublished":"2015-01-27T21:14:42.000Z","dateModified":"2015-01-27T21:23:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"92346 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=92346","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/01/27/beef-packers-block-plan-to-revive-growth-promoting-drug/","disqusTitle":"Beef Packers Block Plan To Revive Growth-Promoting Drug ","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"381630528","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=381630528&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/01/27/381630528/beef-packers-block-plan-to-revive-growth-promoting-drug?ft=nprml&f=381630528","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 27 Jan 2015 14:08:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 27 Jan 2015 11:30:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 27 Jan 2015 14:08:36 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/92346/beef-packers-block-plan-to-revive-growth-promoting-drug","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/cows_enl-787a2778cbfa3a7f89e6053b47103554f8a3abf7-e1422392884964.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/cows_enl-787a2778cbfa3a7f89e6053b47103554f8a3abf7-e1422392884964.jpg\" alt=\"Cattle in holding pens at the Simplot feedlot located next to a slaughterhouse in Burbank, Washington on Dec. 26, 2013. Merck & Co Inc is testing lower dosages of its controversial cattle growth drug Zilmax drug in an effort to resume its sales to the $44 billion U.S. beef industry. Photo: Ross Courtney/Reuters/Landov\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92347\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle in holding pens at the Simplot feedlot located next to a slaughterhouse in Burbank, Washington on Dec. 26, 2013. Merck & Co Inc is testing lower dosages of its controversial cattle growth drug Zilmax drug in an effort to resume its sales to the $44 billion U.S. beef industry. Photo: Ross Courtney/Reuters/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/01/27/381630528/beef-packers-block-plan-to-revive-growth-promoting-drug\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (1/27/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than a year, a once-popular drug that makes cattle put on weight faster has been stuck in a kind of veterinary purgatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as the Food and Drug Administration is concerned, the drug, Zilmax, is legal to use. But large meat packers, which dominate the industry, have ostracized it after the drug \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/21/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs/\">was accused\u003c/a> of making animals suffer. The drug's manufacturer, Merck, has been working on a plan to rehabilitate it. But that effort has stalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/21/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs/\">suspended\u003c/a> sales of Zilmax in August 2013, after Tyson, a leading beef processor, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/09/did-tyson-ban-doping-cows-with-zilmax-to-boost-foreign-sales/\">announced\u003c/a> that it would no longer buy cattle that had been treated with Zilmax, and other cattle buyers followed Tyson's lead. Tyson's move followed reports that Zilmax-treated cattle were more likely to suffer from what some researchers call \"cattle fatigue syndrome.\" At an industry conference, an animal welfare expert from the meat packer JBS showed a video of Zilmax-treated cattle that appeared immobile, unable to move properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck responded with a \"five-step plan\" to examine the safety of Zilmax. Last November, it \u003ca href=\"http://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/news/2014-11-5.aspx\">unveiled\u003c/a> new procedures for using the drug, including guidelines and training that are intended to prevent overdosing cattle with the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the centerpiece of Merck's plan, a large \"field evaluation\" of Zilmax, remains in limbo. This study was supposed to include up to 240,000 cattle, at a variety of commercial feedlots. Merck recruited a university researcher to carry it out, and it was supposed to begin last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feedlot operators are refusing to participate, though, because they don't want to be stuck with cattle that they can't sell. And their customers, the beef processors, remain skittish. \"We're not accepting cattle fed with Zilmax,\" says Mike Martin, from Cargill, one of four companies that dominate the beef industry. (The others are Tyson, JBS, and National Beef.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cargill's reluctance to take Zilmax-fed cattle, Martin says, is based in part on continued uncertainty about what caused those health problems in cattle. But he also mentioned another reason: The drug can complicate beef exports. Some countries won't accept beef from cattle that were fed Zilmax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Goss, a spokesperson for Merck Animal Health, says that organizing the Zilmax study has \"been more time intensive and complicated than we anticipated.\" But she says the company still hopes to proceed with it. \"Our intent is not to rush this,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zilmax is part of a class of drugs called beta agonists, which are chemically similar to the human hormone adrenaline. Another beta agonist, called ractopamine, is commonly fed to pigs. They cause animals to grow more muscle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.k-state.edu/media/mediaguide/bios/thomsonbio.html\">Dan Thomson\u003c/a>, a researcher at Kansas State University who has studied the effects of Zilmax on cattle, says that Merck has been acting responsibly in its efforts to revive sales of the drug. \"I think that the changes they've made have been all for the better,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomson also says that beta agonists such as Zilmax are not the sole cause of \"fatigued cattle syndrome.\" Those symptoms, he says, are a reaction to stress. Beta agonists may contribute to it, but so do heat, being transported in trailers and interactions with humans. \"We have been able to study it in cattle that were fed beta agonists and cattle that were not fed beta agonists,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/92346/beef-packers-block-plan-to-revive-growth-promoting-drug","authors":["byline_bayareabites_92346"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_99","bayareabites_620","bayareabites_8959","bayareabites_8966","bayareabites_14103","bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_2608","bayareabites_14102","bayareabites_243","bayareabites_14104","bayareabites_10921","bayareabites_12192","bayareabites_12193"],"featImg":"bayareabites_92347","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_78428":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_78428","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"78428","score":null,"sort":[1392934853000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-system-supplying-americas-chickens-pits-farmer-vs-farmer","title":"The System Supplying America's Chickens Pits Farmer vs. Farmer","publishDate":1392934853,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78429\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/img_8673_new2_wide-b3f908a99e476f5a6323f8fcf24d2b7b6f505cc7.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/img_8673_new2_wide-b3f908a99e476f5a6323f8fcf24d2b7b6f505cc7.jpg\" alt=\"Benny Bunting, a farm advocate for Rural Advancement Foundation International-USA, in front of one of his old chicken houses in Oak City, N.C. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1672\" height=\"941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78429\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Benny Bunting, a farm advocate for Rural Advancement Foundation International-USA, in front of one of his old chicken houses in Oak City, N.C. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/20/279040721/the-system-that-supplies-our-chickens-pits-farmer-against-farmer\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/20/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/20/279040721/the-system-that-supplies-our-chickens-pits-farmer-against-farmer\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/02/20140220_me_the_system_that_supplies_our_chickens_pits_farmer_against_farmer.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After reading Christopher Leonard's \u003cem>The Meat Racket\u003c/em>, a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/02/19/is-tyson-foods-chicken-empire-a-meat-racket/\">broadside\u003c/a> against the contract-farming system, I decided to take a closer look at it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I drove to North Carolina and ended up in the kind of place that supplies practically all of our chickens: a metal-sided, 500-foot-long structure near the town of Fairmont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the dim light, I see 30,000 little chicks scuttling around on the floor. \"They're 12 days old,\" explains Craig Watts, who's growing these birds for Perdue Farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue owns the chickens. It also supplies the feed that they eat. About a month from now, when the birds have grown to about 4.5 pounds, the company will send a truck to carry them away, and Watts will get paid. But he never knows how big his check will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like that test you took in school — you kind of want to know how you did, but you really don't? It's that kind of feeling,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The uncertainty is part of a peculiar payment system that the chicken industry uses. It's often called a tournament. Critics say it's more like a lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78430\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1448px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/img_8648_new-7d5fe3cca2adb6ca16b0615fc77b511fd162bbc6.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/img_8648_new-7d5fe3cca2adb6ca16b0615fc77b511fd162bbc6.jpg\" alt=\"Craig Watts produces chickens for Perdue on his farm in Fairmont, N.C. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1087\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78430\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Craig Watts produces chickens for Perdue on his farm in Fairmont, N.C. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The companies set an average price that they will pay for raising the chickens — in this case, 5 cents per pound. But some farmers will get more than that, and others less, depending on a formula that measures their performance. It's mainly based on feed efficiency: how much weight the chickens gained, compared to how much feed the company supplied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers are ranked, like teams competing in a sports league. The top-ranked farmer can get paid up to 50 percent more, per pound of chicken delivered, than the one at the bottom. \"The pie doesn't change,\" Watts says. It's just divided into bigger and smaller slices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire chicken industry uses this system, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/profile/tom-vukina/\">Tom Vukina\u003c/a>, an economist at North Carolina State University who's studied it, says that from an economic point of view, it's beautiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is really brilliant,\" says Vukina. It solves problems that academic economists have examined with high-powered theory. Problems such as how companies can make sure workers do a good job when they can't be monitored, or how to convince independent contractors to invest in new equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This thing has phenomenal, theoretically correct design features that [the industry] came up with knowing absolutely nothing about contract theory,\" Vukina says, chuckling. \"It's actually remarkable! Totally mind-boggling!