iPhone Investigation Spurs Federal Testing Into Cellphone Radiation
EPA Will Consider Limits on Toxic Chemicals in Ski Gloves and Frying Pans Showing Up in Waterways
California Law Barring Groundwater Recharge Clashes With Sustainability Goals
After Florida Gets Offshore Drilling Exemption, Other States Ask For The Same
California's New Fracking Regulations Delayed Half a Year
What California's New Fracking Rules Would Do (And Not Do)
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Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kevinstark"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal 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FM","link":"/"}},"science_1946969":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1946969","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1946969","score":null,"sort":[1567515664000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"iphone-investigation-spurs-federal-testing-into-cellphone-radiation","title":"iPhone Investigation Spurs Federal Testing Into Cellphone Radiation","publishDate":1567515664,"format":"standard","headTitle":"iPhone Investigation Spurs Federal Testing Into Cellphone Radiation | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>When reporters from the \u003cem>Chicago Tribune\u003c/em> investigated cellphones for radiofrequency radiation, they found that the popular iPhone 7 measured over the legal safety limit and more than double what Apple reported to federal regulators from its own testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, the Federal Communications Commission, the agency that regulates cellphones, says it will now conduct its own testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samuel Roe, an investigative reporter with the Tribune, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101873014/fcc-to-investigate-cellphone-radiation-exposure\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">discussed\u003c/a> the investigation recently with host Michael Krasny on KQED’s Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roe got the idea to investigate cellphone radiation when his workplace issued him a new iPhone 7, one of the highest selling smartphones of all time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It came in the box and a nice wrapper,” he said. “I sent it to a lab in California — north of San Diego, San Marcos — and they followed all FCC guidelines and rules and tested the phone and it was admitting radiation that was higher than the legal limit, higher than what Apple reported to regulators.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tribune conducted its investigation in partnership with researchers at RF Exposure Lab, an FCC accredited lab in California. Researchers there have tested cellphones for 15 years. For this test, they measured 11 different cellphone models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read their original report \u003ca href=\"https://www.chicagotribune.com/investigations/ct-cell-phone-radiation-testing-20190821-72qgu4nzlfda5kyuhteiieh4da-story.html\">here\u003c/a> and the methodology \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101873014/fcc-to-investigate-cellphone-radiation-exposure\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts of Roe’s answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This Study Did Not Find An Increased Risk of Cancer Or Other Harms\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are talking about electromagnetic radiation. This is not like gamma radiation or X-ray radiation. This is further down the spectrum, so it’s less dangerous. But having said that, high readings from a cellphone can cause thermal damage. That is well documented. No one disputes that. That’s why there’s a safety limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Note: According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/cell-phones/current-research-results\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a>, most studies to date show no connection between health problems and exposure to radiofrequency fields from cellphones. But radiofrequency radiation can damage human tissue at high exposure levels.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Tribune Investigation Raises Questions About Federal Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry is, basically, on the honor system. They choose a lab. By federal rule, the manufacturer must test a phone to ensure that it complies with regulations before taking a new device to market. But the companies only have to test a single device in order to make millions of that phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We tested more phones than Apple tested before they put the iPhone 7 on the market. \u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Federal Standards May Not Be Adequate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The standards are outdated and were issued back in the nineties, when people carried phones in different ways and used them less. I don’t think anybody anticipated how integral the smartphone would be to our lives. We use cellphones 24/7, especially kids. This year, Common Sense Media released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/The-New-Normal-Parents-Teens-and-Devices-Around-the-World\">study\u003c/a> that found that 29 percent of teenagers reported sleeping with their cellphone in bed at night\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There is a Call for These Standards to be Modernized\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the FCC said they are going to buy phones off the shelf, and test them against samples from the manufacturers. The agency shares regulatory responsibility for this issue with the FDA. If the feds find that the phones are out of compliance, they have the power to recall them.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The study raises questions about how well federal regulations are working. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848356,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":561},"headData":{"title":"iPhone Investigation Spurs Federal Testing Into Cellphone Radiation | KQED","description":"The study raises questions about how well federal regulations are working. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Health","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1946969/iphone-investigation-spurs-federal-testing-into-cellphone-radiation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When reporters from the \u003cem>Chicago Tribune\u003c/em> investigated cellphones for radiofrequency radiation, they found that the popular iPhone 7 measured over the legal safety limit and more than double what Apple reported to federal regulators from its own testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, the Federal Communications Commission, the agency that regulates cellphones, says it will now conduct its own testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samuel Roe, an investigative reporter with the Tribune, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101873014/fcc-to-investigate-cellphone-radiation-exposure\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">discussed\u003c/a> the investigation recently with host Michael Krasny on KQED’s Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roe got the idea to investigate cellphone radiation when his workplace issued him a new iPhone 7, one of the highest selling smartphones of all time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It came in the box and a nice wrapper,” he said. “I sent it to a lab in California — north of San Diego, San Marcos — and they followed all FCC guidelines and rules and tested the phone and it was admitting radiation that was higher than the legal limit, higher than what Apple reported to regulators.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tribune conducted its investigation in partnership with researchers at RF Exposure Lab, an FCC accredited lab in California. Researchers there have tested cellphones for 15 years. For this test, they measured 11 different cellphone models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read their original report \u003ca href=\"https://www.chicagotribune.com/investigations/ct-cell-phone-radiation-testing-20190821-72qgu4nzlfda5kyuhteiieh4da-story.html\">here\u003c/a> and the methodology \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101873014/fcc-to-investigate-cellphone-radiation-exposure\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts of Roe’s answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This Study Did Not Find An Increased Risk of Cancer Or Other Harms\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are talking about electromagnetic radiation. This is not like gamma radiation or X-ray radiation. This is further down the spectrum, so it’s less dangerous. But having said that, high readings from a cellphone can cause thermal damage. That is well documented. No one disputes that. That’s why there’s a safety limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Note: According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/cell-phones/current-research-results\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a>, most studies to date show no connection between health problems and exposure to radiofrequency fields from cellphones. But radiofrequency radiation can damage human tissue at high exposure levels.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Tribune Investigation Raises Questions About Federal Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry is, basically, on the honor system. They choose a lab. By federal rule, the manufacturer must test a phone to ensure that it complies with regulations before taking a new device to market. But the companies only have to test a single device in order to make millions of that phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We tested more phones than Apple tested before they put the iPhone 7 on the market. \u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Federal Standards May Not Be Adequate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The standards are outdated and were issued back in the nineties, when people carried phones in different ways and used them less. I don’t think anybody anticipated how integral the smartphone would be to our lives. We use cellphones 24/7, especially kids. This year, Common Sense Media released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/The-New-Normal-Parents-Teens-and-Devices-Around-the-World\">study\u003c/a> that found that 29 percent of teenagers reported sleeping with their cellphone in bed at night\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There is a Call for These Standards to be Modernized\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the FCC said they are going to buy phones off the shelf, and test them against samples from the manufacturers. The agency shares regulatory responsibility for this issue with the FDA. If the feds find that the phones are out of compliance, they have the power to recall them.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1946969/iphone-investigation-spurs-federal-testing-into-cellphone-radiation","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_3840","science_1050","science_778"],"featImg":"science_1946972","label":"source_science_1946969"},"science_1937767":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1937767","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1937767","score":null,"sort":[1549720892000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"chemical-found-ski-gloves-and-frying-pans-also-showing-up-in-us-waterways-epa-california-consider-regulation","title":"EPA Will Consider Limits on Toxic Chemicals in Ski Gloves and Frying Pans Showing Up in Waterways","publishDate":1549720892,"format":"image","headTitle":"EPA Will Consider Limits on Toxic Chemicals in Ski Gloves and Frying Pans Showing Up in Waterways | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: Feb. 14, 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency said Thursday it would \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-acting-administrator-announces-first-ever-comprehensive-nationwide-pfas-action-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">start working by the end of the year on a plan\u003c/a> to set drinking water limits on a class of highly toxic chemicals. Known as PFAS, poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, they are associated with a wide range of negative health effects, including cancer and birth defects. For years environmental groups have pushed the EPA to regulate the chemicals and were largely disappointed by today’s announcement, saying the EPA is moving too slowly. Congressional democrats and state officials also criticized the agency’s move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a non-action plan, designed to delay effective regulation of these dangerous chemicals in our drinking water,” said Wenonah Hauter, executive director of Food & Water Watch, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik Olson, senior director for Health and Food at the Natural Resources Defense Council likewise expressed frustration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Has the Trump administration so thoroughly purged EPA of scientists, and so completely stacked its management with industry lobbyists, that it can’t even decide whether to lift a finger to regulate widely-known toxic chemicals? While the agency fumbles with this ‘mis-management plan,’ millions of people will be exposed to highly toxic PFAS from drinking contaminated water. As a guardian of public health, Administrator Andrew Wheeler should revisit this embarrassing decision. With EPA asleep at the wheel, it’s up to states, citizens, and public-minded companies to take action.