Is Water Recycling the Answer to the Bay Area's Drought Woes, Algae Blooms?
The Bay Could Soon Have Its First Region-Wide Sea Level Rise Plan. But Who Would Enforce It?
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San Francisco Bay Restoration Measure Clears Two-Thirds Hurdle
Measure AA Asks Bay Area Residents to Help Protect Against Sea Level Rise
Would You Pay $12 a Year to Fight Sea Level Rise?
Restoring Marshland and Protecting Bay Shoreline From Rising Tides and Storm Events
As Delta Smelt Nears Extinction, New Concerns Emerge Over Dredging
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","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"ezraromero","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ezra David Romero | KQED","description":"Climate Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/eromero"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1983997":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1983997","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1983997","score":null,"sort":[1692741332000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"water-recycling-bay-area-answer-drought-algae-blooms","title":"Is Water Recycling the Answer to the Bay Area's Drought Woes, Algae Blooms?","publishDate":1692741332,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Is Water Recycling the Answer to the Bay Area’s Drought Woes, Algae Blooms? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>When recycled for drinking, the millions of gallons of water that Bay Area residents flush down toilets and showers every day could be cleaner than the pristine \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11948948/the-past-present-and-future-of-the-hetch-hetchy-reservoir\">Hetch Hetchy water that flows from many taps in the region\u003c/a>, according to a top California water official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both are drinkable and pure,” said Darrin Polhemus, deputy director of the drinking water division of the state’s Water Resources Control Board. Recycled water for human consumption, he added, will be so clean that workers will have to add minerals to it, because the purification process strips the water of necessary minerals that make it drinkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recycling the region’s used water for drinking, a process called “direct potable reuse,” is not happening anywhere in the Bay Area — at least not yet. Polhemus’ agency, however, is working to change that by drawing up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983699/from-sewage-to-drinking-glass-californias-plan-to-recycle-water\">rules for how local water agencies can pump ultra-purified water straight into the pipes that connect to people’s homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water agencies that opt in early would either have to build entirely new water recycling plants, join forces with other water companies, or add water reuse capabilities to their operations. The entirely optional regulations could be official next year and, within half a decade, some agencies may be using the technique to help drought-proof their water portfolios.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Darrin Polhemus, deputy director, California’s Division of Drinking Water\"]‘It’s going to be purified water that’s going to have the highest level of treatment ever, and it will be monitored at the beginning, middle and end.’[/pullquote]“It’s going to be purified water that’s going to have the highest level of treatment ever, and it will be monitored at the beginning, middle and end of the purification process,” Polhemus said. “It is the highest treated water we’re ever going to produce in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water and climate experts believe recycling wastewater for human use is a climate adaptation strategy that, if employed wisely, could be a remedy for both future water shortages and the toxic algae blooms that have begun to perennially plague the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The impacts of climate change need solutions commensurate to the issue, and water recycling for human use is the reimagining we need,” said William Abraham Tarpeh, an assistant professor of chemical engineering at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983962\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1983962\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A large room full of industrial equipment and a poster of a person holding a glass of clear water.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo hangs above the microfiltration systems at Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Aug. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The purification process in a nutshell: Once soiled water swirls down the drain or toilet and reaches a wastewater plant or recycling facility, it is forced through a series of tiny tubes, pipes and filters and hit with ultraviolet light and other treatments like reverse osmosis and hydrogen peroxide, to strain and scrub out bacteria and parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beat up a lot. It’s the same technology used to desalinate ocean water,” said Lakeisha Bryant, a spokesperson for the Santa Clara Valley Water District, which operates the \u003ca href=\"https://www.valleywater.org/your-water/recycled-and-purified-water\">Silicon Valley Advanced Water Treatment Purification Center\u003c/a> in San José. Similar to most other agencies in Northern California, the water purified in the facility is currently only used for things like landscape irrigation, cleaning buildings, industrial cooling, some agriculture and toilet flushing — but not human consumption. Some agencies even sell the recycled wastewater to oil refineries to generate steam to make fuel. Others hope to pump it deep into the earth to recharge depleted aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valley Water aims to use recycled wastewater for at least 10% of the county’s total water demands by 2025, \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.valleywater.org/your-water/recycled-and-purified-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.valleywater.org/your-water/recycled-and-purified-water\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">its website states\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while none of that will be for human consumption, the agency is also attempting a small-scale pilot project to bottle water for human use over the next year in preparation for the new statewide rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984038\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984038\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young Black woman standing in a factory holds a bottle of water. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lakeisha Bryant, of Valley Water, samples a bottle of recycled water at Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Aug. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It will be good enough for people to drink, and that will be a huge game changer when it comes to public perception,” said Lei Hong, operations manager at the South Bay plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the state’s impending water recycling guidelines, another impending regulation, set to roll out next spring, will have far-reaching effects in the Bay Area. All 37 wastewater treatment plants across the region will be required, via a permitting process, to reduce the sheer volume of treated wastewater they pump into the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plethora of microscopic elements — like nitrogen and phosphorus — in that water is a smorgasbord for the single-tailed algae that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983775/as-algal-bloom-returns-to-the-bay-is-swimming-safe-for-humans-and-pets\">darkened the water rusty brown in parts of the bay the past two summers\u003c/a>, and last year killed thousands of fish.[aside label='More Stories on Algae Bloom' tag='algae-bloom']Eileen White, executive officer of the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, which will issue the permits, said the new rules could force wastewater agencies to reduce their output of this algae food by as much as 50%, with the goal of eliminating the nutrient “buffet” that algae love feeding on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That exact percentage, however, is still an open point of debate. White’s team is meeting with water agencies across the region and said they will use the best science to determine the exact percentage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking at very significant reductions given what occurred last summer,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 10% of all the water that flows into wastewater plants in the region today is recycled, White said, noting that while her board has encouraged local water agencies to increase their recycling capacity, there is currently no direct requirement to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lorien Fono, the executive director of the Bay Area Clean Water Agencies, which represents the five largest wastewater treatment agencies in the Bay Area, said there are significant barriers to turning wastewater into drinking water. The big one: price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can cost more than $1 billion to establish one water recycling project, a cost many agencies consider prohibitive, even with the help of available state and federal grants. Space for the new plants and jurisdictional issues are also major roadblocks. Only some wastewater agencies are water suppliers, so there would need to be collaboration across separate agencies and private companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycled water is in its infancy in our region,” Fono said. She said the barriers, mostly cost and limited land, don’t make the Bay Area an ideal place for water recycling for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many agencies, geography is also a major limitation for expanding water recycling capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984037\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut.jpg\" alt='A purple sign on a metal post reads, \"Recycled Water in Use.\" Reeds and dead tan grass are behind it.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign says, ‘Recycled Water in Use’ outside of the Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Aug. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amit Mutsuddy, director of wastewater for the East Bay Utility District, whose plant is sandwiched between three freeways, said he doesn’t think direct potable reuse is a likely option because of the hefty price tag and limited space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are landlocked, so we cannot expand,” he said, adding the agency is experimenting with other practices to decrease nutrients.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Lei Hong, operations manager, Santa Clara Valley Water District\"]‘It will be good enough for people to drink, and that will be a huge game changer when it comes to public perception.’[/pullquote]Mutsuddy’s site continuously pumps treated wastewater into the bay, several hundred feet from the shore, via a metal pipe 30 feet under the water. Much of that could be returned to the water supply, if recycling became a feasible option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an incredibly important moment,” said Meagan Mauter, a Stanford University environmental engineering professor, whose lab focuses, in part, on using renewable energy to meet the extensive power demands of wastewater treatment plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to move towards the mentality that this is what the region needs to be thinking about in order to ensure the resiliency and affordability of our water supplies,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Water recycling could be a Bay Area climate adaptation solution that addresses increasing water shortages and harmful algae blooms.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845919,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1400},"headData":{"title":"Is Water Recycling the Answer to the Bay Area's Drought Woes, Algae Blooms? | KQED","description":"Water recycling could be a Bay Area climate adaptation solution that addresses increasing water shortages and harmful algae blooms.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Is Water Recycling the Answer to the Bay Area's Drought Woes, Algae Blooms?","datePublished":"2023-08-22T21:55:32.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:18:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1983997/water-recycling-bay-area-answer-drought-algae-blooms","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When recycled for drinking, the millions of gallons of water that Bay Area residents flush down toilets and showers every day could be cleaner than the pristine \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11948948/the-past-present-and-future-of-the-hetch-hetchy-reservoir\">Hetch Hetchy water that flows from many taps in the region\u003c/a>, according to a top California water official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both are drinkable and pure,” said Darrin Polhemus, deputy director of the drinking water division of the state’s Water Resources Control Board. Recycled water for human consumption, he added, will be so clean that workers will have to add minerals to it, because the purification process strips the water of necessary minerals that make it drinkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recycling the region’s used water for drinking, a process called “direct potable reuse,” is not happening anywhere in the Bay Area — at least not yet. Polhemus’ agency, however, is working to change that by drawing up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983699/from-sewage-to-drinking-glass-californias-plan-to-recycle-water\">rules for how local water agencies can pump ultra-purified water straight into the pipes that connect to people’s homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water agencies that opt in early would either have to build entirely new water recycling plants, join forces with other water companies, or add water reuse capabilities to their operations. The entirely optional regulations could be official next year and, within half a decade, some agencies may be using the technique to help drought-proof their water portfolios.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It’s going to be purified water that’s going to have the highest level of treatment ever, and it will be monitored at the beginning, middle and end.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Darrin Polhemus, deputy director, California’s Division of Drinking Water","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s going to be purified water that’s going to have the highest level of treatment ever, and it will be monitored at the beginning, middle and end of the purification process,” Polhemus said. “It is the highest treated water we’re ever going to produce in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water and climate experts believe recycling wastewater for human use is a climate adaptation strategy that, if employed wisely, could be a remedy for both future water shortages and the toxic algae blooms that have begun to perennially plague the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The impacts of climate change need solutions commensurate to the issue, and water recycling for human use is the reimagining we need,” said William Abraham Tarpeh, an assistant professor of chemical engineering at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983962\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1983962\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A large room full of industrial equipment and a poster of a person holding a glass of clear water.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67925_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-41-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo hangs above the microfiltration systems at Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Aug. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The purification process in a nutshell: Once soiled water swirls down the drain or toilet and reaches a wastewater plant or recycling facility, it is forced through a series of tiny tubes, pipes and filters and hit with ultraviolet light and other treatments like reverse osmosis and hydrogen peroxide, to strain and scrub out bacteria and parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beat up a lot. It’s the same technology used to desalinate ocean water,” said Lakeisha Bryant, a spokesperson for the Santa Clara Valley Water District, which operates the \u003ca href=\"https://www.valleywater.org/your-water/recycled-and-purified-water\">Silicon Valley Advanced Water Treatment Purification Center\u003c/a> in San José. Similar to most other agencies in Northern California, the water purified in the facility is currently only used for things like landscape irrigation, cleaning buildings, industrial cooling, some agriculture and toilet flushing — but not human consumption. Some agencies even sell the recycled wastewater to oil refineries to generate steam to make fuel. Others hope to pump it deep into the earth to recharge depleted aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valley Water aims to use recycled wastewater for at least 10% of the county’s total water demands by 2025, \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.valleywater.org/your-water/recycled-and-purified-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.valleywater.org/your-water/recycled-and-purified-water\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">its website states\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while none of that will be for human consumption, the agency is also attempting a small-scale pilot project to bottle water for human use over the next year in preparation for the new statewide rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984038\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984038\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young Black woman standing in a factory holds a bottle of water. