For California, Last Year's West Nile Season Was Worst Ever
Dead Bird in Contra Costa County Tests Positive for West Nile Virus
Drought May Be Driving Increase in West Nile
West Nile Virus Infections in California at All-Time High (Map of Cases by County)
West Nile Virus Making Its Summer Trek Across California
Why Mosquitoes Love Us and How We Can Fight Back
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She is a classically trained violinist and proud alum of the first symphony orchestra at Burning Man.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef92999be4ceb9ea60701e7dc276f813?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"adembosky","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["author"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"April Dembosky | KQED","description":"KQED Health Correspondent","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef92999be4ceb9ea60701e7dc276f813?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef92999be4ceb9ea60701e7dc276f813?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/adembosky"},"state-of-health":{"type":"authors","id":"8344","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"8344","found":true},"name":"State of Health","firstName":"State of 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KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/66de4bf6d331fa7402bba1ffe8135e17?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/66de4bf6d331fa7402bba1ffe8135e17?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/state-of-health"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal 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FM","link":"/"}},"stateofhealth_72800":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_72800","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"72800","score":null,"sort":[1441388297000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"for-california-last-years-west-nile-season-was-worst-ever","title":"For California, Last Year's West Nile Season Was Worst Ever","publishDate":1441388297,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>West Nile virus hit California harder than ever last year, with a record 561 cases of neuroinvasive disease -- the most serious types of the illness -- reported from the mosquito-borne virus, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6434a1.htm?s_cid=mm6434a1_e\" target=\"_blank\">federal health data\u003c/a> released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of these serious \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/data/3-west-nile-virus-cases-reported-to-cdc-by-state_1999-2014_06082015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California cases\u003c/a> was 83 percent higher than the previous record number reported in the state in 2005, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those cases — 70 percent — were reported from Los Angeles and Orange counties, which recorded 15 West Nile deaths last year. Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/data/wnv-disease-cases-and-pvds-by-state-2014_06052015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">31 people died\u003c/a> of West Nile disease in the state in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"related\">\u003cfigcaption>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Py7dpEJu9iLPmYbglCz7y5U5zVy0PH9U\"]The West Nile virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes can become infected when they feed on birds carrying the virus. Most people infected will have no symptoms, but about one in five will develop a fever with other symptoms. Even fewer people will develop the serious neuroinvasive disease tracked by the CDC, including West Nile-caused meningitis and encephalitis, but most of them will require hospitalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts say there’s no single explanation for why some West Nile virus seasons are more severe than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s drought, last year’s particularly warm summer temperatures, and changes in bird and mosquito populations all played a role in making the 2014 West Nile virus season one of the state’s worst, said Dr. Rachel Civen, medical epidemiologist in charge of vector-borne diseases for the Los Angeles County Public Health Department. The drought reduces water available for birds and mosquitoes, which then crowd together among remaining water sources, spreading the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civen noted that while the new CDC data focus on neuroinvasive cases, local public health agencies, including hers, report all West Nile virus infections, including people without symptoms whose infection is detected when they donate blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that respect, “we’re actually seeing a lot fewer cases” this year, Civen said. This week, Los Angeles County will report 10 infections, six of which were detected in asymptomatic blood donors. Last year in the same week, 49 infections were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">83 human cases\u003c/a> of West Nile virus have been reported this year, according to the California Department of Public Health. Two people, from San Bernardino and Nevada counties, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/preliminarymapsdata/histatedate.html\" target=\"_blank\">have died\u003c/a> from the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"7ZNnOH0LWnNIg6kjnLrZYtYgegGmsUKP\"]In Orange County, which had California’s highest number of infections in 2014, environmental health officials next week will start a large-scale aerial spraying campaign to control mosquitos. This will be the first aerial spraying campaign for the county, which in the past instead has “fogged” smaller areas with insecticide. The spraying campaign on Sept. 9 and 10 will cover the cities of Orange, Tustin and Villa Park, and parts of Anaheim, Fountain Valley, Garden Grove, Santa Ana and Stanton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of last week, five people in Orange County had been infected with West Nile virus, according to the county’s public health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile virus emerged in the United States in 1999 and was first reported in California in 2002. By 2004, the virus was reported in all of the state’s 58 counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"More than 500 people suffered most severe type of West Nile disease, and 31 died. The ongoing drought is a factor.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1441409853,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":590},"headData":{"title":"For California, Last Year's West Nile Season Was Worst Ever | KQED","description":"More than 500 people suffered most severe type of West Nile disease, and 31 died. The ongoing drought is a factor.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"For California, Last Year's West Nile Season Was Worst Ever","datePublished":"2015-09-04T17:38:17.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-04T23:37:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"72800 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=72800","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/09/04/for-california-last-years-west-nile-season-was-worst-ever/","disqusTitle":"For California, Last Year's West Nile Season Was Worst Ever","nprByline":"Barbara Feder Ostrov","path":"/stateofhealth/72800/for-california-last-years-west-nile-season-was-worst-ever","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>West Nile virus hit California harder than ever last year, with a record 561 cases of neuroinvasive disease -- the most serious types of the illness -- reported from the mosquito-borne virus, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6434a1.htm?s_cid=mm6434a1_e\" target=\"_blank\">federal health data\u003c/a> released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of these serious \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/data/3-west-nile-virus-cases-reported-to-cdc-by-state_1999-2014_06082015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California cases\u003c/a> was 83 percent higher than the previous record number reported in the state in 2005, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those cases — 70 percent — were reported from Los Angeles and Orange counties, which recorded 15 West Nile deaths last year. Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/data/wnv-disease-cases-and-pvds-by-state-2014_06052015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">31 people died\u003c/a> of West Nile disease in the state in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"related\">\u003cfigcaption>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The West Nile virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes can become infected when they feed on birds carrying the virus. Most people infected will have no symptoms, but about one in five will develop a fever with other symptoms. Even fewer people will develop the serious neuroinvasive disease tracked by the CDC, including West Nile-caused meningitis and encephalitis, but most of them will require hospitalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts say there’s no single explanation for why some West Nile virus seasons are more severe than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s drought, last year’s particularly warm summer temperatures, and changes in bird and mosquito populations all played a role in making the 2014 West Nile virus season one of the state’s worst, said Dr. Rachel Civen, medical epidemiologist in charge of vector-borne diseases for the Los Angeles County Public Health Department. The drought reduces water available for birds and mosquitoes, which then crowd together among remaining water sources, spreading the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civen noted that while the new CDC data focus on neuroinvasive cases, local public health agencies, including hers, report all West Nile virus infections, including people without symptoms whose infection is detected when they donate blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that respect, “we’re actually seeing a lot fewer cases” this year, Civen said. This week, Los Angeles County will report 10 infections, six of which were detected in asymptomatic blood donors. Last year in the same week, 49 infections were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">83 human cases\u003c/a> of West Nile virus have been reported this year, according to the California Department of Public Health. Two people, from San Bernardino and Nevada counties, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/preliminarymapsdata/histatedate.html\" target=\"_blank\">have died\u003c/a> from the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In Orange County, which had California’s highest number of infections in 2014, environmental health officials next week will start a large-scale aerial spraying campaign to control mosquitos. This will be the first aerial spraying campaign for the county, which in the past instead has “fogged” smaller areas with insecticide. The spraying campaign on Sept. 9 and 10 will cover the cities of Orange, Tustin and Villa Park, and parts of Anaheim, Fountain Valley, Garden Grove, Santa Ana and Stanton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of last week, five people in Orange County had been infected with West Nile virus, according to the county’s public health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile virus emerged in the United States in 1999 and was first reported in California in 2002. By 2004, the virus was reported in all of the state’s 58 counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/72800/for-california-last-years-west-nile-season-was-worst-ever","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_72800"],"categories":["stateofhealth_12"],"tags":["stateofhealth_461","stateofhealth_564"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_72823","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_61269":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_61269","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"61269","score":null,"sort":[1439496380000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dead-bird-in-contra-costa-county-tests-positive-for-west-nile-virus","title":"Dead Bird in Contra Costa County Tests Positive for West Nile Virus","publishDate":1439496380,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>A dead bird found in Pleasant Hill has tested positive for West Nile virus, Contra Costa Mosquito and Vector Control District officials announced Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A resident spotted the dead bird near the corner of Chilpancingo Parkway and Camelback Road, district officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds carry the virus and pass it on to mosquitoes when the mosquito bites them. Mosquitoes can then pass on the virus to humans through a mosquito bite, according to district officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are thankful that a resident reported the bird, which gives us the opportunity to understand where virus activity may be taking place in the county,\" district spokeswoman Deborah Bass said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal is always to treat mosquitoes in their larvae form, in the water, before they have a chance to become flying adults, get the disease from birds, and then infect people. Reports such as these help us toward that goal,\" Bass said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far this year, two groups of mosquitoes, three birds and six chickens have tested positive for the virus in the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2004, 54 people in Contra Costa County have been diagnosed with West Nile virus. In 2006, two people died from the disease, according to the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to prevent mosquitoes from breeding is to dump or drain any standing water. Additionally, neglected pools, filled with algae and bacteria, can produce more than 1 million mosquitoes and affect people up to five miles away, according to district officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To report a neglected pool or a mosquito problem, residents can call the district at (925) 771-6195. To report dead birds, residents can call the state hotline at (877) 968-2473.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Since 2004, 54 people in Contra Costa County have been diagnosed with West Nile virus.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1439496380,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":276},"headData":{"title":"Dead Bird in Contra Costa County Tests Positive for West Nile Virus | KQED","description":"Since 2004, 54 people in Contra Costa County have been diagnosed with West Nile virus.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Dead Bird in Contra Costa County Tests Positive for West Nile Virus","datePublished":"2015-08-13T20:06:20.000Z","dateModified":"2015-08-13T20:06:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"61269 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=61269","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/08/13/dead-bird-in-contra-costa-county-tests-positive-for-west-nile-virus/","disqusTitle":"Dead Bird in Contra Costa County Tests Positive for West Nile Virus","nprByline":"Bay City News","path":"/stateofhealth/61269/dead-bird-in-contra-costa-county-tests-positive-for-west-nile-virus","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A dead bird found in Pleasant Hill has tested positive for West Nile virus, Contra Costa Mosquito and Vector Control District officials announced Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A resident spotted the dead bird near the corner of Chilpancingo Parkway and Camelback Road, district officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds carry the virus and pass it on to mosquitoes when the mosquito bites them. Mosquitoes can then pass on the virus to humans through a mosquito bite, according to district officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are thankful that a resident reported the bird, which gives us the opportunity to understand where virus activity may be taking place in the county,\" district spokeswoman Deborah Bass said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal is always to treat mosquitoes in their larvae form, in the water, before they have a chance to become flying adults, get the disease from birds, and then infect people. Reports such as these help us toward that goal,\" Bass said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far this year, two groups of mosquitoes, three birds and six chickens have tested positive for the virus in the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2004, 54 people in Contra Costa County have been diagnosed with West Nile virus. In 2006, two people died from the disease, according to the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to prevent mosquitoes from breeding is to dump or drain any standing water. Additionally, neglected pools, filled with algae and bacteria, can produce more than 1 million mosquitoes and affect people up to five miles away, according to district officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To report a neglected pool or a mosquito problem, residents can call the district at (925) 771-6195. To report dead birds, residents can call the state hotline at (877) 968-2473.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/61269/dead-bird-in-contra-costa-county-tests-positive-for-west-nile-virus","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_61269"],"categories":["stateofhealth_11"],"tags":["stateofhealth_564"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_61272","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_21669":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_21669","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"21669","score":null,"sort":[1411362384000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"drought-may-be-linked-to-increase-in-west-nile","title":"Drought May Be Driving Increase in West Nile ","publishDate":1411362384,"format":"aside","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21670\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/RS8413_reservoir-full-lpr-e1411165193389.