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the result is efficient production, and society as a whole is better off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet some people involved in contract farming say it doesn't benefit everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's at the expense of the farmer, because the farmer's not the one making money. The company is making money,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://rafiusa.org/benny-bunting/\">Benny Bunting\u003c/a>, a former chicken farmer who now works for \u003ca href=\"http://rafiusa.org/\">Rural Advancement Foundation International-USA\u003c/a>, an organization devoted to farmers' rights. His job is to provide advice to farmers who find themselves in financial trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're sitting in Bunting's home in the small town of Oak City, N.C. Across from us is a wall of shelves filled with thick binders. Each binder bears the name of a farm family that ended up deeply in debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every one of them is a person's life,\" says Bunting. \"The thing about my job is, most times, I meet people at the lowest time in their life, when they're in financial problems. That's what this represents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of those farmers raised chickens. Bunting says they discovered, too late, that raising chickens is a raw deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explain, he pulls out a brochure that \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandersonfarms.com/\">Sanderson Farms\u003c/a>, another poultry company, passed out while recruiting new farmers a few years ago. The cover shows brand-new chicken houses, gleaming and clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turn the page, and the document shows how much a farmer can earn, in one year, from four big chicken houses: $222,856.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine you're a farmer, Bunting says. Here's what you're thinking: \"I'm going to make that, but I'm going to get a bonus on top of that. Because I'm going to be the \u003cem>top\u003c/em> grower.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the perception,\" Bunting continues. \"Everyone thinks that they're going to be in the top percentile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brochure does lay out costs. There's one huge one: Building the chicken houses will cost a million dollars, which means taking on a mountain of debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after making payments on that loan, the brochure estimates a farmer can clear $60,000 in profits. \"That looks really good,\" Bunting says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then you get into the business, he says, and you discover that there are expenses the brochure didn't really mention, such as repairs, a tractor and additional labor. That can eat up your profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, there's the uncertainty created by the tournament. This is not Lake Wobegon. No matter how hard the farmers work, half of them will be below average and make less money than the numbers in the brochure. According to Bunting, it means they won't be making enough to service that debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The really unfair thing, according to Craig Watts, is that whether he ends up at the top or the bottom of the rankings is out of his control. It seems to depend mainly on which birds the company sent him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've been a good grower, I've been a bad grower, and I've been an every-point-in-between grower, and I'm the same guy doing the same thing,\" he says. \"I'm the only thing that's constant on that farm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But once you owe all that money, he says, you're stuck, because those loans are secured by the land on your farm, or by your home. \"We've got ties to the land, and they exploit that, because we're going to do whatever it takes not to lose our farm,\" Watts says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's one more aspect of contract farming, beyond the simple arithmetic of income and expenses, that makes some farmers angry. It's the feeling that this is not a deal between equals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've got to bite our tongue and do what they say, or face the consequences of being bankrupt,\" says Benny Bunting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chicken companies, for their part, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/The-Meat-Racket-Myths-and-Facts.pdf\">say\u003c/a> the contracts they offer farmers are, in fact, fair. William Roenigk, a senior vice president at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/\">Chicken Council\u003c/a>, which represents the poultry industry, points out that contract farming has been around for 50 years. Farmers know exactly how it works, he says. And new farmers still want to sign up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If this was not a good contractual relationship, overall, why would farmers who are not in the chicken business want to get into the chicken business?\" he asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Postles has raised chickens for 30 years in Milford, Del. He says it has been a good choice, and he has no problem with the tournament payment system. \"It encourages producers to be efficient and to be vigilant in their management,\" he says. \"I think that's a fair system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard to know how many contract farmers agree with Postles. In one survey of poultry farmers in Delaware, three-quarters of those who responded were satisfied with their arrangement. But more than half of them also said that, in their opinion, the companies will retaliate if a farmer raises concerns. Many farmers didn't respond to the \u003ca href=\"http://udel.edu/~ilvento/SUMMARY.PDF\">survey\u003c/a>, which was commissioned by the chicken industry and conducted by the University of Delaware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complaints have been common enough that several years ago, the Obama administration proposed new rules to address them. The rules were supposed to give contract farmers more predictable minimum pay, and a better chance of getting compensation if a company treated them unfairly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chicken industry lobbied hard against those rules, and blocked many of them from going into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, contract farming is still expanding. It's now the way that most pork is produced, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Most of the nation's chicken meat is grown by contract farmers who get ranked against each other when it's time to get paid. Critics say someone always ends up losing — and, too often, deep in debt.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1392934853,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":1436},"headData":{"title":"The System Supplying America's Chickens Pits Farmer vs. Farmer | KQED","description":"Most of the nation's chicken meat is grown by contract farmers who get ranked against each other when it's time to get paid. Critics say someone always ends up losing — and, too often, deep in debt.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The System Supplying America's Chickens Pits Farmer vs. Farmer","datePublished":"2014-02-20T22:20:53.000Z","dateModified":"2014-02-20T22:20:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"78428 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=78428","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/02/20/the-system-supplying-americas-chickens-pits-farmer-vs-farmer/","disqusTitle":"The System Supplying America's Chickens Pits Farmer vs. Farmer","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"279040721","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=279040721&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/20/279040721/the-system-that-supplies-our-chickens-pits-farmer-against-farmer?ft=3&f=279040721","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 20 Feb 2014 09:23:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 20 Feb 2014 03:40:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 20 Feb 2014 09:23:35 -0500","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/02/20140220_me_the_system_that_supplies_our_chickens_pits_farmer_against_farmer.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=279040721","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1279987840-77c113.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=279040721","path":"/bayareabites/78428/the-system-supplying-americas-chickens-pits-farmer-vs-farmer","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/02/20140220_me_the_system_that_supplies_our_chickens_pits_farmer_against_farmer.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78429\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/img_8673_new2_wide-b3f908a99e476f5a6323f8fcf24d2b7b6f505cc7.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/img_8673_new2_wide-b3f908a99e476f5a6323f8fcf24d2b7b6f505cc7.jpg\" alt=\"Benny Bunting, a farm advocate for Rural Advancement Foundation International-USA, in front of one of his old chicken houses in Oak City, N.C. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1672\" height=\"941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78429\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Benny Bunting, a farm advocate for Rural Advancement Foundation International-USA, in front of one of his old chicken houses in Oak City, N.C. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/20/279040721/the-system-that-supplies-our-chickens-pits-farmer-against-farmer\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/20/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/20/279040721/the-system-that-supplies-our-chickens-pits-farmer-against-farmer\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/02/20140220_me_the_system_that_supplies_our_chickens_pits_farmer_against_farmer.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After reading Christopher Leonard's \u003cem>The Meat Racket\u003c/em>, a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/02/19/is-tyson-foods-chicken-empire-a-meat-racket/\">broadside\u003c/a> against the contract-farming system, I decided to take a closer look at it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I drove to North Carolina and ended up in the kind of place that supplies practically all of our chickens: a metal-sided, 500-foot-long structure near the town of Fairmont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the dim light, I see 30,000 little chicks scuttling around on the floor. \"They're 12 days old,\" explains Craig Watts, who's growing these birds for Perdue Farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue owns the chickens. It also supplies the feed that they eat. About a month from now, when the birds have grown to about 4.5 pounds, the company will send a truck to carry them away, and Watts will get paid. But he never knows how big his check will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like that test you took in school — you kind of want to know how you did, but you really don't? It's that kind of feeling,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The uncertainty is part of a peculiar payment system that the chicken industry uses. It's often called a tournament. Critics say it's more like a lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78430\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1448px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/img_8648_new-7d5fe3cca2adb6ca16b0615fc77b511fd162bbc6.