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In November 2013, officials began rejecting imports of U.S. corn when they detected traces of a new gene not yet approved in China.","publishDate":1406903675,"status":"inherit","parent":85462,"modified":1406903675,"caption":"A corn purchaser writes on his account in northwest China in 2012. In November 2013, officials began rejecting imports of U.S. corn when they detected traces of a new gene not yet approved in China. Photo: Peng Zhaozhi/Xinhua/Landov","credit":null,"description":"A corn purchaser writes on his account in northwest China in 2012. 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Tariffs","publishDate":1522961765,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In response to the Trump administration's threats to place tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods, China has threatened to sanction $50 billion in U.S. exports, including airplanes, cars and chemicals. These tariffs would also target some of America's most successful exporters — farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the sun was coming up Wednesday, farmers at Betty's Truck Stop near Sweet Springs, Mo., took their coffee with a serving of bad news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Beans are down 50 cents overnight, and corn's down 14 [cents] because of this trade thing with China,\" says corn and soybean farmer Jim Bridges. He takes a seat at a large table in the center of the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180404_atc_farmers_hardest_hit_by_chinese_tariffs.mp3\u003cbr>\nBridges makes a few calculations and reckons his potential losses are about $50,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China has threatened to slap tariffs on some of the biggest U.S. crops: corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton and beef. But, Charles Tuckwiller, sitting next to Bridges in a worn jacket, says it's too early to accurately tally the losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could have an impact on us. Weather probably plays more of a role than that tariff is going to. We have always survived,\" says Tuckwiller with a sigh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers at this table are survivors. They've weathered downturns and massive consolidation in agriculture to become some of the world's most efficient producers. But their survival strategy depends on exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Exports are very important to U.S. agriculture,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.econ.iastate.edu/people/david-swenson\">David Swenson\u003c/a>, an economist at Iowa State University. \"We produce significantly more than we can consume here in the United States, and farmers across the United States in all sectors of agriculture depend on exports to maintain price levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China has become the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/top-us-agricultural-exports-2017\">largest customer\u003c/a> for America's farm products, buying well over $20 billion per year. China bought more than $1 billion in U.S. pork last year. But this week, it threatened a 25 percent tariff on that pork and 15 percent tariffs on a host of farm products grown across a wide swath of the country, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/04/02/598870076/what-chinese-tariffs-targeting-american-crops-will-mean-for-farmers\">including nuts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.americanpistachios.org\">Richard Matoian\u003c/a>, executive director of American Pistachio Growers, says that 70 percent of U.S. pistachios go into the export market and that more than half of those go straight to China. China also buys a big chunk of the California almond crop, which will be hit hard by tariffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are generally free traders. We believe in open and free trade,\" says Matoian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that is a conviction shared by many U.S. farmers from coast to coast. Dr. Ron Prestage is a veterinarian in Camden, S.C., but he also runs Prestage Farms, one of the largest pork and poultry producers in the Unites States. Prestage Farms has been expanding, building a new pork packing plant in Iowa, but projected demand for pork has dropped since the tariff fight began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do I enjoy being in the crosshairs and caught in the middle of this dispute?\" Prestage asks rhetorically. \"[T]he short answer is 'No.' But I understand it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prestage says American farmers and pork producers in particular are automatic targets in trade disputes because they are such strong competitors in the world market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that's not by luck,\" says Prestage. \"That's through a lot of hard work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. farm groups have worked long and hard to chip away at trade barriers, and some worry these tariff fights could upend decades of progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now we're in a trade skirmish, but probably not in a war. But the concern is, that skirmish could escalate,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://ag.purdue.edu/agecon/Pages/Profile.aspx?strAlias=hurtc\">Christopher Hurt\u003c/a>, a professor of agricultural economics at Purdue University in Indiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a trade war with China isn't farmers' only worry. If President Trump follows through with threats to walk away from the North American Free Trade Agreement, U.S. farmers could be pinned down in a trade war on two very punishing fronts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcur.org/\">KCUR 89.3\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"China's retaliatory tariffs would hit farmers, who rely on exports to keep their business models going, harder than any other group, especially those raising hogs, nuts and fruit.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1522961882,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":666},"headData":{"title":"U.S. Farmers Likely To Be Among Hardest Hit By Chinese Tariffs | KQED","description":"China's retaliatory tariffs would hit farmers, who rely on exports to keep their business models going, harder than any other group, especially those raising hogs, nuts and fruit.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"126428 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=126428","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/04/05/u-s-farmers-likely-to-be-among-hardest-hit-by-chinese-tariffs/","disqusTitle":"U.S. Farmers Likely To Be Among Hardest Hit By Chinese Tariffs","source":"Politics, Activism, Food Safety","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/politics-activism-food-safety","nprImageCredit":"Red Cedicol/EyeEm","nprByline":"Frank Morris \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcur.org/\">KCUR 89.3\u003c/a>, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"599524681","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=599524681&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/04/04/599524681/u-s-farmers-likely-among-hardest-hit-by-chinese-tarriffs?ft=nprml&f=599524681","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 05 Apr 2018 13:31:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 04 Apr 2018 21:17:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 05 Apr 2018 13:31:23 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180404_atc_farmers_hardest_hit_by_chinese_tariffs.mp3?orgId=60&topicId=1053&d=234&p=2&story=599524681&ft=nprml&f=599524681","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1599579338-db1b94.m3u?orgId=60&topicId=1053&d=234&p=2&story=599524681&ft=nprml&f=599524681","path":"/bayareabites/126428/u-s-farmers-likely-to-be-among-hardest-hit-by-chinese-tariffs","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180404_atc_farmers_hardest_hit_by_chinese_tariffs.mp3?orgId=60&topicId=1053&d=234&p=2&story=599524681&ft=nprml&f=599524681","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In response to the Trump administration's threats to place tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods, China has threatened to sanction $50 billion in U.S. exports, including airplanes, cars and chemicals. These tariffs would also target some of America's most successful exporters — farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the sun was coming up Wednesday, farmers at Betty's Truck Stop near Sweet Springs, Mo., took their coffee with a serving of bad news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Beans are down 50 cents overnight, and corn's down 14 [cents] because of this trade thing with China,\" says corn and soybean farmer Jim Bridges. He takes a seat at a large table in the center of the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"nprOneAudioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180404_atc_farmers_hardest_hit_by_chinese_tariffs.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nBridges makes a few calculations and reckons his potential losses are about $50,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China has threatened to slap tariffs on some of the biggest U.S. crops: corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton and beef. But, Charles Tuckwiller, sitting next to Bridges in a worn jacket, says it's too early to accurately tally the losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could have an impact on us. Weather probably plays more of a role than that tariff is going to. We have always survived,\" says Tuckwiller with a sigh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers at this table are survivors. They've weathered downturns and massive consolidation in agriculture to become some of the world's most efficient producers. But their survival strategy depends on exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Exports are very important to U.S. agriculture,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.econ.iastate.edu/people/david-swenson\">David Swenson\u003c/a>, an economist at Iowa State University. \"We produce significantly more than we can consume here in the United States, and farmers across the United States in all sectors of agriculture depend on exports to maintain price levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China has become the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/top-us-agricultural-exports-2017\">largest customer\u003c/a> for America's farm products, buying well over $20 billion per year. China bought more than $1 billion in U.S. pork last year. But this week, it threatened a 25 percent tariff on that pork and 15 percent tariffs on a host of farm products grown across a wide swath of the country, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/04/02/598870076/what-chinese-tariffs-targeting-american-crops-will-mean-for-farmers\">including nuts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.americanpistachios.org\">Richard Matoian\u003c/a>, executive director of American Pistachio Growers, says that 70 percent of U.S. pistachios go into the export market and that more than half of those go straight to China. China also buys a big chunk of the California almond crop, which will be hit hard by tariffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are generally free traders. We believe in open and free trade,\" says Matoian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that is a conviction shared by many U.S. farmers from coast to coast. Dr. Ron Prestage is a veterinarian in Camden, S.C., but he also runs Prestage Farms, one of the largest pork and poultry producers in the Unites States. Prestage Farms has been expanding, building a new pork packing plant in Iowa, but projected demand for pork has dropped since the tariff fight began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do I enjoy being in the crosshairs and caught in the middle of this dispute?\" Prestage asks rhetorically. \"[T]he short answer is 'No.' But I understand it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prestage says American farmers and pork producers in particular are automatic targets in trade disputes because they are such strong competitors in the world market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that's not by luck,\" says Prestage. \"That's through a lot of hard work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. farm groups have worked long and hard to chip away at trade barriers, and some worry these tariff fights could upend decades of progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now we're in a trade skirmish, but probably not in a war. But the concern is, that skirmish could escalate,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://ag.purdue.edu/agecon/Pages/Profile.aspx?strAlias=hurtc\">Christopher Hurt\u003c/a>, a professor of agricultural economics at Purdue University in Indiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a trade war with China isn't farmers' only worry. If President Trump follows through with threats to walk away from the North American Free Trade Agreement, U.S. farmers could be pinned down in a trade war on two very punishing fronts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcur.org/\">KCUR 89.3\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/126428/u-s-farmers-likely-to-be-among-hardest-hit-by-chinese-tariffs","authors":["byline_bayareabites_126428"],"categories":["bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_272","bayareabites_16094","bayareabites_11393","bayareabites_16091"],"featImg":"bayareabites_126429","label":"source_bayareabites_126428"},"bayareabites_126379":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_126379","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"126379","score":null,"sort":[1522706889000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-chinese-tariffs-targeting-american-crops-will-mean-for-farmers","title":"What Chinese Tariffs Targeting American Crops Will Mean For Farmers","publishDate":1522706889,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Today, the Chinese government announced tariffs on 128 American products, including food. Pork will be taxed 25 percent, and wine, dried fruit, and nuts are now subject to a 15 percent duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes in response to the tariffs President Trump recently imposed on steel and aluminum. Trade officials from each country are negotiating, and it's not yet clear how long the duties will be in effect, or what the lasting impact will be for American producers and growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for businesses who already have shipments in transit, there are immediate effects. NPR's Mary Louise Kelly spoke with someone whose business is already feeling the tariffs directly. \u003ca href=\"http://www.meridiangrowers.com/team/\">Jim Zion\u003c/a>, managing partner at Meridian Growers in Fresno, Calif., distributes almonds, pistachios, and pecans to markets like China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180402_atc_what_chinese_tariffs_targeting_american_crops_will_mean_for_farmers_.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions and answers have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How many nuts does California sell to China? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any given year, California exports anywhere between 60 to 70 percent of its almonds, pistachios, and walnuts. Arizona exports about the same amount of its pistachios and pecans. China has been one of the largest markets for the last few years. At one time, one out of every four pistachios grown in California was destined for China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How big a deal will this 15 percent tariff be for your business?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For anything that we were shipping, that's what we call \"on the water\" — in transit to China — we will have to ask our buyers how they would like to handle the additional cost, because obviously this wasn't factored in when we made the original contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either we're going to have to give them a discount to cover this additional cost, or, if we can't come up with an agreement, we will divert those containers to another destination that doesn't have a tariff. If we can't do that, we'll have to bring them back. Regardless, this will definitely cost us some money out of our pocket to take care of these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you have an estimate for how much money this will cost?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pistachios today are selling for about $3.50 a pound on a wholesale basis. So 15 percent of that would be around $0.50 a pound, which, in a container of 44,000 pounds is about $22,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we have to divert that load to another destination, that could cost us anywhere from $2,000 to $4,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if we have to bring it back, anytime we bring a container back to the United States, by the time we bring it back and go through customs and everything, that additional cost could be $10,000. So out of pocket this could cost us anywhere from $5,000 to $25,000 per container.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And you're describing not just an economic cost but a bureaucratic hassle, having to renegotiate deals you thought were done. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly. We've been doing business with many of our customers for many years, so we'll be able to work through this, but this is something that neither one of us wants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're being optimistic that this will not last forever, and at some point a settlement on this trade dispute will be negotiated, so we can get back to doing business, which is what all of us want to do anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You work with growers across California's Central Valley — what are you hearing from them? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're concerned. We were concerned when we found out about the steel and aluminum tariffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, in trade disputes, the first round hits what I call specialty crops — dried fruits and nuts is what affects us — they tend to be easy targets. We tend to be the first victims in any type of trade dispute, and once again, that's proven to be correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You're saying, pardon the pun, but you're low-hanging fruit. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly, we are considered a nonessential low-hanging fruit. And we kind of knew this was coming — we were hoping it wasn't, but there's not a lot we can do about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To what extent, in your view, are politics part of this? There's been a lot of talk that perhaps these tariffs are designed to hit at areas of the country that have been home to a lot of Trump supporters. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politics play a huge part in it. If you look at the Central Valley, it tends to vote Republican, and it's home to some of the largest production of almonds and pistachios in the United States. So it's no coincidence that they hit dried fruits and nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I wonder what you might say if you could lean down and whisper in the president's ear? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, crops and agriculture tend to be the pawns in this, and I would say, we can't be. This is our business. So much of what we do goes overseas, we need a coherent trade policy that allows us to do business, allows our customers to buy the product that we have. That's what we want, that's what we need and that's what we're looking forward to: a coherent trade policy in which we can plan going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We plant these trees, and these trees will last 25 years — pistachios will last hundreds of years — so we need long-term stability in these marketplaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I understand you're also working the phone to China today. What are you hearing from your contacts there? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They knew it was coming, they were hoping it wasn't going to happen, and at this point we're trying to wait and find out — is this really going to stick, or is it going to be 24, 48, 72 hours and they go \"OK, we negotiated a settlement?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honestly, the next 24 hours is going to be critical. We actually have containers arriving in Asia within the next seven days, so I've gotta make some decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And the decision you have to make in the next 24 hours is whether or not to divert that shipment and send them somewhere else? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Divert, renegotiate the contract, or bring back, those are the decisions I have to make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If China doesn't get almonds and pistachios and pecans from the U.S., where would they get them from? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, pistachios are grown in Iran, and they will probably pick up their needs from Iran. Australia has been planting a lot of almonds lately, with the worldwide demand. And pecans, you can get pecans from South Africa and Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the bottom line is our customers do have alternatives. They would prefer buying from California, but if the costs are too high or too restrictive, they can switch to another producing country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Menaka Wilhelm and Sam Gringlas contributed to this report.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Newly announced Chinese tariffs will raise prices on many U.S. crops. How will that affect American farmers? NPR's Mary Louise Kelley spoke with Jim Zion, a Californian nut distributor, to find out.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1522706889,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1168},"headData":{"title":"What Chinese Tariffs Targeting American Crops Will Mean For Farmers | KQED","description":"Newly announced Chinese tariffs will raise prices on many U.S. crops. How will that affect American farmers? NPR's Mary Louise Kelley spoke with Jim Zion, a Californian nut distributor, to find out.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"126379 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=126379","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/04/02/what-chinese-tariffs-targeting-american-crops-will-mean-for-farmers/","disqusTitle":"What Chinese Tariffs Targeting American Crops Will Mean For Farmers","nprImageCredit":"PM Images","nprByline":"Mary Louise Kelly, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"598870076","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=598870076&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/04/02/598870076/what-chinese-tariffs-targeting-american-crops-will-mean-for-farmers?ft=nprml&f=598870076","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 02 Apr 2018 18:03:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 02 Apr 2018 17:11:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 02 Apr 2018 17:15:37 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180402_atc_what_chinese_tariffs_targeting_american_crops_will_mean_for_farmers_.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=270&p=2&story=598870076&ft=nprml&f=598870076","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1598916560-46e72b.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=270&p=2&story=598870076&ft=nprml&f=598870076","path":"/bayareabites/126379/what-chinese-tariffs-targeting-american-crops-will-mean-for-farmers","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180402_atc_what_chinese_tariffs_targeting_american_crops_will_mean_for_farmers_.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&d=270&p=2&story=598870076&ft=nprml&f=598870076","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Today, the Chinese government announced tariffs on 128 American products, including food. Pork will be taxed 25 percent, and wine, dried fruit, and nuts are now subject to a 15 percent duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes in response to the tariffs President Trump recently imposed on steel and aluminum. Trade officials from each country are negotiating, and it's not yet clear how long the duties will be in effect, or what the lasting impact will be for American producers and growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for businesses who already have shipments in transit, there are immediate effects. NPR's Mary Louise Kelly spoke with someone whose business is already feeling the tariffs directly. \u003ca href=\"http://www.meridiangrowers.com/team/\">Jim Zion\u003c/a>, managing partner at Meridian Growers in Fresno, Calif., distributes almonds, pistachios, and pecans to markets like China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"nprOneAudioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180402_atc_what_chinese_tariffs_targeting_american_crops_will_mean_for_farmers_.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions and answers have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How many nuts does California sell to China? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any given year, California exports anywhere between 60 to 70 percent of its almonds, pistachios, and walnuts. Arizona exports about the same amount of its pistachios and pecans. China has been one of the largest markets for the last few years. At one time, one out of every four pistachios grown in California was destined for China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How big a deal will this 15 percent tariff be for your business?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For anything that we were shipping, that's what we call \"on the water\" — in transit to China — we will have to ask our buyers how they would like to handle the additional cost, because obviously this wasn't factored in when we made the original contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either we're going to have to give them a discount to cover this additional cost, or, if we can't come up with an agreement, we will divert those containers to another destination that doesn't have a tariff. If we can't do that, we'll have to bring them back. Regardless, this will definitely cost us some money out of our pocket to take care of these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you have an estimate for how much money this will cost?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pistachios today are selling for about $3.50 a pound on a wholesale basis. So 15 percent of that would be around $0.50 a pound, which, in a container of 44,000 pounds is about $22,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we have to divert that load to another destination, that could cost us anywhere from $2,000 to $4,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if we have to bring it back, anytime we bring a container back to the United States, by the time we bring it back and go through customs and everything, that additional cost could be $10,000. So out of pocket this could cost us anywhere from $5,000 to $25,000 per container.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And you're describing not just an economic cost but a bureaucratic hassle, having to renegotiate deals you thought were done. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly. We've been doing business with many of our customers for many years, so we'll be able to work through this, but this is something that neither one of us wants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're being optimistic that this will not last forever, and at some point a settlement on this trade dispute will be negotiated, so we can get back to doing business, which is what all of us want to do anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You work with growers across California's Central Valley — what are you hearing from them? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're concerned. We were concerned when we found out about the steel and aluminum tariffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, in trade disputes, the first round hits what I call specialty crops — dried fruits and nuts is what affects us — they tend to be easy targets. We tend to be the first victims in any type of trade dispute, and once again, that's proven to be correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You're saying, pardon the pun, but you're low-hanging fruit. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly, we are considered a nonessential low-hanging fruit. And we kind of knew this was coming — we were hoping it wasn't, but there's not a lot we can do about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To what extent, in your view, are politics part of this? There's been a lot of talk that perhaps these tariffs are designed to hit at areas of the country that have been home to a lot of Trump supporters. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politics play a huge part in it. If you look at the Central Valley, it tends to vote Republican, and it's home to some of the largest production of almonds and pistachios in the United States. So it's no coincidence that they hit dried fruits and nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I wonder what you might say if you could lean down and whisper in the president's ear? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, crops and agriculture tend to be the pawns in this, and I would say, we can't be. This is our business. So much of what we do goes overseas, we need a coherent trade policy that allows us to do business, allows our customers to buy the product that we have. That's what we want, that's what we need and that's what we're looking forward to: a coherent trade policy in which we can plan going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We plant these trees, and these trees will last 25 years — pistachios will last hundreds of years — so we need long-term stability in these marketplaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I understand you're also working the phone to China today. What are you hearing from your contacts there? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They knew it was coming, they were hoping it wasn't going to happen, and at this point we're trying to wait and find out — is this really going to stick, or is it going to be 24, 48, 72 hours and they go \"OK, we negotiated a settlement?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honestly, the next 24 hours is going to be critical. We actually have containers arriving in Asia within the next seven days, so I've gotta make some decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And the decision you have to make in the next 24 hours is whether or not to divert that shipment and send them somewhere else? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Divert, renegotiate the contract, or bring back, those are the decisions I have to make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If China doesn't get almonds and pistachios and pecans from the U.S., where would they get them from? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, pistachios are grown in Iran, and they will probably pick up their needs from Iran. Australia has been planting a lot of almonds lately, with the worldwide demand. And pecans, you can get pecans from South Africa and Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the bottom line is our customers do have alternatives. They would prefer buying from California, but if the costs are too high or too restrictive, they can switch to another producing country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Menaka Wilhelm and Sam Gringlas contributed to this report.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/126379/what-chinese-tariffs-targeting-american-crops-will-mean-for-farmers","authors":["byline_bayareabites_126379"],"categories":["bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_272","bayareabites_16092","bayareabites_16091"],"featImg":"bayareabites_126380","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_118877":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_118877","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"118877","score":null,"sort":[1499361609000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"too-convenient-a-mobile-supermarket-that-comes-to-you","title":"Too Convenient? A Mobile Supermarket That Comes To You","publishDate":1499361609,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Browse the science fiction aisles and you can find all sorts of dystopian future visions — environmental catastrophes, robot overlords, zombie swarms, \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0055894/?ref_=nv_sr_1\">triffids\u003c/a>. Oddly enough, one of the spookiest scenarios ever conjured comes from a kids' movie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2008 Pixar film \u003cem>WALL-E\u003c/em> imagines a future in which end-stage consumerism \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1BQPV-iCkU\">has run amok\u003c/a>, leaving the planet utterly trashed and turning humans into helpless, sedentary slugs. By creating a future in which everything is prepared, packaged and delivered by machines, we effectively create a consumer apocalypse, ruining the Earth and dooming the species. For those of us prone to low-simmering paranoia, recent developments suggest the future of \u003cem>WALL-E\u003c/em> is closing in fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To wit: The \u003ca href=\"http://www.themobymart.com/\">Moby Mart\u003c/a> is a mobile supermarket that eliminates the pesky tradition of getting up and going to the store altogether. Instead, the store comes to you. Like a 7-Eleven crossed with a driverless tractor-trailer, the Moby Mart is an autonomous and unstaffed mobile retail space that you can call up with your phone like an Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/06/504570582/amazon-to-open-convenience-store-with-no-lines\">Amazon Go\u003c/a> prototype store, the Moby Mart doesn't have cashiers or checkout lanes. Instead, subscribers scan their purchases off the shelf, pay with a phone app and head out the door. The difference is that the door — and the store — can drive itself to wherever it's summoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out the decidedly bananas \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9IqJOpfa5c\">demo video\u003c/a>, and you'll see that the Moby Mart team definitely has a futuristic vision in mind. Plans call for holographic store clerks who offer personalized assistance as you shop. Moby Marts will be electric and solar-powered, with plenty of battery backup, and will even include built-in air scrubbers so that the store purifies the air anywhere it goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/W9IqJOpfa5c\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The space age flourishes get even better: Using autonomous vehicle technology, the Moby Mart could navigate busy streets on its own, piloted by artificial intelligence. A fleet of microdrones atop the vehicle could make door-to-door deliveries — or maybe door-to-window if you live on the 12th floor. When multiple Moby Marts are deployed in a given area, the machines will communicate with one another via cloud computing, trading off surplus items as needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't just concept-stage noodling, either. A prototype Moby Mart is already up and running in Shanghai. It's a collaborative effort between Hefei University in China and the Switzerland-based company \u003ca href=\"https://wheelyscafe.com/startpage\">Wheelys\u003c/a>, which specializes in mobile retail solutions like bicycle-powered coffee stands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Moby Mart is just part of a larger initiative to fundamentally change the nature of retail, according to Per Cromwell, lead designer for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Stores needs to be more flexible to meet the demands of the future,\" Cromwell said, emailing from his offices in Stockholm. \"Rents will go up in prime locations, margins will go down on a lot of products due to online retail. Stores need to become more efficient. Mobile and staffless is to date the most flexible and efficient solution. When online and offline merge, a new kind of store is needed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed. It's no secret that traditional retail outlets \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/02/526560158/a-rapid-shakeup-for-retailers-as-consumer-habits-change\">are in trouble\u003c/a>. The Moby Mart is a recent and rather extreme example of a rapidly accelerating trend to make shopping ridiculously, maximally convenient. The previously far-out concept of drone delivery is already here, with heavy hitters like \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/14/amazon-claims-first-successful-prime-air-drone-delivery\">Amazon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/ups-tests-drone-delivery-system-2017-2\">UPS\u003c/a> testing working systems. Down on the ground, self-driving \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/03/23/520848983/hungry-call-your-neighborhood-delivery-robot\">delivery robots\u003c/a> are rolling takeout food right up to your door. Legislatures are \u003ca href=\"http://www.fox19.com/story/35735541/ohio-senate-approves-robots-to-deliver-you-pizza-and-booze\">passing laws\u003c/a> classifying delivery-bots as pedestrians. The robots are even \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/09/29/495925058/our-robot-overlords-are-now-delivering-pizza-and-cooking-it-on-the-go\">making our pizzas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cromwell says the plan is to build four to six additional Moby Marts in the coming year, then ramp up production into the hundreds in 2018. The idea is to get Moby Marts into both small towns and big cities and to continually update the mobile supermarket model along with adjacent technologies like self-driving vehicles, artificial intelligence, cashless transactions and solar-powered generators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, there are still many technological and regulatory hurdles to clear before roaming supermarkets start crawling through our cities. But if the Moby Mart does come to your town, Cromwell said the first wave of stores will specialize in products for immediate consumption, like ready-made food, groceries and coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will gradually add different products on different markets,\" Cromwell said. \"In the end, there will be no difference in products from what you find in stores today — with the one limitation of larger products. Moby Mart is not ideal for showcasing sofas. But we have some cool ideas for this, as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.glenn-mcdonald.com/\">Glenn McDonald\u003c/a> \u003cem>is a freelance writer, editor and game designer based in Chapel Hill, N.C. You can follow him\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/glennmcdonald1\">@glennmcdonald1\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Moby Mart concept is being tested in China. A 7-Eleven meets driverless tractor-trailer, the store could be summoned by an app and staffed by a holographic clerk. Are we entering WALL-E world?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1499361609,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":800},"headData":{"title":"Too Convenient? A Mobile Supermarket That Comes To You | KQED","description":"The Moby Mart concept is being tested in China. A 7-Eleven meets driverless tractor-trailer, the store could be summoned by an app and staffed by a holographic clerk. Are we entering WALL-E world?