California 'That Much Closer' to Cellphone Earthquake Warnings After Oakland Test
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She has received numerous local awards from the Associated Press and the Society of Professional Journalists.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8e02ae982913d0950df605910267c1b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"RaquelMDillon","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Raquel Maria Dillon | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8e02ae982913d0950df605910267c1b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b8e02ae982913d0950df605910267c1b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/rdillon"},"kevinstark":{"type":"authors","id":"11608","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11608","found":true},"name":"Kevin Stark","firstName":"Kevin","lastName":"Stark","slug":"kevinstark","email":"kstark@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Senior Editor","bio":"Kevin is a senior editor for KQED Science, managing the station's health and climate desks. 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Kevin joined KQED in 2019, and has covered issues related to energy, wildfire, climate change and the environment.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"starkkev","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Kevin Stark | KQED","description":"Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kevinstark"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1951748":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1951748","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1951748","score":null,"sort":[1576614944000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"map-earthquake-shake-zones-around-the-u-s","title":"Map: Earthquake Shake Zones Around the U.S.","publishDate":1576614944,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Map: Earthquake Shake Zones Around the U.S. | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Researchers with the U.S. Geological Survey have refined their understanding of how soft basins of sedimentary rock below Earth’s surface amplify shaking from big earthquakes. The San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles, Seattle and Salt Lake City all have deep basins beneath them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study gives policymakers more detailed information to assess the strength of buildings during a major earthquake, and to guide homeowners in reinforcing their houses. The new estimates will be included in future building codes. The data has also been incorporated into the USGS hazard map that was released last week, and which you can see below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the findings: a 25% increase in potential shaking for Walnut Creek and a 10% increase for San Jose over the last USGS hazard assessment in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click on the map to see a larger version.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952210\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-complete_open_graph wp-image-1952210\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut-1200x773.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut-1200x773.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut-800x515.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut-768x494.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut-1020x657.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map showing the chance of damaging earthquake shaking within 100 years. \u003ccite>(USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We looked at these core areas to try and estimate how we can better account for these shaking levels beneath urban areas across the western U.S.,” said Mark Petersen, a research geologist with the USGS, who presented the study at the American Geophysical Union’s annual fall conference in San Francisco last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research on soft basins has been incorporated into the latest USGS earthquake \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/8755293019878199\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">assessment\u003c/a>, which reports the potential for a large quake on the San Andreas and Cascadia faults remains high across the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nibs.org/page/bssc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Building Seismic Safety Council\u003c/a>, an organization that provides guidance to the building industry on earthquake safety issues, voted to use the new models in its 2020 guidelines, the San Jose Mercury News \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/12/12/did-you-feel-that-usgs-releases-new-earthquake-map/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shaking Like Jelly\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologists have long known that these basins increase the shaking in earthquakes of long duration. The basins form underground in places where rocks are warped into bowl-like shapes by tectonic stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underground streams pass through the bowls and fill them with “soft sediments that can shake like a bowl filled with jelly, amplifying the shaking,” said Peterson. “Many times these deep basins overlay urban areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new shaking data is now a part of a USGS hazard model, which incorporates data on past earthquakes to help forecast where and how often future temblors will occur, their magnitude, and the intensity of the ground’s shaking. The models are based on where previous earthquakes have struck and the data obtained by geologists who study faults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Policymakers and city officials incorporate the models into codes for buildings, bridges, roads and railways; the insurance industry uses them to assess risk;and they inform seismic stability studies of dams, power plants, schools and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peterson says the models influence $1 trillion worth of construction and insurance costs annually in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new study gives policymakers more detailed information to assess the strength of buildings during a major earthquake, and to guide homeowners in reinforcing their houses.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847990,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":468},"headData":{"title":"Map: Earthquake Shake Zones Around the U.S. | KQED","description":"A new study gives policymakers more detailed information to assess the strength of buildings during a major earthquake, and to guide homeowners in reinforcing their houses.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Earthquakes","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1951748/map-earthquake-shake-zones-around-the-u-s","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers with the U.S. Geological Survey have refined their understanding of how soft basins of sedimentary rock below Earth’s surface amplify shaking from big earthquakes. The San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles, Seattle and Salt Lake City all have deep basins beneath them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study gives policymakers more detailed information to assess the strength of buildings during a major earthquake, and to guide homeowners in reinforcing their houses. The new estimates will be included in future building codes. The data has also been incorporated into the USGS hazard map that was released last week, and which you can see below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the findings: a 25% increase in potential shaking for Walnut Creek and a 10% increase for San Jose over the last USGS hazard assessment in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click on the map to see a larger version.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952210\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-complete_open_graph wp-image-1952210\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut-1200x773.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut-1200x773.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut-800x515.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut-768x494.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut-1020x657.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40503_2018-NSHM-Cover-Image-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map showing the chance of damaging earthquake shaking within 100 years. \u003ccite>(USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We looked at these core areas to try and estimate how we can better account for these shaking levels beneath urban areas across the western U.S.,” said Mark Petersen, a research geologist with the USGS, who presented the study at the American Geophysical Union’s annual fall conference in San Francisco last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research on soft basins has been incorporated into the latest USGS earthquake \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/8755293019878199\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">assessment\u003c/a>, which reports the potential for a large quake on the San Andreas and Cascadia faults remains high across the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nibs.org/page/bssc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Building Seismic Safety Council\u003c/a>, an organization that provides guidance to the building industry on earthquake safety issues, voted to use the new models in its 2020 guidelines, the San Jose Mercury News \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/12/12/did-you-feel-that-usgs-releases-new-earthquake-map/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shaking Like Jelly\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologists have long known that these basins increase the shaking in earthquakes of long duration. The basins form underground in places where rocks are warped into bowl-like shapes by tectonic stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underground streams pass through the bowls and fill them with “soft sediments that can shake like a bowl filled with jelly, amplifying the shaking,” said Peterson. “Many times these deep basins overlay urban areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new shaking data is now a part of a USGS hazard model, which incorporates data on past earthquakes to help forecast where and how often future temblors will occur, their magnitude, and the intensity of the ground’s shaking. The models are based on where previous earthquakes have struck and the data obtained by geologists who study faults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Policymakers and city officials incorporate the models into codes for buildings, bridges, roads and railways; the insurance industry uses them to assess risk;and they inform seismic stability studies of dams, power plants, schools and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peterson says the models influence $1 trillion worth of construction and insurance costs annually in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1951748/map-earthquake-shake-zones-around-the-u-s","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_38","science_40"],"tags":["science_3840","science_427","science_3370","science_838"],"featImg":"science_1952210","label":"source_science_1951748"},"science_1939628":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1939628","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1939628","score":null,"sort":[1553738459000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-that-much-closer-to-cell-phone-earthquake-warnings-after-oakland-test","title":"California 'That Much Closer' to Cellphone Earthquake Warnings After Oakland Test","publishDate":1553738459,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California ‘That Much Closer’ to Cellphone Earthquake Warnings After Oakland Test | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Scientists and disaster-response officials say they’re encouraged after their first attempt to push out an alert from the state’s newly-developed earthquake warning system to cellphones, over the same network used for Amber Alerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State emergency services staff and scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey triggered the local test at 11 a.m. on Wednesday. About 4 seconds later, an array of cellphones laid out in the downtown Oakland test center started lighting up and sounding off with a symphony of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHiqVHeSDvo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">familiar tones\u003c/a> usually associated with \u003ca href=\"https://www.amberalert.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amber Alerts\u003c/a>. This time, though, the subsequent text message advised users that this was only a test and no action was required. For the experiment, phones of various make, model and vintage were arrayed at the command center, going back to the flip-phone era. Most appeared to respond, though with varying time lags. Officials seemed pleased with the early returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939636\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Array_1908.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1939636 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Array_1908.jpeg\" alt=\"Photo: phone array\" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Array_1908.jpeg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Array_1908-160x213.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coordinators line up different cellphones to see how they respond to a test for earthquake warnings in downtown Oakland. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a very big step,” says Ryan Arba, the test coordinator for the California Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to look at all the data in total,” he says “but we always have to remember that today, we have no seconds of warning,” a reference to the fact that California currently has no comprehensive warning system in place for earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recently-launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakealert.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ShakeAlert system\u003c/a>, co-developed by USGS and its university partners, provides anywhere from a few seconds to more than a minute of notice before shaking starts — but only to institutions participating in a pilot program. Ultimately, the goal is to give everyone with a cellphone a few seconds to “drop, cover, and hold on” before the earth moves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And you can actually be in a protected place before the shaking even starts,” notes Arba, “which I think is pretty cool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday’s test was not without its glitches: for instance iPad tablets in the test center did not pick up the alert. The challenge ahead is to get the system dialed in, so it’ll work quickly and reliably with all devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward that end, testers asked people within about a 10-block radius of Oakland’s City Hall, to note exactly when the alert hit their cellphones, and report it on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.caloes.ca.gov/cal-oes-divisions/earthquake-tsunami-volcano-programs/california-earthquake-early-warning-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalOES website\u003c/a>. As of Wednesday afternoon, more than 900 people had responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people responding to that survey will provide us that feedback that we need to see whether or not we should move forward with this option.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nExtensive testing of the ShakeAlert system has proven its potential. A West Coast-wide network of ground sensors detect the very first burb from a developing earthquake, calculates the potential shaking and time before it hits a given location, and issues an alarm before the secondary wave — the one we feel — arrives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Robert de Groot with the USGS, it’s still unknown if the cellular system will be fast enough to relay that information in time, when seconds count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the part we’re testing,” he says, “so this is citizen science at its best: you have all these people with their multiplicity of devices on them and they’re gonna get this alert coming through them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly when that will happen for everyone is still an open question, but officials say that with continued success in testing, it could be reality within a year’s time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Officials are trying out earthquake warnings on the system used for Amber Alerts.