California Condors Confront Bird Flu in Flight From Extinction
Lead Ammunition is Now Banned for Hunting Wildlife in California
Trump Administration Revokes Lead Bullet Ban, But California's May Hold
South American Peaks Contain 2000-Year Record of Lead in the Air
SF Clothing Company Accused of Knowingly Selling Lead-Laden Products
To Protect Wildlife, California Bans Hunting With Lead Bullets
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FM","link":"/"}},"science_1982698":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1982698","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1982698","score":null,"sort":[1683912468000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-condors-confront-bird-flu-in-flight-from-extinction","title":"California Condors Confront Bird Flu in Flight From Extinction","publishDate":1683912468,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Condors Confront Bird Flu in Flight From Extinction | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The California condor is facing the deadliest strain of avian influenza in U.S. history, and the outbreak could jeopardize the iconic vulture with its 10-foot wingspan decades after \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/north-america-condors-us-news-ut-state-wire-az-state-wire-d1425cf1e17249f088a00b2f14a319b9\">conservationists saved the species from extinction\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nine newly hatched chicks, covered in downy white feathers, give condor-keepers at the Los Angeles Zoo hope that the endangered population of North America’s largest soaring land birds will once again thrive after 40 years of aggressive efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With fewer than 350 condors in the wild — in flocks that span from the Pacific Northwest to Baja California, Mexico — the historic outbreak means ongoing breeding-in-captivity and rewilding programs like the LA Zoo’s remain essential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year and a half, millions of birds across the U.S. have died from avian flu, including \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/health-business-minnesota-environment-0ec6d3f11b09ddd023d7d5d50ab7f8c1\">more than 430 bald eagles\u003c/a> and some 58 million turkeys and commercial chickens \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/disease-outbreaks-iowa-business-health-bird-flu-2c9ca4b3d04f3c0269a1fee233daa3a6\">that were euthanized to prevent the spread of the disease\u003c/a>. Bird flu is further suspected in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/health-maine-flu-seals-national-oceanic-and-atmospheric-administration-66939e32ca206ab0c150953e55d22434\">deaths of dozens of seals\u003c/a> off the coast of Maine last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the strain is believed to have caused \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-condor-deaths-arizona-utah-avian-flu-cc83480a4979a235c44e27d1890ab340\">the deaths of at least 22 California condors in Arizona\u003c/a>, which were part of a flock in the Southwest that typically accounts for a third of the species’ entire wild population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts are now concerned the strain could further affect condors by rapidly spreading across state lines through the spring migration. More than two dozen environmental advocates this week urged the federal government to expedite approvals for a vaccine that would be given to both condors in the wild and in captivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advocates, which include the Center for Biological Diversity, warned in a letter that the flu strain is “jeopardizing the existence” of the famed bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Endangered condor chicks hatch at LA Zoo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OFw1_T8Cixg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California condor is at risk of extinction once again, and once again, an emergency vaccination campaign is required to stave off a deadly infection and possible extinction,” they wrote, referencing the success of the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/west-nile-virus\">West Nile virus\u003c/a> vaccine for condors in the early 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the 50th anniversary of the Endangered Species Act approaches, wildlife officials say the species still cannot sustain itself without human intervention — even though humans are also to blame for much of its losses outside the avian flu, including deaths from lead ammunition poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s going to take some changes in behavior from the humans on the planet so that we can really address the threats to the species,” said Ashleigh Blackford, California condor coordinator for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a California law banning lead ammunition for hunting, it is still readily used. The condors scavenge meat from dead animals, felled by the lead ammunition, and fall ill — often fatally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really hard to watch a bird you raised come back and die in your arms,” said Los Angeles Zoo condor-keeper Chandra David, who has tended to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/2e9f542f808ec2ee54daf612651422bc\">lead-poisoned condors\u003c/a> brought back to the zoo for treatment. “And there’s nothing we can do about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, spring is a time for hope. At breeding programs in the U.S. and Mexico, chicks are hatching and online “condor cams” provide live feeds for fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a funny species in that it really is not your typical charismatic species, right? They are a little bit on the ugly side. Most people are not endeared to vultures, but this one in particular (is different),” Blackford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the condor looms large in California culture — even if it’s not the official state bird (that’s the California quail). The mascot for the Los Angeles Clippers is Chuck the Condor and one of the birds in flight is featured prominently on the state quarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The population was nearly wiped out by hunting during the California Gold Rush, as well as poisoning from toxic pesticide DDT and lead ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, all 22 California condors left in the wild were \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/85dbcded1311eb38156766664cec55b1\">controversially captured\u003c/a> and put into captive breeding