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"118877 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=118877","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2017/07/06/too-convenient-a-mobile-supermarket-that-comes-to-you/","disqusTitle":"Too Convenient? A Mobile Supermarket That Comes To You","source":"Food Trends And Technology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/food-and-technology/","nprByline":"Glenn McDonald, all tech considered, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Moby Mart","nprStoryId":"535413093","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=535413093&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/07/05/535413093/too-convenient-a-mobile-supermarket-that-comes-to-you?ft=nprml&f=535413093","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 05 Jul 2017 17:46:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 05 Jul 2017 11:36:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 05 Jul 2017 17:46:16 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/118877/too-convenient-a-mobile-supermarket-that-comes-to-you","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Browse the science fiction aisles and you can find all sorts of dystopian future visions — environmental catastrophes, robot overlords, zombie swarms, \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0055894/?ref_=nv_sr_1\">triffids\u003c/a>. Oddly enough, one of the spookiest scenarios ever conjured comes from a kids' movie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2008 Pixar film \u003cem>WALL-E\u003c/em> imagines a future in which end-stage consumerism \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1BQPV-iCkU\">has run amok\u003c/a>, leaving the planet utterly trashed and turning humans into helpless, sedentary slugs. By creating a future in which everything is prepared, packaged and delivered by machines, we effectively create a consumer apocalypse, ruining the Earth and dooming the species. For those of us prone to low-simmering paranoia, recent developments suggest the future of \u003cem>WALL-E\u003c/em> is closing in fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To wit: The \u003ca href=\"http://www.themobymart.com/\">Moby Mart\u003c/a> is a mobile supermarket that eliminates the pesky tradition of getting up and going to the store altogether. Instead, the store comes to you. Like a 7-Eleven crossed with a driverless tractor-trailer, the Moby Mart is an autonomous and unstaffed mobile retail space that you can call up with your phone like an Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/06/504570582/amazon-to-open-convenience-store-with-no-lines\">Amazon Go\u003c/a> prototype store, the Moby Mart doesn't have cashiers or checkout lanes. Instead, subscribers scan their purchases off the shelf, pay with a phone app and head out the door. The difference is that the door — and the store — can drive itself to wherever it's summoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out the decidedly bananas \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9IqJOpfa5c\">demo video\u003c/a>, and you'll see that the Moby Mart team definitely has a futuristic vision in mind. Plans call for holographic store clerks who offer personalized assistance as you shop. Moby Marts will be electric and solar-powered, with plenty of battery backup, and will even include built-in air scrubbers so that the store purifies the air anywhere it goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/W9IqJOpfa5c'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/W9IqJOpfa5c'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The space age flourishes get even better: Using autonomous vehicle technology, the Moby Mart could navigate busy streets on its own, piloted by artificial intelligence. A fleet of microdrones atop the vehicle could make door-to-door deliveries — or maybe door-to-window if you live on the 12th floor. When multiple Moby Marts are deployed in a given area, the machines will communicate with one another via cloud computing, trading off surplus items as needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't just concept-stage noodling, either. A prototype Moby Mart is already up and running in Shanghai. It's a collaborative effort between Hefei University in China and the Switzerland-based company \u003ca href=\"https://wheelyscafe.com/startpage\">Wheelys\u003c/a>, which specializes in mobile retail solutions like bicycle-powered coffee stands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Moby Mart is just part of a larger initiative to fundamentally change the nature of retail, according to Per Cromwell, lead designer for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Stores needs to be more flexible to meet the demands of the future,\" Cromwell said, emailing from his offices in Stockholm. \"Rents will go up in prime locations, margins will go down on a lot of products due to online retail. Stores need to become more efficient. Mobile and staffless is to date the most flexible and efficient solution. When online and offline merge, a new kind of store is needed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed. It's no secret that traditional retail outlets \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/02/526560158/a-rapid-shakeup-for-retailers-as-consumer-habits-change\">are in trouble\u003c/a>. The Moby Mart is a recent and rather extreme example of a rapidly accelerating trend to make shopping ridiculously, maximally convenient. The previously far-out concept of drone delivery is already here, with heavy hitters like \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/14/amazon-claims-first-successful-prime-air-drone-delivery\">Amazon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/ups-tests-drone-delivery-system-2017-2\">UPS\u003c/a> testing working systems. Down on the ground, self-driving \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/03/23/520848983/hungry-call-your-neighborhood-delivery-robot\">delivery robots\u003c/a> are rolling takeout food right up to your door. Legislatures are \u003ca href=\"http://www.fox19.com/story/35735541/ohio-senate-approves-robots-to-deliver-you-pizza-and-booze\">passing laws\u003c/a> classifying delivery-bots as pedestrians. The robots are even \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/09/29/495925058/our-robot-overlords-are-now-delivering-pizza-and-cooking-it-on-the-go\">making our pizzas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cromwell says the plan is to build four to six additional Moby Marts in the coming year, then ramp up production into the hundreds in 2018. The idea is to get Moby Marts into both small towns and big cities and to continually update the mobile supermarket model along with adjacent technologies like self-driving vehicles, artificial intelligence, cashless transactions and solar-powered generators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, there are still many technological and regulatory hurdles to clear before roaming supermarkets start crawling through our cities. But if the Moby Mart does come to your town, Cromwell said the first wave of stores will specialize in products for immediate consumption, like ready-made food, groceries and coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will gradually add different products on different markets,\" Cromwell said. \"In the end, there will be no difference in products from what you find in stores today — with the one limitation of larger products. Moby Mart is not ideal for showcasing sofas. But we have some cool ideas for this, as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.glenn-mcdonald.com/\">Glenn McDonald\u003c/a> \u003cem>is a freelance writer, editor and game designer based in Chapel Hill, N.C. You can follow him\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/glennmcdonald1\">@glennmcdonald1\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/118877/too-convenient-a-mobile-supermarket-that-comes-to-you","authors":["byline_bayareabites_118877"],"categories":["bayareabites_11028","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_272","bayareabites_15905","bayareabites_15079"],"featImg":"bayareabites_118878","label":"source_bayareabites_118877"},"bayareabites_118006":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_118006","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"118006","score":null,"sort":[1496942783000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"spies-in-the-field-as-farming-goes-high-tech-espionage-threat-grows","title":"Spies In The Field: As Farming Goes High-Tech, Espionage Threat Grows","publishDate":1496942783,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>As a group of visiting scientists prepared to board a plane in Hawaii that would take them back home to China, U.S. customs agents found rice seeds in their luggage. Those seeds are likely to land at least one scientist in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture today is a high-tech business, but as that technology has developed, so has the temptation to take shortcuts and steal trade secrets that could unlock huge profits. The FBI \u003ca href=\"https://ucr.fbi.gov/investigate/counterintelligence/agricultural-economic-espionage-brochure\">calls agricultural economic espionage \"a growing threat\"\u003c/a> and some are worried that biotech piracy can spell big trouble for a dynamic and growing U.S. industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crime In The Lab\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the western outskirts of Junction City, Kan., just off of Interstate 70, sits an unassuming industrial building. The white lettering on the blue sign out front reads \"Ventria Bioscience,\" and driving by, it is hard to believe the nondescript building houses a cutting-edge research facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at Ventria have developed a way to genetically engineer rice so that it can be used to grow human proteins for medical uses. The process places a microscopic piece of synthetic DNA into the rice genome, which tells the growing plant to make the desired protein as it matures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ventria President and CEO Scott Deeter says the idea goes back 25 or 30 years, but his company was the first to commercialize it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_118007\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1998px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Deeter, president and CEO of Ventria Bioscience, says that Chinese theft of his technology could have driven him out of business.\" width=\"1998\" height=\"1499\" class=\"size-full wp-image-118007\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d.jpg 1998w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1998px) 100vw, 1998px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Deeter, president and CEO of Ventria Bioscience, says that Chinese theft of his technology could have driven him out of business. \u003ccite>(Bryan Thompson/Harvest Public Media)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It's really been the dream of our industry for a long time,\" Deeter says. \"The challenge has really been that the yield of the target product in the plant material was never high enough to make it cost-effective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company invested some $85 million in developing the technology, Deeter says, and he thinks it has the potential to generate upwards of $1 billion in annual revenue. But that potential could be undermined by foreign piracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Ventria rice breeder Weiqiang Zhang is awaiting sentencing in federal court in Kansas City for conspiring to steal the company's trade secrets. He hosted the delegation of visiting scientists from a Chinese crops research institute in whose luggage authorities found the rice seeds in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Had they succeeded in stealing the gene-spliced rice, the scientists may have been able to reverse-engineer it and ultimately undercut Ventria's market. Deeter says it could have driven his company out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crime In The Field\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, a field manager for agribusiness giant Pioneer Hi-Bred International found a man on his knees in an Iowa field, digging up seed corn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Mo Hailong—also known as Robert Mo—according to court documents. Hailong, who is originally from China, pleaded guilty in January 2016 to conspiring to steal trade secrets involving corn seed developed by Monsanto and Pioneer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Griess, the assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Iowa, says the investigation \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-seeds-idUSKCN0X80D6\">began as a simple matter\u003c/a> of a farmer being suspicious about something he saw and reporting it. Digging up seeds in an open field may be simple, but it is difficult to put a precise value on the loss in cases involving trade secrets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Without question, the value of the seed technology in our case was absolutely off the charts,\" Griess says. \"There's simply no disputing by anyone how valuable this is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intellectual property is often hard to protect, no matter what form it takes: films, books, consumer products. The technology used in our food system, however, presents a unique challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Where the commodity in question is grown in open fields, it's sometimes difficult,\" Griess says. \"And this case is a testament to that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court cases in Kansas and Iowa are the only ones Griess is aware of that have been criminally prosecuted, but he says there have been a few other investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are countries in this world that are in dire need of this technology, and one of the ways you go about obtaining it is to steal it,\" Griess says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ties To China\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theft of intellectual property costs the U.S. economy hundreds of billions each year, according to a recent report from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcommission.org/index.html\">Commission on the Theft of American Intellectual Property\u003c/a>, a Washington D.C.-based ad-hoc panel formed to study \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcommission.org/report/IP_Commission_Report_Update_2017.pdf\">intellectual property theft\u003c/a>. China, the authors say, is the biggest offender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the last five to seven years, the majority of the cases the government has brought have involved espionage by the Chinese,\" says Peter Toren, an intellectual property attorney in Washington, D.C. Toren was not involved in the IP Commission Report, but as a federal prosecutor in the Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section of the Justice Department, he won one of the first cases ever prosecuted under the Economic Espionage Act of 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should come as no surprise, he says, that scientists in China would be interested in technology related to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whether it's in agriculture or any other field, they need access to the technology,\" Toren says. \"And, certainly, if you have 1.4 billion people, access to better seeds is something that you're going to be very interested in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ventria's Scott Deeter hopes that China will crack down on these cases, and that scientists across the world will respect each other's innovations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the world is better off with that, I mean you get more creativity,\" Deeter says. \"If you make creativity a commodity and something to be stolen, and don't respect it, you won't have very much. It will go away. And that's the risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Deeter says his company has to continue to innovate in order to stay one step ahead of the thieves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003cem>This story comes to us from the \u003ca href=\"http://kcur.org/term/kansas-news-service#stream/0\">Kansas News Service\u003c/a>, a collaboration covering health, education and politics across the state. \u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcur.org/\">KCUR 89.3\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Recent cases involving Chinese nationals conspiring to steal trade secrets — from gene-spliced rice to corn seed — have highlighted the risk of intellectual property theft from U.S. companies.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1496942804,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":996},"headData":{"title":"Spies In The Field: As Farming Goes High-Tech, Espionage Threat Grows | KQED","description":"Recent cases involving Chinese nationals conspiring to steal trade secrets — from gene-spliced rice to corn seed — have highlighted the risk of intellectual property theft from U.S. companies.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"118006 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=118006","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2017/06/08/spies-in-the-field-as-farming-goes-high-tech-espionage-threat-grows/","disqusTitle":"Spies In The Field: As Farming Goes High-Tech, Espionage Threat Grows","source":"Food Trends and Technology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/food-and-technology/","nprByline":"Bryan Thompson, \u003ca href=\"http://kcur.org/#stream/0\">KCUR\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"531771780","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=531771780&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/06/08/531771780/spies-in-the-field-as-farming-goes-high-tech-espionage-threat-grows?ft=nprml&f=531771780","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 08 Jun 2017 08:39:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 08 Jun 2017 08:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 08 Jun 2017 10:51:21 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/118006/spies-in-the-field-as-farming-goes-high-tech-espionage-threat-grows","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As a group of visiting scientists prepared to board a plane in Hawaii that would take them back home to China, U.S. customs agents found rice seeds in their luggage. Those seeds are likely to land at least one scientist in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture today is a high-tech business, but as that technology has developed, so has the temptation to take shortcuts and steal trade secrets that could unlock huge profits. The FBI \u003ca href=\"https://ucr.fbi.gov/investigate/counterintelligence/agricultural-economic-espionage-brochure\">calls agricultural economic espionage \"a growing threat\"\u003c/a> and some are worried that biotech piracy can spell big trouble for a dynamic and growing U.S. industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crime In The Lab\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the western outskirts of Junction City, Kan., just off of Interstate 70, sits an unassuming industrial building. The white lettering on the blue sign out front reads \"Ventria Bioscience,\" and driving by, it is hard to believe the nondescript building houses a cutting-edge research facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at Ventria have developed a way to genetically engineer rice so that it can be used to grow human proteins for medical uses. The process places a microscopic piece of synthetic DNA into the rice genome, which tells the growing plant to make the desired protein as it matures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ventria President and CEO Scott Deeter says the idea goes back 25 or 30 years, but his company was the first to commercialize it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_118007\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1998px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Deeter, president and CEO of Ventria Bioscience, says that Chinese theft of his technology could have driven him out of business.