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-21670 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/RS8413_reservoir-full-lpr-640x401.jpg\" alt=\"A security guard walks the perimeter of the Almaden Reservoir on January 28, 2014 in San Jose, California. Now in its third straight year of drought conditions, California is experiencing its driest year on record, dating back 119 years, and reservoirs throughout the state have low water levels. Santa Clara County reservoirs are at 3 percent of capacity or lower. California Gov. Jerry Brown officially declared a drought emergency to speed up assistance to local governments, streamline water transfers and potentially ease environmental protection requirements for dam releases. (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images) \" width=\"640\" height=\"401\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A security guard walks the perimeter of the Almaden Reservoir in San Jose. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Public health experts say the state’s historic drought is partly to blame for the recent rise in West Nile virus infections. \u003ca title=\"California's West Nile Virus page\" href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Cases this year\u003c/a> have more than doubled to 311, compared to the same time last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile virus is spread by mosquitoes. They contract the virus when they feed on infected birds, then spread it to other birds they bite next. A shortage of water can accelerate this cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we have less water, birds and mosquitoes are seeking out the same water sources, and therefore are more likely to come in to closer proximity to one another, thus amplifying the virus,” said Vicki Kramer, chief of vector-borne diseases at the state department of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the water sources that do exist are more likely to stagnate. Stagnant water creates an excellent habitat for mosquitoes to breed.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes more mosquitoes and it makes them faster,” said Roger Nasci, chief of arboviral diseases branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High temperatures contribute, as well, and can be especially bad when it doesn’t cool down at night. That’s been the case in Orange County this year. It has the highest number of West Nile cases in humans this year – 116.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local officials have been waiting for the right weather conditions to spray pesticides to kill mosquitoes and have been surveying the region by plane for backyard pools and birdbaths that have stagnated. High foreclosure rates in the region led to an increase in abandoned pools in recent years, and continue to be a factor in the current elevated rates of West Nile, Kramer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While case numbers are high in Orange and Los Angeles, some counties in Northern California have a higher concentration of cases. Glenn County, north of Sacramento, has the highest incidence of West Nile at 35 cases per 100,000 people. Orange County's incidence is just four per 100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a broader type of habitat available for mosquitoes in the Sacramento Valley compared to Bay Area counties, for instance,” Kramer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This broader habitat draws two types of mosquitoes to the region: rural mosquitoes that breed in the rice fields and urban mosquitoes in surrounding towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So those two mosquitoes working together will further amplify the virus,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of people infected with West Nile virus show no symptoms. Twenty percent get flu-like aches and fever, and only 1.5 percent develop the \u003ca title=\"West Nile Virus Making the Rounds in California\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/07/31/west-nile-virus-making-its-summer-trek-across-california/\" target=\"_blank\">most severe neuroinvasive form\u003c/a> of the disease. Ten percent of those who get very sick, die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far this year, 12 people in California have died, mainly the elderly and people with underlying conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure. In total, California has the most reported cases of West Nile in the country – 311 cases as of last Wednesday, September 17. Texas is second with 98 cases and Louisiana is third with 78, according to CDC data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Nasci warned that the season for West Nile has yet to peak. Temperatures and infection rates are still rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a substantial period of the year left,” he said. “How long that risk persists will depend on how many more mosquitoes are produced, how much longer they’re going to live, how many birds are susceptible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials recommend \u003ca title=\"http://westnile.ca.gov/news.php?id=128\" href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov/news.php?id=128\" target=\"_blank\">individuals protect themselves\u003c/a> from infection by wearing long sleeves and long pants, and using insect repellent.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Birds and mosquitoes are sharing limited water supplies, amplifying the virus and its spread to people.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1411308918,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":608},"headData":{"title":"Drought May Be Driving Increase in West Nile | KQED","description":"Birds and mosquitoes are sharing limited water supplies, amplifying the virus and its spread to people.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Drought May Be Driving Increase in West Nile ","datePublished":"2014-09-22T05:06:24.000Z","dateModified":"2014-09-21T14:15:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"21669 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=21669","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/21/drought-may-be-linked-to-increase-in-west-nile/","disqusTitle":"Drought May Be Driving Increase in West Nile ","path":"/stateofhealth/21669/drought-may-be-linked-to-increase-in-west-nile","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21670\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/RS8413_reservoir-full-lpr-e1411165193389.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-21670 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/RS8413_reservoir-full-lpr-640x401.jpg\" alt=\"A security guard walks the perimeter of the Almaden Reservoir on January 28, 2014 in San Jose, California. Now in its third straight year of drought conditions, California is experiencing its driest year on record, dating back 119 years, and reservoirs throughout the state have low water levels. Santa Clara County reservoirs are at 3 percent of capacity or lower. California Gov. Jerry Brown officially declared a drought emergency to speed up assistance to local governments, streamline water transfers and potentially ease environmental protection requirements for dam releases. (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images) \" width=\"640\" height=\"401\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A security guard walks the perimeter of the Almaden Reservoir in San Jose. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Public health experts say the state’s historic drought is partly to blame for the recent rise in West Nile virus infections. \u003ca title=\"California's West Nile Virus page\" href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Cases this year\u003c/a> have more than doubled to 311, compared to the same time last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile virus is spread by mosquitoes. They contract the virus when they feed on infected birds, then spread it to other birds they bite next. A shortage of water can accelerate this cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we have less water, birds and mosquitoes are seeking out the same water sources, and therefore are more likely to come in to closer proximity to one another, thus amplifying the virus,” said Vicki Kramer, chief of vector-borne diseases at the state department of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the water sources that do exist are more likely to stagnate. Stagnant water creates an excellent habitat for mosquitoes to breed.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes more mosquitoes and it makes them faster,” said Roger Nasci, chief of arboviral diseases branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High temperatures contribute, as well, and can be especially bad when it doesn’t cool down at night. That’s been the case in Orange County this year. It has the highest number of West Nile cases in humans this year – 116.