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Death of the Bees
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I am a regular contributor to AFAR, Edible East Bay Magazine, Oakland Magazine, Berkeleyside's NOSH and other publications. I usually take a route that's slightly off the beaten path, like \u003ca href=\"http://edibleeastbay.com/online-magazine/fall-harvest-2017/fun-with-food-insults/\">collecting food-related insults\u003c/a> around the world or \u003ca href=\"https://www.afar.com/magazine/what-i-learned-hawking-sweet-potatoes-with-a-street-vendor-in-taiwan?email=amindess%40aol.com&utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Doctors%20Without%20Borders&utm_term=Daily%20Wander%20Newsletter\">volunteering with a Sweet Potato Mama\u003c/a> (street food seller) in Tapei.\r\n\r\nCulture is the thread that ties together my several careers. I also work as a sign language interpreter, educator and author. My study of Deaf culture has taken me around the world, where I am always on a quest to find Deaf-owned restaurants. 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We've heard plenty in recent years about collapsing bee colonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Jonas Geldmann, at the University of Cambridge, says he understands how the honeybee became a symbol of environmental conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he still doesn't like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of conservation organizations are promoting local honey, and even promoting sponsorships of honeybees and that kind of stuff, and that increasingly annoyed me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It annoyed him because the honeybee is perhaps the one type of bee that we should worry about the least. Honeybee hives aren't natural, and they don't help the environment. In fact, they may harm it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are thousands of bee species. Almost all of them live in the wild, hiding away in the ground or in odd cavities, like hollow plant stems. They play a vital role in the ecosystem, pollinating flowering plants. Many are in peril; some species have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researcher \u003ca href=\"https://www.uoguelph.ca/ses/people/nigel-raine\">Nigel Raine\u003c/a> has a whole array of wild bees impaled on pins in his laboratory at the University of Guelph, in Canada. Many are tiny. Raine says that gardeners often assume they're flies. \"If you sit down and say, 'No, that's a small, solitary bee; that's a metallic green one' — when you show them a metallic green bee in their yard, they say, 'Wow! That's amazing!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there's the honeybee: originally imported from Europe, raised and managed by beekeepers in order to make honey or to pollinate crops like almonds. It's an agricultural animal, in the same way that sheep and cattle are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When flowers are abundant, there is plenty of pollen for both honeybees and their wild cousins. But in many landscapes, or when an orchard stops blooming, farmed honeybees can compete with wild bees for food, making it harder for wild species to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, a healthy environment needs bees — but not honeybees, Geldmann says. This week, he published a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6374/392\">commentary\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> trying to spread the word to a wider audience. \"The way we're managing honeybees, in these hives, has nothing to do with nature conservation,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who study bees already understand this. But they struggle with how to talk to the public about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're on a learning curve, all of us,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.beelab.umn.edu/meet-us/dr-marla-spivak\">Marla Spivak\u003c/a>, at the University of Minnesota, one of the country's most prominent bee researchers. \"It's like honeybees were the portal — the door to much larger issues, conservation issues in general.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concern for honeybees helped more people understand why it's important to have more land covered with wildflowers and trees — and free from pesticides, Spivak says. Such a landscape is good for both honeybees and wild bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My preference is not to pit one bee against another,\" Spivak says. \"I would prefer to live on a planet where there are bountiful flowers to support all of our bees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bee that needs our help the most may be that tiny green bee in your garden and not the honeybee. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Maybe honeybees get too much attention. They are agricultural animals, like sheep or cattle, and they sometimes make life harder for wild bees. In fact, the bees in true peril are the wild ones.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1517184191,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":547},"headData":{"title":"Honeybees Help Farmers, But They Don't Help the Environment | KQED","description":"Maybe honeybees get too much attention. They are agricultural animals, like sheep or cattle, and they sometimes make life harder for wild bees. In fact, the bees in true peril are the wild ones.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Honeybees Help Farmers, But They Don't Help the Environment","datePublished":"2018-01-29T00:03:11.000Z","dateModified":"2018-01-29T00:03:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"124597 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=124597","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/01/28/honeybees-help-farmers-but-they-dont-help-the-environment/","disqusTitle":"Honeybees Help Farmers, But They Don't Help the Environment","nprImageCredit":"Dan Charles","nprByline":"Dan Charles, \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/01/27/581007165/honeybees-help-farmers-but-they-dont-help-the-environment\">NPR Food\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"581007165","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=581007165&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/01/27/581007165/honeybees-help-farmers-but-they-dont-help-the-environment?ft=nprml&f=581007165","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sat, 27 Jan 2018 18:13:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Sat, 27 Jan 2018 08:21:55 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sat, 27 Jan 2018 18:13:50 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/01/20180127_wesat_honeybees_help_farmers_but_they_dont_help_the_environment.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=170&p=7&story=581007165&ft=nprml&f=581007165","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1581269104-e58aa8.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=170&p=7&story=581007165&ft=nprml&f=581007165","path":"/bayareabites/124597/honeybees-help-farmers-but-they-dont-help-the-environment","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/01/20180127_wesat_honeybees_help_farmers_but_they_dont_help_the_environment.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=170&p=7&story=581007165&ft=nprml&f=581007165","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story on Weekend Edition:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"nprOneAudioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/01/20180127_wesat_honeybees_help_farmers_but_they_dont_help_the_environment.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honeybees are amazing and adorable, and they suffer when people spray pesticides or mow down wildflowers. We've heard plenty in recent years about collapsing bee colonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Jonas Geldmann, at the University of Cambridge, says he understands how the honeybee became a symbol of environmental conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he still doesn't like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of conservation organizations are promoting local honey, and even promoting sponsorships of honeybees and that kind of stuff, and that increasingly annoyed me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It annoyed him because the honeybee is perhaps the one type of bee that we should worry about the least. Honeybee hives aren't natural, and they don't help the environment. In fact, they may harm it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are thousands of bee species. Almost all of them live in the wild, hiding away in the ground or in odd cavities, like hollow plant stems. They play a vital role in the ecosystem, pollinating flowering plants. Many are in peril; some species have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researcher \u003ca href=\"https://www.uoguelph.ca/ses/people/nigel-raine\">Nigel Raine\u003c/a> has a whole array of wild bees impaled on pins in his laboratory at the University of Guelph, in Canada. Many are tiny. Raine says that gardeners often assume they're flies. \"If you sit down and say, 'No, that's a small, solitary bee; that's a metallic green one' — when you show them a metallic green bee in their yard, they say, 'Wow! That's amazing!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there's the honeybee: originally imported from Europe, raised and managed by beekeepers in order to make honey or to pollinate crops like almonds. It's an agricultural animal, in the same way that sheep and cattle are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When flowers are abundant, there is plenty of pollen for both honeybees and their wild cousins. But in many landscapes, or when an orchard stops blooming, farmed honeybees can compete with wild bees for food, making it harder for wild species to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, a healthy environment needs bees — but not honeybees, Geldmann says. This week, he published a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6374/392\">commentary\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> trying to spread the word to a wider audience. \"The way we're managing honeybees, in these hives, has nothing to do with nature conservation,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who study bees already understand this. But they struggle with how to talk to the public about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're on a learning curve, all of us,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.beelab.umn.edu/meet-us/dr-marla-spivak\">Marla Spivak\u003c/a>, at the University of Minnesota, one of the country's most prominent bee researchers. \"It's like honeybees were the portal — the door to much larger issues, conservation issues in general.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concern for honeybees helped more people understand why it's important to have more land covered with wildflowers and trees — and free from pesticides, Spivak says. Such a landscape is good for both honeybees and wild bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My preference is not to pit one bee against another,\" Spivak says. \"I would prefer to live on a planet where there are bountiful flowers to support all of our bees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bee that needs our help the most may be that tiny green bee in your garden and not the honeybee. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/124597/honeybees-help-farmers-but-they-dont-help-the-environment","authors":["byline_bayareabites_124597"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_875","bayareabites_877","bayareabites_11445"],"featImg":"bayareabites_124598","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_115711":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_115711","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"115711","score":null,"sort":[1488575173000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rise-of-the-robot-bees-tiny-drones-turned-into-artificial-pollinators","title":"Rise Of The Robot Bees: Tiny Drones Turned Into Artificial Pollinators","publishDate":1488575173,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Near Esparto, in the beautiful Capay Valley region of central California, 1,400 young almond trees flourish in a century-old orchard overlooking the hills. Since November, they've stood in perfect rows without a hint of foliage — resting, naked and dormant, for the upcoming growing season. Their branches now swell with bright pastel blooms in preparation for pollination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most almond growers, Brian Paddock, owner of \u003ca href=\"http://chorganicalmonds.com/index.html\">Capay Hills Orchard\u003c/a>, relies on bees to provide this important aspect of crop development. \"No bees, no almonds. It's that simple,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often considered pests, frightful little creatures with a nasty sting, bees play a critical role in agriculture and the pollination of countless crops. Without them, many varieties of fruits and vegetables would come to an end. It's an agricultural doomsday scenario that has Paddock worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bee deaths have been on the rise, with losses outpacing colonies' ability to regenerate. Last year, the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://beeinformed.org/2016/05/10/nations-beekeepers-lost-44-percent-of-bees-in-2015-16/\">lost 44 percent\u003c/a> of all honeybee colonies — a species essential to commercial pollination in this country. Other species of bees have neared mass extinction, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/insects/rpbb/factsheetrpbb.html\">rusty patch bumble bee\u003c/a> and seven species of \u003ca href=\"http://www.xerces.org/hawaiian-yellow-faced-bees/\">Hawaiian yellow-faced bees\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A world without bees may seem far-fetched, but experts are looking for ways to help plants survive without them. Eijiro Miyako, a researcher at Japan's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, has designed what he believes could one day be a partial solution: \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451929417300323\">an insect-sized drone capable of artificial pollination\u003c/a>. Coated with a patch of horse hair bristles and an ionic liquid gel, these pint-sized robots can collect and transfer pollen from one plant to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project stems from a serendipitous moment. Miyako had previously experimented with using the specialized gel for electrochemical applications. When the gel performed poorly, he tucked the bottles away in a drawer and forgot about them — until he moved out of his lab two years ago. As soon as he rediscovered the gel, he thought about the pollination crisis and honeybee decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conventional gels, Miyako explains, are mainly made of water and lose their stickiness over time. But his ionic liquid gel, by contrast, is a substance with a long-lasting \"lift-and-stick-again\" adhesive quality – ideal for moving pollen from one plant to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The continued adhesiveness and non-volatility of the ionic liquid gel was exciting,\" says Miyako.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115712\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 812px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9.png\" alt=\"The insect-sized drones use horse hairs coated with ionic liquid gel to mimic the fuzzy exterior of bees and provide an electric charge to keep the grains attached.\" width=\"812\" height=\"608\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115712\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9.png 812w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9-160x120.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9-800x599.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9-768x575.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9-240x180.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9-375x281.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9-520x389.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The insect-sized drones use horse hairs coated with ionic liquid gel to mimic the fuzzy exterior of bees and provide an electric charge to keep the grains attached. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Dr. Eijiro Miyako)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The team first tested the biocompatibility and eco-friendliness of the gel against ants (which are also pollinators) and cells from mice, and found that it had no harmful effects after three days. And when a drop landed on the floor and attached to an ordinary piece of dust, he was sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miyako performed additional tests on living samples. In one experiment, he placed ants in a box of tulips. One subset of the insects had the gel applied to their backs, while the others remained untouched. Those with the sticky residue collected pollen from the flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another experiment, involving houseflies (\u003cem>Musca domestica\u003c/em>), showed that the gel had a camouflage effect, changing color with different sources of light, which could help the pollinators avoid predators. (Yep, houseflies are pollinators, too.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the live-model tests deemed a success, Miyako turned his attention to drones. He settled on a bee-sized, four-propeller drone, commercially available for around $100 each. He and his colleagues found that the gel alone was not enough to hold the pollen, so they added horse hair to mimic the fuzzy exterior of bees and provide an electric charge to keep the grains attached. Using fluorescent microscopy, the team observed pollen glowing in test tubes – offering strong proof that fertilization was successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although artificial pollination is already possible, it's a tedious, time-consuming process. When done by hand, using a brush to apply the pollen, a person can pollinate five to 10 trees a day, depending on the size of the trees. Tackling thousands of trees takes major manpower and a hefty budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if cost were no object, an army of pollinating robot bees would face myriad obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are 1 million acres of almond trees in California,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.beelab.umn.edu/meet-us/spivak-honey-bee-lab\">Marla Spivak\u003c/a>, a MacArthur Fellow and entomologist at the University of Minnesota. \"Every flower needs to be pollinated to set the nut. Two million colonies of bees are trucked in to pollinate the almonds, and each colony has between ten and twenty thousand foragers. How many robots would be needed?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes there are 20,000 species of bees in the world, each with unique flight patterns and body sizes to get into different flowers. Bumble bees, for example, are far better pollinators for tomatoes, while leafcutter bees are aces at alfalfa. The diversity of bees and flight patterns leads to more efficient and effective pollination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Spivak is skeptical about using drones for fertilization, she believes robots could be beneficial in delivering pesticides — which \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/10/18/496100190/cut-down-on-bee-killing-pesticides-easier-said-than-done\">can harm bee health\u003c/a> — in a very precise way to reduce drift and overuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miyako's current robo-bee prototype is still very much a work in progress, far from a real-world field test. For one thing, it's not autonomous. The drones must be remote-controlled, by humans, and can be difficult to maneuver. \"It was hard to control the robotic pollinators so that they would precisely hit the target sites,\" says Miyako. He's looking into incorporating artificial intelligence, GPS, and a high-resolution camera in future prototypes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.entomology.ucr.edu/faculty/McFrederick.html\">Quinn McFrederick\u003c/a>, an entomologist at the University of California, Riverside, sees some potential for eventually using drones to pollinate commercial crops, especially if programmed with artificial intelligence. But he, like many experts, says it makes much more sense to protect our natural pollinators than to develop new technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On top of more practical arguments, such as costs to smaller farms,\" he says, \"I would not like to live in a world where bees are replaced by plastic machines. Let's focus on protecting the biodiversity we still have left.