\" width=\"1998\" height=\"1499\" class=\"size-full wp-image-118007\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d.jpg 1998w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/06/060117_tradesecrets_deeter-6adf7ab82efe77a4cfed378936a4f714ccb22c3d-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1998px) 100vw, 1998px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Deeter, president and CEO of Ventria Bioscience, says that Chinese theft of his technology could have driven him out of business. \u003ccite>(Bryan Thompson/Harvest Public Media)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It's really been the dream of our industry for a long time,\" Deeter says. \"The challenge has really been that the yield of the target product in the plant material was never high enough to make it cost-effective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company invested some $85 million in developing the technology, Deeter says, and he thinks it has the potential to generate upwards of $1 billion in annual revenue. But that potential could be undermined by foreign piracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Ventria rice breeder Weiqiang Zhang is awaiting sentencing in federal court in Kansas City for conspiring to steal the company's trade secrets. He hosted the delegation of visiting scientists from a Chinese crops research institute in whose luggage authorities found the rice seeds in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Had they succeeded in stealing the gene-spliced rice, the scientists may have been able to reverse-engineer it and ultimately undercut Ventria's market. Deeter says it could have driven his company out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crime In The Field\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, a field manager for agribusiness giant Pioneer Hi-Bred International found a man on his knees in an Iowa field, digging up seed corn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Mo Hailong—also known as Robert Mo—according to court documents. Hailong, who is originally from China, pleaded guilty in January 2016 to conspiring to steal trade secrets involving corn seed developed by Monsanto and Pioneer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Griess, the assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Iowa, says the investigation \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-seeds-idUSKCN0X80D6\">began as a simple matter\u003c/a> of a farmer being suspicious about something he saw and reporting it. Digging up seeds in an open field may be simple, but it is difficult to put a precise value on the loss in cases involving trade secrets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Without question, the value of the seed technology in our case was absolutely off the charts,\" Griess says. \"There's simply no disputing by anyone how valuable this is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intellectual property is often hard to protect, no matter what form it takes: films, books, consumer products. The technology used in our food system, however, presents a unique challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Where the commodity in question is grown in open fields, it's sometimes difficult,\" Griess says. \"And this case is a testament to that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court cases in Kansas and Iowa are the only ones Griess is aware of that have been criminally prosecuted, but he says there have been a few other investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are countries in this world that are in dire need of this technology, and one of the ways you go about obtaining it is to steal it,\" Griess says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ties To China\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theft of intellectual property costs the U.S. economy hundreds of billions each year, according to a recent report from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcommission.org/index.html\">Commission on the Theft of American Intellectual Property\u003c/a>, a Washington D.C.-based ad-hoc panel formed to study \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcommission.org/report/IP_Commission_Report_Update_2017.pdf\">intellectual property theft\u003c/a>. China, the authors say, is the biggest offender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the last five to seven years, the majority of the cases the government has brought have involved espionage by the Chinese,\" says Peter Toren, an intellectual property attorney in Washington, D.C. Toren was not involved in the IP Commission Report, but as a federal prosecutor in the Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section of the Justice Department, he won one of the first cases ever prosecuted under the Economic Espionage Act of 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should come as no surprise, he says, that scientists in China would be interested in technology related to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whether it's in agriculture or any other field, they need access to the technology,\" Toren says. \"And, certainly, if you have 1.4 billion people, access to better seeds is something that you're going to be very interested in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ventria's Scott Deeter hopes that China will crack down on these cases, and that scientists across the world will respect each other's innovations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the world is better off with that, I mean you get more creativity,\" Deeter says. \"If you make creativity a commodity and something to be stolen, and don't respect it, you won't have very much. It will go away. And that's the risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Deeter says his company has to continue to innovate in order to stay one step ahead of the thieves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003cem>This story comes to us from the \u003ca href=\"http://kcur.org/term/kansas-news-service#stream/0\">Kansas News Service\u003c/a>, a collaboration covering health, education and politics across the state. \u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcur.org/\">KCUR 89.3\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/118006/spies-in-the-field-as-farming-goes-high-tech-espionage-threat-grows","authors":["byline_bayareabites_118006"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_272","bayareabites_15872","bayareabites_8523"],"featImg":"bayareabites_118010","label":"source_bayareabites_118006"},"bayareabites_113642":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_113642","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"113642","score":null,"sort":[1479253326000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-story-behind-the-tea-and-oranges-in-leonard-cohens-song-suzanne","title":"The Story Behind the 'Tea And Oranges' in Leonard Cohen's Song 'Suzanne'","publishDate":1479253326,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>In the summer of '65, Leonard Cohen, the great poet-singer who died last week, spent many happy hours in a warehouse by the St Lawrence River in his hometown, Montreal. As he watched the boats go by, his friend, a young bohemian dancer named Suzanne Verdal, whose warehouse it was, served him tea and oranges that came all the way from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or so he famously sang in his 1967 debut single, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6o6zMPLcXZ8\">Suzanne\u003c/a>. The haunting ballad would launch Cohen's musical career, taking him from a minor poet and novelist to one of the great songwriters of our time. Tinctured with melancholy, the song touches on love, longing, redemption and faith. It has a mystical quality, but Cohen insisted it was pure journalism. He had simply reported what had happened in that warehouse and set it to music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So did Suzanne really serve tea and oranges? In more than one interview, Cohen was asked what exactly was meant by those fragrant lines:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"and she feeds you tea and oranges \u003cbr> that come all the way from China\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His answer never varied: \"She fed me a tea called Constant Comment, which has small pieces of orange rind in it, which gave birth to the image.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was in fact referring to a store-bought tea manufactured by the Connecticut firm, Bigelow Tea Co. All Cohen had done was deconstruct it into its component parts and whimsically garnish it with a China connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disappointingly prosaic? It might have been, except that Constant Comment has an origin story infused with\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>all the romance of the American entrepreneurial spirit. A child of the Great Depression, this tea would be the founding product of what is one of America's leading specialty tea companies today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was created by Ruth Campbell Bigelow, the grandmother of the company's current CEO, Cindi Bigelow. Ruth was a successful interior designer till the Great Depression dealt a body blow to her business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113644\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1659px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c.jpg\" alt=\"Constant Comment creator Ruth Campbell Bigelow with her husband David. She developed the formula in the kitchen of her New York brownstone.\" width=\"1659\" height=\"1476\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113644\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c.jpg 1659w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-160x142.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-800x712.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-768x683.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-1020x907.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-1180x1050.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-960x854.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-240x214.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-375x334.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-520x463.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1659px) 100vw, 1659px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Constant Comment creator Ruth Campbell Bigelow with her husband David. She developed the formula in the kitchen of her New York brownstone. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bigelow Tea)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"My grandparents literally had no money,\" says Bigelow. \"They had to move to an inn for some time. Those years were very hard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1945, Ruth chanced upon an old colonial tea recipe to make tea in stone containers, flavored with orange peel and sweet spices. She disappeared into the kitchen of her New York brownstone on 50\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Street – they'd bought the dilapidated apartment cheap – and began experimenting. She worked at it for weeks. Finally, when she served it to her friends, she was so pleasantly taken aback by the flood of warm comments, she decided to call it Constant Comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, America had only black tea and green tea. Ruth would pioneer the concept of specialty teas. However,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>despite the glowing reviews from her friends, establishing her new orange-tea in the market proved to be an uphill slog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was first sold in squat tins wrapped in gold foil to specialty stores and boutiques. Since the family\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>couldn't afford a colored label, Ruth's husband and son, David Sr. and David Jr., sat up every night painstakingly hand-painting the green background and red dresses of the two ladies on the label shown drinking tea. In the morning, the tins were loaded into the family station wagon and sold store by store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113645\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-1020x1333.jpg\" alt=\"Constant Comment was first sold in tins wrapped in gold foil. The family could only afford single color labels for the first tea tins. So David Sr. and his son, David Jr., would hand-paint the red ladies on the labels.\" width=\"640\" height=\"836\" class=\"size-large wp-image-113645\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-1020x1333.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-160x209.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-800x1046.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-768x1004.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-1180x1542.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-960x1255.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-240x314.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-375x490.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-520x680.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76.jpg 1530w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Constant Comment was first sold in tins wrapped in gold foil. The family could only afford single color labels for the first tea tins. So David Sr. and his son, David Jr., would hand-paint the red ladies on the labels. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bigelow Tea)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One night, a dejected David Sr. said, \"Son, don't tell your mother, but I don't think this company is ever going anywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then the Bigelows received an invaluable piece of feedback. One grocer reported that a customer had opened a tin, got a whiff of the heady orange fragrance, and was captivated. Realizing that the zestful\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>aroma was the product's defining feature, the inventive Ruth supplied every shopkeeper with a \"whiffing jar.\" Labeled \"Open and Whiff,\" it was placed by the cash register in the way that perfume-testing bottles are available today at cosmetic counters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon Constant Comment was being sold at Bergdorf's and Bloomingdales. But even then, says Cindi Bigelow, sales did not leap. \"It was a very slow, gentle rise. The major jump took place in the 1970s,\" she says, \"when we put our teabags in a folding box instead of a tin – now it became more presentable. And sales took off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bigelow is \"very, very proud\" of the Cohen connection. \"When I first heard the song years and years ago, a friend pointed it out to me, and said\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>did you know he's talking about Constant Comment?\" she says. \"It was a real surprise, but we're thrilled to have that association.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So did the tea and oranges come all the way from China?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, they did not,\" laughs Bigelow. \"The tea my grandmother used – and which we continue to use – is handpicked from the top of a mountain in Sri Lanka. We continue to buy from the same tea gardens even today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the oranges? \"Not China, not even close,\" she says. \"I can't tell you which country our oranges are from because that would be giving away too much, but it's from the same source that my grandmother used.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, Suzanne Verdal remembers the \"tea and oranges\" a little differently. In 1998 she told BBC Radio, \"We had tea together many times and mandarin oranges... I would always light a candle and serve tea and it would be quiet for several minutes, then we would speak. And I would speak about life and poetry and we'd share ideas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe Cohen's version,\" says Bigelow. \"Because he was registering everything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But where Suzanne Verdal and the Bigelow Tea Co. are in perfect accord is in their common devotion to the environment. Suzanne was an early recycler. Cohen's song describes her wearing \"rags and feathers from Salvation Army counters,\" an aesthetic shaped by her commitment to repurposing old clothes. Bigelow, which tags itself as a \"Zero Waste to Landfill\" company, is big on recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's part of the DNA of the employees,\" says Bigelow. \"Corrugated boxes are shredded for packaging, tea dust is used on farms for compost, all our cafeterias use compostable components. There are 900 solar panels on the roof of our Fairfield plant, which gives us 15 per cent of the energy we use. We are proud of being a family-run, inclusive company that believes in kindness. All our teabags are made in America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bigelow website has several complaints from Constant Comment connoisseurs about missing the old taste. So has the formula of their founding tea changed? The question appalls Bigelow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Absolutely not,\" she says. \"People drink with their eyes — and because the design on the box has changed\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>they assume the taste has changed. It hasn't. Till today, the only two people who know the formula are my parents. They put on their lab coats, go into a room and do the mixing – 6 minutes of this and 12 minutes of that. What we can't help is the variability in the crop of oranges from year to year, but we would never ever change the original recipe. My father hasn't read those comments, and if he did, he would be so insulted and so hurt – his whole view of mankind would change. I'm not joking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113650\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Ruth Campbell Bigelow, the creator of Constant Comment.\" width=\"600\" height=\"483\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113650\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85-160x129.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85-240x193.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85-375x302.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85-520x419.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruth Campbell Bigelow, the creator of Constant Comment. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bigelow Tea)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ruth Bigelow died before seeing her company prosper or knowing that her tea would make its way into one of the most beautiful love songs of the age.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>She died in 1966, the same year that \u003cem>Suzanne \u003c/em>was made famous by Judy Collins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My grandmother was a very generous woman, the sort who would give the shirt off her back,\" says Bigelow. \"But more than anything, she was tenacious. For a woman to be running a business in the 1940s was not an easy thing at all, but she persevered. Because of her, we are where we are today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the family has resisted suggestions from canny advertising agencies to change the name of the tea. Constant Comment\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>doesn't exactly trip off the tongue. \u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>It's the name my grandmother gave,\" says Bigelow, \"and we're not changing it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nina Martyris is a freelance journalist based in Knoxville, Tenn.Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Cohen's friend Suzanne Verdal fed him a black tea with pieces of orange rind in it. That tea is Constant Comment, sold by the Bigelow Tea Co. First sold in the 1940s, it remains popular even today.