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS68046_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-58-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lakeisha Bryant, of Valley Water, samples a bottle of recycled water at Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Aug. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It will be good enough for people to drink, and that will be a huge game changer when it comes to public perception,” said Lei Hong, operations manager at the South Bay plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the state’s impending water recycling guidelines, another impending regulation, set to roll out next spring, will have far-reaching effects in the Bay Area. All 37 wastewater treatment plants across the region will be required, via a permitting process, to reduce the sheer volume of treated wastewater they pump into the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plethora of microscopic elements — like nitrogen and phosphorus — in that water is a smorgasbord for the single-tailed algae that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983775/as-algal-bloom-returns-to-the-bay-is-swimming-safe-for-humans-and-pets\">darkened the water rusty brown in parts of the bay the past two summers\u003c/a>, and last year killed thousands of fish.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Stories on Algae Bloom ","tag":"algae-bloom"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Eileen White, executive officer of the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, which will issue the permits, said the new rules could force wastewater agencies to reduce their output of this algae food by as much as 50%, with the goal of eliminating the nutrient “buffet” that algae love feeding on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That exact percentage, however, is still an open point of debate. White’s team is meeting with water agencies across the region and said they will use the best science to determine the exact percentage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking at very significant reductions given what occurred last summer,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 10% of all the water that flows into wastewater plants in the region today is recycled, White said, noting that while her board has encouraged local water agencies to increase their recycling capacity, there is currently no direct requirement to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lorien Fono, the executive director of the Bay Area Clean Water Agencies, which represents the five largest wastewater treatment agencies in the Bay Area, said there are significant barriers to turning wastewater into drinking water. The big one: price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can cost more than $1 billion to establish one water recycling project, a cost many agencies consider prohibitive, even with the help of available state and federal grants. Space for the new plants and jurisdictional issues are also major roadblocks. Only some wastewater agencies are water suppliers, so there would need to be collaboration across separate agencies and private companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycled water is in its infancy in our region,” Fono said. She said the barriers, mostly cost and limited land, don’t make the Bay Area an ideal place for water recycling for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many agencies, geography is also a major limitation for expanding water recycling capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984037\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut.jpg\" alt='A purple sign on a metal post reads, \"Recycled Water in Use.\" Reeds and dead tan grass are behind it.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/RS67927_230814-SiliconValleyWaterPurification-51-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign says, ‘Recycled Water in Use’ outside of the Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Aug. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amit Mutsuddy, director of wastewater for the East Bay Utility District, whose plant is sandwiched between three freeways, said he doesn’t think direct potable reuse is a likely option because of the hefty price tag and limited space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are landlocked, so we cannot expand,” he said, adding the agency is experimenting with other practices to decrease nutrients.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It will be good enough for people to drink, and that will be a huge game changer when it comes to public perception.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Lei Hong, operations manager, Santa Clara Valley Water District","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Mutsuddy’s site continuously pumps treated wastewater into the bay, several hundred feet from the shore, via a metal pipe 30 feet under the water. Much of that could be returned to the water supply, if recycling became a feasible option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an incredibly important moment,” said Meagan Mauter, a Stanford University environmental engineering professor, whose lab focuses, in part, on using renewable energy to meet the extensive power demands of wastewater treatment plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to move towards the mentality that this is what the region needs to be thinking about in order to ensure the resiliency and affordability of our water supplies,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1983997/water-recycling-bay-area-answer-drought-algae-blooms","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_572","science_4414","science_208","science_1194"],"featImg":"science_1983961","label":"science"},"science_1981687":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1981687","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1981687","score":null,"sort":[1677267014000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-bay-could-soon-have-its-first-region-wide-sea-level-rise-plan-but-no-one-to-enforce-it","title":"The Bay Could Soon Have Its First Region-Wide Sea Level Rise Plan. But Who Would Enforce It?","publishDate":1677267014,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Bay Could Soon Have Its First Region-Wide Sea Level Rise Plan. But Who Would Enforce It? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>A coalition of advocates, academics and government officials are throwing their weight behind a regional strategy to address future sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They argue that, for the plan to work, state regulators spearheading the effort need new authority to implement it — a policy idea that many stakeholders agree is necessary, but that would require the equivalent of a political Hail Mary pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to learn how to be a 21st-century sea level rise permitting agency and we’re working on addressing that right now,” said Dana Brechwald, assistant planning director for climate adaptation with the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC). She also oversees the Adapting to Rising Tides program, which seeks to help shoreline communities across nine counties plan for sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our timeline is fairly short, so we have to hit the ground running,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brechwald is leading the effort to complete the agency’s Regional Shoreline Adaptation Plan, hoping to have it completed by mid-2024 as stipulated by guidelines around more than $5 million in grant funding BCDC won from the Ocean Protection Council and the Coastal Conservancy to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brechwald’s team must get buy-in from more than 40 cities and nine counties in the region, engage environmental justice communities and develop uniform sea level rise standards. The BCDC guidance will incorporate the state’s most up-to-date sea level rise models, which come out in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the moment, preparing for rising seas is mostly a free-for-all. Counties, cities and developers are coming up with plans separately and not all to the same level of protection, which has created a patchwork of inconsistent zoning and differing interpretations of state law. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977890/the-bay-is-rising-newark-residents-wonder-why-the-city-plans-to-develop-its-shoreline\">Developers have been able to dodge regulations\u003c/a> in places like Newark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make sure we’re considering impacts on neighbors so that we don’t have this issue of one city behind a tall wall and everybody around it flooding,” said Brechwald.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of whether agency staff are able to expand BCDC’s mandate successfully, they will present a vision of what a climate-adapted Bay Area shoreline could become. But at this point, the participation of cities, counties, advocacy groups and agencies would be voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brechwald acknowledged it takes a long time to gain consensus from local governments and residents who aren’t regularly considering the effects of sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest challenge is ensuring that we’re not rushing so much, that our engagement seems cursory, or like we’re checking a box,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Centering environmental justice in their climate plans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Agency officials have created advisory groups of local elected officials and representatives from environmental justice communities. Some of the environmental justice advisers and consultants will draft an outreach strategy with the agency’s equity subcommittee in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phoenix Armenta, BCDC’s senior manager for climate equity and community engagement, works with at least six community organizations and hopes to grow that number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting down to the folks we consider to be front-line communities is one of the biggest challenges for us,” said Armenta, who took the job at BCDC after working as a regional resilience manager for the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project, a prominent East Bay environmental justice organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='left' citation='Will Travis, former executive director, BCDC']‘You can’t just expect that local government by local government will do the right thing.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armenta said the regional plan would include direct input from communities of color and people living in lower-income shoreline neighborhoods, many of which already deal with environmental burdens like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1980525/it-comes-to-race-marin-city-residents-demand-flood-protections\">flooding\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979645/see-a-map-of-hazardous-sites-at-risk-from-rising-seas\">contaminated sites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are collectively looking at how we can adjust our processes to reverse that trend and strengthen those communities, so they’re not the ones first hit,” Armenta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the regional plan to succeed, BCDC needs to treat front-line communities as climate experts, said Julio Garcia, a BCDC environmental justice adviser and director of the nonprofit Rise South City, which focuses on climate issues in South San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By validating the voices of front-line communities, people of color and [non-English] speakers, we can develop something valuable,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stakeholder concern over a voluntary approach\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many advocates, academics and officials are skeptical that this regional plan could work if it’s voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[BCDC] trying to create one document, putting an 18-month timeline on it and build a consensus of everybody, that’s just not going to happen,” said Len Materman, chief executive officer of the San Mateo County Flood and Sea Level Rise Resiliency District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa Supervisor John Gioia, who is on BCDC’s task force of elected officials, said that in his experience, it takes decades to change policies. He agreed that the voluntary nature of the project isn’t sufficient and there needs to be an agency with regional authority to get cities, counties and property owners to take sea level rise as an imminent threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no real mechanism to require implementation of the plan,” he said. “BCDC has goodwill and expertise and is there to help local jurisdictions. But in the final analysis, it doesn’t have the ability to set the conditions in many areas. And I think that’s what we really need.”[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Mark Lubell, professor, UC Davis']‘Regardless of how rational it might be from a risk management perspective, I just think the politics of it are currently not there. I just don’t see it happening.’[/pullquote]A bill vetoed by Gov. Gavin Newsom last fall, SB 867, sought to address the governance gap around planning for future rising tides by requiring local cities to complete sea level rise plans and submit them to the state for approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom blocked the bill because of “lower-than-expected revenues over the first few months of the fiscal year” and said in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/SB-867-VETO.pdf?emrc=ca7567\">veto message (PDF)\u003c/a> that bills requiring ongoing funds should be considered part of the state’s annual budget. Central Coast Democratic State Sen. John Laird reintroduced the legislation in late January as \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB272\">SB 272\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature formed BCDC to protect the bay from being filled in. To change its mission, established by the McAteer-Petris Act in 1965, would likely take new legislation. Will Travis, former executive director of BCDC, said he doesn’t believe there is enough political will to alter the law. He suggested the state create a different agency to enforce sea level rise adaptation across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For there to be any kind of a regional strategy for dealing with sea level rise, you can’t just expect that local government by local government will do the right thing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A first step could be to expand BCDC’s governance, from 100 feet from the shoreline to further inland, where future sea level rise will expand the shoreline, too. From a risk and flood management perspective, UC Davis professor Mark Lubell said growing this jurisdiction will prepare people for a far wetter future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s zero taste for new authority,” said Lubell, who studies governance, including sea level rise. “But regardless of how rational it might be from a risk management perspective, I just think the politics of it are currently not there. I just don’t see it happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brechwald, with BCDC, recently hired an assistant regulatory director for climate adaptation whose role includes analyzing whether or not BCDC’s jurisdiction and authority could expand under current law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know what changes we’re going to make,” she said. “I think we will inevitably go to some sort of mandated adaptation plan. But starting with an incentive-driven plan might be a soft launch into the expectation in the future that everybody will be doing this.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"State regulators are pushing the policy idea that many stakeholders agree is necessary, but would require the equivalent of a political Hail Mary pass.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846083,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1378},"headData":{"title":"The Bay Could Soon Have Its First Region-Wide Sea Level Rise Plan. But Who Would Enforce It? | KQED","description":"State regulators are pushing the policy idea that many stakeholders agree is necessary, but would require the equivalent of a political Hail Mary pass.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Bay Could Soon Have Its First Region-Wide Sea Level Rise Plan. But Who Would Enforce It?","datePublished":"2023-02-24T19:30:14.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:21:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1981687/the-bay-could-soon-have-its-first-region-wide-sea-level-rise-plan-but-no-one-to-enforce-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A coalition of advocates, academics and government officials are throwing their weight behind a regional strategy to address future sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They argue that, for the plan to work, state regulators spearheading the effort need new authority to implement it — a policy idea that many stakeholders agree is necessary, but that would require the equivalent of a political Hail Mary pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to learn how to be a 21st-century sea level rise permitting agency and we’re working on addressing that right now,” said Dana Brechwald, assistant planning director for climate adaptation with the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC). She also oversees the Adapting to Rising Tides program, which seeks to help shoreline communities across nine counties plan for sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our timeline is fairly short, so we have to hit the ground running,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brechwald is leading the effort to complete the agency’s Regional Shoreline Adaptation Plan, hoping to have it completed by mid-2024 as stipulated by guidelines around more than $5 million in grant funding BCDC won from the Ocean Protection Council and the Coastal Conservancy to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brechwald’s team must get buy-in from more than 40 cities and nine counties in the region, engage environmental justice communities and develop uniform sea level rise standards. The BCDC guidance will incorporate the state’s most up-to-date sea level rise models, which come out in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the moment, preparing for rising seas is mostly a free-for-all. Counties, cities and developers are coming up with plans separately and not all to the same level of protection, which has created a patchwork of inconsistent zoning and differing interpretations of state law. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977890/the-bay-is-rising-newark-residents-wonder-why-the-city-plans-to-develop-its-shoreline\">Developers have been able to dodge regulations\u003c/a> in places like Newark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make sure we’re considering impacts on neighbors so that we don’t have this issue of one city behind a tall wall and everybody around it flooding,” said Brechwald.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of whether agency staff are able to expand BCDC’s mandate successfully, they will present a vision of what a climate-adapted Bay Area shoreline could become. But at this point, the participation of cities, counties, advocacy groups and agencies would be voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brechwald acknowledged it takes a long time to gain consensus from local governments and residents who aren’t regularly considering the effects of sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest challenge is ensuring that we’re not rushing so much, that our engagement seems cursory, or like we’re checking a box,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Centering environmental justice in their climate plans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Agency officials have created advisory groups of local elected officials and representatives from environmental justice communities. Some of the environmental justice advisers and consultants will draft an outreach strategy with the agency’s equity subcommittee in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phoenix Armenta, BCDC’s senior manager for climate equity and community engagement, works with at least six community organizations and hopes to grow that number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting down to the folks we consider to be front-line communities is one of the biggest challenges for us,” said Armenta, who took the job at BCDC after working as a regional resilience manager for the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project, a prominent East Bay environmental justice organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘You can’t just expect that local government by local government will do the right thing.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","align":"left","citation":"Will Travis, former executive director, BCDC","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armenta said the regional plan would include direct input from communities of color and people living in lower-income shoreline neighborhoods, many of which already deal with environmental burdens like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1980525/it-comes-to-race-marin-city-residents-demand-flood-protections\">flooding\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979645/see-a-map-of-hazardous-sites-at-risk-from-rising-seas\">contaminated sites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are collectively looking at how we can adjust our processes to reverse that trend and strengthen those communities, so they’re not the ones first hit,” Armenta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the regional plan to succeed, BCDC needs to treat front-line communities as climate experts, said Julio Garcia, a BCDC environmental justice adviser and director of the nonprofit Rise South City, which focuses on climate issues in South San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By validating the voices of front-line communities, people of color and [non-English] speakers, we can develop something valuable,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stakeholder concern over a voluntary approach\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many advocates, academics and officials are skeptical that this regional plan could work if it’s voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[BCDC] trying to create one document, putting an 18-month timeline on it and build a consensus of everybody, that’s just not going to happen,” said Len Materman, chief executive officer of the San Mateo County Flood and Sea Level Rise Resiliency District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa Supervisor John Gioia, who is on BCDC’s task force of elected officials, said that in his experience, it takes decades to change policies. He agreed that the voluntary nature of the project isn’t sufficient and there needs to be an agency with regional authority to get cities, counties and property owners to take sea level rise as an imminent threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no real mechanism to require implementation of the plan,” he said. “BCDC has goodwill and expertise and is there to help local jurisdictions. But in the final analysis, it doesn’t have the ability to set the conditions in many areas. And I think that’s what we really need.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Regardless of how rational it might be from a risk management perspective, I just think the politics of it are currently not there. I just don’t see it happening.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","align":"right","citation":"Mark Lubell, professor, UC Davis","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A bill vetoed by Gov. Gavin Newsom last fall, SB 867, sought to address the governance gap around planning for future rising tides by requiring local cities to complete sea level rise plans and submit them to the state for approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom blocked the bill because of “lower-than-expected revenues over the first few months of the fiscal year” and said in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/SB-867-VETO.pdf?emrc=ca7567\">veto message (PDF)\u003c/a> that bills requiring ongoing funds should be considered part of the state’s annual budget. Central Coast Democratic State Sen. John Laird reintroduced the legislation in late January as \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB272\">SB 272\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature formed BCDC to protect the bay from being filled in. To change its mission, established by the McAteer-Petris Act in 1965, would likely take new legislation. Will Travis, former executive director of BCDC, said he doesn’t believe there is enough political will to alter the law. He suggested the state create a different agency to enforce sea level rise adaptation across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For there to be any kind of a regional strategy for dealing with sea level rise, you can’t just expect that local government by local government will do the right thing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A first step could be to expand BCDC’s governance, from 100 feet from the shoreline to further inland, where future sea level rise will expand the shoreline, too. From a risk and flood management perspective, UC Davis professor Mark Lubell said growing this jurisdiction will prepare people for a far wetter future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s zero taste for new authority,” said Lubell, who studies governance, including sea level rise. “But regardless of how rational it might be from a risk management perspective, I just think the politics of it are currently not there. I just don’t see it happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brechwald, with BCDC, recently hired an assistant regulatory director for climate adaptation whose role includes analyzing whether or not BCDC’s jurisdiction and authority could expand under current law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know what changes we’re going to make,” she said. “I think we will inevitably go to some sort of mandated adaptation plan. But starting with an incentive-driven plan might be a soft launch into the expectation in the future that everybody will be doing this.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1981687/the-bay-could-soon-have-its-first-region-wide-sea-level-rise-plan-but-no-one-to-enforce-it","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_856","science_4414","science_208","science_206"],"featImg":"science_1975436","label":"science"},"science_1920965":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1920965","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1920965","score":null,"sort":[1520898505000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-francisco-bay-shellfish-are-loaded-with-toxins-study-finds","title":"San Francisco Bay Shellfish Are Loaded With Toxins, Study Finds","publishDate":1520898505,"format":"standard","headTitle":"San Francisco Bay Shellfish Are Loaded With Toxins, Study Finds | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A whopping 99 percent of mussels collected from the San Francisco Bay were contaminated with at least one algal toxin, while more than a third contained four different kinds of algal toxins, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988318300258\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988318300258\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003c/a>published in the March issue of the scientific journal, \u003cem>Harmful Algae\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contamination levels were often high enough to make people and animals sick, according to researchers at the U\u003cspan id=\"\">niversity of California, Santa Cruz. Their findings revealed that c\u003c/span>ontamination levels “greatly exceeded” regulatory guidelines for multiple toxins in 2012, 2014, and 2015.[contextly_sidebar id=”VZ7twXvSlZ6p2W7R5hF8UnzAhBBoGGxP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first time we’ve found all four of those toxins, including both freshwater and marine toxins, in the same mussel samples,” says lead author and ocean scientist Raphael Kudela. “A big concern is that we don’t know what happens if someone is exposed to multiple toxins at the same time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Bay, where freshwwater and marine waters converge, acts as a “big mixing bowl” where toxins collect, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consuming algal toxins — toxic substances released by certain algae — can have detrimental health effects in people and animals. In humans, it can produce allergic reactions such as skin rashes, respiratory symptoms, gastroenteritis, even liver and kidney failure or death, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/national-aquatic-resource-surveys/indicators-algal-toxins-microcystin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘A big concern is that we don’t know what happens if someone is exposed to multiple toxins at the same time.’\u003ccite>Dr. Raphael Kudela\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">Although there are no commercial shellfish operations in San Francisco Bay, individuals harvest shellfish for their own consumption, according to the report. Online blogs feature some of the best locations along the bay to collect shellfish, including places where researchers say they found the highest toxin levels.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how widespread it is, but I wouldn’t recommend harvesting shellfish from the bay,” warns Kudela, “even if you’re following the state quarantine guidelines, because the state only monitors the open coast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mussel Samples\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nResearchers began tracking algal toxin levels in 2011 using water quality surveys issued by the U.S. Geological Survey. Initially, they looked for two kinds of algal toxins: domoic acid and microcystins. When they found both, researchers began testing mussels for other contaminants and found that they not only contained the first two substances, but two additional kinds of algal toxins — paralytic shellfish and dinophysis shellfish toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, mussel samples often exceeded recommended guidelines for human consumption for both microcystins and \u003cem>Dinophysis\u003c/em> shellfish toxins. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/national-aquatic-resource-surveys/indicators-algal-toxins-microcystin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EPA lists\u003c/a> microcystins as a possible human carcinogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levels of domoic acid and paralytic shellfish toxins were lower than the regulatory limits, but \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/content/qt9vm5m5ct/qt9vm5m5ct.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some studies\u003c/a> suggest repeated exposure to even low levels of these toxins may cause neurological disorders.[contextly_sidebar id=”8st0m0rgfavfMo8lG1TQpIcPkT62cfeg”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">The study says ocean warming and the recent drought may have contributed to the situation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">“Drought potentially brought some of the marine toxins further into the bay because there was less river flow, and it probably intensified the freshwater toxins,” Kudela says. “We don’t think the toxins were only there because of the drought, but it could have amplified things.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">Local and federal agencies have begun to review their monitoring programs as a result of the findings. But in areas like San Francisco Bay it can be difficult to determine who is responsible for monitoring the waters.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">“We need to look at coastal areas more holistically,” says Kudela, “so we don’t end up with a regulatory gray area where nobody’s monitoring the shellfish but people are still eating them.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A whopping 99 percent of mussels collected from the San Francisco Bay were contaminated.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928124,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":631},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Bay Shellfish Are Loaded With Toxins, Study Finds | KQED","description":"A whopping 99 percent of mussels collected from the San Francisco Bay were contaminated.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"San Francisco Bay Shellfish Are Loaded With Toxins, Study Finds","datePublished":"2018-03-12T23:48:25.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:08:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1920965/san-francisco-bay-shellfish-are-loaded-with-toxins-study-finds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A whopping 99 percent of mussels collected from the San Francisco Bay were contaminated with at least one algal toxin, while more than a third contained four different kinds of algal toxins, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988318300258\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988318300258\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003c/a>published in the March issue of the scientific journal, \u003cem>Harmful Algae\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contamination levels were often high enough to make people and animals sick, according to researchers at the U\u003cspan id=\"\">niversity of California, Santa Cruz. Their findings revealed that c\u003c/span>ontamination levels “greatly exceeded” regulatory guidelines for multiple toxins in 2012, 2014, and 2015.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first time we’ve found all four of those toxins, including both freshwater and marine toxins, in the same mussel samples,” says lead author and ocean scientist Raphael Kudela. “A big concern is that we don’t know what happens if someone is exposed to multiple toxins at the same time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Bay, where freshwwater and marine waters converge, acts as a “big mixing bowl” where toxins collect, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consuming algal toxins — toxic substances released by certain algae — can have detrimental health effects in people and animals. In humans, it can produce allergic reactions such as skin rashes, respiratory symptoms, gastroenteritis, even liver and kidney failure or death, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/national-aquatic-resource-surveys/indicators-algal-toxins-microcystin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘A big concern is that we don’t know what happens if someone is exposed to multiple toxins at the same time.’\u003ccite>Dr. Raphael Kudela\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">Although there are no commercial shellfish operations in San Francisco Bay, individuals harvest shellfish for their own consumption, according to the report. Online blogs feature some of the best locations along the bay to collect shellfish, including places where researchers say they found the highest toxin levels.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how widespread it is, but I wouldn’t recommend harvesting shellfish from the bay,” warns Kudela, “even if you’re following the state quarantine guidelines, because the state only monitors the open coast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mussel Samples\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nResearchers began tracking algal toxin levels in 2011 using water quality surveys issued by the U.S. Geological Survey. Initially, they looked for two kinds of algal toxins: domoic acid and microcystins. When they found both, researchers began testing mussels for other contaminants and found that they not only contained the first two substances, but two additional kinds of algal toxins — paralytic shellfish and dinophysis shellfish toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, mussel samples often exceeded recommended guidelines for human consumption for both microcystins and \u003cem>Dinophysis\u003c/em> shellfish toxins. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/national-aquatic-resource-surveys/indicators-algal-toxins-microcystin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EPA lists\u003c/a> microcystins as a possible human carcinogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levels of domoic acid and paralytic shellfish toxins were lower than the regulatory limits, but \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/content/qt9vm5m5ct/qt9vm5m5ct.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some studies\u003c/a> suggest repeated exposure to even low levels of these toxins may cause neurological disorders.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">The study says ocean warming and the recent drought may have contributed to the situation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">“Drought potentially brought some of the marine toxins further into the bay because there was less river flow, and it probably intensified the freshwater toxins,” Kudela says. “We don’t think the toxins were only there because of the drought, but it could have amplified things.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">Local and federal agencies have begun to review their monitoring programs as a result of the findings. But in areas like San Francisco Bay it can be difficult to determine who is responsible for monitoring the waters.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">“We need to look at coastal areas more holistically,” says Kudela, “so we don’t end up with a regulatory gray area where nobody’s monitoring the shellfish but people are still eating them.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1920965/san-francisco-bay-shellfish-are-loaded-with-toxins-study-finds","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_36","science_39","science_3424","science_40","science_2873"],"tags":["science_3370","science_2688","science_843","science_208","science_3243"],"featImg":"science_1920987","label":"source_science_1920965"},"science_1918301":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1918301","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1918301","score":null,"sort":[1513238497000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-are-those-weird-pink-ponds-in-san-francisco-bay","title":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?","publishDate":1513238497,"format":"image","headTitle":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Passengers flying into Bay Area airports usually spot them out the window: huge, colorful ponds, hugging the shoreline of the bay. The patchwork of brown, green and pink looks like a bizarre quilt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re known as the “salt ponds,” and Bay Curious listener Ann Vercoutere has wondered about them since her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’d drive by on the old Bayshore Freeway, you’d see these big piles of salt,” she says. “So, my question is: what’s the process of how they go from dirty bay water into salt that comes out white from my salt shaker?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>143 Billion Bowls of Popcorn\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Those giant piles of salt actually hold of piece of the Bay Area’s history going back to the Gold Rush and reflect the legacy of environmental change since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, they also hold a lot of seasoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The salt stack is 80 feet tall and about 800 feet wide,” says Maria Alizo-Martell of Cargill, Inc., standing next to the 500,000-ton pile. By rough estimate, it would season 143 billion bowls of popcorn, give or take, depending on how salty you like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piles are at Cargill’s Newark facility, where the final harvest takes place. But it begins in San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salty water from the bay is captured in vast ponds, where it starts to evaporate because of heat from the sun and drying by the wind. At first, the ponds are green or brownish in color, like the bay itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918307\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1918307 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/SP_V05_171212.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation shows the movement of reddish salt brine through Cargill’s Newark ponds over the course of 2017. \u003ccite>(Images provided by Planet)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the salt water becomes more concentrated, it’s moved into other ponds where the color becomes more yellowish. Finally, in the last stage, the “pickle” brine, as it’s known, starts turning pink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like pink,” says Alizo-Martell with a chuckle, walking across a shallow pond with an inch of pink water. It covers a thick layer of crusty salt and looks like a giant, raspberry snow cone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/bay-curious/2017/12/salt-ponds.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/3526386886_f2139fe9ab_o-e1513209482229.jpg\" Title=\"LISTEN: What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?\" program=\"Bay Curious\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t Call it a “Salt Pond”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“This is what we call a crystallizer bed,” says Cargill’s Pat Mapelli. “This is very engineered, managed and manicured, where everything has been rolled, graded, sloped and compacted. Whereas a salt pond is essentially a diked off area that has been flooded with salt water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibrant pink hue comes from a natural source: halobacterium and microscopic algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the water gets saltier, some microbes can’t hack it and they die off. But others are specially adapted to salty conditions and they flourish, changing the color of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918310\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt-loving microbes color the water before harvest. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they get stressed as the salinity increases, they produce that red color,” says Alizo-Martell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The saltier the water, the redder the microbes get. That color aids in the salt-making process by absorbing sunlight and increasing evaporation. Clear water doesn’t absorb as much light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once several inches of salt form, Cargill begins the harvest, which lasts from September to December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just beautiful,” says Alizo-Martell, picking up a handful of the flaky, white cubes. “It’s so weather dependent. You had a bad year, you get not much salt.” A lot of rain slows down the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918312\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The massive salt stack in Newark holds 500,000 tons. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In all, it takes three years and a thousand gallons of bay water to produce just one pound of salt. From here, it goes to a refinery where it’s cleaned, sized and sold as sea salt, bearing the Morton’s or Diamond Crystal brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 3 percent of the salt ends up on our table. The rest supplies a huge range of industrial processes, from pharmaceuticals to food production, water treatment and road salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Gold Rush History\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, the Bay Area may not be what it is today without its salt. Harvesting salt from the Bay dates back to Native American groups like the Ohlone, but demand really picked up in the 1850s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As people migrated from the east to the west, mostly around the discovery of gold, there was a need for salt,” says Mapelli. “Everybody traveled with salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without refrigeration, salt was how people preserved food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was almost worth its weight in gold,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salt-making boomed through the 1970s, when Cargill bought the operation. 44,000 acres of the bay were in production then, but today, it’s just 8,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the market for salt shifted and so did our view of what San Francisco Bay should be. The salt ponds used to be marshes, which, around the time of the Gold Rush, were seen as wasteland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only three percent ends up as table salt. The rest goes to industry. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There was an encouragement by both the state and federal government to put what they considered wasteland or swamp and overflow lands into economic use,” Mapelli says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Bay has lost more than 80 percent of its marshes. So, in 2003, the federal and state governments bought thousands of acres of ponds from Cargill. In the biggest ecosystem restoration project on the West Coast, the ponds are being reconnected to the Bay and restored to their original status as marshlands to support wildlife and act as buffers against rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Bay Curious questioner Ann Vercoutere, the ponds are one of the few things that haven’t changed from her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was a kid in Mountain View, “there were lots of orchards around,” she says. “Some of our summer jobs were going to work picking Italian prune plums with the migrant workers. Shoreline Amphitheater was the city dump. That was always a fun Saturday to go with our dad and pick through the dump and look for stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the salt ponds border some of the most expensive real estate in the nation, not far from gleaming tech campuses. The chances of starting a large, industrial salt-making operation in the Bay today are effectively zilch, for financial and environmental reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the long, colorful history, Cargill still holds rights to make salt, which really, is the only way salt-harvesting has stuck around amid the intense development pressure of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The answer might be sitting on your kitchen table right now.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928268,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1179},"headData":{"title":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay? | KQED","description":"The answer might be sitting on your kitchen table right now.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?","datePublished":"2017-12-14T08:01:37.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:11:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Bay Curious","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/12/WEBversionSaltPondswithfunder.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1918301/what-are-those-weird-pink-ponds-in-san-francisco-bay","audioDuration":475000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Passengers flying into Bay Area airports usually spot them out the window: huge, colorful ponds, hugging the shoreline of the bay. The patchwork of brown, green and pink looks like a bizarre quilt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re known as the “salt ponds,” and Bay Curious listener Ann Vercoutere has wondered about them since her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’d drive by on the old Bayshore Freeway, you’d see these big piles of salt,” she says. “So, my question is: what’s the process of how they go from dirty bay water into salt that comes out white from my salt shaker?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>143 Billion Bowls of Popcorn\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Those giant piles of salt actually hold of piece of the Bay Area’s history going back to the Gold Rush and reflect the legacy of environmental change since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, they also hold a lot of seasoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The salt stack is 80 feet tall and about 800 feet wide,” says Maria Alizo-Martell of Cargill, Inc., standing next to the 500,000-ton pile. By rough estimate, it would season 143 billion bowls of popcorn, give or take, depending on how salty you like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piles are at Cargill’s Newark facility, where the final harvest takes place. But it begins in San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salty water from the bay is captured in vast ponds, where it starts to evaporate because of heat from the sun and drying by the wind. At first, the ponds are green or brownish in color, like the bay itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918307\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1918307 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/SP_V05_171212.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation shows the movement of reddish salt brine through Cargill’s Newark ponds over the course of 2017. \u003ccite>(Images provided by Planet)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the salt water becomes more concentrated, it’s moved into other ponds where the color becomes more yellowish. Finally, in the last stage, the “pickle” brine, as it’s known, starts turning pink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We like pink,” says Alizo-Martell with a chuckle, walking across a shallow pond with an inch of pink water. It covers a thick layer of crusty salt and looks like a giant, raspberry snow cone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/bay-curious/2017/12/salt-ponds.mp3","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/3526386886_f2139fe9ab_o-e1513209482229.jpg","title":"LISTEN: What Are Those Weird, Pink Ponds in San Francisco Bay?","program":"Bay Curious","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t Call it a “Salt Pond”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“This is what we call a crystallizer bed,” says Cargill’s Pat Mapelli. “This is very engineered, managed and manicured, where everything has been rolled, graded, sloped and compacted. Whereas a salt pond is essentially a diked off area that has been flooded with salt water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibrant pink hue comes from a natural source: halobacterium and microscopic algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the water gets saltier, some microbes can’t hack it and they die off. But others are specially adapted to salty conditions and they flourish, changing the color of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918310\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salt-loving microbes color the water before harvest. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they get stressed as the salinity increases, they produce that red color,” says Alizo-Martell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The saltier the water, the redder the microbes get. That color aids in the salt-making process by absorbing sunlight and increasing evaporation. Clear water doesn’t absorb as much light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once several inches of salt form, Cargill begins the harvest, which lasts from September to December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just beautiful,” says Alizo-Martell, picking up a handful of the flaky, white cubes. “It’s so weather dependent. You had a bad year, you get not much salt.” A lot of rain slows down the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918312\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web3-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The massive salt stack in Newark holds 500,000 tons. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In all, it takes three years and a thousand gallons of bay water to produce just one pound of salt. From here, it goes to a refinery where it’s cleaned, sized and sold as sea salt, bearing the Morton’s or Diamond Crystal brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 3 percent of the salt ends up on our table. The rest supplies a huge range of industrial processes, from pharmaceuticals to food production, water treatment and road salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Gold Rush History\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, the Bay Area may not be what it is today without its salt. Harvesting salt from the Bay dates back to Native American groups like the Ohlone, but demand really picked up in the 1850s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As people migrated from the east to the west, mostly around the discovery of gold, there was a need for salt,” says Mapelli. “Everybody traveled with salt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without refrigeration, salt was how people preserved food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was almost worth its weight in gold,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salt-making boomed through the 1970s, when Cargill bought the operation. 44,000 acres of the bay were in production then, but today, it’s just 8,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the market for salt shifted and so did our view of what San Francisco Bay should be. The salt ponds used to be marshes, which, around the time of the Gold Rush, were seen as wasteland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/12/salt-ponds-web5-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only three percent ends up as table salt. The rest goes to industry. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There was an encouragement by both the state and federal government to put what they considered wasteland or swamp and overflow lands into economic use,” Mapelli says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Bay has lost more than 80 percent of its marshes. So, in 2003, the federal and state governments bought thousands of acres of ponds from Cargill. In the biggest ecosystem restoration project on the West Coast, the ponds are being reconnected to the Bay and restored to their original status as marshlands to support wildlife and act as buffers against rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Bay Curious questioner Ann Vercoutere, the ponds are one of the few things that haven’t changed from her childhood in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was a kid in Mountain View, “there were lots of orchards around,” she says. “Some of our summer jobs were going to work picking Italian prune plums with the migrant workers. Shoreline Amphitheater was the city dump. That was always a fun Saturday to go with our dad and pick through the dump and look for stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the salt ponds border some of the most expensive real estate in the nation, not far from gleaming tech campuses. The chances of starting a large, industrial salt-making operation in the Bay today are effectively zilch, for financial and environmental reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the long, colorful history, Cargill still holds rights to make salt, which really, is the only way salt-harvesting has stuck around amid the intense development pressure of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1918301/what-are-those-weird-pink-ponds-in-san-francisco-bay","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_3370","science_507","science_670","science_208"],"featImg":"science_1918302","label":"source_science_1918301"},"science_758072":{"type":"posts","id":"science_758072","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"758072","score":null,"sort":[1465372697000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-francisco-bay-restoration-measure-in-close-race","title":"San Francisco Bay Restoration Measure Clears Two-Thirds Hurdle","publishDate":1465372697,"format":"standard","headTitle":"San Francisco Bay Restoration Measure Clears Two-Thirds Hurdle | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>A measure to restore San Francisco Bay wetlands and prepare for sea level rise appears to have passed with about 69 percent of the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Wednesday morning, unofficial counts had \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/09/measure-aa-asks-bay-area-residents-to-help-protect-against-sea-level-rise/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Measure AA \u003c/a>clearing the required two-thirds vote by more than 31,000 votes. That’s a margin unlikely to be overcome by the few ballots yet to be counted. The $12 per year parcel tax would raise $500 million over 20 years for environmental restoration. The measure requires a two-thirds margin of all the votes cast among counties surrounding the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters worked for more than a decade to put the rare, all-Bay Area measure on the ballot. Thousands of acres of the bay’s shoreline are slated for restoration, but have lacked a funding source. Around 80 percent of the bay’s wetlands have been lost since the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People in the Bay Area love San Francisco Bay,” said David Lewis, executive director or Save the Bay. “They want it to be clean and healthy. The money raised by Measure AA could restore 10,000 to 15,000 acres of tidal marsh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also one of the first times climate change adaptation has been put before voters. Sea level could rise 2 feet by midcentury and Measure AA supporters say wetlands are a key strategy in the face of rising water, since they absorb storm surges and protect important infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some anti-tax groups opposed the measure, saying a flat $12 per parcel would be unfair. Low-income households would pay the same as large tech campuses located right on the shoreline, like Google and Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA doesn’t specify exactly what restoration would take place. Instead, restoration projects would apply to the San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority, a special governing board made up of local elected officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of the $25 million raised each year would be given out based on geographic region, while the other half could be allocated to any county. The projects must meet specific goals, like restoring habitat for wildlife, protecting shoreline communities from floods or improving water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parcel tax would begin in tax year 2017, with the first restoration funds being awarded in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Measure AA marks one of the first instances that climate change adaptation has been put before voters. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930086,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":383},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Bay Restoration Measure Clears Two-Thirds Hurdle | KQED","description":"Measure AA marks one of the first instances that climate change adaptation has been put before voters. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"San Francisco Bay Restoration Measure Clears Two-Thirds Hurdle","datePublished":"2016-06-08T07:58:17.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:41:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/758072/san-francisco-bay-restoration-measure-in-close-race","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A measure to restore San Francisco Bay wetlands and prepare for sea level rise appears to have passed with about 69 percent of the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Wednesday morning, unofficial counts had \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/09/measure-aa-asks-bay-area-residents-to-help-protect-against-sea-level-rise/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Measure AA \u003c/a>clearing the required two-thirds vote by more than 31,000 votes. That’s a margin unlikely to be overcome by the few ballots yet to be counted. The $12 per year parcel tax would raise $500 million over 20 years for environmental restoration. The measure requires a two-thirds margin of all the votes cast among counties surrounding the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters worked for more than a decade to put the rare, all-Bay Area measure on the ballot. Thousands of acres of the bay’s shoreline are slated for restoration, but have lacked a funding source. Around 80 percent of the bay’s wetlands have been lost since the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People in the Bay Area love San Francisco Bay,” said David Lewis, executive director or Save the Bay. “They want it to be clean and healthy. The money raised by Measure AA could restore 10,000 to 15,000 acres of tidal marsh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also one of the first times climate change adaptation has been put before voters. Sea level could rise 2 feet by midcentury and Measure AA supporters say wetlands are a key strategy in the face of rising water, since they absorb storm surges and protect important infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some anti-tax groups opposed the measure, saying a flat $12 per parcel would be unfair. Low-income households would pay the same as large tech campuses located right on the shoreline, like Google and Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA doesn’t specify exactly what restoration would take place. Instead, restoration projects would apply to the San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority, a special governing board made up of local elected officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of the $25 million raised each year would be given out based on geographic region, while the other half could be allocated to any county. The projects must meet specific goals, like restoring habitat for wildlife, protecting shoreline communities from floods or improving water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parcel tax would begin in tax year 2017, with the first restoration funds being awarded in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/758072/san-francisco-bay-restoration-measure-in-close-race","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_2006","science_208","science_206","science_207"],"featImg":"science_758073","label":"science"},"science_677501":{"type":"posts","id":"science_677501","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"677501","score":null,"sort":[1462807853000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"measure-aa-asks-bay-area-residents-to-help-protect-against-sea-level-rise","title":"Measure AA Asks Bay Area Residents to Help Protect Against Sea Level Rise","publishDate":1462807853,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Measure AA Asks Bay Area Residents to Help Protect Against Sea Level Rise | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\t \t \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/05/WEBMeasureAASommer160509.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea levels are expected to rise significantly by mid-century, threatening airports and major highways around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A first-of-its-kind measure on the June ballot is designed to jump-start the Bay Area’s preparation for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA would create a new property tax in the nine Bay Area counties to restore tidal marshes and help secure flood protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s only a latte a month. That’s the phrase that the tax-and-spend crowd really likes to use. Bet you dollars to donuts that we’re going to hear that.’\u003ccite>Jon Coupal, Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Asociation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to one study, $62 billion of property around San Francisco Bay is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been parts of 101 and other roads that have been underwater in the recent past,” says Mike Mielke of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, “and that’s only a small taste of what’s to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax would be the same for low-income families who have a small home and for tech companies with a large campus located right on the shoreline, like Google and Facebook. And that’s causing some controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Measure AA Would Do\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMeasure AA would implement a $12-a-year parcel tax, raising about half a billion dollars over 20 years. The money would go toward building up the bay’s defense against sea level rise by restoring marshes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The marshes are a great buffer because the plants in the wetlands slow down the wave action and reduce the flooding,” says David Lewis, executive director of the non-profit Save the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-lying plants in tidal marshes, such as those on the Richmond shoreline, act like sponges, Lewis says, absorbing surges from big waves and floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 80 percent of the bay’s marshes have been lost since the Gold Rush, many paved over for development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were filled in to create dumps for the cities here in the East Bay and where the population put its garbage for decades,” says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 30,000 acres of restoration projects around the bay are in need of funding. Lewis says Measure AA could help implement about a third of them and draw down federal grants that are awarded only when local funds are being spent as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sites at Risk From Sea Level Rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scientists say the sea level could rise up to 55 inches by 2100; new estimates coming out soon could put that number higher.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqedscience.cartodb.com/viz/76c95b64-13b9-11e6-8913-0ecfd53eb7d3/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003csup>SOURCE: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Teodros Hailye/KQED Science)\u003c/sup>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why It’s Controversial\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSupporters must convince voters who live nowhere near the shoreline that restoration has benefits for them too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very tiny tax shared by a lot of people that generates a huge amount of benefit for San Francisco Bay for people and wildlife,” says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only a latte a month,” says Jon Coupal, president of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association. “That’s the phrase that the tax-and-spend crowd really likes to use. Bet you dollars to donuts that we’re going to hear that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Coupal sees it, the problem with Measure AA is that everyone would pay the same no matter the size of their property or how much they would benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it is a struggling farmworker family in a very modest bungalow in Gilroy or the Apple campus there in Silicon Valley,” he says. “So obviously there are equity issues with respect to this particular proposal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waterfront views have long been a draw for many companies around the Bay Area, like Facebook. Its Menlo Park campus is surrounded by water on two sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get the beautiful view of the bay,” says Facebook’s public policy manager Juan Salazar, standing on the nine-acre green roof on top of the company’s newest building. “On a good day, you can actually see Oakland from here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_677503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-677503\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Facebook's headquarters in Menlo Park sits right on the bay waterfront.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook’s headquarters in Menlo Park sit right on the bay waterfront. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scenic location is also becoming a liability for Facebook and half a dozen other tech giants on the shore. Scientists say sea level could rise more than a foot by mid-century and up to five feet by the end of the century, depending on how climate change plays out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar says Facebook is already planning for that. “The building that you’re sitting in right now, we were built above a floodplain,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Salazar says there’s more to be done both to protect businesses and the roads and freeways in the area. Mike Mielke of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group agrees the measure is focused on airports, roads, and neighborhoods. He says tech companies will take care of protecting themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the public infrastructure that we all share in and we all have a risk associated with if it’s flooded,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coupal isn’t against bay restoration, but would rather see it paid for through the state’s general fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Measure AA Is a First\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIf the measure passes, it’ll be a first. Coastal cities like New Orleans have turned to federal grants to protect themselves. But raising money directly from the public for climate change could be a model for other coastal areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA will need two-thirds of all the votes cast in the nine counties around the bay to pass. Voters will decide June 7th.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The measure would establish a $12 annual parcel tax to restore tidal marshes and help defend against sea level rise.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930207,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://kqedscience.cartodb.com/viz/76c95b64-13b9-11e6-8913-0ecfd53eb7d3/embed_map"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":976},"headData":{"title":"Measure AA Asks Bay Area Residents to Help Protect Against Sea Level Rise | KQED","description":"The measure would establish a $12 annual parcel tax to restore tidal marshes and help defend against sea level rise.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Measure AA Asks Bay Area Residents to Help Protect Against Sea Level Rise","datePublished":"2016-05-09T15:30:53.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:43:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/677501/measure-aa-asks-bay-area-residents-to-help-protect-against-sea-level-rise","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/05/WEBMeasureAASommer160509.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\t \t \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/05/WEBMeasureAASommer160509.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sea levels are expected to rise significantly by mid-century, threatening airports and major highways around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A first-of-its-kind measure on the June ballot is designed to jump-start the Bay Area’s preparation for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA would create a new property tax in the nine Bay Area counties to restore tidal marshes and help secure flood protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s only a latte a month. That’s the phrase that the tax-and-spend crowd really likes to use. Bet you dollars to donuts that we’re going to hear that.’