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/img_8648_new-7d5fe3cca2adb6ca16b0615fc77b511fd162bbc6.jpg\" alt=\"Craig Watts produces chickens for Perdue on his farm in Fairmont, N.C. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1087\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78430\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Craig Watts produces chickens for Perdue on his farm in Fairmont, N.C. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The companies set an average price that they will pay for raising the chickens — in this case, 5 cents per pound. But some farmers will get more than that, and others less, depending on a formula that measures their performance. It's mainly based on feed efficiency: how much weight the chickens gained, compared to how much feed the company supplied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers are ranked, like teams competing in a sports league. The top-ranked farmer can get paid up to 50 percent more, per pound of chicken delivered, than the one at the bottom. \"The pie doesn't change,\" Watts says. It's just divided into bigger and smaller slices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire chicken industry uses this system, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/profile/tom-vukina/\">Tom Vukina\u003c/a>, an economist at North Carolina State University who's studied it, says that from an economic point of view, it's beautiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is really brilliant,\" says Vukina. It solves problems that academic economists have examined with high-powered theory. Problems such as how companies can make sure workers do a good job when they can't be monitored, or how to convince independent contractors to invest in new equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This thing has phenomenal, theoretically correct design features that [the industry] came up with knowing absolutely nothing about contract theory,\" Vukina says, chuckling. \"It's actually remarkable! Totally mind-boggling!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the result is efficient production, and society as a whole is better off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet some people involved in contract farming say it doesn't benefit everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's at the expense of the farmer, because the farmer's not the one making money. The company is making money,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://rafiusa.org/benny-bunting/\">Benny Bunting\u003c/a>, a former chicken farmer who now works for \u003ca href=\"http://rafiusa.org/\">Rural Advancement Foundation International-USA\u003c/a>, an organization devoted to farmers' rights. His job is to provide advice to farmers who find themselves in financial trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're sitting in Bunting's home in the small town of Oak City, N.C. Across from us is a wall of shelves filled with thick binders. Each binder bears the name of a farm family that ended up deeply in debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every one of them is a person's life,\" says Bunting. \"The thing about my job is, most times, I meet people at the lowest time in their life, when they're in financial problems. That's what this represents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of those farmers raised chickens. Bunting says they discovered, too late, that raising chickens is a raw deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explain, he pulls out a brochure that \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandersonfarms.com/\">Sanderson Farms\u003c/a>, another poultry company, passed out while recruiting new farmers a few years ago. The cover shows brand-new chicken houses, gleaming and clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turn the page, and the document shows how much a farmer can earn, in one year, from four big chicken houses: $222,856.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine you're a farmer, Bunting says. Here's what you're thinking: \"I'm going to make that, but I'm going to get a bonus on top of that. Because I'm going to be the \u003cem>top\u003c/em> grower.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the perception,\" Bunting continues. \"Everyone thinks that they're going to be in the top percentile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brochure does lay out costs. There's one huge one: Building the chicken houses will cost a million dollars, which means taking on a mountain of debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after making payments on that loan, the brochure estimates a farmer can clear $60,000 in profits. \"That looks really good,\" Bunting says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then you get into the business, he says, and you discover that there are expenses the brochure didn't really mention, such as repairs, a tractor and additional labor. That can eat up your profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, there's the uncertainty created by the tournament. This is not Lake Wobegon. No matter how hard the farmers work, half of them will be below average and make less money than the numbers in the brochure. According to Bunting, it means they won't be making enough to service that debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The really unfair thing, according to Craig Watts, is that whether he ends up at the top or the bottom of the rankings is out of his control. It seems to depend mainly on which birds the company sent him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've been a good grower, I've been a bad grower, and I've been an every-point-in-between grower, and I'm the same guy doing the same thing,\" he says. \"I'm the only thing that's constant on that farm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But once you owe all that money, he says, you're stuck, because those loans are secured by the land on your farm, or by your home. \"We've got ties to the land, and they exploit that, because we're going to do whatever it takes not to lose our farm,\" Watts says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's one more aspect of contract farming, beyond the simple arithmetic of income and expenses, that makes some farmers angry. It's the feeling that this is not a deal between equals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've got to bite our tongue and do what they say, or face the consequences of being bankrupt,\" says Benny Bunting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chicken companies, for their part, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/The-Meat-Racket-Myths-and-Facts.pdf\">say\u003c/a> the contracts they offer farmers are, in fact, fair. William Roenigk, a senior vice president at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/\">Chicken Council\u003c/a>, which represents the poultry industry, points out that contract farming has been around for 50 years. Farmers know exactly how it works, he says. And new farmers still want to sign up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If this was not a good contractual relationship, overall, why would farmers who are not in the chicken business want to get into the chicken business?\" he asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Postles has raised chickens for 30 years in Milford, Del. He says it has been a good choice, and he has no problem with the tournament payment system. \"It encourages producers to be efficient and to be vigilant in their management,\" he says. \"I think that's a fair system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard to know how many contract farmers agree with Postles. In one survey of poultry farmers in Delaware, three-quarters of those who responded were satisfied with their arrangement. But more than half of them also said that, in their opinion, the companies will retaliate if a farmer raises concerns. Many farmers didn't respond to the \u003ca href=\"http://udel.edu/~ilvento/SUMMARY.PDF\">survey\u003c/a>, which was commissioned by the chicken industry and conducted by the University of Delaware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complaints have been common enough that several years ago, the Obama administration proposed new rules to address them. The rules were supposed to give contract farmers more predictable minimum pay, and a better chance of getting compensation if a company treated them unfairly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chicken industry lobbied hard against those rules, and blocked many of them from going into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, contract farming is still expanding. It's now the way that most pork is produced, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/78428/the-system-supplying-americas-chickens-pits-farmer-vs-farmer","authors":["byline_bayareabites_78428"],"categories":["bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_34"],"tags":["bayareabites_621","bayareabites_134","bayareabites_13092","bayareabites_10921","bayareabites_12192"],"featImg":"bayareabites_78434","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_78387":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_78387","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"78387","score":null,"sort":[1392838234000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-tyson-foods-chicken-empire-a-meat-racket","title":"Is Tyson Foods' Chicken Empire a 'Meat Racket'?","publishDate":1392838234,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/ap03061904596-copy_wide-04e046a71a76521f2db3a98d6057ea0534e9dc32.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/ap03061904596-copy_wide-04e046a71a76521f2db3a98d6057ea0534e9dc32.jpg\" alt=\"Chickens gather around a feeder in a Tyson Foods poultry house in Washington County, Ark. Photo: April L. Brown/AP\" width=\"1672\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78388\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chickens gather around a feeder in a Tyson Foods poultry house in Washington County, Ark. Photo: April L. Brown/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/19/276981085/is-tyson-foods-chicken-empire-a-meat-racket\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/19/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/19/276981085/is-tyson-foods-chicken-empire-a-meat-racket\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/02/20140219_me_is_tyson_foods_chicken_empire_a_meat_racket.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Leonard's new exposé on the chicken industry, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/The-Meat-Racket-Takeover-Americas/dp/1451645813/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1392403784&sr=8-1&keywords=meat+racket\">The Meat Racket\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, doesn't devote much ink to the physical object on our plate, the chicken meat itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Leonard focuses on the economic machinery that delivers the meat to us, or, as he puts it, \"the hidden power structure that has quietly reshaped U.S. rural economies while gaining unprecedented control over the nation's meat supply.\" His book aims a spotlight at Tyson Foods, which helped create the modern chicken industry. And it recounts the stories of people, mostly farmers, whom Leonard contends Tyson has chewed up and cast aside since its incorporation in 1947.