Saving Salmon: Chinook Return to California's Far North — With a Lot of Human Help
Future of Raising Shasta Dam Uncertain
Shasta Dam Expansion: California, Conservation Groups Sue Water District Over Plan
Shasta Dam Project Sets Up Another Trump-California Showdown
Northern California Tribe Treks 300 Miles to Save Its Salmon
Raising Shasta Dam and the Flooding of a "Cathedral"
Is Raising Shasta Dam the Best Bet for California’s Water Supply?
Should California’s Biggest Reservoir Be Even Bigger?
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Kevin joined KQED in 2019, and has covered issues related to energy, wildfire, climate change and the environment.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"starkkev","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Kevin Stark | KQED","description":"Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kevinstark"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1981041":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1981041","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1981041","score":null,"sort":[1671562594000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"saving-salmon-chinook-return-to-californias-far-north-with-a-lot-of-human-help","title":"Saving Salmon: Chinook Return to California's Far North — With a Lot of Human Help","publishDate":1671562594,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Saving Salmon: Chinook Return to California’s Far North — With a Lot of Human Help | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Chinook salmon haven’t spawned in the McCloud River for more than 80 years. But last summer, thousands of juveniles were born in the waters of this remote tributary, miles upstream of Shasta Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young Chinook salmon — some now finger-sized smolts in mid-migration toward the Pacific Ocean — are part of a state and federal experiment that could help make the McCloud a salmon river once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter-run Chinook were federally listed as endangered in 1994, but recent years have been especially hard for the fish. Facing severe drought and warm river conditions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/doug-obegi/agencies-planning-disaster-ca-salmon-if-2022-dry\">most winter-run salmon born naturally in the Sacramento River have perished\u003c/a> over the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So restoring Chinook to the McCloud has become an urgent priority for state and federal officials. In the first year of a drought-response project, about 40,000 salmon eggs were brought back to the McCloud, a picturesque river in the wilderness of the Cascade mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iconic in Northern California, Chinook salmon are critical pieces of the region’s environment. They are consumed by sea lions, orcas and bears, and they still support a commercial fishing industry. Chinook remain vital to the culture and traditional foods of Native Americans, including the Winnemem Wintu Tribe, whose historical salmon fishing grounds include the McCloud River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation experts say the McCloud’s cold, clean water holds great promise as a potential Chinook refuge — and is perhaps even a future stronghold for the species. Restoring salmon there is considered critical to the species’ survival, since they now spawn only in low-lying parts of the Central Valley near Redding and Red Bluff, where it’s often too hot and dry for most newborn fish to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We probably won’t be able to maintain winter-run Chinook on the valley floor forever,” said Matt Johnson, senior environmental scientist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981043\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981043\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-01-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Photo shows two hatchery juveniles (with copper tails) that were used to test efficiency of the trapping system and two that spent their early lives imprinting on McCloud River water. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-01-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-01-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-01.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson of the state Department of Fish and Wildlife measures four winter-run Chinook salmon as part of a trial to estimate the species’ production and survival. \u003ccite>(Eric Holmes/UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson spent much of the past five months camped beside the incubation site on the lower McCloud River, guarding the eggs and emerging fry and overseeing the experiment, which is a \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/News/partners-return-winter-run-chinook-salmon-eggs-to-mccloud-river\">collaboration between his agency, the National Marine Fisheries Service (also known as NOAA Fisheries), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Winnemem Wintu Tribe\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, biologists say, the project has gone well. About 90% of the eggs hatched, and the young fish reportedly have thrived in the McCloud, growing faster than hatchery fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent rainstorms have boosted \u003ca href=\"https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/11377100/#parameterCode=00060&period=P7D\">river flows\u003c/a>, which may increase the odds that salmon will reach the ocean this year, escaping the dangerous water pumps and predators of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is the first step in a long-term plan that may involve capturing adult winter-run Chinook in the lower Sacramento and transporting them to the McCloud to spawn. It’s a difficult and risky venture for the fish but it may be the best shot the species has at survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The winter run is headed for extinction, no question, if we don’t develop an artificial system for keeping it going,” said Peter Moyle, a fish biologist at UC Davis who has studied Central Valley fish since the 1970s. He co-authored a \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/SOS-II-Fish-in-Hot-Water-Report.pdf\">report warning that many of California’s native salmon and trout are likely to vanish this century (PDF)\u003c/a> as the environment warms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A genetically unique run of salmon, winter-run Chinook once spawned in the McCloud in great numbers, along with other seasonal runs of the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Peter Moyle, fish biologist, UC Davis']‘The winter run is headed for extinction, no question, if we don’t develop an artificial system for keeping it going.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the Central Valley’s river system, which includes the McCloud River, marks the southern limit of the Chinook’s range, it was once their stronghold. \u003ca href=\"https://cws.ucdavis.edu/library/historical-abundance-and-decline-chinook-salmon-central-valley-region-california\">Between 1 and 2 million fish\u003c/a>, some weighing 50 pounds or more, spawned in the tributaries of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers each year before the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fish have dwindled to a fraction of their historic abundance. \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=84381&inline\">Spawning numbers of winter-run Chinook\u003c/a> dropped to fewer than 200 in the early 1990s. They’ve rebounded, but their future remains in doubt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McCloud — a state-designated wild and scenic river — used to offer prime habitat, with deep gravel beds for egg-laying and year-round flows of clean, cold water from Mount Shasta. Construction of Shasta Dam in the 1940s — and Keswick Dam shortly after — changed all this by \u003ca href=\"https://noaa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=ceebefd9685143daa5bf30d5a7e0c7fa\">locking ocean-run salmon out of some 500 miles of productive high-elevation habitat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The salmon became confined instead to the lower reaches of the Sacramento River system, where they did not previously spawn. Blazing temperatures in the summer — when the winter-run fish lay and fertilize their eggs near Redding and Red Bluff — have made it difficult for salmon to thrive. Chinook, especially in their early life stages, are sensitive to high temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only with the support of hatcheries have California salmon remained abundant enough to be fished.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>River habitat for winter-run Chinook salmon has shrunk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Juvenile Chinook salmon born in the McCloud River once migrated downstream, into the Sacramento River and out to the Pacific Ocean. Today, about 80% of the salmon’s historical river habitat is behind dams, which prevents the adult fish from swimming upstream to spawn. The state is mounting an experiment to return them to the McCloud River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981045\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 740px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1981045 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/download-11.png\" alt=\"Color coded map of river habitat for winter-run chinook salmon.\" width=\"740\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/download-11.png 740w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/download-11-160x121.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of river habitat for winter-run Chinook salmon. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For decades, fishing groups, agencies and Winnemem Wintu tribal leaders have pondered the possibility of reintroducing salmon into the McCloud. Finally, last spring and summer, after two poor spawning years in a row — and with a third one looking likely — federal and state agencies took action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year “temperature modeling going into the winter-run spawning season showed a lot of uncertainty — basically a 50-50 chance of being able to maintain suitable temperatures for winter-run eggs to develop in the river,” said Johnson of the Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A bumpy trip for precious salmon eggs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Because winter-run Chinook are listed as endangered, fishery agencies are scrambling to save the fish. Last spring they transported about three dozen adult winter-run Chinook trapped at the base of Keswick Dam, just north of Redding, about 50 miles southeast to the north fork of Battle Creek, a tributary near Red Bluff where waters typically run cool and clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also launched a more complicated effort: They took winter-run Chinook eggs from adult fish at a federal salmon hatchery and transported them up and over Shasta Dam to a remote national forest campground next to the McCloud River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They came in two batches of 20,000 — the first by truck on a bumpy, 80-mile ride. A helicopter delivered the second clutch. “We wanted to make sure the transportation phase went smoothly,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fertilized eggs were incubated in protective cages submerged in river water for weeks. The scientists even placed an electrified barrier around the eggs to protect them from foraging black bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981046\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1981046 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-003-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Rachel Johnson of NOAA Fisheries and state biologists Sam Funakoshi and Ross Schaefer check a trap for winter-run Chinook salmon that will be transported downstream of Keswick Dam to help them migrate to the ocean.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-003-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-003-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-003-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-003-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-003.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rachel Johnson of NOAA Fisheries and state biologists Sam Funakoshi and Ross Schaefer check a trap for winter-run Chinook salmon that will be transported downstream of Keswick Dam to help them migrate to the ocean. \u003ccite>(Carson Jeffres/UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of the 40,000 eggs, Johnson said, about 36,000 emerged as fry. In late summer, the biologists released them into the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists wanted the fish to spend time in McCloud, both to utilize its invertebrate food sources and to undergo the olfactory imprinting process that enables migrating adult salmon to find their birth streams years later. Indeed, it is this process that gives salmon their remarkable homing powers and would truly make these fish McCloud River salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an undisturbed ecosystem, the fish in the river would simply swim downstream, through San Francisco Bay, and out into the ocean. But this unique scenario, where a dam and reservoir block their migration, called on a different approach that required human help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal scientists had to recapture the salmon and release them into the lower Sacramento River. The Fish and Wildlife team placed several traps on the McCloud about 20 miles below the release site and managed to capture 1,600 of them. They then drove the fish downstream and released them into the Sacramento River. If all goes well, some of the young salmon will return from the ocean in two to four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agencies plan to repeat the project next year, transporting more Chinook eggs up to the McCloud and again hauling the young fish back downstream. “We intend to do it again, and do it better,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To improve the program’s effectiveness, scientists are now addressing some unanswered questions from the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/contact/rachel-johnson-phd\">Rachel Johnson\u003c/a>, a biologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Southwest Fisheries Science Center, wants to know how many of the salmon released at the incubation site made it as far downstream as the fish trap array. This will reveal the survival rate of the released fish and help Johnson and her colleagues better understand the quality of the McCloud’s habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, she is studying data on daily river flow rates and capture rates in the traps, then combining this information with the known effectiveness of the types of gear they used. That, she said, would “give us the number that swam past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From what they already know about the size of the fish upon recapture, it’s looking good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fish in the McCloud were 30 to 40% larger than the average winter-run fish that were being caught at the Red Bluff Diversion Dam,” she said, referring to a structure downstream of Shasta.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A gem in ‘a string of pearls’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A great deal of work has already been done to help Sacramento River salmon. State agencies and conservation groups have \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2018/12/restoring-floodplains-reversal-california-central-valley/\">restored floodplains\u003c/a> and side channels, where slow-moving water provides young fish with abundant food and shelter from predators. This work often involves removing, or carving notches in, levees so that river water can flow over farm fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson sees this connected system of restored habitat parcels as a “string of pearls,” and says the McCloud might be one of its more valuable gems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better still, the McCloud’s geographic location at the upper end of the watershed could have a beneficial trickle-down effect through the watershed and the early life stages of Chinook, ultimately improving their lifelong survival rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can have such highly productive, good-growth habitat so high in the system, it starts the fish off in such a strong condition,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protecting areas lower in the watershed are important to Chinook, too. Research by Jacob Katz, biologist with the group California Trout, shows that floodplains restored in the lower stretches of the Sacramento watershed have helped salmon. Smolts grow faster on inundated floodplains than they do in the river’s channelized main stem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katz said reintroducing Chinook to the high-elevation spawning areas in the McCloud will complement the work he has done, and vice versa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both spawning habitat and rearing habitat are necessary, yet insufficient on their own,” he said. “We need to restore every link in the habitat chain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Ambitious future plans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The summer’s salmon relocation effort was technically not a reintroduction project but an emergency drought action required by the state and federal endangered species acts and intended to shield winter-run Chinook from drought impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, it’s likely that the McCloud effort of last summer will develop in years ahead into a full-fledged salmon reintroduction program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Randy Beckwith, head of the state Department of Water Resources’ Riverine Stewardship branch, said “the juvenile collection piece is the most difficult part” of a potential long-term McCloud River reintroduction plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1981047 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-02-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Marine Sisk, a biologist with the Winnemem Wintu tribe, measures a juvenile winter-run Chinook salmon reared in the McCloud (top) compared to a much smaller similar-age fish reared in the hatchery.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-02-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-02-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-02.