\u003ccite>Jon Coupal, Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Asociation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to one study, $62 billion of property around San Francisco Bay is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been parts of 101 and other roads that have been underwater in the recent past,” says Mike Mielke of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, “and that’s only a small taste of what’s to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax would be the same for low-income families who have a small home and for tech companies with a large campus located right on the shoreline, like Google and Facebook. And that’s causing some controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Measure AA Would Do\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMeasure AA would implement a $12-a-year parcel tax, raising about half a billion dollars over 20 years. The money would go toward building up the bay’s defense against sea level rise by restoring marshes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The marshes are a great buffer because the plants in the wetlands slow down the wave action and reduce the flooding,” says David Lewis, executive director of the non-profit Save the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-lying plants in tidal marshes, such as those on the Richmond shoreline, act like sponges, Lewis says, absorbing surges from big waves and floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 80 percent of the bay’s marshes have been lost since the Gold Rush, many paved over for development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were filled in to create dumps for the cities here in the East Bay and where the population put its garbage for decades,” says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 30,000 acres of restoration projects around the bay are in need of funding. Lewis says Measure AA could help implement about a third of them and draw down federal grants that are awarded only when local funds are being spent as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sites at Risk From Sea Level Rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scientists say the sea level could rise up to 55 inches by 2100; new estimates coming out soon could put that number higher.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqedscience.cartodb.com/viz/76c95b64-13b9-11e6-8913-0ecfd53eb7d3/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003csup>SOURCE: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Teodros Hailye/KQED Science)\u003c/sup>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why It’s Controversial\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSupporters must convince voters who live nowhere near the shoreline that restoration has benefits for them too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very tiny tax shared by a lot of people that generates a huge amount of benefit for San Francisco Bay for people and wildlife,” says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only a latte a month,” says Jon Coupal, president of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association. “That’s the phrase that the tax-and-spend crowd really likes to use. Bet you dollars to donuts that we’re going to hear that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Coupal sees it, the problem with Measure AA is that everyone would pay the same no matter the size of their property or how much they would benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it is a struggling farmworker family in a very modest bungalow in Gilroy or the Apple campus there in Silicon Valley,” he says. “So obviously there are equity issues with respect to this particular proposal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waterfront views have long been a draw for many companies around the Bay Area, like Facebook. Its Menlo Park campus is surrounded by water on two sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get the beautiful view of the bay,” says Facebook’s public policy manager Juan Salazar, standing on the nine-acre green roof on top of the company’s newest building. “On a good day, you can actually see Oakland from here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_677503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-677503\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Facebook's headquarters in Menlo Park sits right on the bay waterfront.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook’s headquarters in Menlo Park sit right on the bay waterfront. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scenic location is also becoming a liability for Facebook and half a dozen other tech giants on the shore. Scientists say sea level could rise more than a foot by mid-century and up to five feet by the end of the century, depending on how climate change plays out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar says Facebook is already planning for that. “The building that you’re sitting in right now, we were built above a floodplain,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Salazar says there’s more to be done both to protect businesses and the roads and freeways in the area. Mike Mielke of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group agrees the measure is focused on airports, roads, and neighborhoods. He says tech companies will take care of protecting themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the public infrastructure that we all share in and we all have a risk associated with if it’s flooded,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coupal isn’t against bay restoration, but would rather see it paid for through the state’s general fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Measure AA Is a First\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIf the measure passes, it’ll be a first. Coastal cities like New Orleans have turned to federal grants to protect themselves. But raising money directly from the public for climate change could be a model for other coastal areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA will need two-thirds of all the votes cast in the nine counties around the bay to pass. Voters will decide June 7th.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/677501/measure-aa-asks-bay-area-residents-to-help-protect-against-sea-level-rise","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_46","science_31","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_208"],"featImg":"science_677502","label":"science"},"science_468856":{"type":"posts","id":"science_468856","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"468856","score":null,"sort":[1452724130000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"would-you-pay-12-a-year-to-fight-sea-level-rise","title":"Would You Pay $12 a Year to Fight Sea Level Rise?","publishDate":1452724130,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Would You Pay $12 a Year to Fight Sea Level Rise? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Billions of dollars of infrastructure around San Francisco Bay are sitting in the path of rising sea levels, including homes, roads and tech company offices. And a coalition of environmental and business groups is hoping Bay Area residents will help pay to protect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Wetlands are like magic when it comes to protecting against floods.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>David Lewis, Save the Bay\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In June, residents in nine Bay Area counties will vote on a new $12 a year parcel tax, designed to raise hundreds of millions of dollars over the next two decades to restore wetlands and build levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A specially-appointed council, the \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority\u003c/a>, voted Wednesday to have the measure placed on the ballot in Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma and San Francisco counties. Each region of the bay would be guaranteed a certain amount of the funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wetlands are like magic when it comes to protecting against floods,” says David Lewis, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>. “They can act like a sponge during times of high tides and floods and soak up extra water, instead of having that water pile up against communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say sea levels could rise up to two feet by 2050, inundating today’s shoreline. Add to that the flooding from a catastrophic storm, and the damage could cost the Bay Area more than $10 billion, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacouncil.org/issues-initiatives/storm-flood-protection/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a report\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacouncil.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Council\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much seas will rise by the end of the century depends partly on what we do to mitigate global warming; scientists say \u003ca href=\"http://www.adaptingtorisingtides.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/NAS_SLR_brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the range\u003c/a> is from 17 inches to 66 inches. Add to that a storm surge of more than three feet, and we could end up with waves crashing in 8 feet higher than they do today. This map showing what \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/news/searise/2015-07/as-science-gets-better-dramatic-sea-rise-seems-more-certain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">8 feet of sea level rise\u003c/a> would mean in Bay Area counties is from the \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/searise\">San Francisco Public Press’ 2015 summer cover story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" allowfullscreen frameborder=\"0\" height=\"800\" mozallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen src=\"https://amandabee.cartodb.com/viz/00d63d00-3598-11e5-adac-0e018d66dc29/embed_map\" webkitallowfullscreen width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 90 percent of the wetlands around San Francisco Bay have been lost, with many diked off and filled in as communities around the bay expanded. About 30,000 acres are awaiting restoration, Lewis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the South Bay, some 15,000 acres of former \u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are being restored\u003c/a>, but the project still needs millions more in funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a crucial time to start this work and raise the money that can restore marshes now,” says Lewis. “The longer we wait, the harder and more expensive it is to restore tidal marsh, once sea level starts increasing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to restoring wildlife habitat, wetlands and levees could protect important roads, highways, wastewater treatment plants and even tech companies. The headquarters of Facebook, Google, Cisco and more than a dozen others sit right on the bay’s edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Hv6icoIVCCvB24JQKHiyiQlcaMeByR0f”]“This concerns the health and welfare of the entire region,” says Mike Mielke of the\u003ca href=\"http://svlg.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Silicon Valley Leadership Group\u003c/a>. “It’s that simple.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the measure will have to make that case to the entire Bay Area, including residents who don’t live next to the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if your daily commute doesn’t take you near the water’s edge, if there’s a significant problem on the roadway because of flooding, that is going to impact you, because people are going to change the way they get to work and commute,” says Mielke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $500 million from the new parcel tax is only about a third of what’s needed to restore more than 30,000 acres around the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a good first step,” says Mielke. “We’re going to need money from the state and we’re going to need money from the federal government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parcel tax measure needs a two-thirds majority to pass, not within each county, but across all nine counties where residents will vote.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Voters in all Bay Area counties will be answering this question on the June ballot.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930789,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://amandabee.cartodb.com/viz/00d63d00-3598-11e5-adac-0e018d66dc29/embed_map"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":676},"headData":{"title":"Would You Pay $12 a Year to Fight Sea Level Rise? | KQED","description":"Voters in all Bay Area counties will be answering this question on the June ballot.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Would You Pay $12 a Year to Fight Sea Level Rise?","datePublished":"2016-01-13T22:28:50.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:53:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/468856/would-you-pay-12-a-year-to-fight-sea-level-rise","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Billions of dollars of infrastructure around San Francisco Bay are sitting in the path of rising sea levels, including homes, roads and tech company offices. And a coalition of environmental and business groups is hoping Bay Area residents will help pay to protect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Wetlands are like magic when it comes to protecting against floods.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>David Lewis, Save the Bay\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In June, residents in nine Bay Area counties will vote on a new $12 a year parcel tax, designed to raise hundreds of millions of dollars over the next two decades to restore wetlands and build levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A specially-appointed council, the \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority\u003c/a>, voted Wednesday to have the measure placed on the ballot in Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma and San Francisco counties. Each region of the bay would be guaranteed a certain amount of the funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wetlands are like magic when it comes to protecting against floods,” says David Lewis, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>. “They can act like a sponge during times of high tides and floods and soak up extra water, instead of having that water pile up against communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say sea levels could rise up to two feet by 2050, inundating today’s shoreline. Add to that the flooding from a catastrophic storm, and the damage could cost the Bay Area more than $10 billion, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacouncil.org/issues-initiatives/storm-flood-protection/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a report\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacouncil.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Council\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much seas will rise by the end of the century depends partly on what we do to mitigate global warming; scientists say \u003ca href=\"http://www.adaptingtorisingtides.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/NAS_SLR_brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the range\u003c/a> is from 17 inches to 66 inches. Add to that a storm surge of more than three feet, and we could end up with waves crashing in 8 feet higher than they do today. This map showing what \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/news/searise/2015-07/as-science-gets-better-dramatic-sea-rise-seems-more-certain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">8 feet of sea level rise\u003c/a> would mean in Bay Area counties is from the \u003ca href=\"http://sfpublicpress.org/searise\">San Francisco Public Press’ 2015 summer cover story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" allowfullscreen frameborder=\"0\" height=\"800\" mozallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen src=\"https://amandabee.cartodb.com/viz/00d63d00-3598-11e5-adac-0e018d66dc29/embed_map\" webkitallowfullscreen width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 90 percent of the wetlands around San Francisco Bay have been lost, with many diked off and filled in as communities around the bay expanded. About 30,000 acres are awaiting restoration, Lewis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the South Bay, some 15,000 acres of former \u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are being restored\u003c/a>, but the project still needs millions more in funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a crucial time to start this work and raise the money that can restore marshes now,” says Lewis. “The longer we wait, the harder and more expensive it is to restore tidal marsh, once sea level starts increasing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to restoring wildlife habitat, wetlands and levees could protect important roads, highways, wastewater treatment plants and even tech companies. The headquarters of Facebook, Google, Cisco and more than a dozen others sit right on the bay’s edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“This concerns the health and welfare of the entire region,” says Mike Mielke of the\u003ca href=\"http://svlg.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Silicon Valley Leadership Group\u003c/a>. “It’s that simple.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the measure will have to make that case to the entire Bay Area, including residents who don’t live next to the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if your daily commute doesn’t take you near the water’s edge, if there’s a significant problem on the roadway because of flooding, that is going to impact you, because people are going to change the way they get to work and commute,” says Mielke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $500 million from the new parcel tax is only about a third of what’s needed to restore more than 30,000 acres around the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a good first step,” says Mielke. “We’re going to need money from the state and we’re going to need money from the federal government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parcel tax measure needs a two-thirds majority to pass, not within each county, but across all nine counties where residents will vote.