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848766,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":618},"headData":{"title":"California 'That Much Closer' to Cellphone Earthquake Warnings After Oakland Test | KQED","description":"Officials are trying out earthquake warnings on the system used for Amber Alerts.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Engineering","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1939628/california-that-much-closer-to-cell-phone-earthquake-warnings-after-oakland-test","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists and disaster-response officials say they’re encouraged after their first attempt to push out an alert from the state’s newly-developed earthquake warning system to cellphones, over the same network used for Amber Alerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State emergency services staff and scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey triggered the local test at 11 a.m. on Wednesday. About 4 seconds later, an array of cellphones laid out in the downtown Oakland test center started lighting up and sounding off with a symphony of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHiqVHeSDvo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">familiar tones\u003c/a> usually associated with \u003ca href=\"https://www.amberalert.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amber Alerts\u003c/a>. This time, though, the subsequent text message advised users that this was only a test and no action was required. For the experiment, phones of various make, model and vintage were arrayed at the command center, going back to the flip-phone era. Most appeared to respond, though with varying time lags. Officials seemed pleased with the early returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939636\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Array_1908.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1939636 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Array_1908.jpeg\" alt=\"Photo: phone array\" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Array_1908.jpeg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/Array_1908-160x213.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coordinators line up different cellphones to see how they respond to a test for earthquake warnings in downtown Oakland. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a very big step,” says Ryan Arba, the test coordinator for the California Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to look at all the data in total,” he says “but we always have to remember that today, we have no seconds of warning,” a reference to the fact that California currently has no comprehensive warning system in place for earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recently-launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakealert.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ShakeAlert system\u003c/a>, co-developed by USGS and its university partners, provides anywhere from a few seconds to more than a minute of notice before shaking starts — but only to institutions participating in a pilot program. Ultimately, the goal is to give everyone with a cellphone a few seconds to “drop, cover, and hold on” before the earth moves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And you can actually be in a protected place before the shaking even starts,” notes Arba, “which I think is pretty cool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday’s test was not without its glitches: for instance iPad tablets in the test center did not pick up the alert. The challenge ahead is to get the system dialed in, so it’ll work quickly and reliably with all devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward that end, testers asked people within about a 10-block radius of Oakland’s City Hall, to note exactly when the alert hit their cellphones, and report it on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.caloes.ca.gov/cal-oes-divisions/earthquake-tsunami-volcano-programs/california-earthquake-early-warning-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalOES website\u003c/a>. As of Wednesday afternoon, more than 900 people had responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people responding to that survey will provide us that feedback that we need to see whether or not we should move forward with this option.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nExtensive testing of the ShakeAlert system has proven its potential. A West Coast-wide network of ground sensors detect the very first burb from a developing earthquake, calculates the potential shaking and time before it hits a given location, and issues an alarm before the secondary wave — the one we feel — arrives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Robert de Groot with the USGS, it’s still unknown if the cellular system will be fast enough to relay that information in time, when seconds count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the part we’re testing,” he says, “so this is citizen science at its best: you have all these people with their multiplicity of devices on them and they’re gonna get this alert coming through them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly when that will happen for everyone is still an open question, but officials say that with continued success in testing, it could be reality within a year’s time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1939628/california-that-much-closer-to-cell-phone-earthquake-warnings-after-oakland-test","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_89","science_38","science_40"],"tags":["science_3840","science_3370","science_550","science_2677","science_3830","science_838"],"featImg":"science_1939637","label":"source_science_1939628"},"science_1939059":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1939059","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1939059","score":null,"sort":[1552523422000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-ocean-is-not-a-bathtub-so-sea-level-rise-will-be-more-damaging","title":"Sea Level Rise in Bay Area is Going to Be Much More Destructive Than We Think, Says USGS Study","publishDate":1552523422,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Sea Level Rise in Bay Area is Going to Be Much More Destructive Than We Think, Says USGS Study | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The ocean is rocked by storms and its tides ebb with the moon. Waves eat away at the shore, rearranging the sand and bringing cliff-side structures crashing into the surf. It doesn’t behave like water in a bathtub.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Interactive mapping tool\u003c/a> – California inundation zones under different sea level rise scenarios\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But for simplicity’s sake (and because scientists are still learning about how climate change will melt glaciers), researchers have generally projected sea level rise as if the ocean will remain still and calm as it creeps up on crucial infrastructure and seaside neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z\">new\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> from the U.S. Geological Survey says the predicted damage from sea level rise in California \u003cem>triples\u003c/em> once tides, storms and erosion are taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many communities that are planning by only considering this in a bathtub and not considering the fact that that’ll be on top of these episodic storm events that’ll cause most of the short term impacts,” said the study’s lead author, Patrick Barnard, a USGS coastal geologist based in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study showed that, once these variables are taken into account, more than $150 billion worth of property and infrastructure and about 600,000 coastal residents could be flooded by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two-thirds of that property and those lives at risk are in and around the San Francisco Bay, said Barnard, who is the research director of the Climate Impacts and Coastal Processes Team at USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve effectively built on an estuary with millions of people just above sea level,” he said. “We’re in a highly vulnerable position in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Sloshing From Storms, More Damage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the team’s mathematical models factored in the variability of the tides, beach and cliff erosion, and once-in-decades storms, the predictions for coastal communities in a warming world got grim and wet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The locations threatened by flooding are the usual suspects: Foster City, Pacifica, and the San Francisco International Airport. \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Southern\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">will\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">also\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">be\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">hit\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">hard\u003c/a>, with the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach inundated and whole neighborhoods in Orange County under water during big storms and high tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To bring it home for planners and the public, the study included \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">an\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">interactive\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">mapping\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">tool\u003c/a> with multiple layers representing different scenarios: a \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">king\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\">tide\u003c/a>, interventions to shore up beaches and wetlands, and various levels of sea rise. Users can look up their neighborhoods, their commutes, their favorite beaches or the port where their latest online order entered the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most scenarios quickly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z/figures/3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put SFO under water\u003c/a>. Others flood marinas and homes in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z/figures/4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Foster City\u003c/a>. Highway 101 along the Peninsula gets very wet when sea level rise and storms combine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of this imagery is “to make it accessible to high-level policy people by translating the physical impacts into the socioeconomic impacts,” Barnard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of climate change are already apparent every winter, he said. For example, Highway 37 in Marin County \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2019/02/19/highway-37-expected-to-reopen-wednesday/\">just\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2019/02/19/highway-37-expected-to-reopen-wednesday/\">reopened\u003c/a> after a levee broke during last month’s storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe that happens once a winter every five years or something. In the future, we’re going to see — instead of once or every five years —it’s going to happen every year,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a couple of decades, that flooding will likely happen five times per year, then 20 times per year, Barnard said. Eventually, winter storms will send seawater creeping into areas that have never seen flooding before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Molly Peterson contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new USGS study factors in high tides, winter storms and erosion into its mathematical models of what sea level rise will mean for coastal California. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848803,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":622},"headData":{"title":"Sea Level Rise in Bay Area is Going to Be Much More Destructive Than We Think, Says USGS Study | KQED","description":"A new USGS study factors in high tides, winter storms and erosion into its mathematical models of what sea level rise will mean for coastal California. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Sea Level Rise","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1939059/the-ocean-is-not-a-bathtub-so-sea-level-rise-will-be-more-damaging","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The ocean is rocked by storms and its tides ebb with the moon. Waves eat away at the shore, rearranging the sand and bringing cliff-side structures crashing into the surf. It doesn’t behave like water in a bathtub.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Interactive mapping tool\u003c/a> – California inundation zones under different sea level rise scenarios\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But for simplicity’s sake (and because scientists are still learning about how climate change will melt glaciers), researchers have generally projected sea level rise as if the ocean will remain still and calm as it creeps up on crucial infrastructure and seaside neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z\">new\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> from the U.S. Geological Survey says the predicted damage from sea level rise in California \u003cem>triples\u003c/em> once tides, storms and erosion are taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many communities that are planning by only considering this in a bathtub and not considering the fact that that’ll be on top of these episodic storm events that’ll cause most of the short term impacts,” said the study’s lead author, Patrick Barnard, a USGS coastal geologist based in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study showed that, once these variables are taken into account, more than $150 billion worth of property and infrastructure and about 600,000 coastal residents could be flooded by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two-thirds of that property and those lives at risk are in and around the San Francisco Bay, said Barnard, who is the research director of the Climate Impacts and Coastal Processes Team at USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve effectively built on an estuary with millions of people just above sea level,” he said. “We’re in a highly vulnerable position in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Sloshing From Storms, More Damage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the team’s mathematical models factored in the variability of the tides, beach and cliff erosion, and once-in-decades storms, the predictions for coastal communities in a warming world got grim and wet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The locations threatened by flooding are the usual suspects: Foster City, Pacifica, and the San Francisco International Airport. \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Southern\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">will\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">also\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">be\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">hit\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-coast-storm-damage-20190313-story.html\">hard\u003c/a>, with the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach inundated and whole neighborhoods in Orange County under water during big storms and high tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To bring it home for planners and the public, the study included \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">an\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">interactive\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">mapping\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://data.pointblue.org/apps/ocof/cms/index.php?page=flood-map\">tool\u003c/a> with multiple layers representing different scenarios: a \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">king\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\">tide\u003c/a>, interventions to shore up beaches and wetlands, and various levels of sea rise. Users can look up their neighborhoods, their commutes, their favorite beaches or the port where their latest online order entered the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most scenarios quickly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z/figures/3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put SFO under water\u003c/a>. Others flood marinas and homes in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40742-z/figures/4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Foster City\u003c/a>. Highway 101 along the Peninsula gets very wet when sea level rise and storms combine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of this imagery is “to make it accessible to high-level policy people by translating the physical impacts into the socioeconomic impacts,” Barnard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of