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Learn more at \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/\">cuesa.org\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/323b5bab8e802e76af5b72a66b7c6987?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"cuesa","facebook":"CUESA","instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"CUESA | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/323b5bab8e802e76af5b72a66b7c6987?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/323b5bab8e802e76af5b72a66b7c6987?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/cuesa"},"civileat":{"type":"authors","id":"5583","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"5583","found":true},"name":"Civil Eats","firstName":"Civil","lastName":"Eats","slug":"civileat","email":"twilight@civileats.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"\u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/\">Civil Eats\u003c/a> is a daily news source for critical thought about the American food system. We publish stories that shift the conversation around sustainable agriculture in an effort to build economically and socially just communities. 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Monitoring stations report unhealthy air across the \u003ca href=\"https://gispub.epa.gov/airnow/\">interior of the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To be out in the fields, it's like you can't breathe,\" says Hernan Hernandez, executive director of the California Farmworker Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California requires employers to provide outdoor workers with respiratory protection such as N95 masks if the air quality reaches a certain threshold. In a statewide survey last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/07/909314223/farm-workers-face-double-threat-wildfire-smoke-and-covid-19\">a labor union found\u003c/a> farmworkers mostly weren't getting them. But wearing a mask when it's 110 degrees isn't easy either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/us/coronavirus-undocumented-immigrant-farmworkers-agriculture.html#:~:text=About%20half%20of%20all%20crop,is%20closer%20to%2075%20percent.\">half, or more\u003c/a>, of farmworkers in the U.S. are in the country illegally. They don't have access to many government benefits, can't afford to miss work and may be hesitant to complain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are excerpts of Sacha Pfeiffer's interview with Hernandez on \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> about the threats facing farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I understand that you're hearing that employers are not always supplying masks.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. There's not enough PPE to sustain the current agriculture workforce in California. So what we're seeing on the ground is that everybody's just trying to get a hold of whatever they can. At a state level, in which PPE distributions have occurred in the past couple of weeks, we're nowhere near meeting the demands to ensure the safety of farmworkers and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are you hearing from farmworkers about the kinds of dilemmas and choices they're facing, especially in terms of what if they miss work and how do they try to protect their health? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you look at farmworkers and you ask them, \"How can the state help you during these difficult times?\" the No. 1 thing they will tell you is rent relief. The Central Valley, the coastal areas, everywhere in California, there's a housing crisis. And you're seeing it through farmworkers living in households that have two to three families because they can't afford the rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California did supply some pandemic aid to undocumented immigrants — about $125 million in May. Has that money gotten to farmworkers and helped them during this time?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it was a very minute force that actually received the California aid, because just in the Central Valley alone we have over 500,000 farmworkers. The aid for the Central Valley was capped at 10,000 undocumented workers, so this didn't encompass just farmworkers, it encompassed any type of undocumented worker that works in retail, that works in restaurants, that works in construction, so a very minute force actually had an opportunity to receive those $500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jonaki Mehta and Sarah Handel produced and edited the audio interview.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wildfires+Make+Dangerous+Air+For+Farmworkers%3A+%27It%27s+Like+You+Can%27t+Breathe%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As fires ravage California, farmworkers are dealing with dangerous air in incredible heat. Hernan Hernandez of the California Farmworker Foundation says there's \"nowhere near\" enough protective gear.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1621632531,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":482},"headData":{"title":"Wildfires Make Dangerous Air For Farmworkers: 'It's Like You Can't Breathe' | KQED","description":"As fires ravage California, farmworkers are dealing with dangerous air in incredible heat. Hernan Hernandez of the California Farmworker Foundation says there's "nowhere near" enough protective gear.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"138974 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=138974","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2020/09/22/wildfires-make-dangerous-air-for-farmworkers-its-like-you-cant-breathe/","disqusTitle":"Wildfires Make Dangerous Air For Farmworkers: 'It's Like You Can't Breathe'","nprImageCredit":"Brent Stirton","nprByline":"James Doubek","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"912752013","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=912752013&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/14/912752013/wildfires-make-dangerous-air-for-farmworkers-it-s-like-you-can-t-breathe?ft=nprml&f=912752013","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 15 Sep 2020 10:38:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 14 Sep 2020 18:34:50 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 15 Sep 2020 10:38:55 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2020/09/20200914_atc_farmworkers_and_fires.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=239&p=2&story=912752013&ft=nprml&f=912752013","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1912791491-549e63.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=239&p=2&story=912752013&ft=nprml&f=912752013","path":"/bayareabites/138974/wildfires-make-dangerous-air-for-farmworkers-its-like-you-cant-breathe","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2020/09/20200914_atc_farmworkers_and_fires.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=239&p=2&story=912752013&ft=nprml&f=912752013","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Farmworkers in California are facing two crises at once: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/08/08/900220260/without-federal-protections-farm-workers-risk-coronavirus-infection-to-harvest-c\">the coronavirus\u003c/a> and exposure to dangerous air from wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massive fires \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/\">border large swaths\u003c/a> of California's agriculture region, the Central Valley. Monitoring stations report unhealthy air across the \u003ca href=\"https://gispub.epa.gov/airnow/\">interior of the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To be out in the fields, it's like you can't breathe,\" says Hernan Hernandez, executive director of the California Farmworker Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California requires employers to provide outdoor workers with respiratory protection such as N95 masks if the air quality reaches a certain threshold. In a statewide survey last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/07/909314223/farm-workers-face-double-threat-wildfire-smoke-and-covid-19\">a labor union found\u003c/a> farmworkers mostly weren't getting them. But wearing a mask when it's 110 degrees isn't easy either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/us/coronavirus-undocumented-immigrant-farmworkers-agriculture.html#:~:text=About%20half%20of%20all%20crop,is%20closer%20to%2075%20percent.\">half, or more\u003c/a>, of farmworkers in the U.S. are in the country illegally. They don't have access to many government benefits, can't afford to miss work and may be hesitant to complain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are excerpts of Sacha Pfeiffer's interview with Hernandez on \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> about the threats facing farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I understand that you're hearing that employers are not always supplying masks.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. There's not enough PPE to sustain the current agriculture workforce in California. So what we're seeing on the ground is that everybody's just trying to get a hold of whatever they can. At a state level, in which PPE distributions have occurred in the past couple of weeks, we're nowhere near meeting the demands to ensure the safety of farmworkers and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are you hearing from farmworkers about the kinds of dilemmas and choices they're facing, especially in terms of what if they miss work and how do they try to protect their health? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you look at farmworkers and you ask them, \"How can the state help you during these difficult times?\" the No. 1 thing they will tell you is rent relief. The Central Valley, the coastal areas, everywhere in California, there's a housing crisis. And you're seeing it through farmworkers living in households that have two to three families because they can't afford the rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California did supply some pandemic aid to undocumented immigrants — about $125 million in May. Has that money gotten to farmworkers and helped them during this time?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it was a very minute force that actually received the California aid, because just in the Central Valley alone we have over 500,000 farmworkers. The aid for the Central Valley was capped at 10,000 undocumented workers, so this didn't encompass just farmworkers, it encompassed any type of undocumented worker that works in retail, that works in restaurants, that works in construction, so a very minute force actually had an opportunity to receive those $500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jonaki Mehta and Sarah Handel produced and edited the audio interview.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wildfires+Make+Dangerous+Air+For+Farmworkers%3A+%27It%27s+Like+You+Can%27t+Breathe%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/138974/wildfires-make-dangerous-air-for-farmworkers-its-like-you-cant-breathe","authors":["byline_bayareabites_138974"],"categories":["bayareabites_16558","bayareabites_17082","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_10916"],"tags":["bayareabites_134","bayareabites_3644","bayareabites_16601","bayareabites_744","bayareabites_14775"],"featImg":"bayareabites_138975","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_133630":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_133630","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"133630","score":null,"sort":[1558025283000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"farmers-of-color-may-soon-get-more-support-in-california","title":"Farmers of Color May Soon Get More Support in California","publishDate":1558025283,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11713330,bayareabites_128791' label='The Politics of Farming']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abel Ruiz would like nothing more than to farm his own land, but he lacks the financial resources to make his dream a reality. Ruiz belongs to a Santa Ana, California farming cooperative called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/crececommunityinresistance.co.op/\">Community in Resistance for Ecological and Cultural Empowerment\u003c/a> (CRECE), which farms on a half-acre of land that members lease on a month-to-month basis from a local church. This tenuous arrangement has led the group’s members to try to acquire a lot of their own, but they’ve encountered the same roadblock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We ran into this wall of bureaucracy,” Ruiz, 35, said. “The city won’t sell us land unless we have some form of financial backing, but funders won’t fund us unless we have some form of assets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without investors or assets, co-op members find themselves at square one—working leased land they may not have access to the following month. CRECE’s agreement with the church could end at any time. “That’s not a strong foundation for any farmer,” Ruiz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_133633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190506-farmers-of-color-socially-disadvantaged-farmers-california-legislation-crece-farm-1.jpg\" alt=\"Working on the farm at CRECE.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-full wp-image-133633\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190506-farmers-of-color-socially-disadvantaged-farmers-california-legislation-crece-farm-1.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190506-farmers-of-color-socially-disadvantaged-farmers-california-legislation-crece-farm-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190506-farmers-of-color-socially-disadvantaged-farmers-california-legislation-crece-farm-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190506-farmers-of-color-socially-disadvantaged-farmers-california-legislation-crece-farm-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190506-farmers-of-color-socially-disadvantaged-farmers-california-legislation-crece-farm-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Working on the farm at CRECE. \u003ccite>(CRECE)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He recently discussed his challenges before the \u003ca href=\"https://agri.assembly.ca.gov/\">California State Assembly’s Committee on Agriculture\u003c/a> in support of a bill sponsored by Assemblyman Robert Rivas, a Democrat who represents the farming-intensive Central Coast, that could be a game-changer for aspiring farm owners like Ruiz. AB 986—the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB986\">Regional Economies and Equity in Agricultural Lands (REEAL) Act\u003c/a>—would create a fund to conserve farmland for socially disadvantaged farmers and give them access to financial resources such as down-payment assistance and one-time investments in infrastructure improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the bill say it’s sorely needed as the state’s agricultural industry evolves. Aging white farmers are increasingly \u003ca href=\"https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/money/agriculture/2015/09/14/farmland-investment/72066736/\">turning over their acres to investment firms\u003c/a> who drive up land costs, making ownership off limits to California’s growing share of Latinx and Southeast Asian farmers. Rivas’s bill is one of several aimed at lowering the barriers that farmers of colors face today as a result of agriculture’s ongoing history of racial exclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers of color are the fastest-growing [group of] farmers in the country,” said Neil Thapar, food and farm program director for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theselc.org/team\">Sustainable Economies Law Center\u003c/a>, which is a member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmerjustice.com/\">the California Farmer Justice Collaborative\u003c/a>, another sponsor of AB 986. “As our farming population diversifies, those are the people we need to serve. We need to help them continue and maintain strong local agricultural economies, which allows for more local food to be grown to satisfy the culturally relevant food needs of a more diverse population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Legacy of Discrimination\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Farmers of color in California have long experienced discrimination at both the state and national level. \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3652&context=californialawreview\">The California Alien Land Law of 1913\u003c/a> robbed immigrants of Asian descent of the chance to buy farmland or enter into long-term lease contracts. Seven years later, the act was updated as the California Alien Land Law of 1920. Asian farmers worked under these oppressive laws until 1952, when the Supreme Court of California reversed them. Decades later, groups of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/10/15/latino.farmers.suit/index.html\">Black and Latinx farmers\u003c/a> filed class action lawsuits alleging that the U.S. Department of Agriculture denied them loans and benefits during the 1980s and ‘90s—lawsuits that were settled with historic billion-dollar payouts to the farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given this historical context, Paul Towers, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.caff.org/\">Community Alliance with Family Farms\u003c/a>, said that the REEAL Act of 2019 serves to address the legacy of racism in California’s agriculture system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our future targets those farmers left out and pushed through the margins by a system that has favored wealthier white farmers,” Towers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California farmworkers and their families have also been subjected to environmental racism directly tied to the agricultural industry. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency settled a lawsuit in 2011 spearheaded by retired Latinx farmworkers from Oxnard, California, who said their \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/california-unsatisfying-settlement-pesticide-spraying-n406001\">children had been routinely exposed to the pesticides\u003c/a> sprayed on strawberry fields near their schools. The settlement required the California Department of Pesticide Regulation to monitor three farming communities for airborne chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Racism persists today within the agricultural community,” said Beth Smoker, food and agriculture policy consultant for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/beth-smoker\">Pesticide Action Network\u003c/a>. “The government structures have been systematically set up so that for this generation of farmers today, those barriers still exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The REEAL Act is an outgrowth of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2017/08/21/a-california-bill-takes-steps-to-end-discrimination-against-farmers/\">Farmer Equity Act of 2017\u003c/a>, which acknowledged the history of racism in agriculture and outlined plans for initiatives to serve socially disadvantaged farmers. So is \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB838\">AB 838\u003c/a>, which would require the University of California to establish the statewide Farmer Equity and Innovation Center to provide training and assistance to new farmers and small and medium-sized farm owners. The program, which must be in place by July 1, 2021, would train these farmers to use best farm management practices, manage water efficiently, and market culturally relevant crops—foods that have been staples in diets of ethnic minority groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the CRECE co-op, Ruiz and his fellow farmers grow food specifically with the Mexican community in mind, he said. Their crops include garbanzo beans, corn, cucumber, tomatoes, and a mishmash of what he describes as “Mexican kitchen herbs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both land access and technical assistance are major gaps for young farmers,” said Sophie Ackoff, vice president of policy and campaigns for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youngfarmers.org/\">National Young Farmers Coalition\u003c/a>. “We really see both bills as being the solution. We need both of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ackoff is excited that AB 838 sets out to provide farmers with culturally relevant training practices given in the languages they speak, as language barriers have previously hindered them from getting important information from small-farm advisors. Culturally relevant training also involves supporting farmers of color who use the organic and traditional farming techniques long adopted by their ethnic groups, including intercropping, agroforestry, and no-till farming. Farmers who practice intercropping grow different types of crops, such as lettuce and brussels sprouts, between rows. Agrofroestry combines farming with tree-growing and preservation, and no-till farming entails growing crops without disrupting the soil through tillage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maya Blow, who owns along with her husband the three-acre \u003ca href=\"http://www.soulflowerfarm.com/\">Soul Flower Farm\u003c/a> in El Sobrante, said that farmers can benefit from technical assistance, as long as it’s culturally relevant. She and her husband are African American and have often felt that the methods people of color have long used to farm are overlooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Training is great in my opinion,” Blow said, “but I don’t see it benefitting anybody if it’s just in conventional Western farming techniques that deplete the land.” She cites permaculture, or agroforestry, as an example of an indigenous farming practice that’s catching on with the mainstream farming community. “Permaculture is way to farm using regenerative and sustainable techniques,” she said. “It is an indigenous sustainability practice that was recoined and renamed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blow and her husband have had their farm for nine years. They grow most of the crops for themselves, their two sons, and the students Blow teaches at the herbalist school she runs. She grows more than 100 plants, including Mexican marigold, rosemary, thyme, white sage, blue sage, mugwort, and calendula, for medicinal purposes. She also sells these plants at the local farmers’ market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blow said that she was always drawn to herbalism and farming. She and her husband primarily learned about farming through reading, researching, and connecting with veteran farmers in their community. Because she likes to take their own approach to farming, Blow said that she’s not sure how much she would’ve turned to the state for assistance, but acknowledges the benefits of the pending legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With more help and financial support, we could have accomplished what we’ve done in nine years in two,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Impact of Rising Land Values\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_US/usv1.pdf\">2017 Census of Agriculture\u003c/a>, released in April, farms operated by Hispanics, blacks, Native Americans, and Asians all rose from 2012 to 2017. That this growth is occurring during a period of decline for farm ownership overall signals that farmers of color will likely play key roles in the future of agriculture. But without financial resources, they could be sidelined as the mostly white farming population retires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seventy percent of retiring farmers don’t have succession plan,” Thapar said. “That’s really dangerous in that if there are not enough family members left to run the land, it’s going to be sold off to someone else to develop into something else that doesn’t include growing food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conversion of agricultural land into other entities has ecological effects as well. The REEAL Act notes that it reduces California’s ability to store carbon, maintain regional ecosystems, and, of course, produce food. The acquisition of California farmland by investment firms and corporations has also raised land values. In California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Highlights/2018/2018LandValuesCashRents_Highlights.pdf\">the real estate value of farmland is $9,000 per acre\u003c/a>. Only four states—all on the East Coast—have higher real estate values. And at $340 per acre, California leads the nation in rent paid for agricultural land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The cost of land is compounding the difficulties farmers of color have to accessing land,” said Young Farmers Coalition’s Ackoff. “They are not inheriting farmland either, so they are left out of this old-boy network.