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine Sisk, biologist with the Winnemem Wintu Tribe, measures a juvenile winter-run Chinook salmon reared in the McCloud (top) compared to a much smaller similar-age fish reared in the hatchery. \u003ccite>(Eric Holmes/UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the state and federal fishery scientists did their work a few miles upstream, Beckwith’s agency tested a $1.5 million contraption dubbed the Juvenile Salmonid Collection System in the narrow McCloud River arm of Lake Shasta. The setup is a floating array designed to deflect floating debris, like logs and trash, while a dangling synthetic curtain funnels the young salmon into a dead-end live trap. The trap component has not been installed yet due to regulatory constraints associated with handling endangered species, but the agency has plans to do so, possibly next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While traps of the sort already used on the McCloud are designed to catch a sample fraction of a river’s fish, the system the state is working on will hopefully catch all of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A successful McCloud River salmon reintroduction would also mean giving adult salmon access to the river. Currently, Keswick Dam, just upstream of Redding, marks the end of the line for free-swimming adult salmon. If they are to get beyond this point, fishery managers will need to do one of two things: build a stairway, called a fish ladder or fishway, which leads migrating salmon around a dam, or trap the fish and truck them upstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ladders would give the salmon autonomy to migrate on their own. But Shasta Dam is a 600-foot-high barrier, so hauling them instead would be much cheaper. It is generally considered the only feasible solution on the table, although federal officials have no firm plans to do so yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientists have questioned the effectiveness of trap-and-haul programs. In a 2017 paper, Moyle and a colleague, biologist \u003ca href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/people/robert-lusardi\">Robert Lusardi\u003c/a>, warned that \u003ca href=\"https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03632415.2017.1356124\">it can cause high mortality rates in transferred fish\u003c/a>, both adults going upstream and juveniles coming downstream. A trap-and-haul program for salmon “should proceed with extreme caution,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s another option, too. Battle Creek, which flows off Mount Lassen’s south flank, could also serve as a lifeline for winter-run Chinook. It was once an important spawning stream and, like most California rivers, is now riddled with dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike Keswick and Shasta, they are small. \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/battlecreek/status.html\">One dam was removed in 2010\u003c/a>, and Katz said there are \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/campaigns/battle-creek-dams\">plans to remove or modify the rest to provide Chinook with unassisted passage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Battle Creek offers an opportunity to have a second population of winter-run fish that doesn’t need to be trucked — a completely volitional population,” he said. “Battle Creek could be the epitome of a 21st-century reconciled watershed.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Urgently trying to help an endangered species devastated by drought, biologists hauled 40,000 eggs to the McCloud River this year, then brought the young fish back again to migrate. So far, it's gone well.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846127,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":56,"wordCount":2557},"headData":{"title":"Saving Salmon: Chinook Return to California's Far North — With a Lot of Human Help | KQED","description":"Urgently trying to help an endangered species devastated by drought, biologists hauled 40,000 eggs to the McCloud River this year, then brought the young fish back again to migrate. So far, it's gone well.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Saving Salmon: Chinook Return to California's Far North — With a Lot of Human Help","datePublished":"2022-12-20T18:56:34.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:22:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"CalMatters","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Alastair Bland","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1981041/saving-salmon-chinook-return-to-californias-far-north-with-a-lot-of-human-help","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Chinook salmon haven’t spawned in the McCloud River for more than 80 years. But last summer, thousands of juveniles were born in the waters of this remote tributary, miles upstream of Shasta Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young Chinook salmon — some now finger-sized smolts in mid-migration toward the Pacific Ocean — are part of a state and federal experiment that could help make the McCloud a salmon river once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter-run Chinook were federally listed as endangered in 1994, but recent years have been especially hard for the fish. Facing severe drought and warm river conditions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/doug-obegi/agencies-planning-disaster-ca-salmon-if-2022-dry\">most winter-run salmon born naturally in the Sacramento River have perished\u003c/a> over the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So restoring Chinook to the McCloud has become an urgent priority for state and federal officials. In the first year of a drought-response project, about 40,000 salmon eggs were brought back to the McCloud, a picturesque river in the wilderness of the Cascade mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iconic in Northern California, Chinook salmon are critical pieces of the region’s environment. They are consumed by sea lions, orcas and bears, and they still support a commercial fishing industry. Chinook remain vital to the culture and traditional foods of Native Americans, including the Winnemem Wintu Tribe, whose historical salmon fishing grounds include the McCloud River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation experts say the McCloud’s cold, clean water holds great promise as a potential Chinook refuge — and is perhaps even a future stronghold for the species. Restoring salmon there is considered critical to the species’ survival, since they now spawn only in low-lying parts of the Central Valley near Redding and Red Bluff, where it’s often too hot and dry for most newborn fish to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We probably won’t be able to maintain winter-run Chinook on the valley floor forever,” said Matt Johnson, senior environmental scientist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981043\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981043\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-01-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Photo shows two hatchery juveniles (with copper tails) that were used to test efficiency of the trapping system and two that spent their early lives imprinting on McCloud River water. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-01-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-01-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-01.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson of the state Department of Fish and Wildlife measures four winter-run Chinook salmon as part of a trial to estimate the species’ production and survival. \u003ccite>(Eric Holmes/UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson spent much of the past five months camped beside the incubation site on the lower McCloud River, guarding the eggs and emerging fry and overseeing the experiment, which is a \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/News/partners-return-winter-run-chinook-salmon-eggs-to-mccloud-river\">collaboration between his agency, the National Marine Fisheries Service (also known as NOAA Fisheries), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Winnemem Wintu Tribe\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, biologists say, the project has gone well. About 90% of the eggs hatched, and the young fish reportedly have thrived in the McCloud, growing faster than hatchery fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent rainstorms have boosted \u003ca href=\"https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/11377100/#parameterCode=00060&period=P7D\">river flows\u003c/a>, which may increase the odds that salmon will reach the ocean this year, escaping the dangerous water pumps and predators of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is the first step in a long-term plan that may involve capturing adult winter-run Chinook in the lower Sacramento and transporting them to the McCloud to spawn. It’s a difficult and risky venture for the fish but it may be the best shot the species has at survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The winter run is headed for extinction, no question, if we don’t develop an artificial system for keeping it going,” said Peter Moyle, a fish biologist at UC Davis who has studied Central Valley fish since the 1970s. He co-authored a \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/SOS-II-Fish-in-Hot-Water-Report.pdf\">report warning that many of California’s native salmon and trout are likely to vanish this century (PDF)\u003c/a> as the environment warms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A genetically unique run of salmon, winter-run Chinook once spawned in the McCloud in great numbers, along with other seasonal runs of the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The winter run is headed for extinction, no question, if we don’t develop an artificial system for keeping it going.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Peter Moyle, fish biologist, UC Davis","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the Central Valley’s river system, which includes the McCloud River, marks the southern limit of the Chinook’s range, it was once their stronghold. \u003ca href=\"https://cws.ucdavis.edu/library/historical-abundance-and-decline-chinook-salmon-central-valley-region-california\">Between 1 and 2 million fish\u003c/a>, some weighing 50 pounds or more, spawned in the tributaries of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers each year before the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fish have dwindled to a fraction of their historic abundance. \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=84381&inline\">Spawning numbers of winter-run Chinook\u003c/a> dropped to fewer than 200 in the early 1990s. They’ve rebounded, but their future remains in doubt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McCloud — a state-designated wild and scenic river — used to offer prime habitat, with deep gravel beds for egg-laying and year-round flows of clean, cold water from Mount Shasta. Construction of Shasta Dam in the 1940s — and Keswick Dam shortly after — changed all this by \u003ca href=\"https://noaa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=ceebefd9685143daa5bf30d5a7e0c7fa\">locking ocean-run salmon out of some 500 miles of productive high-elevation habitat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The salmon became confined instead to the lower reaches of the Sacramento River system, where they did not previously spawn. Blazing temperatures in the summer — when the winter-run fish lay and fertilize their eggs near Redding and Red Bluff — have made it difficult for salmon to thrive. Chinook, especially in their early life stages, are sensitive to high temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only with the support of hatcheries have California salmon remained abundant enough to be fished.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>River habitat for winter-run Chinook salmon has shrunk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Juvenile Chinook salmon born in the McCloud River once migrated downstream, into the Sacramento River and out to the Pacific Ocean. Today, about 80% of the salmon’s historical river habitat is behind dams, which prevents the adult fish from swimming upstream to spawn. The state is mounting an experiment to return them to the McCloud River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981045\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 740px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1981045 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/download-11.png\" alt=\"Color coded map of river habitat for winter-run chinook salmon.\" width=\"740\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/download-11.png 740w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/download-11-160x121.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of river habitat for winter-run Chinook salmon. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For decades, fishing groups, agencies and Winnemem Wintu tribal leaders have pondered the possibility of reintroducing salmon into the McCloud. Finally, last spring and summer, after two poor spawning years in a row — and with a third one looking likely — federal and state agencies took action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year “temperature modeling going into the winter-run spawning season showed a lot of uncertainty — basically a 50-50 chance of being able to maintain suitable temperatures for winter-run eggs to develop in the river,” said Johnson of the Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A bumpy trip for precious salmon eggs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Because winter-run Chinook are listed as endangered, fishery agencies are scrambling to save the fish. Last spring they transported about three dozen adult winter-run Chinook trapped at the base of Keswick Dam, just north of Redding, about 50 miles southeast to the north fork of Battle Creek, a tributary near Red Bluff where waters typically run cool and clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also launched a more complicated effort: They took winter-run Chinook eggs from adult fish at a federal salmon hatchery and transported them up and over Shasta Dam to a remote national forest campground next to the McCloud River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They came in two batches of 20,000 — the first by truck on a bumpy, 80-mile ride. A helicopter delivered the second clutch. “We wanted to make sure the transportation phase went smoothly,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fertilized eggs were incubated in protective cages submerged in river water for weeks. The scientists even placed an electrified barrier around the eggs to protect them from foraging black bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981046\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1981046 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-003-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Rachel Johnson of NOAA Fisheries and state biologists Sam Funakoshi and Ross Schaefer check a trap for winter-run Chinook salmon that will be transported downstream of Keswick Dam to help them migrate to the ocean.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-003-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-003-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-003-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-003-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-003.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rachel Johnson of NOAA Fisheries and state biologists Sam Funakoshi and Ross Schaefer check a trap for winter-run Chinook salmon that will be transported downstream of Keswick Dam to help them migrate to the ocean. \u003ccite>(Carson Jeffres/UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of the 40,000 eggs, Johnson said, about 36,000 emerged as fry. In late summer, the biologists released them into the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists wanted the fish to spend time in McCloud, both to utilize its invertebrate food sources and to undergo the olfactory imprinting process that enables migrating adult salmon to find their birth streams years later. Indeed, it is this process that gives salmon their remarkable homing powers and would truly make these fish McCloud River salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an undisturbed ecosystem, the fish in the river would simply swim downstream, through San Francisco Bay, and out into the ocean. But this unique scenario, where a dam and reservoir block their migration, called on a different approach that required human help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal scientists had to recapture the salmon and release them into the lower Sacramento River. The Fish and Wildlife team placed several traps on the McCloud about 20 miles below the release site and managed to capture 1,600 of them. They then drove the fish downstream and released them into the Sacramento River. If all goes well, some of the young salmon will return from the ocean in two to four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agencies plan to repeat the project next year, transporting more Chinook eggs up to the McCloud and again hauling the young fish back downstream. “We intend to do it again, and do it better,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To improve the program’s effectiveness, scientists are now addressing some unanswered questions from the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/contact/rachel-johnson-phd\">Rachel Johnson\u003c/a>, a biologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Southwest Fisheries Science Center, wants to know how many of the salmon released at the incubation site made it as far downstream as the fish trap array. This will reveal the survival rate of the released fish and help Johnson and her colleagues better understand the quality of the McCloud’s habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, she is studying data on daily river flow rates and capture rates in the traps, then combining this information with the known effectiveness of the types of gear they used. That, she said, would “give us the number that swam past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From what they already know about the size of the fish upon recapture, it’s looking good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fish in the McCloud were 30 to 40% larger than the average winter-run fish that were being caught at the Red Bluff Diversion Dam,” she said, referring to a structure downstream of Shasta.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A gem in ‘a string of pearls’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A great deal of work has already been done to help Sacramento River salmon. State agencies and conservation groups have \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2018/12/restoring-floodplains-reversal-california-central-valley/\">restored floodplains\u003c/a> and side channels, where slow-moving water provides young fish with abundant food and shelter from predators. This work often involves removing, or carving notches in, levees so that river water can flow over farm fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson sees this connected system of restored habitat parcels as a “string of pearls,” and says the McCloud might be one of its more valuable gems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Better still, the McCloud’s geographic location at the upper end of the watershed could have a beneficial trickle-down effect through the watershed and the early life stages of Chinook, ultimately improving their lifelong survival rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can have such highly productive, good-growth habitat so high in the system, it starts the fish off in such a strong condition,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protecting areas lower in the watershed are important to Chinook, too. Research by Jacob Katz, biologist with the group California Trout, shows that floodplains restored in the lower stretches of the Sacramento watershed have helped salmon. Smolts grow faster on inundated floodplains than they do in the river’s channelized main stem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katz said reintroducing Chinook to the high-elevation spawning areas in the McCloud will complement the work he has done, and vice versa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both spawning habitat and rearing habitat are necessary, yet insufficient on their own,” he said. “We need to restore every link in the habitat chain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Ambitious future plans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The summer’s salmon relocation effort was technically not a reintroduction project but an emergency drought action required by the state and federal endangered species acts and intended to shield winter-run Chinook from drought impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, it’s likely that the McCloud effort of last summer will develop in years ahead into a full-fledged salmon reintroduction program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Randy Beckwith, head of the state Department of Water Resources’ Riverine Stewardship branch, said “the juvenile collection piece is the most difficult part” of a potential long-term McCloud River reintroduction plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1981047 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-02-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Marine Sisk, a biologist with the Winnemem Wintu tribe, measures a juvenile winter-run Chinook salmon reared in the McCloud (top) compared to a much smaller similar-age fish reared in the hatchery.