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians and environmentalists are ratcheting up the pressure on the Environmental Protection Agency to take the first step in regulating drinking water contaminated with a toxic, long-lasting family of chemicals called PFAS or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. The agency has not yet announced what steps it will take. A plan that was supposed to be released by late last year has been held up for months, with no official timeline of when the action plan will be announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The EPA is trying to walk away from its responsibilities,” Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsday.com/long-island/pfos-poas-schumer-1.26904883\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told Newsday\u003c/a>. “To take a carcinogenic chemical like PFOS and PFOA and say we are not going to pay attention to that when we have learned that it is in many more locations than you would think … makes no sense whatsoever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, California says it will soon announce its own plan to deal with PFAS in drinking water, a step environmental advocates have long pushed for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS chemicals are found in a diverse array of products: from non-stick pans and waterproof ski-gloves, to firefighting foams and food packaging. The chemicals have gone largely unregulated, at both the state and federal level, since they were first produced in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The corporate giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.3m.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3M\u003c/a> originally produced and sold two of the most well-known PFAS chemicals — PFOS and PFOA— both of which the EPA is considering regulating. In recent years 3M has been been hit with a slew of \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/10/06/dupont-pfas-chemicals-lawsuit/\">lawsuits\u003c/a> over PFAS contamination. That’s brought attention to the health impacts and environmental dangers linked to the chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though major companies, like 3M, have stopped producing PFOA and PFOS in the US, those are just two of thousands of chemicals in the PFAS class that have the same toxic properties, says Amy Kyle, a retired UC Berkeley Public Health researcher and professor. “They’re not even the tip of the tip of the tip of the iceberg for what’s out there,” says Kyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Much is Too Much?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The level at which PFAS chemicals become harmful to human health is still largely unknown. Regulatory agencies can’t seem to agree, either. The EPA\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/drinking-water-health-advisories-pfoa-and-pfos\"> lists\u003c/a> a drinking water health advisory level at 70 parts per trillion for PFOA and PFAS, while another federal agency\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp.asp?id=1117&tid=237\">reports\u003c/a> a safe limit for PFAS in drinking water at 11 ppt and 7 ppt, respectively. In a independent study, Harvard scientists report that \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1048291115590506\">1 ppt\u003c/a> is a low health risk level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With chemicals like this, there may not be a truly safe amount,” Kyle says. “They seem to react with various systems in the body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS contaminants have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/health-effects.html\">linked\u003c/a> to cancer, birth defects, developmental disorders, decreased immunity, increased cholesterol and infertility. The National Institute of Health found PFAS compounds in the blood of over 98 percent of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport_UpdatedTables_Volume1_Jan2019-508.pdf\">population\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear if replacement chemicals used in lieu of PFOS and PFOA are any less harmful, either. Many of these compounds are still within the PFAS family, which is thousands of members strong, and their health effects have been sparsely studied. And the list of products and waterways the toxic family is found in \u003ca href=\"https://cen.acs.org/environment/World-Chemical-Outlook-2019-Environmental-forecast/97/i2\">continues to grow.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chemicals That Keep Going, And Going\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flame-resistant, grease-repellent and waterproof properties of PFAS chemicals that make them attractive to manufacturers are also what make the chemicals so persistent in the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toxic specialist Anna Reade with\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/anna-reade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a> says those characteristics are due to PFAS chemicals’ structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The defining feature of PFAS chemicals are carbon fluorine bonds, which are incredibly strong, so they don’t degrade in our environment,” says Reade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These same properties are why companies continue to use PFAS chemicals to coat carpets and clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrelenting contaminants are also soluble, spreading easily into rivers, oceans and groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chemicals that are super persistent, are not usually this soluble,” says Jane Williams executive director of California Communities Against Toxics. “It’s a confluence of these two chemical characteristics that make this class of chemicals so dangerous for public health and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS contamination is especially persistent at airports and military bases, where fire fighting foams have been and continued to be used, frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the chemicals have been found at Treasure Island and Alameda Naval Bases. EPA also detected PFAS compounds in tap water in\u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/2017_pfa/\"> Pleasanton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Alameda Naval Base, the Environmental Working Group \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/2017_pfa/\">reports\u003c/a> PFAS chemicals present in water at 336,000 parts per trillion. That’s over 30,000 times greater than the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s safety threshold for PFAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937851\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1937851\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-1020x676.jpg\" alt=\"A lot with a row of white buildings.\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-768x509.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Persistent PFAS chemicals have been found at high concentrations at Alameda Naval Base. \u003ccite>(Flickr user \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/8838/4424451964/in/photolist-7JYtqy-9xgid4-6Vo4HE-aZRUrg-Th2xWo-D9Ypq2-CjSeXr-DhfR2T-oZVz-3yNb7Q-dn9eWq-3yNaqL-dn9d9j-sumz-nc2yAb-dn9efw-oZVC-bPJcji-bPDTUZ-c7aJjS-bAPxtN-bAPxjJ-bAPwKu-9g25Tm-bAKf6Q-9AXBH8-oZVB-9B1whh-9B1w1U-9B1uzd-6b3DqF-zzu8u-CHKQRr-CQ8QGu-DhfTHV-D9YrMM-D7FMFw-6b3AYe-CjK7v7-D7FMvG-CjShiZ-6b7Nsd-8MKFiY-6b7Ndw-8MKFCy-6b7MR9-6b3BBg-6b7NFC-6b7MAs-DeWvXj\">Abe Bingham\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Weighs Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the State Water Resources Control Board asks water providers to voluntarily measure their supply for the chemicals. The state board says they will come out with a plan on how they might regulate PFAS chemicals in the state in next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the current system, districts that choose to monitor PFAS chemicals must report to the city and their customers if the supply is contaminated at levels exceeding a “notification level” — which is 13 ppt for PFOS and 14 ppt for PFOA. If their water supply exceeds a higher “response level” the water must be cleaned up, or cut off, Darren Polhemus says, deputy director of the Division of Drinking Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if a drinking water standard is enacted by the federal EPA for PFOS and PFOA, environmentalists are concerned the standard still won’t protect human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our state is going to have to define its own destiny when it comes to these chemicals,” Williams says. “Clearly relying on the US EPA to protect Californians to exposure from chemicals, has not worked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/28/epa-toxic-chemicals-drinking-water-1124797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Politico has reported\u003c/a> the EPA is unlikely to enact the long-expected drinking water standards for PFAS (a report the agency has disputed). Meanwhile, Senator Chuck Schumer has \u003ca href=\"https://www.schumer.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/schumer-reveals-feds-on-verge-of-not-setting-drinking-water-standard-for-highly-toxic-pfoa/pfos-chemicals-that-have-plagued-li-schumer-makes-public-push-on-epa-to-reverse-course-and-issue-drinking-water-standard-to-protect-public-health-feds-must-be-held-to-account\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">publicly pressed\u003c/a> for standards to be enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since monitoring of PFAS hasn’t been required in California, the picture of how widespread the contamination is in the state is just emerging. Since so far California has only tested for 14 of the thousands of possible PFAS chemicals in water, it’s unclear how long it will take to characterize the extent of these new legacy pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Danielle Venton contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Environmental groups say they're disappointed by EPA's timeline for drinking-water limits on a widespread group of toxic chemicals known as PFAS.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848855,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1393},"headData":{"title":"EPA Will Consider Limits on Toxic Chemicals in Ski Gloves and Frying Pans Showing Up in Waterways | KQED","description":"Environmental groups say they're disappointed by EPA's timeline for drinking-water limits on a widespread group of toxic chemicals known as PFAS.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Environment","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2019/02/PFAS2way.mp3","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":126,"path":"/science/1937767/chemical-found-ski-gloves-and-frying-pans-also-showing-up-in-us-waterways-epa-california-consider-regulation","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: Feb. 14, 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency said Thursday it would \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-acting-administrator-announces-first-ever-comprehensive-nationwide-pfas-action-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">start working by the end of the year on a plan\u003c/a> to set drinking water limits on a class of highly toxic chemicals. Known as PFAS, poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, they are associated with a wide range of negative health effects, including cancer and birth defects. For years environmental groups have pushed the EPA to regulate the chemicals and were largely disappointed by today’s announcement, saying the EPA is moving too slowly. Congressional democrats and state officials also criticized the agency’s move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a non-action plan, designed to delay effective regulation of these dangerous chemicals in our drinking water,” said Wenonah Hauter, executive director of Food & Water Watch, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik Olson, senior director for Health and Food at the Natural Resources Defense Council likewise expressed frustration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Has the Trump administration so thoroughly purged EPA of scientists, and so completely stacked its management with industry lobbyists, that it can’t even decide whether to lift a finger to regulate widely-known toxic chemicals? While the agency fumbles with this ‘mis-management plan,’ millions of people will be exposed to highly toxic PFAS from drinking contaminated water. As a guardian of public health, Administrator Andrew Wheeler should revisit this embarrassing decision. With EPA asleep at the wheel, it’s up to states, citizens, and public-minded companies to take action.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians and environmentalists are ratcheting up the pressure on the Environmental Protection Agency to take the first step in regulating drinking water contaminated with a toxic, long-lasting family of chemicals called PFAS or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. The agency has not yet announced what steps it will take. A plan that was supposed to be released by late last year has been held up for months, with no official timeline of when the action plan will be announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The EPA is trying to walk away from its responsibilities,” Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsday.com/long-island/pfos-poas-schumer-1.26904883\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told Newsday\u003c/a>. “To take a carcinogenic chemical like PFOS and PFOA and say we are not going to pay attention to that when we have learned that it is in many more locations than you would think … makes no sense whatsoever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, California says it will soon announce its own plan to deal with PFAS in drinking water, a step environmental advocates have long pushed for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS chemicals are found in a diverse array of products: from non-stick pans and waterproof ski-gloves, to firefighting foams and food packaging. The chemicals have gone largely unregulated, at both the state and federal level, since they were first produced in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The corporate giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.3m.