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miyako acknowledges the skepticism about his project, but notes that he sees his drones not as a replacement for bees, but as a potential future ally in the face of extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Crystal Ponti is a science, technology and health reporter based in Augusta, Maine.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Honeybees are a critical part of agriculture, pollinating many of our favorite crops. But bee deaths are on the rise. In Japan, scientists are testing whether insect-sized drones can help do the job.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1488575173,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1090},"headData":{"title":"Rise Of The Robot Bees: Tiny Drones Turned Into Artificial Pollinators | KQED","description":"Honeybees are a critical part of agriculture, pollinating many of our favorite crops. But bee deaths are on the rise. In Japan, scientists are testing whether insect-sized drones can help do the job.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Rise Of The Robot Bees: Tiny Drones Turned Into Artificial Pollinators","datePublished":"2017-03-03T21:06:13.000Z","dateModified":"2017-03-03T21:06:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"115711 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=115711","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2017/03/03/rise-of-the-robot-bees-tiny-drones-turned-into-artificial-pollinators/","disqusTitle":"Rise Of The Robot Bees: Tiny Drones Turned Into Artificial Pollinators","nprByline":"Crystal Ponti, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Courtesy of Dr. Eijiro Miyako","nprStoryId":"517785082","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=517785082&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/03/03/517785082/rise-of-the-robot-bees-tiny-drones-turned-into-artificial-pollinators?ft=nprml&f=517785082","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 03 Mar 2017 08:00:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 03 Mar 2017 08:00:14 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 03 Mar 2017 08:00:14 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/115711/rise-of-the-robot-bees-tiny-drones-turned-into-artificial-pollinators","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Near Esparto, in the beautiful Capay Valley region of central California, 1,400 young almond trees flourish in a century-old orchard overlooking the hills. Since November, they've stood in perfect rows without a hint of foliage — resting, naked and dormant, for the upcoming growing season. Their branches now swell with bright pastel blooms in preparation for pollination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most almond growers, Brian Paddock, owner of \u003ca href=\"http://chorganicalmonds.com/index.html\">Capay Hills Orchard\u003c/a>, relies on bees to provide this important aspect of crop development. \"No bees, no almonds. It's that simple,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often considered pests, frightful little creatures with a nasty sting, bees play a critical role in agriculture and the pollination of countless crops. Without them, many varieties of fruits and vegetables would come to an end. It's an agricultural doomsday scenario that has Paddock worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bee deaths have been on the rise, with losses outpacing colonies' ability to regenerate. Last year, the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://beeinformed.org/2016/05/10/nations-beekeepers-lost-44-percent-of-bees-in-2015-16/\">lost 44 percent\u003c/a> of all honeybee colonies — a species essential to commercial pollination in this country. Other species of bees have neared mass extinction, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/insects/rpbb/factsheetrpbb.html\">rusty patch bumble bee\u003c/a> and seven species of \u003ca href=\"http://www.xerces.org/hawaiian-yellow-faced-bees/\">Hawaiian yellow-faced bees\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A world without bees may seem far-fetched, but experts are looking for ways to help plants survive without them. Eijiro Miyako, a researcher at Japan's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, has designed what he believes could one day be a partial solution: \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451929417300323\">an insect-sized drone capable of artificial pollination\u003c/a>. Coated with a patch of horse hair bristles and an ionic liquid gel, these pint-sized robots can collect and transfer pollen from one plant to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project stems from a serendipitous moment. Miyako had previously experimented with using the specialized gel for electrochemical applications. When the gel performed poorly, he tucked the bottles away in a drawer and forgot about them — until he moved out of his lab two years ago. As soon as he rediscovered the gel, he thought about the pollination crisis and honeybee decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conventional gels, Miyako explains, are mainly made of water and lose their stickiness over time. But his ionic liquid gel, by contrast, is a substance with a long-lasting \"lift-and-stick-again\" adhesive quality – ideal for moving pollen from one plant to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The continued adhesiveness and non-volatility of the ionic liquid gel was exciting,\" says Miyako.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_115712\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 812px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9.png\" alt=\"The insect-sized drones use horse hairs coated with ionic liquid gel to mimic the fuzzy exterior of bees and provide an electric charge to keep the grains attached.\" width=\"812\" height=\"608\" class=\"size-full wp-image-115712\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9.png 812w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9-160x120.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9-800x599.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9-768x575.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9-240x180.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9-375x281.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/03/drone2_custom-506189190b4a2b015b8b71a86bd39219e4bd11b9-520x389.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The insect-sized drones use horse hairs coated with ionic liquid gel to mimic the fuzzy exterior of bees and provide an electric charge to keep the grains attached. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Dr. Eijiro Miyako)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The team first tested the biocompatibility and eco-friendliness of the gel against ants (which are also pollinators) and cells from mice, and found that it had no harmful effects after three days. And when a drop landed on the floor and attached to an ordinary piece of dust, he was sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miyako performed additional tests on living samples. In one experiment, he placed ants in a box of tulips. One subset of the insects had the gel applied to their backs, while the others remained untouched. Those with the sticky residue collected pollen from the flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another experiment, involving houseflies (\u003cem>Musca domestica\u003c/em>), showed that the gel had a camouflage effect, changing color with different sources of light, which could help the pollinators avoid predators. (Yep, houseflies are pollinators, too.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the live-model tests deemed a success, Miyako turned his attention to drones. He settled on a bee-sized, four-propeller drone, commercially available for around $100 each. He and his colleagues found that the gel alone was not enough to hold the pollen, so they added horse hair to mimic the fuzzy exterior of bees and provide an electric charge to keep the grains attached. Using fluorescent microscopy, the team observed pollen glowing in test tubes – offering strong proof that fertilization was successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although artificial pollination is already possible, it's a tedious, time-consuming process. When done by hand, using a brush to apply the pollen, a person can pollinate five to 10 trees a day, depending on the size of the trees. Tackling thousands of trees takes major manpower and a hefty budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if cost were no object, an army of pollinating robot bees would face myriad obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are 1 million acres of almond trees in California,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.beelab.umn.edu/meet-us/spivak-honey-bee-lab\">Marla Spivak\u003c/a>, a MacArthur Fellow and entomologist at the University of Minnesota. \"Every flower needs to be pollinated to set the nut. Two million colonies of bees are trucked in to pollinate the almonds, and each colony has between ten and twenty thousand foragers. How many robots would be needed?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes there are 20,000 species of bees in the world, each with unique flight patterns and body sizes to get into different flowers. Bumble bees, for example, are far better pollinators for tomatoes, while leafcutter bees are aces at alfalfa. The diversity of bees and flight patterns leads to more efficient and effective pollination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Spivak is skeptical about using drones for fertilization, she believes robots could be beneficial in delivering pesticides — which \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/10/18/496100190/cut-down-on-bee-killing-pesticides-easier-said-than-done\">can harm bee health\u003c/a> — in a very precise way to reduce drift and overuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miyako's current robo-bee prototype is still very much a work in progress, far from a real-world field test. For one thing, it's not autonomous. The drones must be remote-controlled, by humans, and can be difficult to maneuver. \"It was hard to control the robotic pollinators so that they would precisely hit the target sites,\" says Miyako. He's looking into incorporating artificial intelligence, GPS, and a high-resolution camera in future prototypes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.entomology.ucr.edu/faculty/McFrederick.html\">Quinn McFrederick\u003c/a>, an entomologist at the University of California, Riverside, sees some potential for eventually using drones to pollinate commercial crops, especially if programmed with artificial intelligence. But he, like many experts, says it makes much more sense to protect our natural pollinators than to develop new technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On top of more practical arguments, such as costs to smaller farms,\" he says, \"I would not like to live in a world where bees are replaced by plastic machines. Let's focus on protecting the biodiversity we still have left.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miyako acknowledges the skepticism about his project, but notes that he sees his drones not as a replacement for bees, but as a potential future ally in the face of extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Crystal Ponti is a science, technology and health reporter based in Augusta, Maine.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/115711/rise-of-the-robot-bees-tiny-drones-turned-into-artificial-pollinators","authors":["byline_bayareabites_115711"],"categories":["bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_13593","bayareabites_877"],"featImg":"bayareabites_115713","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_107943":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_107943","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"107943","score":null,"sort":[1458757104000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"with-bees-in-trouble-almond-farmers-try-trees-that-dont-need-em","title":"With Bees In Trouble, Almond Farmers Try Trees That Don't Need 'Em","publishDate":1458757104,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Beekeepers flock from all over the country to California every February and March to watch billions of honeybees buzz around the state's almond trees. Eighty percent of the country's commercial bees visit the Golden State each spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I went to check out the scene at an almond orchard at the California State University, Fresno in central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Really, the key is to stay calm around bees, because if you're afraid, then your body physiologically changes and they can sense that,\" beekeeper Brian Hiatt tells me. \"They literally can smell fear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He should know: In this orchard alone, Hiatt has about 1.5 million bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/256846544\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spring is usually a really busy time for beekeepers. But this year, Hiatt says he's worried that a relatively new variety of almonds called \u003ca href=\"http://www.davewilson.com/commercial-orchards/featured-products/independence-almond\">Independence\u003c/a> could harm the longevity of his business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independence almond trees are easy to harvest, and they make tasty almonds. But what really sets them apart is the fact that they're self-fertile — meaning they technically don't need bees to pollinate their flowers because they're pollinating themselves (though some farmers say if you use just a few bees, you'll get an even bigger crop.) That's a boon for farmers, who spend lots of money hiring bees to pollinate their crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot of these old almonds that still need bees,\" Hiatt notes. But as Independence almonds become more popular, he thinks he'd lose profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107945\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e.jpg\" alt=\"Ben Barra guesses there are a couple thousand acres of the Independence almond variety in California. He says there is a growing waiting list for new sprigs of the tree.\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1199\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107945\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ben Barra guesses there are a couple thousand acres of the Independence almond variety in California. He says there is a growing waiting list for new sprigs of the tree. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Others in the industry — including Gene Brandi with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.abfnet.org/\">American Beekeeping Federation\u003c/a> — see things differently, especially since a colony collapse disorder has killed as much as 40 percent of the honeybees in the West. \"I know how difficult it has been for our industry to supply the bees that are needed,\" Brandi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And farmers like \u003ca href=\"http://pitiglianofarms.com/\">Josh Pitgliano\u003c/a> from Tulare County are loving Independence almonds. Pitgliano has several hundred acres of the self-fertile variety — he first started planting Independence trees six years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he likes that with Independence almond trees, he has to use less than half the number of bees. Whereas most farmers place two hives per acre, Pitgliano scrapes by with half a hive per acre on his orchards of Independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That translates to big savings: An average hive of bees costs around $180 to hire for the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, Independence almond trees comes with another perk — easy harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I come in here once and I harvest all the nuts, all at one time,\" Pitgliano says. In contrast, traditional almond orchards have several varieties of the tree planted in each field and are harvested multiple times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the nuts these trees make are just as good, says farmer Ben Barra. When he realized he didn't have to hire any bees at all with the Independence variety, he was hooked. (When I visited his farm, there were some wild bees buzzing around.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barra has farmed everything from sugar beets to eggplant to potatoes. He tore out his peaches and plums after he had a really bad season, losing over $100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107946\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2.jpg\" alt=\"Ben Barra farms 18 acres of Independence almonds southwest of Fresno, Calif. He says this will be his last foray into farming.\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1199\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107946\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ben Barra farms 18 acres of Independence almonds southwest of Fresno, Calif. He says this will be his last foray into farming. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So he latched onto the idea of a crop that didn't require many bees, that he'd only have to harvest once. And it seems to be working out: Barra says the Independence trees have produced more than he originally expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't believe it,\" Barra says. \"The first year we did 6,000 [pounds], and then we did 17,000 [pounds]. Last year we did 31,000 [pounds].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year he's hopes the acreage's yield is over 40,000 pounds, but he realizes he's taking a chance on new tree variety that hasn't stood the test of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I gambled with this,\" Barra says, \"this was the last shot that I was making.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C\u003cem>opyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A relatively new variety of almond trees called Independence has some beekeepers nervous. These trees are self-fertile — meaning they technically don't need bees to pollinate their flowers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1459558460,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":738},"headData":{"title":"With Bees In Trouble, Almond Farmers Try Trees That Don't Need 'Em | KQED","description":"A relatively new variety of almond trees called Independence has some beekeepers nervous. These trees are self-fertile — meaning they technically don't need bees to pollinate their flowers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"With Bees In Trouble, Almond Farmers Try Trees That Don't Need 'Em","datePublished":"2016-03-23T18:18:24.000Z","dateModified":"2016-04-02T00:54:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"107943 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=107943","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/03/23/with-bees-in-trouble-almond-farmers-try-trees-that-dont-need-em/","disqusTitle":"With Bees In Trouble, Almond Farmers Try Trees That Don't Need 'Em","nprImageCredit":"Ezra David Romero","nprByline":"Ezra David Romero, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KVPR\u003c/a> at NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Valley Public Radio","nprStoryId":"471437025","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=471437025&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/23/471437025/with-bees-in-trouble-almond-farmers-try-trees-that-dont-need-em?ft=nprml&f=471437025","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 23 Mar 2016 13:07:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 23 Mar 2016 12:42:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 23 Mar 2016 13:07:08 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/107943/with-bees-in-trouble-almond-farmers-try-trees-that-dont-need-em","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Beekeepers flock from all over the country to California every February and March to watch billions of honeybees buzz around the state's almond trees. Eighty percent of the country's commercial bees visit the Golden State each spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I went to check out the scene at an almond orchard at the California State University, Fresno in central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Really, the key is to stay calm around bees, because if you're afraid, then your body physiologically changes and they can sense that,\" beekeeper Brian Hiatt tells me. \"They literally can smell fear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He should know: In this orchard alone, Hiatt has about 1.5 million bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/256846544&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/256846544'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spring is usually a really busy time for beekeepers. But this year, Hiatt says he's worried that a relatively new variety of almonds called \u003ca href=\"http://www.davewilson.com/commercial-orchards/featured-products/independence-almond\">Independence\u003c/a> could harm the longevity of his business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independence almond trees are easy to harvest, and they make tasty almonds. But what really sets them apart is the fact that they're self-fertile — meaning they technically don't need bees to pollinate their flowers because they're pollinating themselves (though some farmers say if you use just a few bees, you'll get an even bigger crop.) That's a boon for farmers, who spend lots of money hiring bees to pollinate their crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot of these old almonds that still need bees,\" Hiatt notes. But as Independence almonds become more popular, he thinks he'd lose profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107945\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e.jpg\" alt=\"Ben Barra guesses there are a couple thousand acres of the Independence almond variety in California. He says there is a growing waiting list for new sprigs of the tree.