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1479253326,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1453},"headData":{"title":"The Story Behind the 'Tea And Oranges' in Leonard Cohen's Song 'Suzanne' | KQED","description":"Cohen's friend Suzanne Verdal fed him a black tea with pieces of orange rind in it. That tea is Constant Comment, sold by the Bigelow Tea Co. First sold in the 1940s, it remains popular even today.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"113642 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=113642","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/11/15/the-story-behind-the-tea-and-oranges-in-leonard-cohens-song-suzanne/","disqusTitle":"The Story Behind the 'Tea And Oranges' in Leonard Cohen's Song 'Suzanne'","nprImageCredit":"K & K Ulf Kruger OHG","nprByline":"Nina Martyris, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Redferns/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"502047665","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=502047665&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/11/15/502047665/the-story-behind-the-tea-and-oranges-in-leonard-cohens-song-suzanne?ft=nprml&f=502047665","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 15 Nov 2016 18:04:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 15 Nov 2016 16:27:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 15 Nov 2016 18:04:44 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/113642/the-story-behind-the-tea-and-oranges-in-leonard-cohens-song-suzanne","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the summer of '65, Leonard Cohen, the great poet-singer who died last week, spent many happy hours in a warehouse by the St Lawrence River in his hometown, Montreal. As he watched the boats go by, his friend, a young bohemian dancer named Suzanne Verdal, whose warehouse it was, served him tea and oranges that came all the way from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or so he famously sang in his 1967 debut single, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6o6zMPLcXZ8\">Suzanne\u003c/a>. The haunting ballad would launch Cohen's musical career, taking him from a minor poet and novelist to one of the great songwriters of our time. Tinctured with melancholy, the song touches on love, longing, redemption and faith. It has a mystical quality, but Cohen insisted it was pure journalism. He had simply reported what had happened in that warehouse and set it to music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So did Suzanne really serve tea and oranges? In more than one interview, Cohen was asked what exactly was meant by those fragrant lines:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"and she feeds you tea and oranges \u003cbr> that come all the way from China\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His answer never varied: \"She fed me a tea called Constant Comment, which has small pieces of orange rind in it, which gave birth to the image.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was in fact referring to a store-bought tea manufactured by the Connecticut firm, Bigelow Tea Co. All Cohen had done was deconstruct it into its component parts and whimsically garnish it with a China connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disappointingly prosaic? It might have been, except that Constant Comment has an origin story infused with\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>all the romance of the American entrepreneurial spirit. A child of the Great Depression, this tea would be the founding product of what is one of America's leading specialty tea companies today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was created by Ruth Campbell Bigelow, the grandmother of the company's current CEO, Cindi Bigelow. Ruth was a successful interior designer till the Great Depression dealt a body blow to her business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113644\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1659px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c.jpg\" alt=\"Constant Comment creator Ruth Campbell Bigelow with her husband David. She developed the formula in the kitchen of her New York brownstone.\" width=\"1659\" height=\"1476\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113644\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c.jpg 1659w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-160x142.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-800x712.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-768x683.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-1020x907.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-1180x1050.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-960x854.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-240x214.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-375x334.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-3_enl-548f76df2fddbaf38e04355d76d24c53ae724d2c-520x463.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1659px) 100vw, 1659px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Constant Comment creator Ruth Campbell Bigelow with her husband David. She developed the formula in the kitchen of her New York brownstone. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bigelow Tea)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"My grandparents literally had no money,\" says Bigelow. \"They had to move to an inn for some time. Those years were very hard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1945, Ruth chanced upon an old colonial tea recipe to make tea in stone containers, flavored with orange peel and sweet spices. She disappeared into the kitchen of her New York brownstone on 50\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Street – they'd bought the dilapidated apartment cheap – and began experimenting. She worked at it for weeks. Finally, when she served it to her friends, she was so pleasantly taken aback by the flood of warm comments, she decided to call it Constant Comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, America had only black tea and green tea. Ruth would pioneer the concept of specialty teas. However,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>despite the glowing reviews from her friends, establishing her new orange-tea in the market proved to be an uphill slog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was first sold in squat tins wrapped in gold foil to specialty stores and boutiques. Since the family\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>couldn't afford a colored label, Ruth's husband and son, David Sr. and David Jr., sat up every night painstakingly hand-painting the green background and red dresses of the two ladies on the label shown drinking tea. In the morning, the tins were loaded into the family station wagon and sold store by store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113645\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-1020x1333.jpg\" alt=\"Constant Comment was first sold in tins wrapped in gold foil. The family could only afford single color labels for the first tea tins. So David Sr. and his son, David Jr., would hand-paint the red ladies on the labels.\" width=\"640\" height=\"836\" class=\"size-large wp-image-113645\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-1020x1333.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-160x209.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-800x1046.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-768x1004.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-1180x1542.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-960x1255.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-240x314.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-375x490.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76-520x680.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-1_enl-8786edc270f160f1f23d61e51009e1ff64705b76.jpg 1530w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Constant Comment was first sold in tins wrapped in gold foil. The family could only afford single color labels for the first tea tins. So David Sr. and his son, David Jr., would hand-paint the red ladies on the labels. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bigelow Tea)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One night, a dejected David Sr. said, \"Son, don't tell your mother, but I don't think this company is ever going anywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then the Bigelows received an invaluable piece of feedback. One grocer reported that a customer had opened a tin, got a whiff of the heady orange fragrance, and was captivated. Realizing that the zestful\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>aroma was the product's defining feature, the inventive Ruth supplied every shopkeeper with a \"whiffing jar.\" Labeled \"Open and Whiff,\" it was placed by the cash register in the way that perfume-testing bottles are available today at cosmetic counters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon Constant Comment was being sold at Bergdorf's and Bloomingdales. But even then, says Cindi Bigelow, sales did not leap. \"It was a very slow, gentle rise. The major jump took place in the 1970s,\" she says, \"when we put our teabags in a folding box instead of a tin – now it became more presentable. And sales took off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bigelow is \"very, very proud\" of the Cohen connection. \"When I first heard the song years and years ago, a friend pointed it out to me, and said\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>did you know he's talking about Constant Comment?\" she says. \"It was a real surprise, but we're thrilled to have that association.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So did the tea and oranges come all the way from China?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, they did not,\" laughs Bigelow. \"The tea my grandmother used – and which we continue to use – is handpicked from the top of a mountain in Sri Lanka. We continue to buy from the same tea gardens even today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the oranges? \"Not China, not even close,\" she says. \"I can't tell you which country our oranges are from because that would be giving away too much, but it's from the same source that my grandmother used.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, Suzanne Verdal remembers the \"tea and oranges\" a little differently. In 1998 she told BBC Radio, \"We had tea together many times and mandarin oranges... I would always light a candle and serve tea and it would be quiet for several minutes, then we would speak. And I would speak about life and poetry and we'd share ideas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe Cohen's version,\" says Bigelow. \"Because he was registering everything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But where Suzanne Verdal and the Bigelow Tea Co. are in perfect accord is in their common devotion to the environment. Suzanne was an early recycler. Cohen's song describes her wearing \"rags and feathers from Salvation Army counters,\" an aesthetic shaped by her commitment to repurposing old clothes. Bigelow, which tags itself as a \"Zero Waste to Landfill\" company, is big on recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's part of the DNA of the employees,\" says Bigelow. \"Corrugated boxes are shredded for packaging, tea dust is used on farms for compost, all our cafeterias use compostable components. There are 900 solar panels on the roof of our Fairfield plant, which gives us 15 per cent of the energy we use. We are proud of being a family-run, inclusive company that believes in kindness. All our teabags are made in America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bigelow website has several complaints from Constant Comment connoisseurs about missing the old taste. So has the formula of their founding tea changed? The question appalls Bigelow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Absolutely not,\" she says. \"People drink with their eyes — and because the design on the box has changed\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>they assume the taste has changed. It hasn't. Till today, the only two people who know the formula are my parents. They put on their lab coats, go into a room and do the mixing – 6 minutes of this and 12 minutes of that. What we can't help is the variability in the crop of oranges from year to year, but we would never ever change the original recipe. My father hasn't read those comments, and if he did, he would be so insulted and so hurt – his whole view of mankind would change. I'm not joking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_113650\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Ruth Campbell Bigelow, the creator of Constant Comment.\" width=\"600\" height=\"483\" class=\"size-full wp-image-113650\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85-160x129.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85-240x193.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85-375x302.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/11/bigelow-tea-4_custom-825abd19553f8b1973ebe8ed5d431295100d1ef3-s600-c85-520x419.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruth Campbell Bigelow, the creator of Constant Comment. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bigelow Tea)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ruth Bigelow died before seeing her company prosper or knowing that her tea would make its way into one of the most beautiful love songs of the age.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>She died in 1966, the same year that \u003cem>Suzanne \u003c/em>was made famous by Judy Collins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My grandmother was a very generous woman, the sort who would give the shirt off her back,\" says Bigelow. \"But more than anything, she was tenacious. For a woman to be running a business in the 1940s was not an easy thing at all, but she persevered. Because of her, we are where we are today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the family has resisted suggestions from canny advertising agencies to change the name of the tea. Constant Comment\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>doesn't exactly trip off the tongue. \u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>It's the name my grandmother gave,\" says Bigelow, \"and we're not changing it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nina Martyris is a freelance journalist based in Knoxville, Tenn.Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/113642/the-story-behind-the-tea-and-oranges-in-leonard-cohens-song-suzanne","authors":["byline_bayareabites_113642"],"categories":["bayareabites_2407","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_1248"],"tags":["bayareabites_15682","bayareabites_272","bayareabites_15681"],"featImg":"bayareabites_113643","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_101744":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_101744","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"101744","score":null,"sort":[1444143658000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-forbidden-black-rice-flourished-for-millennia","title":"How 'Forbidden' Black Rice Flourished For Millennia","publishDate":1444143658,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>In ancient China, black rice was considered so superior and rare, it was reserved exclusively for the emperor and royalty. These days the grain, also known as forbidden rice, has become the darling of gourmets and people seeking superior nutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These folks are onto something: The color of black rice is the result of plant pigments called anthocyanins, which research has linked to a number of positive health effects: from anti-inflammatory properties to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/01/14/169323332/women-with-a-berry-snacking-habit-may-have-healthier-hearts\">healthier arteries\u003c/a> and better insulin regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now, geneticists \u003ca href=\"http://www.plantcell.org/content/early/2015/09/11/tpc.15.00310.abstract\">report\u003c/a> they've traced the birth and spread of black rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modern, domesticated rice comes in a range of colors, usually described as white, red and black. The wild rice from which it was domesticated has reddish grains, but the early farmers who created the rice we eat today selected for white grains. Collectors have never found black grains in more than a thousand samples of wild rice stored in genebanks. And yet black varieties are fairly widespread, albeit sporadically, across Asia — from India to Japan — with black varieties in each of the three subspecies of edible rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which poses a bit of a problem for the origin of black rice. The fact that it has never been found in wild rice means that it must have arisen after the start of domestication. How, then, did it spread across Asia and into the different subspecies?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of researchers led by Takeshi Izawa, of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nias.affrc.go.jp/index_e.html\">National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences\u003c/a> in Tsukuba, Japan, studied 21 different varieties of black rice that had been maintained by farmers. They found that changes to a single gene causes the black coloration, by restoring the chemical pathway that makes the pigments. That pathway is blocked in white rice. The researchers also found tell-tale leftovers from one of the rice subspecies flanking the gene in the other subspecies. That suggests that black grains arose once and then spread by crossing with already domesticated varieties of the other subspecies, probably more than once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/people/staff/fuller\">Dorian Fuller\u003c/a>, a professor of archaeobotany at University College London and an authority on the domestication of rice, agrees that it is highly likely that farmers selected for black grains when they showed up after accidental crossing. \"Color, like fragrance, is often a target of post-domestication cultural selection — think of all the colors of maize or potatoes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the question remains: Just why did those farmers select black varieties? And why was black rice a tribute for the emperor?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's tempting to believe that the ancient Chinese somehow knew black rice was more nutritious. And indeed, traditional Chinese medicine speaks of black rice as being good for old people and as a tonic. Farmers who grow black varieties also talk of medicinal effects: For example, according to Nepali hill farmers, black rice is good for you in \"the maternal period.\" But while some cultures value black rice, in other places, such as Laos, it is viewed as nutritionally inferior to white rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modern nutritional science has shown that colored rices are more nutritious than white rice, even after milling. In addition to beneficial pigments, they often contain higher amounts of minerals like iron and zinc and, sometimes, more protein, which could indeed improve the health of people who ate them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://www.nutrition.tufts.edu/faculty/peterson-julia\">Julia Peterson\u003c/a>, an adjunct assistant professor with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, puts it, while some ancient peoples might have known black rice had medicinal properties, they probably weren't attributing those health benefits to anthocyanins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps black rice was incidentally healthier, and farmers and the emperor selected it simply because it was rare and interesting. Which might also explain its popularity today.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.jeremycherfas.net/about/\">Jeremy Cherfas\u003c/a> is a biologist and science journalist based in Rome.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Once reserved for the exclusive use of Chinese royalty, black rice these days has become the darling of gourmets seeking superior nutrition. Now geneticists have traced where this rare rice came from.