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-02-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-02-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/121222-Hatchery-Fish-CM-02.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine Sisk, biologist with the Winnemem Wintu Tribe, measures a juvenile winter-run Chinook salmon reared in the McCloud (top) compared to a much smaller similar-age fish reared in the hatchery. \u003ccite>(Eric Holmes/UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the state and federal fishery scientists did their work a few miles upstream, Beckwith’s agency tested a $1.5 million contraption dubbed the Juvenile Salmonid Collection System in the narrow McCloud River arm of Lake Shasta. The setup is a floating array designed to deflect floating debris, like logs and trash, while a dangling synthetic curtain funnels the young salmon into a dead-end live trap. The trap component has not been installed yet due to regulatory constraints associated with handling endangered species, but the agency has plans to do so, possibly next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While traps of the sort already used on the McCloud are designed to catch a sample fraction of a river’s fish, the system the state is working on will hopefully catch all of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A successful McCloud River salmon reintroduction would also mean giving adult salmon access to the river. Currently, Keswick Dam, just upstream of Redding, marks the end of the line for free-swimming adult salmon. If they are to get beyond this point, fishery managers will need to do one of two things: build a stairway, called a fish ladder or fishway, which leads migrating salmon around a dam, or trap the fish and truck them upstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ladders would give the salmon autonomy to migrate on their own. But Shasta Dam is a 600-foot-high barrier, so hauling them instead would be much cheaper. It is generally considered the only feasible solution on the table, although federal officials have no firm plans to do so yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientists have questioned the effectiveness of trap-and-haul programs. In a 2017 paper, Moyle and a colleague, biologist \u003ca href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/people/robert-lusardi\">Robert Lusardi\u003c/a>, warned that \u003ca href=\"https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03632415.2017.1356124\">it can cause high mortality rates in transferred fish\u003c/a>, both adults going upstream and juveniles coming downstream. A trap-and-haul program for salmon “should proceed with extreme caution,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s another option, too. Battle Creek, which flows off Mount Lassen’s south flank, could also serve as a lifeline for winter-run Chinook. It was once an important spawning stream and, like most California rivers, is now riddled with dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike Keswick and Shasta, they are small. \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/battlecreek/status.html\">One dam was removed in 2010\u003c/a>, and Katz said there are \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/campaigns/battle-creek-dams\">plans to remove or modify the rest to provide Chinook with unassisted passage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Battle Creek offers an opportunity to have a second population of winter-run fish that doesn’t need to be trucked — a completely volitional population,” he said. “Battle Creek could be the epitome of a 21st-century reconciled watershed.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1981041/saving-salmon-chinook-return-to-californias-far-north-with-a-lot-of-human-help","authors":["byline_science_1981041"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_35","science_40","science_2873","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194","science_192","science_4414","science_248","science_1275","science_463"],"featImg":"science_1981049","label":"source_science_1981041"},"science_1948387":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1948387","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1948387","score":null,"sort":[1570039285000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"future-of-raising-shasta-dam-uncertain","title":"Future of Raising Shasta Dam Uncertain","publishDate":1570039285,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Future of Raising Shasta Dam Uncertain | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Westlands Water District \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://wwd.ca.gov/wwd-media/press-release-24/\">announced\u003c/a> this week that i\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">t’s spiking a study \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">on the potential effects of\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">raising the height of Shasta Dam. That’s because the district couldn’t meet \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the federal Bureau of Reclamation’s deadline for the study.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The announcement throws into question the future of elevating the dam and follows the Fresno-based irrigation district’s losses in court fights with California and environmental groups over the legality of the project. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Redding Record Searchlight \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2019/09/30/westlands-water-district-stops-work-shasta-dam-study-after-court-loss/3826124002/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reports\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that the feds were looking for partners to help pay to raise the dam 18.5 feet higher at a cost of $1.4 billion. Westlands was the only agency that had indicated interest in working with the bureau.\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Below is a good \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/newsom-and-the-ncaa-shasta-water-project-delay-officials-cash-in-on-legal-weed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">summary\u003c/a> of the story from Calmatters’ Dan Morain …\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA plan to enlarge Lake Shasta \u003c/strong>to provide more water for Central Valley farms was dealt a significant setback Monday when one of the main advocates halted plans to study the project’s environmental impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s complicated: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation\u003c/strong> under the Trump administration dusted off plans to raise the height of Shasta Dam by 18.5 feet, a $1.4 billion project.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>That would increase\u003c/strong> Shasta reservoir’s capacity and make more water available, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/28/climate/bernhardt-shasta-dam.html\">detailed by The New York Times.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Uncle Sam expects\u003c/strong> a matching commitment from California.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>The state itself \u003c/strong>opposes the project, but not the Westlands Water District, which provides water to farms in Fresno and Kings counties.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enlarging Lake Shasta \u003c/strong>could damage the McCloud River, which flows into Shasta. State law protects the McLoud as a wild and scenic river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Westlands decided\u003c/strong> to embark on an environmental impact report to test whether the project would, in fact, damage the McLoud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003c/strong>sued to block Westlands from undertaking that report. \u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2019/09/30/westlands-water-district-stops-work-shasta-dam-study-after-court-loss/3826124002/\">Westlands lost in the courts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Monday, \u003c/strong>Westlands General Manager Tom Birmingham told me Westlands had no choice but to drop plans to complete the environmental impact report. Westlands could conduct a different type of analysis, but that will delay the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Birmingham: \u003c/strong>“It certainly has created a lot of uncertainty. How it will affect the Bureau of Reclamation, I don’t know.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The federal official\u003c/strong> overseeing the project did not respond Calmatter’s call.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Here is previous \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/shasta-dam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED coverage\u003c/a> going back to 2013 on the proposed project,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The federal government was looking for a partner to help pay to raise the dam 18.5 feet higher at a cost of $1.4 billion. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848271,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":428},"headData":{"title":"Future of Raising Shasta Dam Uncertain | KQED","description":"The federal government was looking for a partner to help pay to raise the dam 18.5 feet higher at a cost of $1.4 billion. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Future of Raising Shasta Dam Uncertain","datePublished":"2019-10-02T18:01:25.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:57:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1948387/future-of-raising-shasta-dam-uncertain","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Westlands Water District \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://wwd.ca.gov/wwd-media/press-release-24/\">announced\u003c/a> this week that i\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">t’s spiking a study \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">on the potential effects of\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">raising the height of Shasta Dam. That’s because the district couldn’t meet \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the federal Bureau of Reclamation’s deadline for the study.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The announcement throws into question the future of elevating the dam and follows the Fresno-based irrigation district’s losses in court fights with California and environmental groups over the legality of the project. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Redding Record Searchlight \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2019/09/30/westlands-water-district-stops-work-shasta-dam-study-after-court-loss/3826124002/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reports\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that the feds were looking for partners to help pay to raise the dam 18.5 feet higher at a cost of $1.4 billion. Westlands was the only agency that had indicated interest in working with the bureau.\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Below is a good \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/newsom-and-the-ncaa-shasta-water-project-delay-officials-cash-in-on-legal-weed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">summary\u003c/a> of the story from Calmatters’ Dan Morain …\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA plan to enlarge Lake Shasta \u003c/strong>to provide more water for Central Valley farms was dealt a significant setback Monday when one of the main advocates halted plans to study the project’s environmental impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s complicated: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation\u003c/strong> under the Trump administration dusted off plans to raise the height of Shasta Dam by 18.5 feet, a $1.4 billion project.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>That would increase\u003c/strong> Shasta reservoir’s capacity and make more water available, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/28/climate/bernhardt-shasta-dam.html\">detailed by The New York Times.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Uncle Sam expects\u003c/strong> a matching commitment from California.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>The state itself \u003c/strong>opposes the project, but not the Westlands Water District, which provides water to farms in Fresno and Kings counties.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enlarging Lake Shasta \u003c/strong>could damage the McCloud River, which flows into Shasta. State law protects the McLoud as a wild and scenic river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Westlands decided\u003c/strong> to embark on an environmental impact report to test whether the project would, in fact, damage the McLoud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003c/strong>sued to block Westlands from undertaking that report. \u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2019/09/30/westlands-water-district-stops-work-shasta-dam-study-after-court-loss/3826124002/\">Westlands lost in the courts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Monday, \u003c/strong>Westlands General Manager Tom Birmingham told me Westlands had no choice but to drop plans to complete the environmental impact report. Westlands could conduct a different type of analysis, but that will delay the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Birmingham: \u003c/strong>“It certainly has created a lot of uncertainty. How it will affect the Bureau of Reclamation, I don’t know.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The federal official\u003c/strong> overseeing the project did not respond Calmatter’s call.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Here is previous \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/shasta-dam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED coverage\u003c/a> going back to 2013 on the proposed project,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1948387/future-of-raising-shasta-dam-uncertain","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_3969","science_686","science_3840","science_463","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1948390","label":"source_science_1948387"},"science_1941772":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1941772","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1941772","score":null,"sort":[1557957195000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"shasta-dam-expansion-california-conservation-groups-sue-water-district","title":"Shasta Dam Expansion: California, Conservation Groups Sue Water District Over Plan","publishDate":1557957195,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Shasta Dam Expansion: California, Conservation Groups Sue Water District Over Plan | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The battle over Shasta Dam is escalating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, California’s attorney general and several fishing and conservation groups filed separate lawsuits to stop a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1937108/shasta-dam-project-sets-up-another-trump-california-showdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial project\u003c/a> to elevate the dam and expand the state’s largest reservoir, near Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project is unlawful,” wrote Attorney General Xavier Becerra in a statement announcing the state’s lawsuit. “It would create significant environmental and cultural impacts for the communities and habitats surrounding the Shasta Dam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n\u003cp>But the plaintiffs’ primary leverage point might be the McCloud River, the most \u003ca href=\"https://activenorcal.com/fishing-the-mccloud-river-famous-fish-in-a-special-setting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legendary trout stream\u003c/a> in California, and protected under \u003ca href=\"https://www.watereducation.org/aquapedia/california-wild-and-scenic-rivers-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Wild & Scenic Rivers Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also one of several rivers feeding Shasta Lake, the shoreline of which would expand if the federal Bureau of Reclamation proceeds with its \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/ncao/shasta-enlargement.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan to add 18 feet\u003c/a> to the top of Shasta Dam. The Bureau estimates the expansion would add 630,000 acre-feet of water to the capacity of the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companion suit to the state’s was filed by a coalition of Friends of the River, Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations, Institute for Fisheries Resources, Natural Resources Defense Council, Defenders of Wildlife, the Sierra Club and the Golden Gate Salmon Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Westlands Targeted\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike multiple \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-california-trump-environmental-lawsuits-20190507-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental lawsuits\u003c/a> filed by California since Donald Trump took office, this one doesn’t target the administration. Instead, both suits are aimed at \u003ca href=\"https://wwd.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, a Fresno-based irrigation district and a major player in Central Valley water politics. Westlands wants the additional water that a bigger Shasta Lake might provide, and it’s willing to put up tens of millions in project funding to get it. But the state and other plaintiffs argue that the whole project is illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been illegal for 30 years,” says Ron Stork, with the conservation group Friends of the River, in Sacramento. ” ‘It’ being raising Shasta Dam and Westlands cooperating with the federal goverment to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stork says state law prohibits any expansion of Shasta, because it would flood a stretch of the lower McCloud, disrupting the river’s natural flow. It would also inundate most remaining sacred sites of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.winnememwintu.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some kind of sacred trusts that we’ve made as California citizens that we’re going to protect some of our rivers,” adds Stork, “and Westlands’ actions and Reclamation’s expected actions really can’t stand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra agrees that as a state-sanctioned agency, Westlands is barred from any participation in the project, financial or otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday evening, Westlands issued a statement saying it’s merely exploring its options with Shasta and not violating any law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Contrary to the allegations by the Attorney General, the District is not violating the law,” Westlands said. The district asserted it was “merely conducting environmental review” to determine whether it can move forward as a federal cost-sharing partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been widely anticipated that Westlands would provide critical funding for the expansion. The district has even bought up property surrounding Shasta Lake, presumably in anticipation of its enlargement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stork says no hearing date has been set for his group’s case, but the battle is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation falls under the U.S. Department of the Interior, now headed by David Bernhardt, a former lobbyist for Westlands Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Normally dams are built to block rivers, but a legendary trout stream in Shasta County could be the river that blocked a dam.