climate change are already apparent every winter, he said. For example, Highway 37 in Marin County \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2019/02/19/highway-37-expected-to-reopen-wednesday/\">just\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2019/02/19/highway-37-expected-to-reopen-wednesday/\">reopened\u003c/a> after a levee broke during last month’s storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe that happens once a winter every five years or something. In the future, we’re going to see — instead of once or every five years —it’s going to happen every year,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a couple of decades, that flooding will likely happen five times per year, then 20 times per year, Barnard said. Eventually, winter storms will send seawater creeping into areas that have never seen flooding before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Molly Peterson contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1939059/the-ocean-is-not-a-bathtub-so-sea-level-rise-will-be-more-damaging","authors":["11495"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_2873","science_98"],"tags":["science_3370","science_206","science_838"],"featImg":"science_1939088","label":"source_science_1939059"},"science_1938782":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1938782","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1938782","score":null,"sort":[1552078501000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"guess-what-california-now-you-need-to-prepare-for-erupting-volcanoes","title":"Guess What, California? Now You Need to Prepare for Erupting Volcanoes","publishDate":1552078501,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Guess What, California? Now You Need to Prepare for Erupting Volcanoes | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZD9K4q55jk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthquakes, wildfires, floods. If you live in California, you’re likely aware of these natural hazards and the dangers associated with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to a U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20185159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> released last week, California is also home to eight volcanic areas, posing threats categorized from moderate to very high. Seven of these areas are considered active, with molten rock bubbling underneath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These volcanic hotpots span the length of California from Medicine Lake in the far northern region of the state down to Salton Buttes near the U.S.-Mexico border. Clear Lake volcanic field, in Lake County, is roughly 100 miles from both San Francisco and Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other active sites include Mount Shasta and Lassen Volcanic Center in Northern California, as well as Long Valley Volcanic Region near Mammoth Lakes, and Coso Volcanic Field, east of a string of unincorporated communities along Highway 395.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938836\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 604px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1938836\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6940.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6940.png 604w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6940-160x177.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sites of California’s eight volcanic hotspots. \u003ccite>(USGS California Volcano Observatory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5159/sir20185159.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>, titled “California’s Exposure to Volcanic Hazards,” was compiled by the USGS \u003ca href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/calvo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Volcano Observatory\u003c/a> in collaboration with the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services and the California Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on records of volcanic history, geologists calculate the chance of an eruption in California over the next 30 years at 16 percent. For comparison, scientists have pegged the 30-year probability of a major earthquake in the Bay Area along the San Andreas Fault at about 22 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Ball, a geologist with the California Volcano Observatory and a co-author on the report, says many Californians aren’t aware of the possibilities of a volcanic eruption in the state. Volcanoes operate over longer timescales, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, earthquakes tend to take front and center. We have had more of them in the 20th century and 21st century than we have had volcanic activity. So it’s sort of out of people’s memories that we’ve got active volcanoes in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/30444/four-days-in-may-mount-lassen-erupted-100-years-ago\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of eruptions\u003c/a> in California occurred from 1914 to 1917 within the Lassen Volcanic Center, with an explosive eruption of Lassen Peak on May 22, 1915. Lava flows, hot ash, mudslides and avalanches resulting from the eruptions had major impacts on the surrounding region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvmInz9TgMw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The purpose of the report, which was requested by the Office of Emergency Services, was to compile scientific knowledge about volcanoes in California and outline the major hazards that could result should one erupt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each volcano has its own hazards,” Ball said. Medicine Lake, for example, could face lava flows. Whereas the Lassen region should be more concerned with lahars (mudslides) or high-speed “pyroclastic flows” of ash and lava powered by pressurized gas, which are a main cause of eruption-related fatalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938839\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1938839\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-800x767.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"767\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-800x767.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-160x153.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-768x736.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h.png 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The possible hazards of a volcanic eruption in California. \u003ccite>(USGS California Volcano Observatory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ball says the focus of the work was to home in on “populations, resources and infrastructure that are potentially in harm’s way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The urban areas that stand to be most affected are around Mount Shasta, where over 100,000 people live, work or travel within the hazard zone daily. Redding, in particular, lies relatively close to all three of the active volcanoes in far-northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Shasta last erupted in 1786. An eruption of Shasta, according to Ball, could result in a range of hazards with varying severity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volcanic ash clouds, for example, might pose a threat to air quality, flight patterns, road conditions, and water supply. Depending on the location and nature of the eruption, lava or pyroclastic flows could warrant evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re hoping is that our partners — land managers and emergency managers and decision-makers in the state — will take the information that we provided and start making their own plans for how to help people deal with these hazards,” Ball said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Information Officer Shawn Boyd of the Office of Emergency Services says the agency incorporates the threat of California’s volcanoes into their emergency response planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reports from USGS and the California Volcano Observatory are used to inform the state’s Volcano Preparedness Plan, which is part of California’s greater \u003ca href=\"https://www.caloes.ca.gov/PlanningPreparednessSite/Documents/California_State_Emergency_Plan_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emergency plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look at the volcanic hazards in California the same way we do at any other disaster,” Boyd said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cynthia Pridmore, a geologist with the California Geological Survey who also contributed to the new USGS report, says it’s key for local agencies to stay informed about volcanic activity the same way they do for earthquakes, tsunamis and other dangers. For the general public, she says, the report is a chance to get prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re in one of these regions, it’s just another reason you need to have one of those to-go kits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volcanic activity in California is monitored by the Volcano Observatory n Menlo Park. Up-to-date information on all seven of California’s active volcanoes is available on its \u003ca href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/calvo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event of an eruption, observatory will \u003ca href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/index.html\">issue alerts\u003c/a> and report to Cal OES to initiate emergency protocols along with local counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want [people] to get scared,” Ball says. “We’re not talking doomsday scenarios. We just want them to know that these hazards could happen sometime in the future and that they might be called on to make decisions about their safety and their livelihood.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California could see a significant volcanic eruption sometime in the next 30 years, according to a report by the U.S. Geological Survey.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848811,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":950},"headData":{"title":"Guess What, California? Now You Need to Prepare for Erupting Volcanoes | KQED","description":"California could see a significant volcanic eruption sometime in the next 30 years, according to a report by the U.S. Geological Survey.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Geology","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1938782/guess-what-california-now-you-need-to-prepare-for-erupting-volcanoes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/nZD9K4q55jk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/nZD9K4q55jk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Earthquakes, wildfires, floods. If you live in California, you’re likely aware of these natural hazards and the dangers associated with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to a U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20185159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> released last week, California is also home to eight volcanic areas, posing threats categorized from moderate to very high. Seven of these areas are considered active, with molten rock bubbling underneath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These volcanic hotpots span the length of California from Medicine Lake in the far northern region of the state down to Salton Buttes near the U.S.-Mexico border. Clear Lake volcanic field, in Lake County, is roughly 100 miles from both San Francisco and Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other active sites include Mount Shasta and Lassen Volcanic Center in Northern California, as well as Long Valley Volcanic Region near Mammoth Lakes, and Coso Volcanic Field, east of a string of unincorporated communities along Highway 395.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938836\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 604px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1938836\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6940.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6940.png 604w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6940-160x177.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sites of California’s eight volcanic hotspots. \u003ccite>(USGS California Volcano Observatory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5159/sir20185159.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>, titled “California’s Exposure to Volcanic Hazards,” was compiled by the USGS \u003ca href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/calvo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Volcano Observatory\u003c/a> in collaboration with the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services and the California Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on records of volcanic history, geologists calculate the chance of an eruption in California over the next 30 years at 16 percent. For comparison, scientists have pegged the 30-year probability of a major earthquake in the Bay Area along the San Andreas Fault at about 22 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Ball, a geologist with the California Volcano Observatory and a co-author on the report, says many Californians aren’t aware of the possibilities of a volcanic eruption in the state. Volcanoes operate over longer timescales, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, earthquakes tend to take front and center. We have had more of them in the 20th century and 21st century than we have had volcanic activity. So it’s sort of out of people’s memories that we’ve got active volcanoes in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/30444/four-days-in-may-mount-lassen-erupted-100-years-ago\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of eruptions\u003c/a> in California occurred from 1914 to 1917 within the Lassen Volcanic Center, with an explosive eruption of Lassen Peak on May 22, 1915. Lava flows, hot ash, mudslides and avalanches resulting from the eruptions had major impacts on the surrounding region.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/KvmInz9TgMw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/KvmInz9TgMw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The purpose of the report, which was requested by the Office of Emergency Services, was to compile scientific knowledge about volcanoes in California and outline the major hazards that could result should one erupt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each volcano has its own hazards,” Ball said. Medicine Lake, for example, could face lava flows. Whereas the Lassen region should be more concerned with lahars (mudslides) or high-speed “pyroclastic flows” of ash and lava powered by pressurized gas, which are a main cause of eruption-related fatalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1938839\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1938839\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-800x767.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"767\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-800x767.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-160x153.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-768x736.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/img6941_900w_863h.png 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The possible hazards of a volcanic eruption in California. \u003ccite>(USGS California Volcano Observatory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ball says the focus of the work was to home in on “populations, resources and infrastructure that are potentially in harm’s way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The urban areas that stand to be most affected are around Mount Shasta, where over 100,000 people live, work or travel within the hazard zone daily. Redding, in particular, lies relatively close to all three of the active volcanoes in far-northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Shasta last erupted in 1786. An eruption of Shasta, according to Ball, could result in a range of hazards with varying severity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volcanic ash clouds, for example, might pose a threat to air quality, flight patterns, road conditions, and water supply. Depending on the location and nature of the eruption, lava or pyroclastic flows could warrant evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re hoping is that our partners — land managers and emergency managers and decision-makers in the state — will take the information that we provided and start making their own plans for how to help people deal with these hazards,” Ball said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Information Officer Shawn Boyd of the Office of Emergency Services says the agency incorporates the threat of California’s volcanoes into their emergency response planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reports from USGS and the California Volcano Observatory are used to inform the state’s Volcano Preparedness Plan, which is part of California’s greater \u003ca href=\"https://www.caloes.ca.gov/PlanningPreparednessSite/Documents/California_State_Emergency_Plan_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emergency plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look at the volcanic hazards in California the same way we do at any other disaster,” Boyd said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cynthia Pridmore, a geologist with the California Geological Survey who also contributed to the new USGS report, says it’s key for local agencies to stay informed about volcanic activity the same way they do for earthquakes, tsunamis and other dangers. For the general public, she says, the report is a chance to get prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re in one of these regions, it’s just another reason you need to have one of those to-go kits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volcanic activity in California is monitored by the Volcano Observatory n Menlo Park. Up-to-date information on all seven of California’s active volcanoes is available on its \u003ca href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/calvo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event of an eruption, observatory will \u003ca href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/index.html\">issue alerts\u003c/a> and report to Cal OES to initiate emergency protocols along with local counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want [people] to get scared,” Ball says. “We’re not talking doomsday scenarios. We just want them to know that these hazards could happen sometime in the future and that they might be called on to make decisions about their safety and their livelihood.