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local officials have been waiting for the right weather conditions to spray pesticides to kill mosquitoes and have been surveying the region by plane for backyard pools and birdbaths that have stagnated. High foreclosure rates in the region led to an increase in abandoned pools in recent years, and continue to be a factor in the current elevated rates of West Nile, Kramer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While case numbers are high in Orange and Los Angeles, some counties in Northern California have a higher concentration of cases. Glenn County, north of Sacramento, has the highest incidence of West Nile at 35 cases per 100,000 people. Orange County's incidence is just four per 100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a broader type of habitat available for mosquitoes in the Sacramento Valley compared to Bay Area counties, for instance,” Kramer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This broader habitat draws two types of mosquitoes to the region: rural mosquitoes that breed in the rice fields and urban mosquitoes in surrounding towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So those two mosquitoes working together will further amplify the virus,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of people infected with West Nile virus show no symptoms. Twenty percent get flu-like aches and fever, and only 1.5 percent develop the \u003ca title=\"West Nile Virus Making the Rounds in California\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/07/31/west-nile-virus-making-its-summer-trek-across-california/\" target=\"_blank\">most severe neuroinvasive form\u003c/a> of the disease. Ten percent of those who get very sick, die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far this year, 12 people in California have died, mainly the elderly and people with underlying conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure. In total, California has the most reported cases of West Nile in the country – 311 cases as of last Wednesday, September 17. Texas is second with 98 cases and Louisiana is third with 78, according to CDC data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Nasci warned that the season for West Nile has yet to peak. Temperatures and infection rates are still rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a substantial period of the year left,” he said. “How long that risk persists will depend on how many more mosquitoes are produced, how much longer they’re going to live, how many birds are susceptible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials recommend \u003ca title=\"http://westnile.ca.gov/news.php?id=128\" href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov/news.php?id=128\" target=\"_blank\">individuals protect themselves\u003c/a> from infection by wearing long sleeves and long pants, and using insect repellent.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/21669/drought-may-be-linked-to-increase-in-west-nile","authors":["3205"],"categories":["stateofhealth_11"],"tags":["stateofhealth_461","stateofhealth_564"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_21670","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_21161":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_21161","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"21161","score":null,"sort":[1409848123000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"west-nile-virus-infections-in-california-at-all-time-high-view-map-of-cases-by-county","title":"West Nile Virus Infections in California at All-Time High (Map of Cases by County)","publishDate":1409848123,"format":"aside","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-21170 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus.jpg\" alt=\"westnilevirus\" width=\"620\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus.jpg 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">West Nile virus is hosted primarily by birds — and spread by mosquitos. (Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>West Nile Virus infections in mosquitoes are at their highest recorded level ever in California. Last week, 52 new human cases were reported, bringing the total to 181.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight people have died from the illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're out there at a time of day when the mosquitoes are out -- particularly at dawn and dusk -- the risk of being bitten with an infected mosquito is higher than it's been in the past,\" said James Watt of the California Department of Public Health. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Wear insect repellent and get rid of standing water.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> The department recommends precautions like wearing insect repellent and getting rid of standing water where mosquitoes can breed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More from a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/07/31/west-nile-virus-making-its-summer-trek-across-california/\" target=\"_blank\">State of Health post\u003c/a> by Brittany Patterson, whose 80-year-old grandmother contracted the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>West Nile virus is a neurotropic arbovirus, meaning that it is a virus spread by blood-feeding insects. In some cases the virus can infect the brain. West Nile is hosted in birds and some other small mammals and spread by mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was first discovered in 1937 in the West Nile District of Uganda and the disease has long plagued other parts of the world. Here in the United States, West Nile’s tenure has been more recent. The first confirmed cases began showing up in New York in 1999. Quickly, the disease began to spread and by 2004, it had been found in every state in the landlocked U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its appearance in California in 2003, 4007 people across the state have contracted the disease, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\">145 have died,\u003c/a> according to numbers from the California Department of Public Health. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people who contract West Nile won’t know that they did. Typically it takes between two and 15 days from being bitten by an infected mosquito and contracting the virus to see symptoms. Of those who are infected with West Nile, only about one in 5 persons will show symptoms, which include include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain and rash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fewer than one percent of those who do get West Nile will develop the neuroinvasive form of the disease, in which a patient will contract a serious neurological illness such as encephalitis or meningitis. People age 50 and older have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/news.php?id=125\" target=\"_blank\">higher chance of getting sick \u003c/a>and are more likely to develop complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those who do contract the neuroinvasive variant of West Nile, about 10 percent die — \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/genQuestions.html\" target=\"_blank\">usually the elderly and the very young\u003c/a>, according to the Centers for Disease Control..\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can view a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/2014_county_map1.pdf\">\u003cb>map of cases by California county\u003c/b>\u003c/a> at the state's \u003ca href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov/\">West Nile Virus website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orange County leads the state in reported cases, with 61, followed by Los Angeles County with 24 and Fresno County with 23.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Fifty two new infections were reported last week, bringing the total to 181.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1409860209,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":475},"headData":{"title":"West Nile Virus Infections in California at All-Time High (Map of Cases by County) | KQED","description":"Fifty two new infections were reported last week, bringing the total to 181.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"West Nile Virus Infections in California at All-Time High (Map of Cases by County)","datePublished":"2014-09-04T16:28:43.000Z","dateModified":"2014-09-04T19:50:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"21161 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=21161","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/04/west-nile-virus-infections-in-california-at-all-time-high-view-map-of-cases-by-county/","disqusTitle":"West Nile Virus Infections in California at All-Time High (Map of Cases by County)","path":"/stateofhealth/21161/west-nile-virus-infections-in-california-at-all-time-high-view-map-of-cases-by-county","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-21170 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus.jpg\" alt=\"westnilevirus\" width=\"620\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus.jpg 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/westnilevirus-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">West Nile virus is hosted primarily by birds — and spread by mosquitos. (Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>West Nile Virus infections in mosquitoes are at their highest recorded level ever in California. Last week, 52 new human cases were reported, bringing the total to 181.