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He graduated from Sonoma State University in 1985 with a bachelor’s degree in physics (and minor in astronomy), after which he signed on for a two-year stint in the Peace Corps, where he taught physics and mathematics in the African nation of Cameroon. From 1989-96 he served on the crew of NASA’s Kuiper Airborne Observatory at Ames Research Center in Mountain View, CA. From 1996-99, he was Head Observer at the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer program at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, AZ.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/ben-burress/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ben Burress | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ben-burress"},"aahmed":{"type":"authors","id":"11428","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11428","found":true},"name":"Amel Ahmed","firstName":"Amel","lastName":"Ahmed","slug":"aahmed","email":"aahmed@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Amel Ahmed is a reporter for KQED. Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"amelscript","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Amel Ahmed | 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FM","link":"/"}},"science_1976908":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1976908","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1976908","score":null,"sort":[1633014052000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"perseverance-pays-off-first-successful-rock-collection-from-mars-complete","title":"Perseverance Pays Off: First Successful Rock Collection from Mars Complete","publishDate":1633014052,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Perseverance Pays Off: First Successful Rock Collection from Mars Complete | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Perseverance rover\u003c/a> has successfully collected its first rock samples from Mars’ Jezero Crater, specimens that will help illuminate the geologic and possibly \u003ca href=\"https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/\">astrobiological \u003c/a>history of our planetary neighbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 30-mile-wide \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/science/landing-site/\">Jezero Crater\u003c/a> was once a lake, long ago in Mars’ past, and a prime spot to search for chemical residues left behind by any water-dwelling microbes that may have existed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976858\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1976858\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/1-PIA24840_Main_Samuels-5-_Hazcam_FLF_0196_06.width-1320-nasa-jpl-caltech.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/1-PIA24840_Main_Samuels-5-_Hazcam_FLF_0196_06.width-1320-nasa-jpl-caltech.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/1-PIA24840_Main_Samuels-5-_Hazcam_FLF_0196_06.width-1320-nasa-jpl-caltech-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/1-PIA24840_Main_Samuels-5-_Hazcam_FLF_0196_06.width-1320-nasa-jpl-caltech-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The rock dubbed “Rochette,” from which NASA’s rover Perseverance drilled its first two successful core samples. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though previous Mars missions have analyzed rocks before, Perseverance takes its prospecting a step further by sealing the samples in special titanium tubes that can be retrieved and brought back to Earth by a future mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as Perseverance makes its way across the Jezero Crater, a joint NASA-European Space Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-sample-return-msr\">Mars Sample Return\u003c/a> mission is under development to bring the rock samples back to Earth. MSR will include a rover to collect sample tubes that Perseverance will deposit along its path and a rocket stage that will carry the samples off Mars and back to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perseverance is the first mission designed to look for signs of past life on Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier missions such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-science-laboratory-curiosity-rover-msl\">Curiosity\u003c/a>, which is still actively exploring Mars’ Gale Crater, and the twin \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars-exploration/missions/mars-exploration-rovers/\">Spirit and Opportunity\u003c/a> rovers have examined past water and environmental conditions friendly to life. Their work revealed an ancient Mars with many Earth-like qualities: a thicker, warmer atmosphere, precipitation, as well as surface rivers, lakes and seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But researchers still don’t know if life ever arose in Mars’ watery past. Discovering geological evidence of Martian life would be a pivotal moment not only in the history of science, but in history, period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Drilling rock to probe the past\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 6 and 8, Perseverance \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-perseverance-rover-collects-puzzle-pieces-of-mars-history\">drilled out two small sample cores\u003c/a> from a rock that researchers dubbed “Rochette.” After taking pictures of the tubes’ contents to ensure the collection was successful, the rover cached the samples away for future analysis on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976856 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Mars_Perseverance_FLF_0195_0684255747_596ECM_N0070000FHAZ00206_01_295J-nasa-jpl-caltech-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Mars_Perseverance_FLF_0195_0684255747_596ECM_N0070000FHAZ00206_01_295J-nasa-jpl-caltech-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Mars_Perseverance_FLF_0195_0684255747_596ECM_N0070000FHAZ00206_01_295J-nasa-jpl-caltech-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Mars_Perseverance_FLF_0195_0684255747_596ECM_N0070000FHAZ00206_01_295J-nasa-jpl-caltech-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Mars_Perseverance_FLF_0195_0684255747_596ECM_N0070000FHAZ00206_01_295J-nasa-jpl-caltech-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Mars_Perseverance_FLF_0195_0684255747_596ECM_N0070000FHAZ00206_01_295J-nasa-jpl-caltech.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Perseverance rover’s “turret,” the ensemble of tools and instruments at the end of its robotic arm, hovers over the rock dubbed “Rochette,” from which the rover drilled its first two successful core samples. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The sampled rock may have been formed long ago in a lava flow but has since been chemically and physically altered by the presence of liquid water later in its history. The current condition of the rocks tells scientists the water was present for a long period of time and not merely a fleeting wet spell. Whether the waters persisted for tens of thousands or millions of years is not clear, but it appears to have lasted long enough to maintain an aquatic environment friendly to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have also detected salt minerals, often found in connection to water on Earth, in Jezero’s rocks. Sometimes salt is deposited by groundwater flowing through rock or left behind after water evaporates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977026\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/26219_PIA24806-web.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation of images captured by “Cachecam” on NASA’s Mars rover Perseverance, peering down the sample tube containing the rover’s first successful rock core sample. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the months ahead, Perseverance will collect and store up to 43 samples of rock from a wide area of Jezero’s crater floor and walls, deposits spanning millions or billions of years of its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each tiny sample, along with measurements and analysis made around their collection sites, constitutes a small piece of information about Jezero Crater’s history. As Perseverance collects more samples, a detailed understanding of Jezero’s past will develop — when it was formed, when water appeared and how long it remained, and with any luck, if anything ever lived there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perseverance is currently prospecting a portion of Jezero’s dry lakebed, but later in its mission will visit a variety of terrains, including a large formation of sedimentary deposits carried into the lake by a river, and the lake’s ancient shoreline where shallow water may have provided even more life-friendly habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976853 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/pia23239-NASA-JPL-Caltech-ASU-800x641.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/pia23239-NASA-JPL-Caltech-ASU-800x641.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/pia23239-NASA-JPL-Caltech-ASU-1020x817.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/pia23239-NASA-JPL-Caltech-ASU-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/pia23239-NASA-JPL-Caltech-ASU-768x615.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/pia23239-NASA-JPL-Caltech-ASU.jpg 1041w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">False colored mineral map of the region of the Jezero Crater that NASA’s Perseverance rover is exploring, captured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The image features a portion of the crater’s western rim (left) and the river inlet and sediment deposits (center) washed into the crater lake in the distant past. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Searching for signs of life\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perseverance is equipped with a \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/spacecraft/instruments/\">suite of specialized instruments\u003c/a> to answer these questions by measuring rock composition, capturing microscopic images and detecting organic compounds. But, as capable as our mobile robotic science laboratories have become, there is still no substitute for the depth of analysis that can be accomplished in laboratories on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We will not see any discoveries made from Perseverance’s cached rock samples for several years, when the Mars Sample Return mission proceeds, but the potential rewards are worth waiting for.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NASA’s Perseverance rover has successfully collected its first rock samples on Mars, specimens that will help illuminate the history of our planetary neighbor. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846418,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":853},"headData":{"title":"Perseverance Pays Off: First Successful Rock Collection from Mars Complete | KQED","description":"NASA’s Perseverance rover has successfully collected its first rock samples on Mars, specimens that will help illuminate the history of our planetary neighbor. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Perseverance Pays Off: First Successful Rock Collection from Mars Complete","datePublished":"2021-09-30T15:00:52.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:26:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1976908/perseverance-pays-off-first-successful-rock-collection-from-mars-complete","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Perseverance rover\u003c/a> has successfully collected its first rock samples from Mars’ Jezero Crater, specimens that will help illuminate the geologic and possibly \u003ca href=\"https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/\">astrobiological \u003c/a>history of our planetary neighbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 30-mile-wide \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/science/landing-site/\">Jezero Crater\u003c/a> was once a lake, long ago in Mars’ past, and a prime spot to search for chemical residues left behind by any water-dwelling microbes that may have existed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976858\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1976858\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/1-PIA24840_Main_Samuels-5-_Hazcam_FLF_0196_06.width-1320-nasa-jpl-caltech.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/1-PIA24840_Main_Samuels-5-_Hazcam_FLF_0196_06.width-1320-nasa-jpl-caltech.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/1-PIA24840_Main_Samuels-5-_Hazcam_FLF_0196_06.width-1320-nasa-jpl-caltech-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/1-PIA24840_Main_Samuels-5-_Hazcam_FLF_0196_06.width-1320-nasa-jpl-caltech-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The rock dubbed “Rochette,” from which NASA’s rover Perseverance drilled its first two successful core samples. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though previous Mars missions have analyzed rocks before, Perseverance takes its prospecting a step further by sealing the samples in special titanium tubes that can be retrieved and brought back to Earth by a future mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as Perseverance makes its way across the Jezero Crater, a joint NASA-European Space Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-sample-return-msr\">Mars Sample Return\u003c/a> mission is under development to bring the rock samples back to Earth. MSR will include a rover to collect sample tubes that Perseverance will deposit along its path and a rocket stage that will carry the samples off Mars and back to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perseverance is the first mission designed to look for signs of past life on Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier missions such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-science-laboratory-curiosity-rover-msl\">Curiosity\u003c/a>, which is still actively exploring Mars’ Gale Crater, and the twin \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars-exploration/missions/mars-exploration-rovers/\">Spirit and Opportunity\u003c/a> rovers have examined past water and environmental conditions friendly to life. Their work revealed an ancient Mars with many Earth-like qualities: a thicker, warmer atmosphere, precipitation, as well as surface rivers, lakes and seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But researchers still don’t know if life ever arose in Mars’ watery past. Discovering geological evidence of Martian life would be a pivotal moment not only in the history of science, but in history, period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Drilling rock to probe the past\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 6 and 8, Perseverance \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-perseverance-rover-collects-puzzle-pieces-of-mars-history\">drilled out two small sample cores\u003c/a> from a rock that researchers dubbed “Rochette.” After taking pictures of the tubes’ contents to ensure the collection was successful, the rover cached the samples away for future analysis on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976856 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Mars_Perseverance_FLF_0195_0684255747_596ECM_N0070000FHAZ00206_01_295J-nasa-jpl-caltech-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Mars_Perseverance_FLF_0195_0684255747_596ECM_N0070000FHAZ00206_01_295J-nasa-jpl-caltech-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Mars_Perseverance_FLF_0195_0684255747_596ECM_N0070000FHAZ00206_01_295J-nasa-jpl-caltech-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Mars_Perseverance_FLF_0195_0684255747_596ECM_N0070000FHAZ00206_01_295J-nasa-jpl-caltech-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Mars_Perseverance_FLF_0195_0684255747_596ECM_N0070000FHAZ00206_01_295J-nasa-jpl-caltech-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Mars_Perseverance_FLF_0195_0684255747_596ECM_N0070000FHAZ00206_01_295J-nasa-jpl-caltech.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Perseverance rover’s “turret,” the ensemble of tools and instruments at the end of its robotic arm, hovers over the rock dubbed “Rochette,” from which the rover drilled its first two successful core samples. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The sampled rock may have been formed long ago in a lava flow but has since been chemically and physically altered by the presence of liquid water later in its history. The current condition of the rocks tells scientists the water was present for a long period of time and not merely a fleeting wet spell. Whether the waters persisted for tens of thousands or millions of years is not clear, but it appears to have lasted long enough to maintain an aquatic environment friendly to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have also detected salt minerals, often found in connection to water on Earth, in Jezero’s rocks. Sometimes salt is deposited by groundwater flowing through rock or left behind after water evaporates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977026\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/26219_PIA24806-web.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation of images captured by “Cachecam” on NASA’s Mars rover Perseverance, peering down the sample tube containing the rover’s first successful rock core sample. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the months ahead, Perseverance will collect and store up to 43 samples of rock from a wide area of Jezero’s crater floor and walls, deposits spanning millions or billions of years of its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each tiny sample, along with measurements and analysis made around their collection sites, constitutes a small piece of information about Jezero Crater’s history. As Perseverance collects more samples, a detailed understanding of Jezero’s past will develop — when it was formed, when water appeared and how long it remained, and with any luck, if anything ever lived there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perseverance is currently prospecting a portion of Jezero’s dry lakebed, but later in its mission will visit a variety of terrains, including a large formation of sedimentary deposits carried into the lake by a river, and the lake’s ancient shoreline where shallow water may have provided even more life-friendly habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976853 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/pia23239-NASA-JPL-Caltech-ASU-800x641.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/pia23239-NASA-JPL-Caltech-ASU-800x641.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/pia23239-NASA-JPL-Caltech-ASU-1020x817.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/pia23239-NASA-JPL-Caltech-ASU-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/pia23239-NASA-JPL-Caltech-ASU-768x615.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/pia23239-NASA-JPL-Caltech-ASU.jpg 1041w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">False colored mineral map of the region of the Jezero Crater that NASA’s Perseverance rover is exploring, captured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The image features a portion of the crater’s western rim (left) and the river inlet and sediment deposits (center) washed into the crater lake in the distant past. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Searching for signs of life\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perseverance is equipped with a \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/spacecraft/instruments/\">suite of specialized instruments\u003c/a> to answer these questions by measuring rock composition, capturing microscopic images and detecting organic compounds. But, as capable as our mobile robotic science laboratories have become, there is still no substitute for the depth of analysis that can be accomplished in laboratories on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We will not see any discoveries made from Perseverance’s cached rock samples for several years, when the Mars Sample Return mission proceeds, but the potential rewards are worth waiting for.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1976908/perseverance-pays-off-first-successful-rock-collection-from-mars-complete","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1216","science_4414","science_5179","science_420"],"featImg":"science_1976854","label":"source_science_1976908"},"science_1956121":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1956121","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1956121","score":null,"sort":[1579909555000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"vote-here-for-the-name-of-new-mars-rover-polls-close-monday-night","title":"Vote Here for the Name of New Mars Rover. Polls Close Monday Night","publishDate":1579909555,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Vote Here for the Name of New Mars Rover. Polls Close Monday Night | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>What would you name NASA’s next Mars rover?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside link1=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/participate/name-the-rover/,Vote for the Mars rover's name here\"]Last year, the space agency posed this question to students in Kindergarten through 12th grade, along with a homework assignment: Write an essay to convince 4,700 contest judges that their name choice rises above all others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young people submitted more than 28,000 essays after the competition opened in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the volunteer judges—professionals, teachers, and space science fanciers from all over the U.S. — have selected \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7578&utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=nasajpl&utm_content=daily-20200121-1\">nine finalists\u003c/a> for interplanetary naming privileges. They are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/27179\">Promise\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/3762\">Courage\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/18788\">Clarity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/26909\">Tenacity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/24330\">Ingenuity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/6989\">Perseverance\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/11318\">Endurance\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/14360\">Fortitude\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/23269\">Vision\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The choices reflect public enthusiasm for Mars exploration. The children and teens used exceedingly positive words to describe the enterprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, NASA let the public consider the nine finalist names and essays, and even vote on their favorites. There’s not much time left – this \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/participate/name-the-rover/\">link\u003c/a> expires at midnight Monday, Jan. 27. The agency will consider the results in its final naming decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Robot With a Unique Mission\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/overview/\">Mars 2020 rover\u003c/a> is scheduled for launch this July. If all goes well, it will land on Mars on Feb. 18, 2021. Bound for Jezero Crater, the car-sized, six-wheeled robot is built on the design of its predecessor, Curiosity. That rover still explores the water-lain sediments of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Curiosity, whose mission is to investigate Mars’ climate and the role that water played in the past, Mars 2020 will look for signs of anything that might have lived in those ancient waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956132\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-800x641.