programs to save the species. Zoo-bred birds were first released into the wild in 1992 and in the years since have been reintroduced into habitats they’d disappeared from — including the Yurok Tribe’s ancestral lands in Northern California. The ongoing rewilding efforts are considered a conservation success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took decades to drive species toward extinction and it’s, in many cases, going to take decades to bring them back,” said Noah Greenwald, endangered species director for the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The condor is intrinsically tied to several Native American tribes in the West. The Havasupai people, for example, say the condor flew their ancestors from the bottom of the Grand Canyon to the top — its wings creating the famous striations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Yurok Tribe, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/travel-california-wildlife-parks-national-fefbd6b9ed15698c0b6507fa6f60317d\">the work to bring the condors back\u003c/a> highlights how Native Americans are reclaiming their traditional roles as stewards of the land — “which was a role that was taken from us forcibly post-contact,” said Tiana Williams-Claussen, director of the tribe’s wildlife department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as prey-go-neesh in Yurok, the revered condor disappeared from the region in the late 1800s. In 2021, Williams-Claussen and her team, building on a promise made by tribal leaders in 2003, watched as captive-bred condors took flight over Yurok lands for the first time in more than a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribe hopes to release four to six captive-bred birds into the wild annually over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately our goal, of course, is to have birds without tags, without transmitters, that can just reintegrate into our ecosystem,” Williams-Claussen said, “into our cultural lifeways again.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Forty years after California condors were on the brink of extinction, aggressive conservation efforts and breeding-in-captivity programs remain as essential as ever.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846012,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":979},"headData":{"title":"California Condors Confront Bird Flu in Flight From Extinction | KQED","description":"Forty years after California condors were on the brink of extinction, aggressive conservation efforts and breeding-in-captivity programs remain as essential as ever.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Condors Confront Bird Flu in Flight From Extinction","datePublished":"2023-05-12T17:27:48.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:20:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Stefanie Dazio \u003cbr> The Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982698/california-condors-confront-bird-flu-in-flight-from-extinction","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California condor is facing the deadliest strain of avian influenza in U.S. history, and the outbreak could jeopardize the iconic vulture with its 10-foot wingspan decades after \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/north-america-condors-us-news-ut-state-wire-az-state-wire-d1425cf1e17249f088a00b2f14a319b9\">conservationists saved the species from extinction\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nine newly hatched chicks, covered in downy white feathers, give condor-keepers at the Los Angeles Zoo hope that the endangered population of North America’s largest soaring land birds will once again thrive after 40 years of aggressive efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With fewer than 350 condors in the wild — in flocks that span from the Pacific Northwest to Baja California, Mexico — the historic outbreak means ongoing breeding-in-captivity and rewilding programs like the LA Zoo’s remain essential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year and a half, millions of birds across the U.S. have died from avian flu, including \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/health-business-minnesota-environment-0ec6d3f11b09ddd023d7d5d50ab7f8c1\">more than 430 bald eagles\u003c/a> and some 58 million turkeys and commercial chickens \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/disease-outbreaks-iowa-business-health-bird-flu-2c9ca4b3d04f3c0269a1fee233daa3a6\">that were euthanized to prevent the spread of the disease\u003c/a>. Bird flu is further suspected in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/health-maine-flu-seals-national-oceanic-and-atmospheric-administration-66939e32ca206ab0c150953e55d22434\">deaths of dozens of seals\u003c/a> off the coast of Maine last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the strain is believed to have caused \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-condor-deaths-arizona-utah-avian-flu-cc83480a4979a235c44e27d1890ab340\">the deaths of at least 22 California condors in Arizona\u003c/a>, which were part of a flock in the Southwest that typically accounts for a third of the species’ entire wild population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts are now concerned the strain could further affect condors by rapidly spreading across state lines through the spring migration. More than two dozen environmental advocates this week urged the federal government to expedite approvals for a vaccine that would be given to both condors in the wild and in captivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advocates, which include the Center for Biological Diversity, warned in a letter that the flu strain is “jeopardizing the existence” of the famed bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Endangered condor chicks hatch at LA Zoo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OFw1_T8Cixg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California condor is at risk of extinction once again, and once again, an emergency vaccination campaign is required to stave off a deadly infection and possible extinction,” they wrote, referencing the success of the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/west-nile-virus\">West Nile virus\u003c/a> vaccine for condors in the early 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the 50th anniversary of the Endangered Species Act approaches, wildlife officials say the species still cannot sustain itself without human intervention — even though humans are also to blame for much of its losses outside the avian flu, including deaths from lead ammunition poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s going to take some changes in behavior from the humans on the planet so that we can really address the threats to the species,” said Ashleigh Blackford, California condor coordinator for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a California law banning lead ammunition for hunting, it is still readily used. The condors scavenge meat from dead animals, felled by the lead ammunition, and fall ill — often fatally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really hard to watch a bird you raised come back and die in your arms,” said Los Angeles Zoo condor-keeper Chandra David, who has tended to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/2e9f542f808ec2ee54daf612651422bc\">lead-poisoned condors\u003c/a> brought back to the zoo for treatment. “And there’s nothing we can do about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, spring is a time for hope. At breeding programs in the U.S. and Mexico, chicks are hatching and online “condor cams” provide live feeds for fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a funny species in that it really is not your typical charismatic species, right? They are a little bit on the ugly side. Most people are not endeared to vultures, but this one in particular (is different),” Blackford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the condor looms large in California culture — even if it’s not the official state bird (that’s the California quail). The mascot for the Los Angeles Clippers is Chuck the Condor and one of the birds in flight is featured prominently on the state quarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The population was nearly wiped out by hunting during the California Gold Rush, as well as poisoning from toxic pesticide DDT and lead ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, all 22 California condors left in the wild were \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/85dbcded1311eb38156766664cec55b1\">controversially captured\u003c/a> and put into captive breeding programs to save the species. Zoo-bred birds were first released into the wild in 1992 and in the years since have been reintroduced into habitats they’d disappeared from — including the Yurok Tribe’s ancestral lands in Northern California. The ongoing rewilding efforts are considered a conservation success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took decades to drive species toward extinction and it’s, in many cases, going to take decades to bring them back,” said Noah Greenwald, endangered species director for the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The condor is intrinsically tied to several Native American tribes in the West. The Havasupai people, for example, say the condor flew their ancestors from the bottom of the Grand Canyon to the top — its wings creating the famous striations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Yurok Tribe, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/travel-california-wildlife-parks-national-fefbd6b9ed15698c0b6507fa6f60317d\">the work to bring the condors back\u003c/a> highlights how Native Americans are reclaiming their traditional roles as stewards of the land — “which was a role that was taken from us forcibly post-contact,” said Tiana Williams-Claussen, director of the tribe’s wildlife department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as prey-go-neesh in Yurok, the revered condor disappeared from the region in the late 1800s. In 2021, Williams-Claussen and her team, building on a promise made by tribal leaders in 2003, watched as captive-bred condors took flight over Yurok lands for the first time in more than a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribe hopes to release four to six captive-bred birds into the wild annually over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately our goal, of course, is to have birds without tags, without transmitters, that can just reintegrate into our ecosystem,” Williams-Claussen said, “into our cultural lifeways again.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982698/california-condors-confront-bird-flu-in-flight-from-extinction","authors":["byline_science_1982698"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1574","science_205","science_260","science_819"],"featImg":"science_1982702","label":"science"},"science_1944241":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1944241","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1944241","score":null,"sort":[1561964551000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"lead-ammunition-is-now-banned-for-hunting-wildlife-in-california","title":"Lead Ammunition is Now Banned for Hunting Wildlife in California","publishDate":1561964551,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Lead Ammunition is Now Banned for Hunting Wildlife in California | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Beginning July 1, lead ammunition is banned for hunting wildlife anywhere in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the final \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">phasing in of a law\u003c/a> California passed in 2013. Governor Jerry Brown signed it in large part to protect the threatened California condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recovery of condors is being held back primarily by the presence of lead in the bodies and gut piles of the animals they scavenge upon, research indicates. Myra Finkelstein is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.metx.ucsc.edu/research/finkelstein.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildlife toxicologist\u003c/a> at UC Santa Cruz, and one of the researchers who testified in hearings for the bill, and whose work helped lay the case for a lead ammunition ban. She spoke with KQED’s Brian Watt about how lead affects animals in the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following excerpts have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can you give us an overview of what lead does to animals?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944248\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944248\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/Deer-lead_fragments_400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/Deer-lead_fragments_400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/Deer-lead_fragments_400-160x96.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An X-ray image shows hundreds of lead bullet fragments in the neck of a mule deer shot with a lead rifle bullet. Just a few of these fragments contain enough lead to sicken or kill a bald eagle or California condor. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the National Park Service )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lead is a equal opportunity killer. It is toxic to many \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dq3h64x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vertebrate species\u003c/a>, and that includes humans. It can harm your immune system, reproductive system, nervous system, renal system, many systems. It’s a very well known toxic compound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the Centers for Disease Control has said there is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/acclpp/blood_lead_levels.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no safe level\u003c/a> of lead exposure for a young child. So another way of putting that: that any exposure to a young child has been shown to result in long-term neurological impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What has lead meant for the California condor?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead is the number one mortality factor for free-flying juvenile and adult California condors, and work that we have done has shown that lead poisoning is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22733770\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preventing their recovery\u003c/a>. So it is the major threat that’s impeding their ability to recover in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead ammunition, it fragments. So people can look up online, you can see a radiograph and it’s all these tiny, tiny little pieces throughout the carcass. When the condor is eating its meal, we think they accidentally then ingest a little bit of these lead fragments. Even fragments as small as a couple of grains of sand have enough lead to potentially kill a condor. It doesn’t take very much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your research was important for showing that lead found in scavenging birds, like condors, is actually coming from ammunition, instead of from the environment, such as paint chips or lead pipes. How did you do this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/hunting/nonlead-ammunition\">Have questions about non-lead ammunition? Visit the California Department of Fish & Wildlife’s FAQ page.\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lead has different isotopes, which creates a lead signature or a lead profile. It is almost like a fingerprint, but not quite as unique. This is how we identify sources of lead poisoning to children. We’ve been doing this, as a society, for decades. For wildlife, it’s the same thing. Where you can look at the lead signature in ammunition and look at the lead signature in a poisoned condor, and see whether or not they are similar, to illustrate: was the lead ammunition the source of lead poisoning to the condor? We did that for California condors and showed that lead ammunition was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25173094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">principal source\u003c/a> of lead poisoning for California condors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are lead ammo bans working? How long will it take for lead not to be a problem for sensitive species?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far we have not been able to detect a change in lead poisoning rates in California condors, but part of that problem is that the rates in condors are highly variable, and that one contaminated carcass out there can poison a lot of condors at once. We’ve done some models and we’ve shown that even if 1 percent of the carcasses on the landscape contain lead, each condor can still have a 30 percent to 50 percent chance of encountering a carcass with lead and potentially being poisoned. It’s going to take a lot of time for us to be able to statistically assess if there’s been a change in lead poisoning rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I do think that a person switching to non-lead ammunition will be an immediate benefit to any scavenging species that might come across that person’s gut pile. As well as for a hunter and their family, as lead is highly toxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As a lead ammunition ban goes into effect for hunting wildlife in California, we take a look at the science underpinning the ban. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848546,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":765},"headData":{"title":"Lead Ammunition is Now Banned for Hunting Wildlife in California | KQED","description":"As a lead ammunition ban goes into effect for hunting wildlife in California, we take a look at the science underpinning the ban. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Lead Ammunition is Now Banned for Hunting Wildlife in California","datePublished":"2019-07-01T07:02:31.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:02:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Lead in the Environment","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/07/WattLeadAmmoBan.mp3","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":288,"path":"/science/1944241/lead-ammunition-is-now-banned-for-hunting-wildlife-in-california","audioDuration":288000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Beginning July 1, lead ammunition is banned for hunting wildlife anywhere in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the final \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">phasing in of a law\u003c/a> California passed in 2013. Governor Jerry Brown signed it in large part to protect the threatened California condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recovery of condors is being held back primarily by the presence of lead in the bodies and gut piles of the animals they scavenge upon, research indicates. Myra Finkelstein is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.metx.ucsc.edu/research/finkelstein.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildlife toxicologist\u003c/a> at UC Santa Cruz, and one of the researchers who testified in hearings for the bill, and whose work helped lay the case for a lead ammunition ban. She spoke with KQED’s Brian Watt about how lead affects animals in the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following excerpts have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can you give us an overview of what lead does to animals?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944248\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944248\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/Deer-lead_fragments_400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/Deer-lead_fragments_400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/Deer-lead_fragments_400-160x96.