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pesticide Action Network’s Smoker said that historically discriminatory policies have led to farmers of color slowly losing their land over time. She added that receiving fewer federal loans than their white counterparts has also shaped the state of agriculture today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As farmers of color struggle to buy land that’s rapidly rising in value, more farms are being consolidated. In California and across the country, \u003ca href=\"https://www.agriculture.com/news/business/farms-in-us-drops-size-grows\">the number of farms is decreasing, but the size of farms is increasing\u003c/a>. Towers said this has ramifications for the food supply and for farmers of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are farming more acres and growing fewer and fewer crops in order to make enough money to be viable,” he said. “The pressure of overall consolidation makes it harder and harder to be a smaller farmer and compete with larger farmers in price and access to market. There are not enough farmers’ markets that make up for the difference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should Farm Ownership Be the Goal?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Daniel A. Sumner, a professor of agricultural and resource economics at the University of California, Davis, called the REEAL Act well-intentioned legislation. However, he also expressed some concerns about the bill. He questioned the idea that land ownership should be the ultimate goal of farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people who own farmland aren’t farmers, and being a farmer doesn’t necessarily have to do with land ownership,” he said. “Farming is a really tough business. A lot of farmers end up bankrupt and feeling like failures, so the last thing I want to encourage is telling people, ‘Come on in, the water is fine.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation notes that California agriculture is in a precarious state, with roughly 50,000 acres of farmland and rangeland lost annually. While the REEAL Act would increase efforts to make more farmers of color landowners, it also includes provisions to help these farmers enter into long-term leasing contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ackoff, however, said that ownership is important for farmers because it gives them much-needed stability, allows them to conserve land, and lowers the odds that farms will end up on the real estate market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The leases many farmers are operating under prevent them from making the investments they need to,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2019/04/15/ag-census-more-latinx-farmers-own-their-land-could-they-make-the-food-system-more-sustainable/\">Javier Zamora\u003c/a>, who owns \u003ca href=\"https://www.jsmorganics.com/\">JSM Organic Farms\u003c/a> in Royal Oaks, California, agrees. Until securing a loan from the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiafarmlink.org/\">California FarmLink\u003c/a> that he used to start JSM seven years ago, Zamora spent much of his life working other people’s land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_133634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190412-usda-census-of-agriculture-latinx-farmowners-Javier-Zamora.jpg\" alt=\"Javier Zamora on his farm\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-full wp-image-133634\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190412-usda-census-of-agriculture-latinx-farmowners-Javier-Zamora.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190412-usda-census-of-agriculture-latinx-farmowners-Javier-Zamora-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190412-usda-census-of-agriculture-latinx-farmowners-Javier-Zamora-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190412-usda-census-of-agriculture-latinx-farmowners-Javier-Zamora-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190412-usda-census-of-agriculture-latinx-farmowners-Javier-Zamora-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Javier Zamora on his farm \u003ccite>(Civil Eats)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you lease, there’s always something that stops you from fully developing your business,” Zamora said. “You can’t build anything on it. When you own your land, there’s just no limit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruiz believes the legislation has the potential to not only help CRECE but also other would-be farmers in his community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not the only ones who’ve gravitated toward farming,” he said. “We’ve met some others who’ve kind of given up. There are people who are interested in farming, and they have a wealth of knowledge. We just need to give them access to land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This article originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2019/05/06/farmers-of-color-may-soon-get-more-support-in-california/\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In an effort to address historic, systemic racism, two bills would support socially disadvantaged farmers, offering financial assistance, training, and more.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1558025283,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":2191},"headData":{"title":"Farmers of Color May Soon Get More Support in California | KQED","description":"In an effort to address historic, systemic racism, two bills would support socially disadvantaged farmers, offering financial assistance, training, and more.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"133630 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=133630","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2019/05/16/farmers-of-color-may-soon-get-more-support-in-california/","disqusTitle":"Farmers of Color May Soon Get More Support in California","path":"/bayareabites/133630/farmers-of-color-may-soon-get-more-support-in-california","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11713330,bayareabites_128791","label":"The Politics of Farming "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abel Ruiz would like nothing more than to farm his own land, but he lacks the financial resources to make his dream a reality. Ruiz belongs to a Santa Ana, California farming cooperative called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/crececommunityinresistance.co.op/\">Community in Resistance for Ecological and Cultural Empowerment\u003c/a> (CRECE), which farms on a half-acre of land that members lease on a month-to-month basis from a local church. This tenuous arrangement has led the group’s members to try to acquire a lot of their own, but they’ve encountered the same roadblock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We ran into this wall of bureaucracy,” Ruiz, 35, said. “The city won’t sell us land unless we have some form of financial backing, but funders won’t fund us unless we have some form of assets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without investors or assets, co-op members find themselves at square one—working leased land they may not have access to the following month. CRECE’s agreement with the church could end at any time. “That’s not a strong foundation for any farmer,” Ruiz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_133633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190506-farmers-of-color-socially-disadvantaged-farmers-california-legislation-crece-farm-1.jpg\" alt=\"Working on the farm at CRECE.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-full wp-image-133633\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190506-farmers-of-color-socially-disadvantaged-farmers-california-legislation-crece-farm-1.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190506-farmers-of-color-socially-disadvantaged-farmers-california-legislation-crece-farm-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190506-farmers-of-color-socially-disadvantaged-farmers-california-legislation-crece-farm-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190506-farmers-of-color-socially-disadvantaged-farmers-california-legislation-crece-farm-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190506-farmers-of-color-socially-disadvantaged-farmers-california-legislation-crece-farm-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Working on the farm at CRECE. \u003ccite>(CRECE)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He recently discussed his challenges before the \u003ca href=\"https://agri.assembly.ca.gov/\">California State Assembly’s Committee on Agriculture\u003c/a> in support of a bill sponsored by Assemblyman Robert Rivas, a Democrat who represents the farming-intensive Central Coast, that could be a game-changer for aspiring farm owners like Ruiz. AB 986—the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB986\">Regional Economies and Equity in Agricultural Lands (REEAL) Act\u003c/a>—would create a fund to conserve farmland for socially disadvantaged farmers and give them access to financial resources such as down-payment assistance and one-time investments in infrastructure improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the bill say it’s sorely needed as the state’s agricultural industry evolves. Aging white farmers are increasingly \u003ca href=\"https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/money/agriculture/2015/09/14/farmland-investment/72066736/\">turning over their acres to investment firms\u003c/a> who drive up land costs, making ownership off limits to California’s growing share of Latinx and Southeast Asian farmers. Rivas’s bill is one of several aimed at lowering the barriers that farmers of colors face today as a result of agriculture’s ongoing history of racial exclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers of color are the fastest-growing [group of] farmers in the country,” said Neil Thapar, food and farm program director for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theselc.org/team\">Sustainable Economies Law Center\u003c/a>, which is a member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmerjustice.com/\">the California Farmer Justice Collaborative\u003c/a>, another sponsor of AB 986. “As our farming population diversifies, those are the people we need to serve. We need to help them continue and maintain strong local agricultural economies, which allows for more local food to be grown to satisfy the culturally relevant food needs of a more diverse population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Legacy of Discrimination\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Farmers of color in California have long experienced discrimination at both the state and national level. \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3652&context=californialawreview\">The California Alien Land Law of 1913\u003c/a> robbed immigrants of Asian descent of the chance to buy farmland or enter into long-term lease contracts. Seven years later, the act was updated as the California Alien Land Law of 1920. Asian farmers worked under these oppressive laws until 1952, when the Supreme Court of California reversed them. Decades later, groups of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/10/15/latino.farmers.suit/index.html\">Black and Latinx farmers\u003c/a> filed class action lawsuits alleging that the U.S. Department of Agriculture denied them loans and benefits during the 1980s and ‘90s—lawsuits that were settled with historic billion-dollar payouts to the farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given this historical context, Paul Towers, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.caff.org/\">Community Alliance with Family Farms\u003c/a>, said that the REEAL Act of 2019 serves to address the legacy of racism in California’s agriculture system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our future targets those farmers left out and pushed through the margins by a system that has favored wealthier white farmers,” Towers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California farmworkers and their families have also been subjected to environmental racism directly tied to the agricultural industry. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency settled a lawsuit in 2011 spearheaded by retired Latinx farmworkers from Oxnard, California, who said their \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/california-unsatisfying-settlement-pesticide-spraying-n406001\">children had been routinely exposed to the pesticides\u003c/a> sprayed on strawberry fields near their schools. The settlement required the California Department of Pesticide Regulation to monitor three farming communities for airborne chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Racism persists today within the agricultural community,” said Beth Smoker, food and agriculture policy consultant for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.panna.org/beth-smoker\">Pesticide Action Network\u003c/a>. “The government structures have been systematically set up so that for this generation of farmers today, those barriers still exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The REEAL Act is an outgrowth of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2017/08/21/a-california-bill-takes-steps-to-end-discrimination-against-farmers/\">Farmer Equity Act of 2017\u003c/a>, which acknowledged the history of racism in agriculture and outlined plans for initiatives to serve socially disadvantaged farmers. So is \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB838\">AB 838\u003c/a>, which would require the University of California to establish the statewide Farmer Equity and Innovation Center to provide training and assistance to new farmers and small and medium-sized farm owners. The program, which must be in place by July 1, 2021, would train these farmers to use best farm management practices, manage water efficiently, and market culturally relevant crops—foods that have been staples in diets of ethnic minority groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the CRECE co-op, Ruiz and his fellow farmers grow food specifically with the Mexican community in mind, he said. Their crops include garbanzo beans, corn, cucumber, tomatoes, and a mishmash of what he describes as “Mexican kitchen herbs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both land access and technical assistance are major gaps for young farmers,” said Sophie Ackoff, vice president of policy and campaigns for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youngfarmers.org/\">National Young Farmers Coalition\u003c/a>. “We really see both bills as being the solution. We need both of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ackoff is excited that AB 838 sets out to provide farmers with culturally relevant training practices given in the languages they speak, as language barriers have previously hindered them from getting important information from small-farm advisors. Culturally relevant training also involves supporting farmers of color who use the organic and traditional farming techniques long adopted by their ethnic groups, including intercropping, agroforestry, and no-till farming. Farmers who practice intercropping grow different types of crops, such as lettuce and brussels sprouts, between rows. Agrofroestry combines farming with tree-growing and preservation, and no-till farming entails growing crops without disrupting the soil through tillage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maya Blow, who owns along with her husband the three-acre \u003ca href=\"http://www.soulflowerfarm.com/\">Soul Flower Farm\u003c/a> in El Sobrante, said that farmers can benefit from technical assistance, as long as it’s culturally relevant. She and her husband are African American and have often felt that the methods people of color have long used to farm are overlooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Training is great in my opinion,” Blow said, “but I don’t see it benefitting anybody if it’s just in conventional Western farming techniques that deplete the land.” She cites permaculture, or agroforestry, as an example of an indigenous farming practice that’s catching on with the mainstream farming community. “Permaculture is way to farm using regenerative and sustainable techniques,” she said. “It is an indigenous sustainability practice that was recoined and renamed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blow and her husband have had their farm for nine years. They grow most of the crops for themselves, their two sons, and the students Blow teaches at the herbalist school she runs. She grows more than 100 plants, including Mexican marigold, rosemary, thyme, white sage, blue sage, mugwort, and calendula, for medicinal purposes. She also sells these plants at the local farmers’ market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blow said that she was always drawn to herbalism and farming. She and her husband primarily learned about farming through reading, researching, and connecting with veteran farmers in their community. Because she likes to take their own approach to farming, Blow said that she’s not sure how much she would’ve turned to the state for assistance, but acknowledges the benefits of the pending legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With more help and financial support, we could have accomplished what we’ve done in nine years in two,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Impact of Rising Land Values\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_US/usv1.pdf\">2017 Census of Agriculture\u003c/a>, released in April, farms operated by Hispanics, blacks, Native Americans, and Asians all rose from 2012 to 2017. That this growth is occurring during a period of decline for farm ownership overall signals that farmers of color will likely play key roles in the future of agriculture. But without financial resources, they could be sidelined as the mostly white farming population retires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seventy percent of retiring farmers don’t have succession plan,” Thapar said. “That’s really dangerous in that if there are not enough family members left to run the land, it’s going to be sold off to someone else to develop into something else that doesn’t include growing food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conversion of agricultural land into other entities has ecological effects as well. The REEAL Act notes that it reduces California’s ability to store carbon, maintain regional ecosystems, and, of course, produce food. The acquisition of California farmland by investment firms and corporations has also raised land values. In California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Highlights/2018/2018LandValuesCashRents_Highlights.pdf\">the real estate value of farmland is $9,000 per acre\u003c/a>. Only four states—all on the East Coast—have higher real estate values. And at $340 per acre, California leads the nation in rent paid for agricultural land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The cost of land is compounding the difficulties farmers of color have to accessing land,” said Young Farmers Coalition’s Ackoff. “They are not inheriting farmland either, so they are left out of this old-boy network.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pesticide Action Network’s Smoker said that historically discriminatory policies have led to farmers of color slowly losing their land over time. She added that receiving fewer federal loans than their white counterparts has also shaped the state of agriculture today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As farmers of color struggle to buy land that’s rapidly rising in value, more farms are being consolidated. In California and across the country, \u003ca href=\"https://www.agriculture.com/news/business/farms-in-us-drops-size-grows\">the number of farms is decreasing, but the size of farms is increasing\u003c/a>. Towers said this has ramifications for the food supply and for farmers of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are farming more acres and growing fewer and fewer crops in order to make enough money to be viable,” he said. “The pressure of overall consolidation makes it harder and harder to be a smaller farmer and compete with larger farmers in price and access to market. There are not enough farmers’ markets that make up for the difference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should Farm Ownership Be the Goal?