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight people have died from the illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're out there at a time of day when the mosquitoes are out -- particularly at dawn and dusk -- the risk of being bitten with an infected mosquito is higher than it's been in the past,\" said James Watt of the California Department of Public Health. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Wear insect repellent and get rid of standing water.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> The department recommends precautions like wearing insect repellent and getting rid of standing water where mosquitoes can breed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More from a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/07/31/west-nile-virus-making-its-summer-trek-across-california/\" target=\"_blank\">State of Health post\u003c/a> by Brittany Patterson, whose 80-year-old grandmother contracted the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>West Nile virus is a neurotropic arbovirus, meaning that it is a virus spread by blood-feeding insects. In some cases the virus can infect the brain. West Nile is hosted in birds and some other small mammals and spread by mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was first discovered in 1937 in the West Nile District of Uganda and the disease has long plagued other parts of the world. Here in the United States, West Nile’s tenure has been more recent. The first confirmed cases began showing up in New York in 1999. Quickly, the disease began to spread and by 2004, it had been found in every state in the landlocked U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its appearance in California in 2003, 4007 people across the state have contracted the disease, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\">145 have died,\u003c/a> according to numbers from the California Department of Public Health. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people who contract West Nile won’t know that they did. Typically it takes between two and 15 days from being bitten by an infected mosquito and contracting the virus to see symptoms. Of those who are infected with West Nile, only about one in 5 persons will show symptoms, which include include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain and rash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fewer than one percent of those who do get West Nile will develop the neuroinvasive form of the disease, in which a patient will contract a serious neurological illness such as encephalitis or meningitis. People age 50 and older have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/news.php?id=125\" target=\"_blank\">higher chance of getting sick \u003c/a>and are more likely to develop complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those who do contract the neuroinvasive variant of West Nile, about 10 percent die — \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/genQuestions.html\" target=\"_blank\">usually the elderly and the very young\u003c/a>, according to the Centers for Disease Control..\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can view a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/2014_county_map1.pdf\">\u003cb>map of cases by California county\u003c/b>\u003c/a> at the state's \u003ca href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov/\">West Nile Virus website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orange County leads the state in reported cases, with 61, followed by Los Angeles County with 24 and Fresno County with 23.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/21161/west-nile-virus-infections-in-california-at-all-time-high-view-map-of-cases-by-county","authors":["237"],"categories":["stateofhealth_12"],"tags":["stateofhealth_461","stateofhealth_564"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_21170","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_20431":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_20431","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"20431","score":null,"sort":[1406821540000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"west-nile-virus-making-its-summer-trek-across-california","title":"West Nile Virus Making Its Summer Trek Across California","publishDate":1406821540,"format":"aside","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/96977928-e1374863072693.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13885\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/96977928-620x415.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"415\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">West Nile virus is hosted primarily by birds -- and spread by mosquitos. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Brittany Patterson\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year ago this month, my 80-year-old grandmother, an active and healthy woman, began feeling feverish, lethargic and complained of a headache. A trip to the emergency room after days of suffering from a persistent fever yielded nothing, and the doctors sent her home with some Tylenol and an order to rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that night, my grandfather awoke to anguished screams from my grandmother. He rushed to call 911 and as he waited for the ambulance to arrive he watched in agony as my grandmother cried and babbled incoherently on the floor next to their bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My grandmother was hospitalized for 32 days. For the first 20 or so the doctors couldn’t deduce the cause of her mysterious symptoms. Finally, after rounds of tests and antibiotics and scans, we had our diagnosis: West Nile virus.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile virus is a neurotropic arbovirus, meaning that it is a virus spread by blood-feeding insects. In some cases the virus can infect the brain. West Nile is hosted in birds and some other small mammals and spread by mosquitos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was first discovered in 1937 in the West Nile District of Uganda and the disease has long plagued other parts of the world. Here in the United States, West Nile’s tenure has been more recent. The first confirmed cases began showing up in New York in 1999. Quickly, the disease began to spread and by 2004, it had been found in every state in the landlocked U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its appearance in California in 2003, 4007 people across the state have contracted the disease and \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\">145 have died,\u003c/a> according to numbers from the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As summer rolls around in California, with it comes the West Nile virus infection season. So far this year, the California Department of Public Health is reporting 19 confirmed cases of West Nile virus. The first case of the season originated in Contra Costa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to predict a West Nile outbreak or how bad a season will be. Dr. Gil Chavez, deputy director of the California Department of Public Health says that many factors influence the level of West Nile virus activity, including temperature, rainfall, and the number and types of mosquitoes and birds in an area. He adds, that in addition, if an area has not experienced a lot of virus activity in several years, then more birds will be susceptible to infection, which in turn will increase the amount of virus-carrying birds for mosquitoes to feed on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this time last year, California was reporting just one confirmed case of the disease, but Chavez says it’s hard to say what the rest of the season might have in store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although more mosquitoes and dead birds have tested positive for West Nile virus this year than last year to date, it is not possible to predict the extent of West Nile virus activity for 2014,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people who contract West Nile, won’t know that they did. Typically it takes between 2 and 15 days from being bitten by an infected mosquito and contracting the virus to see symptoms. Of those who are infected with West Nile, only about 1 in 5 persons will show symptoms, which include include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, and rash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fewer than one percent of those who do get West Nile will develop the neuroinvasive form of the disease, in which a patient will contract a serious neurological illness such as encephalitis or meningitis. People age 50 and older have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/news.php?id=125\" target=\"_blank\">higher chance of getting sick \u003c/a>and are more likely to develop complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those who do contract the neuroinvasive variant of West Nile, about 10 percent die — \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/genQuestions.html\" target=\"_blank\">usually the elderly and the very young\u003c/a>, according to the Centers for Disease Control..