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An X-ray image shows hundreds of lead bullet fragments in the neck of a mule deer shot with a lead rifle bullet. Just a few of these fragments contain enough lead to sicken or kill a bald eagle or California condor. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the National Park Service )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lead is a equal opportunity killer. It is toxic to many \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dq3h64x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vertebrate species\u003c/a>, and that includes humans. It can harm your immune system, reproductive system, nervous system, renal system, many systems. It’s a very well known toxic compound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the Centers for Disease Control has said there is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/acclpp/blood_lead_levels.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no safe level\u003c/a> of lead exposure for a young child. So another way of putting that: that any exposure to a young child has been shown to result in long-term neurological impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What has lead meant for the California condor?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead is the number one mortality factor for free-flying juvenile and adult California condors, and work that we have done has shown that lead poisoning is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22733770\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preventing their recovery\u003c/a>. So it is the major threat that’s impeding their ability to recover in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead ammunition, it fragments. So people can look up online, you can see a radiograph and it’s all these tiny, tiny little pieces throughout the carcass. When the condor is eating its meal, we think they accidentally then ingest a little bit of these lead fragments. Even fragments as small as a couple of grains of sand have enough lead to potentially kill a condor. It doesn’t take very much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your research was important for showing that lead found in scavenging birds, like condors, is actually coming from ammunition, instead of from the environment, such as paint chips or lead pipes. How did you do this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/hunting/nonlead-ammunition\">Have questions about non-lead ammunition? Visit the California Department of Fish & Wildlife’s FAQ page.\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lead has different isotopes, which creates a lead signature or a lead profile. It is almost like a fingerprint, but not quite as unique. This is how we identify sources of lead poisoning to children. We’ve been doing this, as a society, for decades. For wildlife, it’s the same thing. Where you can look at the lead signature in ammunition and look at the lead signature in a poisoned condor, and see whether or not they are similar, to illustrate: was the lead ammunition the source of lead poisoning to the condor? We did that for California condors and showed that lead ammunition was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25173094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">principal source\u003c/a> of lead poisoning for California condors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are lead ammo bans working? How long will it take for lead not to be a problem for sensitive species?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far we have not been able to detect a change in lead poisoning rates in California condors, but part of that problem is that the rates in condors are highly variable, and that one contaminated carcass out there can poison a lot of condors at once. We’ve done some models and we’ve shown that even if 1 percent of the carcasses on the landscape contain lead, each condor can still have a 30 percent to 50 percent chance of encountering a carcass with lead and potentially being poisoned. It’s going to take a lot of time for us to be able to statistically assess if there’s been a change in lead poisoning rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I do think that a person switching to non-lead ammunition will be an immediate benefit to any scavenging species that might come across that person’s gut pile. As well as for a hunter and their family, as lead is highly toxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1944241/lead-ammunition-is-now-banned-for-hunting-wildlife-in-california","authors":["6387"],"categories":["science_2874","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_3841","science_1574","science_2259","science_819","science_804"],"featImg":"science_9941","label":"source_science_1944241"},"science_1446778":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1446778","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1446778","score":null,"sort":[1488505329000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"trump-administration-revokes-lead-bullet-ban-but-californias-may-hold","title":"Trump Administration Revokes Lead Bullet Ban, But California's May Hold","publishDate":1488505329,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Trump Administration Revokes Lead Bullet Ban, But California’s May Hold | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>In one of his first acts as the nation’s new Interior Secretary, Ryan Zinke \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/order_no._3346.pdf\">overturned \u003c/a>one of the Obama Administration’s final acts, banning the use of lead bullets for hunting on wildlife refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20170129202757/https://www.fws.gov/policy/do219.html\"> ban on lead ammunition and fishing tackle\u003c/a> was enacted the day before President Obama left office, and applied to federal wildlife refuges and any other lands where the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regulates hunting and fishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Critters at Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was intended to prevent fish, birds and other animals from being poisoned by the lead left behind in carcasses, on the ground or in water. Hunting groups rallied against the ban, calling it an “\u003ca href=\"https://bearingarms.com/ba-staff/2017/01/24/obama-bids-adieu-americas-gun-owners-lead-ammo-ban/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">assault\u003c/a> on