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848672,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":594},"headData":{"title":"Shasta Dam Expansion: California, Conservation Groups Sue Water District Over Plan | KQED","description":"Normally dams are built to block rivers, but a legendary trout stream in Shasta County could be the river that blocked a dam.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Shasta Dam Expansion: California, Conservation Groups Sue Water District Over Plan","datePublished":"2019-05-15T21:53:15.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:04:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Water","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2019/05/MillerShastaDam.mp3","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":154,"path":"/science/1941772/shasta-dam-expansion-california-conservation-groups-sue-water-district","audioDuration":154000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The battle over Shasta Dam is escalating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, California’s attorney general and several fishing and conservation groups filed separate lawsuits to stop a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1937108/shasta-dam-project-sets-up-another-trump-california-showdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial project\u003c/a> to elevate the dam and expand the state’s largest reservoir, near Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project is unlawful,” wrote Attorney General Xavier Becerra in a statement announcing the state’s lawsuit. “It would create significant environmental and cultural impacts for the communities and habitats surrounding the Shasta Dam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n\u003cp>But the plaintiffs’ primary leverage point might be the McCloud River, the most \u003ca href=\"https://activenorcal.com/fishing-the-mccloud-river-famous-fish-in-a-special-setting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legendary trout stream\u003c/a> in California, and protected under \u003ca href=\"https://www.watereducation.org/aquapedia/california-wild-and-scenic-rivers-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Wild & Scenic Rivers Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also one of several rivers feeding Shasta Lake, the shoreline of which would expand if the federal Bureau of Reclamation proceeds with its \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/ncao/shasta-enlargement.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan to add 18 feet\u003c/a> to the top of Shasta Dam. The Bureau estimates the expansion would add 630,000 acre-feet of water to the capacity of the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companion suit to the state’s was filed by a coalition of Friends of the River, Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations, Institute for Fisheries Resources, Natural Resources Defense Council, Defenders of Wildlife, the Sierra Club and the Golden Gate Salmon Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Westlands Targeted\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike multiple \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-california-trump-environmental-lawsuits-20190507-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental lawsuits\u003c/a> filed by California since Donald Trump took office, this one doesn’t target the administration. Instead, both suits are aimed at \u003ca href=\"https://wwd.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, a Fresno-based irrigation district and a major player in Central Valley water politics. Westlands wants the additional water that a bigger Shasta Lake might provide, and it’s willing to put up tens of millions in project funding to get it. But the state and other plaintiffs argue that the whole project is illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been illegal for 30 years,” says Ron Stork, with the conservation group Friends of the River, in Sacramento. ” ‘It’ being raising Shasta Dam and Westlands cooperating with the federal goverment to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stork says state law prohibits any expansion of Shasta, because it would flood a stretch of the lower McCloud, disrupting the river’s natural flow. It would also inundate most remaining sacred sites of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.winnememwintu.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some kind of sacred trusts that we’ve made as California citizens that we’re going to protect some of our rivers,” adds Stork, “and Westlands’ actions and Reclamation’s expected actions really can’t stand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra agrees that as a state-sanctioned agency, Westlands is barred from any participation in the project, financial or otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday evening, Westlands issued a statement saying it’s merely exploring its options with Shasta and not violating any law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Contrary to the allegations by the Attorney General, the District is not violating the law,” Westlands said. The district asserted it was “merely conducting environmental review” to determine whether it can move forward as a federal cost-sharing partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been widely anticipated that Westlands would provide critical funding for the expansion. The district has even bought up property surrounding Shasta Lake, presumably in anticipation of its enlargement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stork says no hearing date has been set for his group’s case, but the battle is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation falls under the U.S. Department of the Interior, now headed by David Bernhardt, a former lobbyist for Westlands Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1941772/shasta-dam-expansion-california-conservation-groups-sue-water-district","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_89","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_3840","science_463","science_3830"],"featImg":"science_1941783","label":"source_science_1941772"},"science_1937108":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1937108","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1937108","score":null,"sort":[1548662506000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"shasta-dam-project-sets-up-another-trump-california-showdown","title":"Shasta Dam Project Sets Up Another Trump-California Showdown","publishDate":1548662506,"format":"image","headTitle":"Shasta Dam Project Sets Up Another Trump-California Showdown | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update May 14:\u003c/strong> A little more than three months after this story first appeared, the State of California and more than a half-dozen fishing and conservation groups sued to stop Westlands Water District from working to advance the Shasta Dam expansion project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is laying the groundwork to enlarge California’s biggest reservoir, the iconic \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/projects/index.php?id=241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shasta Dam\u003c/a>, north of Redding, by raising its height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a saga that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/7191/is-raising-shasta-dam-the-best-bet-for-californias-water-supply\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dragged on for decades\u003c/a>, along with the controversy surrounding it. But the latest chapter is likely to set the stage for another showdown between California and the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’re not talking. We’re explaining what we’re losing. And they’re not listening.’\u003ccite>Winnemem Wintu Chief Caleen Sisk\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Last fall, crews already had drilling rigs in place, taking core samples from the earthen banks around the 600-foot dam. That process was part of testing to see if its World War II-era foundation can support additional bulking up of the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Taller Dam Means a Bigger Reservoir\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is what the federal Bureau of Reclamation calls “\u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/newsroom/newsrelease/detail.cfm?RecordID=63217\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preliminary construction\u003c/a>” work. For now, that’s all they have funding for, but the Trump administration is keen to press on with a $1.3 billion project to add more than 18 feet to the top of the dam, which is already taller than the Washington Monument. That would increase the size of the reservoir, Shasta Lake, by 14 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/ShastaLocator_V05_190124.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1937206\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/ShastaLocator_V05_190124.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/ShastaLocator_V05_190124.jpeg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/ShastaLocator_V05_190124-160x285.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/ShastaLocator_V05_190124-674x1200.jpeg 674w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>“We’re extremely confident that there’s a lot of momentum behind this right now,” says Don Bader, area manager for the reclamation bureau, which operates the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that momentum is coming from Washington, not Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new administration came in and they’re looking to add storage in California,” Bader explains, “and this was the one project that was ready to go, so that’s why it’s got most of the attention right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wild & Scenic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project has also caught the attention of California officials, who say it violates the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.watereducation.org/aquapedia/california-wild-and-scenic-rivers-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wild & Scenic Rivers Act\u003c/a>, which protects one of the three major rivers that flow into Shasta Reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Legislature protected the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calwild.org/portfolio/fact-sheet-mccloud-river/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">McCloud River\u003c/a> from any construction that would expand the reservoir,” says Ron Stork, of the advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/FriendsOfTheRiverFoundation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Friends of the River\u003c/a>. “It’s been illegal to expand this reservoir since 1989.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1950px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1937209 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: fishing on the McCloud River\" width=\"1950\" height=\"1463\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172.jpg 1950w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1950px) 100vw, 1950px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The McCloud River is a legendary trout-fishing stream and sacred grounds for the Winnemem Wintu tribe. It’s protected under state law. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists say that the $1.3 billion dollars could be better spent on more creative ways to conserve water, such as recycling, stormwater capture, and storing more water in underground aquifers. But President Trump is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1171992/trumps-pledge-to-open-up-the-water-for-valley-farms-easier-said-than-done\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on the record\u003c/a> promising Central Valley farmers more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any bean-counter would say this is crazy,” says Stork. “But this is a political dam.”\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The additional 630, 000 acre-feet of capacity would be like taking \u003ca href=\"http://bawsca.org/water/supply/hetchhetchy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hetch Hetchy Reservoir\u003c/a> — the Sierra lake that supplies San Francisco — and dumping it into Shasta … twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nature is not likely to fill that order every year. Stork says the project would likely yield only about 50,000 acre-feet of water on average, annually. That’s a drop in the bucket relative to California’s water budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sacred Grounds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, Stork joined about 200 others at an “open house” in Redding, designed to inform stakeholders about the project. One of them was Caleen Sisk, chief of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/8855/raising-shasta-dam-and-the-flooding-of-a-cathedral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe, whose sacred grounds run along the McCloud River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937204\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1937204\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: Caleen Sisk at microphone\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At a public meeting in Redding, Winnemem Wintu Chief Caleen Sisk appeals to stakeholders to oppose the expansion of Lake Shasta. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She says the tribe already lost many of its sacred sites when the original reservoir was filled, back in the 1940s. The expansion would raise the lake level by about another 20 feet, pushing it farther up the McCloud River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For us, we have to be connected to those sacred places,” says Sisk. “And we’ve already lost 26 miles in the building of Shasta Dam — 26 miles have been given up.”\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sisk’s people still use numerous sites along the lower river for rituals, including rites of passage for young Wintu coming of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sisk says nearly all of the tribe’s remaining sites would be put permanently underwater with the reservoir’s expansion. Reclamation says it’s “talking” with the Winnemem Wintu, but Sisk has a different take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not talking,” she says, “we’re explaining what we’re losing. And they’re not listening.”\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Powerful Player\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sisk was distressed to see the meeting in Redding being run by \u003ca href=\"https://wwd.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, a politically powerful irrigation district based more than 300 miles away, in Fresno, which could be the chief beneficiary of any additional water from the project. It has also raised eyebrows that David Bernhardt, Trump’s acting head of the Interior Department, which includes Reclamation, is a former lobbyist for Westlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westlands was hosting the Redding meeting because it’s preparing an environmental impact report for the project. Reclamation needs an investment “partner” to close the deal, and though there’s been no formal announcement, many assume that Westlands will put up hundreds of millions of dollars toward the project, in exchange for rights to the water it yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That they would have the sheer boldness to do an EIR for an illegal project is still — it’s stunning to me,” says Stork.\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have reacted with similar dismay. This month, the state’s Water Resources Control Board sent Westlands a letter confirming that what they’re proposing is illegal under state law, and that as a state agency, Westlands “participation is prohibited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A consulting firm conducted the meeting on Westlands’ behalf, and while there was one Westlands official in attendance, consultants said he was “not authorized to talk to the media.” Several subsequent calls and emails to Westlands for this story went unanswered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Bureau of Reclamation has made it clear that it intends to press on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re proceeding along the federal route here,” says Bader. “If California does not participate in this process, we’ll move along forward by getting the federal approval.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some might interpret that as saying they’re going through with this regardless of what California thinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s one way to say it,” says Bader.\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Bader’s standpoint, there’s a lot at stake. Shasta’s the keystone in the giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/cvp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Valley Project\u003c/a>, which sends water to farms and cities in 29 California counties. But dams have consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Insult to Injury\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time you put up a dam on the Sacramento River, it’s going to be bad for wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John McManus heads the Golden Gate Salmon Association, an advocate for protecting the threatened fish … and the industries they support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And right now,” he says, “what they’re talking about is adding more insult to injury by raising that dam, impounding more water behind it, and further impairing salmon runs downstream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937205\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1937205\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: downstream view from Shasta Dam\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Federal dam operators say that a deeper reservoir would allow them to send more cold water downstream, to support salmon in the Sacramento River. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Reclamation says a deeper water pool behind the dam will allow them to put more cold water downstream to support the fish. In its project description, the bureau claims it will:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“…improve water supply reliability for agricultural, municipal and industrial, and environmental uses; reduce flood damage; and improve water temperatures and water quality in the Sacramento River below the dam for anadromous fish survival.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But in 2014, the federal government’s own Fish & Wildlife Service recommended against the project, concluding that it would fail to protect endangered salmon in the Sacramento River and its tributaries. That report was later “rescinded” for further review, and has not resurfaced officially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reclamation officials hope to award a construction contract by the end of next year, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/ncao/docs/sdrep-timeline.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">complete the project\u003c/a> by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McManus thinks the courts will ultimately rule against the project — if it gets that far. With Democrats now in control of the House, congressional funding to elevate Shasta Dam might be another stream that gets cut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My view is they will ultimately be stopped,” offers McManus, “but I could be wrong. It wouldn’t be the first time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Trump administration is laying the groundwork to enlarge California’s biggest reservoir. But the project runs afoul of both state law and the Winnemem Wintu tribe, which says the expansion would end up submerging its sacred sites.