Wildfires Make Dangerous Air For Farmworkers: 'It's Like You Can't Breathe'
'Essential' Status Means Jobs For Farmworkers, But Greater Virus Risk
Acknowledging Programs That Protect and Empower Farmworkers for National Farmworker Awareness Week
Dolores Huerta: The Civil Rights Icon Who Showed Farmworkers 'Sí Se Puede'
In Their Own Words: Oral Histories of California Farmworkers
Inside The Lives Of Farmworkers: Top 5 Lessons I Learned On The Ground
Guest Workers, Legal Yet Not Quite Free, Pick Florida's Oranges
EPA Announces New Rules To Protect Farmworkers From Pesticides
Why Picking Your Berries for $8,000 a Year Hurts a Lot
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Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"bayareabites_138974":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_138974","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"138974","score":null,"sort":[1600805595000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wildfires-make-dangerous-air-for-farmworkers-its-like-you-cant-breathe","title":"Wildfires Make Dangerous Air For Farmworkers: 'It's Like You Can't Breathe'","publishDate":1600805595,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Farmworkers in California are facing two crises at once: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/08/08/900220260/without-federal-protections-farm-workers-risk-coronavirus-infection-to-harvest-c\">the coronavirus\u003c/a> and exposure to dangerous air from wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massive fires \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/\">border large swaths\u003c/a> of California's agriculture region, the Central Valley. Monitoring stations report unhealthy air across the \u003ca href=\"https://gispub.epa.gov/airnow/\">interior of the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To be out in the fields, it's like you can't breathe,\" says Hernan Hernandez, executive director of the California Farmworker Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California requires employers to provide outdoor workers with respiratory protection such as N95 masks if the air quality reaches a certain threshold. In a statewide survey last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/07/909314223/farm-workers-face-double-threat-wildfire-smoke-and-covid-19\">a labor union found\u003c/a> farmworkers mostly weren't getting them. But wearing a mask when it's 110 degrees isn't easy either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/us/coronavirus-undocumented-immigrant-farmworkers-agriculture.html#:~:text=About%20half%20of%20all%20crop,is%20closer%20to%2075%20percent.\">half, or more\u003c/a>, of farmworkers in the U.S. are in the country illegally. They don't have access to many government benefits, can't afford to miss work and may be hesitant to complain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are excerpts of Sacha Pfeiffer's interview with Hernandez on \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> about the threats facing farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I understand that you're hearing that employers are not always supplying masks.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. There's not enough PPE to sustain the current agriculture workforce in California. So what we're seeing on the ground is that everybody's just trying to get a hold of whatever they can. At a state level, in which PPE distributions have occurred in the past couple of weeks, we're nowhere near meeting the demands to ensure the safety of farmworkers and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are you hearing from farmworkers about the kinds of dilemmas and choices they're facing, especially in terms of what if they miss work and how do they try to protect their health? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you look at farmworkers and you ask them, \"How can the state help you during these difficult times?\" the No. 1 thing they will tell you is rent relief. The Central Valley, the coastal areas, everywhere in California, there's a housing crisis. And you're seeing it through farmworkers living in households that have two to three families because they can't afford the rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California did supply some pandemic aid to undocumented immigrants — about $125 million in May. Has that money gotten to farmworkers and helped them during this time?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it was a very minute force that actually received the California aid, because just in the Central Valley alone we have over 500,000 farmworkers. The aid for the Central Valley was capped at 10,000 undocumented workers, so this didn't encompass just farmworkers, it encompassed any type of undocumented worker that works in retail, that works in restaurants, that works in construction, so a very minute force actually had an opportunity to receive those $500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jonaki Mehta and Sarah Handel produced and edited the audio interview.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wildfires+Make+Dangerous+Air+For+Farmworkers%3A+%27It%27s+Like+You+Can%27t+Breathe%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As fires ravage California, farmworkers are dealing with dangerous air in incredible heat. Hernan Hernandez of the California Farmworker Foundation says there's \"nowhere near\" enough protective gear.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1621632531,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":482},"headData":{"title":"Wildfires Make Dangerous Air For Farmworkers: 'It's Like You Can't Breathe' | KQED","description":"As fires ravage California, farmworkers are dealing with dangerous air in incredible heat. Hernan Hernandez of the California Farmworker Foundation says there's "nowhere near" enough protective gear.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"138974 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=138974","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2020/09/22/wildfires-make-dangerous-air-for-farmworkers-its-like-you-cant-breathe/","disqusTitle":"Wildfires Make Dangerous Air For Farmworkers: 'It's Like You Can't Breathe'","nprImageCredit":"Brent Stirton","nprByline":"James Doubek","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"912752013","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=912752013&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/14/912752013/wildfires-make-dangerous-air-for-farmworkers-it-s-like-you-can-t-breathe?ft=nprml&f=912752013","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 15 Sep 2020 10:38:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 14 Sep 2020 18:34:50 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 15 Sep 2020 10:38:55 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2020/09/20200914_atc_farmworkers_and_fires.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=239&p=2&story=912752013&ft=nprml&f=912752013","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1912791491-549e63.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=239&p=2&story=912752013&ft=nprml&f=912752013","path":"/bayareabites/138974/wildfires-make-dangerous-air-for-farmworkers-its-like-you-cant-breathe","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2020/09/20200914_atc_farmworkers_and_fires.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=239&p=2&story=912752013&ft=nprml&f=912752013","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Farmworkers in California are facing two crises at once: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/08/08/900220260/without-federal-protections-farm-workers-risk-coronavirus-infection-to-harvest-c\">the coronavirus\u003c/a> and exposure to dangerous air from wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massive fires \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/\">border large swaths\u003c/a> of California's agriculture region, the Central Valley. Monitoring stations report unhealthy air across the \u003ca href=\"https://gispub.epa.gov/airnow/\">interior of the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To be out in the fields, it's like you can't breathe,\" says Hernan Hernandez, executive director of the California Farmworker Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California requires employers to provide outdoor workers with respiratory protection such as N95 masks if the air quality reaches a certain threshold. In a statewide survey last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/07/909314223/farm-workers-face-double-threat-wildfire-smoke-and-covid-19\">a labor union found\u003c/a> farmworkers mostly weren't getting them. But wearing a mask when it's 110 degrees isn't easy either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/us/coronavirus-undocumented-immigrant-farmworkers-agriculture.html#:~:text=About%20half%20of%20all%20crop,is%20closer%20to%2075%20percent.\">half, or more\u003c/a>, of farmworkers in the U.S. are in the country illegally. They don't have access to many government benefits, can't afford to miss work and may be hesitant to complain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are excerpts of Sacha Pfeiffer's interview with Hernandez on \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> about the threats facing farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I understand that you're hearing that employers are not always supplying masks.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. There's not enough PPE to sustain the current agriculture workforce in California. So what we're seeing on the ground is that everybody's just trying to get a hold of whatever they can. At a state level, in which PPE distributions have occurred in the past couple of weeks, we're nowhere near meeting the demands to ensure the safety of farmworkers and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are you hearing from farmworkers about the kinds of dilemmas and choices they're facing, especially in terms of what if they miss work and how do they try to protect their health? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you look at farmworkers and you ask them, \"How can the state help you during these difficult times?\" the No. 1 thing they will tell you is rent relief. The Central Valley, the coastal areas, everywhere in California, there's a housing crisis. And you're seeing it through farmworkers living in households that have two to three families because they can't afford the rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California did supply some pandemic aid to undocumented immigrants — about $125 million in May. Has that money gotten to farmworkers and helped them during this time?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it was a very minute force that actually received the California aid, because just in the Central Valley alone we have over 500,000 farmworkers. The aid for the Central Valley was capped at 10,000 undocumented workers, so this didn't encompass just farmworkers, it encompassed any type of undocumented worker that works in retail, that works in restaurants, that works in construction, so a very minute force actually had an opportunity to receive those $500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jonaki Mehta and Sarah Handel produced and edited the audio interview.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wildfires+Make+Dangerous+Air+For+Farmworkers%3A+%27It%27s+Like+You+Can%27t+Breathe%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/138974/wildfires-make-dangerous-air-for-farmworkers-its-like-you-cant-breathe","authors":["byline_bayareabites_138974"],"categories":["bayareabites_16558","bayareabites_17082","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_10916"],"tags":["bayareabites_134","bayareabites_3644","bayareabites_16601","bayareabites_744","bayareabites_14775"],"featImg":"bayareabites_138975","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_136564":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_136564","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"136564","score":null,"sort":[1585408281000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk","title":"'Essential' Status Means Jobs For Farmworkers, But Greater Virus Risk","publishDate":1585408281,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Thousands of farmworkers are now carrying a new document with them on the road, in case they get stopped. Barbara Resendiz got hers last Friday, together with her paycheck. The small card explains that the Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.cisa.gov/publication/guidance-essential-critical-infrastructure-workforce\">considers\u003c/a> her job to be part of the nation's critical infrastructure and that she needs to get to work, despite California's order to shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resendiz works for Sierra Farms, a strawberry grower near Watsonville, Calif. The card recognizes something that she knows to be true, and wishes more people understood. \"What would be great would be for people to know how important we as a community are, not just when there's a state of emergency,\" she said, speaking through an interpreter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But being essential also brings danger. Staying on the job makes it more likely that the virus will spread quickly from one worker to the next — especially when workers are living in crowded temporary housing, sharing rides, and eating together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Growers, the leading association of fruit and vegetable producers in California and Arizona, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.wga.com/sites/default/files/wg_what_to_do_if_an_EE_tests_positive_for_COVID-19_v3.pdf\">told\u003c/a> its members that farmworkers are covered by guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for \"personnel in critical/essential infrastructure positions,\" such as emergency first responders. According to that guidance, \"these personnel may be permitted to continue work following potential exposure [to the coronavirus] .... provided they remain asymptomatic.\" So if one worker tests positive for the virus, employers are not obligated to send that person's co-workers home as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='coronavirus, covid-19' label='The Latest on the Coronavirus']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few farmworkers, however, are taking matters into their own hands and refusing to work at farms where they don't feel safe. Resendiz says that she knows of one vegetable farm where \"a lot of people haven't returned to work because of the fear, because they haven't been given information.\" So many workers went missing that \"a job that should have taken a week is now delayed until further notice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to many people involved in the food industry, it is this risk — a shortage of workers — that poses COVID-19's most immediate threat to the country's supply of perishable foods. The concern focuses on labor-intensive operations like vegetable fields, meat-processing facilities, and shipping centers. Employers point out that much of this work, including work in the fields, demands a high level of skill, and experienced workers often can't be replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest fear is of a wave of sickness among workers. \u003ca href=\"https://bfarm.com/meet-our-team\">Cannon Michael\u003c/a>, a grower in California's Central Valley, wrote in an email to NPR that \"if it gets into the farm worker population, it will spread like wildfire.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus is changing life in the fields, as farms try to keep workers safe. Workers in the strawberry fields at Sierra Farms \"are six feet apart in every single row,\" says Jacqueline Vazquez, the farm manager. \"They are washing their hands every two hours. Making sure that even during breaks and lunches, people are six feet apart. We have asked that people don't share food. That's been a big tradition in agriculture — 'I'll bring the burritos and you bring the drinks' — but for right now, we've asked that that not happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been only a few reports so far of agricultural workers getting sick with COVID-19. Sanderson Farms, a big poultry producer, \u003ca href=\"https://sandersonfarms.com/blog/sanderson-farms-confirms-employee-tested-positive-novel-coronavirus/\">announced\u003c/a> on March 23 that one worker in a processing plant in McComb, Miss., had tested positive for the virus. According to the company's statement, that person and six others who worked at the same small processing table had been \"sent home to self-quarantine with pay.\" Foster Farms, another poultry producer, took similar steps when two employees at a plant in Louisiana tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other food companies, when asked whether any employees had tested positive for the virus, declined to provide any information. A spokesperson for Tyson, the country's biggest poultry processor, wrote in an email that \"we're not able to provide specifics about any team member's health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials are concerned that farm employees may stay on the job, despite illness, because they need the money. Up to now, farmworkers in California have been entitled to a small amount — three days — of paid sick leave each year. In many other states, workers have been entitled to no paid sick leave at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That just changed, at least temporarily. Congress has \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/pandemic/ffcra-employee-paid-leave\">passed\u003c/a> a law — which remains in effect only until the end of 2020 — that requires every employer to provide at least 80 hours of paid sick leave. It also requires employers to provide partial pay to workers who are forced to stay home because their children's schools are closed due to coronavirus concerns. The government will reimburse employers for most of this expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, on paper, represents a dramatic one-time boost in benefits for many farmworkers. Bt Alexis Guild, director of health policy for Farmworker Justice, an advocacy group, isn't yet confident that the new law will be strictly enforced on farms. \"Workers may be worried about losing their job if they were to take sick leave, even though there are retaliation protections,\" Guild says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lupe Sandoval, managing director of the \u003ca href=\"https://calflca.org/\">California Farm Labor Contractor Association\u003c/a>, says he's \"hopeful\" that farmworkers won't get sick, but admits that there's a \"pretty good likelihood\" that the virus eventually will show up among these workers. He also says that \"we don't want workers scared to go to work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resendiz, the farmworker in Watsonville, says that employers need to provide clear and accurate information. \"If there isn't enough information, then yeah, people won't be going to work because they're afraid,\" she says. \"If your employer gives the employee the tools and supplies needed to protect themselves, I think there'll be less fear and more people at work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are taking a risk to provide the food on your table,\" she says. \"We're going to protect ourselves as much as we can. But it is a risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2020/03/27/821449729/essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Essential%27+Status+Means+Jobs+For+Farmworkers%2C+But+Greater+Virus+Risk&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Farmworkers are still working during the coronavirus epidemic. They're essential. But they're also at greater risk of infection.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1585408599,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":1040},"headData":{"title":"'Essential' Status Means Jobs For Farmworkers, But Greater Virus Risk | KQED","description":"Farmworkers are still working during the coronavirus epidemic. They're essential. But they're also at greater risk of infection.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"136564 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=136564","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2020/03/28/essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk/","disqusTitle":"'Essential' Status Means Jobs For Farmworkers, But Greater Virus Risk","nprImageCredit":"Ariana Drehsler","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprImageAgency":"AFP via Getty Images","nprStoryId":"821449729","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=821449729&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2020/03/27/821449729/essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk?ft=nprml&f=821449729","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 27 Mar 2020 14:37:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 27 Mar 2020 13:50:30 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 27 Mar 2020 14:37:49 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/136564/essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Thousands of farmworkers are now carrying a new document with them on the road, in case they get stopped. Barbara Resendiz got hers last Friday, together with her paycheck. The small card explains that the Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.cisa.gov/publication/guidance-essential-critical-infrastructure-workforce\">considers\u003c/a> her job to be part of the nation's critical infrastructure and that she needs to get to work, despite California's order to shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resendiz works for Sierra Farms, a strawberry grower near Watsonville, Calif. The card recognizes something that she knows to be true, and wishes more people understood. \"What would be great would be for people to know how important we as a community are, not just when there's a state of emergency,\" she said, speaking through an interpreter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But being essential also brings danger. Staying on the job makes it more likely that the virus will spread quickly from one worker to the next — especially when workers are living in crowded temporary housing, sharing rides, and eating together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Growers, the leading association of fruit and vegetable producers in California and Arizona, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.wga.com/sites/default/files/wg_what_to_do_if_an_EE_tests_positive_for_COVID-19_v3.pdf\">told\u003c/a> its members that farmworkers are covered by guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for \"personnel in critical/essential infrastructure positions,\" such as emergency first responders. According to that guidance, \"these personnel may be permitted to continue work following potential exposure [to the coronavirus] .... provided they remain asymptomatic.