gun owners’ and sportsmans’ rights.” [contextly_sidebar id=”TwnU81seXkyklL8cyYQ0Sey9iHW2akMV”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/322058-interior-secretary-repeals-ban-on-lead-ammunition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Covering the story\u003c/a> today, \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Hill\u003c/a> quoted Zinke as saying the ban was enacted without adequate public input:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“After reviewing the order and the process by which it was promulgated, I have determined that the order is not mandated by any existing statutory or regulatory requirement and was issued without significant communication, consultation or coordination with affected stakeholders,” Zinke wrote in his order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke also signed an order Thursday asking agencies within his purview to find ways to increase access to outdoor recreation on the lands they oversee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It worries me to think about hunting and fishing becoming activities for the land-owning elite,” he said in a statement. “This package of secretarial orders will expand access for outdoor enthusiasts and also make sure the community’s voice is heard.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In his confirmation hearing, Zinke made it clear that removing hurdles to hunters and anglers on federal lands would be one of his highest priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Stake\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear whether \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/to-protect-wildlife-california-bans-hunting-with-lead-bullets/\">a 2013 state ban\u003c/a> on lead ammunition will be affected by Zinke’s order. California’s law phases in rules that, by 2019, will prohibit lead ammunition for hunting all birds and mammals anywhere in the state, including on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for the state Department of Fish and Wildlife said today that agency officials feel confident the state rules will not be undone by today’s federal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law was spearheaded in large part to protect the threatened \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/11/03/condors-vs-lead-bullets/\">California condor\u003c/a>. Scientists say their recovery has been hampered by lead poisoning, because the scavengers ingest lead bullet fragments in carcasses or entrails left behind by hunters.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It's unclear how allowing lead ammunition on federal lands in California will affect the state's own ban.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929027,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":419},"headData":{"title":"Trump Administration Revokes Lead Bullet Ban, But California's May Hold | KQED","description":"It's unclear how allowing lead ammunition on federal lands in California will affect the state's own ban.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Trump Administration Revokes Lead Bullet Ban, But California's May Hold","datePublished":"2017-03-03T01:42:09.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:23:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1446778/trump-administration-revokes-lead-bullet-ban-but-californias-may-hold","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In one of his first acts as the nation’s new Interior Secretary, Ryan Zinke \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/order_no._3346.pdf\">overturned \u003c/a>one of the Obama Administration’s final acts, banning the use of lead bullets for hunting on wildlife refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20170129202757/https://www.fws.gov/policy/do219.html\"> ban on lead ammunition and fishing tackle\u003c/a> was enacted the day before President Obama left office, and applied to federal wildlife refuges and any other lands where the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regulates hunting and fishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Critters at Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was intended to prevent fish, birds and other animals from being poisoned by the lead left behind in carcasses, on the ground or in water. Hunting groups rallied against the ban, calling it an “\u003ca href=\"https://bearingarms.com/ba-staff/2017/01/24/obama-bids-adieu-americas-gun-owners-lead-ammo-ban/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">assault\u003c/a> on gun owners’ and sportsmans’ rights.” \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/322058-interior-secretary-repeals-ban-on-lead-ammunition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Covering the story\u003c/a> today, \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Hill\u003c/a> quoted Zinke as saying the ban was enacted without adequate public input:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“After reviewing the order and the process by which it was promulgated, I have determined that the order is not mandated by any existing statutory or regulatory requirement and was issued without significant communication, consultation or coordination with affected stakeholders,” Zinke wrote in his order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke also signed an order Thursday asking agencies within his purview to find ways to increase access to outdoor recreation on the lands they oversee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It worries me to think about hunting and fishing becoming activities for the land-owning elite,” he said in a statement. “This package of secretarial orders will expand access for outdoor enthusiasts and also make sure the community’s voice is heard.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In his confirmation hearing, Zinke made it clear that removing hurdles to hunters and anglers on federal lands would be one of his highest priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Stake\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear whether \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/to-protect-wildlife-california-bans-hunting-with-lead-bullets/\">a 2013 state ban\u003c/a> on lead ammunition will be affected by Zinke’s order. California’s law phases in rules that, by 2019, will prohibit lead ammunition for hunting all birds and mammals anywhere in the state, including on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for the state Department of Fish and Wildlife said today that agency officials feel confident the state rules will not be undone by today’s federal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law was spearheaded in large part to protect the threatened \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/11/03/condors-vs-lead-bullets/\">California condor\u003c/a>. Scientists say their recovery has been hampered by lead poisoning, because the scavengers ingest lead bullet fragments in carcasses or entrails left behind by hunters.