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927180,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":47,"wordCount":1508},"headData":{"title":"Shasta Dam Project Sets Up Another Trump-California Showdown | KQED","description":"The Trump administration is laying the groundwork to enlarge California’s biggest reservoir. But the project runs afoul of both state law and the Winnemem Wintu tribe, which says the expansion would end up submerging its sacred sites.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Shasta Dam Project Sets Up Another Trump-California Showdown","datePublished":"2019-01-28T08:01:46.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:53:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Engineering","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/01/MillerShastaDam.mp3","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":411,"path":"/science/1937108/shasta-dam-project-sets-up-another-trump-california-showdown","audioDuration":418000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update May 14:\u003c/strong> A little more than three months after this story first appeared, the State of California and more than a half-dozen fishing and conservation groups sued to stop Westlands Water District from working to advance the Shasta Dam expansion project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is laying the groundwork to enlarge California’s biggest reservoir, the iconic \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/projects/index.php?id=241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shasta Dam\u003c/a>, north of Redding, by raising its height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a saga that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/7191/is-raising-shasta-dam-the-best-bet-for-californias-water-supply\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dragged on for decades\u003c/a>, along with the controversy surrounding it. But the latest chapter is likely to set the stage for another showdown between California and the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’re not talking. We’re explaining what we’re losing. And they’re not listening.’\u003ccite>Winnemem Wintu Chief Caleen Sisk\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Last fall, crews already had drilling rigs in place, taking core samples from the earthen banks around the 600-foot dam. That process was part of testing to see if its World War II-era foundation can support additional bulking up of the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Taller Dam Means a Bigger Reservoir\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is what the federal Bureau of Reclamation calls “\u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/newsroom/newsrelease/detail.cfm?RecordID=63217\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preliminary construction\u003c/a>” work. For now, that’s all they have funding for, but the Trump administration is keen to press on with a $1.3 billion project to add more than 18 feet to the top of the dam, which is already taller than the Washington Monument. That would increase the size of the reservoir, Shasta Lake, by 14 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/ShastaLocator_V05_190124.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1937206\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/ShastaLocator_V05_190124.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/ShastaLocator_V05_190124.jpeg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/ShastaLocator_V05_190124-160x285.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/ShastaLocator_V05_190124-674x1200.jpeg 674w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>“We’re extremely confident that there’s a lot of momentum behind this right now,” says Don Bader, area manager for the reclamation bureau, which operates the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that momentum is coming from Washington, not Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new administration came in and they’re looking to add storage in California,” Bader explains, “and this was the one project that was ready to go, so that’s why it’s got most of the attention right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wild & Scenic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project has also caught the attention of California officials, who say it violates the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.watereducation.org/aquapedia/california-wild-and-scenic-rivers-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wild & Scenic Rivers Act\u003c/a>, which protects one of the three major rivers that flow into Shasta Reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Legislature protected the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calwild.org/portfolio/fact-sheet-mccloud-river/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">McCloud River\u003c/a> from any construction that would expand the reservoir,” says Ron Stork, of the advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/FriendsOfTheRiverFoundation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Friends of the River\u003c/a>. “It’s been illegal to expand this reservoir since 1989.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1950px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1937209 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: fishing on the McCloud River\" width=\"1950\" height=\"1463\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172.jpg 1950w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/IMG_4172-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1950px) 100vw, 1950px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The McCloud River is a legendary trout-fishing stream and sacred grounds for the Winnemem Wintu tribe. It’s protected under state law. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists say that the $1.3 billion dollars could be better spent on more creative ways to conserve water, such as recycling, stormwater capture, and storing more water in underground aquifers. But President Trump is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1171992/trumps-pledge-to-open-up-the-water-for-valley-farms-easier-said-than-done\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on the record\u003c/a> promising Central Valley farmers more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any bean-counter would say this is crazy,” says Stork. “But this is a political dam.”\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The additional 630, 000 acre-feet of capacity would be like taking \u003ca href=\"http://bawsca.org/water/supply/hetchhetchy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hetch Hetchy Reservoir\u003c/a> — the Sierra lake that supplies San Francisco — and dumping it into Shasta … twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nature is not likely to fill that order every year. Stork says the project would likely yield only about 50,000 acre-feet of water on average, annually. That’s a drop in the bucket relative to California’s water budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sacred Grounds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, Stork joined about 200 others at an “open house” in Redding, designed to inform stakeholders about the project. One of them was Caleen Sisk, chief of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/8855/raising-shasta-dam-and-the-flooding-of-a-cathedral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe, whose sacred grounds run along the McCloud River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937204\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1937204\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: Caleen Sisk at microphone\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Speaker01-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At a public meeting in Redding, Winnemem Wintu Chief Caleen Sisk appeals to stakeholders to oppose the expansion of Lake Shasta. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She says the tribe already lost many of its sacred sites when the original reservoir was filled, back in the 1940s. The expansion would raise the lake level by about another 20 feet, pushing it farther up the McCloud River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For us, we have to be connected to those sacred places,” says Sisk. “And we’ve already lost 26 miles in the building of Shasta Dam — 26 miles have been given up.”\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sisk’s people still use numerous sites along the lower river for rituals, including rites of passage for young Wintu coming of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sisk says nearly all of the tribe’s remaining sites would be put permanently underwater with the reservoir’s expansion. Reclamation says it’s “talking” with the Winnemem Wintu, but Sisk has a different take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not talking,” she says, “we’re explaining what we’re losing. And they’re not listening.”\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Powerful Player\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sisk was distressed to see the meeting in Redding being run by \u003ca href=\"https://wwd.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, a politically powerful irrigation district based more than 300 miles away, in Fresno, which could be the chief beneficiary of any additional water from the project. It has also raised eyebrows that David Bernhardt, Trump’s acting head of the Interior Department, which includes Reclamation, is a former lobbyist for Westlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westlands was hosting the Redding meeting because it’s preparing an environmental impact report for the project. Reclamation needs an investment “partner” to close the deal, and though there’s been no formal announcement, many assume that Westlands will put up hundreds of millions of dollars toward the project, in exchange for rights to the water it yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That they would have the sheer boldness to do an EIR for an illegal project is still — it’s stunning to me,” says Stork.\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have reacted with similar dismay. This month, the state’s Water Resources Control Board sent Westlands a letter confirming that what they’re proposing is illegal under state law, and that as a state agency, Westlands “participation is prohibited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A consulting firm conducted the meeting on Westlands’ behalf, and while there was one Westlands official in attendance, consultants said he was “not authorized to talk to the media.” Several subsequent calls and emails to Westlands for this story went unanswered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Bureau of Reclamation has made it clear that it intends to press on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re proceeding along the federal route here,” says Bader. “If California does not participate in this process, we’ll move along forward by getting the federal approval.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some might interpret that as saying they’re going through with this regardless of what California thinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s one way to say it,” says Bader.\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Bader’s standpoint, there’s a lot at stake. Shasta’s the keystone in the giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/cvp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Valley Project\u003c/a>, which sends water to farms and cities in 29 California counties. But dams have consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Insult to Injury\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time you put up a dam on the Sacramento River, it’s going to be bad for wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John McManus heads the Golden Gate Salmon Association, an advocate for protecting the threatened fish … and the industries they support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And right now,” he says, “what they’re talking about is adding more insult to injury by raising that dam, impounding more water behind it, and further impairing salmon runs downstream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937205\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1937205\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: downstream view from Shasta Dam\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/Shasta02-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Federal dam operators say that a deeper reservoir would allow them to send more cold water downstream, to support salmon in the Sacramento River. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Reclamation says a deeper water pool behind the dam will allow them to put more cold water downstream to support the fish. In its project description, the bureau claims it will:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“…improve water supply reliability for agricultural, municipal and industrial, and environmental uses; reduce flood damage; and improve water temperatures and water quality in the Sacramento River below the dam for anadromous fish survival.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But in 2014, the federal government’s own Fish & Wildlife Service recommended against the project, concluding that it would fail to protect endangered salmon in the Sacramento River and its tributaries. That report was later “rescinded” for further review, and has not resurfaced officially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reclamation officials hope to award a construction contract by the end of next year, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/mp/ncao/docs/sdrep-timeline.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">complete the project\u003c/a> by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McManus thinks the courts will ultimately rule against the project — if it gets that far. With Democrats now in control of the House, congressional funding to elevate Shasta Dam might be another stream that gets cut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My view is they will ultimately be stopped,” offers McManus, “but I could be wrong. It wouldn’t be the first time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1937108/shasta-dam-project-sets-up-another-trump-california-showdown","authors":["221"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_89","science_35","science_40","science_3423","science_98"],"tags":["science_3370","science_3833","science_463","science_3830"],"featImg":"science_1937114","label":"source_science_1937108"},"science_1931911":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1931911","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1931911","score":null,"sort":[1538402480000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"northern-california-tribe-treks-300-miles-to-save-its-salmon","title":"Northern California Tribe Treks 300 Miles to Save Its Salmon","publishDate":1538402480,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Northern California Tribe Treks 300 Miles to Save Its Salmon | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Whatever happens to the salmon, happens to us.’\u003ccite>Caleen Sisk, Winnemem Wintu Chief \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This weekend, members of the Winnemem Wintu tribe wrapped up a 300 mile trek, from the mouth of the Sacramento River north to Shasta Lake. Dozens of Winnemem, indigenous activists and allies walked, ran, biked, boated and rode horses along the way. The event, called Run4Salmon, is part of the tribe’s plans to change the course of history for endangered Chinook, once plentiful in this part of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re here … in an effort to wake the people up to what’s happening to the water systems here in California and also to restore our salmon,” said Winnemem Chief Caleen Sisk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931919 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-1020x678.jpg\" alt=\"A woman in a red hat rides a boat.\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winnenem Wintu Chief Caleen Sisk, wearing a “Make America Sacred Again” hat, takes a boat as part of the Run 4 Salmon 2018 event. \u003ccite>(Run4Salmon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Winter-run Chinook salmon have been blocked from native spawning habitat on the McCloud River above Shasta Dam for decades, but Sisk wants to change that. Run4Salmon, now in its third year, is meant to raise awareness about the region’s imperiled salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”HUKDyNjdotrSLUj1Tmro7nrdQR0hOvtP”]Chinook were once a dietary staple for the Winnemem, but after European settlement in the 19th century, overfishing, dredge mining, and dams on the Sacramento River and its tributaries caused salmon populations to plummet. Today, climate change is expected to warm waters, making Northern California even less hospitable to salmon. Many populations appear on the Fish & Wildlife Service’s endangered species list as either threatened or endangered. Winter-run Chinook face “immediate risk of extinction,” \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/sos/native-species/salmon/chinook-salmon/sacramento-river-winter-run-chinook-salmon/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to a 2017 report\u003c/a> from the conservation group California Trout and the University of California-Davis Center for Watershed Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_743300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-743300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-1440x975.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"433\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-1440x975.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-400x271.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-800x542.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-768x520.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-1180x799.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-960x650.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shasta Dam is the keystone of California’s federally-operated Central Valley Project. It provides water, flood control and hydroelectric power. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shasta Dam is perhaps the biggest obstacle to salmon restoration in historically Winnemem territory. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation built the dam just north of Redding in the 1940s to store water for California’s growing cities and agricultural industry. Today, it’s a linchpin of the state’s sprawling water system and creates California’s largest reservoir. The Bureau of Reclamation plans to raise the 602-foot dam another 18 ½ feet to store an additional 630,000 acre-feet of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reclamation geologists will take core samples at the dam as part of a preconstruction and design phase of the project in the next few months. How the $1.4 billion project would be fully funded is not yet clear, though Reclamation aims to have a construction contract in place by December 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932020\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 960px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1932020 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway.jpg\" alt=\"People stand with signs. \" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants at a Bureau of Reclamation and Interior building along the way of the run. \u003ccite>(Run4Salmon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sisk says heightening Shasta Dam would further harm salmon and flood ancestral land. She advocates for the construction of new swim-ways to bypass the dam to allow salmon to spawn above it. Last week, Run4Salmon participants made a stop outside a Reclamation office in Sacramento, wielding signs that read “No Dam Raise” and “Uncle Sam No Dam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Winnemem’s efforts to restore their salmon also include an unorthodox project that would bring salmon eggs from New Zealand to California. Sisk says a population of salmon currently living in New Zealand were brought there more than a century ago to create a fishery, and originated from the McCloud River. Tribal members recently collected DNA samples of the New Zealand fish, and are working with University of California-Davis biologist Mike Miller to confirm those salmon indeed came from the McCloud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sisk, the battle to restore the Sacramento and McCloud Rivers isn’t just about fish. She sees the struggles of Chinook as intimately connected to the health of her own people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever happens to the salmon, happens to us,” said Sisk. “We used to be 20,000 (people) on the river. By 1910, there was only 395 of us left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931921\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931921 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"A man walks in traditional regalia.