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Daniel A. Sumner, a professor of agricultural and resource economics at the University of California, Davis, called the REEAL Act well-intentioned legislation. However, he also expressed some concerns about the bill. He questioned the idea that land ownership should be the ultimate goal of farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people who own farmland aren’t farmers, and being a farmer doesn’t necessarily have to do with land ownership,” he said. “Farming is a really tough business. A lot of farmers end up bankrupt and feeling like failures, so the last thing I want to encourage is telling people, ‘Come on in, the water is fine.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation notes that California agriculture is in a precarious state, with roughly 50,000 acres of farmland and rangeland lost annually. While the REEAL Act would increase efforts to make more farmers of color landowners, it also includes provisions to help these farmers enter into long-term leasing contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ackoff, however, said that ownership is important for farmers because it gives them much-needed stability, allows them to conserve land, and lowers the odds that farms will end up on the real estate market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The leases many farmers are operating under prevent them from making the investments they need to,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2019/04/15/ag-census-more-latinx-farmers-own-their-land-could-they-make-the-food-system-more-sustainable/\">Javier Zamora\u003c/a>, who owns \u003ca href=\"https://www.jsmorganics.com/\">JSM Organic Farms\u003c/a> in Royal Oaks, California, agrees. Until securing a loan from the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiafarmlink.org/\">California FarmLink\u003c/a> that he used to start JSM seven years ago, Zamora spent much of his life working other people’s land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_133634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190412-usda-census-of-agriculture-latinx-farmowners-Javier-Zamora.jpg\" alt=\"Javier Zamora on his farm\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" class=\"size-full wp-image-133634\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190412-usda-census-of-agriculture-latinx-farmowners-Javier-Zamora.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190412-usda-census-of-agriculture-latinx-farmowners-Javier-Zamora-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190412-usda-census-of-agriculture-latinx-farmowners-Javier-Zamora-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190412-usda-census-of-agriculture-latinx-farmowners-Javier-Zamora-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2019/05/190412-usda-census-of-agriculture-latinx-farmowners-Javier-Zamora-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Javier Zamora on his farm \u003ccite>(Civil Eats)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you lease, there’s always something that stops you from fully developing your business,” Zamora said. “You can’t build anything on it. When you own your land, there’s just no limit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruiz believes the legislation has the potential to not only help CRECE but also other would-be farmers in his community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not the only ones who’ve gravitated toward farming,” he said. “We’ve met some others who’ve kind of given up. There are people who are interested in farming, and they have a wealth of knowledge. We just need to give them access to land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This article originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2019/05/06/farmers-of-color-may-soon-get-more-support-in-california/\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/133630/farmers-of-color-may-soon-get-more-support-in-california","authors":["5583"],"categories":["bayareabites_13718","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_8730","bayareabites_134","bayareabites_16412"],"featImg":"bayareabites_133632","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_115440":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_115440","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"115440","score":null,"sort":[1487310102000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-ditching-nafta-could-hurt-americas-farmers-more-than-mexicos","title":"Why Ditching NAFTA Could Hurt America's Farmers More Than Mexico's","publishDate":1487310102,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttps://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/02/20170216_atc_why_ditching_nafta_could_hurt_americas_farmers_more_than_mexicos.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland Reiter is one of the people behind the rise in imported food from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family has been growing strawberries in California for generations and selling them under the name \u003ca href=\"https://www.driscolls.com/about/heritage\">Driscoll's\u003c/a>. Today, it's the biggest berry producer in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1990s, the Reiter family started growing strawberries and raspberries in Mexico, in addition to California. It found regions in Mexico where the climate allowed them to grow the fruit — especially raspberries — during seasons of the year when it hadn't been feasible back home. \"Our move really was for year-round product, and quality,\" says Reiter, who is executive chairman of \u003ca href=\"http://www.berry.net/\">Reiter Associated Cos\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North American Free Trade Agreement went into effect at that same time, in 1994. But that's coincidence, Reiter says; NAFTA had very little to do with the move into Mexico. \"To tell you the truth, we paid minimal attention to that,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many U.S. fruit and vegetable growers have made the same move over the past two decades. They've all done it to expand their growing season, and also to cut costs. Farmworkers in Mexico get paid very little, compared with workers in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reiter says that when he got to Mexico and met his Mexican partners, he discovered another reason to locate there. \"They're farmers. They want to be farmers. That \u003cem>is\u003c/em> their industry,\" he says. There's excitement about new fruit varieties, and new methods of growing crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1992, raspberry exports from Mexico to the U.S. have gone from zero to $500 million each year. The increase in strawberry exports is similar. Total Mexican shipments of fruits and vegetables to the U.S. have increased by nine times over the last 25 years, to $12 billion a year. People in the industry say most of that increase is a result of U.S. companies setting up production in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump's criticism of trade with Mexico has unsettled the industry. He has talked about possibly taxing imports from Mexico or renegotiating NAFTA. Mexican officials have threatened to retaliate against American exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Reiter says such moves would just force Americans to pay a little more for Mexican fruit. It wouldn't bring production back to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at the magnitude of the investment in Mexico, there's no way that's coming back to California,\" he says. \"There's absolutely no way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'll keep growing in Mexico, in part because it would be hard for Americans to replace Mexican production with fresh berries from somewhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the situation on the other side of the trade equation, for U.S exports to Mexico, is considerably different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those exports also have grown dramatically, but a lot of them are commodities that Mexico could buy from other places, such as corn, soybeans and dairy products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mexico is the No. 1 buyer of U.S. dairy products in the world,\" says John Wilson, senior vice president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfamilk.com/\">Dairy Farmers of America\u003c/a>, a cooperative with 14,000 dairy farmer members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American dairy farmers have come to rely on exports in recent years. About 15 percent of all milk is processed into products for export. Wilson's cooperative, for instance, has a plant in Portales, N.M., that receives milk from big dairy farmers in the eastern part of that state and dries it into powder. \"About 38 million pounds of [milk] powder moved from the plant into Mexico last year,\" Wilson says. In total, the U.S. exports about $500 million worth of milk powder to Mexico annually. That's up more than 10 times from 20 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. also exports billions of dollars' worth of corn, soybeans and pork. And NAFTA is really important for most of those exports. It allows products to enter Mexico duty-free and makes American commodities just slightly cheaper than the competition, such as milk powder from New Zealand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pennies do matter in the milk business,\" Wilson says. \"It's a very competitive business worldwide, and the presence or absence of a tariff can make or break a deal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson says he doesn't know exactly how much it would cost American dairy farmers if Mexico bought less of their milk powder. \"We don't even like to speculate about that,\" he says. But it certainly would hurt. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Trade in food between the U.S. and Mexico has exploded over the past 15 years. President Trump is talking about restricting that trade, but when it comes to food, such moves could backfire.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1487317715,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":759},"headData":{"title":"Why Ditching NAFTA Could Hurt America's Farmers More Than Mexico's | KQED","description":"Trade in food between the U.S. and Mexico has exploded over the past 15 years. President Trump is talking about restricting that trade, but when it comes to food, such moves could backfire.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"115440 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=115440","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2017/02/16/why-ditching-nafta-could-hurt-americas-farmers-more-than-mexicos/","disqusTitle":"Why Ditching NAFTA Could Hurt America's Farmers More Than Mexico's","nprImageCredit":"Mike Mozart","nprByline":"Dan Charles, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Flickr","nprStoryId":"515380213","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=515380213&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/02/16/515380213/why-ditching-nafta-could-hurt-americas-farmers-more-than-mexicos?ft=nprml&f=515380213","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 16 Feb 2017 19:12:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 16 Feb 2017 16:31:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 16 Feb 2017 19:12:20 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/02/20170216_atc_why_ditching_nafta_could_hurt_americas_farmers_more_than_mexicos.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=235&p=2&story=515380213&t=progseg&e=515539685&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=515380213","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1515638250-1714d7.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=235&p=2&story=515380213&t=progseg&e=515539685&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=515380213","path":"/bayareabites/115440/why-ditching-nafta-could-hurt-americas-farmers-more-than-mexicos","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/02/20170216_atc_why_ditching_nafta_could_hurt_americas_farmers_more_than_mexicos.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=235&p=2&story=515380213&t=progseg&e=515539685&seg=16&ft=nprml&f=515380213","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story on All Things Considered:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"nprOneAudioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/02/20170216_atc_why_ditching_nafta_could_hurt_americas_farmers_more_than_mexicos.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland Reiter is one of the people behind the rise in imported food from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family has been growing strawberries in California for generations and selling them under the name \u003ca href=\"https://www.driscolls.com/about/heritage\">Driscoll's\u003c/a>. Today, it's the biggest berry producer in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1990s, the Reiter family started growing strawberries and raspberries in Mexico, in addition to California. It found regions in Mexico where the climate allowed them to grow the fruit — especially raspberries — during seasons of the year when it hadn't been feasible back home. \"Our move really was for year-round product, and quality,\" says Reiter, who is executive chairman of \u003ca href=\"http://www.berry.net/\">Reiter Associated Cos\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North American Free Trade Agreement went into effect at that same time, in 1994. But that's coincidence, Reiter says; NAFTA had very little to do with the move into Mexico. \"To tell you the truth, we paid minimal attention to that,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many U.S. fruit and vegetable growers have made the same move over the past two decades. They've all done it to expand their growing season, and also to cut costs. Farmworkers in Mexico get paid very little, compared with workers in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reiter says that when he got to Mexico and met his Mexican partners, he discovered another reason to locate there. \"They're farmers. They want to be farmers. That \u003cem>is\u003c/em> their industry,\" he says. There's excitement about new fruit varieties, and new methods of growing crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1992, raspberry exports from Mexico to the U.S. have gone from zero to $500 million each year. The increase in strawberry exports is similar. Total Mexican shipments of fruits and vegetables to the U.S. have increased by nine times over the last 25 years, to $12 billion a year. People in the industry say most of that increase is a result of U.S. companies setting up production in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump's criticism of trade with Mexico has unsettled the industry. He has talked about possibly taxing imports from Mexico or renegotiating NAFTA. Mexican officials have threatened to retaliate against American exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Reiter says such moves would just force Americans to pay a little more for Mexican fruit. It wouldn't bring production back to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at the magnitude of the investment in Mexico, there's no way that's coming back to California,\" he says. \"There's absolutely no way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'll keep growing in Mexico, in part because it would be hard for Americans to replace Mexican production with fresh berries from somewhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the situation on the other side of the trade equation, for U.S exports to Mexico, is considerably different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those exports also have grown dramatically, but a lot of them are commodities that Mexico could buy from other places, such as corn, soybeans and dairy products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mexico is the No. 1 buyer of U.S. dairy products in the world,\" says John Wilson, senior vice president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfamilk.com/\">Dairy Farmers of America\u003c/a>, a cooperative with 14,000 dairy farmer members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American dairy farmers have come to rely on exports in recent years. About 15 percent of all milk is processed into products for export. Wilson's cooperative, for instance, has a plant in Portales, N.M., that receives milk from big dairy farmers in the eastern part of that state and dries it into powder. \"About 38 million pounds of [milk] powder moved from the plant into Mexico last year,\" Wilson says. In total, the U.S. exports about $500 million worth of milk powder to Mexico annually. That's up more than 10 times from 20 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. also exports billions of dollars' worth of corn, soybeans and pork. And NAFTA is really important for most of those exports. It allows products to enter Mexico duty-free and makes American commodities just slightly cheaper than the competition, such as milk powder from New Zealand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pennies do matter in the milk business,\" Wilson says. \"It's a very competitive business worldwide, and the presence or absence of a tariff can make or break a deal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson says he doesn't know exactly how much it would cost American dairy farmers if Mexico bought less of their milk powder. \"We don't even like to speculate about that,\" he says. But it certainly would hurt. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/115440/why-ditching-nafta-could-hurt-americas-farmers-more-than-mexicos","authors":["byline_bayareabites_115440"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_10480","bayareabites_15761","bayareabites_134","bayareabites_2561","bayareabites_1621","bayareabites_12898","bayareabites_15697"],"featImg":"bayareabites_115441","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_110781":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_110781","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"110781","score":null,"sort":[1468619244000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground","title":"Inside The Lives Of Farmworkers: Top 5 Lessons I Learned On The Ground","publishDate":1468619244,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Most of us — and by \"us,\" I mean urban and suburban consumers like me — don't usually get to meet the people who pick our apples, oranges or strawberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So about a year ago, I decided to launch a series of stories about the people who harvest some of America's iconic seasonal foods. Many of these workers move from place to place, following the seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I visited workers who were harvesting \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/23/448579214/inside-the-life-of-an-apple-picker\">apples\u003c/a> in Pennsylvania, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/24/457203127/behind-your-holiday-sweet-potato-dish-hard-work-in-the-fields\">sweet potatoes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/13/484015376/for-pickers-blueberries-mean-easier-labor-but-more-upheaval\">blueberries\u003c/a> in North Carolina, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/28/464453958/guest-workers-legal-yet-not-quite-free-pick-floridas-oranges\">oranges\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/21/470424834/in-florida-strawberry-fields-are-not-forever\">strawberries\u003c/a> in Florida. In each place, I also talked to farmers who own those crops and hire the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I set a couple of rules for myself. I wouldn't contact workers through their employers, and I would not use them simply as stage props in stories about current political debates — such as the arguments over immigration, or pesticides, or minimum-wage rules. These were supposed to be stories about people and places, not government policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I got a lot of help from several groups that provide services to farmworkers and their families: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecmhsp.org/\">East Coast Migrant Head Start Project\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rcma.org/index.html\">Redlands Christian Migrant Association\u003c/a>; and \u003ca href=\"http://www.frls.org/\">Florida Rural Legal Services\u003c/a>. People at these organizations put me in touch with farmworker families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what did I learn? Here's a short list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. It's a hard life, but there's more to it than hardship.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no question that the life of a farmworker is tough — especially those who migrate from place to place, following the harvest. They move from one temporary home to another, carrying everything they own with them. The work is physically exhausting, poorly paid, and on top of that, it's completely uncertain. At any moment, workers can be told that they're not needed anymore. More than one farm employer has told me, \"Nobody wants their child to be a farmworker.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of that is particularly surprising. It fits with a familiar image of farmworkers that goes back at least to \u003cem>The Grapes of Wrath.\u003c/em> What did surprise me was how many of them told me that they enjoyed the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apple orchard is \"a free environment,\" Jose Martinez told me. \"You can express yourself, you can say anything you want.\" Several farmworkers told me that they were proud of their ability to do this work. They were good at it, and they knew it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. The big difficulty is not so much low wages — it's sporadic work.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworkers typically get paid by the pound, and the hourly wage, when they're working, sometimes isn't too shabby. Workers harvesting apples and blueberries, in particular, told me that when they were working fast and the trees or bushes were full of fruit, they could earn more than $20 an hour. As any freelancer or independent contractor knows, though, it's the time when you're not working that kills you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I visited Nabor Segundo and his wife, Rosalia Morales, they hadn't been able to harvest sweet potatoes on that day because it was raining and the ground was too wet. So they didn't get paid for that day. There can be days or entire weeks without work, when one crop is finished and the next one isn't yet ready for harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many farmworkers, a guarantee of steady work in one place could be more attractive than a small boost in their pay per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. The shortage of farmworkers is real.