\" So if one worker tests positive for the virus, employers are not obligated to send that person's co-workers home as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"coronavirus, covid-19","label":"The Latest on the Coronavirus "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few farmworkers, however, are taking matters into their own hands and refusing to work at farms where they don't feel safe. Resendiz says that she knows of one vegetable farm where \"a lot of people haven't returned to work because of the fear, because they haven't been given information.\" So many workers went missing that \"a job that should have taken a week is now delayed until further notice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to many people involved in the food industry, it is this risk — a shortage of workers — that poses COVID-19's most immediate threat to the country's supply of perishable foods. The concern focuses on labor-intensive operations like vegetable fields, meat-processing facilities, and shipping centers. Employers point out that much of this work, including work in the fields, demands a high level of skill, and experienced workers often can't be replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest fear is of a wave of sickness among workers. \u003ca href=\"https://bfarm.com/meet-our-team\">Cannon Michael\u003c/a>, a grower in California's Central Valley, wrote in an email to NPR that \"if it gets into the farm worker population, it will spread like wildfire.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus is changing life in the fields, as farms try to keep workers safe. Workers in the strawberry fields at Sierra Farms \"are six feet apart in every single row,\" says Jacqueline Vazquez, the farm manager. \"They are washing their hands every two hours. Making sure that even during breaks and lunches, people are six feet apart. We have asked that people don't share food. That's been a big tradition in agriculture — 'I'll bring the burritos and you bring the drinks' — but for right now, we've asked that that not happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been only a few reports so far of agricultural workers getting sick with COVID-19. Sanderson Farms, a big poultry producer, \u003ca href=\"https://sandersonfarms.com/blog/sanderson-farms-confirms-employee-tested-positive-novel-coronavirus/\">announced\u003c/a> on March 23 that one worker in a processing plant in McComb, Miss., had tested positive for the virus. According to the company's statement, that person and six others who worked at the same small processing table had been \"sent home to self-quarantine with pay.\" Foster Farms, another poultry producer, took similar steps when two employees at a plant in Louisiana tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other food companies, when asked whether any employees had tested positive for the virus, declined to provide any information. A spokesperson for Tyson, the country's biggest poultry processor, wrote in an email that \"we're not able to provide specifics about any team member's health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials are concerned that farm employees may stay on the job, despite illness, because they need the money. Up to now, farmworkers in California have been entitled to a small amount — three days — of paid sick leave each year. In many other states, workers have been entitled to no paid sick leave at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That just changed, at least temporarily. Congress has \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/pandemic/ffcra-employee-paid-leave\">passed\u003c/a> a law — which remains in effect only until the end of 2020 — that requires every employer to provide at least 80 hours of paid sick leave. It also requires employers to provide partial pay to workers who are forced to stay home because their children's schools are closed due to coronavirus concerns. The government will reimburse employers for most of this expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, on paper, represents a dramatic one-time boost in benefits for many farmworkers. Bt Alexis Guild, director of health policy for Farmworker Justice, an advocacy group, isn't yet confident that the new law will be strictly enforced on farms. \"Workers may be worried about losing their job if they were to take sick leave, even though there are retaliation protections,\" Guild says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lupe Sandoval, managing director of the \u003ca href=\"https://calflca.org/\">California Farm Labor Contractor Association\u003c/a>, says he's \"hopeful\" that farmworkers won't get sick, but admits that there's a \"pretty good likelihood\" that the virus eventually will show up among these workers. He also says that \"we don't want workers scared to go to work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resendiz, the farmworker in Watsonville, says that employers need to provide clear and accurate information. \"If there isn't enough information, then yeah, people won't be going to work because they're afraid,\" she says. \"If your employer gives the employee the tools and supplies needed to protect themselves, I think there'll be less fear and more people at work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are taking a risk to provide the food on your table,\" she says. \"We're going to protect ourselves as much as we can. But it is a risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2020/03/27/821449729/essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Essential%27+Status+Means+Jobs+For+Farmworkers%2C+But+Greater+Virus+Risk&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/136564/essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk","authors":["byline_bayareabites_136564"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_95","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_10916"],"tags":["bayareabites_250","bayareabites_16549","bayareabites_16545","bayareabites_1057","bayareabites_3644"],"featImg":"bayareabites_136567","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_126162":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_126162","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"126162","score":null,"sort":[1521898546000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"programs-that-protect-and-empower-farmworkers","title":"Acknowledging Programs That Protect and Empower Farmworkers for National Farmworker Awareness Week","publishDate":1521898546,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The United States is home to approximately \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncfh.org/uploads/3/8/6/8/38685499/fs-migrant_demographics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three million\u003c/a> farmworkers who dedicate their days to cultivating crops and harvesting our food. Out of those three million, 72 percent are foreign-born, and almost 70 percent of those people are from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time since the end of the Great Recession, the Pew Research Center \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/2015/11/19/more-mexicans-leaving-than-coming-to-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports \u003c/a>more Mexicans are leaving the U.S. than coming here, which growers believe could be contributing to the decrease of farmworkers, along with the ongoing battle about U.S. immigration policies. In 2017, that labor shortage cost the state of California alone more than $13 million when crops started rotting in the fields before they could be picked, and it led some to growers to try to incentivize people with salaries above minimum wage, along with paid time off and 401(k) plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average income for an individual farmworker ranges from $12,500 to $14,999, with the average total family income of a farmworker ranging from $17,500 to $19,999, making it the second lowest paid job in the country. According to the National Center of Farmworker Health, about \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmworkerjustice.org/sites/default/files/NAWS%20data%20factsht%201-13-15FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 percent\u003c/a> of farmworkers are living with total family incomes well under the federal poverty line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In honor of \u003ca href=\"https://www.saf-unite.org/content/national-farmworker-awareness-week\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Farmworker Awareness Week\u003c/a> (March 24-31) and Cesar Chavez’s birthday on March 31, we wanted to bring attention to the vital community of farmworkers we all depend on to bring food to our tables. Here are a few organizations and programs that empower and protect our farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_126166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2.jpg\" alt=\"Farmworkers at Swanton Berry Farm\" width=\"1200\" height=\"789\" class=\"size-full wp-image-126166\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-800x526.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-768x505.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-1020x671.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-1180x776.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-960x631.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-375x247.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-520x342.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers at Swanton Berry Farm \u003ccite>(Swanton Berry Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Agricultural Justice Project (Food Justice Certified Label)\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.agriculturaljusticeproject.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Agricultural Justice Project\u003c/a> was created to provide farms and food businesses with tools to improve work and trade practices from farm to retail. One of the technical tools AJP provides is a certification program for social justice standards called Food Justice Certification (FJC), deemed the “gold standard for labor and trade practices in North America.” In 2014, one of Ferry Plaza Farmers Market sellers, \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/seller/swanton-berry-farm\">Swanton Berry Farm\u003c/a>, became one of four farms in the United States to \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/article/swanton-berry-farm-bringing-justice-table\">receive the FJC label\u003c/a>, which sets rigorous standards for respectful treatment of farmworkers, living wages, safe working conditions, and collective bargaining rights. Shoppers can find FJC products at their grocery stores, farmers markets, CSAs, and on roadside stands.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Agriculture and Land-Based Training Association (ALBA)\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/article/alba-grows-new-farmers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ALBA\u003c/a>’s 100-acre training farm carries out their mission of creating economic opportunity for low-income and aspiring organic farmers. The five-year Farmer Education and Enterprise Development (FEED) program at the Salinas Valley-based facility arms farmers with knowledge on how to launch a farm business, how to grow organic farms, and how to market the produce they grow. ALBA’s two training and educational farms are designed as business incubators. Many of ALBA’s graduates have gone on to run successful farms and CSAs all around the state, such as Sergio Jimenez from \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/article/built-excellent-soil-and-gratitude-ground-stew-farms\">Ground Stew Farms\u003c/a> (which can be found at the Ferry Plaza and Jack London Square Farmers Markets) and Javier Zamora of \u003ca href=\"http://www.kitchentableadvisors.org/news//supporting-a-community-of-small-farmers-jsm-organics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JSM Organics\u003c/a> (at the Ferry Plaza on Thursdays).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Alianza Nacional de Campesinas\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Launched in 2011, \u003ca href=\"https://www.alianzanacionaldecampesinas.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alianza Nacional de Campesinas\u003c/a> is the first national organization dedicated to empowering women farmworkers to make sure they have a leadership seat at the policy table and to combat violence against women in the fields. The organization \u003ca href=\"http://remezcla.com/features/culture/alianza-nacional-de-campesinas-times-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inspired \u003c/a>the “Time’s Up” initiative after the Monica Ramírez, co-founder and president of Alianza, drafted an open letter in \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/5018813/farmworkers-solidarity-hollywood-sexual-assault/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TIME \u003c/a>expressing their support for the actresses who were speaking up against sexual assault in the workplace and raising awareness for the conditions and injustices many women farmworkers face each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Farmworker Justice\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Created in 1981 to empower migrant and seasonal farmworkers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmworkerjustice.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Farmworker Justice \u003c/a>seeks to help farmworkers improve their own living and working conditions, immigration status, health, occupational safety, and access to justice. Farmworker Justice collaborates with private law firms and legal advocacy organizations to help fight labor abuse of farmworkers and advance farmworker rights. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmworkerjustice.org/press/2017/06/trump-epa-faces-lawsuit-delaying-protections-most-toxic-pesticides\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent case\u003c/a>, farmworker and health organizations represented by Earthjustice and Farmworker Justice filed suit against the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency administrator Scott Pruitt for delaying for a year implementation of the revised Certification of Pesticide Applicators (CPA) rule, which would have protected minors from continuing to handle some of the most toxic pesticides in agricultural, commercial, and residential settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>United Farm Workers of America (UFW)\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Created by Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta, and Gilbert Padilla in 1962, \u003ca href=\"http://ufw.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UFW \u003c/a>has grown to be a powerhouse for organizing farmworkers and advocating for their rights. It originated from the merger of two workers’ rights organizations, the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) led by Dolores Huerta and Cesar Chavez, and the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) led by organizer Larry Itliong, and it brought national attention to the farmworker cause in the 1960s leading to several union contracts in states across the country. UFW’s mission is to provide resources to not just to farmworkers but also other working people and to promote a fair and just food supply. UFW sponsors legislation that advocates for farmworkers and runs \u003ca href=\"http://ufw.org/organizing/key-campaigns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaigns \u003c/a>to protect the labor force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Take action to raise awareness and protect farmworkers this \u003ca href=\"https://www.saf-unite.org/content/national-farmworker-awareness-week\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Farmworker Awareness Week\u003c/a> at Student Action with Farmworkers.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/\">\u003cem>CUESA\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In honor of National Farmworker Awareness Week (March 24-31) and Cesar Chavez’s birthday on March 31, we wanted to bring attention to the vital community of farmworkers we all depend on to bring food to our tables. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1522176351,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":950},"headData":{"title":"Acknowledging Programs That Protect and Empower Farmworkers for National Farmworker Awareness Week | KQED","description":"In honor of National Farmworker Awareness Week (March 24-31) and Cesar Chavez’s birthday on March 31, we wanted to bring attention to the vital community of farmworkers we all depend on to bring food to our tables. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"126162 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=126162","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/03/24/programs-that-protect-and-empower-farmworkers/","disqusTitle":"Acknowledging Programs That Protect and Empower Farmworkers for National Farmworker Awareness Week","source":"Farmers and Farms","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/farmers-farmers-markets","nprByline":"Daisy Prado, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/cuesa\">CUESA\u003c/a>","path":"/bayareabites/126162/programs-that-protect-and-empower-farmworkers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The United States is home to approximately \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncfh.org/uploads/3/8/6/8/38685499/fs-migrant_demographics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three million\u003c/a> farmworkers who dedicate their days to cultivating crops and harvesting our food. Out of those three million, 72 percent are foreign-born, and almost 70 percent of those people are from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time since the end of the Great Recession, the Pew Research Center \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/2015/11/19/more-mexicans-leaving-than-coming-to-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports \u003c/a>more Mexicans are leaving the U.S. than coming here, which growers believe could be contributing to the decrease of farmworkers, along with the ongoing battle about U.S. immigration policies. In 2017, that labor shortage cost the state of California alone more than $13 million when crops started rotting in the fields before they could be picked, and it led some to growers to try to incentivize people with salaries above minimum wage, along with paid time off and 401(k) plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average income for an individual farmworker ranges from $12,500 to $14,999, with the average total family income of a farmworker ranging from $17,500 to $19,999, making it the second lowest paid job in the country. According to the National Center of Farmworker Health, about \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmworkerjustice.org/sites/default/files/NAWS%20data%20factsht%201-13-15FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 percent\u003c/a> of farmworkers are living with total family incomes well under the federal poverty line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In honor of \u003ca href=\"https://www.saf-unite.org/content/national-farmworker-awareness-week\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Farmworker Awareness Week\u003c/a> (March 24-31) and Cesar Chavez’s birthday on March 31, we wanted to bring attention to the vital community of farmworkers we all depend on to bring food to our tables. Here are a few organizations and programs that empower and protect our farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_126166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2.jpg\" alt=\"Farmworkers at Swanton Berry Farm\" width=\"1200\" height=\"789\" class=\"size-full wp-image-126166\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-800x526.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-768x505.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-1020x671.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-1180x776.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-960x631.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-375x247.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/03/swanton_2-520x342.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers at Swanton Berry Farm \u003ccite>(Swanton Berry Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Agricultural Justice Project (Food Justice Certified Label)\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.agriculturaljusticeproject.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Agricultural Justice Project\u003c/a> was created to provide farms and food businesses with tools to improve work and trade practices from farm to retail. One of the technical tools AJP provides is a certification program for social justice standards called Food Justice Certification (FJC), deemed the “gold standard for labor and trade practices in North America.” In 2014, one of Ferry Plaza Farmers Market sellers, \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/seller/swanton-berry-farm\">Swanton Berry Farm\u003c/a>, became one of four farms in the United States to \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/article/swanton-berry-farm-bringing-justice-table\">receive the FJC label\u003c/a>, which sets rigorous standards for respectful treatment of farmworkers, living wages, safe working conditions, and collective bargaining rights. Shoppers can find FJC products at their grocery stores, farmers markets, CSAs, and on roadside stands.