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Winnemem Wintu tribe take part in traditional ceremony in Vellejo, California, as part of the event’s opening ceremony. \u003ccite>(Run4Salmon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tribe now numbers 126.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to win this, if they want to call themselves Winnemem. Otherwise we’re just California Indians, we’re just citizens of California, no real direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This November, the \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Caleen_Sisk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Winnemem chief faces off\u003c/a> as a Democrat against Republican incumbent Brian Dahle in an election for California State Assembly District 1. In the June primary election, Sisk won 24 percent of the district’s votes; 64 percent went to Dahle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”KBSibprZ0Az5Ig9nlh8nFHSd70w4B33z”]“I would be the first Native American chief to win an office like that,” said Sisk. “I could do so much more for Run4Salmon if I were influential in the House. We could write bills to make some big changes in how we treat water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Run4Salmon began Sept. 15 at Glen Cove Waterfront Park in Vallejo, where salmon swim from the San Pablo Bay through the Carquinez Strait and into the Sacramento River. This weekend, participants embarked on the final leg of the journey, paddling kayaks and canoes across Shasta Lake to the McCloud Bridge north of Redding.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Members of the Winnemem Wintu Tribe of Northern California walked, ran, biked and paddled up the Sacramento River to Shasta Lake, following returning salmon, as part of a two-week ceremony to draw attention to the state’s struggling salmon populations. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927446,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":906},"headData":{"title":"Northern California Tribe Treks 300 Miles to Save Its Salmon | KQED","description":"Members of the Winnemem Wintu Tribe of Northern California walked, ran, biked and paddled up the Sacramento River to Shasta Lake, following returning salmon, as part of a two-week ceremony to draw attention to the state’s struggling salmon populations. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Northern California Tribe Treks 300 Miles to Save Its Salmon","datePublished":"2018-10-01T14:01:20.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:57:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/thebay/2018/09/WilesSalmonRunTCRAM180928.mp3","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Tay Wiles","audioTrackLength":168,"path":"/science/1931911/northern-california-tribe-treks-300-miles-to-save-its-salmon","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Whatever happens to the salmon, happens to us.’\u003ccite>Caleen Sisk, Winnemem Wintu Chief \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This weekend, members of the Winnemem Wintu tribe wrapped up a 300 mile trek, from the mouth of the Sacramento River north to Shasta Lake. Dozens of Winnemem, indigenous activists and allies walked, ran, biked, boated and rode horses along the way. The event, called Run4Salmon, is part of the tribe’s plans to change the course of history for endangered Chinook, once plentiful in this part of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re here … in an effort to wake the people up to what’s happening to the water systems here in California and also to restore our salmon,” said Winnemem Chief Caleen Sisk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931919 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-1020x678.jpg\" alt=\"A woman in a red hat rides a boat.\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/1-CaleenSisk1.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winnenem Wintu Chief Caleen Sisk, wearing a “Make America Sacred Again” hat, takes a boat as part of the Run 4 Salmon 2018 event. \u003ccite>(Run4Salmon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Winter-run Chinook salmon have been blocked from native spawning habitat on the McCloud River above Shasta Dam for decades, but Sisk wants to change that. Run4Salmon, now in its third year, is meant to raise awareness about the region’s imperiled salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Chinook were once a dietary staple for the Winnemem, but after European settlement in the 19th century, overfishing, dredge mining, and dams on the Sacramento River and its tributaries caused salmon populations to plummet. Today, climate change is expected to warm waters, making Northern California even less hospitable to salmon. Many populations appear on the Fish & Wildlife Service’s endangered species list as either threatened or endangered. Winter-run Chinook face “immediate risk of extinction,” \u003ca href=\"https://caltrout.org/sos/native-species/salmon/chinook-salmon/sacramento-river-winter-run-chinook-salmon/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to a 2017 report\u003c/a> from the conservation group California Trout and the University of California-Davis Center for Watershed Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_743300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-743300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-1440x975.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"433\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-1440x975.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-400x271.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-800x542.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-768x520.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-1180x799.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/shasta-dam-e1464830544774-960x650.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shasta Dam is the keystone of California’s federally-operated Central Valley Project. It provides water, flood control and hydroelectric power. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shasta Dam is perhaps the biggest obstacle to salmon restoration in historically Winnemem territory. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation built the dam just north of Redding in the 1940s to store water for California’s growing cities and agricultural industry. Today, it’s a linchpin of the state’s sprawling water system and creates California’s largest reservoir. The Bureau of Reclamation plans to raise the 602-foot dam another 18 ½ feet to store an additional 630,000 acre-feet of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reclamation geologists will take core samples at the dam as part of a preconstruction and design phase of the project in the next few months. How the $1.4 billion project would be fully funded is not yet clear, though Reclamation aims to have a construction contract in place by December 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932020\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 960px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1932020 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway.jpg\" alt=\"People stand with signs. \" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/run-4-salmon-halfway-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants at a Bureau of Reclamation and Interior building along the way of the run. \u003ccite>(Run4Salmon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sisk says heightening Shasta Dam would further harm salmon and flood ancestral land. She advocates for the construction of new swim-ways to bypass the dam to allow salmon to spawn above it. Last week, Run4Salmon participants made a stop outside a Reclamation office in Sacramento, wielding signs that read “No Dam Raise” and “Uncle Sam No Dam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Winnemem’s efforts to restore their salmon also include an unorthodox project that would bring salmon eggs from New Zealand to California. Sisk says a population of salmon currently living in New Zealand were brought there more than a century ago to create a fishery, and originated from the McCloud River. Tribal members recently collected DNA samples of the New Zealand fish, and are working with University of California-Davis biologist Mike Miller to confirm those salmon indeed came from the McCloud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sisk, the battle to restore the Sacramento and McCloud Rivers isn’t just about fish. She sees the struggles of Chinook as intimately connected to the health of her own people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever happens to the salmon, happens to us,” said Sisk. “We used to be 20,000 (people) on the river. By 1910, there was only 395 of us left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931921\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931921 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"A man walks in traditional regalia.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/2-OpeningCeremony.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Winnemem Wintu tribe take part in traditional ceremony in Vellejo, California, as part of the event’s opening ceremony. \u003ccite>(Run4Salmon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The tribe now numbers 126.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to win this, if they want to call themselves Winnemem. Otherwise we’re just California Indians, we’re just citizens of California, no real direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This November, the \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Caleen_Sisk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Winnemem chief faces off\u003c/a> as a Democrat against Republican incumbent Brian Dahle in an election for California State Assembly District 1. In the June primary election, Sisk won 24 percent of the district’s votes; 64 percent went to Dahle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“I would be the first Native American chief to win an office like that,” said Sisk. “I could do so much more for Run4Salmon if I were influential in the House. We could write bills to make some big changes in how we treat water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Run4Salmon began Sept. 15 at Glen Cove Waterfront Park in Vallejo, where salmon swim from the San Pablo Bay through the Carquinez Strait and into the Sacramento River. This weekend, participants embarked on the final leg of the journey, paddling kayaks and canoes across Shasta Lake to the McCloud Bridge north of Redding.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1931911/northern-california-tribe-treks-300-miles-to-save-its-salmon","authors":["byline_science_1931911"],"categories":["science_37","science_98"],"tags":["science_192","science_3370","science_247","science_463"],"featImg":"science_1931918","label":"science"},"science_8855":{"type":"posts","id":"science_8855","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"8855","score":null,"sort":[1379718587000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"raising-shasta-dam-and-the-flooding-of-a-cathedral","title":"Raising Shasta Dam and the Flooding of a \"Cathedral\"","publishDate":1379718587,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Raising Shasta Dam and the Flooding of a “Cathedral” | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>By Deborah Svoboda\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/003.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-9143\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9143\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/003.jpg\" alt=\"Adding 18 feet to the height of Shasta Dam would inundate sacred sites of the Winnemem Wintu tribe, along the lower McCloud River in Shasta County.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adding 18 feet to the height of Shasta Dam would inundate sacred sites of the Winnemem Wintu tribe, along the lower McCloud River in Shasta County. (Deborah Svoboda)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If a controversial \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - Shasta\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/is-raising-shasta-dam-the-best-bet-for-californias-water-supply/\">proposal to raise Shasta Dam\u003c/a> wins approval from Congress, the water levels in California’s largest reservoir could rise by 20 feet in wet years. From a purely water supply standpoint, that seems like a good thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the implications of enlarging the footprint of Shasta Lake are far-reaching. Some reach up the McCloud River, one of the three main rivers that flow into the reservoir created by Shasta Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reach deep into traditions of Native Americans in the region. Along the McCloud, rising waters could drown approximately 40 sites that are sacred to the \u003ca title=\"Winnemem Wintu - main\" href=\"http://www.winnememwintu.us/\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe. According to Caleen Sisk, it amounts to nothing less than the cultural demise of her people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Loss of life at our traditional places means a loss of the Winnemem Wintu,” Sisk said at a recent tribal ceremony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9146\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/002.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-9146\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9146\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/002.jpg\" alt=\"Caleen Sisk is chief of the Winnemem Wintu, which she says have lived along the McCloud and Pit Rivers for 6,000 years.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winnemem Wintu chief Caleen Sisk says her people have lived along the McCloud River for 6,000 years. (Deborah Svoboda)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sisk is the chief and spiritual leader of a tribe of California Indians who, she said, have lived near Shasta for at least 6,000 years. “Winnemem” means “middle-water,” as the tribe has always lived in between the rivers north of Redding. The tribe’s hold on its identity is already tenuous. Their numbers have dwindled to about 125 members. They own no property along the McCloud and are not officially recognized as a tribe by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yet,” said Gary Mulcahy, the tribe’s government liaison, “we have a history of communication with the federal government — letters and documents all the way back to 1850.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While their numbers may be small, members remain passionately engaged with their traditional ceremonies and way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week Sisk greeted some guests that arrived to learn about the tribe. Even with temperatures approaching 100, a fire was built in the traditional circular prayer house, in preparation for a ceremony called Tipnas Pu-doom, which in Wintu means, “to know your heart.” Guests entered the roundhouse with instructions to imagine they were re-entering their mothers’ womb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the dirt floor, dusty seats, smoky air and heat; the atmosphere was similar to the feeling of entering one of the great cathedrals. A feeling of being connected to something of the past — something much greater than oneself — filled the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sisk talked about her belief that the sacred fire is a being, as is water. Then, one-by-one the participants stood facing the fire and were “smoked down” with a medicinal herb that Sisk said helps open one’s heart and thoughts. “Things become clear,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ceremony was meditative and was a good starting point for understanding the deep cultural history and present day experience of the Winnemem Wintu,” said Tendai Chitewere, Professor of Geography at San Francisco State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After leaving the prayer house, Sisk described another one of the ceremonies that is essential to the Winnemem Wintu tribe, the “coming-of-age ceremony,” that marks the passage from child to woman in the Winnemem culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzN-ku_hxhY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ceremony takes place around a specified boulder on the banks of the McCloud River (shown in the video, above). The place used to be accessible year-round, but since Shasta Dam was built in the 1940s, it is only accessible when the water levels go down in the heat of summer. If the dam is raised, the Wintu say they will lose that place forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“They can not move the entire panorama of items that holds our hearts.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to Sisk, the federal government has offered to move the rock to wherever the Winnemem Wintu would like it. Sisk argues that their sacred sites cannot be so modified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can not move the entire panorama of items that holds our hearts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To supporters of the proposal to raise the dam, the gains outweigh the losses. At an estimated cost of $1.2 billion, some say that dollar-for-dollar, the dam raise is the best option. The extra water storage capacity would benefit farms served by the federal Central Valley Project as well as some urban water consumers hundreds of miles south of Shasta Lake. And although controversial, some say a deeper, colder pool of water behind the dam will help boost the populations of salmon and steelhead below the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction of the dam put a halt to the salmon’s migration to their original spawning grounds on the upper McCloud. The Winnemem Wintu people still hold a strong connection to the salmon that once populated the rivers surrounding them. “The salmon are our relatives,” Sisk said. “Our strife is almost comparable to what happened to the salmon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People don’t know there are still Indians living in California, that there are 135 native languages spoken in this state,” Sisk said to the group of visitors. She said flooding their sacred sites will remove their ability to remain as the same Winnemem Wintu that they have been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How would people feel if they wanted to flood the Vatican?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, which operates Shasta Dam, has published a \u003ca title=\"USBOR - Shasta EIS\" href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/nepa/nepa_projdetails.cfm?Project_ID=1915\">draft environmental review\u003c/a> of the plan for public comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Deborah Svoboda is a photojournalism major at San Francisco State University. Having just finished two internships at KQED she is beginning her freelance career. Her passion is sharing the “hidden” stories of those outside the media spotlight.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A plan to raise the height of Shasta Dam hangs over a small tribe of Indians who say it would drown their cultural heritage.