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fruit and vegetable farmers across the country are complaining about a growing shortage of farm laborers. The shortage is largely due to a slowdown in immigration from Mexico. From time to time, there are predictions of disaster, with crops rotting in the fields because there aren't enough people to harvest them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, this should force employers to compete for scarce workers, perhaps by offering higher wages. In fact, farm wages are rising in some places, though not dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers often argue that they can't afford to pay their workers more because they're competing against vegetable growers abroad, for instance in Mexico. They say that the U.S. has a choice: It can either import more farmworkers, keeping wages here low, or it will end up importing food from low-wage Mexican farms instead. So these farmers have been pushing for a new \"guest worker\" program that would allow them to bring in additional foreign workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on my conversations with workers, the choice is not quite that stark. Farmers are able to compete for workers, and some already are doing so. Workers told me about apple and strawberry growers who were known for paying well, providing good housing, and treating their workers fairly. Those farmers had little problem finding enough workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip Martin, an economist at the University of California, Davis, who's spent his professional life studying farm labor markets, says employers are adapting to the worker shortage in four different ways: offering incentives to workers and treating them better; bringing in technologies (like conveyor belts in the fields) that allow fewer workers to do the same amount of work; replacing workers with machines; and bringing in foreign workers using special visas, called H-2A visas, that are available for seasonal farm labor. The number of these \"guest workers\" has been increasing sharply in recent years. Martin estimates that they now account for 10 percent of \"long-season jobs on crop farms.\" They represent the majority of workers in Florida's citrus groves and North Carolina's sweet potato fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. That elephant sitting in the corner is legal status, aka \"papers.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These stories were about food and the people who harvest it, not immigration policy. I didn't generally ask these workers whether they were in the country legally — just as I don't generally ask scientists or corporate executives about their immigration status when I interview them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many listeners and readers, though, this was the most important question. They filled the comments sections on these stories with commentary about U.S. immigration policies and debated whether those workers — whom they assumed were in the U.S. illegally — should be here at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's an important question for those workers, too. It came up repeatedly in our conversations, unprompted, because it affects their ability to find housing, education and work. They mentioned the fear of getting stopped by police, because some workers don't have a driver's license. (In most states, you can't get a driver's license if you don't have the legal right to be in the country.) A few workers didn't want me to mention their full names. Some workers noted that their children are citizens, while they aren't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's pretty obvious, once you start spending time in the fields, that much of the American food system rests on a tacit agreement to disregard the law. Workers present Social Security cards that are not their own. Employers accept those cards while assuming that some of those documents are not valid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's one category of worker that's often held up as an above-board alternative. These are the \"guest workers\" who are in the country temporarily on H-2A visas. Yet I realized, when I actually visited farms that employed those workers, that some of those farms also are disregarding immigration rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before arranging the visas for H-2A workers, employers are supposed to advertise those jobs and offer them to any domestic American workers who are willing to take them. In reality, some farms now rely almost completely on H-2A workers, and they don't appear to be trying very hard to hire anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. There are fewer families on the move.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some of the Head Start centers that I visited, the number of migrant children enrolled has been declining. It's a sign that the lives of farmworkers are evolving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a regular survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Labor, the percentage of farmworkers who were \"settled\" in one community has been rising steadily in recent years, reaching 78 percent in 2012. That's up from 42 percent in 1998, when there was a surge of \"newcomers\" who had recently entered the country from Mexico. The percentage of farmworkers in this \"newcomer\" category has fallen from 20 percent in 2000 to just 2 percent in 2012. There's no longer a stream of new workers arriving from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Martin, the increasingly settled farmworker population is part of the reason why farms in some areas are having a hard time finding workers: Those workers aren't willing to make the trip anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, it's a positive trend. Farmworkers are settling into communities and establishing local connections. They're less likely to be hidden away in isolated \"work camps\" in far corners of orchards and fields. Bit by bit, those workers are coming out of the shadows of the American food economy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Most of us don't usually get to meet the people who pick our apples, oranges or other seasonal favorites. What are their lives and work like? Dan Charles has spent the past year finding out.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1468619244,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1517},"headData":{"title":"Inside The Lives Of Farmworkers: Top 5 Lessons I Learned On The Ground | KQED","description":"Most of us don't usually get to meet the people who pick our apples, oranges or other seasonal favorites. What are their lives and work like? Dan Charles has spent the past year finding out.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"110781 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=110781","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/07/15/inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground/","disqusTitle":"Inside The Lives Of Farmworkers: Top 5 Lessons I Learned On The Ground","nprImageCredit":"Dan Charles","nprByline":"Dan Charles, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"484967591","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=484967591&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/15/484967591/inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground?ft=nprml&f=484967591","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 15 Jul 2016 16:37:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 15 Jul 2016 14:59:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 15 Jul 2016 16:37:37 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/110781/inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Most of us — and by \"us,\" I mean urban and suburban consumers like me — don't usually get to meet the people who pick our apples, oranges or strawberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So about a year ago, I decided to launch a series of stories about the people who harvest some of America's iconic seasonal foods. Many of these workers move from place to place, following the seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I visited workers who were harvesting \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/23/448579214/inside-the-life-of-an-apple-picker\">apples\u003c/a> in Pennsylvania, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/24/457203127/behind-your-holiday-sweet-potato-dish-hard-work-in-the-fields\">sweet potatoes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/13/484015376/for-pickers-blueberries-mean-easier-labor-but-more-upheaval\">blueberries\u003c/a> in North Carolina, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/28/464453958/guest-workers-legal-yet-not-quite-free-pick-floridas-oranges\">oranges\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/21/470424834/in-florida-strawberry-fields-are-not-forever\">strawberries\u003c/a> in Florida. In each place, I also talked to farmers who own those crops and hire the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I set a couple of rules for myself. I wouldn't contact workers through their employers, and I would not use them simply as stage props in stories about current political debates — such as the arguments over immigration, or pesticides, or minimum-wage rules. These were supposed to be stories about people and places, not government policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I got a lot of help from several groups that provide services to farmworkers and their families: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecmhsp.org/\">East Coast Migrant Head Start Project\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rcma.org/index.html\">Redlands Christian Migrant Association\u003c/a>; and \u003ca href=\"http://www.frls.org/\">Florida Rural Legal Services\u003c/a>. People at these organizations put me in touch with farmworker families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what did I learn? Here's a short list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. It's a hard life, but there's more to it than hardship.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no question that the life of a farmworker is tough — especially those who migrate from place to place, following the harvest. They move from one temporary home to another, carrying everything they own with them. The work is physically exhausting, poorly paid, and on top of that, it's completely uncertain. At any moment, workers can be told that they're not needed anymore. More than one farm employer has told me, \"Nobody wants their child to be a farmworker.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of that is particularly surprising. It fits with a familiar image of farmworkers that goes back at least to \u003cem>The Grapes of Wrath.\u003c/em> What did surprise me was how many of them told me that they enjoyed the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apple orchard is \"a free environment,\" Jose Martinez told me. \"You can express yourself, you can say anything you want.\" Several farmworkers told me that they were proud of their ability to do this work. They were good at it, and they knew it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. The big difficulty is not so much low wages — it's sporadic work.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworkers typically get paid by the pound, and the hourly wage, when they're working, sometimes isn't too shabby. Workers harvesting apples and blueberries, in particular, told me that when they were working fast and the trees or bushes were full of fruit, they could earn more than $20 an hour. As any freelancer or independent contractor knows, though, it's the time when you're not working that kills you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I visited Nabor Segundo and his wife, Rosalia Morales, they hadn't been able to harvest sweet potatoes on that day because it was raining and the ground was too wet. So they didn't get paid for that day. There can be days or entire weeks without work, when one crop is finished and the next one isn't yet ready for harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many farmworkers, a guarantee of steady work in one place could be more attractive than a small boost in their pay per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. The shortage of farmworkers is real.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fruit and vegetable farmers across the country are complaining about a growing shortage of farm laborers. The shortage is largely due to a slowdown in immigration from Mexico. From time to time, there are predictions of disaster, with crops rotting in the fields because there aren't enough people to harvest them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, this should force employers to compete for scarce workers, perhaps by offering higher wages. In fact, farm wages are rising in some places, though not dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers often argue that they can't afford to pay their workers more because they're competing against vegetable growers abroad, for instance in Mexico. They say that the U.S. has a choice: It can either import more farmworkers, keeping wages here low, or it will end up importing food from low-wage Mexican farms instead. So these farmers have been pushing for a new \"guest worker\" program that would allow them to bring in additional foreign workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on my conversations with workers, the choice is not quite that stark. Farmers are able to compete for workers, and some already are doing so. Workers told me about apple and strawberry growers who were known for paying well, providing good housing, and treating their workers fairly. Those farmers had little problem finding enough workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip Martin, an economist at the University of California, Davis, who's spent his professional life studying farm labor markets, says employers are adapting to the worker shortage in four different ways: offering incentives to workers and treating them better; bringing in technologies (like conveyor belts in the fields) that allow fewer workers to do the same amount of work; replacing workers with machines; and bringing in foreign workers using special visas, called H-2A visas, that are available for seasonal farm labor. The number of these \"guest workers\" has been increasing sharply in recent years. Martin estimates that they now account for 10 percent of \"long-season jobs on crop farms.\" They represent the majority of workers in Florida's citrus groves and North Carolina's sweet potato fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. That elephant sitting in the corner is legal status, aka \"papers.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These stories were about food and the people who harvest it, not immigration policy. I didn't generally ask these workers whether they were in the country legally — just as I don't generally ask scientists or corporate executives about their immigration status when I interview them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many listeners and readers, though, this was the most important question. They filled the comments sections on these stories with commentary about U.S. immigration policies and debated whether those workers — whom they assumed were in the U.S. illegally — should be here at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's an important question for those workers, too. It came up repeatedly in our conversations, unprompted, because it affects their ability to find housing, education and work. They mentioned the fear of getting stopped by police, because some workers don't have a driver's license. (In most states, you can't get a driver's license if you don't have the legal right to be in the country.) A few workers didn't want me to mention their full names. Some workers noted that their children are citizens, while they aren't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's pretty obvious, once you start spending time in the fields, that much of the American food system rests on a tacit agreement to disregard the law. Workers present Social Security cards that are not their own. Employers accept those cards while assuming that some of those documents are not valid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's one category of worker that's often held up as an above-board alternative. These are the \"guest workers\" who are in the country temporarily on H-2A visas. Yet I realized, when I actually visited farms that employed those workers, that some of those farms also are disregarding immigration rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before arranging the visas for H-2A workers, employers are supposed to advertise those jobs and offer them to any domestic American workers who are willing to take them. In reality, some farms now rely almost completely on H-2A workers, and they don't appear to be trying very hard to hire anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. There are fewer families on the move.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some of the Head Start centers that I visited, the number of migrant children enrolled has been declining. It's a sign that the lives of farmworkers are evolving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a regular survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Labor, the percentage of farmworkers who were \"settled\" in one community has been rising steadily in recent years, reaching 78 percent in 2012. That's up from 42 percent in 1998, when there was a surge of \"newcomers\" who had recently entered the country from Mexico. The percentage of farmworkers in this \"newcomer\" category has fallen from 20 percent in 2000 to just 2 percent in 2012. There's no longer a stream of new workers arriving from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Martin, the increasingly settled farmworker population is part of the reason why farms in some areas are having a hard time finding workers: Those workers aren't willing to make the trip anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, it's a positive trend. Farmworkers are settling into communities and establishing local connections. They're less likely to be hidden away in isolated \"work camps\" in far corners of orchards and fields. Bit by bit, those workers are coming out of the shadows of the American food economy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/110781/inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground","authors":["byline_bayareabites_110781"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874"],"tags":["bayareabites_134","bayareabites_2143","bayareabites_1057","bayareabites_3644","bayareabites_14177"],"featImg":"bayareabites_110782","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_99851":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_99851","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"99851","score":null,"sort":[1440722758000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"despite-the-drought-california-farms-see-record-sales-in-2014","title":"Despite The Drought, California Farms See Record Sales In 2014","publishDate":1440722758,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on Morning Edition:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2015/08/20150827_me_despite_the_drought_california_farms_see_record_sales.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While prolonged drought has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/08/27/434763709/farmworkers-see-jobs-earnings-shrivel-in-california-drought\">strained\u003c/a> California agriculture, most of the state's farms, it seems, aren't just surviving it: They are prospering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environment, though, that's another story. We'll get to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first, the prosperity. According to new \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/farm-income-and-wealth-statistics/annual-cash-receipts-by-commodity.aspx#P892cc423657a499584e30a89895d0f4d_2_16iT0R0x5\">figures\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, in 2014, the year the drought really hit, California's farmers sold $54 billion worth of crops like almonds or grapes, and animal products like milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's an all-time record, up 5 percent over the previous year, and an increase of 20 percent from 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're surprised by this, you haven't been paying close attention, says \u003ca href=\"http://are.ucdavis.edu/en/people/faculty/daniel-sumner/#pk_campaign=short-name-redirect&pk_kwd=sumner\">Daniel Sumner\u003c/a>, an agricultural economist at the University of California, Davis. It's been clear for some time, he says, that California's farmers did very well last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two keys to the record-breaking revenues. The first is prices. \"You have all-time high prices over the whole range of crops,\" says Richard Howitt, another economist at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, even though farmers didn't get their normal supply of water from rivers and reservoirs, they pumped it from underground aquifers instead. According to a \u003ca href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/files/biblio/DroughtReport_23July2014_0.pdf\">report\u003c/a> that Sumner and Howitt co-authored last year, farmers in 2014 replaced about 75 percent of their surface water deficit by draining their groundwater reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James McFarlane, who grows almonds and citrus near Fresno, is one of those farmers. He says that drought has been \"beyond terrible\" for some farmers. But for him personally? \"It's been a good year. We've been able to make some money, and you have to just count your blessings and call that a good year,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McFarlane has received some irrigation water from Kings River, via the Fresno Irrigation District, but he is also pumping water from his wells. \"If it weren't for the wells, we couldn't have made it work,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howitt says that there are two contrasting realities in California agriculture these days. \"Some people just don't have the underground water. You meet these people and they really are in poor shape,\" he says. But where there is water, \"you have investors pouring money into planting these almond trees at a rate that they've never seen before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is also where the environmental damage comes in. Those underground reserves are getting depleted, wells are going dry, and in many locations, the land is sinking as water is drawn out. When this happens, it permanently reduces the soil's ability to absorb and store water in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has enacted new rules that eventually should stop farmers from pumping so much groundwater, but for now, it continues. This year, California's farmers are still pumping enough groundwater to replace about 70 percent of the shortfall in surface water, according to a new UC Davis \u003ca href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/files/biblio/Final_Drought%20Report_08182015_Full_Report_WithAppendices.pdf\">report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such extensive use of groundwater can't continue forever, and high commodity prices probably won't either. Milk prices already have fallen, and if China stops buying so much of California's nut production, those prices may crash as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the good side, though, maybe rain and snow will return, filling the reservoirs again. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"While the drought has put a strain on California agriculture, its farms actually set a record for total sales — $54 billion — in 2014. How? By pumping more water from their wells.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1440722758,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":561},"headData":{"title":"Despite The Drought, California Farms See Record Sales In 2014 | KQED","description":"While the drought has put a strain on California agriculture, its farms actually set a record for total sales — $54 billion — in 2014. How? By pumping more water from their wells.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"99851 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=99851","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/08/27/despite-the-drought-california-farms-see-record-sales-in-2014/","disqusTitle":"Despite The Drought, California Farms See Record Sales In 2014","nprByline":"Dan Charles, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/npr-food/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"434649587","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=434649587&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/08/27/434649587/despite-the-drought-california-farms-see-record-sales?ft=nprml&f=434649587","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 27 Aug 2015 16:03:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 27 Aug 2015 05:08:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 27 Aug 2015 16:03:03 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2015/08/20150827_me_despite_the_drought_california_farms_see_record_sales.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=145&p=3&story=434649587&t=progseg&e=435112692&seg=2&ft=nprml&f=434649587","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1435113654-fb1e88.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=145&p=3&story=434649587&t=progseg&e=435112692&seg=2&ft=nprml&f=434649587","path":"/bayareabites/99851/despite-the-drought-california-farms-see-record-sales-in-2014","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2015/08/20150827_me_despite_the_drought_california_farms_see_record_sales.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=145&p=3&story=434649587&t=progseg&e=435112692&seg=2&ft=nprml&f=434649587","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story on Morning Edition:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2015/08/20150827_me_despite_the_drought_california_farms_see_record_sales.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While prolonged drought has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/08/27/434763709/farmworkers-see-jobs-earnings-shrivel-in-california-drought\">strained\u003c/a> California agriculture, most of the state's farms, it seems, aren't just surviving it: They are prospering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environment, though, that's another story. We'll get to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first, the prosperity. According to new \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/farm-income-and-wealth-statistics/annual-cash-receipts-by-commodity.aspx#P892cc423657a499584e30a89895d0f4d_2_16iT0R0x5\">figures\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, in 2014, the year the drought really hit, California's farmers sold $54 billion worth of crops like almonds or grapes, and animal products like milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's an all-time record, up 5 percent over the previous year, and an increase of 20 percent from 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're surprised by this, you haven't been paying close attention, says \u003ca href=\"http://are.ucdavis.edu/en/people/faculty/daniel-sumner/#pk_campaign=short-name-redirect&pk_kwd=sumner\">Daniel Sumner\u003c/a>, an agricultural economist at the University of California, Davis. It's been clear for some time, he says, that California's farmers did very well last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two keys to the record-breaking revenues. The first is prices. \"You have all-time high prices over the whole range of crops,\" says Richard Howitt, another economist at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, even though farmers didn't get their normal supply of water from rivers and reservoirs, they pumped it from underground aquifers instead. According to a \u003ca href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/files/biblio/DroughtReport_23July2014_0.pdf\">report\u003c/a> that Sumner and Howitt co-authored last year, farmers in 2014 replaced about 75 percent of their surface water deficit by draining their groundwater reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James McFarlane, who grows almonds and citrus near Fresno, is one of those farmers. He says that drought has been \"beyond terrible\" for some farmers. But for him personally? \"It's been a good year. We've been able to make some money, and you have to just count your blessings and call that a good year,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McFarlane has received some irrigation water from Kings River, via the Fresno Irrigation District, but he is also pumping water from his wells. \"If it weren't for the wells, we couldn't have made it work,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howitt says that there are two contrasting realities in California agriculture these days. \"Some people just don't have the underground water. You meet these people and they really are in poor shape,\" he says. But where there is water, \"you have investors pouring money into planting these almond trees at a rate that they've never seen before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is also where the environmental damage comes in. Those underground reserves are getting depleted, wells are going dry, and in many locations, the land is sinking as water is drawn out. When this happens, it permanently reduces the soil's ability to absorb and store water in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has enacted new rules that eventually should stop farmers from pumping so much groundwater, but for now, it continues. This year, California's farmers are still pumping enough groundwater to replace about 70 percent of the shortfall in surface water, according to a new UC Davis \u003ca href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/files/biblio/Final_Drought%20Report_08182015_Full_Report_WithAppendices.pdf\">report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such extensive use of groundwater can't continue forever, and high commodity prices probably won't either. Milk prices already have fallen, and if China stops buying so much of California's nut production, those prices may crash as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the good side, though, maybe rain and snow will return, filling the reservoirs again. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/99851/despite-the-drought-california-farms-see-record-sales-in-2014","authors":["byline_bayareabites_99851"],"categories":["bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_34","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_250","bayareabites_13888","bayareabites_11813","bayareabites_134","bayareabites_14735","bayareabites_1344"],"featImg":"bayareabites_99852","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_92650":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_92650","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"92650","score":null,"sort":[1422739585000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-will-we-grow-new-farmers","title":"How Will We Grow New Farmers?","publishDate":1422739585,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92652\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 610px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/lonely_mountain_planting.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/lonely_mountain_planting.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: Courtesy of Lonely Mountain Farm\" width=\"610\" height=\"407\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92652\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Courtesy of Lonely Mountain Farm\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Brie Mazurek, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/article/how-will-we-grow-new-farmers\" target=\"_blank\">CUESA\u003c/a> (1/30/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers perform one of society’s most essential functions, yet farming is one of the most undervalued and endangered professions in the United States. Beginning farmers face many challenges: limited access to land and capital, hard physical labor, slim margins, debt, and uncertain income, just to name a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a gamble every year,” said 30-year-old farmer Kenny Baker of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/seller/lonely-mountain-farm\" target=\"_blank\">Lonely Mountain Farm\u003c/a> at a recent CUESA discussion called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/event/2015/growing-new-farmers\" target=\"_blank\">Growing New Farmers\u003c/a>.” “There are a lot of variables and you’re pretty much not in control. You’re just trying to manage what’s going on out there and not mess up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for all the uncertainties and difficulties young farmers like Kenny are up against, many are able to find much deeper rewards. “Farming has freedoms that other jobs wouldn’t have,” he said. “It’s about having a long-term vision for your life.” \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Growing Pains\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/USDA_increase_age_2012.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/USDA_increase_age_2012.png\" alt=\"Census of Agriculture\" width=\"250\" height=\"203\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-92653\">\u003c/a>The age of our farmers is steadily climbing, with not enough younger farmers stepping in to replace those who retire. According to the latest \u003ca href=\"http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/\" target=\"_blank\">Census of Agriculture\u003c/a>, the average age of a farm owner in 2012 was 58.3, up from 57.1 in 2007. Half of all farmers are likely to retire in the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason for this generation gap is that many children of farmers are moving into other careers. Journalist Kiera Butler, who recently wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520275805\" target=\"_blank\">book about the youth development program 4-H\u003c/a>, noted that many parents in farming communities discourage their children from following in their footsteps, instead wanting them to go to college. At one 4-H she visited in Salinas, “Parents were shielding their kids from agriculture,” she said. “The last thing they wanted for their kids was to be farmworkers like them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also behind this shortage of farmers is the shift in our food system over the last 100 years from small family farms to large-scale industrial models. Many mid-sized farmers are going out of business, while large operations are buying up the land, leaving few opportunities for new farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First-generation dairy farmer Jennifer Taylor saw that there were not many opportunities for first-time small farmers to get the formal training and resources they needed to get started. She was hired by the Center for Land-Based Learning to establish the \u003ca href=\"http://landbasedlearning.org/farm-academy\" target=\"_blank\">California Farm Academy\u003c/a>, a six-month “farmer bootcamp” with a focus on hands-on practice, marketing, and business skills, and a strong emphasis on sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People come for all kinds of reasons,” said Taylor, “mostly because they became passionate about the food system in such a way that they want to back up to actually growing the food.” Once students successfully complete the program, they can lease farmland and equipment through the Academy’s incubator program, or get assistance with leases on other farms, overcoming one of the biggest hurdles new farmers face.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Starting Small\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92651\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/lonely_mountain_kenny.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/lonely_mountain_kenny.jpg\" alt=\"Kenny Baker of Lonely Mountain Farm\" width=\"250\" height=\"333\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92651\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kenny Baker of Lonely Mountain Farm\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like many first-generation farmers, Kenny Baker took the less-traveled path. After growing up in the suburbs of the San Fernando Valley, he went to college at UC Santa Cruz to study anthropology, but he found himself drawn to farmers markets. He spent a couple years learning the ropes at \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/seller/thomas-farm\" target=\"_blank\">Thomas Farm\u003c/a> in Corralitos, then took the plunge to start his own operation, Lonely Mountain Farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a savings of $10,000, he was able to lease a couple acres, buy a tractor and some seed, and install irrigation. He planted dried beans and potatoes, crops that he knew wouldn’t go bad while he figured out how to sell them. He started with farmers markets, where he could develop direct relationships with shoppers and chefs. Farmers markets are now 90% of his sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With help from his parents, he was able to purchase 12 acres, a huge step in growing the farm. “Owning a piece of land has changed our operation,” said Baker. “We’re investing in the future, putting fruit trees in, setting up infrastructure, using animals in rotational ways.” After five years of farming, economic sustainability still remains elusive, but Kenny says his farm is moving in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evan Wiig had a similarly winding path to farming. While working an office job in New York City, he took refuge in his local community garden. When an opportunity to help out at his friend’s cattle ranch in Sonoma County arose, he jumped at the chance, but there was a steep learning curve, compounded by the isolation of rural living. “There were definitely more cows than people,” said Evan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other young farmers were few and far between, but he sought them out and started hosting “Meatloaf Mondays,” a regular gathering to bring his fellow farmers together at his ranch house to talk shop and share their experiences. The gatherings quickly grew from a few farmers to 50. He had to move them the local grange hall and started calling the group \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmersguild.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Farmers Guild\u003c/a>. Guilds have blossomed across the state as forums where farmers can share knowledge, pool resources, and build community.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Overcoming Obstacles\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/USDA-Faces_of_Agriculture_Hi.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/USDA-Faces_of_Agriculture_Hi.png\" alt=\"USDA Census of Agriculture\" width=\"250\" height=\"259\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-92654\">\u003c/a>With so many barriers facing young farmers, the panelists offered some lessons from their journeys:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Develop a business plan:\u003c/strong> As Wiig put it, “A lot of people come into agriculture because they’re fascinated with growing plants or working with animals, not recognizing that you will spend a lot of time adding up numbers, communicating with customers, and doing logistics.” Resources like the California Farm Academy train farmers in sales, marketing, and developing a long-term business plan for economic viability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Be thrifty:\u003c/strong> For large-scale farmers the infrastructure and overhead costs are high, but resourceful small-scale farmers can often make do with less. Taylor says, “You may not start out with all the biggest, shiniest gadgets, but if you’re a creative person, if you have friends, if you barter, if you build…you can do things for less than what the industry may say you need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start small and expand wisely: Medium-sized farms, unfortunately, are being squeezed out by large-scale farms, but there are opportunities to be economically sustainable on a small scale. “People are starting small farming operations of a couple acres and maybe growing to 300 or 400 acres, but that’s still fairly small. That’s where people are getting into direct marketing, grass finishing, and small dairy operations, where there’s an ability to make a profit,” says Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Grow your niche:\u003c/strong> Many beginning farmers gravitate toward organics, heirlooms, and pastured livestock, where there’s less competition from the big guys. “We try to focus on color, texture, and shape, bringing more than just conventional produce you would see at the grocery store,” says Baker, who now grows a variety of organic vegetables and flowers. “We want to wow people with unique items they’ve never heard of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find strength in numbers:\u003c/strong> Meeting with other farmers is important not only for exchanging knowledge, experiences, and resources, but also for political organizing and raising public awareness about issues that farmers face. For example, recognizing that student debt is a huge barrier for recent college grads, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youngfarmers.org/studentloans/\" target=\"_blank\">National Young Farmers Coalition recently launched a campaign\u003c/a> to include farming in the national Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Educating the Next Generation\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>All the panelists agreed that there’s a deep cultural need for exposure to our food system at all ages, and a need to create bridges between rural producers and urban consumers. Such education is crucial in building community support for young farmers, so that farming is seen as a viable and valuable occupation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the huge advantages that small farmers have is the ability to meet and interact with consumers directly—to literally put a face on their farm. As Kenny observed, “We’re in a good place education-wise because people are interested in the story of the farm and are willing to invest more in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiig concurred: “You can’t compete with the commodity prices, so you really do have to tell a story. Hopefully it is one of doing something differently, something that’s more fair, just, and ecologically minded, and something that’s going to support rural America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/audio/growing-new-farmers\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Listen to the audio »\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>January 26, 2015. “Growing New Farmers,” hosted by CUESA. Panelists included Kenny Baker, farmer/owner of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/seller/lonely-mountain-farm\" target=\"_blank\">Lonely Mountain Farm\u003c/a>; Kiera Butler, author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520275805\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Raise: What 4-H Teaches Seven Million Kids and How Its Lessons Could Change Food & Farming Forever\u003c/em>\u003c/a>; Jennifer Taylor, director of the Center for Land-Based Learning’s \u003ca href=\"http://landbasedlearning.org/farm-academy\" target=\"_blank\">California Farm Academy\u003c/a>; and Evan Wiig, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmersguild.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Farmers Guild\u003c/a>. Moderated by Julie Cummins, CUESA’s Director of Education.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The average age of the American farmer is steadily increasing, and new farmers are entering the profession much more slowly than older farmers are retiring. Who will grow food for the next generation? CUESA and a panel of experts discuss 4-H, beginning farmer programs, the future of farming, and what it takes for an aspiring farmer to achieve the dream.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1422739585,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1534},"headData":{"title":"How Will We Grow New Farmers? | KQED","description":"The average age of the American farmer is steadily increasing, and new farmers are entering the profession much more slowly than older farmers are retiring. Who will grow food for the next generation? CUESA and a panel of experts discuss 4-H, beginning farmer programs, the future of farming, and what it takes for an aspiring farmer to achieve the dream.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"92650 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=92650","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/01/31/how-will-we-grow-new-farmers/","disqusTitle":"How Will We Grow New Farmers?","path":"/bayareabites/92650/how-will-we-grow-new-farmers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92652\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 610px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/lonely_mountain_planting.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/lonely_mountain_planting.