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1444101801,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":634},"headData":{"title":"How 'Forbidden' Black Rice Flourished For Millennia | KQED","description":"Once reserved for the exclusive use of Chinese royalty, black rice these days has become the darling of gourmets seeking superior nutrition. Now geneticists have traced where this rare rice came from.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"101744 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=101744","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/10/06/how-forbidden-black-rice-flourished-for-millennia/","disqusTitle":"How 'Forbidden' Black Rice Flourished For Millennia","nprByline":"Jeremy Cherfas, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/npr-food/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"445316722","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=445316722&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/05/445316722/how-forbidden-black-rice-flourished-for-millennia?ft=nprml&f=445316722","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 05 Oct 2015 14:57:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 05 Oct 2015 14:55:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 05 Oct 2015 14:57:12 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/101744/how-forbidden-black-rice-flourished-for-millennia","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In ancient China, black rice was considered so superior and rare, it was reserved exclusively for the emperor and royalty. These days the grain, also known as forbidden rice, has become the darling of gourmets and people seeking superior nutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These folks are onto something: The color of black rice is the result of plant pigments called anthocyanins, which research has linked to a number of positive health effects: from anti-inflammatory properties to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/01/14/169323332/women-with-a-berry-snacking-habit-may-have-healthier-hearts\">healthier arteries\u003c/a> and better insulin regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now, geneticists \u003ca href=\"http://www.plantcell.org/content/early/2015/09/11/tpc.15.00310.abstract\">report\u003c/a> they've traced the birth and spread of black rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modern, domesticated rice comes in a range of colors, usually described as white, red and black. The wild rice from which it was domesticated has reddish grains, but the early farmers who created the rice we eat today selected for white grains. Collectors have never found black grains in more than a thousand samples of wild rice stored in genebanks. And yet black varieties are fairly widespread, albeit sporadically, across Asia — from India to Japan — with black varieties in each of the three subspecies of edible rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which poses a bit of a problem for the origin of black rice. The fact that it has never been found in wild rice means that it must have arisen after the start of domestication. How, then, did it spread across Asia and into the different subspecies?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of researchers led by Takeshi Izawa, of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nias.affrc.go.jp/index_e.html\">National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences\u003c/a> in Tsukuba, Japan, studied 21 different varieties of black rice that had been maintained by farmers. They found that changes to a single gene causes the black coloration, by restoring the chemical pathway that makes the pigments. That pathway is blocked in white rice. The researchers also found tell-tale leftovers from one of the rice subspecies flanking the gene in the other subspecies. That suggests that black grains arose once and then spread by crossing with already domesticated varieties of the other subspecies, probably more than once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/people/staff/fuller\">Dorian Fuller\u003c/a>, a professor of archaeobotany at University College London and an authority on the domestication of rice, agrees that it is highly likely that farmers selected for black grains when they showed up after accidental crossing. \"Color, like fragrance, is often a target of post-domestication cultural selection — think of all the colors of maize or potatoes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the question remains: Just why did those farmers select black varieties? And why was black rice a tribute for the emperor?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's tempting to believe that the ancient Chinese somehow knew black rice was more nutritious. And indeed, traditional Chinese medicine speaks of black rice as being good for old people and as a tonic. Farmers who grow black varieties also talk of medicinal effects: For example, according to Nepali hill farmers, black rice is good for you in \"the maternal period.\" But while some cultures value black rice, in other places, such as Laos, it is viewed as nutritionally inferior to white rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modern nutritional science has shown that colored rices are more nutritious than white rice, even after milling. In addition to beneficial pigments, they often contain higher amounts of minerals like iron and zinc and, sometimes, more protein, which could indeed improve the health of people who ate them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://www.nutrition.tufts.edu/faculty/peterson-julia\">Julia Peterson\u003c/a>, an adjunct assistant professor with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, puts it, while some ancient peoples might have known black rice had medicinal properties, they probably weren't attributing those health benefits to anthocyanins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps black rice was incidentally healthier, and farmers and the emperor selected it simply because it was rare and interesting. Which might also explain its popularity today.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.jeremycherfas.net/about/\">Jeremy Cherfas\u003c/a> is a biologist and science journalist based in Rome.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/101744/how-forbidden-black-rice-flourished-for-millennia","authors":["byline_bayareabites_101744"],"categories":["bayareabites_2998","bayareabites_2090","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916"],"tags":["bayareabites_14917","bayareabites_272","bayareabites_215"],"featImg":"bayareabites_101745","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_95258":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_95258","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"95258","score":null,"sort":[1429643013000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"tea-tao-and-tourists-chinas-mount-hua-is-three-part-harmony","title":"Tea, Tao and Tourists: China's Mount Hua Is Three-Part Harmony","publishDate":1429643013,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95260\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-95260\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse9-6_custom-860212609323ad927f63c1820c6328517dff0dfd-e1429642692591.jpg\" alt=\"Mount Hua, one of China's five sacred mountains, is a hub of Taoism.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mount Hua, one of China's five sacred mountains, is a hub of Taoism. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ken Marshall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine yourself clinging to a cliff face with nothing but uneven, worn wooden planks and chains to keep you from plummeting 7,000 feet to your untimely demise. Don't worry: You can rent a little red safety harness for $5. No one will make you wear it, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, and you will probably encounter someone coming the other way, in which case you will have to maneuver around your neighbor as if playing a deadly game of Twister. Someone has to go on the outside, so I hope you're good at not blinking first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You wouldn't do this for all the tea in China, you say?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people do it for just one cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Hua (also known as Huashan) is in central China's Shaanxi Province, not far from the famed terracotta soldiers. Though a popular destination for thrill-seeking tourists, the mountain has been steeped in religious history since a Taoist temple was first built at its base in the 2nd century B.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95261\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-95261\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse1-1_vert-92e8acf1821cec1e7a4ff30cf3346dfb55e2393a.jpg\" alt=\"A foot-wide path made of wooden planks winds around the surface of a cliff. Climbers harness themselves to a wire and grab the chain to keep from falling.\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse1-1_vert-92e8acf1821cec1e7a4ff30cf3346dfb55e2393a.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse1-1_vert-92e8acf1821cec1e7a4ff30cf3346dfb55e2393a-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse1-1_vert-92e8acf1821cec1e7a4ff30cf3346dfb55e2393a-320x427.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A foot-wide path made of wooden planks winds around the surface of a cliff. Climbers harness themselves to a wire and grab the chain to keep from falling. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ken Marshall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plank-walk, sometimes called \"the most dangerous trail in the world,\" is along the path to a pot of tea at a Taoist temple called \u003ca href=\"http://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shaanxi/xian/mt_huashan.htm\">Cuiyun Palace\u003c/a>. Which is fitting, because the \"Tao,\" which translates as \"the path\" or \"the way,\" will always lead you to tea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taoism is China's indigenous spirituality, dating back to the 4th century B.C., when Laozi, the reputed author of the \u003cem>Tao Te Ching\u003c/em>, was said to have been served the first cup of ceremonial tea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-95262\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse6-11_custom-bad3319db5f04e9adb86c49b6138387c18044036-e1429642816205.jpg\" alt=\"For a better view, a hiker takes a detour to the end of a tree jutting out of the cliff.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For a better view, a hiker takes a detour to the end of a tree jutting out of the cliff. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ken Marshall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Taoists seek harmonization with nature — not only outer nature, but also inner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Tea is part of that integrated path of well-being,\" says Ken Cohen, 62, a Taoist scholar and tea master. \"It is deeply linked with the Taoist search for health, for longevity, spiritual wisdom, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/15/174334493/a-daily-habit-of-green-tea-or-coffee-cuts-stroke-risk\">health benefits\u003c/a> now validated by Western medical science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taoism seeks to organize the body and mind to \"nurture life,\" an art called \"Yang Sheng.\" It means to \"adjust your lifestyle habits, such as meditation, physical environment, the food you eat, exercise habits — how you can create a holistic system for well-being,\" Cohen says. \"Through these habits, one becomes aligned with nature, and those who are deeply in touch with themselves will naturally express ethics and morality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95263\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-95263\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse8-5_vert-a47544e23b098d7b390534f1257b42b4b4998179-e1429642888134.jpg\" alt=\"There are many footholds and steep staircases carved into the mountain itself.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are many footholds and steep staircases carved into the mountain itself. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ken Marshall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meditation is vital to reach this state, and tea is at the center of it. Drinking it with a quiet mind and awareness allows the senses to open — to stop, look and listen. In his book \u003cem>The Art and Alchemy of Chinese Tea\u003c/em>, Daniel Reid writes that the true taste of tea reveals itself only to those who learn how to relax their bodies and still their minds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chinese don't use the term \"tea ceremony\" in a way that involves religious symbolism and an exact choreography. Rather, they use the phrase \"Cha Yi,\" or \"the art of tea.\" The practice is more flexible, with general rules aimed at creating an aesthetic experience in which the mind, body and spirit are all involved and focused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The purpose of the ceremony is to find how you can maximize your experience, from what kind of utensils you use, to how you prepare the water, to the amount of tea you put in the cup,\" says Cohen. \"The only rules are those that are necessary to bring out the flavor of the tea.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Mount Hua, the water is pristine. It comes from snowmelt, rain and mountain springs. Sometimes porters carry bottled water to the summit. A porter, whose average age ranges from 30 to 60, navigates the treacherous trails while carrying up to 175 pounds of construction materials, food, water and rubbish on his back, says James Guo, who has lived in the area for nearly 40 years and who leads tours through the mountains. But better-maintained trails, wider paths, railings and a cable car that goes halfway up the mountain have made the climb more accessible to tourists — and has taken some of the strain off porters, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95259\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-95259\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/altteahouse-2_enl-5f9032f170d014c53d107cf63de9cce0b2bba7c6-e1429642930608.jpg\" alt=\"You can get a cup of tea at Cuiyun Palace on the west peak of Mount Hua.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">You can get a cup of tea at Cuiyun Palace on the west peak of Mount Hua. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of James Guo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most tourists come to scale the precipitous peaks and take in the views. But that hasn't abated Mt. Hua's religious significance. Its five peaks create the shape of a lotus flower, revered by Taoists for its wisdom and openness. The mountains, which were a place for pilgrimage for emperors of past dynasties, are still dotted with several influential temples. Mt. Hua is one of the five sacred mountains in China, and is the site of many legends involving deities and immortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The influx of tourism also hasn't diminished tea's importance and life-giving properties, Cohen contends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you have a Taoist monastery, or a place of meditation like Mt. Hua, or a place where they're simply serving tea in an area that is appreciative of Taoism and Chinese art, the very fact that they're serving it in healing and meditative intent changes the effect on the people who drink it,\" he says, citing a 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://deanradin.com/evidence/Shiah2013.pdf%20CHECK\">study\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Explore\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That in itself may well be worth the climb.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laurel Dalrymple is a writer based in Virginia.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One of China's five sacred mountains, Mount Hua is a lotus-shaped range of peaks and hub of Taoism. It has many harrowing paths to well-being — and to tea.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1556668750,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":971},"headData":{"title":"Tea, Tao and Tourists: China's Mount Hua Is Three-Part Harmony | KQED","description":"One of China's five sacred mountains, Mount Hua is a lotus-shaped range of peaks and hub of Taoism. It has many harrowing paths to well-being — and to tea.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"95258 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=95258","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/04/21/tea-tao-and-tourists-chinas-mount-hua-is-three-part-harmony/","disqusTitle":"Tea, Tao and Tourists: China's Mount Hua Is Three-Part Harmony","nprByline":"Laurel Dalrymple, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"401253598","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=401253598&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/04/21/401253598/tea-tao-and-tourists-china-s-mt-hua-is-three-part-harmony?ft=nprml&f=401253598","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 21 Apr 2015 13:54:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 21 Apr 2015 12:54:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 21 Apr 2015 13:54:54 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/95258/tea-tao-and-tourists-chinas-mount-hua-is-three-part-harmony","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95260\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-95260\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse9-6_custom-860212609323ad927f63c1820c6328517dff0dfd-e1429642692591.jpg\" alt=\"Mount Hua, one of China's five sacred mountains, is a hub of Taoism.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mount Hua, one of China's five sacred mountains, is a hub of Taoism. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ken Marshall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine yourself clinging to a cliff face with nothing but uneven, worn wooden planks and chains to keep you from plummeting 7,000 feet to your untimely demise. Don't worry: You can rent a little red safety harness for $5. No one will make you wear it, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, and you will probably encounter someone coming the other way, in which case you will have to maneuver around your neighbor as if playing a deadly game of Twister. Someone has to go on the outside, so I hope you're good at not blinking first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You wouldn't do this for all the tea in China, you say?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people do it for just one cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Hua (also known as Huashan) is in central China's Shaanxi Province, not far from the famed terracotta soldiers. Though a popular destination for thrill-seeking tourists, the mountain has been steeped in religious history since a Taoist temple was first built at its base in the 2nd century B.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95261\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-95261\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse1-1_vert-92e8acf1821cec1e7a4ff30cf3346dfb55e2393a.jpg\" alt=\"A foot-wide path made of wooden planks winds around the surface of a cliff. Climbers harness themselves to a wire and grab the chain to keep from falling.\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse1-1_vert-92e8acf1821cec1e7a4ff30cf3346dfb55e2393a.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse1-1_vert-92e8acf1821cec1e7a4ff30cf3346dfb55e2393a-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse1-1_vert-92e8acf1821cec1e7a4ff30cf3346dfb55e2393a-320x427.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A foot-wide path made of wooden planks winds around the surface of a cliff. Climbers harness themselves to a wire and grab the chain to keep from falling. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ken Marshall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plank-walk, sometimes called \"the most dangerous trail in the world,\" is along the path to a pot of tea at a Taoist temple called \u003ca href=\"http://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shaanxi/xian/mt_huashan.htm\">Cuiyun Palace\u003c/a>. Which is fitting, because the \"Tao,\" which translates as \"the path\" or \"the way,\" will always lead you to tea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taoism is China's indigenous spirituality, dating back to the 4th century B.C., when Laozi, the reputed author of the \u003cem>Tao Te Ching\u003c/em>, was said to have been served the first cup of ceremonial tea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-95262\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse6-11_custom-bad3319db5f04e9adb86c49b6138387c18044036-e1429642816205.jpg\" alt=\"For a better view, a hiker takes a detour to the end of a tree jutting out of the cliff.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For a better view, a hiker takes a detour to the end of a tree jutting out of the cliff. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ken Marshall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Taoists seek harmonization with nature — not only outer nature, but also inner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Tea is part of that integrated path of well-being,\" says Ken Cohen, 62, a Taoist scholar and tea master. \"It is deeply linked with the Taoist search for health, for longevity, spiritual wisdom, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/15/174334493/a-daily-habit-of-green-tea-or-coffee-cuts-stroke-risk\">health benefits\u003c/a> now validated by Western medical science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taoism seeks to organize the body and mind to \"nurture life,\" an art called \"Yang Sheng.\" It means to \"adjust your lifestyle habits, such as meditation, physical environment, the food you eat, exercise habits — how you can create a holistic system for well-being,\" Cohen says. \"Through these habits, one becomes aligned with nature, and those who are deeply in touch with themselves will naturally express ethics and morality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95263\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-95263\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/teahouse8-5_vert-a47544e23b098d7b390534f1257b42b4b4998179-e1429642888134.jpg\" alt=\"There are many footholds and steep staircases carved into the mountain itself.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are many footholds and steep staircases carved into the mountain itself. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ken Marshall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meditation is vital to reach this state, and tea is at the center of it. Drinking it with a quiet mind and awareness allows the senses to open — to stop, look and listen. In his book \u003cem>The Art and Alchemy of Chinese Tea\u003c/em>, Daniel Reid writes that the true taste of tea reveals itself only to those who learn how to relax their bodies and still their minds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chinese don't use the term \"tea ceremony\" in a way that involves religious symbolism and an exact choreography. Rather, they use the phrase \"Cha Yi,\" or \"the art of tea.\" The practice is more flexible, with general rules aimed at creating an aesthetic experience in which the mind, body and spirit are all involved and focused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The purpose of the ceremony is to find how you can maximize your experience, from what kind of utensils you use, to how you prepare the water, to the amount of tea you put in the cup,\" says Cohen. \"The only rules are those that are necessary to bring out the flavor of the tea.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Mount Hua, the water is pristine. It comes from snowmelt, rain and mountain springs. Sometimes porters carry bottled water to the summit. A porter, whose average age ranges from 30 to 60, navigates the treacherous trails while carrying up to 175 pounds of construction materials, food, water and rubbish on his back, says James Guo, who has lived in the area for nearly 40 years and who leads tours through the mountains. But better-maintained trails, wider paths, railings and a cable car that goes halfway up the mountain have made the climb more accessible to tourists — and has taken some of the strain off porters, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_95259\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-95259\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/04/altteahouse-2_enl-5f9032f170d014c53d107cf63de9cce0b2bba7c6-e1429642930608.jpg\" alt=\"You can get a cup of tea at Cuiyun Palace on the west peak of Mount Hua.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">You can get a cup of tea at Cuiyun Palace on the west peak of Mount Hua. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of James Guo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most tourists come to scale the precipitous peaks and take in the views. But that hasn't abated Mt. Hua's religious significance. Its five peaks create the shape of a lotus flower, revered by Taoists for its wisdom and openness. The mountains, which were a place for pilgrimage for emperors of past dynasties, are still dotted with several influential temples. Mt. Hua is one of the five sacred mountains in China, and is the site of many legends involving deities and immortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The influx of tourism also hasn't diminished tea's importance and life-giving properties, Cohen contends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you have a Taoist monastery, or a place of meditation like Mt. Hua, or a place where they're simply serving tea in an area that is appreciative of Taoism and Chinese art, the very fact that they're serving it in healing and meditative intent changes the effect on the people who drink it,\" he says, citing a 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://deanradin.com/evidence/Shiah2013.pdf%20CHECK\">study\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Explore\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That in itself may well be worth the climb.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laurel Dalrymple is a writer based in Virginia.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/95258/tea-tao-and-tourists-chinas-mount-hua-is-three-part-harmony","authors":["byline_bayareabites_95258"],"categories":["bayareabites_2998","bayareabites_13306","bayareabites_2090","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_1248","bayareabites_61"],"tags":["bayareabites_272","bayareabites_1608","bayareabites_165"],"featImg":"bayareabites_95259","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_85462":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_85462","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"85462","score":null,"sort":[1406904379000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-china-spurns-gmo-corn-imports-american-farmers-lose-billions","title":"When China Spurns GMO Corn Imports, American Farmers Lose Billions","publishDate":1406904379,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_85463\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/china-corn_slide-37951b7619deca7318f37011c78f99f79705aa0e.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/china-corn_slide-37951b7619deca7318f37011c78f99f79705aa0e.jpg\" alt=\"A corn purchaser writes on his account in northwest China in 2012. In November 2013, officials began rejecting imports of U.S. corn when they detected traces of a new gene not yet approved in China. Photo: Peng Zhaozhi/Xinhua/Landov\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-85463\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A corn purchaser writes on his account in northwest China in 2012. In November 2013, officials began rejecting imports of U.S. corn when they detected traces of a new gene not yet approved in China. Photo: Peng Zhaozhi/Xinhua/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/31/336833095/when-china-spurns-gmo-corn-imports-american-farmers-lose-billions\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/31/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a while there, China was the American farmer's best friend. The world's most populous nation had so many pigs and chickens to feed, it became one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2014-april/china-in-the-next-decade-rising-meat-demand-and-growing-imports-of-feed.aspx#.U9qutONdV8E\">top importers\u003c/a> of U.S. corn and soybeans almost overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China also developed a big appetite for another corn-derived animal feed called \"dried distillers grains with solubles,\" or \u003ca href=\"http://www.grains.org/buyingselling/ddgs\">DDGS\u003c/a>, a byproduct of ethanol production. China's appetites for the stuff drove up global grain prices and filled Midwestern pockets with cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, though, the lovely relationship has gone sour, all because of biotechnology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of years ago, American farmers began planting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.isaaa.org/gmapprovaldatabase/event/default.asp?EventID=130\">new type\u003c/a> of genetically engineered corn invented by the seed company \u003ca href=\"http://www.syngenta.com/global/corporate/en/Pages/home.aspx\">Syngenta\u003c/a>. This GMO contains a new version of a gene that protects the corn plant from certain insects. Problem is, this new gene isn't yet approved in China, and Chinese officials didn't appreciate it when traces of the new, as-yet-unapproved GMOs started showing up in boatloads of American grain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crackdown began in November 2013. China began rejecting shiploads of corn when officials detected traces of the new gene. By February of this year, U.S. exports of corn to China had practically ceased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, some American grain exporters said that there was little to worry about. The Chinese move, they said, probably was intended to slow down imports temporarily in order to make sure that China's farmers got a decent price for their own corn harvest. As evidence, they pointed to the fact that China continued to accept imports of DDGS, which also contain traces of the unapproved gene. The U.S. sent $1.6 billion worth of DDGS to China last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, last week, China expanded the ban to DDGS, shocking many traders. The price of DDGS plunged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ngfa.org/\">National Grain and Feed Association\u003c/a>, the Chinese ban on corn and corn products may end up costing American farmers, ethanol producers and traders a total of about $3 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ngfa.org/about-ngfa/organization/ngfa-team/#mfisher\">Max Fisher\u003c/a>, director of Economics for the NGFA, who came up with that estimate, says the ban actually is hurting the Chinese, too. \"They replaced [the U.S. corn] with more expensive grains,\" he says, such as barley from Australia. But one group of American farmers is benefiting: China is importing lots more \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/10/31/231509864/heat-drought-draw-farmers-back-to-sorghum-the-camel-of-crops\">sorghum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interesting twist, American farm groups seem unsure whom to blame. Some are angry at China. Others point their finger at Syngenta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days ago, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.grains.org/\">U.S. Grains Council\u003c/a> wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.grains.org/news/20140727/letter-secretary-vilsack\">letter\u003c/a> to Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack, urging his \"immediate, direct, and personal intervention\" with Chinese officials \"to halt this current regulatory sabotage of the DDGS trade with China.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NGFA and the \u003ca href=\"http://naega.org/\">North American Export Grain Association\u003c/a>, on the other hand, have \u003ca href=\"http://www.ngfa.org/2014/01/24/ngfa-naega-issue-joint-statement-urging-syngenta-to-suspend-commercialization-of-agrisure-viptera-and-duracade-biotech-corn/\">called\u003c/a> on Syngenta to stop selling the offending corn varieties until those varieties can be sold in major export markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're being a bad actor here,\" says Max Fisher of NGFA, referring to Syngenta. \"They're making $40 million\" selling the new corn varieties, \"but it's costing U.S. farmers $1 billion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Syngenta, for its part, \u003ca href=\"http://www.syngenta-us.com/images/CornTraitCommunicationJan302014.pdf\">rejects\u003c/a> any blame for the debacle. \"We want to get technology into the hands of farmers as soon as possible,\" said the company's CEO, David Morgan, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.syngenta-us.com/Viptera_Exports/\">video\u003c/a> released on Syngenta's website. \"We can't expect growers to wait indefinitely for access to technologies, based on what foreign governments decide to do.\" According to Morgan, China has failed to make a timely decision on the new gene, which goes by the name MIR 162.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if China approved MIR 162, however, the ban might remain. That's because Syngenta began selling yet another new new type of GMO corn this year, which also is not yet approved in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Syngenta has asked farmers to take that corn to specific grain processors, who will keep it from getting into export shipments. But Fisher thinks the new gene is likely to show up in exports. \"Farmers are going to be farmers,\" he says, and sell their grain through the usual channels. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"China has been a big and growing market for U.S. corn. But then farmers started planting a kind of genetically engineered corn that's not yet approved in China, and the Chinese government struck back.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1406904379,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":745},"headData":{"title":"When China Spurns GMO Corn Imports, American Farmers Lose Billions | KQED","description":"China has been a big and growing market for U.S. corn. But then farmers started planting a kind of genetically engineered corn that's not yet approved in China, and the Chinese government struck back.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"85462 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=85462","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/08/01/when-china-spurns-gmo-corn-imports-american-farmers-lose-billions/","disqusTitle":"When China Spurns GMO Corn Imports, American Farmers Lose Billions","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"336833095","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=336833095&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/31/336833095/when-china-spurns-gmo-corn-imports-american-farmers-lose-billions?ft=3&f=336833095","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 31 Jul 2014 17:45:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 31 Jul 2014 17:45:50 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 31 Jul 2014 17:45:50 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/85462/when-china-spurns-gmo-corn-imports-american-farmers-lose-billions","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_85463\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/china-corn_slide-37951b7619deca7318f37011c78f99f79705aa0e.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/china-corn_slide-37951b7619deca7318f37011c78f99f79705aa0e.jpg\" alt=\"A corn purchaser writes on his account in northwest China in 2012. In November 2013, officials began rejecting imports of U.S. corn when they detected traces of a new gene not yet approved in China. Photo: Peng Zhaozhi/Xinhua/Landov\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-85463\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A corn purchaser writes on his account in northwest China in 2012. In November 2013, officials began rejecting imports of U.S. corn when they detected traces of a new gene not yet approved in China. Photo: Peng Zhaozhi/Xinhua/Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/31/336833095/when-china-spurns-gmo-corn-imports-american-farmers-lose-billions\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/31/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a while there, China was the American farmer's best friend. The world's most populous nation had so many pigs and chickens to feed, it became one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2014-april/china-in-the-next-decade-rising-meat-demand-and-growing-imports-of-feed.aspx#.U9qutONdV8E\">top importers\u003c/a> of U.S. corn and soybeans almost overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China also developed a big appetite for another corn-derived animal feed called \"dried distillers grains with solubles,\" or \u003ca href=\"http://www.grains.org/buyingselling/ddgs\">DDGS\u003c/a>, a byproduct of ethanol production. China's appetites for the stuff drove up global grain prices and filled Midwestern pockets with cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, though, the lovely relationship has gone sour, all because of biotechnology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of years ago, American farmers began planting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.isaaa.org/gmapprovaldatabase/event/default.asp?EventID=130\">new type\u003c/a> of genetically engineered corn invented by the seed company \u003ca href=\"http://www.syngenta.com/global/corporate/en/Pages/home.aspx\">Syngenta\u003c/a>. This GMO contains a new version of a gene that protects the corn plant from certain insects. Problem is, this new gene isn't yet approved in China, and Chinese officials didn't appreciate it when traces of the new, as-yet-unapproved GMOs started showing up in boatloads of American grain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crackdown began in November 2013. China began rejecting shiploads of corn when officials detected traces of the new gene. By February of this year, U.S. exports of corn to China had practically ceased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, some American grain exporters said that there was little to worry about. The Chinese move, they said, probably was intended to slow down imports temporarily in order to make sure that China's farmers got a decent price for their own corn harvest. As evidence, they pointed to the fact that China continued to accept imports of DDGS, which also contain traces of the unapproved gene. The U.S. sent $1.6 billion worth of DDGS to China last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, last week, China expanded the ban to DDGS, shocking many traders. The price of DDGS plunged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ngfa.org/\">National Grain and Feed Association\u003c/a>, the Chinese ban on corn and corn products may end up costing American farmers, ethanol producers and traders a total of about $3 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ngfa.org/about-ngfa/organization/ngfa-team/#mfisher\">Max Fisher\u003c/a>, director of Economics for the NGFA, who came up with that estimate, says the ban actually is hurting the Chinese, too. \"They replaced [the U.S. corn] with more expensive grains,\" he says, such as barley from Australia. But one group of American farmers is benefiting: China is importing lots more \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/10/31/231509864/heat-drought-draw-farmers-back-to-sorghum-the-camel-of-crops\">sorghum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interesting twist, American farm groups seem unsure whom to blame. Some are angry at China. Others point their finger at Syngenta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days ago, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.grains.org/\">U.S. Grains Council\u003c/a> wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.grains.org/news/20140727/letter-secretary-vilsack\">letter\u003c/a> to Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack, urging his \"immediate, direct, and personal intervention\" with Chinese officials \"to halt this current regulatory sabotage of the DDGS trade with China.