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-800x641.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-768x616.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-1020x818.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl.jpg 1865w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Composite imagery of the western edge of Jezero Crater, the designated landing site for the Mars 2020 rover. The river inlet to the left deposited the delta sediments that appear in the middle. Colors represent different mineral composition. Images by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Surveys made from space by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have revealed evidence that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jezero-crater-mars-2020s-landing-site\">parts of Jezero Crater\u003c/a> were once sunken beneath the waters of a lake, and fed with runoff and sediment from at least one river inlet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Excellent Hunting Ground for Ancient Martians\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No mission has searched for signs of Martian life since the 1977 Viking landers. They looked for present microbial activity in Mars’ soil and came up with inconclusive results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But subsequent missions— notably the Spirit, Opportunity and Curiosity rovers, as well as orbital spacecraft — have revealed that in its early history Mars had a much more Earth-like environment: a thicker, warmer atmosphere, rain and rivers feeding deep lakes, and even wide shallow seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956133\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-800x602.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"602\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-768x578.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-1020x768.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa.jpg 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of estimated depths of an ancient sea that once existed in Mars’ southern Eridiani Basin. The sea is estimated to have contained nine times as much water as in all of the Great Lakes on Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, in the search for life beyond Earth, looking to Mars’ past may have a greater chance of payoff than hoping to find something surviving today in Mars’ cold, dry deserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How NASA Names Its Spacecraft\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA doesn’t usually name its space-faring missions through contests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many mission names are acronyms, like the Mercury spacecraft \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/main/index.html\">MESSENGER\u003c/a> (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging). This embodies a description of the scientific mission and offers a historical nod to the Roman messenger god for which the planet Mercury is named.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A single person, Dr. Abe Silverstein, is responsible for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/history/silverstein_feature.html\">naming of Project Apollo \u003c/a>in 1960. While reading a book of mythology at home, NASA’s director of space flight programs decided that the Greek sun god Apollo blazing across the sky in his fiery chariot was an image that matched the grandeur of a mission to send people to the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only Mars landing missions — and of those, only rovers — have gotten their names through student essay contests. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mars-pathfinder\">Sojourner\u003c/a>, which launched in 1996, was the first. Even the little rover’s parent lander, Pathfinder, bore only the official name of the mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote] NASA doesn’t usually name its faring missions through contests. You have until midnight Monday, Jan. 27 to vote for a name. [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cartoon illustration of the Mars 2020 rover, made for the student naming contest in August 2019. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Why do only rovers get personal names? Maybe because we give them wheels to scurry around on, and twin-camera “eyes” mounted on neck-like masts, and arms that dig into the Martian soil looking for cool things buried there. Robotic rovers just seem more “alive,” like us, and deserving of a personality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students, all girls 12 years old and younger, gave Sojourner, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/index.html\">Spirit \u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/index.html\">Opportunity \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/home/\">Curiosity \u003c/a>their names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the naming of Mars 2020, will pre-teen girls hold onto their unbroken record, or will a teenager or boy break into this hall of fame?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find out in early March, when NASA plans to make the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Nine finalists remain in the student essay contest to name NASA's next Mars rover. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847862,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":847},"headData":{"title":"Vote Here for the Name of New Mars Rover. Polls Close Monday Night | KQED","description":"Nine finalists remain in the student essay contest to name NASA's next Mars rover. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Vote Here for the Name of New Mars Rover. Polls Close Monday Night","datePublished":"2020-01-24T23:45:55.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:51:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Space Exploration","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1956121/vote-here-for-the-name-of-new-mars-rover-polls-close-monday-night","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What would you name NASA’s next Mars rover?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"link1":"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/participate/name-the-rover/,Vote for the Mars rover's name here","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Last year, the space agency posed this question to students in Kindergarten through 12th grade, along with a homework assignment: Write an essay to convince 4,700 contest judges that their name choice rises above all others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young people submitted more than 28,000 essays after the competition opened in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the volunteer judges—professionals, teachers, and space science fanciers from all over the U.S. — have selected \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7578&utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=nasajpl&utm_content=daily-20200121-1\">nine finalists\u003c/a> for interplanetary naming privileges. They are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/27179\">Promise\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/3762\">Courage\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/18788\">Clarity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/26909\">Tenacity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/24330\">Ingenuity\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/6989\">Perseverance\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/11318\">Endurance\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/14360\">Fortitude\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover/gallery/23269\">Vision\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The choices reflect public enthusiasm for Mars exploration. The children and teens used exceedingly positive words to describe the enterprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, NASA let the public consider the nine finalist names and essays, and even vote on their favorites. There’s not much time left – this \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/participate/name-the-rover/\">link\u003c/a> expires at midnight Monday, Jan. 27. The agency will consider the results in its final naming decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Robot With a Unique Mission\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/overview/\">Mars 2020 rover\u003c/a> is scheduled for launch this July. If all goes well, it will land on Mars on Feb. 18, 2021. Bound for Jezero Crater, the car-sized, six-wheeled robot is built on the design of its predecessor, Curiosity. That rover still explores the water-lain sediments of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Curiosity, whose mission is to investigate Mars’ climate and the role that water played in the past, Mars 2020 will look for signs of anything that might have lived in those ancient waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956132\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-800x641.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-800x641.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-768x616.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl-1020x818.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/jezero-landing-site-nasa-jpl-caltech-msss-jhu-apl.jpg 1865w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Composite imagery of the western edge of Jezero Crater, the designated landing site for the Mars 2020 rover. The river inlet to the left deposited the delta sediments that appear in the middle. Colors represent different mineral composition. Images by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Surveys made from space by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have revealed evidence that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jezero-crater-mars-2020s-landing-site\">parts of Jezero Crater\u003c/a> were once sunken beneath the waters of a lake, and fed with runoff and sediment from at least one river inlet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Excellent Hunting Ground for Ancient Martians\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No mission has searched for signs of Martian life since the 1977 Viking landers. They looked for present microbial activity in Mars’ soil and came up with inconclusive results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But subsequent missions— notably the Spirit, Opportunity and Curiosity rovers, as well as orbital spacecraft — have revealed that in its early history Mars had a much more Earth-like environment: a thicker, warmer atmosphere, rain and rivers feeding deep lakes, and even wide shallow seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956133\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-800x602.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"602\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-768x578.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa-1020x768.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/eridiani-basin-nasa.jpg 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of estimated depths of an ancient sea that once existed in Mars’ southern Eridiani Basin. The sea is estimated to have contained nine times as much water as in all of the Great Lakes on Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, in the search for life beyond Earth, looking to Mars’ past may have a greater chance of payoff than hoping to find something surviving today in Mars’ cold, dry deserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How NASA Names Its Spacecraft\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA doesn’t usually name its space-faring missions through contests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many mission names are acronyms, like the Mercury spacecraft \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/main/index.html\">MESSENGER\u003c/a> (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging). This embodies a description of the scientific mission and offers a historical nod to the Roman messenger god for which the planet Mercury is named.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A single person, Dr. Abe Silverstein, is responsible for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/history/silverstein_feature.html\">naming of Project Apollo \u003c/a>in 1960. While reading a book of mythology at home, NASA’s director of space flight programs decided that the Greek sun god Apollo blazing across the sky in his fiery chariot was an image that matched the grandeur of a mission to send people to the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only Mars landing missions — and of those, only rovers — have gotten their names through student essay contests. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mars-pathfinder\">Sojourner\u003c/a>, which launched in 1996, was the first. Even the little rover’s parent lander, Pathfinder, bore only the official name of the mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":" NASA doesn’t usually name its faring missions through contests. You have until midnight Monday, Jan. 27 to vote for a name. ","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/cuterover-nasajplcaltech.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cartoon illustration of the Mars 2020 rover, made for the student naming contest in August 2019. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Why do only rovers get personal names? Maybe because we give them wheels to scurry around on, and twin-camera “eyes” mounted on neck-like masts, and arms that dig into the Martian soil looking for cool things buried there. Robotic rovers just seem more “alive,” like us, and deserving of a personality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students, all girls 12 years old and younger, gave Sojourner, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/index.html\">Spirit \u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/index.html\">Opportunity \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/home/\">Curiosity \u003c/a>their names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the naming of Mars 2020, will pre-teen girls hold onto their unbroken record, or will a teenager or boy break into this hall of fame?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find out in early March, when NASA plans to make the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1956121/vote-here-for-the-name-of-new-mars-rover-polls-close-monday-night","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_32","science_89","science_40","science_3947"],"tags":["science_330","science_3370","science_5179","science_3616","science_5175","science_420"],"featImg":"science_1956130","label":"source_science_1956121"},"science_1949946":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1949946","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1949946","score":null,"sort":[1572267715000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasas-curiosity-rover-discovers-ancient-mud-cracks-that-may-tell-a-tale-of-mars-demise","title":"Curiosity Rover Finds Clues to a Watery Past on Mars","publishDate":1572267715,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Curiosity Rover Finds Clues to a Watery Past on Mars | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In its quest to find signs of water in the sediments of Mount Sharp, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-science-laboratory-curiosity-rover-msl/\">NASA’s rover Curiosity\u003c/a> has turned up some tantalizing clues to when and how the young, watery Mars began to dry up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Images of geologic formations and measurements of mineral residues collected over two years tell a tale of a watery world caught in the process of drying up, and maybe not giving up without a fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A four-foot-wide patch of ancient mudstone called “Old Soaker,” encountered late in 2016 within Mars’ Gale Crater, may be a snapshot of the moment Mars began its transition from a wet and possibly lively planet to the cold, dry, apparently lifeless world we know today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949964\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949964\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX-800x714.jpg\" alt='Cracks in the mudstone slab called \"Old Soaker,\" whose formation dates back more than 3 billion years, may have formed in drying mud, as Mars experienced a global transition to a drying climate. ' width=\"800\" height=\"714\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX-800x714.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX-160x143.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX-768x686.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX-1020x911.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX-1200x1071.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX.jpg 1344w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cracks in the mudstone slab called “Old Soaker,” whose formation dates back more than 3 billion years, may have formed in drying mud, as Mars experienced a global transition to a drying climate. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bearing \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=pia21261\">a network of cracks\u003c/a> that may have formed in drying mud, Old Soaker shows that even as water was becoming scarce on Mars, it persisted in seeps, trickling streams and shallow desert lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moment captured in the Old Soaker mudstone over three billion years ago is one picture in a larger album that Curiosity has been assembling since it landed in 2012. Its compendium of Martian climatic history has captivated our imaginations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Curiosity’s Quest For Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did liquid water ever exist on Mars? When, and how much? Was the environment ever capable of supporting life?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the big questions Curiosity went forth to tackle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1950007\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 755px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1950007\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA23378_hires-1.jpg\" alt=\"A "selfie" taken by NASA's Curiosity rover on Oct 11, 2019 at a place nicknamed Glen Etive. \" width=\"755\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA23378_hires-1.jpg 755w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA23378_hires-1-160x212.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A “selfie” taken by NASA’s Curiosity rover on Oct 11, 2019 at a place nicknamed Glen Etive. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, Curiosity’s confirmed that \u003ca href=\"https://eos.org/articles/history-of-marss-water-seen-through-the-lens-of-gale-crater\">liquid water once flowed\u003c/a> into and pooled within Gale Crater, from very early in its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagery of geologic formations Curiosity captured in its earlier travels tell a captivating story of the young Gale Crater Lake. Sedimentary layering, lakebed mudstone, and aggregations of river pebbles and stones found in the oldest, lowest formations of Mount Sharp reveal that a wide deep lake, fed by rivers and streams, may have persisted in Gale Crater for many millions of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949972\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA19080-NASA_JPL-Caltech-800x500-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"Simulation of what the ancient Gale Crater lake may have looked like during Mars' more Earthlike youth. \" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA19080-NASA_JPL-Caltech-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA19080-NASA_JPL-Caltech-800x500-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA19080-NASA_JPL-Caltech-800x500-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Simulation of what the ancient Gale Crater lake may have looked like during Mars’ more Earthlike youth. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Taking Gale Crater and its ancient lake as an indicator of Mars’ global environment, we know the atmosphere had to be much warmer and thicker than it is today. It almost certainly supported a water cycle of precipitation, runoff, pooling in lakes and seas, and evaporation similar to Earth’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reading the Pages of Geologic History\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gale Crater is an \u003ca href=\"https://themis.asu.edu/feature/22\">ideal location to investigate Mars’s climate history\u003c/a>. Piled over three miles high within the crater is Mount Sharp, a mega-mound of sedimentary rock whose stacked layers scientists can read like the pages of geological history book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949967\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949967\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-800x366.jpg\" alt=\"Long view looking up the slopes of Mount Sharp, the 3.5 mile tall mound of sedimentary rock sitting inside Mars' Gale Crater. \" width=\"800\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-800x366.