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1938782/guess-what-california-now-you-need-to-prepare-for-erupting-volcanoes","authors":["11368"],"categories":["science_35","science_38","science_40"],"tags":["science_3840","science_3370","science_3834","science_838","science_1999","science_944"],"featImg":"science_1938945","label":"source_science_1938782"},"science_1933116":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1933116","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1933116","score":null,"sort":[1539872972000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"earthquake-warning-system-launches-for-select-groups","title":"Earthquake Warning System Launches for Select Groups","publishDate":1539872972,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Earthquake Warning System Launches for Select Groups | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Automated alerts from the fledgling West Coast earthquake early warning system are ready to be used broadly by businesses, utilities, schools and other entities but not for mass public notification, officials said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re making a large change from a production prototype in pilot mode to an open-for-business operational mode,” Doug Given, earthquake early warning coordinator for the U.S. Geological Survey, told a press conference at the California Institute of Technology.[contextly_sidebar id=”Xh474iiSEySqxJ8pXcMETbpRyT0h84YL”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system being built for California, Oregon and Washington detects that an earthquake is occurring, quickly analyzes the data and sends out alerts that may give warnings of several seconds to a minute before strong shaking arrives at locations away from the epicenter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That can be enough time to automatically slow trains, stop industrial processes, start backup generators, pause a surgery or send students scrambling for protection under desks and table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pilot programs involving select users have been underway for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The system is not yet finished, it’s not complete, there is a lot of work to be done, however there is a lot of capability in the system as it exists today to the point it can definitely be used,” Given said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sensor network is about 50 percent complete and funding has been secured to complete it in California in the next two years and get two-thirds of the way built out in the Pacific Northwest, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another key development occurred Sept. 28 when a new generation of ShakeAlert software was deployed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given said among its important improvements is reduction of false and missed alerts. False alerts typically have occurred when a large quake elsewhere in the world is detected by a sensor and is mistaken for a local temblor.[contextly_sidebar id=”t3dsgv37NVfYGaerNstscpxP5oBgtniJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The system performs now much better than it did in the past to the point where it is much more reliable,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials now want to open ShakeAlert to a wide array of applications and are encouraging potential users to contact the USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t yet include mass public notifications for several reasons, including the fact that current cellphone technology is too slow for timely delivery of notifications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most folks expect to get the alerts on their phone and that is of course is the preferred way that we’d like to get it into everybody’s hands,” Given said. “Unfortunately the technology that is built into your phone to send you notifications was not designed with earthquake early warning in mind.”[contextly_sidebar id=”rjk2ipBhG2N3U4nE9noBqVOtJW00ZDfG”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., who has championed funding of the system, said it will also be important to make sure people know what the alerts mean, what to do when they get them, what not to do and to understand there may be false alarms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The education component is going to be very, very important, but this is a wonderful milestone,” he said. “We can now see the end, I hope, in two or three years where the system is fully built out and funded and in operation.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Automated alerts from the fledgling earthquake early warning system will be available to businesses, utilities, schools and other entities but not yet for mass public notification.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927378,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":540},"headData":{"title":"Earthquake Warning System Launches for Select Groups | KQED","description":"Automated alerts from the fledgling earthquake early warning system will be available to businesses, utilities, schools and other entities but not yet for mass public notification.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Technology","sticky":false,"nprByline":"The Associated Press","path":"/science/1933116/earthquake-warning-system-launches-for-select-groups","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Automated alerts from the fledgling West Coast earthquake early warning system are ready to be used broadly by businesses, utilities, schools and other entities but not for mass public notification, officials said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re making a large change from a production prototype in pilot mode to an open-for-business operational mode,” Doug Given, earthquake early warning coordinator for the U.S. Geological Survey, told a press conference at the California Institute of Technology.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system being built for California, Oregon and Washington detects that an earthquake is occurring, quickly analyzes the data and sends out alerts that may give warnings of several seconds to a minute before strong shaking arrives at locations away from the epicenter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That can be enough time to automatically slow trains, stop industrial processes, start backup generators, pause a surgery or send students scrambling for protection under desks and table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pilot programs involving select users have been underway for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The system is not yet finished, it’s not complete, there is a lot of work to be done, however there is a lot of capability in the system as it exists today to the point it can definitely be used,” Given said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sensor network is about 50 percent complete and funding has been secured to complete it in California in the next two years and get two-thirds of the way built out in the Pacific Northwest, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another key development occurred Sept. 28 when a new generation of ShakeAlert software was deployed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given said among its important improvements is reduction of false and missed alerts. False alerts typically have occurred when a large quake elsewhere in the world is detected by a sensor and is mistaken for a local temblor.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The system performs now much better than it did in the past to the point where it is much more reliable,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials now want to open ShakeAlert to a wide array of applications and are encouraging potential users to contact the USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t yet include mass public notifications for several reasons, including the fact that current cellphone technology is too slow for timely delivery of notifications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most folks expect to get the alerts on their phone and that is of course is the preferred way that we’d like to get it into everybody’s hands,” Given said. “Unfortunately the technology that is built into your phone to send you notifications was not designed with earthquake early warning in mind.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., who has championed funding of the system, said it will also be important to make sure people know what the alerts mean, what to do when they get them, what not to do and to understand there may be false alarms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The education component is going to be very, very important, but this is a wonderful milestone,” he said. “We can now see the end, I hope, in two or three years where the system is fully built out and funded and in operation.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1933116/earthquake-warning-system-launches-for-select-groups","authors":["byline_science_1933116"],"categories":["science_4450"],"tags":["science_257","science_192","science_461","science_838"],"featImg":"science_1933119","label":"source_science_1933116"},"science_1922795":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1922795","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1922795","score":null,"sort":[1524066970000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hayward-fault-is-more-dangerous-than-we-knew","title":"Hayward Fault Is More Dangerous Than We Knew","publishDate":1524066970,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Hayward Fault Is More Dangerous Than We Knew | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/fs20183016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new report\u003c/a> from the U.S. Geological Survey says a major earthquake on the Oakland section of the Hayward fault could kill hundreds of people and injure thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USGS report out today examined what could happen in the likely scenario of a 7.0 quake. Similar large earthquakes have occurred on the Hayward fault every 100-220 years for nearly two millennia, and last happened 150 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scenario imagines an earthquake centered in Oakland, happening at 4:18 p.m. on the same day as the 1906 San Francisco earthquake: today, April 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quake ruptures the fault for 52 miles, from Fremont to the middle of San Pablo Bay. It causes violent shaking from Richmond to Fremont, killing 800 people from building and structural collapse and damage, and injuring 18,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the scenario, roughly 2,500 people need to be rescued from collapsed buildings, and 22,000 people are trapped in elevators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists also ran the scenario imagining people using the \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakealert.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ShakeAlert\u003c/a> emergency early warning system and found that if people actually “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” as many as 1,500 non-fatal injuries can be prevented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">The violent shaking causes soils along the San Francisco Bay to become slippery, moving like liquid, and causes landslides in the hills and mountains surrounding the bay, especially the East Bay hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay residents could lose water supplies for 6 weeks, and this disruption would also hamper firefighters, who could face some 400 fires from ruptured gas and electricity pipes all over the Bay Area. Thousands of people could be left homeless from the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report recommends three top priorities to reduce the fatalities and damages from this kind of disaster: replace old and brittle water pipes, enhance building codes, and adopt and use the \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakealert.org/\">ShakeAlert\u003c/a> early warning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are willing to pay more for better building codes,” Andrew Michael, geophysicist with the U.S.G.S. Earthquake Science Center in Menlo Park, said to KQED’s Forum. “I think the important thing is for people to become informed and become engaged in the process to help inform policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922810 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption-800x839.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"839\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption-160x168.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption-768x805.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption-240x252.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption-375x393.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption-520x545.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A USGS map illustrating potential damage from a strong quake on the Hayward fault. \u003ccite>(U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.earthquakecountry.org/sevensteps/\">7 Steps to Earthquake Safety\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/step6wideicon.png\" alt=\"\">\u003cbr>\nLearn how to prepare at home using the 7 Steps to Earthquake Safety from the guidebook “\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2005/15/\">Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country\u003c/a>,” written for different areas of the country and in several languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step1\">Secure your space\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step2\">Create a disaster plan\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step3\">Organize disaster supplies\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step4\">Minimize financial hardship\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step5/\">Drop, Cover, and Hold On\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step6/\">Improve safety after earthquakes\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step7/\">Restore daily life \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new report from the U.S. Geological Survey estimates hundreds of deaths from a 7.0 quake, and offers safety and prevention tips.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927987,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":451},"headData":{"title":"Hayward Fault Is More Dangerous Than We Knew | KQED","description":"A new report from the U.S. Geological Survey estimates hundreds of deaths from a 7.0 quake, and offers safety and prevention tips.