\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1199\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107945\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-6-27c292d0e34b7f1b412b6f23d594b6c2957b917e-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ben Barra guesses there are a couple thousand acres of the Independence almond variety in California. He says there is a growing waiting list for new sprigs of the tree. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Others in the industry — including Gene Brandi with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.abfnet.org/\">American Beekeeping Federation\u003c/a> — see things differently, especially since a colony collapse disorder has killed as much as 40 percent of the honeybees in the West. \"I know how difficult it has been for our industry to supply the bees that are needed,\" Brandi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And farmers like \u003ca href=\"http://pitiglianofarms.com/\">Josh Pitgliano\u003c/a> from Tulare County are loving Independence almonds. Pitgliano has several hundred acres of the self-fertile variety — he first started planting Independence trees six years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he likes that with Independence almond trees, he has to use less than half the number of bees. Whereas most farmers place two hives per acre, Pitgliano scrapes by with half a hive per acre on his orchards of Independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That translates to big savings: An average hive of bees costs around $180 to hire for the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, Independence almond trees comes with another perk — easy harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I come in here once and I harvest all the nuts, all at one time,\" Pitgliano says. In contrast, traditional almond orchards have several varieties of the tree planted in each field and are harvested multiple times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the nuts these trees make are just as good, says farmer Ben Barra. When he realized he didn't have to hire any bees at all with the Independence variety, he was hooked. (When I visited his farm, there were some wild bees buzzing around.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barra has farmed everything from sugar beets to eggplant to potatoes. He tore out his peaches and plums after he had a really bad season, losing over $100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107946\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2.jpg\" alt=\"Ben Barra farms 18 acres of Independence almonds southwest of Fresno, Calif. He says this will be his last foray into farming.\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1199\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107946\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/03/almond-bee-3-e7b3e4ce65614d3b0ca6f5d3ce9093113c62c6e2-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ben Barra farms 18 acres of Independence almonds southwest of Fresno, Calif. He says this will be his last foray into farming. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So he latched onto the idea of a crop that didn't require many bees, that he'd only have to harvest once. And it seems to be working out: Barra says the Independence trees have produced more than he originally expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't believe it,\" Barra says. \"The first year we did 6,000 [pounds], and then we did 17,000 [pounds]. Last year we did 31,000 [pounds].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year he's hopes the acreage's yield is over 40,000 pounds, but he realizes he's taking a chance on new tree variety that hasn't stood the test of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I gambled with this,\" Barra says, \"this was the last shot that I was making.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C\u003cem>opyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/107943/with-bees-in-trouble-almond-farmers-try-trees-that-dont-need-em","authors":["byline_bayareabites_107943"],"categories":["bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_8624","bayareabites_875","bayareabites_250","bayareabites_877"],"featImg":"bayareabites_107944","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_105839":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_105839","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"105839","score":null,"sort":[1452553050000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-hardier-honeybee-that-fights-back-by-biting-back","title":"A Hardier Honeybee That Fights Back By Biting Back","publishDate":1452553050,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Keeping honeybees healthy has become a challenge for beekeepers. One main reason is a threat that has been wiping out bees since the late 1980s: the varroa mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a parasitic mite that feeds on the blood of adult bees and on the brood. It also transmits virus, and it suppresses the immune system of the bees,\" explains Penn State honeybee expert \u003ca href=\"http://ento.psu.edu/directory/mxt15\">Maryann Frazier\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's basically like having a 6-pound house cat attached to your side, sucking the life out of you. These mites wiped out colonies across the world. And treatments were, and still are, pretty limited. In fact, the way most beekeepers treat bees for mites sounds a little crazy: They actually spray bees — which are, of course, insects — with low-dose insecticides. The hope is they'll kill the mites, but not the bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But you can imagine how difficult it is to control a mite on a bee with a pesticide,\" Frazier says. Still, the strategy has worked well enough to at least give colonies a fighting chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a co-op of about 100 beekeepers stretching from Michigan to Tennessee is trying a different approach. On his farm near Slippery Rock in Western Pennsylvania, beekeeper Jeff Berta lights a smoker to check on one of his all-star queen bees. This queen, he says, could be the future of honeybees in Pennsylvania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No. 18, there,\" Berta says, pointing to a queen with a little fluorescent yellow tag on it. \"That little disc there with the '18' on it, we call those our NASCAR bees because they have numbers on them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. 18 is bit of a science experiment, funded with money from the USDA. This queen's mother is from a Vermont colony that survived disease and cold winters. And then Berta had her artificially inseminated by Purdue University scientists who were raising bees that demonstrated a unique, mite-fighting grooming behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bees will take the mite and they will bite the legs and will chew on the mite,\" Berta says. \"And if they bite a leg off of the mite, the mite will bleed to death. So the bees are actually fighting back. That's the type of genetic line we're after right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now with every egg No. 18 lays, she passes on those leg-biting behaviors — making a colony that can rid itself of mites naturally, with no help from pesticides. It's a huge breakthrough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_105841\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-400x265.jpg\" alt=\"Bucking the paradigm in the beekeeping world, beekeeper and breeder Jeff Berta doesn't use pesticides to control mites on his honeybee colonies near Slippery Rock, Pa. Instead, he breeds bees that have natural grooming behaviors that keep colonies free of mites.\" width=\"400\" height=\"265\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-105841\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-768x509.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-1440x954.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-960x636.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bucking the paradigm in the beekeeping world, beekeeper and breeder Jeff Berta doesn't use pesticides to control mites on his honeybee colonies near Slippery Rock, Pa. Instead, he breeds bees that have natural grooming behaviors that keep colonies free of mites. \u003ccite>(Lou Blouin for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the breeding project can't end there. Because Berta can't artificially inseminate every queen, any descendants of No. 18 that turn into queens themselves will most likely just fly off and mate with any old drones within a few miles. That means if Berta's beekeeping neighbors don't have strong bees, too, they can easily dilute his carefully selected lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So you can't produce a stock and say, 'Now I'm done! And that was it! Now we can sell it everywhere!' \" says Penn State bee geneticist \u003ca href=\"http://ento.psu.edu/directory/cmg25\">Christina Grozinger\u003c/a>, who works with Berta. \"You have to constantly re-select and constantly have to have people very interested in working as part of this effort.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Berta and the co-op of beekeepers happily give eggs from their best colonies to their neighbors and swap queens to try out new genetics. It's all part of shifting the paradigm from a system where beekeepers simply buy new bees every year to a lasting neighborhood of bees that can slowly create real survivors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There really isn't any bee that laid the golden egg,\" Berta says. \"Genetics with honeybees is more like a river, and the river is always changing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lou Blouin is a reporter for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.alleghenyfront.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Allegheny Front\u003c/a>,\u003cem> a public radio program based in Pittsburgh that covers the environment.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The parasitic varroa mite has been wiping out honeybee colonies globally since the late '80s. Now scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to selectively breed bees with a unique, mite-fighting trait.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1452554148,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":688},"headData":{"title":"A Hardier Honeybee That Fights Back By Biting Back | KQED","description":"The parasitic varroa mite has been wiping out honeybee colonies globally since the late '80s. Now scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to selectively breed bees with a unique, mite-fighting trait.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Hardier Honeybee That Fights Back By Biting Back","datePublished":"2016-01-11T22:57:30.000Z","dateModified":"2016-01-11T23:15:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"105839 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=105839","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/01/11/a-hardier-honeybee-that-fights-back-by-biting-back/","disqusTitle":"A Hardier Honeybee That Fights Back By Biting Back","source":"Sustainability, Environment, Climate Change","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/sustainability/","nprByline":"Lou Blouin, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/wendy-goodfriend/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Lou Blouin for NPR","nprStoryId":"462391470","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=462391470&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/11/462391470/a-hardier-honeybee-that-fights-back-by-biting-back?ft=nprml&f=462391470","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 11 Jan 2016 16:20:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 11 Jan 2016 13:39:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 11 Jan 2016 16:19:59 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/105839/a-hardier-honeybee-that-fights-back-by-biting-back","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Keeping honeybees healthy has become a challenge for beekeepers. One main reason is a threat that has been wiping out bees since the late 1980s: the varroa mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a parasitic mite that feeds on the blood of adult bees and on the brood. It also transmits virus, and it suppresses the immune system of the bees,\" explains Penn State honeybee expert \u003ca href=\"http://ento.psu.edu/directory/mxt15\">Maryann Frazier\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's basically like having a 6-pound house cat attached to your side, sucking the life out of you. These mites wiped out colonies across the world. And treatments were, and still are, pretty limited. In fact, the way most beekeepers treat bees for mites sounds a little crazy: They actually spray bees — which are, of course, insects — with low-dose insecticides. The hope is they'll kill the mites, but not the bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But you can imagine how difficult it is to control a mite on a bee with a pesticide,\" Frazier says. Still, the strategy has worked well enough to at least give colonies a fighting chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a co-op of about 100 beekeepers stretching from Michigan to Tennessee is trying a different approach. On his farm near Slippery Rock in Western Pennsylvania, beekeeper Jeff Berta lights a smoker to check on one of his all-star queen bees. This queen, he says, could be the future of honeybees in Pennsylvania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No. 18, there,\" Berta says, pointing to a queen with a little fluorescent yellow tag on it. \"That little disc there with the '18' on it, we call those our NASCAR bees because they have numbers on them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. 18 is bit of a science experiment, funded with money from the USDA. This queen's mother is from a Vermont colony that survived disease and cold winters. And then Berta had her artificially inseminated by Purdue University scientists who were raising bees that demonstrated a unique, mite-fighting grooming behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bees will take the mite and they will bite the legs and will chew on the mite,\" Berta says. \"And if they bite a leg off of the mite, the mite will bleed to death. So the bees are actually fighting back. That's the type of genetic line we're after right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now with every egg No. 18 lays, she passes on those leg-biting behaviors — making a colony that can rid itself of mites naturally, with no help from pesticides. It's a huge breakthrough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_105841\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-400x265.jpg\" alt=\"Bucking the paradigm in the beekeeping world, beekeeper and breeder Jeff Berta doesn't use pesticides to control mites on his honeybee colonies near Slippery Rock, Pa. Instead, he breeds bees that have natural grooming behaviors that keep colonies free of mites.\" width=\"400\" height=\"265\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-105841\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-768x509.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-1440x954.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/enl-cc8817f43d2553e653f77ebf04b3e39e68332625-960x636.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bucking the paradigm in the beekeeping world, beekeeper and breeder Jeff Berta doesn't use pesticides to control mites on his honeybee colonies near Slippery Rock, Pa. Instead, he breeds bees that have natural grooming behaviors that keep colonies free of mites. \u003ccite>(Lou Blouin for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the breeding project can't end there. Because Berta can't artificially inseminate every queen, any descendants of No. 18 that turn into queens themselves will most likely just fly off and mate with any old drones within a few miles. That means if Berta's beekeeping neighbors don't have strong bees, too, they can easily dilute his carefully selected lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So you can't produce a stock and say, 'Now I'm done! And that was it! Now we can sell it everywhere!' \" says Penn State bee geneticist \u003ca href=\"http://ento.psu.edu/directory/cmg25\">Christina Grozinger\u003c/a>, who works with Berta. \"You have to constantly re-select and constantly have to have people very interested in working as part of this effort.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Berta and the co-op of beekeepers happily give eggs from their best colonies to their neighbors and swap queens to try out new genetics. It's all part of shifting the paradigm from a system where beekeepers simply buy new bees every year to a lasting neighborhood of bees that can slowly create real survivors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There really isn't any bee that laid the golden egg,\" Berta says. \"Genetics with honeybees is more like a river, and the river is always changing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lou Blouin is a reporter for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.alleghenyfront.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Allegheny Front\u003c/a>,\u003cem> a public radio program based in Pittsburgh that covers the environment.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/105839/a-hardier-honeybee-that-fights-back-by-biting-back","authors":["byline_bayareabites_105839"],"categories":["bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_875","bayareabites_877","bayareabites_15202"],"featImg":"bayareabites_105840","label":"source_bayareabites_105839"},"bayareabites_101993":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_101993","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"101993","score":null,"sort":[1444429008000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"could-a-mushroom-save-the-honeybee","title":"Could A Mushroom Save The Honeybee?","publishDate":1444429008,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_101995\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1438px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/honeybee-1-ada8df793816e8a4612a4b62e7cc2c693422ceb0.jpg\" alt=\"A honeybee is seen on the countertop of entomologist Steve Sheppard's lab at Washington State University. Sheppard is studying whether he can boost honeybees' immunity using liquid extracted from wood-rotting mushrooms.