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-160x73.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-768x351.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-1020x466.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-1200x549.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-1920x878.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Long view looking up the slopes of Mount Sharp, the 3.5 mile tall mound of sedimentary rock sitting inside Mars’ Gale Crater. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The crater formed 3.8-3.5 billion years ago when an asteroid hit Mars. It gradually filled though wind and water action with layer upon layer of sediments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more recent times after Mars dried up, wind eroded some of the infill, sculpting the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/multimedia/pia15292.html\">multi-layered mountain\u003c/a> Curiosity is doggedly crawling up today. As it visits each formation of sedimentary rock on its uphill climb, Curiosity is reading the pages of Mars’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Death Throes of a Drying World?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now seven years into its mission, Curiosity has climbed to higher points on Mount Sharp, analyzing layers of rock that formed at different times and under different climatic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story told by Old Soaker’s mudstone cracks may be a page in a saga of tumultuous environmental change. Mars’ environment dried up, became wet again, then swung back to dry in repeating cycles. Wetter periods preceded and followed the dry episode that formed this specimen, based on what Curiosity found at adjacent rock layers in the Mount Sharp stack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity has also found \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/salt-lake-gale-crater-mars/\">mineralogical evidence\u003c/a> to corroborate the Old Soaker’s tale of a drying world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949973\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 537px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1949973\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/20130312_gale_crism_map_cropped_f537.jpg\" alt=\"A mineral map of the slopes of Mount Sharp being explored by NASA's Curiosity rover, made from data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's CRISM instrument. A cross marks the original 2012 landing site of the Curiosity rover. Green indicates clay minerals that may have been deposited in the deep water's of the lake, while blue and magenta indicate sulfates formed when lake waters were drying up. \" width=\"537\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/20130312_gale_crism_map_cropped_f537.jpg 537w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/20130312_gale_crism_map_cropped_f537-160x163.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mineral map of the slopes of Mount Sharp being explored by NASA’s Curiosity rover, made from data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter’s CRISM instrument. A cross marks the original 2012 landing site of the Curiosity rover. Green indicates clay minerals that may have been deposited in the deep water’s of the lake, while blue and magenta indicate sulfates formed when lake waters were drying up. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL/JHUAPL/Ralph Milliken)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early in its mission Curiosity detected an abundance of clay minerals in the oldest layers of lake bed sediment. They indicated that those layers were deposited when lake waters were deep and plentiful. Freshwater conditions on Earth formed similar clays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher on the mountain’s slopes, the rover found chloride and sulfate salts in younger sediments, dated to about 3.5 billion years. Such mineral salts are known byproducts of bodies of water undergoing evaporation, like a lake drying up during a shift to a more arid climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Take a Walk Through a Mars-like Past—on Earth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve been to a place like \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/deva/index.htm\">Death Valley National Park\u003c/a>, you may have witnessed evidence of long-gone water in that dry and desolate landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mineral salts, once dissolved in the waters of an ancient lake that filled today’s Death Valley, now cover huge areas of the valley floor in thick, white crystalline deposits. When the drying climate east of the Sierra Nevada mountains reduced the 70-mile-long, 600-foot-deep Lake Manly to a salt-lined desert valley, it left behind the briny residue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949974\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949974\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/800px-BADWATER_DEATH_VALLEY-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"At the lowest point in the continental US, Badwater, in Death Valley National Park, sits at the edge of a great pan of salt minerals left behind when the paleo-lake Manly, which filled the valley only 10,000 years ago, dried up under changing climate conditions. A shallow pool of briny water can be found here, maybe not unlike ponds and puddles evidence is showing existed on the drying Mars in the distant past. \" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/800px-BADWATER_DEATH_VALLEY.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/800px-BADWATER_DEATH_VALLEY-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/800px-BADWATER_DEATH_VALLEY-768x519.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the lowest point in the continental US, Badwater, in Death Valley National Park, sits at the edge of a great pan of salt minerals left behind when the paleo-lake Manly, which filled the valley only 10,000 years ago, dried up under changing climate conditions. A shallow pool of briny water can be found here, maybe not unlike ponds and puddles evidence is showing existed on the drying Mars in the distant past. \u003ccite>(Jerrye and Roy Klotz, MD)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s still possible to see, and even walk upon, ancient shorelines carved into the side of Shoreline Butte by the action of lapping waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some side canyons of Death Valley are mudstone formations bearing the petrified imprints of ripples formed in the lake floor mud, now preserved in stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few briny “springs” still issue seasonal seepage and offer a watery habitat for \u003ca href=\"https://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/desert-pupfish\">pupfish\u003c/a>, the surviving descendants of that paleolake’s fishy inhabitants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for all the signs of deep waters, flowing streams, and a once- thriving ecosystem, Lake Manly dried up thousands of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity is prospecting the Martian desert and turning up similar evidence of Mars’s ancient waters. It’s looking back three or more billion years, not just a few millennia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Signs of Life—Yet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Curiosity’s mission goals is to assess Mars’ past environment to determine whether it could ever have harbored some form of life. The result, so far, appears to be yes. When it more closely resembled Earth’s conditions, Mars may have been hospitable to some form of life, if only single-celled organisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists didn’t equip Curiosity to look for actual signs of life—just the water it might have lived in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, NASA plans to launch its next mission to the Red Planet, the Mars 2020 rover. It will bookend Curiosity’s mission by directly searching for the chemical residues left behind by any would-be Martian life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, get ready for the next chapter in the Martian saga.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NASA's rover Curiosity has turned up some tantalizing clues to when and how the young, watery Mars began to dry up.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848192,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1349},"headData":{"title":"Curiosity Rover Finds Clues to a Watery Past on Mars | KQED","description":"NASA's rover Curiosity has turned up some tantalizing clues to when and how the young, watery Mars began to dry up.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Curiosity Rover Finds Clues to a Watery Past on Mars","datePublished":"2019-10-28T13:01:55.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:56:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1949946/nasas-curiosity-rover-discovers-ancient-mud-cracks-that-may-tell-a-tale-of-mars-demise","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In its quest to find signs of water in the sediments of Mount Sharp, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-science-laboratory-curiosity-rover-msl/\">NASA’s rover Curiosity\u003c/a> has turned up some tantalizing clues to when and how the young, watery Mars began to dry up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Images of geologic formations and measurements of mineral residues collected over two years tell a tale of a watery world caught in the process of drying up, and maybe not giving up without a fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A four-foot-wide patch of ancient mudstone called “Old Soaker,” encountered late in 2016 within Mars’ Gale Crater, may be a snapshot of the moment Mars began its transition from a wet and possibly lively planet to the cold, dry, apparently lifeless world we know today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949964\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949964\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX-800x714.jpg\" alt='Cracks in the mudstone slab called \"Old Soaker,\" whose formation dates back more than 3 billion years, may have formed in drying mud, as Mars experienced a global transition to a drying climate. ' width=\"800\" height=\"714\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX-800x714.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX-160x143.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX-768x686.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX-1020x911.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX-1200x1071.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/1568MR0079900010800216E01_DXXX.jpg 1344w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cracks in the mudstone slab called “Old Soaker,” whose formation dates back more than 3 billion years, may have formed in drying mud, as Mars experienced a global transition to a drying climate. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bearing \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=pia21261\">a network of cracks\u003c/a> that may have formed in drying mud, Old Soaker shows that even as water was becoming scarce on Mars, it persisted in seeps, trickling streams and shallow desert lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moment captured in the Old Soaker mudstone over three billion years ago is one picture in a larger album that Curiosity has been assembling since it landed in 2012. Its compendium of Martian climatic history has captivated our imaginations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Curiosity’s Quest For Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did liquid water ever exist on Mars? When, and how much? Was the environment ever capable of supporting life?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the big questions Curiosity went forth to tackle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1950007\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 755px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1950007\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA23378_hires-1.jpg\" alt=\"A "selfie" taken by NASA's Curiosity rover on Oct 11, 2019 at a place nicknamed Glen Etive. \" width=\"755\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA23378_hires-1.jpg 755w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA23378_hires-1-160x212.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A “selfie” taken by NASA’s Curiosity rover on Oct 11, 2019 at a place nicknamed Glen Etive. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, Curiosity’s confirmed that \u003ca href=\"https://eos.org/articles/history-of-marss-water-seen-through-the-lens-of-gale-crater\">liquid water once flowed\u003c/a> into and pooled within Gale Crater, from very early in its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagery of geologic formations Curiosity captured in its earlier travels tell a captivating story of the young Gale Crater Lake. Sedimentary layering, lakebed mudstone, and aggregations of river pebbles and stones found in the oldest, lowest formations of Mount Sharp reveal that a wide deep lake, fed by rivers and streams, may have persisted in Gale Crater for many millions of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949972\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA19080-NASA_JPL-Caltech-800x500-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"Simulation of what the ancient Gale Crater lake may have looked like during Mars' more Earthlike youth. \" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA19080-NASA_JPL-Caltech-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA19080-NASA_JPL-Caltech-800x500-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/PIA19080-NASA_JPL-Caltech-800x500-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Simulation of what the ancient Gale Crater lake may have looked like during Mars’ more Earthlike youth. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Taking Gale Crater and its ancient lake as an indicator of Mars’ global environment, we know the atmosphere had to be much warmer and thicker than it is today. It almost certainly supported a water cycle of precipitation, runoff, pooling in lakes and seas, and evaporation similar to Earth’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reading the Pages of Geologic History\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gale Crater is an \u003ca href=\"https://themis.asu.edu/feature/22\">ideal location to investigate Mars’s climate history\u003c/a>. Piled over three miles high within the crater is Mount Sharp, a mega-mound of sedimentary rock whose stacked layers scientists can read like the pages of geological history book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949967\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949967\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-800x366.jpg\" alt=\"Long view looking up the slopes of Mount Sharp, the 3.5 mile tall mound of sedimentary rock sitting inside Mars' Gale Crater. \" width=\"800\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-800x366.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-160x73.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-768x351.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-1020x466.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-1200x549.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/mtsharp-nasajplcaltechmsss2-1920x878.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Long view looking up the slopes of Mount Sharp, the 3.5 mile tall mound of sedimentary rock sitting inside Mars’ Gale Crater. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The crater formed 3.8-3.5 billion years ago when an asteroid hit Mars. It gradually filled though wind and water action with layer upon layer of sediments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more recent times after Mars dried up, wind eroded some of the infill, sculpting the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/multimedia/pia15292.html\">multi-layered mountain\u003c/a> Curiosity is doggedly crawling up today. As it visits each formation of sedimentary rock on its uphill climb, Curiosity is reading the pages of Mars’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Death Throes of a Drying World?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now seven years into its mission, Curiosity has climbed to higher points on Mount Sharp, analyzing layers of rock that formed at different times and under different climatic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story told by Old Soaker’s mudstone cracks may be a page in a saga of tumultuous environmental change. Mars’ environment dried up, became wet again, then swung back to dry in repeating cycles. Wetter periods preceded and followed the dry episode that formed this specimen, based on what Curiosity found at adjacent rock layers in the Mount Sharp stack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity has also found \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/salt-lake-gale-crater-mars/\">mineralogical evidence\u003c/a> to corroborate the Old Soaker’s tale of a drying world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949973\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 537px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1949973\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/20130312_gale_crism_map_cropped_f537.jpg\" alt=\"A mineral map of the slopes of Mount Sharp being explored by NASA's Curiosity rover, made from data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's CRISM instrument. A cross marks the original 2012 landing site of the Curiosity rover. Green indicates clay minerals that may have been deposited in the deep water's of the lake, while blue and magenta indicate sulfates formed when lake waters were drying up. \" width=\"537\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/20130312_gale_crism_map_cropped_f537.jpg 537w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/20130312_gale_crism_map_cropped_f537-160x163.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mineral map of the slopes of Mount Sharp being explored by NASA’s Curiosity rover, made from data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter’s CRISM instrument. A cross marks the original 2012 landing site of the Curiosity rover. Green indicates clay minerals that may have been deposited in the deep water’s of the lake, while blue and magenta indicate sulfates formed when lake waters were drying up. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL/JHUAPL/Ralph Milliken)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early in its mission Curiosity detected an abundance of clay minerals in the oldest layers of lake bed sediment. They indicated that those layers were deposited when lake waters were deep and plentiful. Freshwater conditions on Earth formed similar clays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher on the mountain’s slopes, the rover found chloride and sulfate salts in younger sediments, dated to about 3.5 billion years. Such mineral salts are known byproducts of bodies of water undergoing evaporation, like a lake drying up during a shift to a more arid climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Take a Walk Through a Mars-like Past—on Earth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve been to a place like \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/deva/index.htm\">Death Valley National Park\u003c/a>, you may have witnessed evidence of long-gone water in that dry and desolate landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mineral salts, once dissolved in the waters of an ancient lake that filled today’s Death Valley, now cover huge areas of the valley floor in thick, white crystalline deposits. When the drying climate east of the Sierra Nevada mountains reduced the 70-mile-long, 600-foot-deep Lake Manly to a salt-lined desert valley, it left behind the briny residue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949974\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949974\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/800px-BADWATER_DEATH_VALLEY-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"At the lowest point in the continental US, Badwater, in Death Valley National Park, sits at the edge of a great pan of salt minerals left behind when the paleo-lake Manly, which filled the valley only 10,000 years ago, dried up under changing climate conditions. A shallow pool of briny water can be found here, maybe not unlike ponds and puddles evidence is showing existed on the drying Mars in the distant past. \" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/800px-BADWATER_DEATH_VALLEY.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/800px-BADWATER_DEATH_VALLEY-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/800px-BADWATER_DEATH_VALLEY-768x519.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the lowest point in the continental US, Badwater, in Death Valley National Park, sits at the edge of a great pan of salt minerals left behind when the paleo-lake Manly, which filled the valley only 10,000 years ago, dried up under changing climate conditions. A shallow pool of briny water can be found here, maybe not unlike ponds and puddles evidence is showing existed on the drying Mars in the distant past. \u003ccite>(Jerrye and Roy Klotz, MD)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s still possible to see, and even walk upon, ancient shorelines carved into the side of Shoreline Butte by the action of lapping waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some side canyons of Death Valley are mudstone formations bearing the petrified imprints of ripples formed in the lake floor mud, now preserved in stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few briny “springs” still issue seasonal seepage and offer a watery habitat for \u003ca href=\"https://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/desert-pupfish\">pupfish\u003c/a>, the surviving descendants of that paleolake’s fishy inhabitants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for all the signs of deep waters, flowing streams, and a once- thriving ecosystem, Lake Manly dried up thousands of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity is prospecting the Martian desert and turning up similar evidence of Mars’s ancient waters. It’s looking back three or more billion years, not just a few millennia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Signs of Life—Yet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Curiosity’s mission goals is to assess Mars’ past environment to determine whether it could ever have harbored some form of life. The result, so far, appears to be yes. When it more closely resembled Earth’s conditions, Mars may have been hospitable to some form of life, if only single-celled organisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists didn’t equip Curiosity to look for actual signs of life—just the water it might have lived in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, NASA plans to launch its next mission to the Red Planet, the Mars 2020 rover. It will bookend Curiosity’s mission by directly searching for the chemical residues left behind by any would-be Martian life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, get ready for the next chapter in the Martian saga.