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Earthquakes","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1922795/hayward-fault-is-more-dangerous-than-we-knew","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/fs20183016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new report\u003c/a> from the U.S. Geological Survey says a major earthquake on the Oakland section of the Hayward fault could kill hundreds of people and injure thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USGS report out today examined what could happen in the likely scenario of a 7.0 quake. Similar large earthquakes have occurred on the Hayward fault every 100-220 years for nearly two millennia, and last happened 150 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scenario imagines an earthquake centered in Oakland, happening at 4:18 p.m. on the same day as the 1906 San Francisco earthquake: today, April 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quake ruptures the fault for 52 miles, from Fremont to the middle of San Pablo Bay. It causes violent shaking from Richmond to Fremont, killing 800 people from building and structural collapse and damage, and injuring 18,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the scenario, roughly 2,500 people need to be rescued from collapsed buildings, and 22,000 people are trapped in elevators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists also ran the scenario imagining people using the \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakealert.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ShakeAlert\u003c/a> emergency early warning system and found that if people actually “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” as many as 1,500 non-fatal injuries can be prevented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">The violent shaking causes soils along the San Francisco Bay to become slippery, moving like liquid, and causes landslides in the hills and mountains surrounding the bay, especially the East Bay hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay residents could lose water supplies for 6 weeks, and this disruption would also hamper firefighters, who could face some 400 fires from ruptured gas and electricity pipes all over the Bay Area. Thousands of people could be left homeless from the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report recommends three top priorities to reduce the fatalities and damages from this kind of disaster: replace old and brittle water pipes, enhance building codes, and adopt and use the \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakealert.org/\">ShakeAlert\u003c/a> early warning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are willing to pay more for better building codes,” Andrew Michael, geophysicist with the U.S.G.S. Earthquake Science Center in Menlo Park, said to KQED’s Forum. “I think the important thing is for people to become informed and become engaged in the process to help inform policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922810 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption-800x839.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"839\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption-160x168.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption-768x805.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption-240x252.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption-375x393.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/usgs_map01_caption-520x545.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A USGS map illustrating potential damage from a strong quake on the Hayward fault. \u003ccite>(U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.earthquakecountry.org/sevensteps/\">7 Steps to Earthquake Safety\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/step6wideicon.png\" alt=\"\">\u003cbr>\nLearn how to prepare at home using the 7 Steps to Earthquake Safety from the guidebook “\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2005/15/\">Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country\u003c/a>,” written for different areas of the country and in several languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step1\">Secure your space\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step2\">Create a disaster plan\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step3\">Organize disaster supplies\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step4\">Minimize financial hardship\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step5/\">Drop, Cover, and Hold On\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step6/\">Improve safety after earthquakes\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step7/\">Restore daily life \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1922795/hayward-fault-is-more-dangerous-than-we-knew","authors":["235"],"categories":["science_38","science_40"],"tags":["science_257","science_654","science_813","science_838"],"featImg":"science_22449","label":"source_science_1922795"},"science_1922125":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1922125","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1922125","score":null,"sort":[1523278880000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"students-with-autism-excel-in-working-with-data-helping-scientists","title":"Students With Autism Excel in Working With Data, Helping Scientists","publishDate":1523278880,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Students With Autism Excel in Working With Data, Helping Scientists | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Twenty-year-old Ryan Karsner is surrounded by rocks. Thousands of them overflow from boxes and cabinets in a cramped storeroom at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rocks range from rust-hued sandstone to smooth grey basalt. Some have been collecting dust in rooms like this for more than 50 years, until now. Ryan’s task is to catalog the collection into a massive spreadsheet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922176\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922176 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A storeroom at USGS in Menlo Park, Calif: Some of the rocks Ryan Karsner works with have waited to be cataloged for over 50 years. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He might seem like your typical college-aged research assistant. He’s dedicated and enthusiastic about science. But Ryan has struggled with autism his whole life. In elementary school, he had trouble with the most basic math and reading. Ryan’s teachers told his family he would be lucky to one day work at a 7-Eleven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he helps scientists conduct important research.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The obsessions or passionate interests of autistic people often provide the basis of a career or a pathway forward.’\u003ccite>Steve Silberman, author\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“If someone told me I would be working here ten years ago,” says Ryan, “I would never have believed them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan is one of 12 Bay Area students participating in a new job training program called \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/step-science-engaging-young-adults-disabilities\">STEP-UP\u003c/a>, or Secondary Transition to Employment Program – USGS Partnership. The program pairs young adults with autism and other developmental disabilities with scientists to assist with research projects. The students, aged 18 to 22, volunteer at the agency’s headquarters in Menlo Park a few times a week, and receive a stipend from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS geologist Scott Bennett says that since the program launched in January, the STEP-UP students have made an “invaluable” contribution to his work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their ability to focus and complete the task at hand is really exceptional,” says Bennett. “They’re just doing a great job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">20-year-old Carla Young scans handwritten geological field notebooks dating back to the 1940’s for Scott Bennett’s lab at USGS. Carla commutes two hours each way for the opportunity to participate in STEP-UP. She says, “My goal was trying new things. I started taking things slowly, and I love it so much.” \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bennett is in the map-making business. His lab uses rock samples and field measurements collected throughout the Pacific Northwest to locate geologic hazards like fault-lines and landslide-prone areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not glamorous work to be honest,” Bennett says of the archival project the students are undertaking. But it’s essential to the preservation of their data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Ryan Karsner, whose passion is the outdoors, the opportunity is a chance to do something meaningful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922175\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922175 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Karsner holds a thin section of volcanic rock. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I like rocks a lot,” he says, “and to know that I am assisting in building maps that could help people, it’s kind of like, ‘Wow.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan’s parents, Janine and Richard Karsner, learned about the STEP-UP program from a teacher from Santa Clara Unified School District. Ryan came a long way since elementary school, but at 20, he still doesn’t have a high school diploma. Without clear college or job prospects on the table, his parents worried about his future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have a special needs child, your options a lot of times are limited, and you don’t know what’s out there,” Janine Karsner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is real concern for families like the Karsner’s. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.thehrdigest.com/66-adults-autism-unemployed-blame/\">unemployment rate\u003c/a> for autistic adults is more than 15 times the national average — even though the majority don’t have impaired intelligence. This can fuel \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/04/21/401243060/young-adults-with-autism-more-likely-to-be-unemployed-isolated\">anxiety and depression\u003c/a> in a group prone to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/01/554461501/many-young-adults-with-autism-also-have-mental-health-issues\">emotional distress\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These students are tuned to unique and wonderful wavelengths. And when you get them on that wavelength, they are just incredible.’\u003ccite>Chris Hammond, USGS STEP-UP program manager\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Federal law requires public schools offer job training to students with disabilities. Melissa Mitchell, the teacher who told the Karsner’s about STEP-UP, says this mandate doesn’t come with funding. It’s left up to the individual school districts to develop and, for the most part, pay for programs out of their already strained budgets. This limits the number and variety of what’s offered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Karsner’s found that most programs prepared students for simple tasks like folding laundry or bagging groceries. While beneficial to many, Richard Karsnser says these one-size-fit-all options overlook the potential people like his son have to contribute to a workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEP-UP, he says, is different. Richard still remembers the first day his son came home from the program in January. He couldn’t stop talking about a particular rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922170\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922170 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Karsner shows off his favorite rock – a piece of fault line that was formed millions of years ago. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“He walks in the door and he has a smile ear to ear, and he goes, ‘You’ll never believe what happened. I got to hold a piece of a fault line and it’s 6 million years old. How awesome is that?’ And I was like, ‘This is going to be a great place.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While new to California, the program was pioneered in 2012 at USGS’s main office in Reston, Virginia. It proved \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/a-grand-slam-students-schools-and-science\">so beneficial\u003c/a> to students and scientists, the agency decided to expand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Hammond, who manages the program for USGS, says he’s been amazed by what students have been able to accomplish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know much about autism before I got involved with this group,” says Hammond. “But what I’m finding is these students are tuned to very fine, unique and wonderful wavelengths. And when you get them on that wavelength, they are just incredible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922167\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922167\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">STEP-UP alumnus Kevin Kim now works part-time for USGS in Virginia. While in the program, Kevin worked so fast, he crashed one of the agency’s email servers. \u003ccite>(Chris Hammond/USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Data entry, archiving, and digitization make up the bulk of the tasks assigned to the students. Hammond says the error rate of most people USGS hires for this type of work is around three percent. The STEP-UP cohort in Virginia averages point-three percent. The students often find mistakes in other people’s work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do things that neurotypical people just wouldn’t have the time, patience or attention to detail on,” Hammond says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”zcbWqU8dMmaNg6QfR9Dh8HOPoaFEroa5″]When students turn 22, they age out of STEP-UP, and many of the services offered to autistic people. So far, USGS in Virginia has hired four out of the eight students that have graduated the program as part-time employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what is the key to unlocking the potential of someone on the spectrum?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Steve Silberman got to know hundreds of young people with autism for his book \u003ca href=\"http://stevesilberman.com/book/neurotribes/\">NeuroTribes\u003c/a>. He says each one is passionate about something — whether it’s Pokemon or computer games or collecting rocks. The interests of autistic people can seem like obsessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It turns out that the obsessions or, if you will, passionate interests, of autistic people often provide the basis of a career or a pathway forward,” Silberman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traits associated with autistic people, like hyper-focus and repetitive behavior, can translate into them becoming hard-working, detail-oriented employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922173\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922173\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janine, Ryan and Richard Karsner inside USGS offices in Menlo Park. Janine and Richard say working at the Geological Survey has given Ryan a new perspective on his future. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So, by supporting those interests,” says Silberman, “you actually give the person the best chance of success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vocational training programs like STEP-UP play a big role in this. They help young people with autism figure out what they like, and what they’re good at. They also teach employers the value of their skills and how to work with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the chance to put their abilities to use, autistic kids can find it difficult to transition to adulthood.[contextly_sidebar id=”vpol7h4P27cHZoAdp0gLj9JzPESwyjNo”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suicide is a serious problem for autistic adults because they never found a career or perhaps don’t have any way to make a meaningful contribution to society,” says Silberman. “So we’re not just talking about making people’s lives more fun or something, we’re actually talking about issues of life and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford psychiatrist Antonio Hardan has been treating autistic children and adults for over 25 years. He says there’s a growing awareness of the hidden potential of many people on the spectrum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sky’s the limit, if you find an area that matches the person’s interests,” Hardan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922178\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922178\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">STEP-UP student Diya Rao helps geologists measure the water content of soil. She says the best part is running the samples through the soil splitter (pictured left). \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With this this awareness comes a greater need to fund opportunities like STEP-UP. “It’s a great thing,” says Hardan. “We need more programs like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hardan says local, state and federal governments need to put more financial backing behind these resources. He’s looking to universities like Stanford to lead the way in developing programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s still too early to tell whether Ryan Karsner will have job waiting for him at the end of the STEP-UP program. Scott Bennett from USGS says he hopes they’ll be able to keep him on to finish the rock archival project, and maybe even get him out into the field to collect samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, Ryan says the experience has him rethinking what’s possible. He’s realizing he can, “be somebody that I want to be,” instead of have everyone tell him what he can’t.