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard, now a fellow at the \u003ca href=\"http://newamerica.net/\">New America Foundation\u003c/a>, once worked for the \u003cem>Arkansas Democrat-Gazette\u003c/em>, covering business news in Tyson's home territory. And there's a note of admiration in Leonard's description of Don Tyson, the man who drove the company's rise to global superpower of meat after taking over the company when his father, John, died in 1967.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78392\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 252px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/dontyson_custom-e4e436a506d04f6a9af7b42019bbcb4bdef0520a-s3-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/dontyson_custom-e4e436a506d04f6a9af7b42019bbcb4bdef0520a-s3-c85-252x290.jpg\" alt=\"Don Tyson took over as president of Tyson Foods in 1967 and ran the company until his death in 2011. Photo: Hudson Photography Inc./Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"252\" height=\"290\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-78392\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Don Tyson took over as president of Tyson Foods in 1967 and ran the company until his death in 2011. Photo: Hudson Photography Inc./Wikimedia Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I think he was a genius,\" Leonard tells NPR's Renée Montagne on \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>. \"Don Tyson had the ability to see the world as it did not yet exist. He saw that chicken would soon replace beef or pork as the most popular meat in the United States.\" (For more, listen to the entire interview.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard has no admiration at all, though, for the system of chicken production that Tyson built, which \"keeps farmers in a state of indebted servitude, living like modern-day sharecroppers on the ragged edge of bankruptcy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard's criticisms are not new. Activist groups devoted to farmers' rights, such as \u003ca href=\"http://rafiusa.org/\">Rural Advancement Foundation International\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iatp.org/\">Institute for Agricultural and Trade Policy\u003c/a>, have been fighting against concentration in the poultry and meat-packing industries for many years. In the early days of the Obama administration, the Department of Agriculture and the Justice Department held public \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/workshops/ag2010/\">hearings\u003c/a> on alleged abuses by companies that dominate the meat business. Just a few weeks ago, the Pew Charitable Trusts released its own \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewenvironment.org/news-room/reports/the-business-of-broilers-hidden-costs-of-putting-a-chicken-on-every-grill-85899528152\">critique\u003c/a> of the broiler industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard's book, however, is probably the most detailed account of the inner workings of Tyson, as well as the relationship between poultry companies and the not-so-independent farmers who actually raise the birds. That relationship is often called \"contract farming.\" It was invented by the poultry industry, but is now gaining ground in the pork and beef industries, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this system, the farmer owns the chicken houses, but the poultry companies are very much in control. They deliver the chicks on their own schedule — in fact, they aren't required to deliver any flocks at all. They supply the feed, and the feed additives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 624px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/gr-tyson-chicken-tons-624.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/gr-tyson-chicken-tons-624.png\" alt=\"Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service Credit: NPR\" width=\"624\" height=\"354\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78393\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service\u003cbr>Credit: NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leonard depicts that relationship as something like a con game run by the companies for their own benefit. \"Almost invariably, from everything I've seen, the farmer loses,\" he told \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>. \"The farmer takes the brunt of the volatility; the farmer swallows the worst of the losses when there is a problem with their chickens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard tells the stories of farmers who've fallen into bankruptcy, and implies that this outcome is almost inevitable. The National Chicken Council, an industry lobbying group, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/new-book-misses-mark-nothing-educate-consumers-realities-modern-poultry-production/\">responded\u003c/a> with two pages of quotes from poultry producers who stoutly defend the contract growing systems. It also pointed out that when grain prices spiked a few years ago, chicken companies ate huge losses, while contract farmers, who didn't have to pay directly for the feed, were protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tyson, in a separate statement, said \"we depend on [contract farmers] and want them to succeed. Some of them have been raising livestock and poultry for us for decades, and in some cases, for multiple generations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 624px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/gr-tyson-revenue-624.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/gr-tyson-revenue-624.png\" alt=\"Source: SEC filings Credit: NPR\" width=\"624\" height=\"354\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78394\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: SEC filings\u003cbr>Credit: NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Meat Racket\u003c/em>'s description of the problems with contract farming is more convincing than its ideas for how to build a better, more equitable alternative. Leonard, for instance, endorses the modest reforms put in place in Iowa, which guarantee farmers certain rights, such as the right to share contract information. But those reforms don't touch the basic shape of the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His more ambitious hope is for a revival of free markets in meat production instead of vertically integrated supply chains run by big companies. Yet it's unclear whether this would really improve things. Competition among farmers is a brutal reality of commodity production; as farmers push to become more efficient, it drives down prices and pushes the weakest out of the business. In poultry, the companies run that competition; in many other commodities, free markets do the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few American consumers seem to care very much about that. After all, if competition keeps prices low, why should they complain?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard thinks the situation has changed, and that poultry superpowers now are using their power to raise chicken prices, squeezing consumers as well as farmers. Yet the industry's ability to protect its profits still seems limited. Five years ago, one of the biggest poultry companies in the country, Pilgrim's Pride, actually went bankrupt when feed prices soared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pilgrim's Pride was snapped up by JBS, a Brazil-based multinational. It's now the biggest producer of meat in the world, ahead of Tyson. Increasing concentration in the meat industry, once fueled by Don Tyson's ambition, continues even without him.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tyson Responds\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read Tyson Foods' emailed statement to NPR responding to Christopher Leonard's observations.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Contrary to critics like Mr. Leonard, we provide opportunities for farmers to prosper and consumers to buy safe, affordable food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Tyson Foods is \u003ca href=\"http://www.tysonfoods.com/Our-Story/Farmers.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">one of the leading supporters of American farmers\u003c/a>, paying more than $15 billion last year alone to the thousands of independent farmers who supply us. We depend on them and want them to succeed. Some of them have been raising livestock and poultry for us for decades, and in some cases, for multiple generations. They own and operate their own farms and either sell their livestock to us or raise our chickens for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our business is structured to meet the needs of our customers and ultimately consumers. We sell our products to retail and food service companies; however, we don't set consumer prices. What we ask for our products is determined by supply and demand. No one company is big enough to control the market, especially in today's global food environment. U.S. consumers still spend a smaller percentage of their total income on food than consumers in most other countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Meat production is already one of the most heavily-regulated industries in the country with laws covering such important areas as food and worker safety, livestock price reporting and product labeling as well as rules governing our business relationship with the farmers. But for us, it's not just about regulations, it's about people trying to do the right thing in every aspect of what we do, including how we work with farmers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new book argues that Tyson's system treats farmers like \"modern-day sharecroppers.\" Author Christopher Leonard looks at Tyson's inner workings and the not-so-independent farmers who raise the birds.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1392838425,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1260},"headData":{"title":"Is Tyson Foods' Chicken Empire a 'Meat Racket'? | KQED","description":"A new book argues that Tyson's system treats farmers like "modern-day sharecroppers." Author Christopher Leonard looks at Tyson's inner workings and the not-so-independent farmers who raise the birds.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Is Tyson Foods' Chicken Empire a 'Meat Racket'?","datePublished":"2014-02-19T19:30:34.000Z","dateModified":"2014-02-19T19:33:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"78387 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=78387","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/02/19/is-tyson-foods-chicken-empire-a-meat-racket/","disqusTitle":"Is Tyson Foods' Chicken Empire a 'Meat Racket'?","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"276981085","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=276981085&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/19/276981085/is-tyson-foods-chicken-empire-a-meat-racket?ft=3&f=276981085","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 19 Feb 2014 12:09:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 19 Feb 2014 03:44:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 19 Feb 2014 12:09:47 -0500","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/02/20140219_me_is_tyson_foods_chicken_empire_a_meat_racket.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=276981085","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1279405678-dfc714.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=276981085","path":"/bayareabites/78387/is-tyson-foods-chicken-empire-a-meat-racket","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/02/20140219_me_is_tyson_foods_chicken_empire_a_meat_racket.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=276981085","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/ap03061904596-copy_wide-04e046a71a76521f2db3a98d6057ea0534e9dc32.