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1949946/nasas-curiosity-rover-discovers-ancient-mud-cracks-that-may-tell-a-tale-of-mars-demise","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28"],"tags":["science_330","science_332","science_5179","science_333","science_5175","science_420","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1949965","label":"source_science_1949946"},"science_1947927":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1947927","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1947927","score":null,"sort":[1569848507000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasa-is-challenging-students-to-name-the-next-mars-rover","title":"Your Kid Could Name the Mars 2020 Rover","publishDate":1569848507,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Your Kid Could Name the Mars 2020 Rover | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NASA plans soon to send another robotic rover to Mars. The only problem is, the agency needs a good name for it. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That’s where young minds come in. If you’re in kindergarten to 12th grade, you may be able to help out. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instead of sitting around a conference room table and brainstorming a list of cute, nerdy acronyms, NASA is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-invites-students-to-name-next-mars-rover\">holding a contest\u003c/a> for students in the U.S. to name the Mars 2020 Rover under construction at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947938\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947938\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Engineers testing Mars 2020’s robotic arm in a clean room at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The car-sized, six-wheeled, robot-arm-wielding explorer will hunt for signs of past Martian life. It’ll carry a small experimental helicopter drone that will be the first machine ever to fly on Mars, or on any planet. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you have a great name idea and can write a short, inspiring essay to sell it, you could claim the credit. Imagine that. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover\">Essays must be submitted\u003c/a> by Nov. 1\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">st. Make sure they’re\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> no more than 150 words long. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you need further inspiration for your winning name and essay, you can discover more amazing facts about this Martian-seeking robot at NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020 website\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mars 2020 Rover\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mars 2020 launches next summer, headed for a February 2021 landing in Jezero Crater on Mars. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947939\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947939\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/USGS-Mars-MC-13-JezeroCrater-800x683.png\" alt=\"False-colored elevation map of the region surrounding Jezero Crater (center) on Mars. Blue shows the northwestern corner of Isidris Planitia.\" width=\"800\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/USGS-Mars-MC-13-JezeroCrater-800x683.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/USGS-Mars-MC-13-JezeroCrater-160x137.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/USGS-Mars-MC-13-JezeroCrater-768x656.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/USGS-Mars-MC-13-JezeroCrater.png 864w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">False-colored elevation map of the region surrounding Jezero Crater (center) on Mars. Blue shows the northwestern corner of Isidris Planitia. \u003ccite>(USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jezero Crater may be a great place to look for the chemical and mineral signs left behind by ancient Martian organisms. Researchers believe the crater used to be flooded with water. Today it possesses river-delta-like fans of clay deposits. What upstream materials did river waters wash along and deposit there in the ancient past? We don’t know, yet — but Mars 2020 is determined to find out. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947940\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947940\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University-800x641.jpg\" alt=\"Image of an ancient river delta deposit at the edge of Jezero Crater, captured by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \" width=\"800\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University-800x641.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University-768x616.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University-1020x818.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University-1200x962.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University.jpg 1865w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image of an ancient river delta deposit at the edge of Jezero Crater, captured by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The robot is physically very similar to NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory rover, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/index.html\">Curiosity\u003c/a>. Right now it’s exploring the layers of sedimentary rock on Mount Sharp, in Gale Crater, studying Mars’ past climates and the role liquid water played throughout the planet’s history. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Teams have designed Mars 2020 to look for evidence of past life on Mars, not just water. No Mars mission has been equipped to look for Martians since the Viking landers in 1976. They carried biochemistry experiments to test soil samples for activity of present-day life processes. The results were inconclusive. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947942\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947942\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Mars 2020 will carry with it an experimental drone helicopter to test concepts such as aerial reconnaissance and remote exploration. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars 2020 will carry with it an experimental drone helicopter to test concepts such as aerial reconnaissance and remote exploration. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Mars Robots Named By Students\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the first Mars rover, Sojourner in 1997, Earth’s youngest space enthusiasts have been naming these machines. The 23-pound robot for the Pathfinder mission got its name after a year-long, international contest in which NASA challenged students up to 18 years old to submit essays of their personal heroines and their historical accomplishments.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Twelve-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/rover/name.html\">Valerie Ambrose\u003c/a> of Bridgeport, Connecticut wrote an essay about Sojourner Truth, a 19th Century African-American abolitionist who championed women’s rights and traveled “up and down the land” in pursuit of her cause. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Sojourner” means “traveler.” Although the tiny rover traveled no more than 330 feet, it was the very first ground an explorer from Earth traversed on Mars. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seven years after Sojourner, nine-year-old \u003ca href=\"http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/mer-updates/msl/rover-wisdom/sofi-collis.html\">Sofi Collis\u003c/a> of Scottsdale, Arizona named the twin Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity. Sofi’s essay described how she arrived in America from an orphanage in Siberia, and how coming here could make her dreams come true. “Thank you for the ‘Spirit’ and the ‘Opportunity’,” she wrote in her essay.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947946\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1947946\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/426px-Clara_Ma_and_the_Curiosity_Rover.jpg\" alt=\"Clara Ma wrote the winning essay that named Curiosity, the predecessor of the Mars 2020 rover. \" width=\"426\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/426px-Clara_Ma_and_the_Curiosity_Rover.jpg 426w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/426px-Clara_Ma_and_the_Curiosity_Rover-160x225.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clara Ma wrote the winning essay that named Curiosity, the predecessor of the Mars 2020 rover. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Twelve-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/namerover/WinnerAnnouncedEssay/\">Clara Ma\u003c/a> of Lenexa, Kansas wrote the essay that named the next Mars rover, six years after Spirit and Opportunity landed. Her essay, “Curiosity,” about the flame of wonder burning in everyone’s minds, apparently resonated with NASA’s passion for exploring Mars, and so Curiosity became the given name of the Mars Science Laboratory rover. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Out of This World Competition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, the count stands at four Mars rovers named by three pre-teen girls. That’s pretty steep competition, but the contest to name the Mars 2020 rover is open to all U.S. students from kindergarten to 12\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> grade. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you think you have a winning name, start writing that winning essay. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NASA is holding an essay contest for students to name the soon-to-launch Mars 2020 rover. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848281,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":837},"headData":{"title":"Your Kid Could Name the Mars 2020 Rover | KQED","description":"NASA is holding an essay contest for students to name the soon-to-launch Mars 2020 rover. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Your Kid Could Name the Mars 2020 Rover","datePublished":"2019-09-30T13:01:47.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:58:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1947927/nasa-is-challenging-students-to-name-the-next-mars-rover","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NASA plans soon to send another robotic rover to Mars. The only problem is, the agency needs a good name for it. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That’s where young minds come in. If you’re in kindergarten to 12th grade, you may be able to help out. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instead of sitting around a conference room table and brainstorming a list of cute, nerdy acronyms, NASA is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-invites-students-to-name-next-mars-rover\">holding a contest\u003c/a> for students in the U.S. to name the Mars 2020 Rover under construction at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947938\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947938\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22738_PIA23212-web.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Engineers testing Mars 2020’s robotic arm in a clean room at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The car-sized, six-wheeled, robot-arm-wielding explorer will hunt for signs of past Martian life. It’ll carry a small experimental helicopter drone that will be the first machine ever to fly on Mars, or on any planet. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you have a great name idea and can write a short, inspiring essay to sell it, you could claim the credit. Imagine that. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.futureengineers.org/nametherover\">Essays must be submitted\u003c/a> by Nov. 1\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">st. Make sure they’re\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> no more than 150 words long. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you need further inspiration for your winning name and essay, you can discover more amazing facts about this Martian-seeking robot at NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020 website\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mars 2020 Rover\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mars 2020 launches next summer, headed for a February 2021 landing in Jezero Crater on Mars. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947939\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947939\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/USGS-Mars-MC-13-JezeroCrater-800x683.png\" alt=\"False-colored elevation map of the region surrounding Jezero Crater (center) on Mars. Blue shows the northwestern corner of Isidris Planitia.\" width=\"800\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/USGS-Mars-MC-13-JezeroCrater-800x683.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/USGS-Mars-MC-13-JezeroCrater-160x137.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/USGS-Mars-MC-13-JezeroCrater-768x656.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/USGS-Mars-MC-13-JezeroCrater.png 864w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">False-colored elevation map of the region surrounding Jezero Crater (center) on Mars. Blue shows the northwestern corner of Isidris Planitia. \u003ccite>(USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jezero Crater may be a great place to look for the chemical and mineral signs left behind by ancient Martian organisms. Researchers believe the crater used to be flooded with water. Today it possesses river-delta-like fans of clay deposits. What upstream materials did river waters wash along and deposit there in the ancient past? We don’t know, yet — but Mars 2020 is determined to find out. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947940\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947940\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University-800x641.jpg\" alt=\"Image of an ancient river delta deposit at the edge of Jezero Crater, captured by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \" width=\"800\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University-800x641.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University-768x616.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University-1020x818.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University-1200x962.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-NASAJPLJHU-APLMSSSBrown-University.jpg 1865w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image of an ancient river delta deposit at the edge of Jezero Crater, captured by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The robot is physically very similar to NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory rover, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/index.html\">Curiosity\u003c/a>. Right now it’s exploring the layers of sedimentary rock on Mount Sharp, in Gale Crater, studying Mars’ past climates and the role liquid water played throughout the planet’s history. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Teams have designed Mars 2020 to look for evidence of past life on Mars, not just water. No Mars mission has been equipped to look for Martians since the Viking landers in 1976. They carried biochemistry experiments to test soil samples for activity of present-day life processes. The results were inconclusive. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947942\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947942\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Mars 2020 will carry with it an experimental drone helicopter to test concepts such as aerial reconnaissance and remote exploration. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/22365_PIA23151-16.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars 2020 will carry with it an experimental drone helicopter to test concepts such as aerial reconnaissance and remote exploration. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Mars Robots Named By Students\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the first Mars rover, Sojourner in 1997, Earth’s youngest space enthusiasts have been naming these machines. The 23-pound robot for the Pathfinder mission got its name after a year-long, international contest in which NASA challenged students up to 18 years old to submit essays of their personal heroines and their historical accomplishments.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Twelve-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/rover/name.html\">Valerie Ambrose\u003c/a> of Bridgeport, Connecticut wrote an essay about Sojourner Truth, a 19th Century African-American abolitionist who championed women’s rights and traveled “up and down the land” in pursuit of her cause. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Sojourner” means “traveler.” Although the tiny rover traveled no more than 330 feet, it was the very first ground an explorer from Earth traversed on Mars. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seven years after Sojourner, nine-year-old \u003ca href=\"http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/mer-updates/msl/rover-wisdom/sofi-collis.html\">Sofi Collis\u003c/a> of Scottsdale, Arizona named the twin Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity. Sofi’s essay described how she arrived in America from an orphanage in Siberia, and how coming here could make her dreams come true. “Thank you for the ‘Spirit’ and the ‘Opportunity’,” she wrote in her essay.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947946\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1947946\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/426px-Clara_Ma_and_the_Curiosity_Rover.jpg\" alt=\"Clara Ma wrote the winning essay that named Curiosity, the predecessor of the Mars 2020 rover. \" width=\"426\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/426px-Clara_Ma_and_the_Curiosity_Rover.jpg 426w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/426px-Clara_Ma_and_the_Curiosity_Rover-160x225.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clara Ma wrote the winning essay that named Curiosity, the predecessor of the Mars 2020 rover. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Twelve-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/namerover/WinnerAnnouncedEssay/\">Clara Ma\u003c/a> of Lenexa, Kansas wrote the essay that named the next Mars rover, six years after Spirit and Opportunity landed. Her essay, “Curiosity,” about the flame of wonder burning in everyone’s minds, apparently resonated with NASA’s passion for exploring Mars, and so Curiosity became the given name of the Mars Science Laboratory rover. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Out of This World Competition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, the count stands at four Mars rovers named by three pre-teen girls. That’s pretty steep competition, but the contest to name the Mars 2020 rover is open to all U.S. students from kindergarten to 12\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> grade. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you think you have a winning name, start writing that winning essay. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1947927/nasa-is-challenging-students-to-name-the-next-mars-rover","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_32"],"tags":["science_5179","science_3616","science_5175","science_420"],"featImg":"science_1947937","label":"source_science_1947927"},"science_1943005":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1943005","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1943005","score":null,"sort":[1560236508000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dress-rehearsal-time-for-the-mars-2020-spacecraft","title":"Mars 2020 Spacecraft Shaken, Stirred and Chilled in Tests of Space Worthiness","publishDate":1560236508,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mars 2020 Spacecraft Shaken, Stirred and Chilled in Tests of Space Worthiness | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>NASA can make the exploration of Mars look easy. Generations of robotic spacecraft sent to orbit, land upon, and rove about the Martian surface seem to do their jobs courageously without even working up a sweat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But behind the scenes of the flashy news headlines of exploration successes, NASA scientists and engineers sweat plenty, bleed a bit at times, and even shed tears on occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission currently on deck in the sweat shop of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory is the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020 Rover\u003c/a>, the next robot that will set wheels on the dusty Martian landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943021\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 688px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943021 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/688px-260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full.jpg\" alt=\"Color-enhanced image of Jezero Delta, a portion of Jezero Crater, the chosen landing destination for the Mars 2020 rover. The color enhancements indicate varying mineral content, with green showing water-formed clay deposits. Image created from measurements by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \" width=\"688\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/688px-260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full.jpg 688w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/688px-260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-160x128.