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile-induced meningitis helped explain my grandmother’s delusions and confusion. Sometimes she was barely responsive and very weak. She could recognize her family, and later, as she regained some of her strength, could launch into a story from her college day. But more often than not, she seemed lost in space and couldn’t grasp that she was in the hospital fighting off this virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After fighting West Nile both in the hospital and at a rehabilitation facility, last September my grandmother suffered a massive stroke and passed away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect my grandfather says he should have guessed it was West Nile earlier. Earlier in the week that my grandmother had fallen ill, my grandfather had found both a dead bird and a dead squirrel on their 20-acre ranch in Northern California. Since birds carry West Nile virus, finding dead birds are a clue to the spread of the disease. California's Department of Public Health encourages people to report all dead birds they find. To help track the spread of the disease, Californians are encouraged to report all dead birds by \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/report_wnv.php\" target=\"_blank\">filling out an online form\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if my grandfather had alerted doctors of his suspicions, there would have been nothing for them to do. There is no human vaccine or treatment for West Nile. \u003ca href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov/prevention.htm\" target=\"_blank\">The only real steps are prevention\u003c/a>: use insect repellent containing DEET, avoid being outdoors at dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active, check your property and eliminate or drain sources of standing water including buckets, birdbaths and pet bowls. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/NeglectedSwimmingPoolsandWNV2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Neglected swimming pools \u003c/a>also pose a risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to whether the West Nile infection was the cause of my grandmother’s stroke, two of her doctors gave my family a strong yes and two said absolutely not. One thing is for sure: For my family one bite from a mosquito changed everything.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"So far, infections in people have been reported in eight California counties. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1406920975,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":977},"headData":{"title":"West Nile Virus Making Its Summer Trek Across California | KQED","description":"So far, infections in people have been reported in eight California counties. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"West Nile Virus Making Its Summer Trek Across California","datePublished":"2014-07-31T15:45:40.000Z","dateModified":"2014-08-01T19:22:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"20431 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=20431","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/07/31/west-nile-virus-making-its-summer-trek-across-california/","disqusTitle":"West Nile Virus Making Its Summer Trek Across California","path":"/stateofhealth/20431/west-nile-virus-making-its-summer-trek-across-california","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/96977928-e1374863072693.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13885\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/96977928-620x415.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"415\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">West Nile virus is hosted primarily by birds -- and spread by mosquitos. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Brittany Patterson\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year ago this month, my 80-year-old grandmother, an active and healthy woman, began feeling feverish, lethargic and complained of a headache. A trip to the emergency room after days of suffering from a persistent fever yielded nothing, and the doctors sent her home with some Tylenol and an order to rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that night, my grandfather awoke to anguished screams from my grandmother. He rushed to call 911 and as he waited for the ambulance to arrive he watched in agony as my grandmother cried and babbled incoherently on the floor next to their bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My grandmother was hospitalized for 32 days. For the first 20 or so the doctors couldn’t deduce the cause of her mysterious symptoms. Finally, after rounds of tests and antibiotics and scans, we had our diagnosis: West Nile virus.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile virus is a neurotropic arbovirus, meaning that it is a virus spread by blood-feeding insects. In some cases the virus can infect the brain. West Nile is hosted in birds and some other small mammals and spread by mosquitos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was first discovered in 1937 in the West Nile District of Uganda and the disease has long plagued other parts of the world. Here in the United States, West Nile’s tenure has been more recent. The first confirmed cases began showing up in New York in 1999. Quickly, the disease began to spread and by 2004, it had been found in every state in the landlocked U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its appearance in California in 2003, 4007 people across the state have contracted the disease and \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\">145 have died,\u003c/a> according to numbers from the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As summer rolls around in California, with it comes the West Nile virus infection season. So far this year, the California Department of Public Health is reporting 19 confirmed cases of West Nile virus. The first case of the season originated in Contra Costa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to predict a West Nile outbreak or how bad a season will be. Dr. Gil Chavez, deputy director of the California Department of Public Health says that many factors influence the level of West Nile virus activity, including temperature, rainfall, and the number and types of mosquitoes and birds in an area. He adds, that in addition, if an area has not experienced a lot of virus activity in several years, then more birds will be susceptible to infection, which in turn will increase the amount of virus-carrying birds for mosquitoes to feed on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this time last year, California was reporting just one confirmed case of the disease, but Chavez says it’s hard to say what the rest of the season might have in store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although more mosquitoes and dead birds have tested positive for West Nile virus this year than last year to date, it is not possible to predict the extent of West Nile virus activity for 2014,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people who contract West Nile, won’t know that they did. Typically it takes between 2 and 15 days from being bitten by an infected mosquito and contracting the virus to see symptoms. Of those who are infected with West Nile, only about 1 in 5 persons will show symptoms, which include include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, and rash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fewer than one percent of those who do get West Nile will develop the neuroinvasive form of the disease, in which a patient will contract a serious neurological illness such as encephalitis or meningitis. People age 50 and older have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/news.php?id=125\" target=\"_blank\">higher chance of getting sick \u003c/a>and are more likely to develop complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those who do contract the neuroinvasive variant of West Nile, about 10 percent die — \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/genQuestions.html\" target=\"_blank\">usually the elderly and the very young\u003c/a>, according to the Centers for Disease Control..