\" width=\"1438\" height=\"1078\" class=\"size-full wp-image-101995\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/honeybee-1-ada8df793816e8a4612a4b62e7cc2c693422ceb0.jpg 1438w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/honeybee-1-ada8df793816e8a4612a4b62e7cc2c693422ceb0-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/honeybee-1-ada8df793816e8a4612a4b62e7cc2c693422ceb0-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/honeybee-1-ada8df793816e8a4612a4b62e7cc2c693422ceb0-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/honeybee-1-ada8df793816e8a4612a4b62e7cc2c693422ceb0-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1438px) 100vw, 1438px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A honeybee is seen on the countertop of entomologist Steve Sheppard's lab at Washington State University. Sheppard is studying whether he can boost honeybees' immunity using liquid extracted from wood-rotting mushrooms. \u003ccite>(Ken Christensen/Courtesy of EarthFix/KCTS 9 )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Honeybees need a healthy diet of pollen, nectar and water. But at a bee laboratory in eastern Washington state, \u003ca href=\"http://entomology.wsu.edu/blog/faculty/pullman/sheppard/\">Steve Sheppard\u003c/a> fills their feeding tubes with murky brown liquid from the forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His bees are getting a healthy dose of mushroom juice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If this does what we hope, it will be truly revolutionary,\" says Sheppard, who heads the Department of Entomology at Washington State University. \"Beekeepers are running out of options.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commercial honeybees, which pollinate $15 billion worth of crops in the United States annually, have teetered on the brink of collapse for nearly a decade. A third of all bee colonies have died each year since 2006, on average, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the mysterious phenomenon, known as colony collapse disorder, may be the result of at least \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0006481\" target=\"_blank\">60 environmental factors\u003c/a> that combine to cripple honeybees — including pesticides, disease, malnutrition, loss of habitat and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beekeepers, however, say the honeybee's single greatest threat is a virus-carrying parasite called the varroa mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheppard has spent decades breeding western honeybees to better tolerate the mite and its viruses. But he hasn't had much success, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Varroa mites have devastated U.S. beehives since the late 1980s, when they arrived here from Asia. In 1996, half of the colonies east of the Mississippi River died due to mite infestations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Y_lqIUlON1s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reddish-brown pests, which are no bigger than the head of a pin, invade colonies and multiply rapidly. They \u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/Research/docs.htm?docid=2744&page=14\" target=\"_blank\">hide among bee larvae\u003c/a> developing in the honeycomb, feed on infant bee blood and lay several eggs each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would be like having something the size of a pancake feeding on you,\" Sheppard says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honeybees that emerge from the infected hives typically carry illnesses, like a virus that results in deformed wings that prevent bees from flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If beekeepers don't intervene, the varroa mite can destroy a colony in less than two years. Meanwhile, the pest reproduces so rapidly, it builds resistance to chemical pesticides more quickly than solutions can be invented, Sheppard says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why he decided to try an unconventional approach last year, after local mushroom expert \u003ca href=\"http://www.fungi.com/about-paul-stamets.html\">Paul Stamets\u003c/a> called him with an idea to help arm the honeybee in its fight against the mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've gone to the moon, we've gone to Mars, but we don't know the way of the bee?\" says Stamets, who owns the medicinal mushroom company Fungi Perfecti near Olympia, Wash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The self-taught mycologist says he noticed a relationship between honeybees and mushrooms when he observed bees sipping on sugar-rich fungal roots growing in his backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I looked down, and they were sucking on my mycelium,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he thinks he knows why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, his research has shown that rare fungi found in the old-growth forests of western Washington can help fight other viruses and diseases, including tuberculosis, smallpox and bird flu. He wondered if the honeybee would see similar health benefits from wood-rotting mushrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Bees have immune systems, just like we do,\" he says. \"These mushrooms are like miniature pharmaceutical factories.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stamets and Sheppard are feeding liquid extracts of those forest mushrooms to mite-infected honeybees. Initial findings suggest that five species of the wood-rotting fungi can reduce the honeybees' viruses and increase their lifespans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the scientists are trying to fight honeybee viruses by taking aim at the varroa mite itself. Insect-killing fungi have been used as an alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides for years, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20512613\" target=\"_blank\">previous studies\u003c/a> show that one type of entomopathogenic fungus can weaken varroa mites in beehives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_101996\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1891px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Stamets cultures mycelium at his laboratory near Olympia, Wash.\" width=\"1891\" height=\"1063\" class=\"size-full wp-image-101996\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871.jpg 1891w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871-1440x809.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1891px) 100vw, 1891px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Stamets cultures mycelium at his laboratory near Olympia, Wash. \u003ccite>( Ken Christensen/Courtesy of EarthFix/KCTS 9 )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Paul Stamets thinks \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/patents/US7122176\" target=\"_blank\">his version of the fungus\u003c/a> will be more effective. So far, the results of the experiments in Sheppard's lab look promising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The product seems to be killing mites without harming bees,\" Sheppard says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, the scientists plan to expand both experiments by partnering with commercial beekeepers like Eric Olson, who runs the largest commercial beekeeping operation in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson says two-thirds of his beehives died five years ago because of a varroa mite infestation. After several years successfully controlling the pest, he arrived this year in California for almond pollination season and nearly half of his bees had died during the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spent $770,000 to buy replacement hives, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was lucky that I had the cash and the connections to recover from that,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson recently donated about $50,000 to Sheppard's department to help find a solution to the mite. Looking at the bees in one of his hives, he says, \"I'm really concerned about whether these little girls will survive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/contributor/ken-christensen/\">Ken Christensen\u003c/a> is an associate video producer at KCTS9 in Seattle, Wash., as part of \u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.info/\">EarthFix,\u003c/a> a public media collaboration reporting on the environment. This \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/could-a-mushroom-save-the-honeybee/\">story\u003c/a> first appeared on the EarthFix site.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.info/\">ERTHFX\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The bees that pollinate crops are on the brink of collapse. One big reason why: a virus-carrying mite. Now, researchers think a rare fungi could boost bees' immune system and attack the mite itself.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1444429008,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":877},"headData":{"title":"Could A Mushroom Save The Honeybee? | KQED","description":"The bees that pollinate crops are on the brink of collapse. One big reason why: a virus-carrying mite. Now, researchers think a rare fungi could boost bees' immune system and attack the mite itself.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Could A Mushroom Save The Honeybee?","datePublished":"2015-10-09T22:16:48.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-09T22:16:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"101993 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=101993","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/10/09/could-a-mushroom-save-the-honeybee/","disqusTitle":"Could A Mushroom Save The Honeybee?","nprByline":"Ken Christensen, \u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.info/\">EarthFix\u003c/a> at NPR Food","nprStoryId":"446928755","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=446928755&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/09/446928755/could-a-mushroom-save-the-honeybee?ft=nprml&f=446928755","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 09 Oct 2015 10:46:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 09 Oct 2015 10:46:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 09 Oct 2015 10:46:19 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/101993/could-a-mushroom-save-the-honeybee","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_101995\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1438px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/honeybee-1-ada8df793816e8a4612a4b62e7cc2c693422ceb0.jpg\" alt=\"A honeybee is seen on the countertop of entomologist Steve Sheppard's lab at Washington State University. Sheppard is studying whether he can boost honeybees' immunity using liquid extracted from wood-rotting mushrooms.\" width=\"1438\" height=\"1078\" class=\"size-full wp-image-101995\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/honeybee-1-ada8df793816e8a4612a4b62e7cc2c693422ceb0.jpg 1438w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/honeybee-1-ada8df793816e8a4612a4b62e7cc2c693422ceb0-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/honeybee-1-ada8df793816e8a4612a4b62e7cc2c693422ceb0-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/honeybee-1-ada8df793816e8a4612a4b62e7cc2c693422ceb0-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/honeybee-1-ada8df793816e8a4612a4b62e7cc2c693422ceb0-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1438px) 100vw, 1438px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A honeybee is seen on the countertop of entomologist Steve Sheppard's lab at Washington State University. Sheppard is studying whether he can boost honeybees' immunity using liquid extracted from wood-rotting mushrooms. \u003ccite>(Ken Christensen/Courtesy of EarthFix/KCTS 9 )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Honeybees need a healthy diet of pollen, nectar and water. But at a bee laboratory in eastern Washington state, \u003ca href=\"http://entomology.wsu.edu/blog/faculty/pullman/sheppard/\">Steve Sheppard\u003c/a> fills their feeding tubes with murky brown liquid from the forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His bees are getting a healthy dose of mushroom juice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If this does what we hope, it will be truly revolutionary,\" says Sheppard, who heads the Department of Entomology at Washington State University. \"Beekeepers are running out of options.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commercial honeybees, which pollinate $15 billion worth of crops in the United States annually, have teetered on the brink of collapse for nearly a decade. A third of all bee colonies have died each year since 2006, on average, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the mysterious phenomenon, known as colony collapse disorder, may be the result of at least \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0006481\" target=\"_blank\">60 environmental factors\u003c/a> that combine to cripple honeybees — including pesticides, disease, malnutrition, loss of habitat and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beekeepers, however, say the honeybee's single greatest threat is a virus-carrying parasite called the varroa mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheppard has spent decades breeding western honeybees to better tolerate the mite and its viruses. But he hasn't had much success, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Varroa mites have devastated U.S. beehives since the late 1980s, when they arrived here from Asia. In 1996, half of the colonies east of the Mississippi River died due to mite infestations.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Y_lqIUlON1s'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Y_lqIUlON1s'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The reddish-brown pests, which are no bigger than the head of a pin, invade colonies and multiply rapidly. They \u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/Research/docs.htm?docid=2744&page=14\" target=\"_blank\">hide among bee larvae\u003c/a> developing in the honeycomb, feed on infant bee blood and lay several eggs each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would be like having something the size of a pancake feeding on you,\" Sheppard says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honeybees that emerge from the infected hives typically carry illnesses, like a virus that results in deformed wings that prevent bees from flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If beekeepers don't intervene, the varroa mite can destroy a colony in less than two years. Meanwhile, the pest reproduces so rapidly, it builds resistance to chemical pesticides more quickly than solutions can be invented, Sheppard says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why he decided to try an unconventional approach last year, after local mushroom expert \u003ca href=\"http://www.fungi.com/about-paul-stamets.html\">Paul Stamets\u003c/a> called him with an idea to help arm the honeybee in its fight against the mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've gone to the moon, we've gone to Mars, but we don't know the way of the bee?\" says Stamets, who owns the medicinal mushroom company Fungi Perfecti near Olympia, Wash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The self-taught mycologist says he noticed a relationship between honeybees and mushrooms when he observed bees sipping on sugar-rich fungal roots growing in his backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I looked down, and they were sucking on my mycelium,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he thinks he knows why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, his research has shown that rare fungi found in the old-growth forests of western Washington can help fight other viruses and diseases, including tuberculosis, smallpox and bird flu. He wondered if the honeybee would see similar health benefits from wood-rotting mushrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Bees have immune systems, just like we do,\" he says. \"These mushrooms are like miniature pharmaceutical factories.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stamets and Sheppard are feeding liquid extracts of those forest mushrooms to mite-infected honeybees. Initial findings suggest that five species of the wood-rotting fungi can reduce the honeybees' viruses and increase their lifespans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the scientists are trying to fight honeybee viruses by taking aim at the varroa mite itself. Insect-killing fungi have been used as an alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides for years, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20512613\" target=\"_blank\">previous studies\u003c/a> show that one type of entomopathogenic fungus can weaken varroa mites in beehives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_101996\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1891px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Stamets cultures mycelium at his laboratory near Olympia, Wash.\" width=\"1891\" height=\"1063\" class=\"size-full wp-image-101996\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871.jpg 1891w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871-1440x809.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/10/stamets-culture-edit-1_wide-c96e7dd548e868ed1ccf36d9b2e1cc4b6154d871-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1891px) 100vw, 1891px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Stamets cultures mycelium at his laboratory near Olympia, Wash. \u003ccite>( Ken Christensen/Courtesy of EarthFix/KCTS 9 )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Paul Stamets thinks \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/patents/US7122176\" target=\"_blank\">his version of the fungus\u003c/a> will be more effective. So far, the results of the experiments in Sheppard's lab look promising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The product seems to be killing mites without harming bees,\" Sheppard says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, the scientists plan to expand both experiments by partnering with commercial beekeepers like Eric Olson, who runs the largest commercial beekeeping operation in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson says two-thirds of his beehives died five years ago because of a varroa mite infestation. After several years successfully controlling the pest, he arrived this year in California for almond pollination season and nearly half of his bees had died during the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spent $770,000 to buy replacement hives, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was lucky that I had the cash and the connections to recover from that,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson recently donated about $50,000 to Sheppard's department to help find a solution to the mite. Looking at the bees in one of his hives, he says, \"I'm really concerned about whether these little girls will survive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/contributor/ken-christensen/\">Ken Christensen\u003c/a> is an associate video producer at KCTS9 in Seattle, Wash., as part of \u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.info/\">EarthFix,\u003c/a> a public media collaboration reporting on the environment. This \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/could-a-mushroom-save-the-honeybee/\">story\u003c/a> first appeared on the EarthFix site.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.info/\">ERTHFX\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/101993/could-a-mushroom-save-the-honeybee","authors":["byline_bayareabites_101993"],"categories":["bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_358","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_875","bayareabites_11677","bayareabites_14949","bayareabites_877","bayareabites_11695","bayareabites_538","bayareabites_14948"],"featImg":"bayareabites_101994","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_61487":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_61487","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"61487","score":null,"sort":[1367972599000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bee-deaths-may-have-reached-a-crisis-point-for-crops","title":"Bee Deaths May Have Reached A Crisis Point For Crops","publishDate":1367972599,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61497\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/05/bees-inspector.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/05/bees-inspector-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"A bee inspector checks on a frame of bees to assess the colony strength near Turlock, Calif., in February. More than 30 percent of America's bee colonies died off over the winter. Photo: Gosia Wozniacka/AP\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" class=\"size-large wp-image-61497\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bee inspector checks on a frame of bees to assess the colony strength near Turlock, Calif., in February. More than 30 percent of America's bee colonies died off over the winter. Photo: Gosia Wozniacka/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/07/181990532/bee-deaths-may-have-reached-a-crisis-point-for-crops\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/05/20130507_atc_03.