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/468856/would-you-pay-12-a-year-to-fight-sea-level-rise","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_31","science_89","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_2828","science_2830","science_670","science_208","science_206","science_207"],"featImg":"science_470220","label":"science"},"science_273866":{"type":"posts","id":"science_273866","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"273866","score":null,"sort":[1443247215000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"restoring-marshland-and-protecting-bay-shoreline-from-rising-tides-and-storm-events","title":"Restoring Marshland and Protecting Bay Shoreline From Rising Tides and Storm Events","publishDate":1443247215,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Restoring Marshland and Protecting Bay Shoreline From Rising Tides and Storm Events | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay and Delta were once ringed by a deep fringe of marshes. They acted as the lungs and kidneys of the ecosystem, filtering water and providing homes to millions of shorebirds, ducks, fish and other wildlife. But because of diking, dredging and filling before 1970 when modern environmental laws began to protect wetlands, the amount of tidal marsh around the bay and delta declined from roughly 555,000 acres in 1800 to about 40,000 acres by 2009 -– a drop of more than 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, tidal marsh protection and restoration has been a priority for public agencies and environmental groups, and more than 11,000 acres have been added or restored. You can see an \u003ca href=\"http://maps.californiawetlands.net/soter2015/tidalmarsh/map/index.php\">animation of the bay’s marsh history\u003c/a> from the San Francisco Estuary Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a pilot project is underway near Hayward that could revolutionize future tidal marsh restoration efforts, and pave the way for protecting property that rings the bay from rising sea levels that most scientists expect as climate change continues to warm the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Horizontal Levee” project at the Oro Loma Sanitary District is a first-of-its-kind effort designed to mimic the way historical marsh areas work, from filtering wastewater to protecting the shoreline against battering waves and erosion during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike traditional narrow levees or sea walls, “horizontal levees” are wider, with a gentle slope from dry land toward the bay that is similar to natural wetlands. They are designed to blunt the force of waves, preventing flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planting thousands of native plants in the $9 million project is expected to begin Nov. 1, with the entire project taking about two years to complete. In addition to the wide, sloping levee, the plan also includes building a two-acre adjacent wetland area inside the levee near the Oro Loma sewage treatment plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new freshwater wetland area will hold up to 8 million gallons of overflow water in storms. The wide levee and the wetland will be covered with plants, and will naturally filter and clean treated wastewater from the sewage plant through thousands of rushes and sedges. It also will provide habitat for wildlife. If the project is successful, it could be duplicated around the bay, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-273868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Teen volunteers from EBRPD's "Teen EcoAction" lend a hand transplanting native marsh plants at Save the Bay's nursery in Oakland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teen volunteers from EBRPD’s “Teen EcoAction” lend a hand transplanting native marsh plants at Save the Bay’s nursery in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Morgan Dill, EBRPD)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can see more of the design in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.oroloma.org/asset/doc/ecotone/oro-loma-ecotone-public-outreach-brochure.pdf\">informational brochure\u003c/a> from the sanitary district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Olson, nursery manager for Save the Bay, explained that planners grew more than 60,000 native marsh plants for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plants were raised from seeds, hand collected last summer and early fall, or grown from cuttings taken from sites around the bay, including Sears Point, China Camp and East Bay Regional parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To grow the native plants, Save the Bay staff and volunteers installed 17 large raised beds near the restoration site in addition to two existing nursery areas in Oakland and Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 20 species, including creeping wild rye, Baltic rush, spikerush, basket sedge and field sedge, western ragweed, California blackberry and alkali bulrush are ready to be planted in the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-273870\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-400x267.jpg\" alt=\"The new marsh will be beautiful as well as functional. California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum) is one of the native plants grown for the project.\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new marsh will be beautiful as well as functional. California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum) is one of the native plants grown for the project. \u003ccite>(Vivian Reed, Save the Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The work is the latest in wetland restoration efforts around the east and southern parts of the bay, the most prominent being the South Bay Salt Restoration Project, in which state and federal officials are converting thousands of acres of former Cargill Salt industrial evaporation ponds back into marshes for ducks, shorebirds and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are so excited about the Oro Loma project,” said Olson. “With the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project coming online, there is a lot of hope for tidal marsh and transition zones to be restored around the bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more about the “Horizontal Levee” project see \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/16/wetlands-horizontal-levees-sea-level-rise/\">“Are Wetlands Nature’s Best Defense Against Sea Level Rise?” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A project revolutionizing future tidal marsh restoration efforts, paving the way for protecting property.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931276,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":698},"headData":{"title":"Restoring Marshland and Protecting Bay Shoreline From Rising Tides and Storm Events | KQED","description":"A project revolutionizing future tidal marsh restoration efforts, paving the way for protecting property.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Restoring Marshland and Protecting Bay Shoreline From Rising Tides and Storm Events","datePublished":"2015-09-26T06:00:15.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:01:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/273866/restoring-marshland-and-protecting-bay-shoreline-from-rising-tides-and-storm-events","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay and Delta were once ringed by a deep fringe of marshes. They acted as the lungs and kidneys of the ecosystem, filtering water and providing homes to millions of shorebirds, ducks, fish and other wildlife. But because of diking, dredging and filling before 1970 when modern environmental laws began to protect wetlands, the amount of tidal marsh around the bay and delta declined from roughly 555,000 acres in 1800 to about 40,000 acres by 2009 -– a drop of more than 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, tidal marsh protection and restoration has been a priority for public agencies and environmental groups, and more than 11,000 acres have been added or restored. You can see an \u003ca href=\"http://maps.californiawetlands.net/soter2015/tidalmarsh/map/index.php\">animation of the bay’s marsh history\u003c/a> from the San Francisco Estuary Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a pilot project is underway near Hayward that could revolutionize future tidal marsh restoration efforts, and pave the way for protecting property that rings the bay from rising sea levels that most scientists expect as climate change continues to warm the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Horizontal Levee” project at the Oro Loma Sanitary District is a first-of-its-kind effort designed to mimic the way historical marsh areas work, from filtering wastewater to protecting the shoreline against battering waves and erosion during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike traditional narrow levees or sea walls, “horizontal levees” are wider, with a gentle slope from dry land toward the bay that is similar to natural wetlands. They are designed to blunt the force of waves, preventing flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planting thousands of native plants in the $9 million project is expected to begin Nov. 1, with the entire project taking about two years to complete. In addition to the wide, sloping levee, the plan also includes building a two-acre adjacent wetland area inside the levee near the Oro Loma sewage treatment plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new freshwater wetland area will hold up to 8 million gallons of overflow water in storms. The wide levee and the wetland will be covered with plants, and will naturally filter and clean treated wastewater from the sewage plant through thousands of rushes and sedges. It also will provide habitat for wildlife. If the project is successful, it could be duplicated around the bay, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-273868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Teen volunteers from EBRPD's "Teen EcoAction" lend a hand transplanting native marsh plants at Save the Bay's nursery in Oakland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_2412.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teen volunteers from EBRPD’s “Teen EcoAction” lend a hand transplanting native marsh plants at Save the Bay’s nursery in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Morgan Dill, EBRPD)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can see more of the design in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.oroloma.org/asset/doc/ecotone/oro-loma-ecotone-public-outreach-brochure.pdf\">informational brochure\u003c/a> from the sanitary district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Olson, nursery manager for Save the Bay, explained that planners grew more than 60,000 native marsh plants for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plants were raised from seeds, hand collected last summer and early fall, or grown from cuttings taken from sites around the bay, including Sears Point, China Camp and East Bay Regional parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To grow the native plants, Save the Bay staff and volunteers installed 17 large raised beds near the restoration site in addition to two existing nursery areas in Oakland and Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 20 species, including creeping wild rye, Baltic rush, spikerush, basket sedge and field sedge, western ragweed, California blackberry and alkali bulrush are ready to be planted in the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_273870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-273870\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-400x267.jpg\" alt=\"The new marsh will be beautiful as well as functional. California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum) is one of the native plants grown for the project.\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/09/IMG_0036-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new marsh will be beautiful as well as functional. California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum) is one of the native plants grown for the project. \u003ccite>(Vivian Reed, Save the Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The work is the latest in wetland restoration efforts around the east and southern parts of the bay, the most prominent being the South Bay Salt Restoration Project, in which state and federal officials are converting thousands of acres of former Cargill Salt industrial evaporation ponds back into marshes for ducks, shorebirds and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are so excited about the Oro Loma project,” said Olson. “With the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project coming online, there is a lot of hope for tidal marsh and transition zones to be restored around the bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more about the “Horizontal Levee” project see \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/16/wetlands-horizontal-levees-sea-level-rise/\">“Are Wetlands Nature’s Best Defense Against Sea Level Rise?” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/273866/restoring-marshland-and-protecting-bay-shoreline-from-rising-tides-and-storm-events","authors":["6328"],"categories":["science_31","science_35"],"tags":["science_454","science_208"],"featImg":"science_273867","label":"science"},"science_30191":{"type":"posts","id":"science_30191","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"30191","score":null,"sort":[1431528442000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"as-delta-smelt-nears-extinction-new-concerns-emerge-over-bay-dredging","title":"As Delta Smelt Nears Extinction, New Concerns Emerge Over Dredging","publishDate":1431528442,"format":"aside","headTitle":"As Delta Smelt Nears Extinction, New Concerns Emerge Over Dredging | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30199\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/smelt-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-30199\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/smelt-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A Delta smelt caught during a spring survey. Biologists warn the fish is close to extinction. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Delta smelt caught during an annual fish survey. Biologists warn the fish is close to extinction. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hated by many, loved by few, the tiny Delta smelt has long been the symbol for California’s water wars and the struggle between the state’s environmentalists and farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, as the state struggles through its fourth year of historic drought, the fish is dangerously close to extinction after years of decline, biologists warn. And that’s igniting new scrutiny over the impacts that could drive the species over the brink, including one that isn’t well-known – the annual dredging of shipping channels in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, regulators with the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board will vote on whether dredgers \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sanfranciscobay/board_decisions/tentative_orders/USACE/USACE%202015-2019%20OM%20Dredging%20TO_3-20-15.pdf\">must use different equipment\u003c/a> in some channels to avoid killing threatened fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Maritime Highways\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Bay’s cargo ship traffic goes far beyond the Port of Oakland, extending all the way to Sacramento and Stockton, where ports disperse California’s fresh produce and agricultural goods. The only way ships can safely make their way inland is through deep-water channels that are cut through the sediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of San Francisco Bay is shallow enough for a person to stand in or touch the bottom,” said Jessica Burton Evans, Navigation Program Manager with the Army Corps of Engineers in San Francisco. “So we really need to maintain those deep channels so that the ships can move safely and not run aground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps is responsible for dredging and maintaining the shipping lanes, which involves clearing millions of cubic yards of mud, sand and silt every year. It’s often done with a hydraulic dredge or “hopper dredge,” which works like a giant, underwater vacuum cleaner that sucks in sediment and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘These fish are in dire and extreme danger of extinction.’\u003ccite>— Jon Rosenfield, Bay Institute biologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“A hopper dredge is a relatively large piece of equipment compared to those fish,” said Burton Evans. “If they get too close, they just aren’t able to swim fast enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an analysis done in 2013 by the Corps, the dredging could be killing thousands of Delta smelt a year. In 2011, the impact was estimated at between 3 and 29 percent of the population. That was based on looking for fish in a small amount of dredge material, and state biologists say a larger sample is needed to validate the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The longfin smelt, another fish that’s listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act, is also harmed. Dredging can also create loud, underwater noise and sediment plumes that can stress smelt or hurt their ability to feed, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the higher estimates of harm are true, “that is just an exceptional amount of impact and something that is surprising,” said Jon Rosenfield, biologist with the Bay Institute, an environmental group based in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Population Crash\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta smelt populations have been in freefall for several years, due to a variety of reasons, according to biologists. Its fate has been at the center of the state’s water wars long before the drought began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta smelt lives in the same estuary that supplies water to 25 million Californians and irrigates millions of acres of farmland. Huge pumps at the southern edge of the Delta near Tracy pull water into canals that go from Silicon Valley to San Diego. In some years, more than 50 percent of the fresh water that would normally be flowing out to San Francisco Bay is diverted away from the Delta. In the process, the pumping kills Delta smelt and shrinks its habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, federal biologists have ordered water pumping be slowed down during times when smelt are vulnerable, which reduces water deliveries to farms and cities. Some farmers blame the smelt for the current water shortages, although the last time water pumping was slowed to protect the smelt was in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the extreme drought conditions this year, an annual survey for Delta smelt run by state biologists caught the lowest numbers of fish ever recorded — just one fish this spring. In other years, they’ve found hundreds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30224\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/17444167446_4b96dc6fbd_o-1024x649.