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: Courtesy of Lonely Mountain Farm\" width=\"610\" height=\"407\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92652\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Courtesy of Lonely Mountain Farm\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by Brie Mazurek, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/article/how-will-we-grow-new-farmers\" target=\"_blank\">CUESA\u003c/a> (1/30/15)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers perform one of society’s most essential functions, yet farming is one of the most undervalued and endangered professions in the United States. Beginning farmers face many challenges: limited access to land and capital, hard physical labor, slim margins, debt, and uncertain income, just to name a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a gamble every year,” said 30-year-old farmer Kenny Baker of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/seller/lonely-mountain-farm\" target=\"_blank\">Lonely Mountain Farm\u003c/a> at a recent CUESA discussion called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/event/2015/growing-new-farmers\" target=\"_blank\">Growing New Farmers\u003c/a>.” “There are a lot of variables and you’re pretty much not in control. You’re just trying to manage what’s going on out there and not mess up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for all the uncertainties and difficulties young farmers like Kenny are up against, many are able to find much deeper rewards. “Farming has freedoms that other jobs wouldn’t have,” he said. “It’s about having a long-term vision for your life.” \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Growing Pains\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/USDA_increase_age_2012.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/USDA_increase_age_2012.png\" alt=\"Census of Agriculture\" width=\"250\" height=\"203\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-92653\">\u003c/a>The age of our farmers is steadily climbing, with not enough younger farmers stepping in to replace those who retire. According to the latest \u003ca href=\"http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/\" target=\"_blank\">Census of Agriculture\u003c/a>, the average age of a farm owner in 2012 was 58.3, up from 57.1 in 2007. Half of all farmers are likely to retire in the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason for this generation gap is that many children of farmers are moving into other careers. Journalist Kiera Butler, who recently wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520275805\" target=\"_blank\">book about the youth development program 4-H\u003c/a>, noted that many parents in farming communities discourage their children from following in their footsteps, instead wanting them to go to college. At one 4-H she visited in Salinas, “Parents were shielding their kids from agriculture,” she said. “The last thing they wanted for their kids was to be farmworkers like them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also behind this shortage of farmers is the shift in our food system over the last 100 years from small family farms to large-scale industrial models. Many mid-sized farmers are going out of business, while large operations are buying up the land, leaving few opportunities for new farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First-generation dairy farmer Jennifer Taylor saw that there were not many opportunities for first-time small farmers to get the formal training and resources they needed to get started. She was hired by the Center for Land-Based Learning to establish the \u003ca href=\"http://landbasedlearning.org/farm-academy\" target=\"_blank\">California Farm Academy\u003c/a>, a six-month “farmer bootcamp” with a focus on hands-on practice, marketing, and business skills, and a strong emphasis on sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People come for all kinds of reasons,” said Taylor, “mostly because they became passionate about the food system in such a way that they want to back up to actually growing the food.” Once students successfully complete the program, they can lease farmland and equipment through the Academy’s incubator program, or get assistance with leases on other farms, overcoming one of the biggest hurdles new farmers face.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Starting Small\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92651\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/lonely_mountain_kenny.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/lonely_mountain_kenny.jpg\" alt=\"Kenny Baker of Lonely Mountain Farm\" width=\"250\" height=\"333\" class=\"size-full wp-image-92651\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kenny Baker of Lonely Mountain Farm\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like many first-generation farmers, Kenny Baker took the less-traveled path. After growing up in the suburbs of the San Fernando Valley, he went to college at UC Santa Cruz to study anthropology, but he found himself drawn to farmers markets. He spent a couple years learning the ropes at \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/seller/thomas-farm\" target=\"_blank\">Thomas Farm\u003c/a> in Corralitos, then took the plunge to start his own operation, Lonely Mountain Farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a savings of $10,000, he was able to lease a couple acres, buy a tractor and some seed, and install irrigation. He planted dried beans and potatoes, crops that he knew wouldn’t go bad while he figured out how to sell them. He started with farmers markets, where he could develop direct relationships with shoppers and chefs. Farmers markets are now 90% of his sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With help from his parents, he was able to purchase 12 acres, a huge step in growing the farm. “Owning a piece of land has changed our operation,” said Baker. “We’re investing in the future, putting fruit trees in, setting up infrastructure, using animals in rotational ways.” After five years of farming, economic sustainability still remains elusive, but Kenny says his farm is moving in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evan Wiig had a similarly winding path to farming. While working an office job in New York City, he took refuge in his local community garden. When an opportunity to help out at his friend’s cattle ranch in Sonoma County arose, he jumped at the chance, but there was a steep learning curve, compounded by the isolation of rural living. “There were definitely more cows than people,” said Evan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other young farmers were few and far between, but he sought them out and started hosting “Meatloaf Mondays,” a regular gathering to bring his fellow farmers together at his ranch house to talk shop and share their experiences. The gatherings quickly grew from a few farmers to 50. He had to move them the local grange hall and started calling the group \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmersguild.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Farmers Guild\u003c/a>. Guilds have blossomed across the state as forums where farmers can share knowledge, pool resources, and build community.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Overcoming Obstacles\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/USDA-Faces_of_Agriculture_Hi.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/USDA-Faces_of_Agriculture_Hi.png\" alt=\"USDA Census of Agriculture\" width=\"250\" height=\"259\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-92654\">\u003c/a>With so many barriers facing young farmers, the panelists offered some lessons from their journeys:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Develop a business plan:\u003c/strong> As Wiig put it, “A lot of people come into agriculture because they’re fascinated with growing plants or working with animals, not recognizing that you will spend a lot of time adding up numbers, communicating with customers, and doing logistics.” Resources like the California Farm Academy train farmers in sales, marketing, and developing a long-term business plan for economic viability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Be thrifty:\u003c/strong> For large-scale farmers the infrastructure and overhead costs are high, but resourceful small-scale farmers can often make do with less. Taylor says, “You may not start out with all the biggest, shiniest gadgets, but if you’re a creative person, if you have friends, if you barter, if you build…you can do things for less than what the industry may say you need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start small and expand wisely: Medium-sized farms, unfortunately, are being squeezed out by large-scale farms, but there are opportunities to be economically sustainable on a small scale. “People are starting small farming operations of a couple acres and maybe growing to 300 or 400 acres, but that’s still fairly small. That’s where people are getting into direct marketing, grass finishing, and small dairy operations, where there’s an ability to make a profit,” says Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Grow your niche:\u003c/strong> Many beginning farmers gravitate toward organics, heirlooms, and pastured livestock, where there’s less competition from the big guys. “We try to focus on color, texture, and shape, bringing more than just conventional produce you would see at the grocery store,” says Baker, who now grows a variety of organic vegetables and flowers. “We want to wow people with unique items they’ve never heard of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find strength in numbers:\u003c/strong> Meeting with other farmers is important not only for exchanging knowledge, experiences, and resources, but also for political organizing and raising public awareness about issues that farmers face. For example, recognizing that student debt is a huge barrier for recent college grads, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youngfarmers.org/studentloans/\" target=\"_blank\">National Young Farmers Coalition recently launched a campaign\u003c/a> to include farming in the national Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Educating the Next Generation\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>All the panelists agreed that there’s a deep cultural need for exposure to our food system at all ages, and a need to create bridges between rural producers and urban consumers. Such education is crucial in building community support for young farmers, so that farming is seen as a viable and valuable occupation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the huge advantages that small farmers have is the ability to meet and interact with consumers directly—to literally put a face on their farm. As Kenny observed, “We’re in a good place education-wise because people are interested in the story of the farm and are willing to invest more in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiig concurred: “You can’t compete with the commodity prices, so you really do have to tell a story. Hopefully it is one of doing something differently, something that’s more fair, just, and ecologically minded, and something that’s going to support rural America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/audio/growing-new-farmers\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Listen to the audio »\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>January 26, 2015. “Growing New Farmers,” hosted by CUESA. Panelists included Kenny Baker, farmer/owner of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuesa.org/seller/lonely-mountain-farm\" target=\"_blank\">Lonely Mountain Farm\u003c/a>; Kiera Butler, author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520275805\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Raise: What 4-H Teaches Seven Million Kids and How Its Lessons Could Change Food & Farming Forever\u003c/em>\u003c/a>; Jennifer Taylor, director of the Center for Land-Based Learning’s \u003ca href=\"http://landbasedlearning.org/farm-academy\" target=\"_blank\">California Farm Academy\u003c/a>; and Evan Wiig, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmersguild.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Farmers Guild\u003c/a>. Moderated by Julie Cummins, CUESA’s Director of Education.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/92650/how-will-we-grow-new-farmers","authors":["5484"],"categories":["bayareabites_109","bayareabites_12276","bayareabites_50","bayareabites_1874"],"tags":["bayareabites_134","bayareabites_14118"],"featImg":"bayareabites_92652","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_88745":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_88745","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"88745","score":null,"sort":[1413205208000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-farmers-pray-for-rain-prepare-for-continued-drought","title":"California Farmers Pray for Rain, Prepare for Continued Drought","publishDate":1413205208,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88754\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/IMG_4046-e1413174116143.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-88754\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/IMG_4046-e1413174116143.jpg\" alt=\"KQED's Silicon Valley News Desk reporter Rachael Myrow moderates a panel discussion on sustainable agriculture for The Center for Land-Based Learning. Panelists (L to R): Kat Taylor, Founding Director of TomKat Ranch & CEO of Beneficial State Bank; Bonnie Powell, Chief Director of Communications at Bon Appetit Management Co.; Marc Manara, Co-founder of Kincao; Thaddeus Barsotti, Chief Farmer/Co-owner Farm Fresh To You & Capay Organic. Photo: Nina Suzuki\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED's Silicon Valley News Desk reporter Rachael Myrow moderates a panel discussion on sustainable agriculture for The Center for Land-Based Learning. Panelists (L to R): Kat Taylor, Founding Director of TomKat Ranch & CEO of Beneficial State Bank; Bonnie Powell, Chief Director of Communications at Bon Appetit Management Co.; Marc Manara, Co-founder of Kincao; Thaddeus Barsotti, Chief Farmer/Co-owner Farm Fresh To You & Capay Organic. Photo: Nina Suzuki\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Get a group of farmers and ranchers together and they will tell you without hesitation California's historic drought is driving up the cost of food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://landbasedlearning.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Center for Land-Based Learning\u003c/a>, a non-profit teaching people how to farm, held its \u003ca href=\"http://landbasedlearning.org/dinner-oracle\" target=\"_blank\">annual fundraiser\u003c/a> at the Oracle Conference Center in Redwood City this weekend. In the glossy lobby, Matt Byrne of \u003ca href=\"http://sunfedranch.com/\" target=\"_blank\">SunFed Ranch\u003c/a> cut an incongruous figure in his cowboy hat and boots. SunFed is based in Woodland, west of Sacramento. The beef is sold all over the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Byrne says the company is trimming its herd because there simply isn't enough water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ranchers usually feel the effects of drought early because each season we count on winter rains to provide the base for our feed for the entire year,\" Byrne says. \"Our operation, especially as a grass-fed operation, is based on raising cattle on grass, not on grain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means importing more expensive hay and reducing the number of cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As it stands today we're probably down a little bit. Maybe 3,500 instead of the 5,000 we would normally be. And we’ve had to move those animals further afield, not quite so close to home to find the grass, just because we’ve had to go to where the pasture’s available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA has predicted the price of meat, dairy and vegetables will \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/in-the-news/california-drought-2014-farm-and-food-impacts.aspx#.VDryvBYqgws\" target=\"_blank\">continue to rise\u003c/a>, overall by up to 3.5% this year over last, because of the drought, but the impacts vary according to which crop you’re talking about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A farmer who grows tree fruit can’t switch crops from season to season, but a farmer who grows produce has more flexibility in which fields to fallow and what kind of produce to grow. Thaddeus Barsotti, co-owner of \u003ca href=\"http://capayorganic.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Capay Organic\u003c/a> in Yolo County, explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88748\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/IMG_4016-e1413173575203.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-88748\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/IMG_4016-e1413173575203.jpg\" alt=\"Thaddeus Barsotti, Chief Farmer/Co-owner Farm Fresh To You and Capay Organic speaks to the audience at The Center for Land-Based Learning annual fundraiser. Photo: Nina Suzuki\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thaddeus Barsotti (on R), Chief Farmer/Co-owner Farm Fresh To You and Capay Organic speaks to the audience at The Center for Land-Based Learning annual fundraiser. Photo: Nina Suzuki\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Farmers have set aside their lowest yielding crops, their lowest dollar crops, and planted their higher value crops,\" Barsotti says. \"So maybe I’m not growing grain or safflower or silage crops for animals, but I am making sure to fill all my acres with lettuces and fresh vegetables. So we’ll see what happens next year. If we get to a point where the fresh produce crops aren’t going to be able to be produced that we want, prices are bound to go up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now many farmers and ranchers are using smart water practices and changing their crop practices to survive. But if the drought drags on into another year there will be far more damage to their businesses.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Farmers at the annual fundraiser for The Center for Land-Based Learning say they’re doing OK this year, with a bit of strategic tinkering and water-wise practices. But if the drought drags on into another year, they except to hurt, a lot.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1413213586,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":542},"headData":{"title":"California Farmers Pray for Rain, Prepare for Continued Drought | KQED","description":"Farmers at the annual fundraiser for The Center for Land-Based Learning say they’re doing OK this year, with a bit of strategic tinkering and water-wise practices. But if the drought drags on into another year, they except to hurt, a lot.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"88745 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=88745","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/10/13/california-farmers-pray-for-rain-prepare-for-continued-drought/","disqusTitle":"California Farmers Pray for Rain, Prepare for Continued Drought","path":"/bayareabites/88745/california-farmers-pray-for-rain-prepare-for-continued-drought","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88754\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/IMG_4046-e1413174116143.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-88754\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/IMG_4046-e1413174116143.jpg\" alt=\"KQED's Silicon Valley News Desk reporter Rachael Myrow moderates a panel discussion on sustainable agriculture for The Center for Land-Based Learning. Panelists (L to R): Kat Taylor, Founding Director of TomKat Ranch & CEO of Beneficial State Bank; Bonnie Powell, Chief Director of Communications at Bon Appetit Management Co.; Marc Manara, Co-founder of Kincao; Thaddeus Barsotti, Chief Farmer/Co-owner Farm Fresh To You & Capay Organic. Photo: Nina Suzuki\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED's Silicon Valley News Desk reporter Rachael Myrow moderates a panel discussion on sustainable agriculture for The Center for Land-Based Learning. Panelists (L to R): Kat Taylor, Founding Director of TomKat Ranch & CEO of Beneficial State Bank; Bonnie Powell, Chief Director of Communications at Bon Appetit Management Co.; Marc Manara, Co-founder of Kincao; Thaddeus Barsotti, Chief Farmer/Co-owner Farm Fresh To You & Capay Organic. Photo: Nina Suzuki\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Get a group of farmers and ranchers together and they will tell you without hesitation California's historic drought is driving up the cost of food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://landbasedlearning.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Center for Land-Based Learning\u003c/a>, a non-profit teaching people how to farm, held its \u003ca href=\"http://landbasedlearning.org/dinner-oracle\" target=\"_blank\">annual fundraiser\u003c/a> at the Oracle Conference Center in Redwood City this weekend. In the glossy lobby, Matt Byrne of \u003ca href=\"http://sunfedranch.com/\" target=\"_blank\">SunFed Ranch\u003c/a> cut an incongruous figure in his cowboy hat and boots. SunFed is based in Woodland, west of Sacramento. The beef is sold all over the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Byrne says the company is trimming its herd because there simply isn't enough water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ranchers usually feel the effects of drought early because each season we count on winter rains to provide the base for our feed for the entire year,\" Byrne says. \"Our operation, especially as a grass-fed operation, is based on raising cattle on grass, not on grain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means importing more expensive hay and reducing the number of cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As it stands today we're probably down a little bit. Maybe 3,500 instead of the 5,000 we would normally be. And we’ve had to move those animals further afield, not quite so close to home to find the grass, just because we’ve had to go to where the pasture’s available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA has predicted the price of meat, dairy and vegetables will \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/in-the-news/california-drought-2014-farm-and-food-impacts.aspx#.VDryvBYqgws\" target=\"_blank\">continue to rise\u003c/a>, overall by up to 3.5% this year over last, because of the drought, but the impacts vary according to which crop you’re talking about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A farmer who grows tree fruit can’t switch crops from season to season, but a farmer who grows produce has more flexibility in which fields to fallow and what kind of produce to grow. Thaddeus Barsotti, co-owner of \u003ca href=\"http://capayorganic.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Capay Organic\u003c/a> in Yolo County, explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88748\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/IMG_4016-e1413173575203.