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/07/181990532/bee-deaths-may-have-reached-a-crisis-point-for-crops\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (5/7/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://beeinformed.org/2013/05/winter-loss-survey-2012-2013/\">new survey\u003c/a> of America's beekeepers, almost a third of the country's honeybee colonies did not make it through the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's been the case, in fact, almost every year since the U.S. Department of Agriculture began this annual survey, six years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past six years, on average, 30 percent of all the honeybee colonies in the U.S. died off over the winter. The worst year was five years ago. Last year was the best: Just 22 percent of the colonies died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Last year gave us some hope,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/pandp/people/people.htm?personid=10138\">Jeffrey Pettis\u003c/a>, research leader of the Agriculture Department's Bee Research Laboratory in Beltsville, Md.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, the death rate was up again: 31 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years ago, beekeepers were talking a lot about \"colony collapse disorder\" — colonies that seemed pretty healthy, but suddenly collapsed. The bees appeared to have flown away, abandoning their hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beekeepers aren't seeing that so much anymore, Pettis says. They're mostly seeing colonies that just dwindle. As the crowd of bees gets smaller, it gets weaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They can't generate heat very well in the spring to rear brood. They can't generate heat to fly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers who grow crops like almonds, blueberries and apples rely on commercial beekeepers to make sure their crops get pollinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the number of honeybees has now dwindled to the point where there may not be enough to pollinate those crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pettis says that this year, farmers came closer than ever to a true pollination crisis. The only thing that saved part of the almond crop in California was some lovely weather at pollination time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We got incredibly good flight weather,\" Pettis says. \"So even those small colonies that can't fly very well in cool weather, they were able to fly because of good weather.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61496\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/05/bees-collect.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/05/bees-collect-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"A bee collects nectar from a fruit tree in West Bath, Maine. The number of honeybees has now dwindled to the point where there may not be enough to pollinate some major U.S. crops. Photo: Pat Wellenbach/AP\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61496\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bee collects nectar from a fruit tree in West Bath, Maine. The number of honeybees has now dwindled to the point where there may not be enough to pollinate some major U.S. crops. Photo: Pat Wellenbach/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pettis says beekeepers can afford to lose only about 15 percent of their colonies each year. More than that, and the business won't be viable for long. Some commercial beekeepers are still in business, he says, just because they love it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just something that gets in your blood, so you don't want to give up. [You say,] 'OK, it's 30 percent this year; I'll do better next year.' We're very much optimists,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beekeepers have a \u003ca href=\"http://gallery.mailchimp.com/5fd2b1aa990e63193af2a573d/files/What_Happened_to_the_Bees_This_Spring2013_opt.pdf\">whole list\u003c/a> of reasons for why so many colonies are dying. There's a nasty parasite called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/ef608.asp\">Varroa Mite\u003c/a>, which they can't get rid of. There are also bee-killing pesticides. And there are just fewer places in the country where a bee can find plenty of flowering plants that provide nectar and pollen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was especially true this past year. The same drought that left Midwestern corn fields parched and wilting also dried up wildflowers and starved the bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a natural disaster. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.life.illinois.edu/entomology/faculty/berenbaum.html\">May Berenbaum\u003c/a>, who chairs the Department of Entomology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, says that most of the changes in the landscape are the result of people's decisions about what to do with their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just wish there were more incentives for people — not just farmers — to plant a more diversified landscape that provides nutritional resources for all kinds of pollinators,\" she says. \"Plant more flowers! And be a little more tolerant of the weeds in the garden.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More controversial is the role of pesticides. Some beekeepers and environmentalists are calling for tighter restrictions on the use of one particular class of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/03/25/are-agricultures-most-popular-insecticides-killing-our-bees/\">pesticides called neonicotinoids\u003c/a>. Europe is about to ban some uses of these pesticides. But U.S. farmers and pesticide companies are opposed to any such move here, and the Environmental Protection Agency says it's not yet convinced that this would help bees very much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The number of honeybees has now dwindled to the point where there may not be enough to pollinate some major U.S. crops, including almonds, blueberries and apples. And this year brought farmers closer than ever to a true pollination crisis.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367972599,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":753},"headData":{"title":"Bee Deaths May Have Reached A Crisis Point For Crops | KQED","description":"The number of honeybees has now dwindled to the point where there may not be enough to pollinate some major U.S. crops, including almonds, blueberries and apples. And this year brought farmers closer than ever to a true pollination crisis.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Bee Deaths May Have Reached A Crisis Point For Crops","datePublished":"2013-05-08T00:23:19.000Z","dateModified":"2013-05-08T00:23:19.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"61487 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=61487","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/05/07/bee-deaths-may-have-reached-a-crisis-point-for-crops/","disqusTitle":"Bee Deaths May Have Reached A Crisis Point For Crops","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"181990532","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=181990532&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/07/181990532/bee-deaths-may-have-reached-a-crisis-point-for-crops?ft=3&f=181990532","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 07 May 2013 18:54:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 07 May 2013 15:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 07 May 2013 18:54:14 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/05/20130507_atc_03.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&ft=3&f=181990532","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1182000607-6b242f.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1025&ft=3&f=181990532","path":"/bayareabites/61487/bee-deaths-may-have-reached-a-crisis-point-for-crops","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/05/20130507_atc_03.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&ft=3&f=181990532","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61497\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/05/bees-inspector.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/05/bees-inspector-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"A bee inspector checks on a frame of bees to assess the colony strength near Turlock, Calif., in February. More than 30 percent of America's bee colonies died off over the winter. Photo: Gosia Wozniacka/AP\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" class=\"size-large wp-image-61497\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bee inspector checks on a frame of bees to assess the colony strength near Turlock, Calif., in February. More than 30 percent of America's bee colonies died off over the winter. Photo: Gosia Wozniacka/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/07/181990532/bee-deaths-may-have-reached-a-crisis-point-for-crops\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/05/20130507_atc_03.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/07/181990532/bee-deaths-may-have-reached-a-crisis-point-for-crops\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (5/7/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://beeinformed.org/2013/05/winter-loss-survey-2012-2013/\">new survey\u003c/a> of America's beekeepers, almost a third of the country's honeybee colonies did not make it through the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's been the case, in fact, almost every year since the U.S. Department of Agriculture began this annual survey, six years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past six years, on average, 30 percent of all the honeybee colonies in the U.S. died off over the winter. The worst year was five years ago. Last year was the best: Just 22 percent of the colonies died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Last year gave us some hope,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/pandp/people/people.htm?personid=10138\">Jeffrey Pettis\u003c/a>, research leader of the Agriculture Department's Bee Research Laboratory in Beltsville, Md.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, the death rate was up again: 31 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years ago, beekeepers were talking a lot about \"colony collapse disorder\" — colonies that seemed pretty healthy, but suddenly collapsed. The bees appeared to have flown away, abandoning their hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beekeepers aren't seeing that so much anymore, Pettis says. They're mostly seeing colonies that just dwindle. As the crowd of bees gets smaller, it gets weaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They can't generate heat very well in the spring to rear brood. They can't generate heat to fly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers who grow crops like almonds, blueberries and apples rely on commercial beekeepers to make sure their crops get pollinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the number of honeybees has now dwindled to the point where there may not be enough to pollinate those crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pettis says that this year, farmers came closer than ever to a true pollination crisis. The only thing that saved part of the almond crop in California was some lovely weather at pollination time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We got incredibly good flight weather,\" Pettis says. \"So even those small colonies that can't fly very well in cool weather, they were able to fly because of good weather.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61496\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/05/bees-collect.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/05/bees-collect-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"A bee collects nectar from a fruit tree in West Bath, Maine. The number of honeybees has now dwindled to the point where there may not be enough to pollinate some major U.S. crops. Photo: Pat Wellenbach/AP\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61496\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bee collects nectar from a fruit tree in West Bath, Maine. The number of honeybees has now dwindled to the point where there may not be enough to pollinate some major U.S. crops. Photo: Pat Wellenbach/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pettis says beekeepers can afford to lose only about 15 percent of their colonies each year. More than that, and the business won't be viable for long. Some commercial beekeepers are still in business, he says, just because they love it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just something that gets in your blood, so you don't want to give up. [You say,] 'OK, it's 30 percent this year; I'll do better next year.' We're very much optimists,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beekeepers have a \u003ca href=\"http://gallery.mailchimp.com/5fd2b1aa990e63193af2a573d/files/What_Happened_to_the_Bees_This_Spring2013_opt.pdf\">whole list\u003c/a> of reasons for why so many colonies are dying. There's a nasty parasite called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/ef608.asp\">Varroa Mite\u003c/a>, which they can't get rid of. There are also bee-killing pesticides. And there are just fewer places in the country where a bee can find plenty of flowering plants that provide nectar and pollen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was especially true this past year. The same drought that left Midwestern corn fields parched and wilting also dried up wildflowers and starved the bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a natural disaster. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.life.illinois.edu/entomology/faculty/berenbaum.html\">May Berenbaum\u003c/a>, who chairs the Department of Entomology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, says that most of the changes in the landscape are the result of people's decisions about what to do with their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just wish there were more incentives for people — not just farmers — to plant a more diversified landscape that provides nutritional resources for all kinds of pollinators,\" she says. \"Plant more flowers! And be a little more tolerant of the weeds in the garden.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More controversial is the role of pesticides. Some beekeepers and environmentalists are calling for tighter restrictions on the use of one particular class of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/03/25/are-agricultures-most-popular-insecticides-killing-our-bees/\">pesticides called neonicotinoids\u003c/a>. Europe is about to ban some uses of these pesticides. But U.S. farmers and pesticide companies are opposed to any such move here, and the Environmental Protection Agency says it's not yet convinced that this would help bees very much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/61487/bee-deaths-may-have-reached-a-crisis-point-for-crops","authors":["byline_bayareabites_61487"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_34","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_875","bayareabites_11677","bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_877","bayareabites_11446","bayareabites_11445","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_61488","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_60015":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_60015","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"60015","score":null,"sort":[1366236152000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"heard-the-buzz-on-backyard-beekeeping","title":"Heard the Buzz on Backyard Beekeeping? ","publishDate":1366236152,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/bee-flower-feast.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/bee-flower-feast.jpg\" alt=\"honey bee\" width=\"1000\" height=\"972\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60030\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">honey bee\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Do you dream of harvesting your own super-local honey to drizzle on your breakfast bread? Wonder how hard it is to keep bees and how to start? \u003cstrong>Bay Area Bites\u003c/strong> interviewed some East Bay beekeepers and collected a swarm of resources listed at the end of this post. Considering the seasonal cycle of bees, spring is the perfect time to take off on this new adventure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Nina-Mark-and-hive.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Nina-Mark-and-hive.jpg\" alt=\"Nina, Mark and Langstroth hive\" width=\"1000\" height=\"762\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60020\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nina, Mark and Langstroth hive\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before they got their bees, Nina Carter’s and Mark Hogenson’s apple tree produced a measly five apples, the next year, after they set up a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langstroth_hive\">Langstroth hive\u003c/a> in their Oakland garden, their tree showered them with hundreds of apples. (And their neighbor’s plum tree had so many plums they had to help her pick them and make jam).\u003cbr>\n(This brings up a good point in beekeeping etiquette: ask--or at least alert--your neighbors about the new brood that will be moving in.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BAB: Did you have a learning curve?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nina:\u003c/strong> Actually, our first hive failed because we weren’t controlling for Varroa mites. We were following a holistic approach and thought the bees would adapt. They were thriving for six months and then became sickly and after two weeks just disappeared. Bees have this altruistic behavior, when they get infected they fly away to protect the hive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark:\u003c/strong> It was disappointing, but we got advice from experienced beekeepers on several options to deal with mites. One way is to cover the bees with powdered sugar. Since they are very hygienic, that makes them completely clean themselves and they get rid of the tiny mites they might not have realized were eating a hole in their sides. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a saying in the bee community,” Mark adds with a rueful smile, “If you want to know anything about beekeeping, ask a second year beekeeper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So where did you get your next round of bees?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark:\u003c/strong> We got one swarm and one “cut–out,” which means that the bees had invaded an interior wall belonging to--we were told--\u003ca href=\"http://www.spiritrock.org/\">Spirit Rock Meditation Center\u003c/a>. Actually, those bees weren’t too productive, perhaps due to the change in the environment between Marin and Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is it like to keep bees?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nina:\u003c/strong> Fascinating and therapeutic. We’re in love with them. It’s kind of like having a new baby. We work at home as computer consultants and can just watch the bees and appreciate the scents of honey and beeswax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Langstroth-frame1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Langstroth-frame1.jpg\" alt=\"Langstroth frame\" width=\"1000\" height=\"858\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60028\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Langstroth frame\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How much honey do you get?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark:\u003c/strong> Last year, we got 150 pounds of honey from one hive and now we’re thinking about selling some. (We’re talking with local storeowners about carrying this super local product. We call it \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/RockridgeHoney?fref=ts\">Rockridge Honey\u003c/a>. We also make a salve and lip balm from the beeswax.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Any advice for beginning beekeepers?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nina:\u003c/strong> When you’re just starting, you hear a lot of rumors and contradictory stories about what you should do and it’s hard to know who to believe. We did research for a year before we got our hives and read a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark:\u003c/strong> I would start with two hives so if any problems arise, you can compare them. \u003ca href=\"http://alamedabees.org/\">The Alameda County Beekeepers Association\u003c/a> has a lot of resources and taking a hands-on class helped; in it we also learned about the lifecycle and timing of beehive management. Every few weeks, you have to check and see if the bees have enough room, if not you need to get more boxes (called supers). You use a smoker so you can calm the bees before you approach. You want to get them out of the way before you lift a frame so that you don’t crush any of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nina:\u003c/strong> If we can, we are always going to have hives. They help us to be more in harmony with the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60021\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Ruby-Blumes-stairs.