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Agriculture and Land-Based Training Association (ALBA)\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/article/alba-grows-new-farmers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ALBA\u003c/a>’s 100-acre training farm carries out their mission of creating economic opportunity for low-income and aspiring organic farmers. The five-year Farmer Education and Enterprise Development (FEED) program at the Salinas Valley-based facility arms farmers with knowledge on how to launch a farm business, how to grow organic farms, and how to market the produce they grow. ALBA’s two training and educational farms are designed as business incubators. Many of ALBA’s graduates have gone on to run successful farms and CSAs all around the state, such as Sergio Jimenez from \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/article/built-excellent-soil-and-gratitude-ground-stew-farms\">Ground Stew Farms\u003c/a> (which can be found at the Ferry Plaza and Jack London Square Farmers Markets) and Javier Zamora of \u003ca href=\"http://www.kitchentableadvisors.org/news//supporting-a-community-of-small-farmers-jsm-organics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JSM Organics\u003c/a> (at the Ferry Plaza on Thursdays).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Alianza Nacional de Campesinas\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Launched in 2011, \u003ca href=\"https://www.alianzanacionaldecampesinas.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alianza Nacional de Campesinas\u003c/a> is the first national organization dedicated to empowering women farmworkers to make sure they have a leadership seat at the policy table and to combat violence against women in the fields. The organization \u003ca href=\"http://remezcla.com/features/culture/alianza-nacional-de-campesinas-times-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inspired \u003c/a>the “Time’s Up” initiative after the Monica Ramírez, co-founder and president of Alianza, drafted an open letter in \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/5018813/farmworkers-solidarity-hollywood-sexual-assault/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TIME \u003c/a>expressing their support for the actresses who were speaking up against sexual assault in the workplace and raising awareness for the conditions and injustices many women farmworkers face each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Farmworker Justice\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Created in 1981 to empower migrant and seasonal farmworkers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmworkerjustice.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Farmworker Justice \u003c/a>seeks to help farmworkers improve their own living and working conditions, immigration status, health, occupational safety, and access to justice. Farmworker Justice collaborates with private law firms and legal advocacy organizations to help fight labor abuse of farmworkers and advance farmworker rights. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmworkerjustice.org/press/2017/06/trump-epa-faces-lawsuit-delaying-protections-most-toxic-pesticides\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent case\u003c/a>, farmworker and health organizations represented by Earthjustice and Farmworker Justice filed suit against the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency administrator Scott Pruitt for delaying for a year implementation of the revised Certification of Pesticide Applicators (CPA) rule, which would have protected minors from continuing to handle some of the most toxic pesticides in agricultural, commercial, and residential settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>United Farm Workers of America (UFW)\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Created by Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta, and Gilbert Padilla in 1962, \u003ca href=\"http://ufw.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UFW \u003c/a>has grown to be a powerhouse for organizing farmworkers and advocating for their rights. It originated from the merger of two workers’ rights organizations, the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) led by Dolores Huerta and Cesar Chavez, and the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) led by organizer Larry Itliong, and it brought national attention to the farmworker cause in the 1960s leading to several union contracts in states across the country. UFW’s mission is to provide resources to not just to farmworkers but also other working people and to promote a fair and just food supply. UFW sponsors legislation that advocates for farmworkers and runs \u003ca href=\"http://ufw.org/organizing/key-campaigns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaigns \u003c/a>to protect the labor force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Take action to raise awareness and protect farmworkers this \u003ca href=\"https://www.saf-unite.org/content/national-farmworker-awareness-week\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Farmworker Awareness Week\u003c/a> at Student Action with Farmworkers.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/\">\u003cem>CUESA\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/126162/programs-that-protect-and-empower-farmworkers","authors":["byline_bayareabites_126162"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_95","bayareabites_11028","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_3644","bayareabites_15979"],"featImg":"bayareabites_126165","label":"source_bayareabites_126162"},"bayareabites_120851":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_120851","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"120851","score":null,"sort":[1505846756000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dolores-huerta-the-civil-rights-icon-who-showed-farmworkers-si-se-puede","title":"Dolores Huerta: The Civil Rights Icon Who Showed Farmworkers 'Sí Se Puede'","publishDate":1505846756,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>At 87, Dolores Huerta is a living civil rights icon. She has spent most of her life as a political activist, fighting for better working conditions for farmworkers and the rights of the downtrodden, a firm believer in the power of political organizing to effect change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, her role in the farmworkers movement has long been overshadowed by that of Cesar Chavez, her longtime collaborator and co-founder of what became the United Farm Workers of America union. That's true even when it comes to credit for coining the movement's famous slogan, \u003cem>Sí se puede\u003c/em> — Spanish for \"Yes, we can\" — which inspired President Obama's own campaign battle cry and has often wrongly been attributed to Chavez. (Obama acknowledged Huerta as the \u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/05/29/remarks-president-presidential-medal-freedom-ceremony\">source of that phrase\u003c/a> when he awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2012. She talks about its origins below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.doloresthemovie.com/\">Dolores\u003c/a>\u003cem>,\u003c/em> a new documentary from director Peter Bratt, aims to finally set the record straight. The film chronicles Huerta's evolution from a teenager outraged by the racial and economic injustices she saw in California's agricultural Central Valley to a key architect of the nationwide boycott of grapes that led to the first farmworker union contracts. At its height, an estimated 17 million people stopped buying grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huerta was 25 when she became the political director of the Community Service Organization, run by influential community organizer Fred Ross. That's where she met Chavez, and in 1962 the two teamed up to form what became the UFA, organizing farmworkers who toiled for wages as low as 70 cents an hour, in brutal conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They didn't have toilets in the fields, they didn't have cold drinking water. They didn't have rest periods,\" Huerta tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1965, the grape workers struck, and Huerta was a leading organizer. She faced violence on the picket lines — and sexism from both the growers she was staring down and their political allies, and from within her own organization. At one point, a lawmaker is seen referring to Huerta as Chavez's \"sidekick.\" At a time when the feminist movement was taking root, Huerta was an unconventional figure: the twice-divorced mother of 11 children. \"Who supports those kids when she's out on these adventures?\" one of her opponents is shown asking in historical footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now grown, her children provide some of the most moving accounts in the film. They speak with great admiration for their mother, but are also candid about the price her tireless dedication to the cause exacted on the family. As one daughter puts it, \"The movement became her most important child.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_120854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march.jpg\" alt=\"Huerta organizes marchers in Coachella, Calif., in 1969. She's been an outspoken activist for the rights of farmworkers and the downtrodden for much of her life.\" width=\"1400\" height=\"786\" class=\"size-full wp-image-120854\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-768x431.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-1180x662.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-960x539.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Huerta organizes marchers in Coachella, Calif., in 1969. She's been an outspoken activist for the rights of farmworkers and the downtrodden for much of her life. \u003ccite>(George Ballis//George Ballis/Take Stock/The Image Work)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As she approaches nine decades of life, Huerta remains outspoken and indefatigable. Through her \u003ca href=\"http://doloreshuerta.org/\">Dolores Huerta Foundation,\u003c/a> she continues to work with agricultural communities, organizing people to run for office and advocating on issues of health, education and economic development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huerta recently stopped by NPR headquarters in Washington, D.C., where she spoke to us about the new film, her life's work and her ongoing activism. Excerpts of our conversation are transcribed below, edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After the grape workers went on strike, you directed the national boycott of grapes. What kind of day-to-day conditions did farmworkers in the field face at that time? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, the conditions were terrible. The farmworkers were only earning about 70 cents an hour at that time — 90 cents was the highest wage that they were earning. They didn't have toilets in the fields, they didn't have cold drinking water. They didn't have rest periods. People worked from sunup to sundown. It was really atrocious. And families were so poor. I think that's one of the things that really infuriated me. When I saw people in their homes — they had dirt floors. And the furniture was orange crates and cardboard boxes. People were so incredibly poor and they were working so hard. And the children were [suffering from malnutrition] and very ill-clothed and ill-fed. I said, \"This is wrong,\" because you saw how hard they were working, and yet they were not getting paid anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One thing that struck me while watching the documentary was the violence directed against farmworkers during the strike. Were you subjected to this violence? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, many times. We had violence directed at us by the growers themselves, trying to run us down by cars, pointing rifles at us, spraying the people when they were on the picket line with sulfur. And then we had violence by the Teamsters union with the goons that they hired at that time — and by the way, I have to say that the Teamsters union are OK today. [Editor's note: In 1970, the Teamsters union signed a deal with growers for access to organize farmworkers, undercutting the efforts of the United Farm Workers.] They came at us with two by fours. We had a lot of violence, definitely. And then I was beaten up by the police San Francisco [in 1988], which also is shown in the film. [During that incident, several of her ribs were broken and her recovery took months.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> In the documentary, we hear a lot of moving testimony from your children. And they obviously have a great deal of respect and admiration for you. But they also talk about the toll that the work took on the family when they were growing up. Was that something that weighed on you — the fact that that you were very much a pioneer, but the time that you spent on activism meant time away from your children? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that's something that all mothers have to deal with, especially single mothers. We work and we have to leave the kids behind. And I think that's one of the reasons that we, not only as women but as families, we have to advocate for early childhood education for all of our children. To make sure that they're taken care of but also educated in the process. Because we do need women in civic life. We do need women to run for office, to be in political office. We need a feminist to be at the table when decisions are being made so that the right decisions will be made. But you know, actually, in the farmworkers union — and the film doesn't really show this — we always had a daycare for children. Because when we did this strike, and especially when all of the people went on the march to Sacramento, the women had to take over the picket lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Because the men were marching to Sacramento?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, the women had to take over the strike. The women had to run all the picket lines. They had to do all the work that we were doing in the strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you feel that women working in the fields faced special challenges when you were organizing? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh absolutely, especially on the issue of pesticides. Because you know, the pesticides in the fields really affect women even more than they do men. They affect children and they affect women more than they do men. But we have had so many women that have cancer, so many children have been born with deformities. And men also that have died because they were spraying pesticides in the field and they died of lung cancer. This is a really, really big issue to this day for farmworkers. Because even though we were able to get many of the pesticides banned, they keep inventing new ones. And it was actually just a couple of months ago that a group of farmworkers working in a field near Bakersfield \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/may/17/pesticide-trump-ban-california-farm-workers-sick\">were poisoned\u003c/a>. And one of the pesticides that affected them was one that was recently taken off the restricted list by President Trump. [Editor's note: The Environmental Protection Agency, under President Obama, had concluded that the pesticide chlorpyrifos could pose a risk to consumers and proposed banning it. But a final decision was not made until March, when the Trump administration's EPA \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/03/29/521898976/will-the-epa-reject-a-pesticide-or-its-own-scientific-evidence\">reversed course\u003c/a> and said it would keep the pesticide on the market.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One of things in the documentary that stayed with me is that you say that for a long time, you didn't think it was right to take credit for your work. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know what? I've thought about that a lot. When we had our first constitutional convention for the National Farm Workers Association and we were having elections and Cesar [Chavez] was running the meeting, he stepped down from the dais and came up to me. He said, \"Who's going to nominate you for vice president?\" And I said, \"Oh, I don't have to be on the board. I just want to serve all the women out there.\" How many of us have thought that way?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he said, \"You're crazy.\" So I did — I grabbed somebody to nominate me. But if Cesar hadn't told me to, I wouldn't have thought about it. And I think that's a problem with us as women — we don't think we need to be in the power structure, that we need to be on those boards where decisions are being made. Sometimes we think well, I'm not really prepared to take that position or that role. But I say [to women out there]: Just do it like the guys do it — pretend that you know. And then you learn on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The slogan \"\u003cem>Sí\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cem> se puede\"\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> — \"Yes, we can\" — that was you. How did you come up with that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were in Arizona. We were organizing people in the community to come to support us. They had passed a law in Arizona that if you said, \"boycott,\" you could go to prison for six months. And if you said \"strike,\" you could go to prison. So we were trying to organize against that law. And I was speaking to a group of professionals in Arizona, to see if they could support us. And they said, \"Oh, here in Arizona you can't do any of that. In Arizona \u003cem>no se puede — \u003c/em>no you can't\u003cem>.\" \u003c/em>And I said, \"No, in Arizona \u003cem>sí se puede!\" \u003c/em>And when I went back to our meeting that we had every night there ... I gave that report to everybody and when I said, \"\u003cem>Sí se puede\u003c/em>,\" everybody started shouting, \"\u003cem>Sí se puede! Sí se puede!\"\u003c/em> And so that became the slogan of our campaign in Arizona and now is the slogan for the immigrant rights movement, you know, on posters. We can do it. I can do it. \u003cem>Sí\u003c/em>\u003cem> se puede\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>That must make you smile every time you hear it. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, it does. I always feel very happy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A key architect of the nationwide grape boycott that galvanized the farmworkers' rights movement, her legacy has long been overshadowed. A new film aims to change that. Huerta speaks with NPR.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1505846756,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1864},"headData":{"title":"Dolores Huerta: The Civil Rights Icon Who Showed Farmworkers 'Sí Se Puede' | KQED","description":"A key architect of the nationwide grape boycott that galvanized the farmworkers' rights movement, her legacy has long been overshadowed. A new film aims to change that. Huerta speaks with NPR.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"120851 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=120851","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2017/09/19/dolores-huerta-the-civil-rights-icon-who-showed-farmworkers-si-se-puede/","disqusTitle":"Dolores Huerta: The Civil Rights Icon Who Showed Farmworkers 'Sí Se Puede'","nprImageCredit":"Jon Lewis","nprByline":"Maria Godoy, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Courtesy of LeRoy Chatfield","nprStoryId":"551490281","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=551490281&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/09/17/551490281/dolores-huerta-the-civil-rights-icon-who-showed-farmworkers-si-se-puede?ft=nprml&f=551490281","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 19 Sep 2017 10:56:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 17 Sep 2017 03:38:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 19 Sep 2017 10:56:56 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/120851/dolores-huerta-the-civil-rights-icon-who-showed-farmworkers-si-se-puede","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At 87, Dolores Huerta is a living civil rights icon. She has spent most of her life as a political activist, fighting for better working conditions for farmworkers and the rights of the downtrodden, a firm believer in the power of political organizing to effect change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, her role in the farmworkers movement has long been overshadowed by that of Cesar Chavez, her longtime collaborator and co-founder of what became the United Farm Workers of America union. That's true even when it comes to credit for coining the movement's famous slogan, \u003cem>Sí se puede\u003c/em> — Spanish for \"Yes, we can\" — which inspired President Obama's own campaign battle cry and has often wrongly been attributed to Chavez. (Obama acknowledged Huerta as the \u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/05/29/remarks-president-presidential-medal-freedom-ceremony\">source of that phrase\u003c/a> when he awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2012. She talks about its origins below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.doloresthemovie.com/\">Dolores\u003c/a>\u003cem>,\u003c/em> a new documentary from director Peter Bratt, aims to finally set the record straight. The film chronicles Huerta's evolution from a teenager outraged by the racial and economic injustices she saw in California's agricultural Central Valley to a key architect of the nationwide boycott of grapes that led to the first farmworker union contracts. At its height, an estimated 17 million people stopped buying grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huerta was 25 when she became the political director of the Community Service Organization, run by influential community organizer Fred Ross. That's where she met Chavez, and in 1962 the two teamed up to form what became the UFA, organizing farmworkers who toiled for wages as low as 70 cents an hour, in brutal conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They didn't have toilets in the fields, they didn't have cold drinking water. They didn't have rest periods,\" Huerta tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1965, the grape workers struck, and Huerta was a leading organizer. She faced violence on the picket lines — and sexism from both the growers she was staring down and their political allies, and from within her own organization. At one point, a lawmaker is seen referring to Huerta as Chavez's \"sidekick.