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new Bay Area job-training program is pioneering ways to turn what some employers might view as disabilities into strength. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928032,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":1740},"headData":{"title":"Students With Autism Excel in Working With Data, Helping Scientists | KQED","description":"A new Bay Area job-training program is pioneering ways to turn what some employers might view as disabilities into strength. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Education","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":451,"path":"/science/1922125/students-with-autism-excel-in-working-with-data-helping-scientists","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/04/FORWEBArcuniAutism.mp3","audioDuration":436000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Twenty-year-old Ryan Karsner is surrounded by rocks. Thousands of them overflow from boxes and cabinets in a cramped storeroom at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rocks range from rust-hued sandstone to smooth grey basalt. Some have been collecting dust in rooms like this for more than 50 years, until now. Ryan’s task is to catalog the collection into a massive spreadsheet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922176\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922176 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Samples-2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A storeroom at USGS in Menlo Park, Calif: Some of the rocks Ryan Karsner works with have waited to be cataloged for over 50 years. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He might seem like your typical college-aged research assistant. He’s dedicated and enthusiastic about science. But Ryan has struggled with autism his whole life. In elementary school, he had trouble with the most basic math and reading. Ryan’s teachers told his family he would be lucky to one day work at a 7-Eleven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he helps scientists conduct important research.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The obsessions or passionate interests of autistic people often provide the basis of a career or a pathway forward.’\u003ccite>Steve Silberman, author\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“If someone told me I would be working here ten years ago,” says Ryan, “I would never have believed them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan is one of 12 Bay Area students participating in a new job training program called \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/step-science-engaging-young-adults-disabilities\">STEP-UP\u003c/a>, or Secondary Transition to Employment Program – USGS Partnership. The program pairs young adults with autism and other developmental disabilities with scientists to assist with research projects. The students, aged 18 to 22, volunteer at the agency’s headquarters in Menlo Park a few times a week, and receive a stipend from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS geologist Scott Bennett says that since the program launched in January, the STEP-UP students have made an “invaluable” contribution to his work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their ability to focus and complete the task at hand is really exceptional,” says Bennett. “They’re just doing a great job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30328_Carla-Young-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">20-year-old Carla Young scans handwritten geological field notebooks dating back to the 1940’s for Scott Bennett’s lab at USGS. Carla commutes two hours each way for the opportunity to participate in STEP-UP. She says, “My goal was trying new things. I started taking things slowly, and I love it so much.” \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bennett is in the map-making business. His lab uses rock samples and field measurements collected throughout the Pacific Northwest to locate geologic hazards like fault-lines and landslide-prone areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not glamorous work to be honest,” Bennett says of the archival project the students are undertaking. But it’s essential to the preservation of their data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Ryan Karsner, whose passion is the outdoors, the opportunity is a chance to do something meaningful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922175\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922175 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Ryan-Archiving-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Karsner holds a thin section of volcanic rock. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I like rocks a lot,” he says, “and to know that I am assisting in building maps that could help people, it’s kind of like, ‘Wow.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan’s parents, Janine and Richard Karsner, learned about the STEP-UP program from a teacher from Santa Clara Unified School District. Ryan came a long way since elementary school, but at 20, he still doesn’t have a high school diploma. Without clear college or job prospects on the table, his parents worried about his future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have a special needs child, your options a lot of times are limited, and you don’t know what’s out there,” Janine Karsner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is real concern for families like the Karsner’s. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.thehrdigest.com/66-adults-autism-unemployed-blame/\">unemployment rate\u003c/a> for autistic adults is more than 15 times the national average — even though the majority don’t have impaired intelligence. This can fuel \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/04/21/401243060/young-adults-with-autism-more-likely-to-be-unemployed-isolated\">anxiety and depression\u003c/a> in a group prone to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/01/554461501/many-young-adults-with-autism-also-have-mental-health-issues\">emotional distress\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These students are tuned to unique and wonderful wavelengths. And when you get them on that wavelength, they are just incredible.’\u003ccite>Chris Hammond, USGS STEP-UP program manager\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Federal law requires public schools offer job training to students with disabilities. Melissa Mitchell, the teacher who told the Karsner’s about STEP-UP, says this mandate doesn’t come with funding. It’s left up to the individual school districts to develop and, for the most part, pay for programs out of their already strained budgets. This limits the number and variety of what’s offered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Karsner’s found that most programs prepared students for simple tasks like folding laundry or bagging groceries. While beneficial to many, Richard Karsnser says these one-size-fit-all options overlook the potential people like his son have to contribute to a workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEP-UP, he says, is different. Richard still remembers the first day his son came home from the program in January. He couldn’t stop talking about a particular rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922170\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1922170 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30334_Ryan-Rock-3-cropped-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Karsner shows off his favorite rock – a piece of fault line that was formed millions of years ago. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“He walks in the door and he has a smile ear to ear, and he goes, ‘You’ll never believe what happened. I got to hold a piece of a fault line and it’s 6 million years old. How awesome is that?’ And I was like, ‘This is going to be a great place.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While new to California, the program was pioneered in 2012 at USGS’s main office in Reston, Virginia. It proved \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/a-grand-slam-students-schools-and-science\">so beneficial\u003c/a> to students and scientists, the agency decided to expand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Hammond, who manages the program for USGS, says he’s been amazed by what students have been able to accomplish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know much about autism before I got involved with this group,” says Hammond. “But what I’m finding is these students are tuned to very fine, unique and wonderful wavelengths. And when you get them on that wavelength, they are just incredible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922167\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922167\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30332_Kevin-Kim-USGS-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">STEP-UP alumnus Kevin Kim now works part-time for USGS in Virginia. While in the program, Kevin worked so fast, he crashed one of the agency’s email servers. \u003ccite>(Chris Hammond/USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Data entry, archiving, and digitization make up the bulk of the tasks assigned to the students. Hammond says the error rate of most people USGS hires for this type of work is around three percent. The STEP-UP cohort in Virginia averages point-three percent. The students often find mistakes in other people’s work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do things that neurotypical people just wouldn’t have the time, patience or attention to detail on,” Hammond says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>When students turn 22, they age out of STEP-UP, and many of the services offered to autistic people. So far, USGS in Virginia has hired four out of the eight students that have graduated the program as part-time employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what is the key to unlocking the potential of someone on the spectrum?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Steve Silberman got to know hundreds of young people with autism for his book \u003ca href=\"http://stevesilberman.com/book/neurotribes/\">NeuroTribes\u003c/a>. He says each one is passionate about something — whether it’s Pokemon or computer games or collecting rocks. The interests of autistic people can seem like obsessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It turns out that the obsessions or, if you will, passionate interests, of autistic people often provide the basis of a career or a pathway forward,” Silberman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traits associated with autistic people, like hyper-focus and repetitive behavior, can translate into them becoming hard-working, detail-oriented employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922173\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922173\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/RS30336_Ryan-and-Family-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janine, Ryan and Richard Karsner inside USGS offices in Menlo Park. Janine and Richard say working at the Geological Survey has given Ryan a new perspective on his future. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So, by supporting those interests,” says Silberman, “you actually give the person the best chance of success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vocational training programs like STEP-UP play a big role in this. They help young people with autism figure out what they like, and what they’re good at. They also teach employers the value of their skills and how to work with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the chance to put their abilities to use, autistic kids can find it difficult to transition to adulthood.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suicide is a serious problem for autistic adults because they never found a career or perhaps don’t have any way to make a meaningful contribution to society,” says Silberman. “So we’re not just talking about making people’s lives more fun or something, we’re actually talking about issues of life and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford psychiatrist Antonio Hardan has been treating autistic children and adults for over 25 years. He says there’s a growing awareness of the hidden potential of many people on the spectrum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sky’s the limit, if you find an area that matches the person’s interests,” Hardan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922178\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922178\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/Diya-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">STEP-UP student Diya Rao helps geologists measure the water content of soil. She says the best part is running the samples through the soil splitter (pictured left). \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With this this awareness comes a greater need to fund opportunities like STEP-UP. “It’s a great thing,” says Hardan. “We need more programs like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hardan says local, state and federal governments need to put more financial backing behind these resources. He’s looking to universities like Stanford to lead the way in developing programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s still too early to tell whether Ryan Karsner will have job waiting for him at the end of the STEP-UP program. Scott Bennett from USGS says he hopes they’ll be able to keep him on to finish the rock archival project, and maybe even get him out into the field to collect samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, Ryan says the experience has him rethinking what’s possible. He’s realizing he can, “be somebody that I want to be,” instead of have everyone tell him what he can’t.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1922125/students-with-autism-excel-in-working-with-data-helping-scientists","authors":["11368"],"categories":["science_32","science_40","science_3423"],"tags":["science_1947","science_3370","science_813","science_838"],"featImg":"science_1922161","label":"source_science_1922125"},"science_1920141":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1920141","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1920141","score":null,"sort":[1519263883000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-coastal-marshes-could-disappear-by-the-end-of-the-century","title":"California's Coastal Marshes Could Disappear by the End of the Century","publishDate":1519263883,"format":"image","headTitle":"California’s Coastal Marshes Could Disappear by the End of the Century | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The prognosis for California’s coastal wetlands is not good — and that has broad implications for the state’s resilience against the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/2/eaao3270\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new study\u003c/a> from the U.S. Geological Survey and the UCLA indicate that by the end of the century coastal marshlands in the Golden State could effectively be gone as a result of rising seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Flooding of the wetlands starts happening the middle of this century. We have some time to figure out solutions to these problems.’\u003ccite>Karen Thorne, USGS research ecologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The loss of marshes, which act as a sponge during storm surges, would leave cities, towns and roads in low-lying areas near the coast vulnerable to flooding. Wetlands also clean water as it flows from the land toward the sea, purify air and absorb carbon. They’re also, if healthy, incredibly rich in life, hosting fish, birds and are dominated by plants such as grasses, rushes and reeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Demise Not Guaranteed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet loss of landscapes such as the Bolinas Lagoon or the marsh that follows the Petaluma River into San Pablo Bay is not inevitable. Researchers evaluated three sea level rise scenarios. In the most optimistic, least-rise projection, wetlands will be able to hold on through the end of the century. In the mid- and severe-level projections, they will be gone by 2100 and will start disappearing mid-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920146\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1920146\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-1020x590.jpg\" alt=\"A marshland.