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Ruby-Blumes-stairs.jpg\" alt=\"Ruby Blume designed and made these stairs \" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60021\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruby Blume designed and made these stairs\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ruby Blume has kept bees since 1997. It wasn’t a conscious decision on her part; someone dropped off a Top Bar style beehive in her garden, showed her how to manage it and then just disappeared. Now Blume, whose license plate reads BEE GRRL, teaches beginning and advanced beekeeping classes at \u003ca href=\"http://www.iuhoakland.com/\">The Institute of Urban Homesteading\u003c/a>. The classes focus on “how to keep bees naturally” without the use of chemicals or sugar-water and promote \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-bar_hive\">the Top Bar system\u003c/a> (an alternative to the Langstroth hive) for the small-scale backyard beekeeper. Even Blume’s allergy to bee stings has not prevented her from keeping bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60022\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Ruby-Blume.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Ruby-Blume.jpg\" alt=\"Ruby Blume and Top bar hive\" width=\"1000\" height=\"794\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60022\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruby Blume and Top bar hive\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you raise bees?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I love bees. I get an incredible sense of joy hanging out with them and feeling their exuberant energy. It’s a privilege to learn from them and through them I am more connected to nature’s cycles and seasons. Bees have such an elegant way of working together and being in concert with nature. They are amazing, highly evolved and, next to humans, the most studied species on earth. It’s easy to get started in beekeeping, yet after 16 years I am still learning!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did you decide to use the Top Bar system?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partly because it is what I learned on and what I am comfortable with. But also because it allows the bees to build their comb naturally, instead of on pre-imprinted frames, which manipulates the way they build. I trust that bees know what they are doing—after all they have been doing it for millions of years perfectly well without us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some advantages of the Top Bar System?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you let bees build natural combs, with smaller cells, it inhibits mites and then there is no need to treat them with pharmaceuticals. I also find the system to be much easier on my body as a beekeeper [full Langstroth boxes often weigh 50 pounds] and to require much less maintenance. Plus you can build a top bar hive yourself at a fraction of the cost of pre-fabricated boxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60025\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/top-bar-comb.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/top-bar-comb.jpg\" alt=\"top bar comb\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60025\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">top bar comb\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What else do you do to keep bees naturally?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t feed my bees sugar water in the winter. Instead I leave them enough of their own honey to survive. Honey is a much healthier food for the bees. It takes one bee her whole life to make 1/12 of a teaspoon of honey. Bees need one pound a day of honey to maintain themselves in the summer, plus in the Bay Area they need to put away about 30 pounds to last them through the winter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bee colony basically acts as a single organism. The inside of the hive is like a womb with its own flora and fauna—sugar, and chemical treatments like antibiotics upset this harmony. I know this might not be a popular perspective, but I believe that animals need to die off sometimes in order to build resistance in the entire colony. So if you treat for mites with pharmaceuticals, then the mites will become more resistant to them. You need to let those bees with weaker genetics cull themselves. Last winter was especially hard and I lost several colonies but with spring, there was a big boom in population. It was an uplifting spiritual feeling to see their resistance and the upwelling of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There has been a lot in the news about colony collapse disorder. Do beekeepers know what is causing that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.time.com/2012/04/11/whats-the-buzz-study-links-pesticide-with-honeybee-collapse/\">Colony collapse\u003c/a> has been shown to be caused by specific pesticides that interrupt the bees’ ability to navigate. Bees use the sun and landmarks to navigate and then do a “bee dance” to tell other bees where flowers are. When exposed to these pesticides, they can’t find their way home. Of course there are many other factors within industrial apiculture that are impacting the health of our honeybees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there any myths about bees that you would like to clear up?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, a swarm of bees is never an “angry” swarm; it’s a reproductive behavior that happens in the spring when the bees sense it will be a good year with plenty of food. The queen leaves the hive with some of the bees to find a new home. The old colony stays and raises a new queen—in this way the bees “reproduce” and make more of themselves. And the male bees neither sting nor collect pollen, only females. Male bees’ main job is to mate with a virgin queen, a task he gives his life to, as he dies in the process of mating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Anything else you’d like to share?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For urban beekeepers, two colonies are plenty for one yard; more than that and the bees will be competing for the limited supply of pollen and nectar. If we are to increase the number of urban beekeepers, we need more forage for the bees. If you want to be a friend to bees you don’t have to be a beekeeper, just plant more flowers! They especially like purple, white and yellow flowers; like lavender, poppies and sunflowers.\u003cbr>\nHere’s a \u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/urbanbeegardens/gbt.html\">list of bee friendly flowers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cstrong> Ruby’s advice for Becoming a Beginning Beekeeper\u003c/strong> \n\u003cli>Educate yourself by reading and taking classes and talking with other beekeepers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pick a system (Langstroth or Top Bar)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Procure bees (Pick one of the two options)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Buy a package with a one queen and few thousand worker bees (may be hard to find right now as most packaged bees are bought up in January)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Catch a swarm or take a split from an established beekeeper.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cli>Get some protective gear so you feel comfortable and not afraid of getting stung: hat with veil, suit and gloves.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You’ll need a little equipment: a hive tool, a bee brush and a smoker.\u003cbr>\nThen plunge in!\u003c/li>\n\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong>Resources:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.citybees.com/resources.htm\">City Bees\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbee.org/\">San Francisco Beekeepers Association\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbeecause.org/\">San Francisco Bee-Cause\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://alamedabees.org/\">Alameda County Beekeepers Association\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.iuhoakland.com/\">The Institute of Urban Homesteading\u003c/a> (Oakland)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://biofueloasis.com/workshops/\">BioFuel Oasis\u003c/a> (Berkeley)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.beekind.com/\">Bee Kind\u003c/a> (Sebastopol and San Francisco)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sparkybeegirl.com/sbgframeset2.html\">Ruby Blume’s website\u003c/a> with many more resources\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Do you dream of harvesting your own super-local honey to drizzle on your breakfast bread? Wonder how hard it is to keep bees and how to start? Bay Area Bites interviewed some East Bay beekeepers and collected a swarm of resources.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366269454,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1728},"headData":{"title":"Heard the Buzz on Backyard Beekeeping? | KQED","description":"Do you dream of harvesting your own super-local honey to drizzle on your breakfast bread? Wonder how hard it is to keep bees and how to start? Bay Area Bites interviewed some East Bay beekeepers and collected a swarm of resources.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Heard the Buzz on Backyard Beekeeping? ","datePublished":"2013-04-17T22:02:32.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-18T07:17:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"60015 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=60015","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/04/17/heard-the-buzz-on-backyard-beekeeping/","disqusTitle":"Heard the Buzz on Backyard Beekeeping? ","path":"/bayareabites/60015/heard-the-buzz-on-backyard-beekeeping","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/bee-flower-feast.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/bee-flower-feast.jpg\" alt=\"honey bee\" width=\"1000\" height=\"972\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60030\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">honey bee\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Do you dream of harvesting your own super-local honey to drizzle on your breakfast bread? Wonder how hard it is to keep bees and how to start? \u003cstrong>Bay Area Bites\u003c/strong> interviewed some East Bay beekeepers and collected a swarm of resources listed at the end of this post. Considering the seasonal cycle of bees, spring is the perfect time to take off on this new adventure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Nina-Mark-and-hive.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Nina-Mark-and-hive.jpg\" alt=\"Nina, Mark and Langstroth hive\" width=\"1000\" height=\"762\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60020\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nina, Mark and Langstroth hive\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before they got their bees, Nina Carter’s and Mark Hogenson’s apple tree produced a measly five apples, the next year, after they set up a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langstroth_hive\">Langstroth hive\u003c/a> in their Oakland garden, their tree showered them with hundreds of apples. (And their neighbor’s plum tree had so many plums they had to help her pick them and make jam).\u003cbr>\n(This brings up a good point in beekeeping etiquette: ask--or at least alert--your neighbors about the new brood that will be moving in.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BAB: Did you have a learning curve?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nina:\u003c/strong> Actually, our first hive failed because we weren’t controlling for Varroa mites. We were following a holistic approach and thought the bees would adapt. They were thriving for six months and then became sickly and after two weeks just disappeared. Bees have this altruistic behavior, when they get infected they fly away to protect the hive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark:\u003c/strong> It was disappointing, but we got advice from experienced beekeepers on several options to deal with mites. One way is to cover the bees with powdered sugar. Since they are very hygienic, that makes them completely clean themselves and they get rid of the tiny mites they might not have realized were eating a hole in their sides. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a saying in the bee community,” Mark adds with a rueful smile, “If you want to know anything about beekeeping, ask a second year beekeeper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So where did you get your next round of bees?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark:\u003c/strong> We got one swarm and one “cut–out,” which means that the bees had invaded an interior wall belonging to--we were told--\u003ca href=\"http://www.spiritrock.org/\">Spirit Rock Meditation Center\u003c/a>. Actually, those bees weren’t too productive, perhaps due to the change in the environment between Marin and Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is it like to keep bees?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nina:\u003c/strong> Fascinating and therapeutic. We’re in love with them. It’s kind of like having a new baby. We work at home as computer consultants and can just watch the bees and appreciate the scents of honey and beeswax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Langstroth-frame1.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Langstroth-frame1.jpg\" alt=\"Langstroth frame\" width=\"1000\" height=\"858\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60028\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Langstroth frame\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How much honey do you get?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark:\u003c/strong> Last year, we got 150 pounds of honey from one hive and now we’re thinking about selling some. (We’re talking with local storeowners about carrying this super local product. We call it \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/RockridgeHoney?fref=ts\">Rockridge Honey\u003c/a>. We also make a salve and lip balm from the beeswax.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Any advice for beginning beekeepers?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nina:\u003c/strong> When you’re just starting, you hear a lot of rumors and contradictory stories about what you should do and it’s hard to know who to believe. We did research for a year before we got our hives and read a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark:\u003c/strong> I would start with two hives so if any problems arise, you can compare them. \u003ca href=\"http://alamedabees.org/\">The Alameda County Beekeepers Association\u003c/a> has a lot of resources and taking a hands-on class helped; in it we also learned about the lifecycle and timing of beehive management. Every few weeks, you have to check and see if the bees have enough room, if not you need to get more boxes (called supers). You use a smoker so you can calm the bees before you approach. You want to get them out of the way before you lift a frame so that you don’t crush any of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nina:\u003c/strong> If we can, we are always going to have hives. They help us to be more in harmony with the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60021\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Ruby-Blumes-stairs.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Ruby-Blumes-stairs.jpg\" alt=\"Ruby Blume designed and made these stairs \" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60021\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruby Blume designed and made these stairs\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ruby Blume has kept bees since 1997. It wasn’t a conscious decision on her part; someone dropped off a Top Bar style beehive in her garden, showed her how to manage it and then just disappeared. Now Blume, whose license plate reads BEE GRRL, teaches beginning and advanced beekeeping classes at \u003ca href=\"http://www.iuhoakland.com/\">The Institute of Urban Homesteading\u003c/a>. The classes focus on “how to keep bees naturally” without the use of chemicals or sugar-water and promote \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-bar_hive\">the Top Bar system\u003c/a> (an alternative to the Langstroth hive) for the small-scale backyard beekeeper. Even Blume’s allergy to bee stings has not prevented her from keeping bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60022\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Ruby-Blume.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/Ruby-Blume.jpg\" alt=\"Ruby Blume and Top bar hive\" width=\"1000\" height=\"794\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60022\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruby Blume and Top bar hive\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you raise bees?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I love bees. I get an incredible sense of joy hanging out with them and feeling their exuberant energy. It’s a privilege to learn from them and through them I am more connected to nature’s cycles and seasons. Bees have such an elegant way of working together and being in concert with nature. They are amazing, highly evolved and, next to humans, the most studied species on earth. It’s easy to get started in beekeeping, yet after 16 years I am still learning!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did you decide to use the Top Bar system?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partly because it is what I learned on and what I am comfortable with. But also because it allows the bees to build their comb naturally, instead of on pre-imprinted frames, which manipulates the way they build. I trust that bees know what they are doing—after all they have been doing it for millions of years perfectly well without us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some advantages of the Top Bar System?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you let bees build natural combs, with smaller cells, it inhibits mites and then there is no need to treat them with pharmaceuticals. I also find the system to be much easier on my body as a beekeeper [full Langstroth boxes often weigh 50 pounds] and to require much less maintenance. Plus you can build a top bar hive yourself at a fraction of the cost of pre-fabricated boxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60025\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/top-bar-comb.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/04/top-bar-comb.jpg\" alt=\"top bar comb\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60025\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">top bar comb\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What else do you do to keep bees naturally?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t feed my bees sugar water in the winter. Instead I leave them enough of their own honey to survive. Honey is a much healthier food for the bees. It takes one bee her whole life to make 1/12 of a teaspoon of honey. Bees need one pound a day of honey to maintain themselves in the summer, plus in the Bay Area they need to put away about 30 pounds to last them through the winter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bee colony basically acts as a single organism. The inside of the hive is like a womb with its own flora and fauna—sugar, and chemical treatments like antibiotics upset this harmony. I know this might not be a popular perspective, but I believe that animals need to die off sometimes in order to build resistance in the entire colony. So if you treat for mites with pharmaceuticals, then the mites will become more resistant to them. You need to let those bees with weaker genetics cull themselves. Last winter was especially hard and I lost several colonies but with spring, there was a big boom in population. It was an uplifting spiritual feeling to see their resistance and the upwelling of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There has been a lot in the news about colony collapse disorder. Do beekeepers know what is causing that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.time.com/2012/04/11/whats-the-buzz-study-links-pesticide-with-honeybee-collapse/\">Colony collapse\u003c/a> has been shown to be caused by specific pesticides that interrupt the bees’ ability to navigate. Bees use the sun and landmarks to navigate and then do a “bee dance” to tell other bees where flowers are. When exposed to these pesticides, they can’t find their way home. Of course there are many other factors within industrial apiculture that are impacting the health of our honeybees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there any myths about bees that you would like to clear up?