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/ap03061904596-copy_wide-04e046a71a76521f2db3a98d6057ea0534e9dc32.jpg\" alt=\"Chickens gather around a feeder in a Tyson Foods poultry house in Washington County, Ark. Photo: April L. Brown/AP\" width=\"1672\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78388\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chickens gather around a feeder in a Tyson Foods poultry house in Washington County, Ark. Photo: April L. Brown/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/19/276981085/is-tyson-foods-chicken-empire-a-meat-racket\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/19/2014)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/19/276981085/is-tyson-foods-chicken-empire-a-meat-racket\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/02/20140219_me_is_tyson_foods_chicken_empire_a_meat_racket.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Leonard's new exposé on the chicken industry, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/The-Meat-Racket-Takeover-Americas/dp/1451645813/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1392403784&sr=8-1&keywords=meat+racket\">The Meat Racket\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, doesn't devote much ink to the physical object on our plate, the chicken meat itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Leonard focuses on the economic machinery that delivers the meat to us, or, as he puts it, \"the hidden power structure that has quietly reshaped U.S. rural economies while gaining unprecedented control over the nation's meat supply.\" His book aims a spotlight at Tyson Foods, which helped create the modern chicken industry. And it recounts the stories of people, mostly farmers, whom Leonard contends Tyson has chewed up and cast aside since its incorporation in 1947.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard, now a fellow at the \u003ca href=\"http://newamerica.net/\">New America Foundation\u003c/a>, once worked for the \u003cem>Arkansas Democrat-Gazette\u003c/em>, covering business news in Tyson's home territory. And there's a note of admiration in Leonard's description of Don Tyson, the man who drove the company's rise to global superpower of meat after taking over the company when his father, John, died in 1967.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78392\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 252px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/dontyson_custom-e4e436a506d04f6a9af7b42019bbcb4bdef0520a-s3-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/dontyson_custom-e4e436a506d04f6a9af7b42019bbcb4bdef0520a-s3-c85-252x290.jpg\" alt=\"Don Tyson took over as president of Tyson Foods in 1967 and ran the company until his death in 2011. Photo: Hudson Photography Inc./Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"252\" height=\"290\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-78392\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Don Tyson took over as president of Tyson Foods in 1967 and ran the company until his death in 2011. Photo: Hudson Photography Inc./Wikimedia Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I think he was a genius,\" Leonard tells NPR's Renée Montagne on \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>. \"Don Tyson had the ability to see the world as it did not yet exist. He saw that chicken would soon replace beef or pork as the most popular meat in the United States.\" (For more, listen to the entire interview.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard has no admiration at all, though, for the system of chicken production that Tyson built, which \"keeps farmers in a state of indebted servitude, living like modern-day sharecroppers on the ragged edge of bankruptcy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard's criticisms are not new. Activist groups devoted to farmers' rights, such as \u003ca href=\"http://rafiusa.org/\">Rural Advancement Foundation International\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iatp.org/\">Institute for Agricultural and Trade Policy\u003c/a>, have been fighting against concentration in the poultry and meat-packing industries for many years. In the early days of the Obama administration, the Department of Agriculture and the Justice Department held public \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/workshops/ag2010/\">hearings\u003c/a> on alleged abuses by companies that dominate the meat business. Just a few weeks ago, the Pew Charitable Trusts released its own \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewenvironment.org/news-room/reports/the-business-of-broilers-hidden-costs-of-putting-a-chicken-on-every-grill-85899528152\">critique\u003c/a> of the broiler industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard's book, however, is probably the most detailed account of the inner workings of Tyson, as well as the relationship between poultry companies and the not-so-independent farmers who actually raise the birds. That relationship is often called \"contract farming.\" It was invented by the poultry industry, but is now gaining ground in the pork and beef industries, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this system, the farmer owns the chicken houses, but the poultry companies are very much in control. They deliver the chicks on their own schedule — in fact, they aren't required to deliver any flocks at all. They supply the feed, and the feed additives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 624px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/gr-tyson-chicken-tons-624.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/gr-tyson-chicken-tons-624.png\" alt=\"Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service Credit: NPR\" width=\"624\" height=\"354\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78393\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service\u003cbr>Credit: NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leonard depicts that relationship as something like a con game run by the companies for their own benefit. \"Almost invariably, from everything I've seen, the farmer loses,\" he told \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>. \"The farmer takes the brunt of the volatility; the farmer swallows the worst of the losses when there is a problem with their chickens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard tells the stories of farmers who've fallen into bankruptcy, and implies that this outcome is almost inevitable. The National Chicken Council, an industry lobbying group, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/new-book-misses-mark-nothing-educate-consumers-realities-modern-poultry-production/\">responded\u003c/a> with two pages of quotes from poultry producers who stoutly defend the contract growing systems. It also pointed out that when grain prices spiked a few years ago, chicken companies ate huge losses, while contract farmers, who didn't have to pay directly for the feed, were protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tyson, in a separate statement, said \"we depend on [contract farmers] and want them to succeed. Some of them have been raising livestock and poultry for us for decades, and in some cases, for multiple generations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_78394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 624px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/gr-tyson-revenue-624.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/02/gr-tyson-revenue-624.png\" alt=\"Source: SEC filings Credit: NPR\" width=\"624\" height=\"354\" class=\"size-full wp-image-78394\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: SEC filings\u003cbr>Credit: NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Meat Racket\u003c/em>'s description of the problems with contract farming is more convincing than its ideas for how to build a better, more equitable alternative. Leonard, for instance, endorses the modest reforms put in place in Iowa, which guarantee farmers certain rights, such as the right to share contract information. But those reforms don't touch the basic shape of the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His more ambitious hope is for a revival of free markets in meat production instead of vertically integrated supply chains run by big companies. Yet it's unclear whether this would really improve things. Competition among farmers is a brutal reality of commodity production; as farmers push to become more efficient, it drives down prices and pushes the weakest out of the business. In poultry, the companies run that competition; in many other commodities, free markets do the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few American consumers seem to care very much about that. After all, if competition keeps prices low, why should they complain?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonard thinks the situation has changed, and that poultry superpowers now are using their power to raise chicken prices, squeezing consumers as well as farmers. Yet the industry's ability to protect its profits still seems limited. Five years ago, one of the biggest poultry companies in the country, Pilgrim's Pride, actually went bankrupt when feed prices soared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pilgrim's Pride was snapped up by JBS, a Brazil-based multinational. It's now the biggest producer of meat in the world, ahead of Tyson. Increasing concentration in the meat industry, once fueled by Don Tyson's ambition, continues even without him.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tyson Responds\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read Tyson Foods' emailed statement to NPR responding to Christopher Leonard's observations.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Contrary to critics like Mr. Leonard, we provide opportunities for farmers to prosper and consumers to buy safe, affordable food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Tyson Foods is \u003ca href=\"http://www.tysonfoods.com/Our-Story/Farmers.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">one of the leading supporters of American farmers\u003c/a>, paying more than $15 billion last year alone to the thousands of independent farmers who supply us. We depend on them and want them to succeed. Some of them have been raising livestock and poultry for us for decades, and in some cases, for multiple generations. They own and operate their own farms and either sell their livestock to us or raise our chickens for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our business is structured to meet the needs of our customers and ultimately consumers. We sell our products to retail and food service companies; however, we don't set consumer prices. What we ask for our products is determined by supply and demand. No one company is big enough to control the market, especially in today's global food environment. U.S. consumers still spend a smaller percentage of their total income on food than consumers in most other countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Meat production is already one of the most heavily-regulated industries in the country with laws covering such important areas as food and worker safety, livestock price reporting and product labeling as well as rules governing our business relationship with the farmers. But for us, it's not just about regulations, it's about people trying to do the right thing in every aspect of what we do, including how we work with farmers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/78387/is-tyson-foods-chicken-empire-a-meat-racket","authors":["byline_bayareabites_78387"],"categories":["bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_34"],"tags":["bayareabites_621","bayareabites_13091","bayareabites_2143","bayareabites_12192"],"featImg":"bayareabites_78396","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_68677":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_68677","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"68677","score":null,"sort":[1377139404000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs","title":"Inside the Beef Industry's Battle Over Growth-Promotion Drugs","publishDate":1377139404,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/cattle-full.