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile-induced meningitis helped explain my grandmother’s delusions and confusion. Sometimes she was barely responsive and very weak. She could recognize her family, and later, as she regained some of her strength, could launch into a story from her college day. But more often than not, she seemed lost in space and couldn’t grasp that she was in the hospital fighting off this virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After fighting West Nile both in the hospital and at a rehabilitation facility, last September my grandmother suffered a massive stroke and passed away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect my grandfather says he should have guessed it was West Nile earlier. Earlier in the week that my grandmother had fallen ill, my grandfather had found both a dead bird and a dead squirrel on their 20-acre ranch in Northern California. Since birds carry West Nile virus, finding dead birds are a clue to the spread of the disease. California's Department of Public Health encourages people to report all dead birds they find. To help track the spread of the disease, Californians are encouraged to report all dead birds by \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/report_wnv.php\" target=\"_blank\">filling out an online form\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if my grandfather had alerted doctors of his suspicions, there would have been nothing for them to do. There is no human vaccine or treatment for West Nile. \u003ca href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov/prevention.htm\" target=\"_blank\">The only real steps are prevention\u003c/a>: use insect repellent containing DEET, avoid being outdoors at dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active, check your property and eliminate or drain sources of standing water including buckets, birdbaths and pet bowls. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/NeglectedSwimmingPoolsandWNV2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Neglected swimming pools \u003c/a>also pose a risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to whether the West Nile infection was the cause of my grandmother’s stroke, two of her doctors gave my family a strong yes and two said absolutely not. One thing is for sure: For my family one bite from a mosquito changed everything.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/20431/west-nile-virus-making-its-summer-trek-across-california","authors":["8344"],"categories":["stateofhealth_12"],"tags":["stateofhealth_564"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_13885","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_13880":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_13880","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"13880","score":null,"sort":[1374863221000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-mosquitoes-love-us-and-how-we-can-fight-back","title":"Why Mosquitoes Love Us and How We Can Fight Back","publishDate":1374863221,"format":"aside","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13885 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/96977928-620x415.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"415\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mosquitoes are especially attracted to pregnant women and people drinking alcohol. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state \u003ca href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\">has confirmed\u003c/a> the second West Nile virus case this year, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-west-nile-20130725,0,3491766.post\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times \u003c/a>reports that county officials say two adults are hospitalized there with the virus as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every summer, West Nile moves across California, spread by mosquitoes. The insects pick up the virus when they feed on infected birds -- then spread West Nile to humans when they munch on us.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"They will fly towards carbon dioxide, and so in a lot of cases in the backyard that's you and me.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Avoiding mosquito bites is ideal for lots of reasons besides West Nile. What repellents are best? And why do mosquitoes seem to prefer some people over others? NPR's Shots blog posed those questions and more to Dr. Roger Nasci, chief of the branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that tracks insect-borne viruses. Here's the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/25/205526533/why-mosquitoes-love-me-and-other-mysteries-revealed\" target=\"_blank\">Shots Q&A\u003c/a>:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> So why is it that backyard mosquitoes swarm and feast on some people, while others seem to be less palatable to them? Is there any truth to the claim that some blood is sweeter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> Well, first off, let's remember that here in the U.S. we have 175 species of mosquitoes, and a relatively small number of them feed on people. But they'll feed on anything that has blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mosquitoes that feed on people are attracted to over 300 gases and other compounds emitted by human skin. And what's attractive for one mosquito species might not be attractive to another. The most well-known compound is carbon dioxide. They can detect that fairly far away, from about 35 to 40 feet. They will fly towards carbon dioxide, and so in a lot of cases in the backyard that's you and me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other compounds various mosquitoes like are lactic acid and water. So it can be the composition of the sweat you exude that makes you more attractive, but the research doesn't show that hygiene really has anything to do with it. We also know that pregnant women are a little more attractive, as are people drinking alcohol. But it's really a very complex set of cues that mosquitoes use, so it's hard to make gross generalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Sounds like that would make coming up with repellents very complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> Yes, it does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Has mosquito repellent been getting stronger over time?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> No, we have had \u003ca href=\"http://www.rei.com/product/799528/sawyer-jungle-juice-100-pump-spray-insect-repellent-98-percent-deet-2-fl-oz\">Jungle Juice\u003c/a> – that stuff that's 90 to 100 percent DEET – for a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> So what trends are you seeing around repellents?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> We're seeing a real proliferation of new registered products that have different chemicals, and are giving consumers more choices. We've also seen significant advances in formulation chemistry – meaning how the active ingredients are packaged with other compounds. One innovation is time release, so low concentrations of DEET or other active ingredients that can provide long-lasting protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the Department of Defense now sends soldiers out into the field with time-release DEET and uniforms treated with \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/factsheets/permethrin_fs.htm\" target=\"_blank\">permethrin\u003c/a>. There are actually a lot of treated clothing products available these days – the permethrin lasts even after several washings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Do you have any concerns about the repellents we use today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> There are two concerns I have about repellents. One is that there are products coming onto the marketplace that have not been demonstrated as effective. The products we recommend on \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/repellent.html\" target=\"_blank\">our website\u003c/a> are DEET, picaridin, IR3535 and some oil of lemon eucalyptus and para-menthane-diol products. There is a body of scientific literature showing these products to be effective. And they're \u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/oppref/insect/\">registered with the Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other trend that concerns me is people don't use repellents – they're underutilized, especially in \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/16/202749179/a-warm-winter-helped-fuel-west-nile-outbreak-in-dallas\" target=\"_blank\">outbreaks of mosquito-borne illnesses like West Nile virus\u003c/a>. Even when these outbreaks are publicized, we have not been successful at getting more people to use repellents effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Is there any evidence of mosquitoes becoming resistant to DEET or other products?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> No, we're not seeing any evidence that mosquitoes are ignoring the repellents. The reason is that humans don't provide the primary blood source for mosquitoes — they mostly feed on animals, like birds. So we're not selecting for the behavior that would lead to resistance. DEET is still the gold standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q\u003c/strong>: Does it matter whether your repellent is 5 percent or 30 percent DEET?