\" At a time when the feminist movement was taking root, Huerta was an unconventional figure: the twice-divorced mother of 11 children. \"Who supports those kids when she's out on these adventures?\" one of her opponents is shown asking in historical footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now grown, her children provide some of the most moving accounts in the film. They speak with great admiration for their mother, but are also candid about the price her tireless dedication to the cause exacted on the family. As one daughter puts it, \"The movement became her most important child.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_120854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march.jpg\" alt=\"Huerta organizes marchers in Coachella, Calif., in 1969. She's been an outspoken activist for the rights of farmworkers and the downtrodden for much of her life.\" width=\"1400\" height=\"786\" class=\"size-full wp-image-120854\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-768x431.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-1180x662.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-960x539.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/09/dolores-huerta-organizing-marchers-on-the-2nd-day-of-march-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Huerta organizes marchers in Coachella, Calif., in 1969. She's been an outspoken activist for the rights of farmworkers and the downtrodden for much of her life. \u003ccite>(George Ballis//George Ballis/Take Stock/The Image Work)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As she approaches nine decades of life, Huerta remains outspoken and indefatigable. Through her \u003ca href=\"http://doloreshuerta.org/\">Dolores Huerta Foundation,\u003c/a> she continues to work with agricultural communities, organizing people to run for office and advocating on issues of health, education and economic development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huerta recently stopped by NPR headquarters in Washington, D.C., where she spoke to us about the new film, her life's work and her ongoing activism. Excerpts of our conversation are transcribed below, edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After the grape workers went on strike, you directed the national boycott of grapes. What kind of day-to-day conditions did farmworkers in the field face at that time? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, the conditions were terrible. The farmworkers were only earning about 70 cents an hour at that time — 90 cents was the highest wage that they were earning. They didn't have toilets in the fields, they didn't have cold drinking water. They didn't have rest periods. People worked from sunup to sundown. It was really atrocious. And families were so poor. I think that's one of the things that really infuriated me. When I saw people in their homes — they had dirt floors. And the furniture was orange crates and cardboard boxes. People were so incredibly poor and they were working so hard. And the children were [suffering from malnutrition] and very ill-clothed and ill-fed. I said, \"This is wrong,\" because you saw how hard they were working, and yet they were not getting paid anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One thing that struck me while watching the documentary was the violence directed against farmworkers during the strike. Were you subjected to this violence? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, many times. We had violence directed at us by the growers themselves, trying to run us down by cars, pointing rifles at us, spraying the people when they were on the picket line with sulfur. And then we had violence by the Teamsters union with the goons that they hired at that time — and by the way, I have to say that the Teamsters union are OK today. [Editor's note: In 1970, the Teamsters union signed a deal with growers for access to organize farmworkers, undercutting the efforts of the United Farm Workers.] They came at us with two by fours. We had a lot of violence, definitely. And then I was beaten up by the police San Francisco [in 1988], which also is shown in the film. [During that incident, several of her ribs were broken and her recovery took months.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> In the documentary, we hear a lot of moving testimony from your children. And they obviously have a great deal of respect and admiration for you. But they also talk about the toll that the work took on the family when they were growing up. Was that something that weighed on you — the fact that that you were very much a pioneer, but the time that you spent on activism meant time away from your children? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that's something that all mothers have to deal with, especially single mothers. We work and we have to leave the kids behind. And I think that's one of the reasons that we, not only as women but as families, we have to advocate for early childhood education for all of our children. To make sure that they're taken care of but also educated in the process. Because we do need women in civic life. We do need women to run for office, to be in political office. We need a feminist to be at the table when decisions are being made so that the right decisions will be made. But you know, actually, in the farmworkers union — and the film doesn't really show this — we always had a daycare for children. Because when we did this strike, and especially when all of the people went on the march to Sacramento, the women had to take over the picket lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Because the men were marching to Sacramento?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, the women had to take over the strike. The women had to run all the picket lines. They had to do all the work that we were doing in the strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you feel that women working in the fields faced special challenges when you were organizing? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh absolutely, especially on the issue of pesticides. Because you know, the pesticides in the fields really affect women even more than they do men. They affect children and they affect women more than they do men. But we have had so many women that have cancer, so many children have been born with deformities. And men also that have died because they were spraying pesticides in the field and they died of lung cancer. This is a really, really big issue to this day for farmworkers. Because even though we were able to get many of the pesticides banned, they keep inventing new ones. And it was actually just a couple of months ago that a group of farmworkers working in a field near Bakersfield \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/may/17/pesticide-trump-ban-california-farm-workers-sick\">were poisoned\u003c/a>. And one of the pesticides that affected them was one that was recently taken off the restricted list by President Trump. [Editor's note: The Environmental Protection Agency, under President Obama, had concluded that the pesticide chlorpyrifos could pose a risk to consumers and proposed banning it. But a final decision was not made until March, when the Trump administration's EPA \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/03/29/521898976/will-the-epa-reject-a-pesticide-or-its-own-scientific-evidence\">reversed course\u003c/a> and said it would keep the pesticide on the market.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One of things in the documentary that stayed with me is that you say that for a long time, you didn't think it was right to take credit for your work. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know what? I've thought about that a lot. When we had our first constitutional convention for the National Farm Workers Association and we were having elections and Cesar [Chavez] was running the meeting, he stepped down from the dais and came up to me. He said, \"Who's going to nominate you for vice president?\" And I said, \"Oh, I don't have to be on the board. I just want to serve all the women out there.\" How many of us have thought that way?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he said, \"You're crazy.\" So I did — I grabbed somebody to nominate me. But if Cesar hadn't told me to, I wouldn't have thought about it. And I think that's a problem with us as women — we don't think we need to be in the power structure, that we need to be on those boards where decisions are being made. Sometimes we think well, I'm not really prepared to take that position or that role. But I say [to women out there]: Just do it like the guys do it — pretend that you know. And then you learn on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The slogan \"\u003cem>Sí\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cem> se puede\"\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> — \"Yes, we can\" — that was you. How did you come up with that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were in Arizona. We were organizing people in the community to come to support us. They had passed a law in Arizona that if you said, \"boycott,\" you could go to prison for six months. And if you said \"strike,\" you could go to prison. So we were trying to organize against that law. And I was speaking to a group of professionals in Arizona, to see if they could support us. And they said, \"Oh, here in Arizona you can't do any of that. In Arizona \u003cem>no se puede — \u003c/em>no you can't\u003cem>.\" \u003c/em>And I said, \"No, in Arizona \u003cem>sí se puede!\" \u003c/em>And when I went back to our meeting that we had every night there ... I gave that report to everybody and when I said, \"\u003cem>Sí se puede\u003c/em>,\" everybody started shouting, \"\u003cem>Sí se puede! Sí se puede!\"\u003c/em> And so that became the slogan of our campaign in Arizona and now is the slogan for the immigrant rights movement, you know, on posters. We can do it. I can do it. \u003cem>Sí\u003c/em>\u003cem> se puede\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>That must make you smile every time you hear it. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, it does. I always feel very happy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/120851/dolores-huerta-the-civil-rights-icon-who-showed-farmworkers-si-se-puede","authors":["byline_bayareabites_120851"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_11028","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_15968","bayareabites_3644"],"featImg":"bayareabites_120852","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_120072":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_120072","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"120072","score":null,"sort":[1503416067000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-their-own-words-oral-histories-of-california-farmworkers","title":"In Their Own Words: Oral Histories of California Farmworkers","publishDate":1503416067,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Journalist Gabriel Thompson collected the stories of 17 farmworkers who share the day-to-day struggles of life in the fields.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his 2011 book \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Working-Shadows-Year-Doing-Americans/dp/1568586388\">Working in the Shadows\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, journalist Gabriel Thompson spent a year doing “jobs (most) Americans won’t do.” Among these was a several-month stint harvesting lettuce alongside often-undocumented Latino immigrants. During that time, and while reporting other farmworker and labor stories, Thompson was struck by the resilience and skill he observed in the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 800,000 farmworkers in California make up over one-third of the national agricultural workforce. In his new book, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Chasing-Harvest-Migrant-California-Agriculture/dp/1786632217\">Chasing the Harvest: Migrant Workers in California Agriculture\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, Thompson shares the oral histories of 17 farmworkers, who, in their own words, provide a “birth-to-now” narrative explaining how they got to the U.S. and what their lives have been like ever since. (Civil Eats has also published \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2017/08/17/excerpt-chasing-the-harvest/\">an excerpt from the book\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While each oral history provides an intimate portrait, taken as a whole, these stories also underscore the importance of exposing the day-to-day struggles of life in the fields. This is especially true given how little protection most farmworkers have when reporting unsafe or unfair working conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We spoke with Thompson recently about his new book, fear among farmworkers under the Trump administration, and what gives him hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What did you hope this book would bring to light?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_120076\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-author-photo.jpg\" alt=\"Gabriel Thompson\" width=\"400\" height=\"507\" class=\"size-full wp-image-120076\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-author-photo.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-author-photo-160x203.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-author-photo-240x304.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-author-photo-375x475.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gabriel Thompson \u003ccite>(Pandora Young)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since we are often deeply disconnected from farmworkers, in terms of being far away from the fields and usually not knowing any personally, the book is a way to invite these 17 people into the readers’ living rooms and listen as they talk about their lives. As a journalist, I usually have to focus on whatever topic I’ve been assigned and usually those topics are pretty negative, such as pesticide poisoning or wage theft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are all real issues, but over the course of the last 10 years, I’ve also realized that most people have a lot more to say about their lives than their experiences with the one topic I’m there to discuss. The oral history format of this book works really well because it allows the narrators to take the conversations where they want. I enjoyed taking a step back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What surprised you about these interviews?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing that surprised me was how quickly people opened up. Often, within an hour or so, people were sharing very intimate details of their lives. And, by the end of many of these long conversations, several people also told me that they’d never talked about a lot of this before. That was striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of farm work, I was surprised that the drought was not on very many people’s minds. In California in particular, there have been a lot of stories about the drought and about jobs being lost in the fields. But it turns out that while there were some shifts in the kinds of crops that were harvested, the drought really didn’t come up much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Otherwise, while farmworkers have a lot of things pushing down on them—they’re travelling, they’re poor, they’re often undocumented—they also have this whole ecosystem of people and agencies supporting them. For the book, I interviewed an elementary school teacher who teaches migrant kids and who himself had grown up working in the fields. I also interviewed someone who runs a migrant Head Start program. And I came to understand that there are these networks of support that are critical for farmworkers and without which their already very challenging lives would become that much more so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You write that consistent education for farmworkers’ children has emerged as a pressing need. Can you say more?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-cover.jpg\" alt=\"Chasing The Harvest\" width=\"400\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-120077\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-cover.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-cover-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-cover-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-cover-375x563.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There wasn’t a single parent I spoke to who wasn’t focused on their kids’ education, which is not unique to farm work and goes back to a deeper motivation to come to the U.S. But for as much as all the parents in the book wanted their children to go to college, they also wanted their kids to understand how important being a farmworker was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One family in the book —a mom, dad, and daughter—does a joint oral history and the daughter was just finishing college but the dad was illiterate. Guadelupe, the young woman, talks about how working in the grape fields was an incredible learning experience for her. She came back from school, over four or five summers, to work in the fields, and her parents thought that was really important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s this tendency to tell the story of education as if young people need to get out of the fields, as if working in the fields is a waste of time. But while pretty much all the farmworkers I spoke to did not want their kids to stay in the fields for the next 30 years, they did want their kids to know that farm work was valuable. They wanted their kids to understand that when you have a salad, someone bent over and harvested that lettuce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In the introduction, you reference the 1965-1970 grape boycott, and the fact that more than 17 million Americans participated in order to support unionized farmworkers. What would you like to see American consumers stand up for today?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tough since you can’t just go to the grocery store and say, “I want the union produce.” But campaigns that support all low-wage workers, like boosting the minimum wage, definitely translate into better conditions in the fields. Things like the Coalition of Immokalee Workers’ \u003ca href=\"http://www.fairfoodprogram.org/\">Fair Food Program\u003c/a> have been really successful in building national consciousness around where food comes from, as well as involving farmers and farmworkers at the local level. What made the UFW grape boycott so strong was that you had workers in the field who were then also going into cities to talk about the work they did; it wasn’t just a consumer thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You conducted these interviews in 2016, before the election. What’s your sense of how the day-to-day has changed for farmworkers under this administration?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an incredible amount of fear. For example, one of the narrators in the book runs a migrant Head Start program in the Coachella Valley. When I initially visited her, the program was running at capacity, with 200 families on their waiting list. Childcare is always a huge issue for farmworkers and this program was very much in demand. But when I visited her after the election, this same program had closed one of their classrooms, due to a lack of kids and a recruiter was going door-to-door, trying to drum up more applicants. All around the Coachella Valley, where something like 99 percent of residents are of Latino descent, people aren’t going to church as much, they’re not going anywhere as much, which they definitely attribute to fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several people in the book who are undocumented. When I interviewed them, I asked if they wanted to use a pseudonym, but I was always told, “No, it’s fine. I want to use my real name.” But when I reached out to them again, in late November, right before the book went to press, they all decided to take a pseudonym. There’s always been insecurity, but now people feel that something much larger might happen, and they’re pulling away from those networks of support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Having completed this project, what are you feeling hopeful about?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to note that many farmworkers enjoy their work. Just like any job, there are parts of it that they’d rather do without, but they aren’t just miserable the whole time in the fields. And if people don’t realize that, then they miss out on a big part of the story. Despite being, in some ways, quite easy to exploit, farmworkers also stand up for one another. Something like confronting the abuse of a supervisor might be a relatively small thing that happens every day, but there is real solidarity among workers in the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of years ago, I spent two months working in the lettuce fields of Yuma, Arizona, and I saw that when a member of a crew had relative die and wanted to ship the body back to Mexico, folks would open up their wallets and give whatever they had. I don’t want to imply that farm work is the best job in the world, but I do want to be clear that many workers are empowered by the work they do, and they look out for one another. That’s going to be, especially over the next couple of year, what gets people through.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Journalist Gabriel Thompson collected the stories of 17 farmworkers who share the day-to-day struggles of life in the fields.\r\n\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1503430290,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1522},"headData":{"title":"In Their Own Words: Oral Histories of California Farmworkers | KQED","description":"Journalist Gabriel Thompson collected the stories of 17 farmworkers who share the day-to-day struggles of life in the fields.