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3M\u003c/a> originally produced and sold two of the most well-known PFAS chemicals — PFOS and PFOA— both of which the EPA is considering regulating. In recent years 3M has been been hit with a slew of \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/10/06/dupont-pfas-chemicals-lawsuit/\">lawsuits\u003c/a> over PFAS contamination. That’s brought attention to the health impacts and environmental dangers linked to the chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though major companies, like 3M, have stopped producing PFOA and PFOS in the US, those are just two of thousands of chemicals in the PFAS class that have the same toxic properties, says Amy Kyle, a retired UC Berkeley Public Health researcher and professor. “They’re not even the tip of the tip of the tip of the iceberg for what’s out there,” says Kyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Much is Too Much?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The level at which PFAS chemicals become harmful to human health is still largely unknown. Regulatory agencies can’t seem to agree, either. The EPA\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/drinking-water-health-advisories-pfoa-and-pfos\"> lists\u003c/a> a drinking water health advisory level at 70 parts per trillion for PFOA and PFAS, while another federal agency\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp.asp?id=1117&tid=237\">reports\u003c/a> a safe limit for PFAS in drinking water at 11 ppt and 7 ppt, respectively. In a independent study, Harvard scientists report that \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1048291115590506\">1 ppt\u003c/a> is a low health risk level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With chemicals like this, there may not be a truly safe amount,” Kyle says. “They seem to react with various systems in the body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS contaminants have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/health-effects.html\">linked\u003c/a> to cancer, birth defects, developmental disorders, decreased immunity, increased cholesterol and infertility. The National Institute of Health found PFAS compounds in the blood of over 98 percent of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport_UpdatedTables_Volume1_Jan2019-508.pdf\">population\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear if replacement chemicals used in lieu of PFOS and PFOA are any less harmful, either. Many of these compounds are still within the PFAS family, which is thousands of members strong, and their health effects have been sparsely studied. And the list of products and waterways the toxic family is found in \u003ca href=\"https://cen.acs.org/environment/World-Chemical-Outlook-2019-Environmental-forecast/97/i2\">continues to grow.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chemicals That Keep Going, And Going\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flame-resistant, grease-repellent and waterproof properties of PFAS chemicals that make them attractive to manufacturers are also what make the chemicals so persistent in the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toxic specialist Anna Reade with\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/anna-reade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a> says those characteristics are due to PFAS chemicals’ structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The defining feature of PFAS chemicals are carbon fluorine bonds, which are incredibly strong, so they don’t degrade in our environment,” says Reade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These same properties are why companies continue to use PFAS chemicals to coat carpets and clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrelenting contaminants are also soluble, spreading easily into rivers, oceans and groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chemicals that are super persistent, are not usually this soluble,” says Jane Williams executive director of California Communities Against Toxics. “It’s a confluence of these two chemical characteristics that make this class of chemicals so dangerous for public health and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS contamination is especially persistent at airports and military bases, where fire fighting foams have been and continued to be used, frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the chemicals have been found at Treasure Island and Alameda Naval Bases. EPA also detected PFAS compounds in tap water in\u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/2017_pfa/\"> Pleasanton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Alameda Naval Base, the Environmental Working Group \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/2017_pfa/\">reports\u003c/a> PFAS chemicals present in water at 336,000 parts per trillion. That’s over 30,000 times greater than the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s safety threshold for PFAS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1937851\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1937851\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-1020x676.jpg\" alt=\"A lot with a row of white buildings.\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b-768x509.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/02/4424451964_c612f5e3ce_b.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Persistent PFAS chemicals have been found at high concentrations at Alameda Naval Base. \u003ccite>(Flickr user \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/8838/4424451964/in/photolist-7JYtqy-9xgid4-6Vo4HE-aZRUrg-Th2xWo-D9Ypq2-CjSeXr-DhfR2T-oZVz-3yNb7Q-dn9eWq-3yNaqL-dn9d9j-sumz-nc2yAb-dn9efw-oZVC-bPJcji-bPDTUZ-c7aJjS-bAPxtN-bAPxjJ-bAPwKu-9g25Tm-bAKf6Q-9AXBH8-oZVB-9B1whh-9B1w1U-9B1uzd-6b3DqF-zzu8u-CHKQRr-CQ8QGu-DhfTHV-D9YrMM-D7FMFw-6b3AYe-CjK7v7-D7FMvG-CjShiZ-6b7Nsd-8MKFiY-6b7Ndw-8MKFCy-6b7MR9-6b3BBg-6b7NFC-6b7MAs-DeWvXj\">Abe Bingham\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Weighs Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the State Water Resources Control Board asks water providers to voluntarily measure their supply for the chemicals. The state board says they will come out with a plan on how they might regulate PFAS chemicals in the state in next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the current system, districts that choose to monitor PFAS chemicals must report to the city and their customers if the supply is contaminated at levels exceeding a “notification level” — which is 13 ppt for PFOS and 14 ppt for PFOA. If their water supply exceeds a higher “response level” the water must be cleaned up, or cut off, Darren Polhemus says, deputy director of the Division of Drinking Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if a drinking water standard is enacted by the federal EPA for PFOS and PFOA, environmentalists are concerned the standard still won’t protect human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our state is going to have to define its own destiny when it comes to these chemicals,” Williams says. “Clearly relying on the US EPA to protect Californians to exposure from chemicals, has not worked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/28/epa-toxic-chemicals-drinking-water-1124797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Politico has reported\u003c/a> the EPA is unlikely to enact the long-expected drinking water standards for PFAS (a report the agency has disputed). Meanwhile, Senator Chuck Schumer has \u003ca href=\"https://www.schumer.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/schumer-reveals-feds-on-verge-of-not-setting-drinking-water-standard-for-highly-toxic-pfoa/pfos-chemicals-that-have-plagued-li-schumer-makes-public-push-on-epa-to-reverse-course-and-issue-drinking-water-standard-to-protect-public-health-feds-must-be-held-to-account\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">publicly pressed\u003c/a> for standards to be enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since monitoring of PFAS hasn’t been required in California, the picture of how widespread the contamination is in the state is just emerging. Since so far California has only tested for 14 of the thousands of possible PFAS chemicals in water, it’s unclear how long it will take to characterize the extent of these new legacy pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Danielle Venton contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1937767/chemical-found-ski-gloves-and-frying-pans-also-showing-up-in-us-waterways-epa-california-consider-regulation","authors":["11578"],"categories":["science_29","science_40"],"tags":["science_798","science_3840","science_2080","science_3370","science_3834","science_778"],"featImg":"science_1937810","label":"source_science_1937767"},"science_1932350":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1932350","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1932350","score":null,"sort":[1538766042000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-law-barring-groundwater-recharge-clashes-with-sustainability-goals","title":"California Law Barring Groundwater Recharge Clashes With Sustainability Goals","publishDate":1538766042,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Law Barring Groundwater Recharge Clashes With Sustainability Goals | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">Groundwater depletion is \u003c/span>a big problem in parts of California. But it is not the only groundwater problem. The state also has many areas of polluted groundwater, and some places where groundwater overdraft has caused the land to subside, damaging roads, canals and other infrastructure. Near the coast, heavy groundwater pumping has caused contamination by pulling seawater underground from the ocean.[contextly_sidebar id=”VrgFvC2TjJoUazM0GcgGH0zlTfCLh7x1″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you wanted to obtain a permit from the state to manage these problems by recharging groundwater, you could be out of luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater recharge is not considered a “beneficial use” under California water law if all you want to do is manage pollution in an aquifer or control subsidence. To obtain a water right, you must have a plan to apply that water for an accepted beneficial purpose, such as growing crops or delivering drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This could become a problem as dozens of local agencies move to comply with the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Groundwater-Management/SGMA-Groundwater-Management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a> (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span>), a state law adopted in 2014. The sustainability goals under this law include treating pollution, managing seawater intrusion and controlling land subsidence. And yet the state does not allow surface water – diverted from a river or stream – to be used for these groundwater recharge purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want a broader suite of things from our water than we used to,” said Holly Doremus, a professor of water law at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Berkeley. “The new thing encouraged by \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> is the idea that you might want to put water in the ground not for the purpose of taking water out later, but for the purpose of making the aquifer healthier. We think that would often qualify as a beneficial use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doremus is coauthor of a \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/clee/research/wheeler/gw-recharge-beneficial-use/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new report\u003c/a> by a team of \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> experts that examines this conundrum. They conclude that the State Water Resources Control Board needs to expand its definition of beneficial use to accommodate these other groundwater benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key issue is the difference between groundwater “recharge” and “storage.” The latter implies that the water will be pumped out later and reused – to grow food or refine into drinking water. Therefore, the path to obtaining a state permit to divert service water into an aquifer is clear for storage purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recharge, however, is a different matter. It implies the water will be diverted and pumped into the aquifer – and then left there, possibly forever. There can certainly be a benefit to this, such as diluting nitrate pollution caused by decades of fertilizer use on farms above ground. It’s just not recognized in the law.[contextly_sidebar id=”NZN72DLCwN3CNWqGqEv1AqJEGe5ULSZH”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clarifying that those \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> purposes are ‘beneficial’ could be something we need to do,” said Jennifer Clary, California water programs manager at Clean Water Action, a nonprofit group. “Avoiding undesirable results on water quality is one of the requirements of \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA.\u003c/span> So I think saying yes on recharge water for this purpose is perfectly acceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearing up confusion around the issue is important, because groundwater agencies overseeing severely overdrafted basins face a 2020 deadline to submit management plans. Many of those plans will need to identify recharge projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, uncertainty may discourage some organizations from seeking a water right for recharge projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_135888\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_135888\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 686px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-135888 size-full\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20181004051702/morris-in-alfalfa-field_hero.