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> The amount of DEET can affect how long it lasts. But the research suggests that once you get about 50 percent DEET it's not going to make a lot of difference. The variable is how much you are putting on your skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> So how do you protect yourself from mosquitoes? Or, given that you're an expert on mosquito-borne diseases, do you just prefer to stay inside?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> When I'm going camping and hiking in the Colorado mountains — and we actually can have a lot of mosquitoes up there — I am using a topical repellent for my skin and wearing treated clothing. With those two, you get optimum protection.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1375020469,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":886},"headData":{"title":"Why Mosquitoes Love Us and How We Can Fight Back | KQED","description":"The state has confirmed the second West Nile virus case this year, and the Los Angeles Times reports that county officials say two adults are hospitalized there with the virus as well. Every summer, West Nile moves across California, spread by mosquitoes. The insects pick up the virus when they feed on infected birds -- then","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Mosquitoes Love Us and How We Can Fight Back","datePublished":"2013-07-26T18:27:01.000Z","dateModified":"2013-07-28T14:07:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"13880 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=13880","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/07/26/why-mosquitoes-love-us-and-how-we-can-fight-back/","disqusTitle":"Why Mosquitoes Love Us and How We Can Fight Back","path":"/stateofhealth/13880/why-mosquitoes-love-us-and-how-we-can-fight-back","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-13885 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/07/96977928-620x415.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"415\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mosquitoes are especially attracted to pregnant women and people drinking alcohol. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state \u003ca href=\"http://westnile.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\">has confirmed\u003c/a> the second West Nile virus case this year, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-west-nile-20130725,0,3491766.post\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times \u003c/a>reports that county officials say two adults are hospitalized there with the virus as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every summer, West Nile moves across California, spread by mosquitoes. The insects pick up the virus when they feed on infected birds -- then spread West Nile to humans when they munch on us.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"They will fly towards carbon dioxide, and so in a lot of cases in the backyard that's you and me.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Avoiding mosquito bites is ideal for lots of reasons besides West Nile. What repellents are best? And why do mosquitoes seem to prefer some people over others? NPR's Shots blog posed those questions and more to Dr. Roger Nasci, chief of the branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that tracks insect-borne viruses. Here's the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/25/205526533/why-mosquitoes-love-me-and-other-mysteries-revealed\" target=\"_blank\">Shots Q&A\u003c/a>:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> So why is it that backyard mosquitoes swarm and feast on some people, while others seem to be less palatable to them? Is there any truth to the claim that some blood is sweeter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> Well, first off, let's remember that here in the U.S. we have 175 species of mosquitoes, and a relatively small number of them feed on people. But they'll feed on anything that has blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mosquitoes that feed on people are attracted to over 300 gases and other compounds emitted by human skin. And what's attractive for one mosquito species might not be attractive to another. The most well-known compound is carbon dioxide. They can detect that fairly far away, from about 35 to 40 feet. They will fly towards carbon dioxide, and so in a lot of cases in the backyard that's you and me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other compounds various mosquitoes like are lactic acid and water. So it can be the composition of the sweat you exude that makes you more attractive, but the research doesn't show that hygiene really has anything to do with it. We also know that pregnant women are a little more attractive, as are people drinking alcohol. But it's really a very complex set of cues that mosquitoes use, so it's hard to make gross generalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Sounds like that would make coming up with repellents very complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> Yes, it does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Has mosquito repellent been getting stronger over time?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> No, we have had \u003ca href=\"http://www.rei.com/product/799528/sawyer-jungle-juice-100-pump-spray-insect-repellent-98-percent-deet-2-fl-oz\">Jungle Juice\u003c/a> – that stuff that's 90 to 100 percent DEET – for a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> So what trends are you seeing around repellents?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> We're seeing a real proliferation of new registered products that have different chemicals, and are giving consumers more choices. We've also seen significant advances in formulation chemistry – meaning how the active ingredients are packaged with other compounds. One innovation is time release, so low concentrations of DEET or other active ingredients that can provide long-lasting protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the Department of Defense now sends soldiers out into the field with time-release DEET and uniforms treated with \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/factsheets/permethrin_fs.htm\" target=\"_blank\">permethrin\u003c/a>. There are actually a lot of treated clothing products available these days – the permethrin lasts even after several washings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Do you have any concerns about the repellents we use today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> There are two concerns I have about repellents. One is that there are products coming onto the marketplace that have not been demonstrated as effective. The products we recommend on \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/repellent.html\" target=\"_blank\">our website\u003c/a> are DEET, picaridin, IR3535 and some oil of lemon eucalyptus and para-menthane-diol products. There is a body of scientific literature showing these products to be effective. And they're \u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/oppref/insect/\">registered with the Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other trend that concerns me is people don't use repellents – they're underutilized, especially in \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/16/202749179/a-warm-winter-helped-fuel-west-nile-outbreak-in-dallas\" target=\"_blank\">outbreaks of mosquito-borne illnesses like West Nile virus\u003c/a>. Even when these outbreaks are publicized, we have not been successful at getting more people to use repellents effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> Is there any evidence of mosquitoes becoming resistant to DEET or other products?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> No, we're not seeing any evidence that mosquitoes are ignoring the repellents. The reason is that humans don't provide the primary blood source for mosquitoes — they mostly feed on animals, like birds. So we're not selecting for the behavior that would lead to resistance. DEET is still the gold standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q\u003c/strong>: Does it matter whether your repellent is 5 percent or 30 percent DEET?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> The amount of DEET can affect how long it lasts. But the research suggests that once you get about 50 percent DEET it's not going to make a lot of difference. The variable is how much you are putting on your skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q:\u003c/strong> So how do you protect yourself from mosquitoes? Or, given that you're an expert on mosquito-borne diseases, do you just prefer to stay inside?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A:\u003c/strong> When I'm going camping and hiking in the Colorado mountains — and we actually can have a lot of mosquitoes up there — I am using a topical repellent for my skin and wearing treated clothing. With those two, you get optimum protection.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/13880/why-mosquitoes-love-us-and-how-we-can-fight-back","authors":["240"],"categories":["stateofhealth_12"],"tags":["stateofhealth_461","stateofhealth_564"],"label":"stateofhealth"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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