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NGFA and the \u003ca href=\"http://naega.org/\">North American Export Grain Association\u003c/a>, on the other hand, have \u003ca href=\"http://www.ngfa.org/2014/01/24/ngfa-naega-issue-joint-statement-urging-syngenta-to-suspend-commercialization-of-agrisure-viptera-and-duracade-biotech-corn/\">called\u003c/a> on Syngenta to stop selling the offending corn varieties until those varieties can be sold in major export markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're being a bad actor here,\" says Max Fisher of NGFA, referring to Syngenta. \"They're making $40 million\" selling the new corn varieties, \"but it's costing U.S. farmers $1 billion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Syngenta, for its part, \u003ca href=\"http://www.syngenta-us.com/images/CornTraitCommunicationJan302014.pdf\">rejects\u003c/a> any blame for the debacle. \"We want to get technology into the hands of farmers as soon as possible,\" said the company's CEO, David Morgan, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.syngenta-us.com/Viptera_Exports/\">video\u003c/a> released on Syngenta's website. \"We can't expect growers to wait indefinitely for access to technologies, based on what foreign governments decide to do.\" According to Morgan, China has failed to make a timely decision on the new gene, which goes by the name MIR 162.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if China approved MIR 162, however, the ban might remain. That's because Syngenta began selling yet another new new type of GMO corn this year, which also is not yet approved in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Syngenta has asked farmers to take that corn to specific grain processors, who will keep it from getting into export shipments. But Fisher thinks the new gene is likely to show up in exports. \"Farmers are going to be farmers,\" he says, and sell their grain through the usual channels. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/85462/when-china-spurns-gmo-corn-imports-american-farmers-lose-billions","authors":["byline_bayareabites_85462"],"categories":["bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_272","bayareabites_515","bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_13645","bayareabites_12277","bayareabites_10787","bayareabites_13644"],"featImg":"bayareabites_85463","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_85266":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_85266","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"85266","score":null,"sort":[1406582543000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fast-food-scandal-revives-chinas-food-safety-anxieties","title":"Fast-Food Scandal Revives China's Food Safety Anxieties","publishDate":1406582543,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_85267\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1746px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/china1chicken_wide-0eb50ac6a248e9f00921ae376d276bf2c25f3915.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/china1chicken_wide-0eb50ac6a248e9f00921ae376d276bf2c25f3915.jpg\" alt=\"An "Out of Stock" sticker on a menu picture of chicken nuggets at a McDonald's store in Hong Kong on July 25, 2014. A U.S. company that supplies meat to some fast food chains in China has pulled all its products, some of which were chicken nuggets sold in Hong Kong, made by a Chinese subsidiary. Photo: Kin Cheung/AP\" width=\"1746\" height=\"980\" class=\"size-full wp-image-85267\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An \"Out of Stock\" sticker on a menu picture of chicken nuggets at a McDonald's store in Hong Kong on July 25, 2014. A U.S. company that supplies meat to some fast food chains in China has pulled all its products, some of which were chicken nuggets sold in Hong Kong, made by a Chinese subsidiary. Photo: Kin Cheung/AP\u003cbr>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/4458700/anthony-kuhn\" target=\"_blank\">Anthony Kuhn\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/28/336081302/fast-food-scandal-revives-chinas-food-safety-anxieties\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/28/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. company that supplies meat to some of the world's largest fast food chains in China has pulled all its products made by a Chinese subsidiary, after reports that it was selling expired products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The food safety scandal that erupted in China in the last week has also spread overseas, affecting chain restaurants in Japan and Hong Kong and prompted calls for tighter food safety regulation in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The privately held OSI is headquartered in Aurora, Ill., and claims 50 manufacturing facilities worldwide. Its Chinese subsidiary, Shanghai Husi Food Co., Ltd., sells beef patties, chicken nuggets and, according to its \u003ca href=\"http://husi.en.ecplaza.net\">web site\u003c/a>, cooked frozen snail meat. Its customers in China include McDonalds, KFC, Pizza Hut, Papa John's and Starbucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdVrontZXUQ\">expose\u003c/a> that aired July 20 on Shanghai television used a hidden camera to show workers picking meat off the floor and returning it to the production line and handling meat without ungloved hands. It also revealed documentation that the firm was falsifying production dates and selling expired beef and chicken to customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_85268\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2634px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/china2-e1fa0abf7f8d304d8f1880608f50dd5a72f1cf80.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/china2-e1fa0abf7f8d304d8f1880608f50dd5a72f1cf80.jpg\" alt=\"Customers eat at a McDonald's restaurant in Hong Kong Friday, July 25, 2014. McDonald's restaurants in Hong Kong have taken chicken nuggets and chicken filet burgers off the menu after a U.S.-owned supplier in mainland China was accused of selling expired meat. Photo: Kin Cheung/AP\" width=\"2634\" height=\"1977\" class=\"size-full wp-image-85268\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Customers eat at a McDonald's restaurant in Hong Kong Friday, July 25, 2014. McDonald's restaurants in Hong Kong have taken chicken nuggets and chicken filet burgers off the menu after a U.S.-owned supplier in mainland China was accused of selling expired meat. Photo: Kin Cheung/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Following the reports, McDonalds restaurants in Japan have begun to source chicken from Thailand instead of China. Hong Kong McDonalds stopped selling McNuggets and chicken fillets from Husi. And the \u003cem>Wall Street Journal\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/articles/mcdonalds-faces-shortage-of-beef-chicken-at-some-china-stores-1406521911?mod=trending_now_10\">reported\u003c/a> Monday that McDonalds outlets in Beijing and Shanghai had run out of both hamburgers and chicken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I sincerely apologize to all of our customers in China,\" OSI's CEO Sheldon Lavin said in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.osigroup.com/husiShanghai.html\">statement\u003c/a>. \"We will bear the responsibility of these missteps, and will make sure they never happen again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest scandal joins a long list of similar recent incidents in China. These include \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=94748565\">milk tainted\u003c/a> with the industrial additive melamine, \"gutter oil\" salvaged from drainage ditches and reprocessed into cooking oil, rat meat being sold as lamb and \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/chinas-toxic-harvest-growing-tainted-food-cancer-villages\">extensive soil poisoning\u003c/a> of agricultural land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, to the fury of many Chinese taxpayers, their nation's leaders are insulated from such risks, as their food \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/16/world/la-fg-china-elite-farm-20110917\">is procured\u003c/a> through \"special supply\" channels, grown on pesticide-free, organic farms, according to the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, China's government has moved quickly to address the problem, arresting five people, including the head of Husi, and shut down nearly 600 restaurants. China is currently revising its food safety laws, amid calls for stiffer penalties for lawbreakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shanghai-based food safety expert Lin Rongquan says the incident is a good opportunity to push for improved food safety management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At first, there was a lot of discussion among consumers, who were shocked that such problems could occur at this kind of company,\" he says. \"But I think consumer confidence will recover quickly, and the incident's impact will not be too great.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, a weekend meal at a Western fast food restaurant remains a commonplace and attainable symbol that a Chinese family has reached the middle class. Many Chinese consumers expect quality and hygiene standards at these chains to be a cut above their less-standardized Chinese counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics in China see the larger issue of food safety problems in the same light as pollution and industrial accidents: part of the high cost of blindly pursuing GDP growth – something China's leaders vowed to end more than a decade ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China's situation bears some resemblance to what the U.S. went through early in the last century, when shockingly unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry became a target of the progressive movement, including the 1906 novel \u003cem>The Jungle\u003c/em> by muckraking journalist and author Upton Sinclair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China's government appears to be giving state-run media limited leeway to rake some muck of their own on the food safety issue, especially when the scandals occur at foreign-owned enterprises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An American-owned company that supplies meat to fast-food chains in China has pulled all its products made by a subsidiary. An expose revealed some of the products were mishandled and had expired.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1406582543,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":745},"headData":{"title":"Fast-Food Scandal Revives China's Food Safety Anxieties | KQED","description":"An American-owned company that supplies meat to fast-food chains in China has pulled all its products made by a subsidiary. An expose revealed some of the products were mishandled and had expired.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"85266 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=85266","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/07/28/fast-food-scandal-revives-chinas-food-safety-anxieties/","disqusTitle":"Fast-Food Scandal Revives China's Food Safety Anxieties","nprByline":"Anthony Kuhn","nprStoryId":"336081302","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=336081302&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/28/336081302/fast-food-scandal-revives-chinas-food-safety-anxieties?ft=3&f=336081302","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 28 Jul 2014 14:27:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 28 Jul 2014 13:59:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 28 Jul 2014 14:27:33 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/85266/fast-food-scandal-revives-chinas-food-safety-anxieties","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_85267\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1746px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/china1chicken_wide-0eb50ac6a248e9f00921ae376d276bf2c25f3915.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/china1chicken_wide-0eb50ac6a248e9f00921ae376d276bf2c25f3915.jpg\" alt=\"An "Out of Stock" sticker on a menu picture of chicken nuggets at a McDonald's store in Hong Kong on July 25, 2014. A U.S. company that supplies meat to some fast food chains in China has pulled all its products, some of which were chicken nuggets sold in Hong Kong, made by a Chinese subsidiary. Photo: Kin Cheung/AP\" width=\"1746\" height=\"980\" class=\"size-full wp-image-85267\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An \"Out of Stock\" sticker on a menu picture of chicken nuggets at a McDonald's store in Hong Kong on July 25, 2014. A U.S. company that supplies meat to some fast food chains in China has pulled all its products, some of which were chicken nuggets sold in Hong Kong, made by a Chinese subsidiary. Photo: Kin Cheung/AP\u003cbr>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/4458700/anthony-kuhn\" target=\"_blank\">Anthony Kuhn\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/28/336081302/fast-food-scandal-revives-chinas-food-safety-anxieties\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/28/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. company that supplies meat to some of the world's largest fast food chains in China has pulled all its products made by a Chinese subsidiary, after reports that it was selling expired products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The food safety scandal that erupted in China in the last week has also spread overseas, affecting chain restaurants in Japan and Hong Kong and prompted calls for tighter food safety regulation in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The privately held OSI is headquartered in Aurora, Ill., and claims 50 manufacturing facilities worldwide. Its Chinese subsidiary, Shanghai Husi Food Co., Ltd., sells beef patties, chicken nuggets and, according to its \u003ca href=\"http://husi.en.ecplaza.net\">web site\u003c/a>, cooked frozen snail meat. Its customers in China include McDonalds, KFC, Pizza Hut, Papa John's and Starbucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdVrontZXUQ\">expose\u003c/a> that aired July 20 on Shanghai television used a hidden camera to show workers picking meat off the floor and returning it to the production line and handling meat without ungloved hands. It also revealed documentation that the firm was falsifying production dates and selling expired beef and chicken to customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_85268\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2634px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/china2-e1fa0abf7f8d304d8f1880608f50dd5a72f1cf80.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/china2-e1fa0abf7f8d304d8f1880608f50dd5a72f1cf80.jpg\" alt=\"Customers eat at a McDonald's restaurant in Hong Kong Friday, July 25, 2014. McDonald's restaurants in Hong Kong have taken chicken nuggets and chicken filet burgers off the menu after a U.S.-owned supplier in mainland China was accused of selling expired meat. Photo: Kin Cheung/AP\" width=\"2634\" height=\"1977\" class=\"size-full wp-image-85268\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Customers eat at a McDonald's restaurant in Hong Kong Friday, July 25, 2014. McDonald's restaurants in Hong Kong have taken chicken nuggets and chicken filet burgers off the menu after a U.S.-owned supplier in mainland China was accused of selling expired meat. Photo: Kin Cheung/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Following the reports, McDonalds restaurants in Japan have begun to source chicken from Thailand instead of China. Hong Kong McDonalds stopped selling McNuggets and chicken fillets from Husi. And the \u003cem>Wall Street Journal\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/articles/mcdonalds-faces-shortage-of-beef-chicken-at-some-china-stores-1406521911?mod=trending_now_10\">reported\u003c/a> Monday that McDonalds outlets in Beijing and Shanghai had run out of both hamburgers and chicken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I sincerely apologize to all of our customers in China,\" OSI's CEO Sheldon Lavin said in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.osigroup.com/husiShanghai.html\">statement\u003c/a>. \"We will bear the responsibility of these missteps, and will make sure they never happen again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest scandal joins a long list of similar recent incidents in China. These include \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=94748565\">milk tainted\u003c/a> with the industrial additive melamine, \"gutter oil\" salvaged from drainage ditches and reprocessed into cooking oil, rat meat being sold as lamb and \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/chinas-toxic-harvest-growing-tainted-food-cancer-villages\">extensive soil poisoning\u003c/a> of agricultural land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, to the fury of many Chinese taxpayers, their nation's leaders are insulated from such risks, as their food \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/16/world/la-fg-china-elite-farm-20110917\">is procured\u003c/a> through \"special supply\" channels, grown on pesticide-free, organic farms, according to the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, China's government has moved quickly to address the problem, arresting five people, including the head of Husi, and shut down nearly 600 restaurants. China is currently revising its food safety laws, amid calls for stiffer penalties for lawbreakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shanghai-based food safety expert Lin Rongquan says the incident is a good opportunity to push for improved food safety management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At first, there was a lot of discussion among consumers, who were shocked that such problems could occur at this kind of company,\" he says. \"But I think consumer confidence will recover quickly, and the incident's impact will not be too great.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, a weekend meal at a Western fast food restaurant remains a commonplace and attainable symbol that a Chinese family has reached the middle class. Many Chinese consumers expect quality and hygiene standards at these chains to be a cut above their less-standardized Chinese counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics in China see the larger issue of food safety problems in the same light as pollution and industrial accidents: part of the high cost of blindly pursuing GDP growth – something China's leaders vowed to end more than a decade ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China's situation bears some resemblance to what the U.S. went through early in the last century, when shockingly unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry became a target of the progressive movement, including the 1906 novel \u003cem>The Jungle\u003c/em> by muckraking journalist and author Upton Sinclair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China's government appears to be giving state-run media limited leeway to rake some muck of their own on the food safety issue, especially when the scandals occur at foreign-owned enterprises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/85266/fast-food-scandal-revives-chinas-food-safety-anxieties","authors":["byline_bayareabites_85266"],"categories":["bayareabites_2998","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_181"],"tags":["bayareabites_272","bayareabites_1435","bayareabites_1412","bayareabites_243","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_85267","label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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