\r\n\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"120072 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=120072","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2017/08/22/in-their-own-words-oral-histories-of-california-farmworkers/","disqusTitle":"In Their Own Words: Oral Histories of California Farmworkers","nprByline":" \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/lschwabe/\">Liesl Schwabe,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/civileat/\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> ","path":"/bayareabites/120072/in-their-own-words-oral-histories-of-california-farmworkers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Journalist Gabriel Thompson collected the stories of 17 farmworkers who share the day-to-day struggles of life in the fields.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his 2011 book \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Working-Shadows-Year-Doing-Americans/dp/1568586388\">Working in the Shadows\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, journalist Gabriel Thompson spent a year doing “jobs (most) Americans won’t do.” Among these was a several-month stint harvesting lettuce alongside often-undocumented Latino immigrants. During that time, and while reporting other farmworker and labor stories, Thompson was struck by the resilience and skill he observed in the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 800,000 farmworkers in California make up over one-third of the national agricultural workforce. In his new book, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Chasing-Harvest-Migrant-California-Agriculture/dp/1786632217\">Chasing the Harvest: Migrant Workers in California Agriculture\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, Thompson shares the oral histories of 17 farmworkers, who, in their own words, provide a “birth-to-now” narrative explaining how they got to the U.S. and what their lives have been like ever since. (Civil Eats has also published \u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/2017/08/17/excerpt-chasing-the-harvest/\">an excerpt from the book\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While each oral history provides an intimate portrait, taken as a whole, these stories also underscore the importance of exposing the day-to-day struggles of life in the fields. This is especially true given how little protection most farmworkers have when reporting unsafe or unfair working conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We spoke with Thompson recently about his new book, fear among farmworkers under the Trump administration, and what gives him hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What did you hope this book would bring to light?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_120076\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-author-photo.jpg\" alt=\"Gabriel Thompson\" width=\"400\" height=\"507\" class=\"size-full wp-image-120076\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-author-photo.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-author-photo-160x203.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-author-photo-240x304.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-author-photo-375x475.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gabriel Thompson \u003ccite>(Pandora Young)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since we are often deeply disconnected from farmworkers, in terms of being far away from the fields and usually not knowing any personally, the book is a way to invite these 17 people into the readers’ living rooms and listen as they talk about their lives. As a journalist, I usually have to focus on whatever topic I’ve been assigned and usually those topics are pretty negative, such as pesticide poisoning or wage theft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are all real issues, but over the course of the last 10 years, I’ve also realized that most people have a lot more to say about their lives than their experiences with the one topic I’m there to discuss. The oral history format of this book works really well because it allows the narrators to take the conversations where they want. I enjoyed taking a step back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What surprised you about these interviews?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing that surprised me was how quickly people opened up. Often, within an hour or so, people were sharing very intimate details of their lives. And, by the end of many of these long conversations, several people also told me that they’d never talked about a lot of this before. That was striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of farm work, I was surprised that the drought was not on very many people’s minds. In California in particular, there have been a lot of stories about the drought and about jobs being lost in the fields. But it turns out that while there were some shifts in the kinds of crops that were harvested, the drought really didn’t come up much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Otherwise, while farmworkers have a lot of things pushing down on them—they’re travelling, they’re poor, they’re often undocumented—they also have this whole ecosystem of people and agencies supporting them. For the book, I interviewed an elementary school teacher who teaches migrant kids and who himself had grown up working in the fields. I also interviewed someone who runs a migrant Head Start program. And I came to understand that there are these networks of support that are critical for farmworkers and without which their already very challenging lives would become that much more so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You write that consistent education for farmworkers’ children has emerged as a pressing need. Can you say more?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-cover.jpg\" alt=\"Chasing The Harvest\" width=\"400\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-120077\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-cover.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-cover-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-cover-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/08/170817-chasing-the-harvest-cover-375x563.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There wasn’t a single parent I spoke to who wasn’t focused on their kids’ education, which is not unique to farm work and goes back to a deeper motivation to come to the U.S. But for as much as all the parents in the book wanted their children to go to college, they also wanted their kids to understand how important being a farmworker was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One family in the book —a mom, dad, and daughter—does a joint oral history and the daughter was just finishing college but the dad was illiterate. Guadelupe, the young woman, talks about how working in the grape fields was an incredible learning experience for her. She came back from school, over four or five summers, to work in the fields, and her parents thought that was really important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s this tendency to tell the story of education as if young people need to get out of the fields, as if working in the fields is a waste of time. But while pretty much all the farmworkers I spoke to did not want their kids to stay in the fields for the next 30 years, they did want their kids to know that farm work was valuable. They wanted their kids to understand that when you have a salad, someone bent over and harvested that lettuce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In the introduction, you reference the 1965-1970 grape boycott, and the fact that more than 17 million Americans participated in order to support unionized farmworkers. What would you like to see American consumers stand up for today?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tough since you can’t just go to the grocery store and say, “I want the union produce.” But campaigns that support all low-wage workers, like boosting the minimum wage, definitely translate into better conditions in the fields. Things like the Coalition of Immokalee Workers’ \u003ca href=\"http://www.fairfoodprogram.org/\">Fair Food Program\u003c/a> have been really successful in building national consciousness around where food comes from, as well as involving farmers and farmworkers at the local level. What made the UFW grape boycott so strong was that you had workers in the field who were then also going into cities to talk about the work they did; it wasn’t just a consumer thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You conducted these interviews in 2016, before the election. What’s your sense of how the day-to-day has changed for farmworkers under this administration?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an incredible amount of fear. For example, one of the narrators in the book runs a migrant Head Start program in the Coachella Valley. When I initially visited her, the program was running at capacity, with 200 families on their waiting list. Childcare is always a huge issue for farmworkers and this program was very much in demand. But when I visited her after the election, this same program had closed one of their classrooms, due to a lack of kids and a recruiter was going door-to-door, trying to drum up more applicants. All around the Coachella Valley, where something like 99 percent of residents are of Latino descent, people aren’t going to church as much, they’re not going anywhere as much, which they definitely attribute to fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several people in the book who are undocumented. When I interviewed them, I asked if they wanted to use a pseudonym, but I was always told, “No, it’s fine. I want to use my real name.” But when I reached out to them again, in late November, right before the book went to press, they all decided to take a pseudonym. There’s always been insecurity, but now people feel that something much larger might happen, and they’re pulling away from those networks of support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Having completed this project, what are you feeling hopeful about?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to note that many farmworkers enjoy their work. Just like any job, there are parts of it that they’d rather do without, but they aren’t just miserable the whole time in the fields. And if people don’t realize that, then they miss out on a big part of the story. Despite being, in some ways, quite easy to exploit, farmworkers also stand up for one another. Something like confronting the abuse of a supervisor might be a relatively small thing that happens every day, but there is real solidarity among workers in the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of years ago, I spent two months working in the lettuce fields of Yuma, Arizona, and I saw that when a member of a crew had relative die and wanted to ship the body back to Mexico, folks would open up their wallets and give whatever they had. I don’t want to imply that farm work is the best job in the world, but I do want to be clear that many workers are empowered by the work they do, and they look out for one another. That’s going to be, especially over the next couple of year, what gets people through.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/120072/in-their-own-words-oral-histories-of-california-farmworkers","authors":["byline_bayareabites_120072"],"categories":["bayareabites_2254","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_11028","bayareabites_10028"],"tags":["bayareabites_3644"],"featImg":"bayareabites_120078","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_110781":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_110781","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"110781","score":null,"sort":[1468619244000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground","title":"Inside The Lives Of Farmworkers: Top 5 Lessons I Learned On The Ground","publishDate":1468619244,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Most of us — and by \"us,\" I mean urban and suburban consumers like me — don't usually get to meet the people who pick our apples, oranges or strawberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So about a year ago, I decided to launch a series of stories about the people who harvest some of America's iconic seasonal foods. Many of these workers move from place to place, following the seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I visited workers who were harvesting \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/23/448579214/inside-the-life-of-an-apple-picker\">apples\u003c/a> in Pennsylvania, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/24/457203127/behind-your-holiday-sweet-potato-dish-hard-work-in-the-fields\">sweet potatoes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/13/484015376/for-pickers-blueberries-mean-easier-labor-but-more-upheaval\">blueberries\u003c/a> in North Carolina, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/28/464453958/guest-workers-legal-yet-not-quite-free-pick-floridas-oranges\">oranges\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/21/470424834/in-florida-strawberry-fields-are-not-forever\">strawberries\u003c/a> in Florida. In each place, I also talked to farmers who own those crops and hire the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I set a couple of rules for myself. I wouldn't contact workers through their employers, and I would not use them simply as stage props in stories about current political debates — such as the arguments over immigration, or pesticides, or minimum-wage rules. These were supposed to be stories about people and places, not government policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I got a lot of help from several groups that provide services to farmworkers and their families: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecmhsp.org/\">East Coast Migrant Head Start Project\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rcma.org/index.html\">Redlands Christian Migrant Association\u003c/a>; and \u003ca href=\"http://www.frls.org/\">Florida Rural Legal Services\u003c/a>. People at these organizations put me in touch with farmworker families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what did I learn? Here's a short list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. It's a hard life, but there's more to it than hardship.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no question that the life of a farmworker is tough — especially those who migrate from place to place, following the harvest. They move from one temporary home to another, carrying everything they own with them. The work is physically exhausting, poorly paid, and on top of that, it's completely uncertain. At any moment, workers can be told that they're not needed anymore. More than one farm employer has told me, \"Nobody wants their child to be a farmworker.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of that is particularly surprising. It fits with a familiar image of farmworkers that goes back at least to \u003cem>The Grapes of Wrath.\u003c/em> What did surprise me was how many of them told me that they enjoyed the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apple orchard is \"a free environment,\" Jose Martinez told me. \"You can express yourself, you can say anything you want.\" Several farmworkers told me that they were proud of their ability to do this work. They were good at it, and they knew it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. The big difficulty is not so much low wages — it's sporadic work.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworkers typically get paid by the pound, and the hourly wage, when they're working, sometimes isn't too shabby. Workers harvesting apples and blueberries, in particular, told me that when they were working fast and the trees or bushes were full of fruit, they could earn more than $20 an hour. As any freelancer or independent contractor knows, though, it's the time when you're not working that kills you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I visited Nabor Segundo and his wife, Rosalia Morales, they hadn't been able to harvest sweet potatoes on that day because it was raining and the ground was too wet. So they didn't get paid for that day. There can be days or entire weeks without work, when one crop is finished and the next one isn't yet ready for harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many farmworkers, a guarantee of steady work in one place could be more attractive than a small boost in their pay per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. The shortage of farmworkers is real.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fruit and vegetable farmers across the country are complaining about a growing shortage of farm laborers. The shortage is largely due to a slowdown in immigration from Mexico. From time to time, there are predictions of disaster, with crops rotting in the fields because there aren't enough people to harvest them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, this should force employers to compete for scarce workers, perhaps by offering higher wages. In fact, farm wages are rising in some places, though not dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers often argue that they can't afford to pay their workers more because they're competing against vegetable growers abroad, for instance in Mexico. They say that the U.S. has a choice: It can either import more farmworkers, keeping wages here low, or it will end up importing food from low-wage Mexican farms instead. So these farmers have been pushing for a new \"guest worker\" program that would allow them to bring in additional foreign workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on my conversations with workers, the choice is not quite that stark. Farmers are able to compete for workers, and some already are doing so. Workers told me about apple and strawberry growers who were known for paying well, providing good housing, and treating their workers fairly. Those farmers had little problem finding enough workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip Martin, an economist at the University of California, Davis, who's spent his professional life studying farm labor markets, says employers are adapting to the worker shortage in four different ways: offering incentives to workers and treating them better; bringing in technologies (like conveyor belts in the fields) that allow fewer workers to do the same amount of work; replacing workers with machines; and bringing in foreign workers using special visas, called H-2A visas, that are available for seasonal farm labor. The number of these \"guest workers\" has been increasing sharply in recent years. Martin estimates that they now account for 10 percent of \"long-season jobs on crop farms.\" They represent the majority of workers in Florida's citrus groves and North Carolina's sweet potato fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. That elephant sitting in the corner is legal status, aka \"papers.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These stories were about food and the people who harvest it, not immigration policy. I didn't generally ask these workers whether they were in the country legally — just as I don't generally ask scientists or corporate executives about their immigration status when I interview them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many listeners and readers, though, this was the most important question. They filled the comments sections on these stories with commentary about U.S. immigration policies and debated whether those workers — whom they assumed were in the U.S. illegally — should be here at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's an important question for those workers, too. It came up repeatedly in our conversations, unprompted, because it affects their ability to find housing, education and work. They mentioned the fear of getting stopped by police, because some workers don't have a driver's license. (In most states, you can't get a driver's license if you don't have the legal right to be in the country.) A few workers didn't want me to mention their full names. Some workers noted that their children are citizens, while they aren't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's pretty obvious, once you start spending time in the fields, that much of the American food system rests on a tacit agreement to disregard the law. Workers present Social Security cards that are not their own. Employers accept those cards while assuming that some of those documents are not valid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's one category of worker that's often held up as an above-board alternative. These are the \"guest workers\" who are in the country temporarily on H-2A visas. Yet I realized, when I actually visited farms that employed those workers, that some of those farms also are disregarding immigration rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before arranging the visas for H-2A workers, employers are supposed to advertise those jobs and offer them to any domestic American workers who are willing to take them. In reality, some farms now rely almost completely on H-2A workers, and they don't appear to be trying very hard to hire anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. There are fewer families on the move.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some of the Head Start centers that I visited, the number of migrant children enrolled has been declining. It's a sign that the lives of farmworkers are evolving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a regular survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Labor, the percentage of farmworkers who were \"settled\" in one community has been rising steadily in recent years, reaching 78 percent in 2012. That's up from 42 percent in 1998, when there was a surge of \"newcomers\" who had recently entered the country from Mexico. The percentage of farmworkers in this \"newcomer\" category has fallen from 20 percent in 2000 to just 2 percent in 2012. There's no longer a stream of new workers arriving from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Martin, the increasingly settled farmworker population is part of the reason why farms in some areas are having a hard time finding workers: Those workers aren't willing to make the trip anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, it's a positive trend. Farmworkers are settling into communities and establishing local connections. They're less likely to be hidden away in isolated \"work camps\" in far corners of orchards and fields. Bit by bit, those workers are coming out of the shadows of the American food economy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Most of us don't usually get to meet the people who pick our apples, oranges or other seasonal favorites. What are their lives and work like? Dan Charles has spent the past year finding out.