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-88748\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/10/IMG_4016-e1413173575203.jpg\" alt=\"Thaddeus Barsotti, Chief Farmer/Co-owner Farm Fresh To You and Capay Organic speaks to the audience at The Center for Land-Based Learning annual fundraiser. Photo: Nina Suzuki\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thaddeus Barsotti (on R), Chief Farmer/Co-owner Farm Fresh To You and Capay Organic speaks to the audience at The Center for Land-Based Learning annual fundraiser. Photo: Nina Suzuki\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Farmers have set aside their lowest yielding crops, their lowest dollar crops, and planted their higher value crops,\" Barsotti says. \"So maybe I’m not growing grain or safflower or silage crops for animals, but I am making sure to fill all my acres with lettuces and fresh vegetables. So we’ll see what happens next year. If we get to a point where the fresh produce crops aren’t going to be able to be produced that we want, prices are bound to go up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now many farmers and ranchers are using smart water practices and changing their crop practices to survive. But if the drought drags on into another year there will be far more damage to their businesses.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/88745/california-farmers-pray-for-rain-prepare-for-continued-drought","authors":["251"],"categories":["bayareabites_752","bayareabites_50","bayareabites_91","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_620","bayareabites_250","bayareabites_13888","bayareabites_10480","bayareabites_11813","bayareabites_134","bayareabites_2143","bayareabites_961","bayareabites_243","bayareabites_667","bayareabites_1344"],"featImg":"bayareabites_88754","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_83593":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_83593","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"83593","score":null,"sort":[1402965357000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers","title":"In The Making Of Megafarms, A Few Winners And Many Losers","publishDate":1402965357,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/farming-smalltown.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/farming-smalltown.jpg\" alt=\"When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1120\" height=\"629\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83601\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140616_atc_how_the_rise_of_the_megafarms_drained_small_heartland_towns.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/16/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems that everybody, going back at least to \u003ca href=\"http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/quotations-agriculture\">Thomas Jefferson\u003c/a>, loves small family farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet those beloved small farms are becoming increasingly irrelevant. Big farms are taking over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/\">latest census of American agriculture\u003c/a>, released this year, there are two million farms in America. But just four percent of those farms account for two-thirds of all agricultural production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are, of course, mixed feelings about this trend, even among farmers themselves. Talking to people in rural communities, one hears resignation, sadness, even some anger. Because as farms grow bigger, many small towns are shrinking and even dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand this trend from the inside, I made an appointment to meet Todd Zenger, a young man in his thirties who's among the top grain producers in Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I drove to meet him, I became increasingly confused. My GPS took me into a suburban development east of Manhattan, Kans., past neatly trimmed lawns and well-appointed houses. There wasn't a field or tractor in sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually I arrived at the house where Zenger and his wife Ty live. It is also the operations center of their farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fields are far away — hours away by car, in three completely separate parts of Kansas. But Zenger can sit at his desk and look down at them through Google maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is our Greensburg farm,\" he says, pointing to the outlines of irrigated circles in south-central Kansas. \"This is our Goodland farm. This is our Jewell farm.\" Goodland is in the northwest corner of Kansas. Jewell is in north-central Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His computer is linked directly to equipment on the farms. Zenger can check the moisture of corn in his grain bins from here. He can see what workers are doing with the farm equipment almost minute by minute. \"This pink line is where our tractor drove in the last 24 hours,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83594\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait-4746285473545215f1b9357271454711e3354fda.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait-4746285473545215f1b9357271454711e3354fda-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Todd Zenger (seated) with his father-in-law, Roger Oplinger. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-83594\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Todd Zenger (seated) with his father-in-law, Roger Oplinger. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This operation covers 16,000 acres; 25 square miles of Kansas farmland. It's almost certainly in the top 1 percent of American farms, in terms of sales. Half a century ago, there were probably dozens of farms on that land, and dozens of families. Yet Zenger and his father-in-law now manage this farm with just seven full-time employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those workers plant the seeds, spread the fertilizer and keep the irrigation water flowing. Zenger spends more of his time making big-ticket decisions: what seeds to buy, or when to sell their harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm in here, most days, paying attention to the grain markets,\" he says. \"You have to forward contract, you have to hedge, locking in profits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of how this farm got so large helps explain how American agriculture has changed over the past few decades. And it illustrates some of the costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That story begins with the white-haired man who's standing behind Todd Zenger, just listening. This is his father in law, Roger Oplinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oplinger grew up on a very small farm near the tiny town of Jewell, in north-central Kansas. He rode horses and milked cows by hand. But he had ambition. \"The natural thing for me as a farm kid was, I wanted to do things differently. I wanted to use automation. I wanted to farm more acres,\" he recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started with 80 acres that he bought from his grandfather, raising hogs and growing crops. Eventually he decided to just focus on growing crops: wheat, sorghum, soybeans and corn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worked hard and took big risks. \"We were probably on the edge of bankruptcy every year from 1980 until 1995,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone survived. Oplinger was among the fortunate ones. More than most, he also pushed to get bigger. \"I don't care what you do in capitalism, the natural process is to grow, and be profitable,\" Oplinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He saw opportunity in new technology: tractors that steer themselves, using GPS; bigger planters and harvesters. Farmers could afford to buy that equipment if they were big, and the technology made it a lot easier to farm more acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put that together, and growth meant bigger profits — which made it possible for him to buy even more land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a path to prosperity. But listening to Oplinger talk about it, I also sense a painful side of that journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He only lives part of the year now in Jewell, his home town. He says that it's become a lonely place for him. Some people in town don't even talk to him anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to say it,\" Oplinger says, and pauses for a while before continuing: \"But there's a lot of jealousy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there's a land auction, and he walks in, it gets real quiet. You know what other farmers are thinking, he says: \"How much is too much? How much is enough?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Oplinger feels like he has to defend himself, and the scale of his farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our farm grew to be large in a way that I have a very good conscience about — a clear conscience,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some farms grow at the expense of other people, he says. But his farm expanded, in many cases, because farm families came to him and his wife and asked them to rent their land, or buy their farms. \"They could no longer, within their family, farm and get the return from the land that they wanted,\" Oplinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oplinger admits that such decisions come with a cost. When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. And this is the source of much of the resentment aimed at big-time farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83595\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3455px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmHomestead_wide-47cca5b18e7542d85a4feac65bf96ae5cf20f7c7.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmHomestead_wide-47cca5b18e7542d85a4feac65bf96ae5cf20f7c7.jpg\" alt=\"An abandoned farmstead near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"3455\" height=\"1941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83595\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An abandoned farmstead near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oplinger's home town of Jewell, for example, no longer has its own schools. \u003cbr>The population of Jewell County has fallen by half over the past 50 years. There's no longer a store in the entire county where you can buy a pair of dress shoes, or a new suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donn Teske is a Kansas farmer who's watched these changes carefully. He's vice president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nfu.org/index.php\">National Farmers Union\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also lives near the town of Wheaton, Kan., where the stained glass windows of Wheaton Congregational Church, still the most impressive building in town, are now partly boarded up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83596\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait2-3bbbb9dfb27d952a2857a167996debf53d17a7e9.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait2-3bbbb9dfb27d952a2857a167996debf53d17a7e9-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Donn Teske looks through family heirlooms in a house where his ancestors lived near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-83596\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donn Teske looks through family heirlooms in a house where his ancestors lived near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Teske has deep roots in this community. As he drives me around the rolling grasslands and fields, he pulls out pictures of ancestors who built a new life here, starting with his great-great-grandfather Michael Teske who emigrated from Germany in 1868.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teske points out a tree-lined homestead where old friends once lived. \"Where his house set there's no house, and the barn will soon be torn down, and there's another segment of the local community that's gone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's happening lots of places, he says. Western Kansas is starting to look like the panhandle of Texas, where \"there's nothing left but huge modern farms and boarded-up main streets of county seats. And that's really sad to see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teske doesn't really have a solution. Economic competition between neighbors is a fact of farm life, he says, as is the sight of young people moving away because they see opportunity somewhere else, leaving family farms with no farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Teske says, the same thing might happen with his farm. \"We've survived on the farm, we raised four kids here. I'm proud of all my kids, they're going to be fine, but I don't know if any of them will come back to the farm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oplinger and his wife Barbara are handing over management of their megafarm to their daughter Ky and her husband, Todd Zenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you could say that this big farm is succeeding in keeping the family tradition alive. It's the cutting edge of agriculture, and an opportunity for the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that younger generation isn't exactly on the farm. The Zengers live a long way from the little town of Jewell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A tiny fraction of America's 2 million farmers produces most of our food. They are the winners of a long-running competition for land and profits that has also drained the life out of small towns.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1402965357,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":45,"wordCount":1445},"headData":{"title":"In The Making Of Megafarms, A Few Winners And Many Losers | KQED","description":"A tiny fraction of America's 2 million farmers produces most of our food. They are the winners of a long-running competition for land and profits that has also drained the life out of small towns.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"83593 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=83593","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/06/16/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers/","disqusTitle":"In The Making Of Megafarms, A Few Winners And Many Losers","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"321705130","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=321705130&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers?ft=3&f=321705130","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 16 Jun 2014 20:20:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 16 Jun 2014 17:19:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 16 Jun 2014 17:29:00 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140616_atc_how_the_rise_of_the_megafarms_drained_small_heartland_towns.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=321705130","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1322597936-bd59ad.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=321705130","path":"/bayareabites/83593/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140616_atc_how_the_rise_of_the_megafarms_drained_small_heartland_towns.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/farming-smalltown.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/farming-smalltown.jpg\" alt=\"When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1120\" height=\"629\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83601\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140616_atc_how_the_rise_of_the_megafarms_drained_small_heartland_towns.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/16/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems that everybody, going back at least to \u003ca href=\"http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/quotations-agriculture\">Thomas Jefferson\u003c/a>, loves small family farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet those beloved small farms are becoming increasingly irrelevant. Big farms are taking over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/\">latest census of American agriculture\u003c/a>, released this year, there are two million farms in America. But just four percent of those farms account for two-thirds of all agricultural production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are, of course, mixed feelings about this trend, even among farmers themselves. Talking to people in rural communities, one hears resignation, sadness, even some anger. Because as farms grow bigger, many small towns are shrinking and even dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand this trend from the inside, I made an appointment to meet Todd Zenger, a young man in his thirties who's among the top grain producers in Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I drove to meet him, I became increasingly confused. My GPS took me into a suburban development east of Manhattan, Kans., past neatly trimmed lawns and well-appointed houses. There wasn't a field or tractor in sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually I arrived at the house where Zenger and his wife Ty live. It is also the operations center of their farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fields are far away — hours away by car, in three completely separate parts of Kansas. But Zenger can sit at his desk and look down at them through Google maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is our Greensburg farm,\" he says, pointing to the outlines of irrigated circles in south-central Kansas. \"This is our Goodland farm. This is our Jewell farm.\" Goodland is in the northwest corner of Kansas. Jewell is in north-central Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His computer is linked directly to equipment on the farms. Zenger can check the moisture of corn in his grain bins from here. He can see what workers are doing with the farm equipment almost minute by minute. \"This pink line is where our tractor drove in the last 24 hours,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83594\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait-4746285473545215f1b9357271454711e3354fda.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait-4746285473545215f1b9357271454711e3354fda-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Todd Zenger (seated) with his father-in-law, Roger Oplinger. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-83594\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Todd Zenger (seated) with his father-in-law, Roger Oplinger. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This operation covers 16,000 acres; 25 square miles of Kansas farmland. It's almost certainly in the top 1 percent of American farms, in terms of sales. Half a century ago, there were probably dozens of farms on that land, and dozens of families. Yet Zenger and his father-in-law now manage this farm with just seven full-time employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those workers plant the seeds, spread the fertilizer and keep the irrigation water flowing. Zenger spends more of his time making big-ticket decisions: what seeds to buy, or when to sell their harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm in here, most days, paying attention to the grain markets,\" he says. \"You have to forward contract, you have to hedge, locking in profits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of how this farm got so large helps explain how American agriculture has changed over the past few decades. And it illustrates some of the costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That story begins with the white-haired man who's standing behind Todd Zenger, just listening. This is his father in law, Roger Oplinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oplinger grew up on a very small farm near the tiny town of Jewell, in north-central Kansas. He rode horses and milked cows by hand. But he had ambition. \"The natural thing for me as a farm kid was, I wanted to do things differently. I wanted to use automation. I wanted to farm more acres,\" he recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started with 80 acres that he bought from his grandfather, raising hogs and growing crops. Eventually he decided to just focus on growing crops: wheat, sorghum, soybeans and corn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worked hard and took big risks. \"We were probably on the edge of bankruptcy every year from 1980 until 1995,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone survived. Oplinger was among the fortunate ones. More than most, he also pushed to get bigger. \"I don't care what you do in capitalism, the natural process is to grow, and be profitable,\" Oplinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He saw opportunity in new technology: tractors that steer themselves, using GPS; bigger planters and harvesters. Farmers could afford to buy that equipment if they were big, and the technology made it a lot easier to farm more acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put that together, and growth meant bigger profits — which made it possible for him to buy even more land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a path to prosperity. But listening to Oplinger talk about it, I also sense a painful side of that journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He only lives part of the year now in Jewell, his home town. He says that it's become a lonely place for him. Some people in town don't even talk to him anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to say it,\" Oplinger says, and pauses for a while before continuing: \"But there's a lot of jealousy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there's a land auction, and he walks in, it gets real quiet. You know what other farmers are thinking, he says: \"How much is too much? How much is enough?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Oplinger feels like he has to defend himself, and the scale of his farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our farm grew to be large in a way that I have a very good conscience about — a clear conscience,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some farms grow at the expense of other people, he says. But his farm expanded, in many cases, because farm families came to him and his wife and asked them to rent their land, or buy their farms. \"They could no longer, within their family, farm and get the return from the land that they wanted,\" Oplinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oplinger admits that such decisions come with a cost. When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. And this is the source of much of the resentment aimed at big-time farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83595\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3455px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmHomestead_wide-47cca5b18e7542d85a4feac65bf96ae5cf20f7c7.