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Color-enhanced image of Jezero Delta, a portion of Jezero Crater, the chosen landing destination for the Mars 2020 rover. The color enhancements indicate varying mineral content, with green showing water-formed clay deposits. Image created from measurements by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL/JHU-APL/MSSS/Brown University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shake and Bake Trials\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a monumental feat to hurl a robot millions of miles through the cold, radiation-blasted vacuum of space and safely navigate through an alien atmosphere to land on hard rock and abrasive, wind-blown soil. It is only accomplished after months and years of planning, testing, retesting and ultimately crossing fingers in hope of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To lessen the risk of even a minor problem ending a mission prematurely — an electrical connector shaking loose, a bolt popping out, or a tiny but disastrous fuel leak — all space-bound equipment is subjected to rigorous testing, “trials of pain” designed to simulate the brutal conditions to be endured on the actual mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, scarcely a year from its scheduled launch, NASA’s Mars 2020 was put through such trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First were the vibration tests — a sort of \u003cem>trial by very loud noise\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A duplicate stand-in of the Mars 2020 rover was placed within the aeroshell cocoon the real one will ride in all the way into Mars’ atmosphere, assembled in the same \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/spacecraft/\">configuration it will be for launch in July 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spacecraft “stack” was placed in a large chamber and blasted with over 150 decibels of random noise to simulate the vibrations of launch, the moment in any mission when spacecraft components are most likely to shake loose and come apart. Sound at the 150 decibels level is about what you’d experience standing 80 feet from a large jet engine at take-off — loud enough to rupture your eardrums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mars 2020 test stack passed the tests, letting mission engineers worry a bit less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943016\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943016 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Engineers get the Mars 2020 rover (duplicate stand-in) and its aeroshell enclosure ready for thermal and vacuum testing in JPL's Space Simulator Facility. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Engineers get the Mars 2020 rover (duplicate stand-in) and its aeroshell enclosure ready for thermal and vacuum testing in JPL’s Space Simulator Facility. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Next, the spacecraft was \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8441/nasas-mars-2020-gets-a-dose-of-space-here-on-earth/\">placed in the 85-foot-tall Space Simulator Facility\u003c/a>, a chamber that has tested robot hardiness as far back as the early 1960s with the Mariner missions, and many since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chamber simulates the harsh environment of space, which the spacecraft will have to endure over seven months of cruising between Earth and Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After pumping the air out of the chamber to near vacuum, liquid nitrogen super-chilled its walls to -200 degrees F, a temperature cold enough to freeze a person solid in seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as a finishing touch, powerful xenon lamps bathed the spacecraft in simulated sunlight, approximating the raw solar radiation the equipment will need to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial concluded successfully after a full eight days, assuring engineers that the spacecraft is as ready as it will ever be for the perils ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rehearsing a Mars Landing Here on Earth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most intense, nail-biting, nerve-wracking part of the entire journey to Mars is not the thunderous rocket launch, or the seven months of interplanetary cruising to follow, but the brief moment of atmospheric \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission/timeline/edl/\">entry, descent, and landing\u003c/a> (EDL), which has earned the title “Seven Minutes of Terror” from NASA operators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so many things that could go wrong during EDL—a parachute failing to deploy, a rocket failing to fire, or a terminal crash-landing in unexpectedly rugged terrain—every iota of advanced disaster prevention that can be imagined is planned out and tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accordingly, NASA has made use of the arguably most Mars-like landscapes on Earth, Death Valley National Park, to \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7411\">test Mars 2020’s special Lander Vision System\u003c/a>. The LVS will guide Mars 2020 to a safe landing spot on the floor of its ultimate destination, \u003ca href=\"https://www.universetoday.com/140590/its-decided-the-mars-2020-rover-will-land-in-jezero-crater/\">Jezero Crater\u003c/a>, in February 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943017\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"NASA testing the Mars 2020 mission's Landing Vision System on the nose of an Airbus helicopter in Death Valley National Park. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA testing the Mars 2020 mission’s Landing Vision System on the nose of an Airbus helicopter in Death Valley National Park. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA mounted an engineering duplicate of the LVS on the nose of a helicopter and flew it through a series of maneuvers over the rugged mountainous desert terrain in Death Valley. During the flights the LVS collected and analyzed imagery of the surface below, testing its ability to identify landing hazards and safe havens on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943020\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943020 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Mars 2020 will be the first mission with the ability to assess a prospective landing site in real-time and, if necessary, divert to an alternate, safer site. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars 2020 will be the first mission with the ability to assess a prospective landing site in real-time and, if necessary, divert to an alternate, safer site. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mars 2020 will be the first-ever robotic landing mission with the ability to \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/timeline/entry-descent-landing/\">retarget its precise landing site on the fly\u003c/a>, based on real-time terrain imaging data — something that past missions left somewhat to chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Practice Makes Perfect?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exploration of other worlds in our solar system has never been easy. If you think that exploring Mars is a cakewalk, consider that of the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/log/\">45 Mars missions attempted since 1960\u003c/a>, only 22 have been successful (or partially successful).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the unsuccessful attempts didn’t even get as far as Earth orbit, some experienced a failure during their interplanetary voyage, and some ended up crashing spectacularly upon arrival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA has taken all the precautions it can to ensure a safe trip for Mars 2020. Engineers have tested everything that can be tested, imagined and planned for most things that can go wrong, and will continue to do so up to the day of launch in July 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, all that will be left to do is to cross fingers and hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Mars 2020 rover endures grueling tests of sound, vacuum, heat and cold before its July 2020 launch. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848611,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1049},"headData":{"title":"Mars 2020 Spacecraft Shaken, Stirred and Chilled in Tests of Space Worthiness | KQED","description":"The Mars 2020 rover endures grueling tests of sound, vacuum, heat and cold before its July 2020 launch. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Mars 2020 Spacecraft Shaken, Stirred and Chilled in Tests of Space Worthiness","datePublished":"2019-06-11T07:01:48.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:03:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Mars Exploration","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1943005/dress-rehearsal-time-for-the-mars-2020-spacecraft","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NASA can make the exploration of Mars look easy. Generations of robotic spacecraft sent to orbit, land upon, and rove about the Martian surface seem to do their jobs courageously without even working up a sweat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But behind the scenes of the flashy news headlines of exploration successes, NASA scientists and engineers sweat plenty, bleed a bit at times, and even shed tears on occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission currently on deck in the sweat shop of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory is the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020 Rover\u003c/a>, the next robot that will set wheels on the dusty Martian landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943021\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 688px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943021 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/688px-260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full.jpg\" alt=\"Color-enhanced image of Jezero Delta, a portion of Jezero Crater, the chosen landing destination for the Mars 2020 rover. The color enhancements indicate varying mineral content, with green showing water-formed clay deposits. Image created from measurements by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \" width=\"688\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/688px-260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full.jpg 688w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/688px-260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-160x128.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Color-enhanced image of Jezero Delta, a portion of Jezero Crater, the chosen landing destination for the Mars 2020 rover. The color enhancements indicate varying mineral content, with green showing water-formed clay deposits. Image created from measurements by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL/JHU-APL/MSSS/Brown University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shake and Bake Trials\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a monumental feat to hurl a robot millions of miles through the cold, radiation-blasted vacuum of space and safely navigate through an alien atmosphere to land on hard rock and abrasive, wind-blown soil. It is only accomplished after months and years of planning, testing, retesting and ultimately crossing fingers in hope of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To lessen the risk of even a minor problem ending a mission prematurely — an electrical connector shaking loose, a bolt popping out, or a tiny but disastrous fuel leak — all space-bound equipment is subjected to rigorous testing, “trials of pain” designed to simulate the brutal conditions to be endured on the actual mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, scarcely a year from its scheduled launch, NASA’s Mars 2020 was put through such trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First were the vibration tests — a sort of \u003cem>trial by very loud noise\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A duplicate stand-in of the Mars 2020 rover was placed within the aeroshell cocoon the real one will ride in all the way into Mars’ atmosphere, assembled in the same \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/spacecraft/\">configuration it will be for launch in July 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spacecraft “stack” was placed in a large chamber and blasted with over 150 decibels of random noise to simulate the vibrations of launch, the moment in any mission when spacecraft components are most likely to shake loose and come apart. Sound at the 150 decibels level is about what you’d experience standing 80 feet from a large jet engine at take-off — loud enough to rupture your eardrums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mars 2020 test stack passed the tests, letting mission engineers worry a bit less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943016\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943016 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Engineers get the Mars 2020 rover (duplicate stand-in) and its aeroshell enclosure ready for thermal and vacuum testing in JPL's Space Simulator Facility. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Engineers get the Mars 2020 rover (duplicate stand-in) and its aeroshell enclosure ready for thermal and vacuum testing in JPL’s Space Simulator Facility. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Next, the spacecraft was \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8441/nasas-mars-2020-gets-a-dose-of-space-here-on-earth/\">placed in the 85-foot-tall Space Simulator Facility\u003c/a>, a chamber that has tested robot hardiness as far back as the early 1960s with the Mariner missions, and many since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chamber simulates the harsh environment of space, which the spacecraft will have to endure over seven months of cruising between Earth and Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After pumping the air out of the chamber to near vacuum, liquid nitrogen super-chilled its walls to -200 degrees F, a temperature cold enough to freeze a person solid in seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as a finishing touch, powerful xenon lamps bathed the spacecraft in simulated sunlight, approximating the raw solar radiation the equipment will need to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial concluded successfully after a full eight days, assuring engineers that the spacecraft is as ready as it will ever be for the perils ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rehearsing a Mars Landing Here on Earth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most intense, nail-biting, nerve-wracking part of the entire journey to Mars is not the thunderous rocket launch, or the seven months of interplanetary cruising to follow, but the brief moment of atmospheric \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission/timeline/edl/\">entry, descent, and landing\u003c/a> (EDL), which has earned the title “Seven Minutes of Terror” from NASA operators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so many things that could go wrong during EDL—a parachute failing to deploy, a rocket failing to fire, or a terminal crash-landing in unexpectedly rugged terrain—every iota of advanced disaster prevention that can be imagined is planned out and tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accordingly, NASA has made use of the arguably most Mars-like landscapes on Earth, Death Valley National Park, to \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7411\">test Mars 2020’s special Lander Vision System\u003c/a>. The LVS will guide Mars 2020 to a safe landing spot on the floor of its ultimate destination, \u003ca href=\"https://www.universetoday.com/140590/its-decided-the-mars-2020-rover-will-land-in-jezero-crater/\">Jezero Crater\u003c/a>, in February 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943017\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"NASA testing the Mars 2020 mission's Landing Vision System on the nose of an Airbus helicopter in Death Valley National Park. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA testing the Mars 2020 mission’s Landing Vision System on the nose of an Airbus helicopter in Death Valley National Park. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA mounted an engineering duplicate of the LVS on the nose of a helicopter and flew it through a series of maneuvers over the rugged mountainous desert terrain in Death Valley. During the flights the LVS collected and analyzed imagery of the surface below, testing its ability to identify landing hazards and safe havens on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943020\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943020 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Mars 2020 will be the first mission with the ability to assess a prospective landing site in real-time and, if necessary, divert to an alternate, safer site. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars 2020 will be the first mission with the ability to assess a prospective landing site in real-time and, if necessary, divert to an alternate, safer site. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mars 2020 will be the first-ever robotic landing mission with the ability to \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/timeline/entry-descent-landing/\">retarget its precise landing site on the fly\u003c/a>, based on real-time terrain imaging data — something that past missions left somewhat to chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Practice Makes Perfect?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exploration of other worlds in our solar system has never been easy. If you think that exploring Mars is a cakewalk, consider that of the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/log/\">45 Mars missions attempted since 1960\u003c/a>, only 22 have been successful (or partially successful).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the unsuccessful attempts didn’t even get as far as Earth orbit, some experienced a failure during their interplanetary voyage, and some ended up crashing spectacularly upon arrival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA has taken all the precautions it can to ensure a safe trip for Mars 2020. Engineers have tested everything that can be tested, imagined and planned for most things that can go wrong, and will continue to do so up to the day of launch in July 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, all that will be left to do is to cross fingers and hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1943005/dress-rehearsal-time-for-the-mars-2020-spacecraft","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_3832","science_3834","science_5188","science_3616","science_5175","science_420"],"featImg":"science_1943023","label":"source_science_1943005"},"science_1940135":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1940135","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1940135","score":null,"sort":[1555433324000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"were-sending-a-helicopter-to-mars","title":"We're Sending a Helicopter to Mars","publishDate":1555433324,"format":"standard","headTitle":"We’re Sending a Helicopter to Mars | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Get ready for your next big Martian adventure!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a Hollywood epic about the stranding and rescue of a lone astronaut, but a real-world expedition: the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPXU_uQThGo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars 2020 rover\u003c/a> mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And NASA’s newest robot explorer isn’t going alone. Mars 2020 is being accompanied by the first-of-its-kind Mars Helicopter. Yes, in this case, NASA saved its innovation for the engineering, not the nomenclature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mars Helicopter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late January, the fully assembled softball-sized, 4-pound robot with twin rotors was tested at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a chamber that replicates the actual conditions on Mars that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/the-physics-of-nasas-new-mars-helicopter/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">helicopter must endure, \u003c/a>temperatures were set as low as minus-130 degrees Fahrenheit, with a simulated atmosphere of carbon dioxide equivalent to the atmospheric pressure at 100,000 feet on Earth. (The highest altitude reached by a helicopter here on this planet was 29,000 feet, where it \u003ca href=\"https://www.verticalmag.com/features/landing-everest-didier-delsalle-recalls-record-flight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">landed\u003c/a> on the peak of Mount Everest.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1940143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/MHinflight-nasajplcaltech-800x448.jpg\" alt=\"Artist depiction of the Mars Helicopter in flight on Mars. \" width=\"800\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/MHinflight-nasajplcaltech.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/MHinflight-nasajplcaltech-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/MHinflight-nasajplcaltech-768x430.