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, a swarm of bees is never an “angry” swarm; it’s a reproductive behavior that happens in the spring when the bees sense it will be a good year with plenty of food. The queen leaves the hive with some of the bees to find a new home. The old colony stays and raises a new queen—in this way the bees “reproduce” and make more of themselves. And the male bees neither sting nor collect pollen, only females. Male bees’ main job is to mate with a virgin queen, a task he gives his life to, as he dies in the process of mating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Anything else you’d like to share?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For urban beekeepers, two colonies are plenty for one yard; more than that and the bees will be competing for the limited supply of pollen and nectar. If we are to increase the number of urban beekeepers, we need more forage for the bees. If you want to be a friend to bees you don’t have to be a beekeeper, just plant more flowers! They especially like purple, white and yellow flowers; like lavender, poppies and sunflowers.\u003cbr>\nHere’s a \u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/urbanbeegardens/gbt.html\">list of bee friendly flowers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cstrong> Ruby’s advice for Becoming a Beginning Beekeeper\u003c/strong> \n\u003cli>Educate yourself by reading and taking classes and talking with other beekeepers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pick a system (Langstroth or Top Bar)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Procure bees (Pick one of the two options)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Buy a package with a one queen and few thousand worker bees (may be hard to find right now as most packaged bees are bought up in January)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Catch a swarm or take a split from an established beekeeper.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cli>Get some protective gear so you feel comfortable and not afraid of getting stung: hat with veil, suit and gloves.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You’ll need a little equipment: a hive tool, a bee brush and a smoker.\u003cbr>\nThen plunge in!\u003c/li>\n\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong>Resources:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.citybees.com/resources.htm\">City Bees\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbee.org/\">San Francisco Beekeepers Association\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbeecause.org/\">San Francisco Bee-Cause\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://alamedabees.org/\">Alameda County Beekeepers Association\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.iuhoakland.com/\">The Institute of Urban Homesteading\u003c/a> (Oakland)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://biofueloasis.com/workshops/\">BioFuel Oasis\u003c/a> (Berkeley)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.beekind.com/\">Bee Kind\u003c/a> (Sebastopol and San Francisco)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sparkybeegirl.com/sbgframeset2.html\">Ruby Blume’s website\u003c/a> with many more resources\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/60015/heard-the-buzz-on-backyard-beekeeping","authors":["5283"],"categories":["bayareabites_109","bayareabites_752","bayareabites_64","bayareabites_2638","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_2554","bayareabites_1875","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_1876","bayareabites_875","bayareabites_877","bayareabites_10507","bayareabites_11555","bayareabites_11558","bayareabites_11557","bayareabites_11556"],"featImg":"bayareabites_60184","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_57662":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_57662","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"57662","score":null,"sort":[1362159790000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wild-bees-are-good-for-crops-but-crops-are-bad-for-bees","title":"Wild Bees Are Good For Crops, But Crops Are Bad For Bees","publishDate":1362159790,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 889px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/03/bees.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/03/bees.jpg\" alt=\"Wild bees, such as this Andrena bee visiting highbush blueberry flowers, play a key role in boosting crop yields. Left photo by Rufus Isaac/Right photo by Daniel M.N. Turner\" width=\"889\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-57667\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wild bees, such as this Andrena bee visiting highbush blueberry flowers, play a key role in boosting crop yields. Left photo by Rufus Isaac/Right photo by Daniel M.N. Turner\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/01/173167125/wild-bees-are-good-for-crops-but-crops-are-bad-for-bees\">Morning Edition:\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2013/03/20130301_me_13.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/01/173167125/wild-bees-are-good-for-crops-but-crops-are-bad-for-bees\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/1/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the most healthful foods you can think of — blueberries, cranberries, apples, almonds and squash — would never get to your plate without the help of insects. No insects, no pollination. No pollination, no fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers who grow these crops often \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/02/14/146872577/why-california-almonds-need-north-dakota-flowers-and-a-few-billion-bees\">rely on honeybees\u003c/a> to do the job. But scientists are now \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2013/02/27/science.1230200\">reporting\u003c/a> that honeybees, while convenient, are not necessarily the best pollinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A huge collaboration of bee researchers, from more than a dozen countries, looked at how pollination happens in dozens of different crops, including strawberries, coffee, buckwheat, cherries and watermelons. As they report in the journal \u003cem>Science,\u003c/em> even when beekeepers installed plenty of hives in a field, yields usually got a boost when wild, native insects, such as bumblebees or carpenter bees, also showed up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The surprising message in all of this is that honeybees cannot carry the load. Honeybees need help from their cousins and relatives, the other wild bees,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.entomology.umn.edu/People/GradFaculty/Spivak/\">Marla Spivak\u003c/a>, a professor of entomology at the University of Minnesota. \"So let's do something to promote it, so that we can keep honeybees healthy and our wild bee populations healthy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, a second \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2013/02/27/science.1232728\">study\u003c/a>, also released in \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> this week, makes it clear that wild bees aren't having an easy time of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That study essentially follows in the century-old footsteps of \u003ca href=\"http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/25037.aspx\">Charles Robertson\u003c/a>, \"one of America's great scientists that nobody knows about,\" says Laura Burkle, an ecologist at Montana State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robertson taught biology and Greek at Blackburn College in Carlinville, Ill., and he was fascinated by the close connection between insects and flowers. He spent years in the forests around Carlinville, carefully noting which insects visited which wild flowers at what time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burkle and \u003ca href=\"http://www.biology.wustl.edu/faculty/knight/knightcv.html\">Tiffany Knight\u003c/a>, a colleague at Washington University in St. Louis, went back to Carlinville to see how much of the ecosystem that Robertson observed still exists today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the forested area around the town has been converted into fields of corn and soybeans — or suburbs. In the fragments of forest that remain, Burkle and Knight found all of the flowering plants that Robertson recorded in his notes a century ago. Of the 109 species of bees that Robertson saw, though, just over half seemed to have disappeared from that area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know why,\" says Burkle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility might be a loss of nesting sites for these bees. But a changing climate may also play a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bees that disappeared tended to be species that depended on just a few kinds of flowers for food. For those bees to survive, their preferred flowers have to be blooming when the bees start flying and need food. The warming trend might have thrown off that timing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57668\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/03/beekeepers.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/03/beekeepers-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Hired beekeepers work to pollinate an almond orchard near Snelling, Calif. Wild bees play a critical role in helping honeybees pollinate crops, but they often can't survive on modern monoculture farms. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-57668\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hired beekeepers work to pollinate an almond orchard near Snelling, Calif. Wild bees play a critical role in helping honeybees pollinate crops, but they often can't survive on modern monoculture farms. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, Burkle says, if you map the interactions between flowers and bees, they seem more tenuous now. Some flowers may get visited by just one or two kinds of bees, and maybe just for one week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know that these systems can take a lot more environmental change without something drastic happening,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many bee researchers are trying to figure out how to help those native bees — and how to help farmers who benefit from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/kremenlab/\">Claire Kremen\u003c/a>, a conservation biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, who's a co-author of the first study in \u003cem>Science,\u003c/em> says one of the biggest problems for wild bees is the agricultural specialization that has produced huge fields of just one crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The almond groves of California, for example, are a sea of blossoms in February. It's a feast, as far as the eye can see, for honeybees that come here from all over the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But for the rest of the year, there's nothing blooming,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means there are no bees. \"In fact, in places where we have very large monocultures of almond, we don't find any native bees anymore,\" Kremen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planting other flowers in and around these almond groves, maybe as hedgerows, blooming all summer long, would help, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even better would be farms with smaller fields, and lots of different crops flowering at different times. Wild bees, Kremen says, need diversity.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nCopyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"When it comes to pollinating our favorite crops — from coffee to watermelon — honeybees can't do it alone. Wild bees in the field play a critical role in creating bumper crops, a massive new study reports. But these bees are disappearing, and scientists say the rise of crop monocultures is partly to blame.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1362159790,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":807},"headData":{"title":"Wild Bees Are Good For Crops, But Crops Are Bad For Bees | KQED","description":"When it comes to pollinating our favorite crops — from coffee to watermelon — honeybees can't do it alone. Wild bees in the field play a critical role in creating bumper crops, a massive new study reports. But these bees are disappearing, and scientists say the rise of crop monocultures is partly to blame.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Wild Bees Are Good For Crops, But Crops Are Bad For Bees","datePublished":"2013-03-01T17:43:10.000Z","dateModified":"2013-03-01T17:43:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"57662 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=57662","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/03/01/wild-bees-are-good-for-crops-but-crops-are-bad-for-bees/","disqusTitle":"Wild Bees Are Good For Crops, But Crops Are Bad For Bees","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"173167125","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=173167125&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/01/173167125/wild-bees-are-good-for-crops-but-crops-are-bad-for-bees?ft=3&f=173167125","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 01 Mar 2013 05:41:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 01 Mar 2013 04:00:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 01 Mar 2013 07:42:38 -0500","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2013/03/20130301_me_13.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&ft=3&f=173167125","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1173217283-3c5106.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1025&ft=3&f=173167125","path":"/bayareabites/57662/wild-bees-are-good-for-crops-but-crops-are-bad-for-bees","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2013/03/20130301_me_13.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&ft=3&f=173167125","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 889px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/03/bees.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/03/bees.jpg\" alt=\"Wild bees, such as this Andrena bee visiting highbush blueberry flowers, play a key role in boosting crop yields. Left photo by Rufus Isaac/Right photo by Daniel M.N. Turner\" width=\"889\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-57667\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wild bees, such as this Andrena bee visiting highbush blueberry flowers, play a key role in boosting crop yields. Left photo by Rufus Isaac/Right photo by Daniel M.N. Turner\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/01/173167125/wild-bees-are-good-for-crops-but-crops-are-bad-for-bees\">Morning Edition:\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2013/03/20130301_me_13.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/01/173167125/wild-bees-are-good-for-crops-but-crops-are-bad-for-bees\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/1/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the most healthful foods you can think of — blueberries, cranberries, apples, almonds and squash — would never get to your plate without the help of insects. No insects, no pollination. No pollination, no fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers who grow these crops often \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/02/14/146872577/why-california-almonds-need-north-dakota-flowers-and-a-few-billion-bees\">rely on honeybees\u003c/a> to do the job. But scientists are now \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2013/02/27/science.1230200\">reporting\u003c/a> that honeybees, while convenient, are not necessarily the best pollinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A huge collaboration of bee researchers, from more than a dozen countries, looked at how pollination happens in dozens of different crops, including strawberries, coffee, buckwheat, cherries and watermelons. As they report in the journal \u003cem>Science,\u003c/em> even when beekeepers installed plenty of hives in a field, yields usually got a boost when wild, native insects, such as bumblebees or carpenter bees, also showed up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The surprising message in all of this is that honeybees cannot carry the load. Honeybees need help from their cousins and relatives, the other wild bees,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.entomology.umn.edu/People/GradFaculty/Spivak/\">Marla Spivak\u003c/a>, a professor of entomology at the University of Minnesota. \"So let's do something to promote it, so that we can keep honeybees healthy and our wild bee populations healthy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, a second \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2013/02/27/science.1232728\">study\u003c/a>, also released in \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> this week, makes it clear that wild bees aren't having an easy time of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That study essentially follows in the century-old footsteps of \u003ca href=\"http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/25037.aspx\">Charles Robertson\u003c/a>, \"one of America's great scientists that nobody knows about,\" says Laura Burkle, an ecologist at Montana State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robertson taught biology and Greek at Blackburn College in Carlinville, Ill., and he was fascinated by the close connection between insects and flowers. He spent years in the forests around Carlinville, carefully noting which insects visited which wild flowers at what time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burkle and \u003ca href=\"http://www.biology.wustl.edu/faculty/knight/knightcv.html\">Tiffany Knight\u003c/a>, a colleague at Washington University in St. Louis, went back to Carlinville to see how much of the ecosystem that Robertson observed still exists today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the forested area around the town has been converted into fields of corn and soybeans — or suburbs. In the fragments of forest that remain, Burkle and Knight found all of the flowering plants that Robertson recorded in his notes a century ago. Of the 109 species of bees that Robertson saw, though, just over half seemed to have disappeared from that area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know why,\" says Burkle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility might be a loss of nesting sites for these bees. But a changing climate may also play a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bees that disappeared tended to be species that depended on just a few kinds of flowers for food. For those bees to survive, their preferred flowers have to be blooming when the bees start flying and need food. The warming trend might have thrown off that timing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57668\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/03/beekeepers.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/03/beekeepers-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Hired beekeepers work to pollinate an almond orchard near Snelling, Calif. Wild bees play a critical role in helping honeybees pollinate crops, but they often can't survive on modern monoculture farms. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-57668\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hired beekeepers work to pollinate an almond orchard near Snelling, Calif. Wild bees play a critical role in helping honeybees pollinate crops, but they often can't survive on modern monoculture farms. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, Burkle says, if you map the interactions between flowers and bees, they seem more tenuous now. Some flowers may get visited by just one or two kinds of bees, and maybe just for one week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know that these systems can take a lot more environmental change without something drastic happening,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many bee researchers are trying to figure out how to help those native bees — and how to help farmers who benefit from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://nature.berkeley.edu/kremenlab/\">Claire Kremen\u003c/a>, a conservation biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, who's a co-author of the first study in \u003cem>Science,\u003c/em> says one of the biggest problems for wild bees is the agricultural specialization that has produced huge fields of just one crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The almond groves of California, for example, are a sea of blossoms in February. It's a feast, as far as the eye can see, for honeybees that come here from all over the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But for the rest of the year, there's nothing blooming,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means there are no bees. \"In fact, in places where we have very large monocultures of almond, we don't find any native bees anymore,\" Kremen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planting other flowers in and around these almond groves, maybe as hedgerows, blooming all summer long, would help, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even better would be farms with smaller fields, and lots of different crops flowering at different times. Wild bees, Kremen says, need diversity.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nCopyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/57662/wild-bees-are-good-for-crops-but-crops-are-bad-for-bees","authors":["byline_bayareabites_57662"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_34","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_875","bayareabites_877","bayareabites_11297","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_57663","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_15383":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_15383","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"15383","score":null,"sort":[1280078658000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"death-of-the-bees","title":"Death of the Bees","publishDate":1280078658,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/seedholders/4821590679/in/set-72157624442410811/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/07/bees-crime500.jpg\" alt=\"Karen Peteros Explains Bee Crime at Farm. Photo by Booka Alon\" title=\"Karen Peteros Explains Bee Crime at Farm. Photo by Booka Alon\" width=\"500\" height=\"667\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-15393\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Karen Peteros Explains Bee Crime at Farm. Photo by Booka Alon\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do you do when someone willfully destroys hundreds of thousands of hard-working, plant-pollinating, food-making creatures? Creatures that you'd raised and nurtured yourself in your backyard, then brought over to live in a community growing space, where they would be a living educational installation, a buzzing, honey-making science lesson for anyone curious about the very useful life cycle of the domestic honeybee? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"http://www.hayesvalleyfarm.com\">Hayes Valley Farm\u003c/a>, where earlier this week an unknown person purposefully sprayed pesticide into the entrance holes of the farm's two beehives, the deliberate destruction of so many healthy, thriving bees was a particular blow to the hives' manager, Karen Peteros. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peteros, a former president of the San Francisco Beekeepers' Association, recently co-founded \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbeecause.org\">SF Bee-Cause\u003c/a>, a non-profit organization geared towards charitable, educational work with bees. (Her partner in the venture is Cameo Wood, founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.hmsbeekeeper.com\"> Her Majesty's Secret Beekeeper\u003c/a>), the Mission's only apiary-supply store.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hives at Hayes Valley Farm hives were intended to be the cornerstone of a hands-on, seasonally-focused series of classes for everyone: established urban beekeepers, curious novices, science-minded kids, anyone, who, as Peteros put it, \"wants to get their face into a hive (while protected by a bee suit, of course)!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's really no place to do hands-on bee education in the city,\" said Peteros last Thursday afternoon, as she and a helper scraped and scooped handfuls of the dead bees into buckets. \"Nowhere that you can have the experience of going through a whole year in the life of the hive.\" A hands-on honey extraction class was planned for next month, after which the hives' honey would be sold as a fund-raiser for SF Bee-Cause. \"We wanted to send a message that there's a place for bees in the urban environment, that pollinators are a good thing, not something to be afraid of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, there's a big difference between mild-mannered honeybees, their equally placid native-bee brethren, and aggressive hornets and wasps. Skinny and shiny, with narrow, neon-yellow-and-black stripes, wasps and hornets are the stingers that ruin your picnic, horning in on your baloney and fruit punch. They eat meat, love sweets, and will sting repeatedly. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/edibleoffice/4823418391/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/07/bees-comb500.jpg\" alt=\"Hayes Valley Farm - 7/21/10 Photo by Zoey Kroll\" title=\"Hayes Valley Farm - 7/21/10 Photo by Zoey Kroll\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-15395\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Hayes Valley Farm - 7/21/10 Photo by Zoey Kroll\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honeybees, on the other hand, have rounded bodies that are fuzzy and golden-striped. They eat nothing but pollen and nectar; even the most icing-piled cupcake is of no interest. Stinging anything but another bee means certain death, so they sting only as a last resort. In general, only a small number of protective guard bees directly in front of the hive have any motivation to sting. And even more importantly, they are a crucial part of our ecosystem. One third of all food plants that we eat depend on insect pollination. Even the smallest backyard garden is more fruitful when it's planted with pollinator-friendly flowers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before bringing in the hives, says farm co-founder Jay Rosenberg, the farm's founders attended many community and neighborhood association meetings, hoping to educate the surrounding neighbors. Rosenberg and Peteros both note that there was one person in the neighborhood who seemed to have an irrational fear and hostility to the idea of bees on the property. But with no hard evidence, they can't point a finger, although a police investigation is ongoing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, they're focusing on moving forward. A memorial is planned as part of this Sunday's usual volunteer workday at the farm. There will be something like a wake for the dead bees, and an open forum for friends of the farm to express their feelings and make suggestions. \"People here have developed an affection for the bees. This will give people a chance to vent,\" any anger or frustration they may have, although Peteros hopes to keep the mood geared towards kindness and the need for education. She'll be bringing a gallon of honey to share, made by the \"mother hive\" that spawned the farm's bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to give the empty hive boxes to our Art Guild to decorate, to make public art for future hives,\" Peteros says, before picking up a frame that's glowing amber in the late-afternoon sun. \"Look at all that beautiful pollen,\" she says, pointing out the rows of golden-tan cells ringed with milky, wax-capped honey. In one corner, somehow, a brand-new bee is being born, her curled torso struggling out of a tiny wax-walled cell. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will bees come back to the farm? Peteros isn't sure. While the farm is fenced, it's still open space. Bees need free access to the outdoors, so enclosing them in a locked shed isn't really an option. Still, Peteros has hope. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're trying to turn this into something positive, make it an opportunity to do some educating en masse,\" says Peteros. \"Everyone that learns something about bees as a result of this can become a bee ambassador.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bee Power Granola \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAdapted from \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0811832384/kqedorg-20\">Honey: from Flower to Table\u003c/a> by Stephanie Rosenbaum\u003cbr>\nMakes approximately 6 cups\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n2 cups old-fashioned rolled oats\u003cbr>\n3/4 cup slivered almonds\u003cbr>\n1/4 teaspoon salt\u003cbr>\n1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, or to taste\u003cbr>\n¼ teaspoon nutmeg, freshly grated if possible\u003cbr>\n¼ cup flax seeds\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup hulled sunflower or pumpkin seeds\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup canola oil\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup honey\u003cbr>\n1 1/4 cups raisins, dried blueberries, dried cherries, or chopped dried apricots\u003cbr>\n2 tablespoons bee pollen, optional\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparation\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n1. Preheat oven to 325ºF. Stir oats, almonds, salt, spices, flax seeds, and sunflower or pumpkin seeds together. Add oil and honey, stirring until mixture is thoroughly coated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Spread mixture in a single layer on a large rimmed baking sheet. Bake, stirring occasionally, until golden brown, 30-40 minutes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Remove from oven, stir in dried fruit and bee pollen, if using, and let cool. Store in an airtight container. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more information or to make a donation, go to \u003ca href=\"http://www.hayesvalleyfarm.com/blog.html\">Hayes Valley Farm\u003c/a>. A memorial for the bees will be held as part of Sunday's volunteer workday, 12:30-4:30pm on Sunday, July 25. A class on Honey Bee Basics will be offered at 10am on Aug. 1. The farm is located at 450 Laguna St at Fell in San Francisco.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"\"We're trying to turn this into something positive,\" says Karen Peteros, the founder of SF Bee-Cause, whose hives at the Hayes Valley Farm were recently sprayed with pesticide, killing all bees inside. Her hope? Creating a network of \"bee ambassadors\" who can do education and outreach all around the city, showing that there's a place for bees in the city, and that supporting pollinators is a good thing.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1280252800,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1089},"headData":{"title":"Death of the Bees | KQED","description":""We're trying to turn this into something positive," says Karen Peteros, the founder of SF Bee-Cause, whose hives at the Hayes Valley Farm were recently sprayed with pesticide, killing all bees inside. Her hope? Creating a network of "bee ambassadors" who can do education and outreach all around the city, showing that there's a place for bees in the city, and that supporting pollinators is a good thing.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Death of the Bees","datePublished":"2010-07-25T17:24:18.000Z","dateModified":"2010-07-27T17:46:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"15383 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=15383","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2010/07/25/death-of-the-bees/","disqusTitle":"Death of the Bees","path":"/bayareabites/15383/death-of-the-bees","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/seedholders/4821590679/in/set-72157624442410811/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/07/bees-crime500.jpg\" alt=\"Karen Peteros Explains Bee Crime at Farm. Photo by Booka Alon\" title=\"Karen Peteros Explains Bee Crime at Farm. Photo by Booka Alon\" width=\"500\" height=\"667\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-15393\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Karen Peteros Explains Bee Crime at Farm. Photo by Booka Alon\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do you do when someone willfully destroys hundreds of thousands of hard-working, plant-pollinating, food-making creatures? Creatures that you'd raised and nurtured yourself in your backyard, then brought over to live in a community growing space, where they would be a living educational installation, a buzzing, honey-making science lesson for anyone curious about the very useful life cycle of the domestic honeybee? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"http://www.hayesvalleyfarm.com\">Hayes Valley Farm\u003c/a>, where earlier this week an unknown person purposefully sprayed pesticide into the entrance holes of the farm's two beehives, the deliberate destruction of so many healthy, thriving bees was a particular blow to the hives' manager, Karen Peteros. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peteros, a former president of the San Francisco Beekeepers' Association, recently co-founded \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbeecause.org\">SF Bee-Cause\u003c/a>, a non-profit organization geared towards charitable, educational work with bees. (Her partner in the venture is Cameo Wood, founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.hmsbeekeeper.com\"> Her Majesty's Secret Beekeeper\u003c/a>), the Mission's only apiary-supply store.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hives at Hayes Valley Farm hives were intended to be the cornerstone of a hands-on, seasonally-focused series of classes for everyone: established urban beekeepers, curious novices, science-minded kids, anyone, who, as Peteros put it, \"wants to get their face into a hive (while protected by a bee suit, of course)!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's really no place to do hands-on bee education in the city,\" said Peteros last Thursday afternoon, as she and a helper scraped and scooped handfuls of the dead bees into buckets. \"Nowhere that you can have the experience of going through a whole year in the life of the hive.\" A hands-on honey extraction class was planned for next month, after which the hives' honey would be sold as a fund-raiser for SF Bee-Cause. \"We wanted to send a message that there's a place for bees in the urban environment, that pollinators are a good thing, not something to be afraid of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, there's a big difference between mild-mannered honeybees, their equally placid native-bee brethren, and aggressive hornets and wasps. Skinny and shiny, with narrow, neon-yellow-and-black stripes, wasps and hornets are the stingers that ruin your picnic, horning in on your baloney and fruit punch. They eat meat, love sweets, and will sting repeatedly. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/edibleoffice/4823418391/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/07/bees-comb500.jpg\" alt=\"Hayes Valley Farm - 7/21/10 Photo by Zoey Kroll\" title=\"Hayes Valley Farm - 7/21/10 Photo by Zoey Kroll\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-15395\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Hayes Valley Farm - 7/21/10 Photo by Zoey Kroll\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honeybees, on the other hand, have rounded bodies that are fuzzy and golden-striped. They eat nothing but pollen and nectar; even the most icing-piled cupcake is of no interest. Stinging anything but another bee means certain death, so they sting only as a last resort. In general, only a small number of protective guard bees directly in front of the hive have any motivation to sting. And even more importantly, they are a crucial part of our ecosystem. One third of all food plants that we eat depend on insect pollination. Even the smallest backyard garden is more fruitful when it's planted with pollinator-friendly flowers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before bringing in the hives, says farm co-founder Jay Rosenberg, the farm's founders attended many community and neighborhood association meetings, hoping to educate the surrounding neighbors. Rosenberg and Peteros both note that there was one person in the neighborhood who seemed to have an irrational fear and hostility to the idea of bees on the property. But with no hard evidence, they can't point a finger, although a police investigation is ongoing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, they're focusing on moving forward. A memorial is planned as part of this Sunday's usual volunteer workday at the farm. There will be something like a wake for the dead bees, and an open forum for friends of the farm to express their feelings and make suggestions. \"People here have developed an affection for the bees. This will give people a chance to vent,\" any anger or frustration they may have, although Peteros hopes to keep the mood geared towards kindness and the need for education. She'll be bringing a gallon of honey to share, made by the \"mother hive\" that spawned the farm's bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to give the empty hive boxes to our Art Guild to decorate, to make public art for future hives,\" Peteros says, before picking up a frame that's glowing amber in the late-afternoon sun. \"Look at all that beautiful pollen,\" she says, pointing out the rows of golden-tan cells ringed with milky, wax-capped honey. In one corner, somehow, a brand-new bee is being born, her curled torso struggling out of a tiny wax-walled cell. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will bees come back to the farm? Peteros isn't sure. While the farm is fenced, it's still open space. Bees need free access to the outdoors, so enclosing them in a locked shed isn't really an option. Still, Peteros has hope. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're trying to turn this into something positive, make it an opportunity to do some educating en masse,\" says Peteros. \"Everyone that learns something about bees as a result of this can become a bee ambassador.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bee Power Granola \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAdapted from \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0811832384/kqedorg-20\">Honey: from Flower to Table\u003c/a> by Stephanie Rosenbaum\u003cbr>\nMakes approximately 6 cups\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n2 cups old-fashioned rolled oats\u003cbr>\n3/4 cup slivered almonds\u003cbr>\n1/4 teaspoon salt\u003cbr>\n1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, or to taste\u003cbr>\n¼ teaspoon nutmeg, freshly grated if possible\u003cbr>\n¼ cup flax seeds\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup hulled sunflower or pumpkin seeds\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup canola oil\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup honey\u003cbr>\n1 1/4 cups raisins, dried blueberries, dried cherries, or chopped dried apricots\u003cbr>\n2 tablespoons bee pollen, optional\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparation\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n1. Preheat oven to 325ºF. Stir oats, almonds, salt, spices, flax seeds, and sunflower or pumpkin seeds together. Add oil and honey, stirring until mixture is thoroughly coated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Spread mixture in a single layer on a large rimmed baking sheet. Bake, stirring occasionally, until golden brown, 30-40 minutes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Remove from oven, stir in dried fruit and bee pollen, if using, and let cool. Store in an airtight container. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more information or to make a donation, go to \u003ca href=\"http://www.hayesvalleyfarm.com/blog.html\">Hayes Valley Farm\u003c/a>. A memorial for the bees will be held as part of Sunday's volunteer workday, 12:30-4:30pm on Sunday, July 25. A class on Honey Bee Basics will be offered at 10am on Aug. 1. The farm is located at 450 Laguna St at Fell in San Francisco.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/15383/death-of-the-bees","authors":["5038"],"categories":["bayareabites_752","bayareabites_2554","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_12","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_875","bayareabites_8283","bayareabites_877"],"label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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