\" width=\"640\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-1020x590.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-160x93.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-800x463.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-768x444.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-1920x1110.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-1180x682.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-960x555.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-240x139.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-375x217.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-520x301.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794.jpg 1951w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North end of Marin County’s Bolinas Lagoon from California Highway 1. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bolinas_Lagoon_2794.jpg\">Stepheng3\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I have found that when you present these types of results, you know they can be sort of daunting and paralyzing,” says Karen Thorne, USGS research ecologist and co-author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”uj2MFSG6H64rH9Gkr5c4TmRJ6F2OVTBS”]”But the flooding of the wetlands starts happening the middle of this century. And so we have some time to figure out solutions to these problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Acting to Save Wetlands\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have long been projections for West Coast sea level rise but this study takes a more fine-grained approach based on extensive field work at individual marshes. And it’s the first time that the fate of marshes from the Canadian border to Southern California have been modeled based on current sea level rise projections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that a lot of managers and decision makers on the ground needed information at a scale more relevant to them . . . at high resolution,” Thorne says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”wA5n19Q9YbjSJFtxh7W8eMel1GGlS32F”]Some wetlands managers are seeking to make room for new wetlands in upland areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea is if we expand the amount of wetland available there would be areas for it to migrate inland and provide more habitat in areas that won’t be flooded as soon,” Thorne says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/seal_beach/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a> is trying another approach. Managers are taking sediment dredged from the local bay and applying it to the wetland to artificially increase its elevation and maintain it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIuOmqrM794&\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016 voters in nine Bay Area counties voted to increase property taxes to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/09/measure-aa-asks-bay-area-residents-to-help-protect-against-sea-level-rise/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fund the restoration of thousands of acres of wetlands\u003c/a> in the Bay. This could help compensate for some of the loss due to sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco is sort of leading the charge on what to do about this,” says Thorne. “That’s important because we still have some time to prevent loss.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"New study indicates California's coastal marshes will be submerged under rising seas -- but scientists say we still have time to act.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928187,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":584},"headData":{"title":"California's Coastal Marshes Could Disappear by the End of the Century | KQED","description":"New study indicates California's coastal marshes will be submerged under rising seas -- but scientists say we still have time to act.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1920141/californias-coastal-marshes-could-disappear-by-the-end-of-the-century","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The prognosis for California’s coastal wetlands is not good — and that has broad implications for the state’s resilience against the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/2/eaao3270\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new study\u003c/a> from the U.S. Geological Survey and the UCLA indicate that by the end of the century coastal marshlands in the Golden State could effectively be gone as a result of rising seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Flooding of the wetlands starts happening the middle of this century. We have some time to figure out solutions to these problems.’\u003ccite>Karen Thorne, USGS research ecologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The loss of marshes, which act as a sponge during storm surges, would leave cities, towns and roads in low-lying areas near the coast vulnerable to flooding. Wetlands also clean water as it flows from the land toward the sea, purify air and absorb carbon. They’re also, if healthy, incredibly rich in life, hosting fish, birds and are dominated by plants such as grasses, rushes and reeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Demise Not Guaranteed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet loss of landscapes such as the Bolinas Lagoon or the marsh that follows the Petaluma River into San Pablo Bay is not inevitable. Researchers evaluated three sea level rise scenarios. In the most optimistic, least-rise projection, wetlands will be able to hold on through the end of the century. In the mid- and severe-level projections, they will be gone by 2100 and will start disappearing mid-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1920146\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1920146\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-1020x590.jpg\" alt=\"A marshland.\" width=\"640\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-1020x590.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-160x93.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-800x463.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-768x444.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-1920x1110.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-1180x682.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-960x555.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-240x139.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-375x217.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794-520x301.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/Bolinas_Lagoon_2794.jpg 1951w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North end of Marin County’s Bolinas Lagoon from California Highway 1. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bolinas_Lagoon_2794.jpg\">Stepheng3\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I have found that when you present these types of results, you know they can be sort of daunting and paralyzing,” says Karen Thorne, USGS research ecologist and co-author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”But the flooding of the wetlands starts happening the middle of this century. And so we have some time to figure out solutions to these problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Acting to Save Wetlands\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have long been projections for West Coast sea level rise but this study takes a more fine-grained approach based on extensive field work at individual marshes. And it’s the first time that the fate of marshes from the Canadian border to Southern California have been modeled based on current sea level rise projections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that a lot of managers and decision makers on the ground needed information at a scale more relevant to them . . . at high resolution,” Thorne says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Some wetlands managers are seeking to make room for new wetlands in upland areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea is if we expand the amount of wetland available there would be areas for it to migrate inland and provide more habitat in areas that won’t be flooded as soon,” Thorne says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/seal_beach/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a> is trying another approach. Managers are taking sediment dredged from the local bay and applying it to the wetland to artificially increase its elevation and maintain it.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/xIuOmqrM794'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/xIuOmqrM794'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2016 voters in nine Bay Area counties voted to increase property taxes to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/09/measure-aa-asks-bay-area-residents-to-help-protect-against-sea-level-rise/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fund the restoration of thousands of acres of wetlands\u003c/a> in the Bay. This could help compensate for some of the loss due to sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco is sort of leading the charge on what to do about this,” says Thorne. “That’s important because we still have some time to prevent loss.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1920141/californias-coastal-marshes-could-disappear-by-the-end-of-the-century","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_35","science_2873"],"tags":["science_3370","science_813","science_838","science_207"],"featImg":"science_1920142","label":"science"},"science_1365412":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1365412","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1365412","score":null,"sort":[1486396844000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"with-dam-gone-california-river-comes-back-to-life","title":"With Dam Gone, California River Comes Back to Life","publishDate":1486396844,"format":"standard","headTitle":"With Dam Gone, California River Comes Back to Life | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>ommy Williams—a fisheries biologist whose enthusiasm bubbles forth so swiftly, he’s often interrupting himself mid-sentence—is pacing on the banks of the Carmel River. “Amazing,” he says, snapping pictures of newly formed sandbanks and twigs wedged in between white alder, black cottonwood and willow trunks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the trees or twigs that delight him. It’s the thundering flow of a river that has been dammed for the last 94 years—and the sediment (dirt and rocks) that are pushing everything downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1371003\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 410px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1371003 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"San Clemente Dam_historic\" width=\"410\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the San Clemente Dam, before it was torn down in 2015. \u003ccite>(California American Water)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These trees have been growing in a place that haven’t had this kind of sediment flow here for 100 years,” says Williams, who works in the Santa Cruz office for \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NOAA Fisheries\u003c/a>. “This is rocking their world right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams doesn’t even mind that recent high flows have stripped out some of the tree tags he’d tied to branches along the river’s edge to mark fish survey spots. NOAA’s collaborating agency, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USGS\u003c/a>, has also lost several rebar survey markers (which designate geological study areas) to the floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Carmel River flows in January were the highest they’ve been since 1998. That’s due to winter storms which soaked the Carmel Basin with 25 inches of rain since the first of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its peak, the river water was rushing by at about 75,000 gallons a second. That’s 4.5 million gallons every minute, roughly enough water to fill six Olympic-size swimming pools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water sent boulders and broken tree branches crashing onto a service road alongside the river. By mid-January, it became impassable.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4 style=\"text-align: center\">Carmel River Flows\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1382063\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1150px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1382063\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows.jpg\" alt=\"In January 2017, Carmel River flows were the highest they’ve been since 1998.\" width=\"1150\" height=\"730\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows.jpg 1150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-800x508.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-768x488.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-1020x647.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-960x609.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-240x152.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-375x238.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-520x330.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1150px) 100vw, 1150px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In January 2017, Carmel River flows were the highest they’ve been since 1998. \u003ccite>(USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of messy,” says Williams. “But messy is okay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, “messy” is crucial. The roots of upturned trees capture gravel, which provides essential spawning ground for federally protected steelhead trout. The back eddies and side channels next to the unearthed trees give fish a place to hide from predators like kingfishers and garter snakes. Or rest, as they make their long trek up river to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tearing Down a Relic, Restoring a River\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The river hasn’t been this messy since Woodrow Wilson was president. All that debris used to be trapped behind the San Clemente Dam, a concrete behemoth built in 1921 that became choked with silt and was eventually declared seismically unsafe in 1991. The dam crossed where the Carmel River and the San Clemente Creek naturally converged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Clemente Dam stopped supplying water to Monterey residents in 2002, when it was 90 percent full of silt and there was only a sliver of storage capacity left for water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cranes and bulldozers chipped away at it, demolishing the dam in 2015 after state and federal agencies decided it was too hazardous. If it were flooded or if an earthquake struck, up to 250,000 dump trucks worth of sediment could spew forth, suffocating anything living in the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1375780\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop.jpg\" alt=\"Dam_desktop\" width=\"1334\" height=\"1075\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop.jpg 1334w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-160x129.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-800x645.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-768x619.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-1020x822.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-1180x951.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-960x774.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-240x193.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-375x302.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-520x419.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1334px) 100vw, 1334px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1375781\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_mobile.jpg\" alt=\"Dam_mobile\" width=\"752\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_mobile.jpg 752w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_mobile-160x284.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_mobile-240x426.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_mobile-375x666.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_mobile-520x923.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 752px) 100vw, 752px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project involved a major river reroute—getting half a mile of the Carmel to flow into an adjacent stream: San Clemente Creek. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This allowed engineers to stabilize the built-up sediment behind the dam and cover it with grass and tree saplings.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trish Chapman, regional manager for the \u003ca href=\"http://scc.