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"686\" height=\"510\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Morris, manager of Bryan-Morris Ranch in Siskiyou County, Calif., stands in an alfalfa field along the Scott River that was intentionally flooded to recharge groundwater. California law currently does not allow a surface water right to be used to recharge groundwater unless that water is put to a “beneficial use” within five years. Photo by Steve Orloff, University of California\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“This is a gray area,” said Andrew Fisher, a professor of hydrogeology at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span>Santa Cruz. “I have found that landowners, tenants, agency staff and others are reluctant to pursue recharge projects that require permits for surface water use, if that use requires making a case independent from extractive use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is even an open question as to whether achieving “sustainability” in an aquifer – as required under \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> – would be considered a beneficial use. Restoring groundwater to some sustainable elevation in an aquifer would require the use of surface water for recharge. Presumably, once the sustainable elevation is reached, that water would stay in the aquifer forever and would not be applied to grow crops or sent to a treatment plant. Thus, it might not satisfy today’s narrow definition of the beneficial use requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be complicated to figure out what exactly have you put in and what exactly can you get out,” Doremus said. “The water board kind of needs to work some of this out and be a little bit clearer.”[contextly_sidebar id=”1CQzVJGlEalx9jlMZGI3KS2vWYrWgWtq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said a change in law is not required to create a broader definition of beneficial uses related to groundwater. The state water board can change the definition on its own at any time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board hasn’t done that yet. A page on \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/applications/groundwater_recharge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its website states\u003c/a> that preventing seawater intrusion may qualify as a beneficial use, but that’s as far as it goes. Application materials for non-storage water rights make no reference to groundwater uses that might be considered beneficial, and make no reference to \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clary said many local agencies grappling with \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> are afraid to deal with a water rights application because of the complexity involved – if they’re thinking about it at all. Taking uncertainty out of the process with a broader definition of beneficial use would be a good place to start, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of folks haven’t figured out how complicated \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> really is when it comes to water rights and allocations,” she said. “I think that’s really problematic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the state water board could not be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislature considered a bill earlier this year that would have defined groundwater recharge as a beneficial use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2649\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"caps\">A.B.\u003c/span> 2649\u003c/a> by Assemblymember Joaquin Arambula (D-Fresno), also would have eliminated – for the purposes of groundwater recharge – a long-standing requirement that water rights be put to a beneficial use within a five-year period or be forfeited. This would have opened the door to more non-extractive groundwater recharge projects – such as subsidence reversal – in which the water might never be pumped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was approved in the Assembly, but stalled before a companion bill emerged in the Senate.[contextly_sidebar id=”jK2TKQQZURyXjGxpQhCEYJ9u8JarzW7l”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doremus said the bill might have gone too far by making a blanket statement that all groundwater recharge is beneficial. That isn’t always the case: Not all water pumped underground stays there, she said, nor does it necessarily go where you want it to go. It could meander to an adjoining aquifer where the benefits – diluting water pollution, for example – might disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A formal water-right application process should still be required, she said, in which the applicant must specify the beneficial use that is intended and provide evidence of real benefits to the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clary agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“If you create a beneficial use for recharge in and of itself, then you’re competing with other things you might think are important, like drinking water or fish in the stream,” she said. “When you recharge groundwater, you need to recharge it for a reason.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/10/04/is-groundwater-recharge-a-beneficial-use-california-law-says-no\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"State law does not currently allow surface water to be used for groundwater recharge in some cases. That could be a problem as local agencies begin trying to make groundwater use more sustainable.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927420,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1335},"headData":{"title":"California Law Barring Groundwater Recharge Clashes With Sustainability Goals | KQED","description":"State law does not currently allow surface water to be used for groundwater recharge in some cases. That could be a problem as local agencies begin trying to make groundwater use more sustainable.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Matt Weiser\u003cbr />Water Deeply","path":"/science/1932350/california-law-barring-groundwater-recharge-clashes-with-sustainability-goals","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">Groundwater depletion is \u003c/span>a big problem in parts of California. But it is not the only groundwater problem. The state also has many areas of polluted groundwater, and some places where groundwater overdraft has caused the land to subside, damaging roads, canals and other infrastructure. Near the coast, heavy groundwater pumping has caused contamination by pulling seawater underground from the ocean.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you wanted to obtain a permit from the state to manage these problems by recharging groundwater, you could be out of luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater recharge is not considered a “beneficial use” under California water law if all you want to do is manage pollution in an aquifer or control subsidence. To obtain a water right, you must have a plan to apply that water for an accepted beneficial purpose, such as growing crops or delivering drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This could become a problem as dozens of local agencies move to comply with the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Groundwater-Management/SGMA-Groundwater-Management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a> (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span>), a state law adopted in 2014. The sustainability goals under this law include treating pollution, managing seawater intrusion and controlling land subsidence. And yet the state does not allow surface water – diverted from a river or stream – to be used for these groundwater recharge purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want a broader suite of things from our water than we used to,” said Holly Doremus, a professor of water law at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Berkeley. “The new thing encouraged by \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> is the idea that you might want to put water in the ground not for the purpose of taking water out later, but for the purpose of making the aquifer healthier. We think that would often qualify as a beneficial use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doremus is coauthor of a \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/clee/research/wheeler/gw-recharge-beneficial-use/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new report\u003c/a> by a team of \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> experts that examines this conundrum. They conclude that the State Water Resources Control Board needs to expand its definition of beneficial use to accommodate these other groundwater benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key issue is the difference between groundwater “recharge” and “storage.” The latter implies that the water will be pumped out later and reused – to grow food or refine into drinking water. Therefore, the path to obtaining a state permit to divert service water into an aquifer is clear for storage purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recharge, however, is a different matter. It implies the water will be diverted and pumped into the aquifer – and then left there, possibly forever. There can certainly be a benefit to this, such as diluting nitrate pollution caused by decades of fertilizer use on farms above ground. It’s just not recognized in the law.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clarifying that those \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> purposes are ‘beneficial’ could be something we need to do,” said Jennifer Clary, California water programs manager at Clean Water Action, a nonprofit group. “Avoiding undesirable results on water quality is one of the requirements of \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA.\u003c/span> So I think saying yes on recharge water for this purpose is perfectly acceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearing up confusion around the issue is important, because groundwater agencies overseeing severely overdrafted basins face a 2020 deadline to submit management plans. Many of those plans will need to identify recharge projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, uncertainty may discourage some organizations from seeking a water right for recharge projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_135888\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_135888\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 686px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-135888 size-full\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20181004051702/morris-in-alfalfa-field_hero.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"686\" height=\"510\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Morris, manager of Bryan-Morris Ranch in Siskiyou County, Calif., stands in an alfalfa field along the Scott River that was intentionally flooded to recharge groundwater. California law currently does not allow a surface water right to be used to recharge groundwater unless that water is put to a “beneficial use” within five years. Photo by Steve Orloff, University of California\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“This is a gray area,” said Andrew Fisher, a professor of hydrogeology at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span>Santa Cruz. “I have found that landowners, tenants, agency staff and others are reluctant to pursue recharge projects that require permits for surface water use, if that use requires making a case independent from extractive use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is even an open question as to whether achieving “sustainability” in an aquifer – as required under \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> – would be considered a beneficial use. Restoring groundwater to some sustainable elevation in an aquifer would require the use of surface water for recharge. Presumably, once the sustainable elevation is reached, that water would stay in the aquifer forever and would not be applied to grow crops or sent to a treatment plant. Thus, it might not satisfy today’s narrow definition of the beneficial use requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be complicated to figure out what exactly have you put in and what exactly can you get out,” Doremus said. “The water board kind of needs to work some of this out and be a little bit clearer.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said a change in law is not required to create a broader definition of beneficial uses related to groundwater. The state water board can change the definition on its own at any time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board hasn’t done that yet. A page on \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/applications/groundwater_recharge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its website states\u003c/a> that preventing seawater intrusion may qualify as a beneficial use, but that’s as far as it goes. Application materials for non-storage water rights make no reference to groundwater uses that might be considered beneficial, and make no reference to \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clary said many local agencies grappling with \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> are afraid to deal with a water rights application because of the complexity involved – if they’re thinking about it at all. Taking uncertainty out of the process with a broader definition of beneficial use would be a good place to start, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of folks haven’t figured out how complicated \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SGMA\u003c/span> really is when it comes to water rights and allocations,” she said. “I think that’s really problematic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the state water board could not be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislature considered a bill earlier this year that would have defined groundwater recharge as a beneficial use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2649\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"caps\">A.B.