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1468619244,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1517},"headData":{"title":"Inside The Lives Of Farmworkers: Top 5 Lessons I Learned On The Ground | KQED","description":"Most of us don't usually get to meet the people who pick our apples, oranges or other seasonal favorites. What are their lives and work like? Dan Charles has spent the past year finding out.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"110781 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=110781","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/07/15/inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground/","disqusTitle":"Inside The Lives Of Farmworkers: Top 5 Lessons I Learned On The Ground","nprImageCredit":"Dan Charles","nprByline":"Dan Charles, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"484967591","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=484967591&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/15/484967591/inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground?ft=nprml&f=484967591","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 15 Jul 2016 16:37:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 15 Jul 2016 14:59:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 15 Jul 2016 16:37:37 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/110781/inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Most of us — and by \"us,\" I mean urban and suburban consumers like me — don't usually get to meet the people who pick our apples, oranges or strawberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So about a year ago, I decided to launch a series of stories about the people who harvest some of America's iconic seasonal foods. Many of these workers move from place to place, following the seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I visited workers who were harvesting \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/23/448579214/inside-the-life-of-an-apple-picker\">apples\u003c/a> in Pennsylvania, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/24/457203127/behind-your-holiday-sweet-potato-dish-hard-work-in-the-fields\">sweet potatoes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/13/484015376/for-pickers-blueberries-mean-easier-labor-but-more-upheaval\">blueberries\u003c/a> in North Carolina, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/28/464453958/guest-workers-legal-yet-not-quite-free-pick-floridas-oranges\">oranges\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/21/470424834/in-florida-strawberry-fields-are-not-forever\">strawberries\u003c/a> in Florida. In each place, I also talked to farmers who own those crops and hire the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I set a couple of rules for myself. I wouldn't contact workers through their employers, and I would not use them simply as stage props in stories about current political debates — such as the arguments over immigration, or pesticides, or minimum-wage rules. These were supposed to be stories about people and places, not government policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I got a lot of help from several groups that provide services to farmworkers and their families: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecmhsp.org/\">East Coast Migrant Head Start Project\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rcma.org/index.html\">Redlands Christian Migrant Association\u003c/a>; and \u003ca href=\"http://www.frls.org/\">Florida Rural Legal Services\u003c/a>. People at these organizations put me in touch with farmworker families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what did I learn? Here's a short list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. It's a hard life, but there's more to it than hardship.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no question that the life of a farmworker is tough — especially those who migrate from place to place, following the harvest. They move from one temporary home to another, carrying everything they own with them. The work is physically exhausting, poorly paid, and on top of that, it's completely uncertain. At any moment, workers can be told that they're not needed anymore. More than one farm employer has told me, \"Nobody wants their child to be a farmworker.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of that is particularly surprising. It fits with a familiar image of farmworkers that goes back at least to \u003cem>The Grapes of Wrath.\u003c/em> What did surprise me was how many of them told me that they enjoyed the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apple orchard is \"a free environment,\" Jose Martinez told me. \"You can express yourself, you can say anything you want.\" Several farmworkers told me that they were proud of their ability to do this work. They were good at it, and they knew it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. The big difficulty is not so much low wages — it's sporadic work.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworkers typically get paid by the pound, and the hourly wage, when they're working, sometimes isn't too shabby. Workers harvesting apples and blueberries, in particular, told me that when they were working fast and the trees or bushes were full of fruit, they could earn more than $20 an hour. As any freelancer or independent contractor knows, though, it's the time when you're not working that kills you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I visited Nabor Segundo and his wife, Rosalia Morales, they hadn't been able to harvest sweet potatoes on that day because it was raining and the ground was too wet. So they didn't get paid for that day. There can be days or entire weeks without work, when one crop is finished and the next one isn't yet ready for harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many farmworkers, a guarantee of steady work in one place could be more attractive than a small boost in their pay per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. The shortage of farmworkers is real.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fruit and vegetable farmers across the country are complaining about a growing shortage of farm laborers. The shortage is largely due to a slowdown in immigration from Mexico. From time to time, there are predictions of disaster, with crops rotting in the fields because there aren't enough people to harvest them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, this should force employers to compete for scarce workers, perhaps by offering higher wages. In fact, farm wages are rising in some places, though not dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers often argue that they can't afford to pay their workers more because they're competing against vegetable growers abroad, for instance in Mexico. They say that the U.S. has a choice: It can either import more farmworkers, keeping wages here low, or it will end up importing food from low-wage Mexican farms instead. So these farmers have been pushing for a new \"guest worker\" program that would allow them to bring in additional foreign workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on my conversations with workers, the choice is not quite that stark. Farmers are able to compete for workers, and some already are doing so. Workers told me about apple and strawberry growers who were known for paying well, providing good housing, and treating their workers fairly. Those farmers had little problem finding enough workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip Martin, an economist at the University of California, Davis, who's spent his professional life studying farm labor markets, says employers are adapting to the worker shortage in four different ways: offering incentives to workers and treating them better; bringing in technologies (like conveyor belts in the fields) that allow fewer workers to do the same amount of work; replacing workers with machines; and bringing in foreign workers using special visas, called H-2A visas, that are available for seasonal farm labor. The number of these \"guest workers\" has been increasing sharply in recent years. Martin estimates that they now account for 10 percent of \"long-season jobs on crop farms.\" They represent the majority of workers in Florida's citrus groves and North Carolina's sweet potato fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. That elephant sitting in the corner is legal status, aka \"papers.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These stories were about food and the people who harvest it, not immigration policy. I didn't generally ask these workers whether they were in the country legally — just as I don't generally ask scientists or corporate executives about their immigration status when I interview them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many listeners and readers, though, this was the most important question. They filled the comments sections on these stories with commentary about U.S. immigration policies and debated whether those workers — whom they assumed were in the U.S. illegally — should be here at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's an important question for those workers, too. It came up repeatedly in our conversations, unprompted, because it affects their ability to find housing, education and work. They mentioned the fear of getting stopped by police, because some workers don't have a driver's license. (In most states, you can't get a driver's license if you don't have the legal right to be in the country.) A few workers didn't want me to mention their full names. Some workers noted that their children are citizens, while they aren't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's pretty obvious, once you start spending time in the fields, that much of the American food system rests on a tacit agreement to disregard the law. Workers present Social Security cards that are not their own. Employers accept those cards while assuming that some of those documents are not valid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's one category of worker that's often held up as an above-board alternative. These are the \"guest workers\" who are in the country temporarily on H-2A visas. Yet I realized, when I actually visited farms that employed those workers, that some of those farms also are disregarding immigration rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before arranging the visas for H-2A workers, employers are supposed to advertise those jobs and offer them to any domestic American workers who are willing to take them. In reality, some farms now rely almost completely on H-2A workers, and they don't appear to be trying very hard to hire anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. There are fewer families on the move.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some of the Head Start centers that I visited, the number of migrant children enrolled has been declining. It's a sign that the lives of farmworkers are evolving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a regular survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Labor, the percentage of farmworkers who were \"settled\" in one community has been rising steadily in recent years, reaching 78 percent in 2012. That's up from 42 percent in 1998, when there was a surge of \"newcomers\" who had recently entered the country from Mexico. The percentage of farmworkers in this \"newcomer\" category has fallen from 20 percent in 2000 to just 2 percent in 2012. There's no longer a stream of new workers arriving from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Martin, the increasingly settled farmworker population is part of the reason why farms in some areas are having a hard time finding workers: Those workers aren't willing to make the trip anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, it's a positive trend. Farmworkers are settling into communities and establishing local connections. They're less likely to be hidden away in isolated \"work camps\" in far corners of orchards and fields. Bit by bit, those workers are coming out of the shadows of the American food economy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/110781/inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground","authors":["byline_bayareabites_110781"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874"],"tags":["bayareabites_134","bayareabites_2143","bayareabites_1057","bayareabites_3644","bayareabites_14177"],"featImg":"bayareabites_110782","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_106359":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_106359","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"106359","score":null,"sort":[1454003634000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"guest-workers-legal-yet-not-quite-free-pick-floridas-oranges","title":"Guest Workers, Legal Yet Not Quite Free, Pick Florida's Oranges","publishDate":1454003634,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story on NPR's \"The Salt\":\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2016/01/20160128_me_guest_workers_legal_yet_not_quite_free_pick_floridas_oranges.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In citrus-growing areas, you see lots of old converted school buses on the road; these are company buses, carrying the workers who will harvest oranges and grapefruit. And in the evening, some of those buses roll into a truck stop on a two-lane country road south of the town of LaBelle. Young men scramble out, trot into the store and line up at the taco counter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where I met Esteban Gonzalez and his brother Isaac, from the Mexican state of Veracruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are part of a small army of \"guest\" workers who now pick most of Florida's citrus crop. Employers are allowed to bring in such seasonal farmworkers from other countries using a category of visa called H-2A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For employers, the program involves some extra costs: They have to provide free housing for H-2A workers, and cover the costs of transportation here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also have to pay a wage that the federal government considers fair. But the good thing — if you're an employer — is that workers on H-2As are only allowed to work for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_106362\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-400x277.jpg\" alt=\"Esteban Gonzalez has spent most of each year, for the past eight years, as a guest worker in Florida. His family remains back home in Veracruz, Mexico.\" width=\"400\" height=\"277\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-106362\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-400x277.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-800x554.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-768x532.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-1440x997.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-1180x817.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-960x664.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Esteban Gonzalez has spent most of each year, for the past eight years, as a guest worker in Florida. His family remains back home in Veracruz, Mexico.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And this is the reason that the H-2A program has become increasingly popular, especially among citrus growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way Justin Sorrells tells the story it began with a single moment, 17 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were harvesting one of our family groves, with a harvesting crew,\" Sorrells says, \"and directly across the street, there was another grove owner who was having trouble getting labor. So he walked across the street, went to our harvest crew, and offered them a nickel more per box to pick his oranges instead of ours. And the crew did that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that was the day my father said, 'This is it. We have got to have more reliability in our labor force,' \" Sorrells says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His father could have offered the workers who had defected a little more money. But Sorrells says that would have led to never-ending negotiations with every work crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have been 100 percent H-2A since that day,\" Sorrells says. \"We were the first company in the state of Florida to utilize H-2A labor in citrus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were the first of many. Just in the past five years, use of H-2A workers has boomed. Sorrells estimates that 85 percent of the workers currently picking citrus crops in Florida are foreign guest workers. It's expanding into other crops, too. Nationwide, about 140,000 farm jobs were filled by H-2A workers last year; that's twice what it was four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esteban Gonzalez says he accepted the offer to come to Florida because there's not much work back home. Here in Florida, he's guaranteed a wage of $10.70 an hour and can earn more if he's a fast picker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's done this for part of every year since 2007. This year, his contract calls for him to spend eight months in the U.S. During the last two months of his stay, a labor contractor will take him by bus to Georgia to pick melons, and then to Indiana to detassel corn (a labor-intensive step in the production of hybrid corn seed).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_106363\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-8_enl-d2574d18c6b05b42fb56d5543cd7367bf4088887-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Some employers build special housing compounds just for their H-2A workers. About 300 workers live in this fenced compound.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-106363\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some employers build special housing compounds just for their H-2A workers. About 300 workers live in this fenced compound. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When he's in Florida, he lives in a fenced housing compound behind the truck stop in LaBelle, in one of 30 identical yellow houses that were built to house H-2A workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the back there's a room where 10 workers sleep. A couple of mattresses are just lying on the floor. In the front, there's a kitchen, but it's not very useful at the moment. The gas stove doesn't work at all, and the refrigerator isn't keeping things cool. There's a gallon container of milk, about a quarter full, sitting on the kitchen table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buses take these workers everywhere: to the citrus groves in the morning and back here again in the evening, with a stop along the way to pick up food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an austere life, but Gonzalez says he's really only here to work. In fact, his main complaint is that there's not enough work. A disease called citrus greening has cut into Florida's harvest. \"Last year and this one have been very difficult,\" Gonzalez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this particular day, for instance, his work crew was assigned to pick one section of a grove, and it took only three hours, so he earned only about $30 for the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has happened a lot, he says, and he does feel a little trapped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_106360\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-3_enl-4d00f6f8b1b60d31ad988fd9d873d9a6ac90dc62-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Harvesting oranges near Arcadia, Fla. The sacks that workers carry weigh about 90 pounds when they are full of fruit.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-106360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harvesting oranges near Arcadia, Fla. The sacks that workers carry weigh about 90 pounds when they are full of fruit. \u003ccite>( Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is one of the biggest \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmworkerjustice.org/sites/default/files/documents/7.2.a.6%20No%20Way%20To%20Treat%20A%20Guest%20H-2A%20Report.pdf\">criticisms\u003c/a> of the guest worker program: that these workers are bound to work for a single employer, and are dependent on that employer for work, housing and transportation for the entire period of the contract. They can choose not to return next year. But for the term of their contract, they're stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://are.ucdavis.edu/en/people/faculty/emeriti/philip-martin/\">Philip Martin\u003c/a>, an economist at the University of California, Davis, who has spent most of his professional life studying the situation of farmworkers, says the freedom to find a better deal can be really important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The biggest thing that has helped farmworkers has not been unions,\" he says. \"It's been cellphones. Because they can call each other and say, 'Hey this guy's paying a little more per bin than over there,' and workers can move.