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/cattle-full.jpg\" alt=\"Beef cattle stand in a barn on the Larson Farms feedlot in Maple Park, Ill. Photo: Daniel Acker/Landov\" width=\"1120\" height=\"840\" class=\"size-full wp-image-68683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beef cattle stand in a barn on the Larson Farms feedlot in Maple Park, Ill. Photo: Daniel Acker/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/21/214202886/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/08/20130821_atc_04.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/21/214202886/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs\">The Salt on NPR Food\u003c/a> (8/21/2013)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the drug company Merck Animal Health \u003ca href=\"http://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/news/2013-8-16.aspx\">announced\u003c/a> plans to suspend sales of its Zilmax feed additive last week, many observers were shocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet concern about Zilmax and the class of growth-promotion drugs called beta agonists has been building for some time. In an interesting twist, the decisive pressure on Zilmax did not come from animal welfare groups or government regulators: It emerged from within the beef industry itself, and from academic experts who have long worked as consultants to the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them is \u003ca href=\"http://www.grandin.com/\">Temple Grandin\u003c/a>, a professor of animal science at Colorado State University and a world-renowned expert on how cattle react to their environments. Grandin, whose life is the subject of an \u003ca href=\"http://www.hbo.com/movies/temple-grandin/index.html\">HBO biopic\u003c/a>, has redesigned slaughterhouses to make them more humane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the summer of 2006, she says, she started seeing a new kind of problem among the cattle, especially when the weather got really hot. \"You had animals that were stiff and sore-footed, animals that were reluctant to move,\" she recalls. \"They act like the floor is red-hot. They don't want to put their feet down. And I had never seen these kinds of symptoms before, ever!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problems, she says, affect as many as 1 out of every 5 animals. She's become increasingly convinced that the problems result from the drugs called beta agonists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beta agonists are similar, chemically, to the adrenaline that our bodies produce. In humans, this class of drugs is used to treat asthma. When fed to cattle or pigs, though, the animals grow more muscle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These beta agonist drugs have a dramatic and profound and beneficial impact on production,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.depts.ttu.edu/afs/people/Faculty_Loneragan.php\">Guy Loneragan\u003c/a>, a professor of food safety and public health at Texas Tech University in Lubbock. \"They can add somewhere in the range of 15 to 30 pounds of beef to a carcass in the last three to four weeks of the fattening period.\" That makes a significant difference to a beef producer's bottom line, and as a result, these drugs are widely used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Loneragan, too, has come to believe that these profitable drugs may be causing problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two weeks ago, at a meeting held by the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, he presented data showing that feedlot cattle consuming beta agonists died more often. At that same meeting, Grandin gave a talk about her observations of cattle that seemed reluctant to move. And an animal welfare expert from a big meat packer, JBS, showed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/13/us-usa-cattle-jbs-drugs-idUSBRE97C02M20130813\">video\u003c/a> of cattle that appeared lethargic, unable to walk properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grandin says that video made people angry. \"You've got a lot of people in the cattle industry who care about cattle, and they don't like to see cattle that are lame,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As that conference was ending, another big meat packer, Tyson Foods, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/09/did-tyson-ban-doping-cows-with-zilmax-to-boost-foreign-sales/\" title=\"Did Tyson Ban Doping Cows with Zilmax to Boost Foreign Sales?\">announced \u003c/a>that it would stop buying cattle that had been fed one particular beta agonist: Zilmax. Zilmax, or zilpaterol, is considered the most powerful beta agonist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loneragan later had a chance to go through information that the company had collected on the effects of beta agonists. \"As they pieced together their information — and as I had the opportunity to review their information — they felt that they had to act, and I felt that they made the right decision,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck Animal Health, which makes Zilmax, initially defended its product, but decided last week to suspend sales of the drug. The company says that it remains convinced that Zilmax is safe for animals, and it expects to answer all the questions that people now have. Meanwhile, feedlot operators still can use another beta agonist, which is sold by the company Elanco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration, which approved these drugs, remains a bystander for now. In an email, an FDA representative said only that the agency \"has received a very small number of reports\" of problems with these drugs and that the \"FDA will review any new information to determine if there is a safety issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grandin, for her part, is not pushing for a ban on beta agonists. She thinks it may be possible to use these drugs in ways that avoid causing harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe you just don't do it in the summer, when it's hot,\" she says. \"The doses are probably going to have to be cut back. But these problems have got to stop. I've laid awake at night about it. I've worked all my career to improve how animals are handled, and these animals are just suffering. It has to stop!\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Beta agonists, a class of drugs widely fed to cattle and hogs to make them put on weight faster, are coming under increasing scrutiny. Reports suggest animals fed these drugs can seem reluctant to move — lethargic, unable to walk properly — and may die more often, too.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1377139404,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":820},"headData":{"title":"Inside the Beef Industry's Battle Over Growth-Promotion Drugs | KQED","description":"Beta agonists, a class of drugs widely fed to cattle and hogs to make them put on weight faster, are coming under increasing scrutiny. Reports suggest animals fed these drugs can seem reluctant to move — lethargic, unable to walk properly — and may die more often, too.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Inside the Beef Industry's Battle Over Growth-Promotion Drugs","datePublished":"2013-08-22T02:43:24.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-22T02:43:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"68677 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=68677","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/21/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs/","disqusTitle":"Inside the Beef Industry's Battle Over Growth-Promotion Drugs","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"214202886","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=214202886&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/21/214202886/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs?ft=3&f=214202886","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 21 Aug 2013 18:38:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 21 Aug 2013 15:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 21 Aug 2013 18:38:33 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/08/20130821_atc_04.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=214202886","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1214237519-313d80.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=214202886","path":"/bayareabites/68677/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/08/20130821_atc_04.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=214202886","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/cattle-full.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/cattle-full.jpg\" alt=\"Beef cattle stand in a barn on the Larson Farms feedlot in Maple Park, Ill. Photo: Daniel Acker/Landov\" width=\"1120\" height=\"840\" class=\"size-full wp-image-68683\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beef cattle stand in a barn on the Larson Farms feedlot in Maple Park, Ill. Photo: Daniel Acker/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/21/214202886/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/08/20130821_atc_04.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/21/214202886/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs\">The Salt on NPR Food\u003c/a> (8/21/2013)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the drug company Merck Animal Health \u003ca href=\"http://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/news/2013-8-16.aspx\">announced\u003c/a> plans to suspend sales of its Zilmax feed additive last week, many observers were shocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet concern about Zilmax and the class of growth-promotion drugs called beta agonists has been building for some time. In an interesting twist, the decisive pressure on Zilmax did not come from animal welfare groups or government regulators: It emerged from within the beef industry itself, and from academic experts who have long worked as consultants to the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them is \u003ca href=\"http://www.grandin.com/\">Temple Grandin\u003c/a>, a professor of animal science at Colorado State University and a world-renowned expert on how cattle react to their environments. Grandin, whose life is the subject of an \u003ca href=\"http://www.hbo.com/movies/temple-grandin/index.html\">HBO biopic\u003c/a>, has redesigned slaughterhouses to make them more humane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the summer of 2006, she says, she started seeing a new kind of problem among the cattle, especially when the weather got really hot. \"You had animals that were stiff and sore-footed, animals that were reluctant to move,\" she recalls. \"They act like the floor is red-hot. They don't want to put their feet down. And I had never seen these kinds of symptoms before, ever!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problems, she says, affect as many as 1 out of every 5 animals. She's become increasingly convinced that the problems result from the drugs called beta agonists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beta agonists are similar, chemically, to the adrenaline that our bodies produce. In humans, this class of drugs is used to treat asthma. When fed to cattle or pigs, though, the animals grow more muscle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These beta agonist drugs have a dramatic and profound and beneficial impact on production,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.depts.ttu.edu/afs/people/Faculty_Loneragan.php\">Guy Loneragan\u003c/a>, a professor of food safety and public health at Texas Tech University in Lubbock. \"They can add somewhere in the range of 15 to 30 pounds of beef to a carcass in the last three to four weeks of the fattening period.