\u003c/span> 2649\u003c/a> by Assemblymember Joaquin Arambula (D-Fresno), also would have eliminated – for the purposes of groundwater recharge – a long-standing requirement that water rights be put to a beneficial use within a five-year period or be forfeited. This would have opened the door to more non-extractive groundwater recharge projects – such as subsidence reversal – in which the water might never be pumped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was approved in the Assembly, but stalled before a companion bill emerged in the Senate.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doremus said the bill might have gone too far by making a blanket statement that all groundwater recharge is beneficial. That isn’t always the case: Not all water pumped underground stays there, she said, nor does it necessarily go where you want it to go. It could meander to an adjoining aquifer where the benefits – diluting water pollution, for example – might disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A formal water-right application process should still be required, she said, in which the applicant must specify the beneficial use that is intended and provide evidence of real benefits to the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clary agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“If you create a beneficial use for recharge in and of itself, then you’re competing with other things you might think are important, like drinking water or fish in the stream,” she said. “When you recharge groundwater, you need to recharge it for a reason.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/10/04/is-groundwater-recharge-a-beneficial-use-california-law-says-no\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1932350/california-law-barring-groundwater-recharge-clashes-with-sustainability-goals","authors":["byline_science_1932350"],"categories":["science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_490","science_778","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1932357","label":"source_science_1932350"},"science_1918751":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1918751","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1918751","score":null,"sort":[1515622239000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"after-florida-gets-offshore-drilling-exemption-other-states-ask-for-the-same","title":"After Florida Gets Offshore Drilling Exemption, Other States Ask For The Same","publishDate":1515622239,"format":"standard","headTitle":"After Florida Gets Offshore Drilling Exemption, Other States Ask For The Same | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>After the Trump administration promised Florida that the state would be exempt from expanded offshore oil drilling, other coastal states had just one question: “What about us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘New York doesn’t want drilling off our coast either. Where do we sign up for a waiver?’\u003ccite>New York Governor Andrew Cuomo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>From Oregon to South Carolina, governors and other leaders are publicly noting that Florida does not have a monopoly on picturesque coasts, tourist economies or local opposition to offshore drilling. But currently, it’s the only state to have received a pledge from the administration that it won’t be considered for new oil and gas platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”FT5gYVvbtUMcmhZi3Fw7GNJLD20ui828″]”New York doesn’t want drilling off our coast either,” tweeted New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo. “Where do we sign up for a waiver?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the news broke about Republican-governed Florida, Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepAdamSchiff/status/950933669660844032\">asked\u003c/a> whether there are different rules for blue states like California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster, a Republican, \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article193927974.html\">told reporters in South Carolina\u003c/a> he plans to ask the Trump administration for an exemption, calling it “a matter of serious importance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke announced the proposed plan to sell offshore drilling licenses in waters that were protected under the Obama administration. The proposal would take effect in 2019, as NPR’s Merrit Kennedy \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">reported\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The plan would determine the size, timing and location of leasing activities and would replace President Barack Obama’s 2017-2022 program. It includes all but one of 26 “planning areas” in federal waters off U.S. coastlines, making up about 90 percent of the outer continental shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s in comparison with the 94 percent that is now off limits, according to the administration. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The proposed change is welcomed by the oil and gas industry. In a statement, the National Ocean Industries Association praised Zinke ‘for offering the broadest possible acreage for potential inclusion in our nation’s next offshore leasing program.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Meanwhile, environmental organizations are alarmed and stress that it could place wildlife and coastal communities at risk of a spill.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But one week later came the carve-out for Florida. In a statement released Tuesday, Zinke praised Florida Gov. Rick Scott as “a straightforward leader that can be trusted,” and made a pledge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“President Trump has directed me to rebuild our offshore oil and gas program in a manner that supports our national energy policy and also takes into consideration the local and state voice. I support the governor’s position that Florida is unique and its coasts are heavily reliant on tourism as an economic driver. As a result of discussion with Governor [Scott] and his leadership, I am removing Florida from consideration for any new oil and gas platforms.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Richard Gonzales reported, “Zinke did not say whether he would meet with governors of other coastal states to hear their concerns or whether Interior officials had consulted with Scott before the announcement last week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeking a similar exemption for California, the state’s attorney general, Xavier Becerra, used some of Zinke’s own words to tweet, “California is also ‘unique’ & our ‘coasts are heavily reliant on tourism as an economic driver.’ Our ‘local and state voice’ is firmly opposed to any and all offshore drilling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra added, “we, too, should be removed from your list. Immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California experienced one of the worst oil spills in U.S. history in 1969, from an offshore drilling site near Santa Barbara, as member station KPCC \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/01/04/79541/trump-moves-to-vastly-expand-california-offshore-d/\">notes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No federal leases have been granted off the California coast since 1984,” KPCC writes, and new state leases have been banned for decades. Drilling has continued on older, pre-existing leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, 69 percent of Californians oppose offshore drilling,” KPCC reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the West Coast, the governors of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/OregonGovBrown/status/950901385205182464\">Oregon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GovInslee/status/951136584178417664\">Washington\u003c/a> signaled that they’d like to be “off the table,” too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virginia Sen. Tim Kaine \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/timkaine/status/950882538318450688\">says\u003c/a> Virginia’s governor and governor-elect have both asked for an exemption, unsuccessfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, as \u003cem>Governing \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/topics/transportation-infrastructure/gov-trump-florida-offshore-drilling-states.html\">notes\u003c/a>, it’s a little surprising that the Trump administration opted to make an exception for Florida — not just because of the backlash from other states but because of the potential profit in the eastern Gulf, right off Florida’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-10/trump-yanks-florida-from-offshore-drilling-plan-after-objections\">Bloomberg explains\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The eastern Gulf of Mexico was believed to be the most tempting new prospect for oil companies in the expansive Trump administration draft, because it is close to existing pipelines and processing facilities — not to mention the refineries in Texas and Louisiana. … And the same geological trends that have yielded major oil discoveries in other parts of the Gulf could be replicated in its easternmost reaches.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read more about the federal policy on offshore drilling in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">Merrit’s story\u003c/a> from last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Florida+Gets+Offshore+Drilling+Exemption%2C+Other+States+Ask+For+The+Same&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Trump administration has proposed radically expanding offshore oil drilling, but Florida's waters are \"off the table.\" Leaders in California, New York, South Carolina and elsewhere noticed.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928239,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":875},"headData":{"title":"After Florida Gets Offshore Drilling Exemption, Other States Ask For The Same | KQED","description":"The Trump administration has proposed radically expanding offshore oil drilling, but Florida's waters are "off the table." Leaders in California, New York, South Carolina and elsewhere noticed.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"David McNew","nprByline":"Camila Domonoske\u003c/br>NPR","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"577064733","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=577064733&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/10/577064733/after-florida-gets-offshore-drilling-exemption-other-states-ask-for-the-same?ft=nprml&f=577064733","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:34:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:01:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 10 Jan 2018 15:42:34 -0500","path":"/science/1918751/after-florida-gets-offshore-drilling-exemption-other-states-ask-for-the-same","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After the Trump administration promised Florida that the state would be exempt from expanded offshore oil drilling, other coastal states had just one question: “What about us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘New York doesn’t want drilling off our coast either. Where do we sign up for a waiver?’\u003ccite>New York Governor Andrew Cuomo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>From Oregon to South Carolina, governors and other leaders are publicly noting that Florida does not have a monopoly on picturesque coasts, tourist economies or local opposition to offshore drilling. But currently, it’s the only state to have received a pledge from the administration that it won’t be considered for new oil and gas platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”New York doesn’t want drilling off our coast either,” tweeted New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo. “Where do we sign up for a waiver?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the news broke about Republican-governed Florida, Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepAdamSchiff/status/950933669660844032\">asked\u003c/a> whether there are different rules for blue states like California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster, a Republican, \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article193927974.html\">told reporters in South Carolina\u003c/a> he plans to ask the Trump administration for an exemption, calling it “a matter of serious importance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke announced the proposed plan to sell offshore drilling licenses in waters that were protected under the Obama administration. The proposal would take effect in 2019, as NPR’s Merrit Kennedy \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">reported\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The plan would determine the size, timing and location of leasing activities and would replace President Barack Obama’s 2017-2022 program. It includes all but one of 26 “planning areas” in federal waters off U.S. coastlines, making up about 90 percent of the outer continental shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s in comparison with the 94 percent that is now off limits, according to the administration. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The proposed change is welcomed by the oil and gas industry. In a statement, the National Ocean Industries Association praised Zinke ‘for offering the broadest possible acreage for potential inclusion in our nation’s next offshore leasing program.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Meanwhile, environmental organizations are alarmed and stress that it could place wildlife and coastal communities at risk of a spill.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But one week later came the carve-out for Florida. In a statement released Tuesday, Zinke praised Florida Gov. Rick Scott as “a straightforward leader that can be trusted,” and made a pledge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“President Trump has directed me to rebuild our offshore oil and gas program in a manner that supports our national energy policy and also takes into consideration the local and state voice. I support the governor’s position that Florida is unique and its coasts are heavily reliant on tourism as an economic driver. As a result of discussion with Governor [Scott] and his leadership, I am removing Florida from consideration for any new oil and gas platforms.