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin expects the number of H-2A workers to keep growing. He thinks they already make up about 10 percent of the agricultural workforce and could reach 20 percent, even though employers are expected to hire U.S. workers first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It means that these two groups — foreign guest workers and domestic workers — will increasingly work side-by-side, while living very different lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many domestic farmworkers also came to the U.S. from other countries. It's estimated, in fact, that about half of them are in the U.S. illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's actually hard to say who's better off: The H-2A worker or the undocumented domestic worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met one of those U.S. workers, named Jaime. He spent 15 years working in citrus, but switched this year to other crops, in part because citrus greening disease has made the citrus harvest less attractive for workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike an H-2A worker, he gets to decide how much he'll work, and where he'll work. Also, he points out, he has a real life here, and a family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pulls out his smartphone and plays me a recording of his daughter practicing for a presentation at school. This daughter was born here; she is a citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We listen together as his daughter talks about her dreams. \"My ultimate goal is to become a pediatrician,\" she says. \"I like helping people out, whether it's dedicating my free hours to help out in the community, at my church, and helping to tutor younger children after school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But another aspect of his life is fear — enough fear that he did not want me to use his full name. He and a couple of his other children are not here legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the H-2A side of this divide, Esteban Gonzalez, from Veracruz, says he prefers being here in the country legally. \"Just to have papers; it's better to be legal,\" he says. He pulls out his passport, and shows me the visa that's proof of his right to be here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez has a family, too. That family, back in Veracruz, is a big reason why he's here. \"I have a son in university, and a daughter in high school,\" he says. If I was there, I wouldn't be able to pay her semester fees, his university fees. I'm able to help the kids get ahead, that's what the U.S. allows me to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked each of these workers, \"Which of you has a better life?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And each worker preferred his own life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But each one also said that what he'd really like would be to live here legally, yet also have the freedom to choose his own job. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Most workers who are picking oranges in Florida are temporary \"guest\" workers from Mexico. They have signed contracts to work only for growers who arranged their visas and provide their housing.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1454003634,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":1464},"headData":{"title":"Guest Workers, Legal Yet Not Quite Free, Pick Florida's Oranges | KQED","description":"Most workers who are picking oranges in Florida are temporary "guest" workers from Mexico. They have signed contracts to work only for growers who arranged their visas and provide their housing.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"106359 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=106359","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/01/28/guest-workers-legal-yet-not-quite-free-pick-floridas-oranges/","disqusTitle":"Guest Workers, Legal Yet Not Quite Free, Pick Florida's Oranges","nprByline":"Dan Charles, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Dan Charles/NPR","nprStoryId":"464453958","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=464453958&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/28/464453958/guest-workers-legal-yet-not-quite-free-pick-floridas-oranges?ft=nprml&f=464453958","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 28 Jan 2016 10:31:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 28 Jan 2016 04:59:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 28 Jan 2016 10:31:49 -0500","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2016/01/20160128_me_guest_workers_legal_yet_not_quite_free_pick_floridas_oranges.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=422&p=3&story=464453958&t=progseg&e=464657257&seg=4&ft=nprml&f=464453958","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1464664801-308099.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=422&p=3&story=464453958&t=progseg&e=464657257&seg=4&ft=nprml&f=464453958","path":"/bayareabites/106359/guest-workers-legal-yet-not-quite-free-pick-floridas-oranges","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2016/01/20160128_me_guest_workers_legal_yet_not_quite_free_pick_floridas_oranges.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story on NPR's \"The Salt\":\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2016/01/20160128_me_guest_workers_legal_yet_not_quite_free_pick_floridas_oranges.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In citrus-growing areas, you see lots of old converted school buses on the road; these are company buses, carrying the workers who will harvest oranges and grapefruit. And in the evening, some of those buses roll into a truck stop on a two-lane country road south of the town of LaBelle. Young men scramble out, trot into the store and line up at the taco counter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where I met Esteban Gonzalez and his brother Isaac, from the Mexican state of Veracruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are part of a small army of \"guest\" workers who now pick most of Florida's citrus crop. Employers are allowed to bring in such seasonal farmworkers from other countries using a category of visa called H-2A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For employers, the program involves some extra costs: They have to provide free housing for H-2A workers, and cover the costs of transportation here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also have to pay a wage that the federal government considers fair. But the good thing — if you're an employer — is that workers on H-2As are only allowed to work for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_106362\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-400x277.jpg\" alt=\"Esteban Gonzalez has spent most of each year, for the past eight years, as a guest worker in Florida. His family remains back home in Veracruz, Mexico.\" width=\"400\" height=\"277\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-106362\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-400x277.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-800x554.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-768x532.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-1440x997.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-1180x817.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-7_enl-998cb65e2bd10740c0dcd3999804eba3e3d6d8d6-960x664.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Esteban Gonzalez has spent most of each year, for the past eight years, as a guest worker in Florida. His family remains back home in Veracruz, Mexico.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And this is the reason that the H-2A program has become increasingly popular, especially among citrus growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way Justin Sorrells tells the story it began with a single moment, 17 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were harvesting one of our family groves, with a harvesting crew,\" Sorrells says, \"and directly across the street, there was another grove owner who was having trouble getting labor. So he walked across the street, went to our harvest crew, and offered them a nickel more per box to pick his oranges instead of ours. And the crew did that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that was the day my father said, 'This is it. We have got to have more reliability in our labor force,' \" Sorrells says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His father could have offered the workers who had defected a little more money. But Sorrells says that would have led to never-ending negotiations with every work crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have been 100 percent H-2A since that day,\" Sorrells says. \"We were the first company in the state of Florida to utilize H-2A labor in citrus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were the first of many. Just in the past five years, use of H-2A workers has boomed. Sorrells estimates that 85 percent of the workers currently picking citrus crops in Florida are foreign guest workers. It's expanding into other crops, too. Nationwide, about 140,000 farm jobs were filled by H-2A workers last year; that's twice what it was four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esteban Gonzalez says he accepted the offer to come to Florida because there's not much work back home. Here in Florida, he's guaranteed a wage of $10.70 an hour and can earn more if he's a fast picker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's done this for part of every year since 2007. This year, his contract calls for him to spend eight months in the U.S. During the last two months of his stay, a labor contractor will take him by bus to Georgia to pick melons, and then to Indiana to detassel corn (a labor-intensive step in the production of hybrid corn seed).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_106363\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-8_enl-d2574d18c6b05b42fb56d5543cd7367bf4088887-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Some employers build special housing compounds just for their H-2A workers. About 300 workers live in this fenced compound.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-106363\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some employers build special housing compounds just for their H-2A workers. About 300 workers live in this fenced compound. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When he's in Florida, he lives in a fenced housing compound behind the truck stop in LaBelle, in one of 30 identical yellow houses that were built to house H-2A workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the back there's a room where 10 workers sleep. A couple of mattresses are just lying on the floor. In the front, there's a kitchen, but it's not very useful at the moment. The gas stove doesn't work at all, and the refrigerator isn't keeping things cool. There's a gallon container of milk, about a quarter full, sitting on the kitchen table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buses take these workers everywhere: to the citrus groves in the morning and back here again in the evening, with a stop along the way to pick up food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an austere life, but Gonzalez says he's really only here to work. In fact, his main complaint is that there's not enough work. A disease called citrus greening has cut into Florida's harvest. \"Last year and this one have been very difficult,\" Gonzalez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this particular day, for instance, his work crew was assigned to pick one section of a grove, and it took only three hours, so he earned only about $30 for the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has happened a lot, he says, and he does feel a little trapped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_106360\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/01/citrus-3_enl-4d00f6f8b1b60d31ad988fd9d873d9a6ac90dc62-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Harvesting oranges near Arcadia, Fla. The sacks that workers carry weigh about 90 pounds when they are full of fruit.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-106360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harvesting oranges near Arcadia, Fla. The sacks that workers carry weigh about 90 pounds when they are full of fruit. \u003ccite>( Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is one of the biggest \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmworkerjustice.org/sites/default/files/documents/7.2.a.6%20No%20Way%20To%20Treat%20A%20Guest%20H-2A%20Report.pdf\">criticisms\u003c/a> of the guest worker program: that these workers are bound to work for a single employer, and are dependent on that employer for work, housing and transportation for the entire period of the contract. They can choose not to return next year. But for the term of their contract, they're stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://are.ucdavis.edu/en/people/faculty/emeriti/philip-martin/\">Philip Martin\u003c/a>, an economist at the University of California, Davis, who has spent most of his professional life studying the situation of farmworkers, says the freedom to find a better deal can be really important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The biggest thing that has helped farmworkers has not been unions,\" he says. \"It's been cellphones. Because they can call each other and say, 'Hey this guy's paying a little more per bin than over there,' and workers can move.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin expects the number of H-2A workers to keep growing. He thinks they already make up about 10 percent of the agricultural workforce and could reach 20 percent, even though employers are expected to hire U.S. workers first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It means that these two groups — foreign guest workers and domestic workers — will increasingly work side-by-side, while living very different lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many domestic farmworkers also came to the U.S. from other countries. It's estimated, in fact, that about half of them are in the U.S. illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's actually hard to say who's better off: The H-2A worker or the undocumented domestic worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met one of those U.S. workers, named Jaime. He spent 15 years working in citrus, but switched this year to other crops, in part because citrus greening disease has made the citrus harvest less attractive for workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike an H-2A worker, he gets to decide how much he'll work, and where he'll work. Also, he points out, he has a real life here, and a family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pulls out his smartphone and plays me a recording of his daughter practicing for a presentation at school. This daughter was born here; she is a citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We listen together as his daughter talks about her dreams. \"My ultimate goal is to become a pediatrician,\" she says. \"I like helping people out, whether it's dedicating my free hours to help out in the community, at my church, and helping to tutor younger children after school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But another aspect of his life is fear — enough fear that he did not want me to use his full name. He and a couple of his other children are not here legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the H-2A side of this divide, Esteban Gonzalez, from Veracruz, says he prefers being here in the country legally. \"Just to have papers; it's better to be legal,\" he says. He pulls out his passport, and shows me the visa that's proof of his right to be here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez has a family, too. That family, back in Veracruz, is a big reason why he's here. \"I have a son in university, and a daughter in high school,\" he says. If I was there, I wouldn't be able to pay her semester fees, his university fees. I'm able to help the kids get ahead, that's what the U.S. allows me to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked each of these workers, \"Which of you has a better life?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And each worker preferred his own life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But each one also said that what he'd really like would be to live here legally, yet also have the freedom to choose his own job. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/106359/guest-workers-legal-yet-not-quite-free-pick-floridas-oranges","authors":["byline_bayareabites_106359"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10916"],"tags":["bayareabites_15243","bayareabites_3644","bayareabites_15241","bayareabites_15242","bayareabites_14177"],"featImg":"bayareabites_106361","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_101391":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_101391","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"101391","score":null,"sort":[1443499523000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"epa-announces-new-rules-to-protect-farmworkers-from-pesticides","title":"EPA Announces New Rules To Protect Farmworkers From Pesticides","publishDate":1443499523,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency has \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-safety/revisions-worker-protection-standard#when\">released\u003c/a> a final version of updated rules intended to keep farmworkers from being poisoned by pesticides. The previous \"worker protection standard\" for farms has been in effect since 1992.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules require farms to make a host of changes. Employers will have to train workers on the risks of pesticides every year, rather than every five years. Workers will have to stay farther away from contaminated fields. Farmers will have to keep more records on exactly when and where they used specific pesticides. And no children under the age of 18 will be allowed to handle the chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's very little solid data on exactly how many workers are exposed to hazardous levels of pesticides, though the EPA estimates that 10,000 to 20,000 workers may be poisoned by pesticides each year. Many others are exposed to hazardous chemicals but experience less severe symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworker advocates praised the new rules. \"We've been fighting for more than 20 years from some of these improvements,\" says Virginia Ruiz, director of occupational and environmental health at \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmworkerjustice.org/\">Farmworker Justice\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new rules do not go as far as some had hoped. They do not, for instance, require routine medical monitoring of workers who specialize in applying the most dangerous pesticides. Both California and Washington require such monitoring, and these programs have identified workers who had been been exposed to pesticides and were at risk for developing more serious health problems. The EPA, however, \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/agricultural_worker_protection_standard_revisions.pdf\">decided\u003c/a> that requiring such monitoring across the nation would cost too much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also decided not to demand that employers and pesticide manufacturers translate their safety documents into Spanish or other languages that workers \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/07/17/203015727/how-to-better-protect-farm-workers-from-pesticides-use-spanish\">may understand\u003c/a> better than English. According to the EPA, there's little convincing evidence that such a requirement would improve safety, although the agency still \"encourages ... employers to display this information in such a way that workers and handlers can understand, including translation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California and Washington already have adopted, through state regulation, many of the rules that the EPA now wants to put in place nationwide. The EPA rules will take effect about 14 months from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules will not apply, however, to farm owners and their immediate families. This was intended to reduce the regulatory burden on small, family-operated farms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The federal government is requiring farmers to keep more records on exactly when and where they used specific pesticides. And no children under the age of 18 will be allowed to handle the chemicals.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443499523,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":392},"headData":{"title":"EPA Announces New Rules To Protect Farmworkers From Pesticides | KQED","description":"The federal government is requiring farmers to keep more records on exactly when and where they used specific pesticides. And no children under the age of 18 will be allowed to handle the chemicals.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"101391 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=101391","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/09/28/epa-announces-new-rules-to-protect-farmworkers-from-pesticides/","disqusTitle":"EPA Announces New Rules To Protect Farmworkers From Pesticides","source":"Health and Politics","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/politics-activism-food-safety/","nprByline":"Dan Charles, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/npr-food/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"444220963","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=444220963&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/09/28/444220963/epa-announces-new-rules-to-protect-farmworkers-from-pesticides?ft=nprml&f=444220963","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 28 Sep 2015 18:09:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 28 Sep 2015 18:09:22 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 28 Sep 2015 18:09:22 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/101391/epa-announces-new-rules-to-protect-farmworkers-from-pesticides","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency has \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-safety/revisions-worker-protection-standard#when\">released\u003c/a> a final version of updated rules intended to keep farmworkers from being poisoned by pesticides. The previous \"worker protection standard\" for farms has been in effect since 1992.