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/17444167446_4b96dc6fbd_o-1024x649.jpg\" alt=\"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers supervises dredging in the Delta to allow passage of ocean-going ships like the Maria Theo, pictured on the San Joaquin River near Antioch. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"649\" class=\"size-large wp-image-30224\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers supervises dredging in the Delta to allow passage of ocean-going ships like the Maria Theo, pictured on the San Joaquin River near Antioch. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rosenfield believes the water pumping is still the largest impact on the Delta smelt by far, but because its numbers have dropped so low, no threats to the fish should be overlooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t taken care of these populations prior to this year well enough,” said Rosenfield. “We haven’t allowed them to thrive when conditions are good or even average because we take so much water out of this estuary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So once we get into a drought and populations begin to crash, well, then everybody has to go through exceptional measures to stop having an impact because there just aren’t that many fish to spare,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta smelt are also harmed by dredging done farther east into the Delta, past the Suisun Bay channel, in the deep water ship channels that extend to Sacramento and Stockton. That dredging is handled in a separate permitting process at the water board. The Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service declined to release data or comment about the numbers of fish that are killed in those projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Proposed Dredging Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to protect both the Delta smelt and longfin smelt, the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board is considering changes to the way the Corps conducts its dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the large, hydraulic dredges, the Corps would have to use smaller clamshell dredges, which remove material bucket-by-bucket and are thought to be less harmful to fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order would require a clamshell dredge be used in the Suisun Bay shipping channel near Pittsburg. The Corps would have the option to use a hopper dredge in either the Richmond Outer Harbor and Pinole Shoal channels, but if a hopper dredge is used, the Corps must monitor for killing fish and must make up for the impact through habitat restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our duty is to protect water quality, protect the fish and ensure the potential impacts to dredging are lessened,” said Naomi Feger, Planning Division Chief at the water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The order before the board does balance,” she said. “It allows for navigational dredging to continue in the bay but we’ve lessened those significant impacts where it’s feasible. We think it’s feasible to use clamshell dredge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps of Engineers says having the flexibility to use different equipment in each year is key for its operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dredges are not always available for us, so it’s important to consider when we can get equipment here to do the work for us,” said Burton Evans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps estimates the change will cost an added $3-10 million a year and projects that take weeks today could take as much as three times as long. Burton Evans says the Corps is already using new measures to protect the smelt species, including keeping the dredge’s mouth close to the bottom so it pulls in fewer fish. Dredging is already limited to the second half of the year to prevent harm to threatened fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are watching it very closely and it’s important that we’re balancing the economy and the environment,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California’s drought drags on, state and federal wildlife agencies may have to reexamine any project that harms the Delta smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These fish are in dire and extreme danger of extinction,” said Rosenfield. “In a year like this, impacts really need to be avoided.”\u003cbr>\n[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/205298767″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The tiny Delta smelt is famous for being a target in California's water wars, but it's dangerously close to extinction. That's bringing attention to anything that could harm the fish, including something rarely discussed: dredging Delta waterways for big cargo ships.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931800,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1407},"headData":{"title":"As Delta Smelt Nears Extinction, New Concerns Emerge Over Dredging | KQED","description":"The tiny Delta smelt is famous for being a target in California's water wars, but it's dangerously close to extinction. That's bringing attention to anything that could harm the fish, including something rarely discussed: dredging Delta waterways for big cargo ships.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"As Delta Smelt Nears Extinction, New Concerns Emerge Over Dredging","datePublished":"2015-05-13T14:47:22.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:10:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/30191/as-delta-smelt-nears-extinction-new-concerns-emerge-over-bay-dredging","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30199\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/smelt-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-30199\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/smelt-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A Delta smelt caught during a spring survey. Biologists warn the fish is close to extinction. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Delta smelt caught during an annual fish survey. Biologists warn the fish is close to extinction. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hated by many, loved by few, the tiny Delta smelt has long been the symbol for California’s water wars and the struggle between the state’s environmentalists and farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, as the state struggles through its fourth year of historic drought, the fish is dangerously close to extinction after years of decline, biologists warn. And that’s igniting new scrutiny over the impacts that could drive the species over the brink, including one that isn’t well-known – the annual dredging of shipping channels in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, regulators with the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board will vote on whether dredgers \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sanfranciscobay/board_decisions/tentative_orders/USACE/USACE%202015-2019%20OM%20Dredging%20TO_3-20-15.pdf\">must use different equipment\u003c/a> in some channels to avoid killing threatened fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Maritime Highways\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Bay’s cargo ship traffic goes far beyond the Port of Oakland, extending all the way to Sacramento and Stockton, where ports disperse California’s fresh produce and agricultural goods. The only way ships can safely make their way inland is through deep-water channels that are cut through the sediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of San Francisco Bay is shallow enough for a person to stand in or touch the bottom,” said Jessica Burton Evans, Navigation Program Manager with the Army Corps of Engineers in San Francisco. “So we really need to maintain those deep channels so that the ships can move safely and not run aground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps is responsible for dredging and maintaining the shipping lanes, which involves clearing millions of cubic yards of mud, sand and silt every year. It’s often done with a hydraulic dredge or “hopper dredge,” which works like a giant, underwater vacuum cleaner that sucks in sediment and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘These fish are in dire and extreme danger of extinction.’\u003ccite>— Jon Rosenfield, Bay Institute biologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“A hopper dredge is a relatively large piece of equipment compared to those fish,” said Burton Evans. “If they get too close, they just aren’t able to swim fast enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an analysis done in 2013 by the Corps, the dredging could be killing thousands of Delta smelt a year. In 2011, the impact was estimated at between 3 and 29 percent of the population. That was based on looking for fish in a small amount of dredge material, and state biologists say a larger sample is needed to validate the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The longfin smelt, another fish that’s listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act, is also harmed. Dredging can also create loud, underwater noise and sediment plumes that can stress smelt or hurt their ability to feed, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the higher estimates of harm are true, “that is just an exceptional amount of impact and something that is surprising,” said Jon Rosenfield, biologist with the Bay Institute, an environmental group based in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Population Crash\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta smelt populations have been in freefall for several years, due to a variety of reasons, according to biologists. Its fate has been at the center of the state’s water wars long before the drought began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta smelt lives in the same estuary that supplies water to 25 million Californians and irrigates millions of acres of farmland. Huge pumps at the southern edge of the Delta near Tracy pull water into canals that go from Silicon Valley to San Diego. In some years, more than 50 percent of the fresh water that would normally be flowing out to San Francisco Bay is diverted away from the Delta. In the process, the pumping kills Delta smelt and shrinks its habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, federal biologists have ordered water pumping be slowed down during times when smelt are vulnerable, which reduces water deliveries to farms and cities. Some farmers blame the smelt for the current water shortages, although the last time water pumping was slowed to protect the smelt was in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the extreme drought conditions this year, an annual survey for Delta smelt run by state biologists caught the lowest numbers of fish ever recorded — just one fish this spring. In other years, they’ve found hundreds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30224\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/17444167446_4b96dc6fbd_o-1024x649.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/05/17444167446_4b96dc6fbd_o-1024x649.jpg\" alt=\"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers supervises dredging in the Delta to allow passage of ocean-going ships like the Maria Theo, pictured on the San Joaquin River near Antioch. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"649\" class=\"size-large wp-image-30224\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers supervises dredging in the Delta to allow passage of ocean-going ships like the Maria Theo, pictured on the San Joaquin River near Antioch. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rosenfield believes the water pumping is still the largest impact on the Delta smelt by far, but because its numbers have dropped so low, no threats to the fish should be overlooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t taken care of these populations prior to this year well enough,” said Rosenfield. “We haven’t allowed them to thrive when conditions are good or even average because we take so much water out of this estuary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So once we get into a drought and populations begin to crash, well, then everybody has to go through exceptional measures to stop having an impact because there just aren’t that many fish to spare,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta smelt are also harmed by dredging done farther east into the Delta, past the Suisun Bay channel, in the deep water ship channels that extend to Sacramento and Stockton. That dredging is handled in a separate permitting process at the water board. The Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service declined to release data or comment about the numbers of fish that are killed in those projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Proposed Dredging Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to protect both the Delta smelt and longfin smelt, the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board is considering changes to the way the Corps conducts its dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the large, hydraulic dredges, the Corps would have to use smaller clamshell dredges, which remove material bucket-by-bucket and are thought to be less harmful to fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order would require a clamshell dredge be used in the Suisun Bay shipping channel near Pittsburg. The Corps would have the option to use a hopper dredge in either the Richmond Outer Harbor and Pinole Shoal channels, but if a hopper dredge is used, the Corps must monitor for killing fish and must make up for the impact through habitat restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our duty is to protect water quality, protect the fish and ensure the potential impacts to dredging are lessened,” said Naomi Feger, Planning Division Chief at the water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The order before the board does balance,” she said. “It allows for navigational dredging to continue in the bay but we’ve lessened those significant impacts where it’s feasible. We think it’s feasible to use clamshell dredge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps of Engineers says having the flexibility to use different equipment in each year is key for its operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dredges are not always available for us, so it’s important to consider when we can get equipment here to do the work for us,” said Burton Evans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps estimates the change will cost an added $3-10 million a year and projects that take weeks today could take as much as three times as long. Burton Evans says the Corps is already using new measures to protect the smelt species, including keeping the dredge’s mouth close to the bottom so it pulls in fewer fish. Dredging is already limited to the second half of the year to prevent harm to threatened fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are watching it very closely and it’s important that we’re balancing the economy and the environment,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California’s drought drags on, state and federal wildlife agencies may have to reexamine any project that harms the Delta smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These fish are in dire and extreme danger of extinction,” said Rosenfield. “In a year like this, impacts really need to be avoided.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/205298767″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/205298767″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/30191/as-delta-smelt-nears-extinction-new-concerns-emerge-over-bay-dredging","authors":["239"],"series":["science_87","science_1151"],"categories":["science_30","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_202","science_572","science_261","science_64","science_100","science_208","science_201"],"featImg":"science_30199","label":"science_1151"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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Delta","slug":"ca-delta","taxonomy":"series","description":"\u003cp>[caption id=\"attachment_11894\" width=\"1180px\"]\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/deltadiablo.jpg\" alt=\"The Delta at sunset.\" align=\"none\" width=\"1180px\"/> The Delta at sunset. 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The water reaches cities from Silicon Valley to San Diego, and supplies millions of acres of Central Valley farmland through sprawling infrastructure projects built over the past century.But the Delta’s natural ecosystem has declined and it's become ground zero for the state’s most contentious battles over water and endangered species.The ProblemThe Delta is home to a number of threatened or endangered species, including Delta smelt and Chinook salmon. Biologists point to a number of reasons for their decline. After the gold rush, farms replaced what was once a rich network of tidal wetlands. About 95 percent of the Delta’s historic habitat has been lost. Upstream dams have altered the rivers’ flow, and fish die when they’re drawn toward the large pumps that divert water to the Bay Area and Southern California.The LatestTo protect fish species, limits were placed on how much water could be pumped out of the Delta. 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