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California State Coastal Conservancy\u003c/a>, says the removal “seemed so much smarter than just slapping more concrete on a dam that no longer had any function.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://amwater.com/caaw/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California American Water Company\u003c/a>, the agency that owns the dam, could have retrofitted the structure for $49 million, which still would have presented problems as the dam weakened and aged. So for $84 million, the company tore it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Expanding Habitat for Steelhead to Spawn\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the Carmel River is flowing freely again, carrying sediment downstream that was trapped behind the 106-foot wall for almost a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1382193\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 343px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1382193\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout.jpg\" alt=\"Steelhead trout live in the Carmel River.\" width=\"343\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steelhead trout live in the Carmel River. \u003ccite>(The National Park Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Did I ever think we’d see dams coming down? Not really,” says Williams. The biologist is also involved in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/24/removal-of-klamath-dams-would-be-largest-river-restoration-in-u-s-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">planned removal of four hydroelectric dams\u003c/a> on the Klamath River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it’s a pretty exciting time,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exciting and historic. The San Clemente deconstruction was the largest dam removal in state history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demolition of the dam opened 25 miles of upstream tributaries and creeks so that endangered steelhead can start to make their way up river to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The old dam impeded the fish’s migration to and from the ocean. There was a fish ladder, but it was the steepest fish ladder in western North America. Over time, the steelhead population dwindled from 1,350 in 1965 to 249 in 2013, the year the dam closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2016, the California State Coastal Conservancy was already seeing initial signs of recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1375543\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2272px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1375543\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo.jpg\" alt=\"Fisheries biologist Tommy Williams scans a juvenile steelhead trout for a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag. PIT tags uniquely identify the fish and in mark-and-recapture studies, they allow scientists to estimate fish survival rates and population size.\" width=\"2272\" height=\"1704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo.jpg 2272w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2272px) 100vw, 2272px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fisheries biologist Tommy Williams scans a juvenile steelhead trout for a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag. PIT tags uniquely identify each fish. \u003ccite>(NOAA Fisheries)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trish Chapman says fisheries biologists surveyed a “reach,” or section of the river they’d restored, and discovered steelhead nests above where the dam had been, evidence that the fish were making it past the old dam site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Finding out last year that fish had made it up above the reach that we worked on… that was pretty exciting,” says Chapman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says it will take years, maybe decades, before the biologists know whether the river has fully repaired itself and the fish are coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me, extinction is not an option here,” says Williams. “We have to say, ‘what would we do to try to keep these fish around?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, that means allowing the river to run its course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, Williams and his team will return to tag and measure fish after the roaring rush of the river—fueled by winter rains—has finally slowed to a crawl.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After nearly 100 years, the Carmel River runs unobstructed again and set a record for high flow levels in January.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929113,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1105},"headData":{"title":"With Dam Gone, California River Comes Back to Life | KQED","description":"After nearly 100 years, the Carmel River runs unobstructed again and set a record for high flow levels in January.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1365412/with-dam-gone-california-river-comes-back-to-life","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>ommy Williams—a fisheries biologist whose enthusiasm bubbles forth so swiftly, he’s often interrupting himself mid-sentence—is pacing on the banks of the Carmel River. “Amazing,” he says, snapping pictures of newly formed sandbanks and twigs wedged in between white alder, black cottonwood and willow trunks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the trees or twigs that delight him. It’s the thundering flow of a river that has been dammed for the last 94 years—and the sediment (dirt and rocks) that are pushing everything downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1371003\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 410px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1371003 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"San Clemente Dam_historic\" width=\"410\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/San-Clemente-Dam_historic-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the San Clemente Dam, before it was torn down in 2015. \u003ccite>(California American Water)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These trees have been growing in a place that haven’t had this kind of sediment flow here for 100 years,” says Williams, who works in the Santa Cruz office for \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NOAA Fisheries\u003c/a>. “This is rocking their world right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams doesn’t even mind that recent high flows have stripped out some of the tree tags he’d tied to branches along the river’s edge to mark fish survey spots. NOAA’s collaborating agency, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USGS\u003c/a>, has also lost several rebar survey markers (which designate geological study areas) to the floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Carmel River flows in January were the highest they’ve been since 1998. That’s due to winter storms which soaked the Carmel Basin with 25 inches of rain since the first of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its peak, the river water was rushing by at about 75,000 gallons a second. That’s 4.5 million gallons every minute, roughly enough water to fill six Olympic-size swimming pools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water sent boulders and broken tree branches crashing onto a service road alongside the river. By mid-January, it became impassable.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4 style=\"text-align: center\">Carmel River Flows\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1382063\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1150px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1382063\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows.jpg\" alt=\"In January 2017, Carmel River flows were the highest they’ve been since 1998.\" width=\"1150\" height=\"730\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows.jpg 1150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-800x508.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-768x488.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-1020x647.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-960x609.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-240x152.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-375x238.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/USGS_graph_Carmel_River_Flows-520x330.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1150px) 100vw, 1150px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In January 2017, Carmel River flows were the highest they’ve been since 1998. \u003ccite>(USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of messy,” says Williams. “But messy is okay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, “messy” is crucial. The roots of upturned trees capture gravel, which provides essential spawning ground for federally protected steelhead trout. The back eddies and side channels next to the unearthed trees give fish a place to hide from predators like kingfishers and garter snakes. Or rest, as they make their long trek up river to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tearing Down a Relic, Restoring a River\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The river hasn’t been this messy since Woodrow Wilson was president. All that debris used to be trapped behind the San Clemente Dam, a concrete behemoth built in 1921 that became choked with silt and was eventually declared seismically unsafe in 1991. The dam crossed where the Carmel River and the San Clemente Creek naturally converged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Clemente Dam stopped supplying water to Monterey residents in 2002, when it was 90 percent full of silt and there was only a sliver of storage capacity left for water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cranes and bulldozers chipped away at it, demolishing the dam in 2015 after state and federal agencies decided it was too hazardous. If it were flooded or if an earthquake struck, up to 250,000 dump trucks worth of sediment could spew forth, suffocating anything living in the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1375780\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop.jpg\" alt=\"Dam_desktop\" width=\"1334\" height=\"1075\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop.jpg 1334w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-160x129.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-800x645.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-768x619.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-1020x822.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-1180x951.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-960x774.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-240x193.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-375x302.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_desktop-520x419.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1334px) 100vw, 1334px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1375781\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_mobile.jpg\" alt=\"Dam_mobile\" width=\"752\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_mobile.jpg 752w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_mobile-160x284.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_mobile-240x426.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_mobile-375x666.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Dam_mobile-520x923.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 752px) 100vw, 752px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project involved a major river reroute—getting half a mile of the Carmel to flow into an adjacent stream: San Clemente Creek. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This allowed engineers to stabilize the built-up sediment behind the dam and cover it with grass and tree saplings.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trish Chapman, regional manager for the \u003ca href=\"http://scc.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California State Coastal Conservancy\u003c/a>, says the removal “seemed so much smarter than just slapping more concrete on a dam that no longer had any function.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://amwater.com/caaw/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California American Water Company\u003c/a>, the agency that owns the dam, could have retrofitted the structure for $49 million, which still would have presented problems as the dam weakened and aged. So for $84 million, the company tore it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Expanding Habitat for Steelhead to Spawn\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the Carmel River is flowing freely again, carrying sediment downstream that was trapped behind the 106-foot wall for almost a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1382193\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 343px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1382193\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout.jpg\" alt=\"Steelhead trout live in the Carmel River.\" width=\"343\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Steelhead_trout-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steelhead trout live in the Carmel River. \u003ccite>(The National Park Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Did I ever think we’d see dams coming down? Not really,” says Williams. The biologist is also involved in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/24/removal-of-klamath-dams-would-be-largest-river-restoration-in-u-s-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">planned removal of four hydroelectric dams\u003c/a> on the Klamath River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it’s a pretty exciting time,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exciting and historic. The San Clemente deconstruction was the largest dam removal in state history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demolition of the dam opened 25 miles of upstream tributaries and creeks so that endangered steelhead can start to make their way up river to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The old dam impeded the fish’s migration to and from the ocean. There was a fish ladder, but it was the steepest fish ladder in western North America. Over time, the steelhead population dwindled from 1,350 in 1965 to 249 in 2013, the year the dam closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2016, the California State Coastal Conservancy was already seeing initial signs of recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1375543\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2272px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1375543\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo.jpg\" alt=\"Fisheries biologist Tommy Williams scans a juvenile steelhead trout for a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag. PIT tags uniquely identify the fish and in mark-and-recapture studies, they allow scientists to estimate fish survival rates and population size.\" width=\"2272\" height=\"1704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo.jpg 2272w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Tommy-Williams_photo-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2272px) 100vw, 2272px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fisheries biologist Tommy Williams scans a juvenile steelhead trout for a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag. PIT tags uniquely identify each fish. \u003ccite>(NOAA Fisheries)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trish Chapman says fisheries biologists surveyed a “reach,” or section of the river they’d restored, and discovered steelhead nests above where the dam had been, evidence that the fish were making it past the old dam site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Finding out last year that fish had made it up above the reach that we worked on… that was pretty exciting,” says Chapman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says it will take years, maybe decades, before the biologists know whether the river has fully repaired itself and the fish are coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me, extinction is not an option here,” says Williams. “We have to say, ‘what would we do to try to keep these fish around?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, that means allowing the river to run its course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, Williams and his team will return to tag and measure fish after the roaring rush of the river—fueled by winter rains—has finally slowed to a crawl.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1365412/with-dam-gone-california-river-comes-back-to-life","authors":["5432"],"categories":["science_2874","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_5182","science_838"],"featImg":"science_1382175","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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