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704935013,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":990},"headData":{"title":"Raising Shasta Dam and the Flooding of a \"Cathedral\" | KQED","description":"A plan to raise the height of Shasta Dam hangs over a small tribe of Indians who say it would drown their cultural heritage.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Raising Shasta Dam and the Flooding of a \"Cathedral\"","datePublished":"2013-09-20T23:09:47.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T01:03:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/8855/raising-shasta-dam-and-the-flooding-of-a-cathedral","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By Deborah Svoboda\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/003.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-9143\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9143\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/003.jpg\" alt=\"Adding 18 feet to the height of Shasta Dam would inundate sacred sites of the Winnemem Wintu tribe, along the lower McCloud River in Shasta County.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adding 18 feet to the height of Shasta Dam would inundate sacred sites of the Winnemem Wintu tribe, along the lower McCloud River in Shasta County. (Deborah Svoboda)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If a controversial \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - Shasta\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/is-raising-shasta-dam-the-best-bet-for-californias-water-supply/\">proposal to raise Shasta Dam\u003c/a> wins approval from Congress, the water levels in California’s largest reservoir could rise by 20 feet in wet years. From a purely water supply standpoint, that seems like a good thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the implications of enlarging the footprint of Shasta Lake are far-reaching. Some reach up the McCloud River, one of the three main rivers that flow into the reservoir created by Shasta Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reach deep into traditions of Native Americans in the region. Along the McCloud, rising waters could drown approximately 40 sites that are sacred to the \u003ca title=\"Winnemem Wintu - main\" href=\"http://www.winnememwintu.us/\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe. According to Caleen Sisk, it amounts to nothing less than the cultural demise of her people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Loss of life at our traditional places means a loss of the Winnemem Wintu,” Sisk said at a recent tribal ceremony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9146\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/002.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-9146\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9146\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/002.jpg\" alt=\"Caleen Sisk is chief of the Winnemem Wintu, which she says have lived along the McCloud and Pit Rivers for 6,000 years.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winnemem Wintu chief Caleen Sisk says her people have lived along the McCloud River for 6,000 years. (Deborah Svoboda)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sisk is the chief and spiritual leader of a tribe of California Indians who, she said, have lived near Shasta for at least 6,000 years. “Winnemem” means “middle-water,” as the tribe has always lived in between the rivers north of Redding. The tribe’s hold on its identity is already tenuous. Their numbers have dwindled to about 125 members. They own no property along the McCloud and are not officially recognized as a tribe by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yet,” said Gary Mulcahy, the tribe’s government liaison, “we have a history of communication with the federal government — letters and documents all the way back to 1850.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While their numbers may be small, members remain passionately engaged with their traditional ceremonies and way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week Sisk greeted some guests that arrived to learn about the tribe. Even with temperatures approaching 100, a fire was built in the traditional circular prayer house, in preparation for a ceremony called Tipnas Pu-doom, which in Wintu means, “to know your heart.” Guests entered the roundhouse with instructions to imagine they were re-entering their mothers’ womb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the dirt floor, dusty seats, smoky air and heat; the atmosphere was similar to the feeling of entering one of the great cathedrals. A feeling of being connected to something of the past — something much greater than oneself — filled the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sisk talked about her belief that the sacred fire is a being, as is water. Then, one-by-one the participants stood facing the fire and were “smoked down” with a medicinal herb that Sisk said helps open one’s heart and thoughts. “Things become clear,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ceremony was meditative and was a good starting point for understanding the deep cultural history and present day experience of the Winnemem Wintu,” said Tendai Chitewere, Professor of Geography at San Francisco State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After leaving the prayer house, Sisk described another one of the ceremonies that is essential to the Winnemem Wintu tribe, the “coming-of-age ceremony,” that marks the passage from child to woman in the Winnemem culture.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/VzN-ku_hxhY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/VzN-ku_hxhY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The ceremony takes place around a specified boulder on the banks of the McCloud River (shown in the video, above). The place used to be accessible year-round, but since Shasta Dam was built in the 1940s, it is only accessible when the water levels go down in the heat of summer. If the dam is raised, the Wintu say they will lose that place forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“They can not move the entire panorama of items that holds our hearts.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to Sisk, the federal government has offered to move the rock to wherever the Winnemem Wintu would like it. Sisk argues that their sacred sites cannot be so modified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can not move the entire panorama of items that holds our hearts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To supporters of the proposal to raise the dam, the gains outweigh the losses. At an estimated cost of $1.2 billion, some say that dollar-for-dollar, the dam raise is the best option. The extra water storage capacity would benefit farms served by the federal Central Valley Project as well as some urban water consumers hundreds of miles south of Shasta Lake. And although controversial, some say a deeper, colder pool of water behind the dam will help boost the populations of salmon and steelhead below the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction of the dam put a halt to the salmon’s migration to their original spawning grounds on the upper McCloud. The Winnemem Wintu people still hold a strong connection to the salmon that once populated the rivers surrounding them. “The salmon are our relatives,” Sisk said. “Our strife is almost comparable to what happened to the salmon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People don’t know there are still Indians living in California, that there are 135 native languages spoken in this state,” Sisk said to the group of visitors. She said flooding their sacred sites will remove their ability to remain as the same Winnemem Wintu that they have been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How would people feel if they wanted to flood the Vatican?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, which operates Shasta Dam, has published a \u003ca title=\"USBOR - Shasta EIS\" href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/nepa/nepa_projdetails.cfm?Project_ID=1915\">draft environmental review\u003c/a> of the plan for public comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Deborah Svoboda is a photojournalism major at San Francisco State University. Having just finished two internships at KQED she is beginning her freelance career. Her passion is sharing the “hidden” stories of those outside the media spotlight.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/8855/raising-shasta-dam-and-the-flooding-of-a-cathedral","authors":["6387"],"categories":["science_89","science_98"],"tags":["science_463"],"featImg":"science_9146","label":"science"},"science_7191":{"type":"posts","id":"science_7191","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"7191","score":null,"sort":[1376697938000]},"guestAuthors":[{"ID":"4400","displayName":"Mike Osborne","firstName":"Mike","lastName":"Osborne","userLogin":"mike-osborne","userEmail":"mosborne@kqed.org","linkedAccount":"mosborne","website":"","description":"Mike Osborne is currently finishing his PhD at Stanford where he studies climate change in the tropical Pacific. In his research he uses coral-based records (similar to tree rings) to examine El Nino and La Nina cycles over the past few centuries. Mike also created and co-produces the \u003ca href=\"https://www.stanford.edu/group/anthropocene/cgi-bin/wordpress/\">Generation Anthropocene\u003c/a> podcast which features interviews and stories covering a wide range of 21st Century global change issues. He loves travel and is always looking for a reason to be outside.","userNicename":"mike-osborne","type":"guest-author","nickname":""}],"slug":"is-raising-shasta-dam-the-best-bet-for-californias-water-supply","title":"Is Raising Shasta Dam the Best Bet for California’s Water Supply?","publishDate":1376697938,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Is Raising Shasta Dam the Best Bet for California’s Water Supply? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/08/2013-08-19-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Audio report by KQED Science Editor Craig Miller\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7208\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-featured-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7208\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-featured-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Shasta is the largest reservoir in California (Craig Miller)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shasta Lake is the largest reservoir in California (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just north of Redding sits the imposing Shasta Dam, and behind it, the largest single reservoir in California, accounting for about 17 percent of the state’s total water storage capacity. Government officials are now completing plans to make Shasta Lake even larger by raising the height of the dam. The proposed dam expansion is motivated by California’s projected population growth and increasingly limited water storage options. The estimated cost of adding 18 1/2 feet to the 600-foot edifice is over $1 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, the expansion proposal has sparked intense debates among local residents, Central Valley farmers, environmentalists, tribal groups and developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Same War, New Battle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tempting to say, “Welcome to the newest chapter in California’s never-ending battles over water” — though it’s not really new. The idea dates back at least a decade, to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwater.ca.gov/\">CALFED Bay-Delta water planning initiative\u003c/a>. But the proposal is getting fresh buzz now that the federal Bureau of Reclamation has issued a draft \u003ca title=\"USBOR - Shasta\" href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/nepa/nepa_projdetails.cfm?Project_ID=1915\">environmental impact report\u003c/a> on the plan recommending the extra 18 1/2 feet, and political pressure for more water storage is mounting in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anytime you want to change anything in California water, it’s a big deal” said Jay Lund, who directs the \u003ca title=\"UCD - CWS\" href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/front?destination=node/116\">Center for Watershed Sciences\u003c/a> at the University of California Davis. “There’s always 500 different interests lined up on 500 different sides. There’s always going to be someone who’s unhappy, and they all have lawyers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-map05.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-7220\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-map05-640.jpg\" alt=\"shasta-map05\" width=\"1200\" height=\"868\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand the Shasta Dam proposal, a bit of historical perspective is helpful. When the dam was originally conceived in the 1930s, it was designed to be about 800 feet high. But the dam construction coincided with the outbreak of World War II, so limited manpower and scarce resources forced planners to scale back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Shasta Dam currently stands at 602 feet, or about 200 feet lower than originally envisaged. So while it’s therefore possible (from a purely engineering standpoint) to raise the dam by an additional 200 feet, no one is seriously considering that. Federal engineers say the proposed 18 1/2 feet of additional concrete would add about 14 percent to the lake’s existing capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for adding capacity is to have a bigger bank for stockpiling water in wet years, which could then be tapped during dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obvious, immediate consequence of an 18 1/2 foot raise is that several homes and businesses along the shoreline would be inundated, forcing the government to compensate property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water’s going to come up, so it’s going to take 11 of my 15 cabins out,” said Harold Jones, unrolling an aerial photo of his property. He and his wife have owned the \u003ca href=\"http://www.shasta-cabins.com/\">Sugarloaf Cottages\u003c/a> on the Sacramento River arm of Lake Shasta for 20 years. He said a government buyout of his property will push him into early retirement, with few alternate job prospects. “If they send us on our way and I lose my income, how am I going to support my family?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Jones-640.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7238\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Jones-640.jpg\" alt=\"Jones\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harold Jones owns Sugarloaf Cottages, which would be inundated if the lake level rose. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jones and others believe that raising the lake will be the death knell for the resort town of Lakehead, which is a tiny town whose year-round population of about 500 balloons with the influx of boaters during the summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, members of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.winnememwintu.us/\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe of Native Americans have been railing against the raise. When the dam was first constructed in 1945, they lost lands they claim as part of their heritage. They argue that the proposed expansion would lead to the further demise of their cultural legacy, including the inundation of 60-to-80 of their remaining sacred sites, many still used for tribal rituals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the debate is \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/wwd/default2.asp?cwide=1920\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, a politically powerful agency that supplies water mostly to farmers in the San Joaquin Valley. Westlands is a major beneficiary of Shasta water and would pay approximately 20 percent — or $200 million — of the estimated construction costs. Westlands general manager, Tom Birmingham, talks like it’s a bargain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re talking about creating surface storage in the state of California, this is the best project in terms of bang for your buck from the perspective of providing water for fisheries, providing water for human uses and providing hydroelectric generation,” Birmingham told us in a recent interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kl3e4__IIA4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Three Big Ideas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other surface storage proposals of comparable cost and magnitude include \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/storage/docs/NODOS%20Project%20Docs/Sites_FAQ.pdf\">Sites Reservoir\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/storage/docs/USJ%20Project%20Docs/Temperance_FAQ.pdf\">Temperance Flat\u003c/a>. These projects have larger potential storage capacity, but also come with greater costs. Spokespeople for the Bureau of Reclamation expect draft environmental impact statements for both Sites Reservoir and Temperance Flat to be released in late-2013 or early-2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birmingham and the Bureau of Reclamation claim that the deeper pool of water behind Shasta Dam would allow more frequent releases of cold water to benefit \u003ca title=\"NMFS - salmon - steelhead\" href=\"http://swr.nmfs.noaa.gov/recovery/Steelhead_NCS.htm\">threatened salmon and other fish\u003c/a> downstream. Several environmental and fish advocacy groups beg to differ, saying there are more effective and cost-efficient ways to protect Central Valley salmon than a billion-dollar dam project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although theoretically there could be additional cold water — and there’s no doubt more of that is always better — it’s not guaranteed,” said John McManus, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>. “Add to that the certainty that more water would be channeled north to south across the Delta, which will almost certainly entrain more salmon in the pumps or pull them off their natural migration path to their death in the interior delta, and this is a bad idea for salmon,” McManus wrote in an email to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crucial point is that raising Shasta dam would not \u003cem>create\u003c/em> water, it would only add storage potential. All in all, Lund is skeptical that spending over $1 billion is the best strategy for ensuring a healthy water supply, let alone water for fish. “I think it depends on what you want to accomplish,” says Lund. “If you’re going to add a large amount of surface storage to the system, Shasta is probably one of the better places to put it. But it does cost you money, and my question is ‘Is that the best investment of that money?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"CA Water Blog - Lund\" href=\"http://californiawaterblog.com/2012/02/22/expanding-water-storage-capacity-in-california/\">Lund has argued for a more “holistic” approach\u003c/a> to California’s water conundrum, assessing the combined benefits of conservation and integrated management of surface and groundwater, rather than looking at big, individual engineering projects. “That’s the big fallacy around much of the discussion about storage in California,” says Lund. “We have a water shortage, not necessarily a storage shortage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal to raise Shasta requires Congressional approval. The next step will be for the Bureau of Reclamation to submit a final recommendation to the Department of Interior. If Congress approves funding for raising Shasta, it’s expected that the issue will wind up before the courts. After all, this is California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science Editor Craig Miller contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Shasta Lake is the largest reservoir in California, and government officials are completing plans to make it even larger by raising the height of the dam. But the expansion has sparked intense debates among local residents, Central Valley farmers, environmentalists, tribal groups and developers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704935252,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1277},"headData":{"title":"Is Raising Shasta Dam the Best Bet for California’s Water Supply? | KQED","description":"Shasta Lake is the largest reservoir in California, and government officials are completing plans to make it even larger by raising the height of the dam. But the expansion has sparked intense debates among local residents, Central Valley farmers, environmentalists, tribal groups and developers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Is Raising Shasta Dam the Best Bet for California’s Water Supply?","datePublished":"2013-08-17T00:05:38.