\" That makes a significant difference to a beef producer's bottom line, and as a result, these drugs are widely used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Loneragan, too, has come to believe that these profitable drugs may be causing problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two weeks ago, at a meeting held by the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, he presented data showing that feedlot cattle consuming beta agonists died more often. At that same meeting, Grandin gave a talk about her observations of cattle that seemed reluctant to move. And an animal welfare expert from a big meat packer, JBS, showed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/13/us-usa-cattle-jbs-drugs-idUSBRE97C02M20130813\">video\u003c/a> of cattle that appeared lethargic, unable to walk properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grandin says that video made people angry. \"You've got a lot of people in the cattle industry who care about cattle, and they don't like to see cattle that are lame,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As that conference was ending, another big meat packer, Tyson Foods, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/09/did-tyson-ban-doping-cows-with-zilmax-to-boost-foreign-sales/\" title=\"Did Tyson Ban Doping Cows with Zilmax to Boost Foreign Sales?\">announced \u003c/a>that it would stop buying cattle that had been fed one particular beta agonist: Zilmax. Zilmax, or zilpaterol, is considered the most powerful beta agonist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loneragan later had a chance to go through information that the company had collected on the effects of beta agonists. \"As they pieced together their information — and as I had the opportunity to review their information — they felt that they had to act, and I felt that they made the right decision,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck Animal Health, which makes Zilmax, initially defended its product, but decided last week to suspend sales of the drug. The company says that it remains convinced that Zilmax is safe for animals, and it expects to answer all the questions that people now have. Meanwhile, feedlot operators still can use another beta agonist, which is sold by the company Elanco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration, which approved these drugs, remains a bystander for now. In an email, an FDA representative said only that the agency \"has received a very small number of reports\" of problems with these drugs and that the \"FDA will review any new information to determine if there is a safety issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grandin, for her part, is not pushing for a ban on beta agonists. She thinks it may be possible to use these drugs in ways that avoid causing harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe you just don't do it in the summer, when it's hot,\" she says. \"The doses are probably going to have to be cut back. But these problems have got to stop. I've laid awake at night about it. I've worked all my career to improve how animals are handled, and these animals are just suffering. It has to stop!\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/68677/inside-the-beef-industrys-battle-over-growth-promotion-drugs","authors":["byline_bayareabites_68677"],"categories":["bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_34"],"tags":["bayareabites_620","bayareabites_8966","bayareabites_12251","bayareabites_12192","bayareabites_12193"],"featImg":"bayareabites_68682","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_67969":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_67969","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"67969","score":null,"sort":[1376091284000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"did-tyson-ban-doping-cows-with-zilmax-to-boost-foreign-sales","title":"Did Tyson Ban Doping Cows with Zilmax to Boost Foreign Sales?","publishDate":1376091284,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67977\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/cattlefull.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/cattlefull.jpg\" alt='A pen at a feedlot in central Kansas that houses 30,000 cattle. Feedlots are where cattle are \"finished\" before slaughter, often with the use of growth-promoting drugs like zilpaterol. Photo: Peggy Lowe, Harvest Public Media' width=\"1120\" height=\"629\" class=\"size-full wp-image-67977\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pen at a feedlot in central Kansas that houses 30,000 cattle. Feedlots are where cattle are \"finished\" before slaughter, often with the use of growth-promoting drugs like zilpaterol. Photo: Peggy Lowe, Harvest Public Media\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/09/210538430/did-tyson-drop-zilmax-fed-beef-to-appease-foreign-buyers\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/08/20130809_atc_17.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by Peggy Lowe, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/09/210538430/did-tyson-drop-zilmax-fed-beef-to-appease-foreign-buyers\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (8/9/2013)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tyson Foods Inc. announced this week that it would soon suspend purchases of cattle that had been treated with a controversial drug, citing animal welfare concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many in the industry wonder if the real reason is the battle for sales in other countries, where certain drugs that make livestock grow faster are banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I really do think this is more of a marketing ploy from Tyson to raise some awareness so they can garner some export business from our overseas export partners,\" says Dan Norcini, an independent commodities broker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surprising many in the industry, Tyson sent a letter to cattle feeders saying that as of Sept. 6, the company would no longer buy animals that had been treated with \u003ca href=\"http://www.zilmax.com/\">Zilmax\u003c/a>, a drug that bulks up cattle by as much as 30 pounds just before slaughter. Tyson controls 26 percent of the U.S. beef supply and is the first company in the industry to make this change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter cited recent reports of cattle being delivered for processing that couldn't walk or move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do not know the specific cause of these problems, but some animal health experts have suggested that the use of the feed supplement Zilmax, also known as zilpaterol, is one possible cause,\" the letter said, adding that it wasn't a food safety issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that manufactures Zilmax, Merck Animal Health, issued a \u003ca href=\"http://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/news/2013-8-8.aspx\">statement\u003c/a> saying the product is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are surprised by Tyson's letter,\" the statement said. \"We are confident that, based on all of the available data on Zilmax, the experience reported by Tyson is not attributable to Zilmax.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zilmax, approved by the FDA for use in livestock, is a beta-agonist and acts as a steroid, turning fat into muscle. As the \u003cem>Chronicle of Higher Education\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://chronicle.com/article/As-Beef-Cattle-Become/131480/\">reported\u003c/a> in 2012, the drug can make meat tough and tasteless. But new reports have surfaced recently suggesting that cattle are growing so large — up to 1,300 pounds — that they can't walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lilly Callaway, an animal scientist who works for JBS, the largest beef-producing company in the world, told a meeting of cattle producers in Denver this week that her company is seeing increasing reports of animals fed beta-agonists as stressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Truck drivers have indicated that there is a difference between loading cattle depending on the beta-agonist status of the diet,\" she told \u003ca href=\"http://feedstuffs.com/story-tyson-stops-buying-cattle-fed-popular-beta-agonist-45-101133\">Feedstuffs\u003c/a>, a weekly agribusiness newspaper. \"Our plants have indicated that particular lots of cattle are showing up as 'tender-footed' — they do not want to move, seem lethargic and stiff, and have no energy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Callicrate, a Kansas cattle rancher and president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.competitivemarkets.com/\">Organization for Competitive Markets\u003c/a>, a small group of beef producers fighting consolidation of the industry, says he wasn't surprised by Tyson's move. Consumers are growing increasingly aware of how their food is produced, he says, and they don't like what the use of what he calls \"performance-enhancing drugs\" to dope livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Lance Armstrong, baseball-player type of compounds are precisely the same compounds being used in livestock production,\" he says. \"We have killed our export markets with the use of all these growth-promoting, growth-enhancing, performance-enhancing type drugs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/02/12/why-russia-is-saying-nyet-to-u-s-meat-imports/\">Russia\u003c/a> and many countries in the European Union have banned the use of these drugs in meat production. In May, Smithfield Foods, the largest pork producer in the world, announced it would cut in half its purchase of animals raised with a similar drug, ractopamine. Just a week later, Smithfield \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/05/29/187029237/smithfield-foods-to-be-sold-to-chinese-firm-for-4-72-billion\">announced\u003c/a> its sale to a Chinese company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patty Lovera, assistant director of Food and Water Watch in Washington, D.C., says she hopes that large companies' barring the use of such drugs will become a trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a little bit unfortunate that it takes other countries having good standards to make an improvement in the U.S. marketplace,\" she said, \"but at this point we'll take what we can get, I think, when it comes to how we look at the drugs that are allowed to be given to food animals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is happy about Tyson's decision. The last few years have been tough on cattle ranchers and farmers. They've suffered through \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/06/12/drought-high-cost-beef/\">drought\u003c/a> drying up their hay and grass, then watched as that weather killed off corn and sent feed prices sky high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norcini, the commodities broker, says Zilmax was a godsend to producers, allowing them to feed the cattle less and get a better price thanks to the added pounds. He thinks Tyson is taking a big risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They may appease or they may keep some people happy in ... the animal rights front. They may gain some followers and some accolades from that,\" he says. \"But I think the cattle industry as a whole is not going to look at this particularly in a good light.