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Richard Gonzales reported, “Zinke did not say whether he would meet with governors of other coastal states to hear their concerns or whether Interior officials had consulted with Scott before the announcement last week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeking a similar exemption for California, the state’s attorney general, Xavier Becerra, used some of Zinke’s own words to tweet, “California is also ‘unique’ & our ‘coasts are heavily reliant on tourism as an economic driver.’ Our ‘local and state voice’ is firmly opposed to any and all offshore drilling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra added, “we, too, should be removed from your list. Immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California experienced one of the worst oil spills in U.S. history in 1969, from an offshore drilling site near Santa Barbara, as member station KPCC \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/01/04/79541/trump-moves-to-vastly-expand-california-offshore-d/\">notes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No federal leases have been granted off the California coast since 1984,” KPCC writes, and new state leases have been banned for decades. Drilling has continued on older, pre-existing leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, 69 percent of Californians oppose offshore drilling,” KPCC reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the West Coast, the governors of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/OregonGovBrown/status/950901385205182464\">Oregon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GovInslee/status/951136584178417664\">Washington\u003c/a> signaled that they’d like to be “off the table,” too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virginia Sen. Tim Kaine \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/timkaine/status/950882538318450688\">says\u003c/a> Virginia’s governor and governor-elect have both asked for an exemption, unsuccessfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, as \u003cem>Governing \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/topics/transportation-infrastructure/gov-trump-florida-offshore-drilling-states.html\">notes\u003c/a>, it’s a little surprising that the Trump administration opted to make an exception for Florida — not just because of the backlash from other states but because of the potential profit in the eastern Gulf, right off Florida’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-10/trump-yanks-florida-from-offshore-drilling-plan-after-objections\">Bloomberg explains\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The eastern Gulf of Mexico was believed to be the most tempting new prospect for oil companies in the expansive Trump administration draft, because it is close to existing pipelines and processing facilities — not to mention the refineries in Texas and Louisiana. … And the same geological trends that have yielded major oil discoveries in other parts of the Gulf could be replicated in its easternmost reaches.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read more about the federal policy on offshore drilling in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">Merrit’s story\u003c/a> from last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Florida+Gets+Offshore+Drilling+Exemption%2C+Other+States+Ask+For+The+Same&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1918751/after-florida-gets-offshore-drilling-exemption-other-states-ask-for-the-same","authors":["byline_science_1918751"],"categories":["science_33","science_40","science_2873"],"tags":["science_3221","science_3370","science_778"],"featImg":"science_1918754","label":"science"},"science_19297":{"type":"posts","id":"science_19297","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"19297","score":null,"sort":[1405125049000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-new-fracking-regulations-delayed-half-a-year","title":"California's New Fracking Regulations Delayed Half a Year","publishDate":1405125049,"format":"aside","headTitle":"California’s New Fracking Regulations Delayed Half a Year | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1022,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19306\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/DSC01202-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-19306\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/DSC01202-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"An oil well next to orchards in Shafter, California, where oil companies have been fracking. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An oil well next to orchards in Shafter, California. Oil companies have been fracking in this area. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s new regulations for hydraulic fracturing will be delayed by six months, after state legislators approved \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB861\">a bill\u003c/a> in late June authorizing the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"blogs.kqed.org/science/2013/11/15/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do/\">wide-reaching regulations\u003c/a> were scheduled to take effect on January 1, 2015. Now, the regulations will begin on July 1, 2015, though the Department of Conservation must still finalize them by the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators say the change will help align the efforts of two agencies that are writing the new fracking regulations. The deadlines for the agencies were spelled out in \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/sen/sb_0001-0050/sb_4_bill_20130920_chaptered.pdf\">SB 4\u003c/a>, a bill the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/11/110875/fracking-bill-caifornia-senate-vote\">State Legislature passed\u003c/a> in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to getting a permit for fracking from the Department of Conservation, oil operators will be required to write a groundwater monitoring plan that specifies how they’ll test water quality if they drill in an area with usable groundwater. The requirement was prompted by concerns that fracking could contaminate groundwater supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groundwater monitoring plans must be approved by water regulators with the State Water Quality Control Board. That agency is currently developing the criteria to judge the plans with, but it has until July 1, 2015 to create them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, it’s a logical matching up of a couple deadlines,” says Jason Marshall of the Department of Conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this hadn’t been pushed back, my department would have been getting applications for well stimulation,” he says. “And the operator would have gone to water board to get the plan approved and the water board would have said ‘You need to wait six months, because we don’t have criteria developed yet.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”5697ba67ae0e6ed4824285bcba7ff081″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under temporary fracking regulations now in place, oil operators must submit groundwater monitoring plans, but currently they’re approved by oil and gas regulators under a set of more minimal requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is groundwater monitoring going on right now, but is it to the full degree that it will be in July (2015)? Probably not,” Marshall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups have mixed feelings about the timeline change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was 50 years of non-regulation, and it’s an extra six months,” says Bill Allayaud of the Environmental Working Group. “It’s not the most desirable thing, but we are getting relatively good public disclosure about fracking for the first time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollin Kretzmann, an attorney with the Center for Biological Diversity, says no regulation can ensure fracking is safe and he’d prefer to see it halted altogether in California. Nonetheless, he says the final regulations do include important rules that will now, unfortunately, also be delayed. Those include a requirement that oil operators monitor seismic activity during fracking and must stop operations if there’s an earthquake registering 2.0 or greater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kretzmann says it’s unusual for temporary regulations to be in place for so long. “It’s confounding that their so-called emergency regulations will now be in effect for 18 months,” he says. “Under California law, the limit for emergency regulations is 12 months, so they had to make a statutory exemption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Getting Rid of the “Magic Wand”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill that approved the delay—what lawmakers call a trailer bill—made another change that some environmentalists are cheering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under SB 4, the fracking regulation bill, oil and gas regulators had so-called “magic wand” power to decide on the level of environmental review a fracking operation must undergo. Several environmental groups pulled their support for the bill when that provision was added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (oil and gas) supervisor would have been able to waive environmental review based on prior environmental reviews,” Allayaud says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California oil and gas regulators are currently reviewing the potential impacts of fracking statewide in an environmental impact report. Environmental groups expressed concerned that regulators would cite this broad statewide review as an adequate basis for granting fracking permits, as opposed to requiring a more site-specific review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, under the new provision approved in late June, the level of environmental review will be decided on a case-by-case basis as permit requests come in, says the Department of Conservation’s Jason Marshall. “It’s going to depend on where in the state you’re talking about,” he says. “We have wildly differing amounts of information about the impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other agencies will also be able to weigh in on environmental impacts, under the new language. “The change makes clear that there is still opportunity for other agencies or local governments to conduct their own environmental review or impose mitigation measures,” says Kretzmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say they’ll be watching closely. “There are still going to be some questions down the road,” Allayaud says.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"State lawmakers approved the delay in late June, and at the same time tightened up the environmental review process for fracking permits.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933291,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":841},"headData":{"title":"California's New Fracking Regulations Delayed Half a Year | KQED","description":"State lawmakers approved the delay in late June, and at the same time tightened up the environmental review process for fracking permits.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/19297/californias-new-fracking-regulations-delayed-half-a-year","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19306\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/DSC01202-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-19306\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/DSC01202-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"An oil well next to orchards in Shafter, California, where oil companies have been fracking. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An oil well next to orchards in Shafter, California. Oil companies have been fracking in this area. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s new regulations for hydraulic fracturing will be delayed by six months, after state legislators approved \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB861\">a bill\u003c/a> in late June authorizing the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"blogs.kqed.org/science/2013/11/15/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do/\">wide-reaching regulations\u003c/a> were scheduled to take effect on January 1, 2015. Now, the regulations will begin on July 1, 2015, though the Department of Conservation must still finalize them by the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators say the change will help align the efforts of two agencies that are writing the new fracking regulations. The deadlines for the agencies were spelled out in \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/sen/sb_0001-0050/sb_4_bill_20130920_chaptered.pdf\">SB 4\u003c/a>, a bill the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/11/110875/fracking-bill-caifornia-senate-vote\">State Legislature passed\u003c/a> in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to getting a permit for fracking from the Department of Conservation, oil operators will be required to write a groundwater monitoring plan that specifies how they’ll test water quality if they drill in an area with usable groundwater. The requirement was prompted by concerns that fracking could contaminate groundwater supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groundwater monitoring plans must be approved by water regulators with the State Water Quality Control Board. That agency is currently developing the criteria to judge the plans with, but it has until July 1, 2015 to create them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, it’s a logical matching up of a couple deadlines,” says Jason Marshall of the Department of Conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this hadn’t been pushed back, my department would have been getting applications for well stimulation,” he says. “And the operator would have gone to water board to get the plan approved and the water board would have said ‘You need to wait six months, because we don’t have criteria developed yet.