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T01:07:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/08/2013-08-19-science.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/7191/is-raising-shasta-dam-the-best-bet-for-californias-water-supply","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/08/2013-08-19-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Audio report by KQED Science Editor Craig Miller\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7208\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-featured-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7208\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-featured-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Shasta is the largest reservoir in California (Craig Miller)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shasta Lake is the largest reservoir in California (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just north of Redding sits the imposing Shasta Dam, and behind it, the largest single reservoir in California, accounting for about 17 percent of the state’s total water storage capacity. Government officials are now completing plans to make Shasta Lake even larger by raising the height of the dam. The proposed dam expansion is motivated by California’s projected population growth and increasingly limited water storage options. The estimated cost of adding 18 1/2 feet to the 600-foot edifice is over $1 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, the expansion proposal has sparked intense debates among local residents, Central Valley farmers, environmentalists, tribal groups and developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Same War, New Battle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tempting to say, “Welcome to the newest chapter in California’s never-ending battles over water” — though it’s not really new. The idea dates back at least a decade, to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwater.ca.gov/\">CALFED Bay-Delta water planning initiative\u003c/a>. But the proposal is getting fresh buzz now that the federal Bureau of Reclamation has issued a draft \u003ca title=\"USBOR - Shasta\" href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/nepa/nepa_projdetails.cfm?Project_ID=1915\">environmental impact report\u003c/a> on the plan recommending the extra 18 1/2 feet, and political pressure for more water storage is mounting in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anytime you want to change anything in California water, it’s a big deal” said Jay Lund, who directs the \u003ca title=\"UCD - CWS\" href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/front?destination=node/116\">Center for Watershed Sciences\u003c/a> at the University of California Davis. “There’s always 500 different interests lined up on 500 different sides. There’s always going to be someone who’s unhappy, and they all have lawyers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-map05.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-7220\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-map05-640.jpg\" alt=\"shasta-map05\" width=\"1200\" height=\"868\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand the Shasta Dam proposal, a bit of historical perspective is helpful. When the dam was originally conceived in the 1930s, it was designed to be about 800 feet high. But the dam construction coincided with the outbreak of World War II, so limited manpower and scarce resources forced planners to scale back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Shasta Dam currently stands at 602 feet, or about 200 feet lower than originally envisaged. So while it’s therefore possible (from a purely engineering standpoint) to raise the dam by an additional 200 feet, no one is seriously considering that. Federal engineers say the proposed 18 1/2 feet of additional concrete would add about 14 percent to the lake’s existing capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for adding capacity is to have a bigger bank for stockpiling water in wet years, which could then be tapped during dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obvious, immediate consequence of an 18 1/2 foot raise is that several homes and businesses along the shoreline would be inundated, forcing the government to compensate property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water’s going to come up, so it’s going to take 11 of my 15 cabins out,” said Harold Jones, unrolling an aerial photo of his property. He and his wife have owned the \u003ca href=\"http://www.shasta-cabins.com/\">Sugarloaf Cottages\u003c/a> on the Sacramento River arm of Lake Shasta for 20 years. He said a government buyout of his property will push him into early retirement, with few alternate job prospects. “If they send us on our way and I lose my income, how am I going to support my family?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Jones-640.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7238\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Jones-640.jpg\" alt=\"Jones\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harold Jones owns Sugarloaf Cottages, which would be inundated if the lake level rose. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jones and others believe that raising the lake will be the death knell for the resort town of Lakehead, which is a tiny town whose year-round population of about 500 balloons with the influx of boaters during the summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, members of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.winnememwintu.us/\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe of Native Americans have been railing against the raise. When the dam was first constructed in 1945, they lost lands they claim as part of their heritage. They argue that the proposed expansion would lead to the further demise of their cultural legacy, including the inundation of 60-to-80 of their remaining sacred sites, many still used for tribal rituals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the debate is \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/wwd/default2.asp?cwide=1920\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, a politically powerful agency that supplies water mostly to farmers in the San Joaquin Valley. Westlands is a major beneficiary of Shasta water and would pay approximately 20 percent — or $200 million — of the estimated construction costs. Westlands general manager, Tom Birmingham, talks like it’s a bargain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re talking about creating surface storage in the state of California, this is the best project in terms of bang for your buck from the perspective of providing water for fisheries, providing water for human uses and providing hydroelectric generation,” Birmingham told us in a recent interview.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/kl3e4__IIA4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/kl3e4__IIA4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Three Big Ideas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other surface storage proposals of comparable cost and magnitude include \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/storage/docs/NODOS%20Project%20Docs/Sites_FAQ.pdf\">Sites Reservoir\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/storage/docs/USJ%20Project%20Docs/Temperance_FAQ.pdf\">Temperance Flat\u003c/a>. These projects have larger potential storage capacity, but also come with greater costs. Spokespeople for the Bureau of Reclamation expect draft environmental impact statements for both Sites Reservoir and Temperance Flat to be released in late-2013 or early-2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birmingham and the Bureau of Reclamation claim that the deeper pool of water behind Shasta Dam would allow more frequent releases of cold water to benefit \u003ca title=\"NMFS - salmon - steelhead\" href=\"http://swr.nmfs.noaa.gov/recovery/Steelhead_NCS.htm\">threatened salmon and other fish\u003c/a> downstream. Several environmental and fish advocacy groups beg to differ, saying there are more effective and cost-efficient ways to protect Central Valley salmon than a billion-dollar dam project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although theoretically there could be additional cold water — and there’s no doubt more of that is always better — it’s not guaranteed,” said John McManus, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>. “Add to that the certainty that more water would be channeled north to south across the Delta, which will almost certainly entrain more salmon in the pumps or pull them off their natural migration path to their death in the interior delta, and this is a bad idea for salmon,” McManus wrote in an email to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crucial point is that raising Shasta dam would not \u003cem>create\u003c/em> water, it would only add storage potential. All in all, Lund is skeptical that spending over $1 billion is the best strategy for ensuring a healthy water supply, let alone water for fish. “I think it depends on what you want to accomplish,” says Lund. “If you’re going to add a large amount of surface storage to the system, Shasta is probably one of the better places to put it. But it does cost you money, and my question is ‘Is that the best investment of that money?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"CA Water Blog - Lund\" href=\"http://californiawaterblog.com/2012/02/22/expanding-water-storage-capacity-in-california/\">Lund has argued for a more “holistic” approach\u003c/a> to California’s water conundrum, assessing the combined benefits of conservation and integrated management of surface and groundwater, rather than looking at big, individual engineering projects. “That’s the big fallacy around much of the discussion about storage in California,” says Lund. “We have a water shortage, not necessarily a storage shortage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal to raise Shasta requires Congressional approval. The next step will be for the Bureau of Reclamation to submit a final recommendation to the Department of Interior. If Congress approves funding for raising Shasta, it’s expected that the issue will wind up before the courts. After all, this is California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science Editor Craig Miller contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/7191/is-raising-shasta-dam-the-best-bet-for-californias-water-supply","authors":["4400"],"categories":["science_46","science_31","science_33","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43","science_98"],"tags":["science_572","science_463","science_110"],"featImg":"science_7251","label":"science"},"science_5784":{"type":"posts","id":"science_5784","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"5784","score":null,"sort":[1374276766000]},"guestAuthors":[{"ID":"4400","displayName":"Mike Osborne","firstName":"Mike","lastName":"Osborne","userLogin":"mike-osborne","userEmail":"mosborne@kqed.org","linkedAccount":"mosborne","website":"","description":"Mike Osborne is currently finishing his PhD at Stanford where he studies climate change in the tropical Pacific. In his research he uses coral-based records (similar to tree rings) to examine El Nino and La Nina cycles over the past few centuries. Mike also created and co-produces the \u003ca href=\"https://www.stanford.edu/group/anthropocene/cgi-bin/wordpress/\">Generation Anthropocene\u003c/a> podcast which features interviews and stories covering a wide range of 21st Century global change issues. He loves travel and is always looking for a reason to be outside.","userNicename":"mike-osborne","type":"guest-author","nickname":""}],"slug":"should-californias-biggest-reservoir-be-even-bigger","title":"Should California’s Biggest Reservoir Be Even Bigger?","publishDate":1374276766,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Should California’s Biggest Reservoir Be Even Bigger? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Water planners are exploring the possibility of expanding Shasta Dam, a concrete slab across the Sacramento River that forms California’s largest reservoir, Shasta Lake. A $1 billion proposal to raise the dam by as much as 18 and a half feet would expand the reservoir’s capacity by 634,000 acre feet, enough to supply more than a million families for a year. (Though how the water would be parceled out between farms, families and fish is still up for debate.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5785\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Shasta-Dam-pic-e1374272801635.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5785\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5785\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Shasta-Dam-pic-e1374272801635.png\" alt=\"Shasta Dam pic\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shasta Lake is the biggest reservoir in the state. (Bureau of Reclamation).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, which operates the dam, held a series of public meetings in Redding, Sacramento and Los Banos on the controversial plan this week. Supporters say that the expansion is a cost-effective way for our thirsty state to increase its water storage capacity, but not everyone’s convinced it’s worth it. Members of the Winnemem Wintu tribe have historical ties to the land, and don’t want to see their sacred sites destroyed by flooding waters. Environmental groups worry about salmon runs, habitat loss and impacts to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the land surrounding the lake is federal, but some nearby landowners have expressed opposition to enlarging the reservoir. Steve MacNeil owns property in Lakehead, a town near the lake. He says local businesses along the shoreline are concerned that the government might flood their land without adequate compensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re talking about all of the permanent fixtures that are all going to have to be moved, relocated, disassembled, torn down,” said MacNeil. “At a cost to who?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation is accepting public comments on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/nepa/nepa_projdetails.cfm?Project_ID=1915\">draft environmental impact statement\u003c/a> until the end of September. In August the Bureau \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/news/water-supply-challenges/draft-eis-released-impacts-raising-shasta-dam\">plans to announce\u003c/a> another series of public meetings. A final report is scheduled for completion sometime next year. Ultimately the project requires Congressional approval, which, according to the Bureau of Reclamation, is unlikely to happen before 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Water planners are exploring the possibility of expanding Shasta Dam, a concrete slab across the Sacramento River that forms California's largest reservoir, Shasta Lake. A $1 billion proposal to raise the dam by as much as 18 and a half feet would expand the reservoir's capacity by 634,000 acre feet, enough to supply more than a million families for a year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704935451,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":343},"headData":{"title":"Should California’s Biggest Reservoir Be Even Bigger? | KQED","description":"Water planners are exploring the possibility of expanding Shasta Dam, a concrete slab across the Sacramento River that forms California's largest reservoir, Shasta Lake. A $1 billion proposal to raise the dam by as much as 18 and a half feet would expand the reservoir's capacity by 634,000 acre feet, enough to supply more than a million families for a year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Should California’s Biggest Reservoir Be Even Bigger?","datePublished":"2013-07-19T23:32:46.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T01:10:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/5784/should-californias-biggest-reservoir-be-even-bigger","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Water planners are exploring the possibility of expanding Shasta Dam, a concrete slab across the Sacramento River that forms California’s largest reservoir, Shasta Lake. A $1 billion proposal to raise the dam by as much as 18 and a half feet would expand the reservoir’s capacity by 634,000 acre feet, enough to supply more than a million families for a year. (Though how the water would be parceled out between farms, families and fish is still up for debate.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5785\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Shasta-Dam-pic-e1374272801635.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5785\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5785\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Shasta-Dam-pic-e1374272801635.png\" alt=\"Shasta Dam pic\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shasta Lake is the biggest reservoir in the state. (Bureau of Reclamation).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, which operates the dam, held a series of public meetings in Redding, Sacramento and Los Banos on the controversial plan this week. Supporters say that the expansion is a cost-effective way for our thirsty state to increase its water storage capacity, but not everyone’s convinced it’s worth it. Members of the Winnemem Wintu tribe have historical ties to the land, and don’t want to see their sacred sites destroyed by flooding waters. Environmental groups worry about salmon runs, habitat loss and impacts to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the land surrounding the lake is federal, but some nearby landowners have expressed opposition to enlarging the reservoir. Steve MacNeil owns property in Lakehead, a town near the lake. He says local businesses along the shoreline are concerned that the government might flood their land without adequate compensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re talking about all of the permanent fixtures that are all going to have to be moved, relocated, disassembled, torn down,” said MacNeil. “At a cost to who?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation is accepting public comments on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/nepa/nepa_projdetails.cfm?Project_ID=1915\">draft environmental impact statement\u003c/a> until the end of September. In August the Bureau \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/news/water-supply-challenges/draft-eis-released-impacts-raising-shasta-dam\">plans to announce\u003c/a> another series of public meetings. A final report is scheduled for completion sometime next year. Ultimately the project requires Congressional approval, which, according to the Bureau of Reclamation, is unlikely to happen before 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/5784/should-californias-biggest-reservoir-be-even-bigger","authors":["4400"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_463"],"featImg":"science_5785","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago.\r\n\r\n[http_redir]","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Drought Watch Archives | KQED Science","description":"What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's The Lowdown) [iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"] We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the background and rounding up all the stories we’ve produced. 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