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Lovera and others wonder if Tyson is simply sending a message to all those countries now negotiating two large trade agreements with the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This stuff is front and center in these trade negotiations so I just think it's really interesting to see a big player like this volunteer some change, probably to make export markets happy,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Peggy Lowe is a reporter for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://harvestpublicmedia.org/\">Harvest Public Media\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a public radio reporting collaboration that focuses on agriculture and food production.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tyson Foods said it will stop using the controversial drug, which fattens cattle, because of potential animal welfare issues. But many in the beef industry say the company is just interested in boosting exports to countries like China and the European Union, where growth-promoting drugs for meat production are banned.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1376091284,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":971},"headData":{"title":"Did Tyson Ban Doping Cows with Zilmax to Boost Foreign Sales? | KQED","description":"Tyson Foods said it will stop using the controversial drug, which fattens cattle, because of potential animal welfare issues. But many in the beef industry say the company is just interested in boosting exports to countries like China and the European Union, where growth-promoting drugs for meat production are banned.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Did Tyson Ban Doping Cows with Zilmax to Boost Foreign Sales?","datePublished":"2013-08-09T23:34:44.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-09T23:34:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"67969 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=67969","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/09/did-tyson-ban-doping-cows-with-zilmax-to-boost-foreign-sales/","disqusTitle":"Did Tyson Ban Doping Cows with Zilmax to Boost Foreign Sales?","nprByline":"Peggy Lowe","nprStoryId":"210538430","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=210538430&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/09/210538430/did-tyson-drop-zilmax-fed-beef-to-appease-foreign-buyers?ft=3&f=210538430","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 09 Aug 2013 18:36:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 09 Aug 2013 15:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 09 Aug 2013 18:36:07 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/08/20130809_atc_17.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=210538430","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1210576571-aa9218.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=210538430","path":"/bayareabites/67969/did-tyson-ban-doping-cows-with-zilmax-to-boost-foreign-sales","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/08/20130809_atc_17.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=210538430","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67977\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/cattlefull.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/cattlefull.jpg\" alt='A pen at a feedlot in central Kansas that houses 30,000 cattle. Feedlots are where cattle are \"finished\" before slaughter, often with the use of growth-promoting drugs like zilpaterol. Photo: Peggy Lowe, Harvest Public Media' width=\"1120\" height=\"629\" class=\"size-full wp-image-67977\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pen at a feedlot in central Kansas that houses 30,000 cattle. Feedlots are where cattle are \"finished\" before slaughter, often with the use of growth-promoting drugs like zilpaterol. Photo: Peggy Lowe, Harvest Public Media\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/09/210538430/did-tyson-drop-zilmax-fed-beef-to-appease-foreign-buyers\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/08/20130809_atc_17.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by Peggy Lowe, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/09/210538430/did-tyson-drop-zilmax-fed-beef-to-appease-foreign-buyers\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (8/9/2013)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tyson Foods Inc. announced this week that it would soon suspend purchases of cattle that had been treated with a controversial drug, citing animal welfare concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many in the industry wonder if the real reason is the battle for sales in other countries, where certain drugs that make livestock grow faster are banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I really do think this is more of a marketing ploy from Tyson to raise some awareness so they can garner some export business from our overseas export partners,\" says Dan Norcini, an independent commodities broker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surprising many in the industry, Tyson sent a letter to cattle feeders saying that as of Sept. 6, the company would no longer buy animals that had been treated with \u003ca href=\"http://www.zilmax.com/\">Zilmax\u003c/a>, a drug that bulks up cattle by as much as 30 pounds just before slaughter. Tyson controls 26 percent of the U.S. beef supply and is the first company in the industry to make this change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter cited recent reports of cattle being delivered for processing that couldn't walk or move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do not know the specific cause of these problems, but some animal health experts have suggested that the use of the feed supplement Zilmax, also known as zilpaterol, is one possible cause,\" the letter said, adding that it wasn't a food safety issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that manufactures Zilmax, Merck Animal Health, issued a \u003ca href=\"http://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/news/2013-8-8.aspx\">statement\u003c/a> saying the product is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are surprised by Tyson's letter,\" the statement said. \"We are confident that, based on all of the available data on Zilmax, the experience reported by Tyson is not attributable to Zilmax.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zilmax, approved by the FDA for use in livestock, is a beta-agonist and acts as a steroid, turning fat into muscle. As the \u003cem>Chronicle of Higher Education\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://chronicle.com/article/As-Beef-Cattle-Become/131480/\">reported\u003c/a> in 2012, the drug can make meat tough and tasteless. But new reports have surfaced recently suggesting that cattle are growing so large — up to 1,300 pounds — that they can't walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lilly Callaway, an animal scientist who works for JBS, the largest beef-producing company in the world, told a meeting of cattle producers in Denver this week that her company is seeing increasing reports of animals fed beta-agonists as stressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Truck drivers have indicated that there is a difference between loading cattle depending on the beta-agonist status of the diet,\" she told \u003ca href=\"http://feedstuffs.com/story-tyson-stops-buying-cattle-fed-popular-beta-agonist-45-101133\">Feedstuffs\u003c/a>, a weekly agribusiness newspaper. \"Our plants have indicated that particular lots of cattle are showing up as 'tender-footed' — they do not want to move, seem lethargic and stiff, and have no energy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Callicrate, a Kansas cattle rancher and president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.competitivemarkets.com/\">Organization for Competitive Markets\u003c/a>, a small group of beef producers fighting consolidation of the industry, says he wasn't surprised by Tyson's move. Consumers are growing increasingly aware of how their food is produced, he says, and they don't like what the use of what he calls \"performance-enhancing drugs\" to dope livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Lance Armstrong, baseball-player type of compounds are precisely the same compounds being used in livestock production,\" he says. \"We have killed our export markets with the use of all these growth-promoting, growth-enhancing, performance-enhancing type drugs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/02/12/why-russia-is-saying-nyet-to-u-s-meat-imports/\">Russia\u003c/a> and many countries in the European Union have banned the use of these drugs in meat production. In May, Smithfield Foods, the largest pork producer in the world, announced it would cut in half its purchase of animals raised with a similar drug, ractopamine. Just a week later, Smithfield \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/05/29/187029237/smithfield-foods-to-be-sold-to-chinese-firm-for-4-72-billion\">announced\u003c/a> its sale to a Chinese company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patty Lovera, assistant director of Food and Water Watch in Washington, D.C., says she hopes that large companies' barring the use of such drugs will become a trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a little bit unfortunate that it takes other countries having good standards to make an improvement in the U.S. marketplace,\" she said, \"but at this point we'll take what we can get, I think, when it comes to how we look at the drugs that are allowed to be given to food animals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is happy about Tyson's decision. The last few years have been tough on cattle ranchers and farmers. They've suffered through \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/06/12/drought-high-cost-beef/\">drought\u003c/a> drying up their hay and grass, then watched as that weather killed off corn and sent feed prices sky high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norcini, the commodities broker, says Zilmax was a godsend to producers, allowing them to feed the cattle less and get a better price thanks to the added pounds. He thinks Tyson is taking a big risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They may appease or they may keep some people happy in ... the animal rights front. They may gain some followers and some accolades from that,\" he says. \"But I think the cattle industry as a whole is not going to look at this particularly in a good light.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Lovera and others wonder if Tyson is simply sending a message to all those countries now negotiating two large trade agreements with the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This stuff is front and center in these trade negotiations so I just think it's really interesting to see a big player like this volunteer some change, probably to make export markets happy,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Peggy Lowe is a reporter for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://harvestpublicmedia.org/\">Harvest Public Media\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a public radio reporting collaboration that focuses on agriculture and food production.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/67969/did-tyson-ban-doping-cows-with-zilmax-to-boost-foreign-sales","authors":["byline_bayareabites_67969"],"categories":["bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_34"],"tags":["bayareabites_620","bayareabites_8966","bayareabites_2608","bayareabites_8914","bayareabites_12192","bayareabites_12193"],"featImg":"bayareabites_67976","label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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