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules require farms to make a host of changes. Employers will have to train workers on the risks of pesticides every year, rather than every five years. Workers will have to stay farther away from contaminated fields. Farmers will have to keep more records on exactly when and where they used specific pesticides. And no children under the age of 18 will be allowed to handle the chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's very little solid data on exactly how many workers are exposed to hazardous levels of pesticides, though the EPA estimates that 10,000 to 20,000 workers may be poisoned by pesticides each year. Many others are exposed to hazardous chemicals but experience less severe symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworker advocates praised the new rules. \"We've been fighting for more than 20 years from some of these improvements,\" says Virginia Ruiz, director of occupational and environmental health at \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmworkerjustice.org/\">Farmworker Justice\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new rules do not go as far as some had hoped. They do not, for instance, require routine medical monitoring of workers who specialize in applying the most dangerous pesticides. Both California and Washington require such monitoring, and these programs have identified workers who had been been exposed to pesticides and were at risk for developing more serious health problems. The EPA, however, \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/agricultural_worker_protection_standard_revisions.pdf\">decided\u003c/a> that requiring such monitoring across the nation would cost too much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also decided not to demand that employers and pesticide manufacturers translate their safety documents into Spanish or other languages that workers \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/07/17/203015727/how-to-better-protect-farm-workers-from-pesticides-use-spanish\">may understand\u003c/a> better than English. According to the EPA, there's little convincing evidence that such a requirement would improve safety, although the agency still \"encourages ... employers to display this information in such a way that workers and handlers can understand, including translation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California and Washington already have adopted, through state regulation, many of the rules that the EPA now wants to put in place nationwide. The EPA rules will take effect about 14 months from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules will not apply, however, to farm owners and their immediate families. This was intended to reduce the regulatory burden on small, family-operated farms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/101391/epa-announces-new-rules-to-protect-farmworkers-from-pesticides","authors":["byline_bayareabites_101391"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_11952","bayareabites_3644","bayareabites_11445"],"featImg":"bayareabites_101392","label":"source_bayareabites_101391"},"bayareabites_67952":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_67952","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"67952","score":null,"sort":[1376064107000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-picking-your-berries-for-8000-a-year-hurts-a-lot","title":"Why Picking Your Berries for $8,000 a Year Hurts a Lot","publishDate":1376064107,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67958\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/farmworkers.jpeg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/farmworkers.jpeg\" alt=\"Marcelina, a Triqui Mexican, picks strawberries at a farm in Washington State. Photo: Courtesy of Seth M. Holmes\" width=\"1120\" height=\"742\" class=\"size-full wp-image-67958\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marcelina, a Triqui Mexican, picks strawberries at a farm in Washington State. Photo: Courtesy of Seth M. Holmes\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/09/209925420/why-picking-your-berries-for-8-000-a-year-hurts-a-lot\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (8/9/2013)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the supply chain that delivers our food to us gets longer and more complicated, many consumers want to understand – and control – where their food comes from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if we meet farmers at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/08/30/160303008/on-the-farmers-market-frontier-its-not-just-about-profit\">farmers market\u003c/a>, urban consumers are still largely divorced from the people who grow, pick and package our food. And we may even willfully ignore their suffering, argues \u003ca href=\"http://sph.berkeley.edu/faculty/holmes.php\">Seth Holmes\u003c/a>, a medical anthropologist and professor of health and social behavior at the University of California, Berkeley, in his provocative new book, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520275140\">Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For two summers between 2003 and 2005, Holmes lived on a farm in the Skagit Valley of Washington state. The farm produces strawberries, apples, raspberries and blueberries to sell to berry companies like Driscoll and dairy companies like Häagen-Dazs. He traveled there with a group of Triqui Indians, across the border from their hometown of San Miguel in Oaxaca, Mexico. As Holmes soon learned, the Triquis make up the very bottom rung of the agricultural labor ladder and earn between $5,000-$8,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes stayed in the camp with the other laborers, in a shack with a tin roof and no insulation. Over the winter, he traveled with the Triquis to Madera, Calif., to prune grapevines in a vineyard. In 2005, Holmes went back to medical school, but he has continued to visit the same workers nearly every year since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the berry farm, Holmes picked fruit once or twice a week; the Triqui workers picked seven days a week, rain or shine, without a day off. And that took a heavy toll on their bodies: back and knee pain, slipped disks, type 2 diabetes, premature births. As one Triqui worker he calls Abelino told him, \"You pick with your hands bent over kneeling, your back hurts; you get knee pains and [hip] pains ... You suffer a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We talked to Holmes about his time with the Triquis; here's part of our conversation, edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What was the most surprising or shocking aspect of the food system that you uncovered in your research?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before I did the research, I had a sense of the hierarchy of people involved in the food labor chain. But over the course of the first five months, it became clear that the hierarchy is much more detailed and subtle. There are indigenous Mexicans [like the Triqui] who occupy the rung with the most demanding physical labor – they're the ones who are bent over picking. The \u003cem>mestizos\u003c/em> operate the machines – that's not quite as demanding. Then the U.S.-born Latinos are in charge of some things, and use English and Spanish. The white Americans have the most control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What was troubling was that people on every rung of hierarchy are legitimizing and justifying it. Farmworkers are doing that, too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think that hierarchy is representative of farms in other states in the U.S.?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it is. The indigenous people from Mexico and Central America have the least powerful position. The system is different in California, because farms tend to hire \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4865345\">a contractor\u003c/a> to get big fields picked or pruned. The contractor goes out and finds laborers, and in my field research, I found that system to be worse in the sense that farmworkers are not paid directly by the farm. There's no paper trail. When we were in California, every time we pruned, we were paid less than minimum wage. With that system, labor laws are less likely to be enforced. But in Washington state, the farmworkers were hired directly by farmers, who were more likely to pay minimum wage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think that the American public cares about the labor required to produce our food?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We talk so little about the people who do the work that gives us the fresh fruit and vegetables that we want. Farmworkers are pretty hidden, and there's a concept from John Paul Sarte, the French philosopher, called \u003ca href=\"http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sartre/\">bad faith\u003c/a>, meaning self-deception. My simplified version of that is that we consciously hide from ourselves the difficult realities of the workers. We somewhat know them, but we don't think about them much. In that way it seems like 'communal bad faith.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you think the people in the food movement calling for changes in the industrial food system don't talk \u003cstrong>much\u003c/strong> about the labor issues?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On some level, a lot of the food movement is concerned with, \"How does this food affect me and my body? Are there hormones in it? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/07/11/are-antibiotics-on-the-farm-risky-business/\">Antibiotics\u003c/a>? Pesticides?\" But the workers who are harvesting the food and spraying the pesticides — their bodies are human, too. Ideally, we would think about them and what's going into that work. If there are ways that we, as consumers, can lend a voice towards farmworkers having health care that will protect the bodies that are working so hard to give us the healthy food we can eat, I think that's really important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So you think the health care available to farmworkers is deficient?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In Washington State and California, the people I met were pretty lucky to have independently run, grant-funded non-profit clinics to go to. But it's unclear what will happen with the Affordable Care Act. The law is wonderful in lots of ways, and will increase access for a lot of people, but there are no provisions for immigrants. Meanwhile, immigration reform \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=203361077\">is stalled\u003c/a>, and it looks like part of the reason is that several representatives won't vote for reform unless newly legalized immigrants will not be eligible for full health care. But the people who are getting sick to help us get a healthy diet deserve health care.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's clear from the book that you don't really blame the farm owners for the poor living and working conditions of berry pickers. As you write, \"The corporatization of U.S. agriculture and the growth of international free markets squeeze growers such that they cannot easily imagine increasing the pay of the pickers or improving the labor camps without bankrupting the farm ... many of the most powerful inputs into the suffering of farmworkers are structural, not willed by individuals.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes it is fair for us to blame farm owners. But sometimes it isn't. We also have to look at the North American Free Trade Agreement, and other free trade agreements. In general, the problems in agriculture are long-standing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you think is the most important thing for consumers to know about the people behind their food?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Farmworkers help us be healthy by harvesting fruits and vegetables, and they're helping the health of our economy by paying sales taxes and Social Security. But we are not prone to value their health or bodies or well-being. That seems disrespectful and unfair.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Picking berries is hard, sometimes back-breaking work. But consumers rarely consider the physical labor required to deliver them fresh fruits and vegetables. In a new book, a medical anthropologist argues that farmworkers who suffer physically while picking fresh fruit and vegetables deserve better health care.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1376064107,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1185},"headData":{"title":"Why Picking Your Berries for $8,000 a Year Hurts a Lot | KQED","description":"Picking berries is hard, sometimes back-breaking work. But consumers rarely consider the physical labor required to deliver them fresh fruits and vegetables. In a new book, a medical anthropologist argues that farmworkers who suffer physically while picking fresh fruit and vegetables deserve better health care.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"67952 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=67952","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/09/why-picking-your-berries-for-8000-a-year-hurts-a-lot/","disqusTitle":"Why Picking Your Berries for $8,000 a Year Hurts a Lot","nprByline":"Eliza Barclay","nprStoryId":"209925420","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=209925420&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/09/209925420/why-picking-your-berries-for-8-000-a-year-hurts-a-lot?ft=3&f=209925420","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 09 Aug 2013 11:31:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 09 Aug 2013 11:31:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 09 Aug 2013 11:31:56 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/67952/why-picking-your-berries-for-8000-a-year-hurts-a-lot","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67958\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/farmworkers.jpeg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/farmworkers.jpeg\" alt=\"Marcelina, a Triqui Mexican, picks strawberries at a farm in Washington State. Photo: Courtesy of Seth M. Holmes\" width=\"1120\" height=\"742\" class=\"size-full wp-image-67958\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marcelina, a Triqui Mexican, picks strawberries at a farm in Washington State. Photo: Courtesy of Seth M. Holmes\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/09/209925420/why-picking-your-berries-for-8-000-a-year-hurts-a-lot\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (8/9/2013)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the supply chain that delivers our food to us gets longer and more complicated, many consumers want to understand – and control – where their food comes from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if we meet farmers at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/08/30/160303008/on-the-farmers-market-frontier-its-not-just-about-profit\">farmers market\u003c/a>, urban consumers are still largely divorced from the people who grow, pick and package our food. And we may even willfully ignore their suffering, argues \u003ca href=\"http://sph.berkeley.edu/faculty/holmes.php\">Seth Holmes\u003c/a>, a medical anthropologist and professor of health and social behavior at the University of California, Berkeley, in his provocative new book, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520275140\">Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For two summers between 2003 and 2005, Holmes lived on a farm in the Skagit Valley of Washington state. The farm produces strawberries, apples, raspberries and blueberries to sell to berry companies like Driscoll and dairy companies like Häagen-Dazs. He traveled there with a group of Triqui Indians, across the border from their hometown of San Miguel in Oaxaca, Mexico. As Holmes soon learned, the Triquis make up the very bottom rung of the agricultural labor ladder and earn between $5,000-$8,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes stayed in the camp with the other laborers, in a shack with a tin roof and no insulation. Over the winter, he traveled with the Triquis to Madera, Calif., to prune grapevines in a vineyard. In 2005, Holmes went back to medical school, but he has continued to visit the same workers nearly every year since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the berry farm, Holmes picked fruit once or twice a week; the Triqui workers picked seven days a week, rain or shine, without a day off. And that took a heavy toll on their bodies: back and knee pain, slipped disks, type 2 diabetes, premature births. As one Triqui worker he calls Abelino told him, \"You pick with your hands bent over kneeling, your back hurts; you get knee pains and [hip] pains ... You suffer a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We talked to Holmes about his time with the Triquis; here's part of our conversation, edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What was the most surprising or shocking aspect of the food system that you uncovered in your research?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before I did the research, I had a sense of the hierarchy of people involved in the food labor chain. But over the course of the first five months, it became clear that the hierarchy is much more detailed and subtle. There are indigenous Mexicans [like the Triqui] who occupy the rung with the most demanding physical labor – they're the ones who are bent over picking. The \u003cem>mestizos\u003c/em> operate the machines – that's not quite as demanding. Then the U.S.-born Latinos are in charge of some things, and use English and Spanish. The white Americans have the most control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What was troubling was that people on every rung of hierarchy are legitimizing and justifying it. Farmworkers are doing that, too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think that hierarchy is representative of farms in other states in the U.S.?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it is. The indigenous people from Mexico and Central America have the least powerful position. The system is different in California, because farms tend to hire \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4865345\">a contractor\u003c/a> to get big fields picked or pruned. The contractor goes out and finds laborers, and in my field research, I found that system to be worse in the sense that farmworkers are not paid directly by the farm. There's no paper trail. When we were in California, every time we pruned, we were paid less than minimum wage. With that system, labor laws are less likely to be enforced. But in Washington state, the farmworkers were hired directly by farmers, who were more likely to pay minimum wage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think that the American public cares about the labor required to produce our food?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We talk so little about the people who do the work that gives us the fresh fruit and vegetables that we want. Farmworkers are pretty hidden, and there's a concept from John Paul Sarte, the French philosopher, called \u003ca href=\"http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sartre/\">bad faith\u003c/a>, meaning self-deception. My simplified version of that is that we consciously hide from ourselves the difficult realities of the workers. We somewhat know them, but we don't think about them much. In that way it seems like 'communal bad faith.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you think the people in the food movement calling for changes in the industrial food system don't talk \u003cstrong>much\u003c/strong> about the labor issues?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On some level, a lot of the food movement is concerned with, \"How does this food affect me and my body? Are there hormones in it? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/07/11/are-antibiotics-on-the-farm-risky-business/\">Antibiotics\u003c/a>? Pesticides?\" But the workers who are harvesting the food and spraying the pesticides — their bodies are human, too. Ideally, we would think about them and what's going into that work. If there are ways that we, as consumers, can lend a voice towards farmworkers having health care that will protect the bodies that are working so hard to give us the healthy food we can eat, I think that's really important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So you think the health care available to farmworkers is deficient?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In Washington State and California, the people I met were pretty lucky to have independently run, grant-funded non-profit clinics to go to. But it's unclear what will happen with the Affordable Care Act. The law is wonderful in lots of ways, and will increase access for a lot of people, but there are no provisions for immigrants. Meanwhile, immigration reform \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=203361077\">is stalled\u003c/a>, and it looks like part of the reason is that several representatives won't vote for reform unless newly legalized immigrants will not be eligible for full health care. But the people who are getting sick to help us get a healthy diet deserve health care.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's clear from the book that you don't really blame the farm owners for the poor living and working conditions of berry pickers. As you write, \"The corporatization of U.S. agriculture and the growth of international free markets squeeze growers such that they cannot easily imagine increasing the pay of the pickers or improving the labor camps without bankrupting the farm ... many of the most powerful inputs into the suffering of farmworkers are structural, not willed by individuals.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes it is fair for us to blame farm owners. But sometimes it isn't. We also have to look at the North American Free Trade Agreement, and other free trade agreements. In general, the problems in agriculture are long-standing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you think is the most important thing for consumers to know about the people behind their food?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Farmworkers help us be healthy by harvesting fruits and vegetables, and they're helping the health of our economy by paying sales taxes and Social Security. But we are not prone to value their health or bodies or well-being. That seems disrespectful and unfair.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/67952/why-picking-your-berries-for-8000-a-year-hurts-a-lot","authors":["byline_bayareabites_67952"],"categories":["bayareabites_2254","bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_3644","bayareabites_9677","bayareabites_452","bayareabites_12191"],"featImg":"bayareabites_67959","label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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