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist depiction of the Mars Helicopter in flight on Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even Mars’ lower-surface gravity, one-third of Earth’s, was simulated during test flights, with a special tether providing a constant upward tug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars Helicoper\u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> passed \u003c/a>its two hovering test flights with flying colors, so to speak. The next time the helicopter takes off will be on Mars, in early 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Future of Martian Flight\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars Helicopter is accompanying its mother-ship rover as a demonstration of technology that can be put to use on future missions — a beta test to see how well the technology performs on Mars, and to learn what features and capabilities might be included in next-generation copters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rovers are great for getting around on the surface of another planet, but the six-wheeled robots can’t roam everywhere; some terrain is navigationally challenging or simply impassable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a rover with a tiny solar-powered, flying camera-bot can deploy it to get close looks at intriguing geological features, scout what’s on the other side of hills and ridges that the rover can’t get to, and maybe even collect rock and soil samples over a wide range of territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars scientists are probably waking up late at night imagining how to put future whirly-bots to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mission of Mars 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exploration of Mars has been an exciting ongoing adventure for the past several decades, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9YBPRF3o5w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars 2020\u003c/a> has the potential to deliver the most exciting news yet: evidence of past Martian life. Not since the Viking landers conducted inconclusive experiments to detect signs of present life has a mission looked for Martians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physically modeled after the rover Curiosity, which is presently looking for, and finding, clues to Mars’ past watery climate, one of Mars 2020’s objectives is to look for signs of anything that might have lived in those ancient seas and lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940144\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1940144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"Diagram of Mars 2020's suite of instruments designed to look for the chemical residues of past Martian life, assess the climate, and investigate the geology at its landing site. \" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-800x495.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-768x475.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-1020x631.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-1200x743.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-1920x1188.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diagram of Mars 2020’s suite of instruments designed to look for the chemical residues of past Martian life, assess the climate, and investigate the geology at its landing site. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Along with a \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/instruments/\">suite of highly advanced scientific instruments\u003c/a>, the rover is also carrying an experiment, MOXIE, to produce oxygen from Mars’ atmospheric carbon dioxide to test how future human explorers might produce breathable oxygen from the Martian environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carrying On a Long Legacy of Mars Crawling\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With each successive landing mission, NASA adds something new to the conversation about the exploration of Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1976, the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/past/viking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Viking missions \u003c/a>achieved the first successful landings on Mars, allowing for our first surface-view of the planet. They also attempted, optimistically, to find life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1997, \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/past/pathfinder/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pathfinder\u003c/a> carried the first rover, Sojourner, to set wheels on Martian dirt, and the 330 feet it traveled from rock to rock at the time felt like a marathon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940145\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1940145\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-800x179.jpg\" alt=\"In the final days of its 15-year trek on Mars, the rover Opportunity captured this sweeping panorama from its final resting place in Perseverance Valley. \" width=\"800\" height=\"179\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-800x179.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-160x36.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-768x171.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-1020x228.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-1200x268.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-1920x428.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the final days of its 15-year trek on Mars, the rover Opportunity captured this sweeping panorama from its final resting place in Perseverance Valley. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell University/ASU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2004, \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spirit and Opportunity\u003c/a> were the first wheels-on-the-ground expedition to search for signs of past water on Mars, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7334\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">culminating\u003c/a> in a spectacular 15-year, 26-mile odyssey of discovery by Opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2012 landing of \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Curiosity\u003c/a> kicked off the first mission to take us on a tour through time, reading the pages of Mars’ climate history through sedimentary layers going back a couple billion years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the most recent mission, \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InSight\u003c/a>, will give us our first look inside Mars, straight to the core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Launch and Landing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/timeline/\">Mars 2020 mission\u003c/a>, rover and helicopter, will launch in July 2020, with a landing projected for February 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From all that we now know about Mars’ once more Earth-like conditions, about the tenacity and adaptability of \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/extremophile.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extremophile\u003c/a> life forms on Earth, and about the efficacy of the formation of organic compounds under the right conditions, scientists are optimistic that Mars 2020 could find evidence of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while I’d love to see microscopic pictures of Martian microbe fossils, I’ll settle for any chemical residues left in rock that we can point to and say:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was life here!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Mars 2020 rover mission's Mars Helicopter has passed its flight tests and is now cleared to fly Martian skies. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848741,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":888},"headData":{"title":"We're Sending a Helicopter to Mars | KQED","description":"The Mars 2020 rover mission's Mars Helicopter has passed its flight tests and is now cleared to fly Martian skies. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"We're Sending a Helicopter to Mars","datePublished":"2019-04-16T16:48:44.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:05:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1940135/were-sending-a-helicopter-to-mars","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Get ready for your next big Martian adventure!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a Hollywood epic about the stranding and rescue of a lone astronaut, but a real-world expedition: the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPXU_uQThGo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars 2020 rover\u003c/a> mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And NASA’s newest robot explorer isn’t going alone. Mars 2020 is being accompanied by the first-of-its-kind Mars Helicopter. Yes, in this case, NASA saved its innovation for the engineering, not the nomenclature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mars Helicopter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late January, the fully assembled softball-sized, 4-pound robot with twin rotors was tested at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a chamber that replicates the actual conditions on Mars that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/the-physics-of-nasas-new-mars-helicopter/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">helicopter must endure, \u003c/a>temperatures were set as low as minus-130 degrees Fahrenheit, with a simulated atmosphere of carbon dioxide equivalent to the atmospheric pressure at 100,000 feet on Earth. (The highest altitude reached by a helicopter here on this planet was 29,000 feet, where it \u003ca href=\"https://www.verticalmag.com/features/landing-everest-didier-delsalle-recalls-record-flight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">landed\u003c/a> on the peak of Mount Everest.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1940143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/MHinflight-nasajplcaltech-800x448.jpg\" alt=\"Artist depiction of the Mars Helicopter in flight on Mars. \" width=\"800\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/MHinflight-nasajplcaltech.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/MHinflight-nasajplcaltech-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/MHinflight-nasajplcaltech-768x430.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist depiction of the Mars Helicopter in flight on Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even Mars’ lower-surface gravity, one-third of Earth’s, was simulated during test flights, with a special tether providing a constant upward tug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars Helicoper\u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> passed \u003c/a>its two hovering test flights with flying colors, so to speak. The next time the helicopter takes off will be on Mars, in early 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Future of Martian Flight\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars Helicopter is accompanying its mother-ship rover as a demonstration of technology that can be put to use on future missions — a beta test to see how well the technology performs on Mars, and to learn what features and capabilities might be included in next-generation copters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rovers are great for getting around on the surface of another planet, but the six-wheeled robots can’t roam everywhere; some terrain is navigationally challenging or simply impassable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a rover with a tiny solar-powered, flying camera-bot can deploy it to get close looks at intriguing geological features, scout what’s on the other side of hills and ridges that the rover can’t get to, and maybe even collect rock and soil samples over a wide range of territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars scientists are probably waking up late at night imagining how to put future whirly-bots to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mission of Mars 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exploration of Mars has been an exciting ongoing adventure for the past several decades, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9YBPRF3o5w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars 2020\u003c/a> has the potential to deliver the most exciting news yet: evidence of past Martian life. Not since the Viking landers conducted inconclusive experiments to detect signs of present life has a mission looked for Martians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physically modeled after the rover Curiosity, which is presently looking for, and finding, clues to Mars’ past watery climate, one of Mars 2020’s objectives is to look for signs of anything that might have lived in those ancient seas and lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940144\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1940144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"Diagram of Mars 2020's suite of instruments designed to look for the chemical residues of past Martian life, assess the climate, and investigate the geology at its landing site. \" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-800x495.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-768x475.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-1020x631.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-1200x743.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover-1920x1188.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/mars2020rover.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diagram of Mars 2020’s suite of instruments designed to look for the chemical residues of past Martian life, assess the climate, and investigate the geology at its landing site. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Along with a \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/instruments/\">suite of highly advanced scientific instruments\u003c/a>, the rover is also carrying an experiment, MOXIE, to produce oxygen from Mars’ atmospheric carbon dioxide to test how future human explorers might produce breathable oxygen from the Martian environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carrying On a Long Legacy of Mars Crawling\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With each successive landing mission, NASA adds something new to the conversation about the exploration of Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1976, the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/past/viking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Viking missions \u003c/a>achieved the first successful landings on Mars, allowing for our first surface-view of the planet. They also attempted, optimistically, to find life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1997, \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/past/pathfinder/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pathfinder\u003c/a> carried the first rover, Sojourner, to set wheels on Martian dirt, and the 330 feet it traveled from rock to rock at the time felt like a marathon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1940145\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1940145\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-800x179.jpg\" alt=\"In the final days of its 15-year trek on Mars, the rover Opportunity captured this sweeping panorama from its final resting place in Perseverance Valley. \" width=\"800\" height=\"179\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-800x179.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-160x36.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-768x171.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-1020x228.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-1200x268.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2-1920x428.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/04/opportunitys-last-pan-nasajplcaltechcornellasu2.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the final days of its 15-year trek on Mars, the rover Opportunity captured this sweeping panorama from its final resting place in Perseverance Valley. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell University/ASU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2004, \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spirit and Opportunity\u003c/a> were the first wheels-on-the-ground expedition to search for signs of past water on Mars, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7334\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">culminating\u003c/a> in a spectacular 15-year, 26-mile odyssey of discovery by Opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2012 landing of \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Curiosity\u003c/a> kicked off the first mission to take us on a tour through time, reading the pages of Mars’ climate history through sedimentary layers going back a couple billion years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the most recent mission, \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InSight\u003c/a>, will give us our first look inside Mars, straight to the core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Launch and Landing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/timeline/\">Mars 2020 mission\u003c/a>, rover and helicopter, will launch in July 2020, with a landing projected for February 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From all that we now know about Mars’ once more Earth-like conditions, about the tenacity and adaptability of \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/extremophile.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extremophile\u003c/a> life forms on Earth, and about the efficacy of the formation of organic compounds under the right conditions, scientists are optimistic that Mars 2020 could find evidence of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while I’d love to see microscopic pictures of Martian microbe fossils, I’ll settle for any chemical residues left in rock that we can point to and say:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was life here!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1940135/were-sending-a-helicopter-to-mars","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_3370","science_5179","science_3616","science_3617","science_5175","science_420"],"featImg":"science_1940142","label":"source_science_1940135"},"science_1934067":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1934067","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1934067","score":null,"sort":[1542045672000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasa-to-insight-brace-for-landing","title":"NASA InSIGHT Spacecraft Set to Land on Mars Nov. 26","publishDate":1542045672,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NASA InSIGHT Spacecraft Set to Land on Mars Nov. 26 | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>After traveling 75 million miles since its launch last May, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/\">InSIGHT\u003c/a> spacecraft is scheduled to land on Mars on Monday, November 26 around noon, Pacific Time. NASA TV will \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/timeline/landing/watch-online/?fbclid=IwAR0_xrqXsalbuKxsT_BUR1v2rg0YAqXJpvBAF7qhb2GkFpu1jgTXD290620\">cover the adventure\u003c/a> as a livestream. Trust me, you do not want to miss this spectacle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last landing on Mars was six years ago, by the rover Curiosity. The next will not be until at least 2020, so InSIGHT’s upcoming \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/timeline/landing/entry-descent-landing/\">entry, descent, and landing\u003c/a> is a rare opportunity to witness a hair-raising plunge into unexplored extraterrestrial territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have forgotten how thrilling this can be, let’s refresh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the spacecraft hits the thin upper atmosphere 80 miles above the surface at over 12,000 miles per hour, striking heat-shield-first in a fiery reentry burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From this point until it sets down safely on the ground–a period of about six minutes–InSIGHT must successfully perform a serious of pre-programmed actions, without any assistance from people back on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These include the ejection of its heat shield, the deployment of its supersonic parachute, followed later by the deployment of its secondary, sub-sonic parachute, and finally a retrorocket-thrust-assisted soft landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, ground control on Earth had to wait until after landing even to get the “successful touchdown” ping from the spacecraft, and hours longer for the robot to relay the landing telemetry data. InSIGHT’s descent, however, will be monitored by two miniature “cubesat” spacecraft, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/cubesat/missions/marco.php\">MarCO,\u003c/a> that were launched with it and have followed along to Mars to relay the telemetry even as the spacecraft descends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1934075\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Artist illustration of the InSIGHT spacecraft approaching Mars for its November 26th entry, descent, and landing. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist illustration of the InSIGHT spacecraft approaching Mars for its November 26th entry, descent, and landing. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why We Land Robots to Mars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the robotic landers and rovers before InSIGHT set out to see the sights and scratch the surface rocks and soils of Mars, from the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/past/viking/\">Viking\u003c/a> landers in 1976 to the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/\">Curiosity\u003c/a> rover in 2012. Their scientific goals were focused on the search for water, indications of life and clues to the planet’s past environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of their investigations have been exciting: turning up \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/07/news-lake-found-mars-water-polar-cap-life-space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signs of liquid water\u003c/a> present today, and evidence of ancient precipitation, surface flows, deep lakes and wide seas of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasas-curiosity-rover-sharpens-paradox-of-ancient-mars\">liquid water\u003c/a> that paint a picture of a primordial Mars much more Earth-like, and potentially life-friendly, than the cold dry desert it is today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is InSIGHT Looking For?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSIGHT (an abbreviation of Interior exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy, and Heat Transport) is similar in design to the Phoenix lander, which set down in Mars’ extreme northern polar region in 2007 to investigate a vast reservoir of water ice detected from orbit. The lander is 5 feet long, 3 feet high and weighing 789 pounds. Its twin fans of solar panels, when deployed, span almost 20 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 690px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1934072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-nasajplcaltech-lockheedmartin4.jpg\" alt=\"The InSIGHT lander during its assembly and testing phase. The circular solar panels (shown deployed in this picture) are designed to unfold like oragami fans after landing. \" width=\"690\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-nasajplcaltech-lockheedmartin4.jpg 690w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-nasajplcaltech-lockheedmartin4-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-nasajplcaltech-lockheedmartin4-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-nasajplcaltech-lockheedmartin4-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-nasajplcaltech-lockheedmartin4-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The InSIGHT lander during its assembly and testing phase. The circular solar panels (shown deployed in this picture) are designed to unfold like oragami fans after landing. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/Lockheed Martin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But InSIGHT’s scientific goals are very different from all past Mars landing missions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employing an instrument suite that includes a seismometer, a ground-penetrating temperature probe, and Doppler radiowave measurements, InSIGHT will investigate the interior structure of Mars, giving us a glimpse as deep as the planetary mantle and core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But InSIGHT’s mission goals go beyond divining the internal structure and distributions of material within Mars. More broadly, scientists seek to understand how Mars, and by extension all of the solid \u003ca href=\"https://theplanets.org/terrestrial-planets/\">terrestrial planets\u003c/a> (Earth, Venus, and Mercury included), originally formed over five and a half billion years ago—under the assumption that they all formed under similar conditions and processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSIGHT’s \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/seis/\">seismometer\u003c/a>, which will be placed on Mars’ surface with a robot arm — like a doctor’s stethoscope placed on a patient’s chest — will listen for seismic waves traveling through the planet’s interior. The tremors may be created by Marsquakes, meteorite impacts, or other weighty shifts of material. How those shock waves travel through Mars will let scientists piece together a sort of “sonogram” to probe structures and densities of Mars’ interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/hp3/\">ground-penetrating probe\u003c/a> will bore downward through several meters of soil, pulling behind it a string of temperature sensors that will measure how quickly, and how much, heat is escaping from Mars’ interior. This data can provide insight to the thermal state of Mars’ core — how much heat remains from its original formation five billion years ago, and how much it has cooled and solidified since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934073\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1934073\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-profile3.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration showing InSIGHT and a cutaway profile of the ground under the Elysium Planitia landing site. The seismometer (SEIS) is shown deployed on the ground (dome-shape to left), and the HP3 ground-boring temperature probe runs directly below. \" width=\"640\" height=\"843\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-profile3.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-profile3-160x211.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-profile3-240x316.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-profile3-375x494.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-profile3-520x685.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration showing InSIGHT and a cutaway profile of the ground under the Elysium Planitia landing site. The seismometer (SEIS) is shown deployed on the ground (dome-shape to left), and the HP3 ground-boring temperature probe runs directly below. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finally, an experiment known as RISE that \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/rise/\">measures the Doppler shift\u003c/a> of InSIGHT’s radio transmissions back to Earth will detect very tiny variations in Mars’ rotation: small wobbles and perturbations that can indicate fine details of internal structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is something like how a washing machine in the spin-dry cycle may vibrate or “dance” because of an imbalance in the laundry load. The frequency and degree of wobbling depends on the distribution of the wet spinning laundry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSIGHT will also have a camera. Even though its main mission is to probe Mars’ interior and understand how all the planets of the inner solar system originated, people back on Earth might be upset if we don’t get to see pictures of the surrounding landscape, even if it’s plain and flat. The camera will also help guide the placement of the seismometer and thermal probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=13&v=LKLITDmm4NA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Landing Site in Sight: Elysium Planitia\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what landing site has NASA chosen? With such different scientific objectives than its predecessors — the Vikings, Pathfinder, Spirit and Opportunity, Phoenix, and Curiosity — you might expect InSIGHT’s destination to be as unique and exotic as its deep-probing mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let me turn the question around for a moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you were a Martian sending a robotic lander to Earth, where would you choose to land: Yosemite, or the great flat expanse of the Atacama Desert?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It depends on your goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Yosemite would be a great spot for taking breathtaking panoramic landscape pictures, if your goal is to probe the interior of the planet, it doesn’t really matter where you land. In this case, you might be wise to choose as bland, flat, uninteresting—and safe—a spot as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934074\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 780px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1934074\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6.jpg\" alt=\"Orbital image of a recent meteorite impact in Elysium Planitia, captured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \" width=\"780\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6.jpg 780w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6-160x81.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6-768x387.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6-240x121.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6-375x189.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6-520x262.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orbital image of a recent meteorite impact in Elysium Planitia, captured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And so, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7273&utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=nasajpl&utm_content=daily20181105-1\">NASA has chosen\u003c/a> the wide, very flat, very humdrum landscape of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/pia22232/insight-s-landing-site-elysium-planitia\">Elysium Planitia\u003c/a> to set InSIGHT upon, with much less concern for landing hazards like big rocks, hills, pits, and slopes than in Mars’ more rugged sightseeing spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>InSIGHT Won’t Be Alone\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the moment there is only one functioning robot on Mars: the Curiosity rover, which is exploring the spectacular landscapes of Gale Crater and its central Mount Sharp looking for signs of past water — and finding plenty of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rover \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8364/update-on-opportunity-rover-recovery-efforts/\">Opportunity\u003c/a>, which last June went into a power-saving “sleep” mode in response to a major global dust storm, has not been heard from since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSIGHT will return Mars’ active robot population to two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In two more years from now, the count will bump up to three for the first time in history with the landing of the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020 rover\u003c/a>, on its mission to look for signs of past Martian life.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NASA's InSIGHT spacecraft is scheduled to land on Mars Monday, November 26, on a mission to look within the Red Planet. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927318,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1336},"headData":{"title":"NASA InSIGHT Spacecraft Set to Land on Mars Nov. 26 | KQED","description":"NASA's InSIGHT spacecraft is scheduled to land on Mars Monday, November 26, on a mission to look within the Red Planet. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"NASA InSIGHT Spacecraft Set to Land on Mars Nov. 26","datePublished":"2018-11-12T18:01:12.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:55:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1934067/nasa-to-insight-brace-for-landing","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After traveling 75 million miles since its launch last May, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/\">InSIGHT\u003c/a> spacecraft is scheduled to land on Mars on Monday, November 26 around noon, Pacific Time. NASA TV will \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/timeline/landing/watch-online/?fbclid=IwAR0_xrqXsalbuKxsT_BUR1v2rg0YAqXJpvBAF7qhb2GkFpu1jgTXD290620\">cover the adventure\u003c/a> as a livestream. Trust me, you do not want to miss this spectacle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last landing on Mars was six years ago, by the rover Curiosity. The next will not be until at least 2020, so InSIGHT’s upcoming \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/timeline/landing/entry-descent-landing/\">entry, descent, and landing\u003c/a> is a rare opportunity to witness a hair-raising plunge into unexplored extraterrestrial territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have forgotten how thrilling this can be, let’s refresh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the spacecraft hits the thin upper atmosphere 80 miles above the surface at over 12,000 miles per hour, striking heat-shield-first in a fiery reentry burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From this point until it sets down safely on the ground–a period of about six minutes–InSIGHT must successfully perform a serious of pre-programmed actions, without any assistance from people back on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These include the ejection of its heat shield, the deployment of its supersonic parachute, followed later by the deployment of its secondary, sub-sonic parachute, and finally a retrorocket-thrust-assisted soft landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, ground control on Earth had to wait until after landing even to get the “successful touchdown” ping from the spacecraft, and hours longer for the robot to relay the landing telemetry data. InSIGHT’s descent, however, will be monitored by two miniature “cubesat” spacecraft, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/cubesat/missions/marco.php\">MarCO,\u003c/a> that were launched with it and have followed along to Mars to relay the telemetry even as the spacecraft descends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1934075\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Artist illustration of the InSIGHT spacecraft approaching Mars for its November 26th entry, descent, and landing. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insightenroutetomars7-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist illustration of the InSIGHT spacecraft approaching Mars for its November 26th entry, descent, and landing. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why We Land Robots to Mars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the robotic landers and rovers before InSIGHT set out to see the sights and scratch the surface rocks and soils of Mars, from the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/past/viking/\">Viking\u003c/a> landers in 1976 to the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/\">Curiosity\u003c/a> rover in 2012. Their scientific goals were focused on the search for water, indications of life and clues to the planet’s past environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of their investigations have been exciting: turning up \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/07/news-lake-found-mars-water-polar-cap-life-space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signs of liquid water\u003c/a> present today, and evidence of ancient precipitation, surface flows, deep lakes and wide seas of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasas-curiosity-rover-sharpens-paradox-of-ancient-mars\">liquid water\u003c/a> that paint a picture of a primordial Mars much more Earth-like, and potentially life-friendly, than the cold dry desert it is today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is InSIGHT Looking For?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSIGHT (an abbreviation of Interior exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy, and Heat Transport) is similar in design to the Phoenix lander, which set down in Mars’ extreme northern polar region in 2007 to investigate a vast reservoir of water ice detected from orbit. The lander is 5 feet long, 3 feet high and weighing 789 pounds. Its twin fans of solar panels, when deployed, span almost 20 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 690px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1934072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-nasajplcaltech-lockheedmartin4.jpg\" alt=\"The InSIGHT lander during its assembly and testing phase. The circular solar panels (shown deployed in this picture) are designed to unfold like oragami fans after landing. \" width=\"690\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-nasajplcaltech-lockheedmartin4.jpg 690w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-nasajplcaltech-lockheedmartin4-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-nasajplcaltech-lockheedmartin4-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-nasajplcaltech-lockheedmartin4-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-nasajplcaltech-lockheedmartin4-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The InSIGHT lander during its assembly and testing phase. The circular solar panels (shown deployed in this picture) are designed to unfold like oragami fans after landing. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/Lockheed Martin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But InSIGHT’s scientific goals are very different from all past Mars landing missions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employing an instrument suite that includes a seismometer, a ground-penetrating temperature probe, and Doppler radiowave measurements, InSIGHT will investigate the interior structure of Mars, giving us a glimpse as deep as the planetary mantle and core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But InSIGHT’s mission goals go beyond divining the internal structure and distributions of material within Mars. More broadly, scientists seek to understand how Mars, and by extension all of the solid \u003ca href=\"https://theplanets.org/terrestrial-planets/\">terrestrial planets\u003c/a> (Earth, Venus, and Mercury included), originally formed over five and a half billion years ago—under the assumption that they all formed under similar conditions and processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSIGHT’s \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/seis/\">seismometer\u003c/a>, which will be placed on Mars’ surface with a robot arm — like a doctor’s stethoscope placed on a patient’s chest — will listen for seismic waves traveling through the planet’s interior. The tremors may be created by Marsquakes, meteorite impacts, or other weighty shifts of material. How those shock waves travel through Mars will let scientists piece together a sort of “sonogram” to probe structures and densities of Mars’ interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/hp3/\">ground-penetrating probe\u003c/a> will bore downward through several meters of soil, pulling behind it a string of temperature sensors that will measure how quickly, and how much, heat is escaping from Mars’ interior. This data can provide insight to the thermal state of Mars’ core — how much heat remains from its original formation five billion years ago, and how much it has cooled and solidified since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934073\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1934073\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-profile3.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration showing InSIGHT and a cutaway profile of the ground under the Elysium Planitia landing site. The seismometer (SEIS) is shown deployed on the ground (dome-shape to left), and the HP3 ground-boring temperature probe runs directly below. \" width=\"640\" height=\"843\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-profile3.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-profile3-160x211.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-profile3-240x316.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-profile3-375x494.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/insight-profile3-520x685.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration showing InSIGHT and a cutaway profile of the ground under the Elysium Planitia landing site. The seismometer (SEIS) is shown deployed on the ground (dome-shape to left), and the HP3 ground-boring temperature probe runs directly below. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finally, an experiment known as RISE that \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/rise/\">measures the Doppler shift\u003c/a> of InSIGHT’s radio transmissions back to Earth will detect very tiny variations in Mars’ rotation: small wobbles and perturbations that can indicate fine details of internal structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is something like how a washing machine in the spin-dry cycle may vibrate or “dance” because of an imbalance in the laundry load. The frequency and degree of wobbling depends on the distribution of the wet spinning laundry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSIGHT will also have a camera. Even though its main mission is to probe Mars’ interior and understand how all the planets of the inner solar system originated, people back on Earth might be upset if we don’t get to see pictures of the surrounding landscape, even if it’s plain and flat. The camera will also help guide the placement of the seismometer and thermal probe.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/LKLITDmm4NA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/LKLITDmm4NA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Landing Site in Sight: Elysium Planitia\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what landing site has NASA chosen? With such different scientific objectives than its predecessors — the Vikings, Pathfinder, Spirit and Opportunity, Phoenix, and Curiosity — you might expect InSIGHT’s destination to be as unique and exotic as its deep-probing mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let me turn the question around for a moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you were a Martian sending a robotic lander to Earth, where would you choose to land: Yosemite, or the great flat expanse of the Atacama Desert?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It depends on your goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Yosemite would be a great spot for taking breathtaking panoramic landscape pictures, if your goal is to probe the interior of the planet, it doesn’t really matter where you land. In this case, you might be wise to choose as bland, flat, uninteresting—and safe—a spot as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934074\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 780px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1934074\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6.jpg\" alt=\"Orbital image of a recent meteorite impact in Elysium Planitia, captured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \" width=\"780\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6.jpg 780w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6-160x81.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6-768x387.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6-240x121.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6-375x189.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/elysiumplanitiaimpact-nasajpl6-520x262.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orbital image of a recent meteorite impact in Elysium Planitia, captured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And so, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7273&utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=nasajpl&utm_content=daily20181105-1\">NASA has chosen\u003c/a> the wide, very flat, very humdrum landscape of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/pia22232/insight-s-landing-site-elysium-planitia\">Elysium Planitia\u003c/a> to set InSIGHT upon, with much less concern for landing hazards like big rocks, hills, pits, and slopes than in Mars’ more rugged sightseeing spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>InSIGHT Won’t Be Alone\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the moment there is only one functioning robot on Mars: the Curiosity rover, which is exploring the spectacular landscapes of Gale Crater and its central Mount Sharp looking for signs of past water — and finding plenty of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rover \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8364/update-on-opportunity-rover-recovery-efforts/\">Opportunity\u003c/a>, which last June went into a power-saving “sleep” mode in response to a major global dust storm, has not been heard from since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSIGHT will return Mars’ active robot population to two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In two more years from now, the count will bump up to three for the first time in history with the landing of the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020 rover\u003c/a>, on its mission to look for signs of past Martian life.