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under temporary fracking regulations now in place, oil operators must submit groundwater monitoring plans, but currently they’re approved by oil and gas regulators under a set of more minimal requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is groundwater monitoring going on right now, but is it to the full degree that it will be in July (2015)? Probably not,” Marshall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups have mixed feelings about the timeline change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was 50 years of non-regulation, and it’s an extra six months,” says Bill Allayaud of the Environmental Working Group. “It’s not the most desirable thing, but we are getting relatively good public disclosure about fracking for the first time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollin Kretzmann, an attorney with the Center for Biological Diversity, says no regulation can ensure fracking is safe and he’d prefer to see it halted altogether in California. Nonetheless, he says the final regulations do include important rules that will now, unfortunately, also be delayed. Those include a requirement that oil operators monitor seismic activity during fracking and must stop operations if there’s an earthquake registering 2.0 or greater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kretzmann says it’s unusual for temporary regulations to be in place for so long. “It’s confounding that their so-called emergency regulations will now be in effect for 18 months,” he says. “Under California law, the limit for emergency regulations is 12 months, so they had to make a statutory exemption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Getting Rid of the “Magic Wand”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill that approved the delay—what lawmakers call a trailer bill—made another change that some environmentalists are cheering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under SB 4, the fracking regulation bill, oil and gas regulators had so-called “magic wand” power to decide on the level of environmental review a fracking operation must undergo. Several environmental groups pulled their support for the bill when that provision was added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (oil and gas) supervisor would have been able to waive environmental review based on prior environmental reviews,” Allayaud says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California oil and gas regulators are currently reviewing the potential impacts of fracking statewide in an environmental impact report. Environmental groups expressed concerned that regulators would cite this broad statewide review as an adequate basis for granting fracking permits, as opposed to requiring a more site-specific review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, under the new provision approved in late June, the level of environmental review will be decided on a case-by-case basis as permit requests come in, says the Department of Conservation’s Jason Marshall. “It’s going to depend on where in the state you’re talking about,” he says. “We have wildly differing amounts of information about the impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other agencies will also be able to weigh in on environmental impacts, under the new language. “The change makes clear that there is still opportunity for other agencies or local governments to conduct their own environmental review or impose mitigation measures,” says Kretzmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say they’ll be watching closely. “There are still going to be some questions down the road,” Allayaud says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/19297/californias-new-fracking-regulations-delayed-half-a-year","authors":["239"],"series":["science_1022"],"categories":["science_33","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_429","science_64","science_778"],"featImg":"science_19348","label":"science_1022"},"science_11045":{"type":"posts","id":"science_11045","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"11045","score":null,"sort":[1384556247000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do","title":"What California's New Fracking Rules Would Do (And Not Do)","publishDate":1384556247,"format":"aside","headTitle":"What California’s New Fracking Rules Would Do (And Not Do) | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1022,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11062\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/RS3844_OilPumps_20120711b-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11062\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/RS3844_OilPumps_20120711b-scr.jpg\" alt=\"Oil wells in Kern County, where much of California's fracking has taken place. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oil wells in Kern County, where much of California’s fracking has taken place. (Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The debate over hydraulic fracturing is heating up in California, as the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/index/Documents/Text%20of%20Proposed%20Regulations%20-%20SB%204%20Well%20Stimulation%20Treatment%20Regulations.pdf\">released draft regulations\u003c/a> on Friday for the controversial oil extraction technique. This follows a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB4\">bill\u003c/a> signed by Governor Jerry Brown earlier this year that adds new requirements for oil companies to protect groundwater and disclose more public information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These regulations are the strongest and most comprehensive environmental public health protections of any oil and gas producing state,” said Mark Nechodom, director of the California Department of Conservation, which oversees the state’s oil and gas division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the same time,” he said, “these regulations are designed to ensure that the oil and gas industry in California, which is a key element of the California economy, will remain productive and competitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique by which water, sand and chemicals are injected underground at high pressure to release more oil has been used for decades in California. The long-awaited draft regulations represent the state’s first effort to address fracking, beyond the standards for oil well construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New requirements in proposed fracking rules:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Oil companies must apply for a permit before fracking and disclose where it will take place, how much water will be used, the source of that water and how it will be disposed of.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli> They must disclose what chemicals are used in fracking, but not the concentrations in cases where they claim a trade secret exemption.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Oil well operators must provide at least 30 days advance written notice before fracking, to landowners and neighbors within 1,500 feet of the well.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Property owners may request water quality testing of their own wells before and after fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Well operators must review earthquake faults in the area to ensure that the fluids used fracking don’t migrate along faults.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>An independent science panel will study the potential risks from hydraulic fracturing and other extraction techniques like acid well stimulation and report by January 1, 2015.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>State oil and gas regulators will do an environmental impact review of the potential environmental risks of fracking in the state and report by July 1, 2015.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli> The state will also set up a website by January 2016 for public information about fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The State Water Resources Control Board will create a program to monitor groundwater basins specifically to protect drinking water sources from fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Call for a Moratorium\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m feeling mixed about the regulations,” says David Pettit, attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that the best approach would be a straight up moratorium until fracking is proved safe,” he said. “But the regulations, particularly the scientific study and the statewide environmental impact report do give us a possibility of having a good analysis of the safety and public health issues that I hope the state can act on in a sensible way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”586a7ee57327ff9ff49152618277d546”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been doing it for 60 years and there hasn’t been an incident anywhere in the state,” says Catherine Reheis-Boyd of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wspa.org/\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>, an industry group. “To have a moratorium would make it even more difficult for California to supply the crude oil it needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand we have to do this right and if we don’t, we won’t be doing it the state of California,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential Oil Boom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has a century-old oil industry, located mainly in Kern County. With much of the easily-accessed oil recovered, focus has shifted to the Monterey Shale, which holds an estimated 15 billion barrels of oil. Oil companies say recovering that oil is a challenge, given California’s complex underground geology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it is developed to the extent we hope, it really will provide jobs and a valuable to resource to California,” said Reheis-Boyd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say extracting and using that oil runs counter to the state’s aggressive climate change goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to shift to renewables,” said Kathryn Phillips of \u003ca href=\"http://california2.sierraclub.org/\">Sierra Club California\u003c/a>. “California is doing a good job at that, but we need to accelerate. To get investment, you need to stop putting investment in false hope. Extracting more oil is false hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We want to make sure people have an opportunity to know what’s happening in their region.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>State regulators are required to look at the potential greenhouse gas emissions associated with fracking as part of the statewide environmental impact report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What the Regulations Don’t Say\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions remain about the environmental review of each oil and gas well, under \u003ca href=\"http://ceres.ca.gov/ceqa/\">California’s Environmental Quality Act\u003c/a> (CEQA). Under the new rules, oil well operators must get a permit for fracking. The permit triggers a review of the potential impacts on the local water, air and community. Officials haven’t yet specified how they’ll do this review. A comprehensive review could be done on a case-by-case basis for each individual well site, or regulators could rely on the statewide environmental review when granting fracking permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make sure people have an opportunity to know what’s happening in their region,” said Kathryn Phillips. “We think you can only have that if you have a well-by-well review.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions also remain about whether several wells could be grouped together and approved with a single permit. In a signing statement, Governor Brown directed regulators “to develop an efficient permitting program for well-stimulation activities that groups permits together based on factors such as known geologic conditions and environmental impacts.” Oil and gas regulators say the conditions for grouping wells together will be developed in a separate rule-making process this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fracking regulations take effect on or before January 1, 2015. The division of oil and gas is developing a set of “emergency regulations” that will cover fracking until that time and the agency plans to release those in mid-December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators are expecting a deluge of public comments over the next 60 days. \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;line-height: 19px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/Pages/Index.aspx\">Five public hearings\u003c/a> will also be held. Another public comment period will follow in the spring after the agency makes revisions to this draft of the regulations. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The debate over hydraulic fracturing in California is heating up as oil and gas regulators release draft rules for the controversial oil extraction technique.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704934686,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1094},"headData":{"title":"What California's New Fracking Rules Would Do (And Not Do) | KQED","description":"The debate over hydraulic fracturing in California is heating up as oil and gas regulators release draft rules for the controversial oil extraction technique.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/11045/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11062\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/RS3844_OilPumps_20120711b-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11062\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/RS3844_OilPumps_20120711b-scr.jpg\" alt=\"Oil wells in Kern County, where much of California's fracking has taken place. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oil wells in Kern County, where much of California’s fracking has taken place. (Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The debate over hydraulic fracturing is heating up in California, as the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/index/Documents/Text%20of%20Proposed%20Regulations%20-%20SB%204%20Well%20Stimulation%20Treatment%20Regulations.pdf\">released draft regulations\u003c/a> on Friday for the controversial oil extraction technique. This follows a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB4\">bill\u003c/a> signed by Governor Jerry Brown earlier this year that adds new requirements for oil companies to protect groundwater and disclose more public information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These regulations are the strongest and most comprehensive environmental public health protections of any oil and gas producing state,” said Mark Nechodom, director of the California Department of Conservation, which oversees the state’s oil and gas division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the same time,” he said, “these regulations are designed to ensure that the oil and gas industry in California, which is a key element of the California economy, will remain productive and competitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique by which water, sand and chemicals are injected underground at high pressure to release more oil has been used for decades in California. The long-awaited draft regulations represent the state’s first effort to address fracking, beyond the standards for oil well construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New requirements in proposed fracking rules:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Oil companies must apply for a permit before fracking and disclose where it will take place, how much water will be used, the source of that water and how it will be disposed of.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli> They must disclose what chemicals are used in fracking, but not the concentrations in cases where they claim a trade secret exemption.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Oil well operators must provide at least 30 days advance written notice before fracking, to landowners and neighbors within 1,500 feet of the well.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Property owners may request water quality testing of their own wells before and after fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Well operators must review earthquake faults in the area to ensure that the fluids used fracking don’t migrate along faults.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>An independent science panel will study the potential risks from hydraulic fracturing and other extraction techniques like acid well stimulation and report by January 1, 2015.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>State oil and gas regulators will do an environmental impact review of the potential environmental risks of fracking in the state and report by July 1, 2015.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli> The state will also set up a website by January 2016 for public information about fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The State Water Resources Control Board will create a program to monitor groundwater basins specifically to protect drinking water sources from fracking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Call for a Moratorium\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m feeling mixed about the regulations,” says David Pettit, attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that the best approach would be a straight up moratorium until fracking is proved safe,” he said. “But the regulations, particularly the scientific study and the statewide environmental impact report do give us a possibility of having a good analysis of the safety and public health issues that I hope the state can act on in a sensible way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been doing it for 60 years and there hasn’t been an incident anywhere in the state,” says Catherine Reheis-Boyd of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wspa.org/\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>, an industry group. “To have a moratorium would make it even more difficult for California to supply the crude oil it needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand we have to do this right and if we don’t, we won’t be doing it the state of California,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential Oil Boom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has a century-old oil industry, located mainly in Kern County. With much of the easily-accessed oil recovered, focus has shifted to the Monterey Shale, which holds an estimated 15 billion barrels of oil. Oil companies say recovering that oil is a challenge, given California’s complex underground geology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it is developed to the extent we hope, it really will provide jobs and a valuable to resource to California,” said Reheis-Boyd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say extracting and using that oil runs counter to the state’s aggressive climate change goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to shift to renewables,” said Kathryn Phillips of \u003ca href=\"http://california2.sierraclub.org/\">Sierra Club California\u003c/a>. “California is doing a good job at that, but we need to accelerate. To get investment, you need to stop putting investment in false hope. Extracting more oil is false hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We want to make sure people have an opportunity to know what’s happening in their region.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>State regulators are required to look at the potential greenhouse gas emissions associated with fracking as part of the statewide environmental impact report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What the Regulations Don’t Say\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions remain about the environmental review of each oil and gas well, under \u003ca href=\"http://ceres.ca.gov/ceqa/\">California’s Environmental Quality Act\u003c/a> (CEQA). Under the new rules, oil well operators must get a permit for fracking. The permit triggers a review of the potential impacts on the local water, air and community. Officials haven’t yet specified how they’ll do this review. A comprehensive review could be done on a case-by-case basis for each individual well site, or regulators could rely on the statewide environmental review when granting fracking permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make sure people have an opportunity to know what’s happening in their region,” said Kathryn Phillips. “We think you can only have that if you have a well-by-well review.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions also remain about whether several wells could be grouped together and approved with a single permit. In a signing statement, Governor Brown directed regulators “to develop an efficient permitting program for well-stimulation activities that groups permits together based on factors such as known geologic conditions and environmental impacts.” Oil and gas regulators say the conditions for grouping wells together will be developed in a separate rule-making process this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fracking regulations take effect on or before January 1, 2015. The division of oil and gas is developing a set of “emergency regulations” that will cover fracking until that time and the agency plans to release those in mid-December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators are expecting a deluge of public comments over the next 60 days. \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px;line-height: 19px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/Pages/Index.aspx\">Five public hearings\u003c/a> will also be held. Another public comment period will follow in the spring after the agency makes revisions to this draft of the regulations. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/11045/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do","authors":["239"],"series":["science_1022"],"categories":["science_33","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_182","science_134","science_429","science_64","science_953","science_955","science_952","science_778","science_201"],"featImg":"science_11062","label":"science_1022"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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align=\"alignright\" width=\"351\"]\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/files/2014/01/Fracking-main.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-13657\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/files/2014/01/Fracking-main.jpg\" alt=\"Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"351\" height=\"263\" />\u003c/a> Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption]\r\n\r\nHydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has been used for more than 30 years in California, but it’s attracting attention and scrutiny because of renewed interest in the state’s large oil reserve, known as the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/05/21/californias-monterey-shale-bonanza-or-bust-nobody-really-knows/\">Monterey Shale\u003c/a>.\r\n\r\nIn California, fracking is done mainly for oil, while in other states with recent fracking booms, like Pennsylvania and Texas, it’s used largely for natural gas.\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>What is it?\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nFracking is just one phase of the process used to bring an oil or gas well into production. The technique is used to release oil from rocks deep underground. Water, mixed with sand and chemicals, is injected down the well bore at high pressure to create tiny fractures in the rock. \u003ca href=\"http://fracfocus.org/\">According to the oil industry\u003c/a>, more than 2,000 wells have been fracked in the state.\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Concerns\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nEnvironmental groups have called for a moratorium on fracking until the state does a comprehensive review of potential impacts on both water and air quality. A chief concern is the chemicals used, some of which are carcinogens, and potential contamination of groundwater. Fracking also \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/audio/with-drought-new-scrutiny-over-frackings-water-use/\">uses large volumes of freshwater\u003c/a>. Industry sources say it uses less freshwater in California than is used in other states and no cases of groundwater contamination have been found.\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Where it Stands\r\n\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nIn November 2013, state regulators \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2013/11/15/what-californias-new-fracking-rules-would-do-and-not-do/\">released draft rules for fracking\u003c/a> that are now \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/07/11/californias-new-fracking-regulations-delayed-half-a-year/\">expected to go into effect in July 2015\u003c/a>. They followed passage of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/11/110875/fracking-bill-caifornia-senate-vote\">SB 4\u003c/a>, a bill signed by Governor Jerry Brown, that spelled out what the regulations should cover.\r\n\r\nUnder the rules, oil and gas operators would be required to apply for a permit prior to fracking a well, and to provide written notice to nearby landowners. Operators would have to disclose what chemicals they use, but not the specific concentrations if they consider those a trade secret. State water regulators are also developing a groundwater monitoring program. The regulations are expected to be finalized by the end of 2014.","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Fracking in California Archives | KQED Science","description":"[caption id=\"attachment_13657\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"351\"] Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption] Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has been used for more than 30 years in California, but it’s attracting attention and scrutiny because of renewed interest in the state’s large oil reserve, known as the Monterey Shale. In California, fracking is done mainly for oil, while in other states with recent fracking booms, like Pennsylvania and Texas, it’s used largely for natural gas. What is it? Fracking is just one phase of the process used to bring an oil or gas well into production. The technique is used to release oil from rocks deep underground. Water, mixed with sand and chemicals, is injected down the well bore at high pressure to create tiny fractures in the rock. According to the oil industry, more than 2,000 wells have been fracked in the state. Concerns Environmental groups have called for a moratorium on fracking until the state does a comprehensive review of potential impacts on both water and air quality. A chief concern is the chemicals used, some of which are carcinogens, and potential contamination of groundwater. Fracking also uses large volumes of freshwater. Industry sources say it uses less freshwater in California than is used in other states and no cases of groundwater contamination have been found. Where it Stands In November 2013, state regulators released draft rules for fracking that are now expected to go into effect in July 2015. They followed passage of SB 4, a bill signed by Governor Jerry Brown, that spelled out what the regulations should cover. Under the rules, oil and gas operators would be required to apply for a permit prior to fracking a well, and to provide written notice to nearby landowners. Operators would have to disclose what chemicals they use, but not the specific concentrations if they consider those a trade secret. State water regulators are also developing a groundwater monitoring program. 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