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmHomestead_wide-47cca5b18e7542d85a4feac65bf96ae5cf20f7c7.jpg\" alt=\"An abandoned farmstead near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"3455\" height=\"1941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83595\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An abandoned farmstead near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oplinger's home town of Jewell, for example, no longer has its own schools. \u003cbr>The population of Jewell County has fallen by half over the past 50 years. There's no longer a store in the entire county where you can buy a pair of dress shoes, or a new suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donn Teske is a Kansas farmer who's watched these changes carefully. He's vice president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nfu.org/index.php\">National Farmers Union\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also lives near the town of Wheaton, Kan., where the stained glass windows of Wheaton Congregational Church, still the most impressive building in town, are now partly boarded up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83596\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait2-3bbbb9dfb27d952a2857a167996debf53d17a7e9.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait2-3bbbb9dfb27d952a2857a167996debf53d17a7e9-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Donn Teske looks through family heirlooms in a house where his ancestors lived near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-83596\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donn Teske looks through family heirlooms in a house where his ancestors lived near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Teske has deep roots in this community. As he drives me around the rolling grasslands and fields, he pulls out pictures of ancestors who built a new life here, starting with his great-great-grandfather Michael Teske who emigrated from Germany in 1868.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teske points out a tree-lined homestead where old friends once lived. \"Where his house set there's no house, and the barn will soon be torn down, and there's another segment of the local community that's gone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's happening lots of places, he says. Western Kansas is starting to look like the panhandle of Texas, where \"there's nothing left but huge modern farms and boarded-up main streets of county seats. And that's really sad to see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teske doesn't really have a solution. Economic competition between neighbors is a fact of farm life, he says, as is the sight of young people moving away because they see opportunity somewhere else, leaving family farms with no farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Teske says, the same thing might happen with his farm. \"We've survived on the farm, we raised four kids here. I'm proud of all my kids, they're going to be fine, but I don't know if any of them will come back to the farm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oplinger and his wife Barbara are handing over management of their megafarm to their daughter Ky and her husband, Todd Zenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you could say that this big farm is succeeding in keeping the family tradition alive. It's the cutting edge of agriculture, and an opportunity for the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that younger generation isn't exactly on the farm. The Zengers live a long way from the little town of Jewell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/83593/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers","authors":["byline_bayareabites_83593"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_34"],"tags":["bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_134","bayareabites_1057","bayareabites_13469","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_83601","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_83085":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_83085","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"83085","score":null,"sort":[1402361811000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-farmers-ask-hey-buddy-can-you-spare-some-water","title":"California Farmers Ask: Hey Buddy, Can You Spare Some Water?","publishDate":1402361811,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83086\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/california-water-1-854c8e12adc44a6c34e64fc47f248cf7fa996066.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/california-water-1-854c8e12adc44a6c34e64fc47f248cf7fa996066.jpg\" alt=\"Allen Peterson's farm, near the city of Turlock, Calif., lies next to a concrete-lined canal full of water. He's one of the lucky ones. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83086\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Allen Peterson's farm, near the city of Turlock, Calif., lies next to a concrete-lined canal full of water. He's one of the lucky ones. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/09/317011698/california-farmers-ask-hey-buddy-can-you-spare-some-water\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140609_atc_california_farmers_ask_hey_buddy_can_you_spare_some_water.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/09/317011698/california-farmers-ask-hey-buddy-can-you-spare-some-water\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/9/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine if a gallon of milk cost three dollars in your town, but 100 miles away it cost $100, or even $200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something similar is happening right now in California with water that farmers use to irrigate their crops. Some farmers are paying 50 or even 100 times more for that water than others who live just an hour's drive away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation is provoking debate about whether water in California should move more freely, so that it can be sold to the highest bidder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all of you who aren't intimately familiar with the wacky and wonderful world of California water, here's some background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is America's \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/\">biggest\u003c/a> agricultural state, but its vineyards, orchards and vegetable fields don't actually get enough rainfall to grow a crop. Some of those fields — notably the \"salad bowl\" of the Salinas Valley — get their water from wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority, though, depend on water from \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquafornia.com/index.php/where-does-californias-water-come-from/\">far away\u003c/a>, mainly from melting snow in the mountains. Dams capture it, pumps and canals distribute it and lawyers argue over who gets to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some end up with much more water than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's start with one of the fortunate ones: Allen Peterson, who grows almonds near the city of Turlock, Calif. A concrete-lined canal full of water runs right past his orchards. \"The water's coming from Lake Don Pedro, on the Tuolumne River,\" Peterson explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.tid.org/\">Turlock Irrigation District\u003c/a> started building dams on the Tuolumne more than a century ago. Now, every farm in this district gets a share of the lake's water. This year, it's less than usual, but still enough to grow a crop of almonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That secure source of water is as much a part of Peterson's farm as the land itself. It's also a family legacy. \"My grandfather, and even people before him, built this irrigation system,\" Peterson says. \"He scraped canals, built this thing up. They sacrificed a lot to have this irrigation system. And our land prices have reflected that ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His land is valuable. The water itself, though, comes cheaply. Peterson is paying the district just under $30 this year for each acre-foot of water. (That's enough water to cover an acre of land to a depth of one foot.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, there are farmers not far away, on the other side of California's Central Valley, who've been paying much, much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had water that's sold for upwards of $2,000 an acre-foot,\" says Sarah Woolf, a farmer and water consultant in Five Points, southwest of Fresno. \"It was horrible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf and I are standing in an almond orchard that's alive thanks to that expensive water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, which came late to the California water party. It tapped into the state-wide system of aqueducts just 50 years ago. So under California's water laws, when there's not enough water for everyone farmers here are the first to be cut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were cut off this year. The owner of this orchard turned to Woolf to help him buy enough water to keep these trees alive. Woolf located a few farmers outside the Westlands area with rights to water that they were willing to sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual transfer of water was just a matter of aquatic bookkeeping. The sellers gave up their rights to draw some water from California's aqueducts, and this farmer was able to use that amount of water instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this kind of exchange doesn't happen very often. In some places, it's banned. The Turlock Irrigation District, for instance, doesn't allow farmers to sell any of their $30 water outside the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why farmers are paying such wildly different prices. The water's not allowed to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economist \u003ca href=\"http://agecon.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/richard-howitt/\">Richard Howitt\u003c/a>, at the University of California, Davis, believes that this is really unfortunate. Irrigation water should flow more freely to the places where it's needed most, he says. A free market in water would leave everyone better off. \"It should be good for both producers and consumers to have more efficient use of our basic natural resource,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some physical barriers to moving the water around. Very few aqueducts and rivers run between water-rich areas like Turlock, on the eastern side of the Central Valley, and thirsty areas to the west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Howitt says that problem could be solved. \"With small engineering changes, we could move the water from east to west, from the $20 region to the $2,000 region,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emotional and political barriers are more difficult to overcome. Many farmers just don't want to sell something that's so central to the life of their community. \"If we sold our water off, the jobs would go away here, too. There would be less commerce going on in our county,\" says Peterson, the farmer in Turlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howett, the UC Davis economist, says farmers also don't want to raise any questions about their legal rights to water. \"They are worried that if they sold the water, they would be admitting that they didn't 'need' it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that case, others might try to claim it. Environmentalists, for instance, would like more water to flow into California's rivers and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf, the farmer and water consultant in Five Points, says that's why farmers who do sell water sometimes won't admit it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's definitely a [feeling of] 'hush-hush, I don't want to talk about it, they'll take my water away,' \" she says. \"And I don't blame them for that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California's water-rich farmers didn't have to worry that someone might take their water, they might be more willing to sell it, she says. And everybody would benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Water is scarce in California, and prices are all over the map. Some farmers are paying almost 100 times more than others. Should water flow to the highest bidder?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1402361811,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1055},"headData":{"title":"California Farmers Ask: Hey Buddy, Can You Spare Some Water? | KQED","description":"Water is scarce in California, and prices are all over the map. Some farmers are paying almost 100 times more than others. Should water flow to the highest bidder?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"83085 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=83085","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/06/09/california-farmers-ask-hey-buddy-can-you-spare-some-water/","disqusTitle":"California Farmers Ask: Hey Buddy, Can You Spare Some Water?","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"317011698","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=317011698&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/09/317011698/california-farmers-ask-hey-buddy-can-you-spare-some-water?ft=3&f=317011698","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 09 Jun 2014 18:42:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 09 Jun 2014 16:03:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 09 Jun 2014 17:18:28 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140609_atc_california_farmers_ask_hey_buddy_can_you_spare_some_water.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=317011698","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1320375670-3a7570.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=317011698","path":"/bayareabites/83085/california-farmers-ask-hey-buddy-can-you-spare-some-water","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140609_atc_california_farmers_ask_hey_buddy_can_you_spare_some_water.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83086\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/california-water-1-854c8e12adc44a6c34e64fc47f248cf7fa996066.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/california-water-1-854c8e12adc44a6c34e64fc47f248cf7fa996066.jpg\" alt=\"Allen Peterson's farm, near the city of Turlock, Calif., lies next to a concrete-lined canal full of water. He's one of the lucky ones. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83086\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Allen Peterson's farm, near the city of Turlock, Calif., lies next to a concrete-lined canal full of water. He's one of the lucky ones. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/09/317011698/california-farmers-ask-hey-buddy-can-you-spare-some-water\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140609_atc_california_farmers_ask_hey_buddy_can_you_spare_some_water.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/09/317011698/california-farmers-ask-hey-buddy-can-you-spare-some-water\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/9/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine if a gallon of milk cost three dollars in your town, but 100 miles away it cost $100, or even $200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something similar is happening right now in California with water that farmers use to irrigate their crops. Some farmers are paying 50 or even 100 times more for that water than others who live just an hour's drive away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation is provoking debate about whether water in California should move more freely, so that it can be sold to the highest bidder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all of you who aren't intimately familiar with the wacky and wonderful world of California water, here's some background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is America's \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/\">biggest\u003c/a> agricultural state, but its vineyards, orchards and vegetable fields don't actually get enough rainfall to grow a crop. Some of those fields — notably the \"salad bowl\" of the Salinas Valley — get their water from wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority, though, depend on water from \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquafornia.com/index.php/where-does-californias-water-come-from/\">far away\u003c/a>, mainly from melting snow in the mountains. Dams capture it, pumps and canals distribute it and lawyers argue over who gets to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some end up with much more water than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's start with one of the fortunate ones: Allen Peterson, who grows almonds near the city of Turlock, Calif. A concrete-lined canal full of water runs right past his orchards. \"The water's coming from Lake Don Pedro, on the Tuolumne River,\" Peterson explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.tid.org/\">Turlock Irrigation District\u003c/a> started building dams on the Tuolumne more than a century ago. Now, every farm in this district gets a share of the lake's water. This year, it's less than usual, but still enough to grow a crop of almonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That secure source of water is as much a part of Peterson's farm as the land itself. It's also a family legacy. \"My grandfather, and even people before him, built this irrigation system,\" Peterson says. \"He scraped canals, built this thing up. They sacrificed a lot to have this irrigation system. And our land prices have reflected that ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His land is valuable. The water itself, though, comes cheaply. Peterson is paying the district just under $30 this year for each acre-foot of water. (That's enough water to cover an acre of land to a depth of one foot.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, there are farmers not far away, on the other side of California's Central Valley, who've been paying much, much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had water that's sold for upwards of $2,000 an acre-foot,\" says Sarah Woolf, a farmer and water consultant in Five Points, southwest of Fresno. \"It was horrible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf and I are standing in an almond orchard that's alive thanks to that expensive water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, which came late to the California water party. It tapped into the state-wide system of aqueducts just 50 years ago. So under California's water laws, when there's not enough water for everyone farmers here are the first to be cut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were cut off this year. The owner of this orchard turned to Woolf to help him buy enough water to keep these trees alive. Woolf located a few farmers outside the Westlands area with rights to water that they were willing to sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual transfer of water was just a matter of aquatic bookkeeping. The sellers gave up their rights to draw some water from California's aqueducts, and this farmer was able to use that amount of water instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this kind of exchange doesn't happen very often. In some places, it's banned. The Turlock Irrigation District, for instance, doesn't allow farmers to sell any of their $30 water outside the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why farmers are paying such wildly different prices. The water's not allowed to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economist \u003ca href=\"http://agecon.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/richard-howitt/\">Richard Howitt\u003c/a>, at the University of California, Davis, believes that this is really unfortunate. Irrigation water should flow more freely to the places where it's needed most, he says. A free market in water would leave everyone better off. \"It should be good for both producers and consumers to have more efficient use of our basic natural resource,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some physical barriers to moving the water around. Very few aqueducts and rivers run between water-rich areas like Turlock, on the eastern side of the Central Valley, and thirsty areas to the west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Howitt says that problem could be solved. \"With small engineering changes, we could move the water from east to west, from the $20 region to the $2,000 region,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emotional and political barriers are more difficult to overcome. Many farmers just don't want to sell something that's so central to the life of their community. \"If we sold our water off, the jobs would go away here, too. There would be less commerce going on in our county,\" says Peterson, the farmer in Turlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howett, the UC Davis economist, says farmers also don't want to raise any questions about their legal rights to water. \"They are worried that if they sold the water, they would be admitting that they didn't 'need' it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that case, others might try to claim it. Environmentalists, for instance, would like more water to flow into California's rivers and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf, the farmer and water consultant in Five Points, says that's why farmers who do sell water sometimes won't admit it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's definitely a [feeling of] 'hush-hush, I don't want to talk about it, they'll take my water away,' \" she says. \"And I don't blame them for that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California's water-rich farmers didn't have to worry that someone might take their water, they might be more willing to sell it, she says. And everybody would benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/83085/california-farmers-ask-hey-buddy-can-you-spare-some-water","authors":["byline_bayareabites_83085"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_34","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_250","bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_11813","bayareabites_134","bayareabites_10921","bayareabites_1344"],"featImg":"bayareabites_83086","label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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