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1934067/nasa-to-insight-brace-for-landing","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28"],"tags":["science_2938","science_5179","science_5175","science_420"],"featImg":"science_1934071","label":"source_science_1934067"},"science_1932537":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1932537","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1932537","score":null,"sort":[1539629407000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"someones-kid-is-gonna-name-the-next-mars-rover-why-not-yours","title":"Someone's Kid is Gonna Name the Next Mars Rover. Why Not Yours?","publishDate":1539629407,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Someone’s Kid is Gonna Name the Next Mars Rover. Why Not Yours? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Do you know the name of the next robotic explorer to set down on the planet Mars? Better still, do you want to name it? If you’re a student age 18 or younger, you have a shot at it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re interested, get your essay-writing game on. NASA will soon be holding a contest to select the official name for its Mars 2020 rover, scheduled to land on Mars in two years on a mission to search for signs of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA is currently reviewing \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8369/nasa-seeking-partner-in-contest-to-name-next-mars-rover/\">proposals from non-profit and educational institutions\u003c/a> to conduct the essay contest, which will take place in the 2019 academic school year. Students from kindergarten to the 12th grade will be given the opportunity to submit an essay championing their name choice for the rover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932541\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932541\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of the Mars 2020 rover, scheduled to set down on Mars in two years on a mission to search for signs of life.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s conception of the Mars 2020 rover, scheduled to set down on Mars in two years on a mission to search for signs of life. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All Martian Rovers Were Named By Kids\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars 2020 won’t be the first robotic rover named by a youth. In fact, not only has every Mars rover been named by a student, every one of the winning essay writers was a pre-teen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932545\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1932545\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/clarama-curiosity4.jpg\" alt=\"Clara Ma, winner of the essay contest to name the Mars Science Laboratory, Curiosity, poses before a model of the rover.\" width=\"500\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/clarama-curiosity4.jpg 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/clarama-curiosity4-160x214.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/clarama-curiosity4-240x321.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/clarama-curiosity4-375x501.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clara Ma, winner of the essay contest to name the Mars Science Laboratory, Curiosity, poses before a model of the rover. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory rover, now exploring the water-laid sediments of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater, was named Curiosity by then 11-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://mashable.com/2012/11/16/clara-ma-curiosity-rover/#uyoXb4em6gqF\">Clara Ma\u003c/a>. Clara won the naming prize with an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/essay-20090527.html\">essay \u003c/a>less than 250 words long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Curiosity is the passion that drives us through our everyday lives. We have become explorers and scientists with our need to ask questions and to wonder. ” — \u003cem>Excerpt from Clara Ma’s essay\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Going back a few years from Curiosity, the twin Mars Exploration Rovers, which landed in 2004, were bestowed the names \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/newsroom/pressreleases/20030608a.html\">Spirit and Opportunity\u003c/a> by 9-year-old Sofi Collis of Scottsdale, Arizona, an adopted orphan born in Siberia. She wrote the winning 50-word essay, saying, “In America, I can make all my dreams come true. Thank you for the ‘Spirit’ and the ‘Opportunity.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Spirit ceased communicating with Earth back in 2010 during its ongoing exploration of Gusev Crater, its twin, Opportunity, was still active up to last June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opportunity went into a protective “sleep” mode during a major global dust storm that cut off sunlight to its solar panels. The dust has now mostly settled, but it’s not clear whether Opportunity will wake up and continue exploring the possibly water-carved Perseverance Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That brings us back to the first-ever Mars rover, the mobile component of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/specials/pathfinder20/\">Pathfinder \u003c/a>landing mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932547\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 256px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1932547 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sojourner-movie.en_.gif\" alt=\"The first Mars rover, Sojourner, crawled around on Mars in 1997. \" width=\"256\" height=\"248\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first Mars rover, Sojourner, crawled around on Mars in 1997. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1995, the announcement of this robot’s naming contest was posted in the January issue of the National Science Teachers Association’s magazine, “Science and Children.” Students were invited to write an essay about the historic accomplishments of a selected heroine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essays were accepted from all over the world, including almost 1,700 from students 5 to 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/MPF/rover/name.html\">winner\u003c/a> was 12-year-old Valerie Ambrose of Bridgeport, Connecticut, who selected Sojourner Truth as her essay subject, an African-American reformist around the time of the Civil War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Fun, and somewhat-related, fact:\u003c/em> Pluto was named by an 11-year-old girl from Oxford, England — Venetia Burney — following a worldwide call for naming suggestions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mars 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020 rover\u003c/a> (what will you name it?) is a physical twin of Curiosity, but will be equipped with a different set of scientific instruments and \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/science/goals/\">goals\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where Curiosity was designed to investigate and assess the history of water on Mars and its suitability to have sustained life, Mars 2020 will search directly for signs of past life on the Red Planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932549\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1932549\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-800x450.gif\" alt=\"The Mars 2020 rover will land a bit differently than its predecessors, selecting its final landing site with more care. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-800x450.gif 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-160x90.gif 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-768x432.gif 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-1020x574.gif 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-1200x675.gif 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-1180x664.gif 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-960x540.gif 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-240x135.gif 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-375x211.gif 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-520x293.gif 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mars 2020 rover will land a bit differently than its predecessors, selecting its final landing site with more care. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mars 2020 will analyze rocks for “biosignatures” of past Martian life, as well as assess past climate conditions. And though the Viking landers of the late 1970s performed experiments to detect present microbial life in Martian soil, Mars 2020 will be the first mission to seek out signs of past Martian life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s In A Name?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you want to be the one to name the new rover, start reading up on past winning essays, give some thought to Mars 2020’s scientific goals and mission, and keep your ears open for the contest’s announcement. It could be you!\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Mars 2020 rover needs a better name, and NASA will soon be holding a contest to determine what that is. Students 18 or under qualify. All the Mars rovers to date have been named by pre-teens.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927397,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":809},"headData":{"title":"Someone's Kid is Gonna Name the Next Mars Rover. Why Not Yours? | KQED","description":"The Mars 2020 rover needs a better name, and NASA will soon be holding a contest to determine what that is. Students 18 or under qualify. All the Mars rovers to date have been named by pre-teens.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Someone's Kid is Gonna Name the Next Mars Rover. Why Not Yours?","datePublished":"2018-10-15T18:50:07.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:56:37.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1932537/someones-kid-is-gonna-name-the-next-mars-rover-why-not-yours","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Do you know the name of the next robotic explorer to set down on the planet Mars? Better still, do you want to name it? If you’re a student age 18 or younger, you have a shot at it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re interested, get your essay-writing game on. NASA will soon be holding a contest to select the official name for its Mars 2020 rover, scheduled to land on Mars in two years on a mission to search for signs of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA is currently reviewing \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8369/nasa-seeking-partner-in-contest-to-name-next-mars-rover/\">proposals from non-profit and educational institutions\u003c/a> to conduct the essay contest, which will take place in the 2019 academic school year. Students from kindergarten to the 12th grade will be given the opportunity to submit an essay championing their name choice for the rover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932541\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932541\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of the Mars 2020 rover, scheduled to set down on Mars in two years on a mission to search for signs of life.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/mars2020-nasa-jpl-caltech-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s conception of the Mars 2020 rover, scheduled to set down on Mars in two years on a mission to search for signs of life. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All Martian Rovers Were Named By Kids\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars 2020 won’t be the first robotic rover named by a youth. In fact, not only has every Mars rover been named by a student, every one of the winning essay writers was a pre-teen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932545\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1932545\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/clarama-curiosity4.jpg\" alt=\"Clara Ma, winner of the essay contest to name the Mars Science Laboratory, Curiosity, poses before a model of the rover.\" width=\"500\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/clarama-curiosity4.jpg 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/clarama-curiosity4-160x214.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/clarama-curiosity4-240x321.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/clarama-curiosity4-375x501.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clara Ma, winner of the essay contest to name the Mars Science Laboratory, Curiosity, poses before a model of the rover. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory rover, now exploring the water-laid sediments of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater, was named Curiosity by then 11-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://mashable.com/2012/11/16/clara-ma-curiosity-rover/#uyoXb4em6gqF\">Clara Ma\u003c/a>. Clara won the naming prize with an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/essay-20090527.html\">essay \u003c/a>less than 250 words long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Curiosity is the passion that drives us through our everyday lives. We have become explorers and scientists with our need to ask questions and to wonder. ” — \u003cem>Excerpt from Clara Ma’s essay\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Going back a few years from Curiosity, the twin Mars Exploration Rovers, which landed in 2004, were bestowed the names \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/newsroom/pressreleases/20030608a.html\">Spirit and Opportunity\u003c/a> by 9-year-old Sofi Collis of Scottsdale, Arizona, an adopted orphan born in Siberia. She wrote the winning 50-word essay, saying, “In America, I can make all my dreams come true. Thank you for the ‘Spirit’ and the ‘Opportunity.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Spirit ceased communicating with Earth back in 2010 during its ongoing exploration of Gusev Crater, its twin, Opportunity, was still active up to last June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opportunity went into a protective “sleep” mode during a major global dust storm that cut off sunlight to its solar panels. The dust has now mostly settled, but it’s not clear whether Opportunity will wake up and continue exploring the possibly water-carved Perseverance Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That brings us back to the first-ever Mars rover, the mobile component of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/specials/pathfinder20/\">Pathfinder \u003c/a>landing mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932547\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 256px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1932547 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sojourner-movie.en_.gif\" alt=\"The first Mars rover, Sojourner, crawled around on Mars in 1997. \" width=\"256\" height=\"248\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first Mars rover, Sojourner, crawled around on Mars in 1997. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1995, the announcement of this robot’s naming contest was posted in the January issue of the National Science Teachers Association’s magazine, “Science and Children.” Students were invited to write an essay about the historic accomplishments of a selected heroine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essays were accepted from all over the world, including almost 1,700 from students 5 to 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/MPF/rover/name.html\">winner\u003c/a> was 12-year-old Valerie Ambrose of Bridgeport, Connecticut, who selected Sojourner Truth as her essay subject, an African-American reformist around the time of the Civil War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Fun, and somewhat-related, fact:\u003c/em> Pluto was named by an 11-year-old girl from Oxford, England — Venetia Burney — following a worldwide call for naming suggestions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mars 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020 rover\u003c/a> (what will you name it?) is a physical twin of Curiosity, but will be equipped with a different set of scientific instruments and \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/science/goals/\">goals\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where Curiosity was designed to investigate and assess the history of water on Mars and its suitability to have sustained life, Mars 2020 will search directly for signs of past life on the Red Planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932549\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1932549\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-800x450.gif\" alt=\"The Mars 2020 rover will land a bit differently than its predecessors, selecting its final landing site with more care. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-800x450.gif 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-160x90.gif 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-768x432.gif 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-1020x574.gif 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-1200x675.gif 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-1180x664.gif 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-960x540.gif 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-240x135.gif 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-375x211.gif 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Mars2020-Landing-Technique-animated-520x293.gif 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mars 2020 rover will land a bit differently than its predecessors, selecting its final landing site with more care. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mars 2020 will analyze rocks for “biosignatures” of past Martian life, as well as assess past climate conditions. And though the Viking landers of the late 1970s performed experiments to detect present microbial life in Martian soil, Mars 2020 will be the first mission to seek out signs of past Martian life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s In A Name?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you want to be the one to name the new rover, start reading up on past winning essays, give some thought to Mars 2020’s scientific goals and mission, and keep your ears open for the contest’s announcement. It could be you!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1932537/someones-kid-is-gonna-name-the-next-mars-rover-why-not-yours","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_3370","science_5179","science_3616","science_5175","science_420"],"featImg":"science_1932543","label":"source_science_1932537"},"science_1925682":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1925682","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1925682","score":null,"sort":[1528902846000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasa-rover-falls-silent-as-gigantic-dust-storm-envelops-mars","title":"NASA Rover Falls Silent As Gigantic Dust Storm Envelops Mars","publishDate":1528902846,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NASA Rover Falls Silent As Gigantic Dust Storm Envelops Mars | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A NASA rover on Mars has fallen silent as a gigantic dust storm envelops the planet and blots out the sun.[contextly_sidebar id=”RywjWZEDWTf3EX24ij65Mo0nVSc9sWsO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flight controllers tried late Tuesday night to contact Opportunity, but the rover did not respond. The storm has been growing since the end of May and now covers one-quarter of the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controllers expect it will be several more days before there’s enough sunlight to recharge Opportunity’s battery through its solar panels. NASA says the battery is likely so low that only a clock is still working, to wake the spacecraft for periodic power-level checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA launched the twin rovers Opportunity and Spirit in 2003 to study Martian rocks and soil. Spirit hasn’t worked for several years. Opportunity, however, has kept exploring well past its expected \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/home/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mission\u003c/a> lifetime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The storm has been growing since the end of May and now covers one-quarter of the planet.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927811,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":146},"headData":{"title":"NASA Rover Falls Silent As Gigantic Dust Storm Envelops Mars | KQED","description":"The storm has been growing since the end of May and now covers one-quarter of the planet.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"NASA Rover Falls Silent As Gigantic Dust Storm Envelops Mars","datePublished":"2018-06-13T15:14:06.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:03:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1925682/nasa-rover-falls-silent-as-gigantic-dust-storm-envelops-mars","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A NASA rover on Mars has fallen silent as a gigantic dust storm envelops the planet and blots out the sun.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flight controllers tried late Tuesday night to contact Opportunity, but the rover did not respond. The storm has been growing since the end of May and now covers one-quarter of the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controllers expect it will be several more days before there’s enough sunlight to recharge Opportunity’s battery through its solar panels. NASA says the battery is likely so low that only a clock is still working, to wake the spacecraft for periodic power-level checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA launched the twin rovers Opportunity and Spirit in 2003 to study Martian rocks and soil. Spirit hasn’t worked for several years. Opportunity, however, has kept exploring well past its expected \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/home/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mission\u003c/a> lifetime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1925682/nasa-rover-falls-silent-as-gigantic-dust-storm-envelops-mars","authors":["11428"],"categories":["science_28"],"tags":["science_1073","science_5179","science_5175","science_420"],"featImg":"science_1914141","label":"source_science_1925682"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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