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1446778/trump-administration-revokes-lead-bullet-ban-but-californias-may-hold","authors":["235"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_1574","science_3221","science_261","science_819"],"featImg":"science_1447140","label":"science"},"science_28104":{"type":"posts","id":"science_28104","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"28104","score":null,"sort":[1426212742000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"south-american-peaks-contain-2000-year-record-of-lead-in-the-air","title":"South American Peaks Contain 2000-Year Record of Lead in the Air","publishDate":1426212742,"format":"aside","headTitle":"South American Peaks Contain 2000-Year Record of Lead in the Air | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28105\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Illimani_La_Paz_April_2014.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28105\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Illimani_La_Paz_April_2014.jpg\" alt=\"Nevado Illimani, Bolivia\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nevado Illimani, in Bolivia, contains ancient ice that records the state of the atmosphere since Ice Age times. (Hernan Payrumani/Wikimedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>New data from the ancient ice of a Bolivian glacier show that this region’s worst exposure to airborne lead in the last 2000 years came not from metal smelting by the Incas or the Spaniards, but from leaded gasoline just 50 years ago. Our ill-fated experiment putting lead in gasoline appears to have tainted Earth with the toxic metal far more than any other source. Thus the 20th-century political battle over leaded gas, which put America generations behind in lowering greenhouse gases, left its mark across the whole world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientists are interested in glaciers because every year they trap samples of water, dust and gases in layers of snow and ice. Some glaciers preserve these samples for many thousands of years. The great ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland have the longest records. They yield information on volcanic eruptions near and far, ancient air temperatures and the human output over recent centuries of industrial wastes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ice records from outside the polar regions are precious and endangered, especially in the tropics. One of these records is preserved in glaciers on the 21,000-foot peak of Nevado Illimani, in Bolivia. \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/2/e1400196\">An open-access paper just published in the journal Science Advances\u003c/a> reports on 2000 years of atmospheric lead, in an ice core that was collected in 1999. The data shed light on the history of technology before and after Columbus opened the New World to Europe around 1500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolivia has always been an exceptional producer of metals—at first, silver, and later other metals like copper and nickel. Most metal ores contain lead as an impurity, so smelting releases lead-bearing dust into the air. Tiny lead-bearing particles are preserved not only in Illimani’s ice, but also in lake-bottom sediments around the region. The top 127.5 meters of Illimani ice is a record of 20 centuries of metallurgical history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28106\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Illimani-lead-graph.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28106\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Illimani-lead-graph.png\" alt=\"2000 years of lead deposition on Nevado Illimani\" width=\"500\" height=\"380\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">2000-year record of lead levels in the Illimani ice core. Lead concentration is expressed as an emission factor (EF Pb), where 1 signifies the level of natural emissions. Note that EF’s between 14 and 20 are cut out to save space. The change in emissions around 1600 resulted when the Spaniards replaced the Inca smelters, called \u003ci>huayras\u003c/i>, with mercury-based techniques. (\u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/2/e1400196\">Science Advances\u003c/a>/CC BY-NC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>First came the wealthy Tiwanaku and Wari cultures, which smelted silver between the years 450 and 950. Lead levels rose to double the natural average at this time. A three-century-long drought replaced these empires with “decentralized polities,” and lead levels fell until the Incas took up silver mining again, starting around 1450. When the Spanish conquistadors toppled the Incas in 1532, Bolivia became the Saudi Arabia of silver, with lead emissions rising to four times background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long silver boom ended with the 1700s. Then came the tin boom of the 1900s, when Bolivia was consistently among the top three producers of that important metal. Tin ores, like silver ores, contain lead as a contaminant, and the ice bore witness to lead pollution as much as six times background, well above any previous extreme since the year zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As tin faded, copper and nickel mining kept lead levels well above background in the Illimani ice record. But lead pollution rose three times over even these unprecedented levels when lead was deliberately added to gasoline, peaking in the 1960s and finally ending in the early 2000s. Excess lead is recorded in the Greenland and Antarctic ice caps too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You could argue that mining of tin, copper and nickel helps civilization far more than the harm it may cause from lead emissions. But how did we come to think it was a good idea to spray poisonous lead out of every tailpipe in the world?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhistory.org/billkovarik/about-bk/research/henry-ford-charles-kettering-and-the-fuel-of-the-future/\">A meticulous history of leaded fuel\u003c/a> by Professor Bill Kovarik, of Unity College, shows that in a pitched battle between American oil drillers and grain farmers in the 1920s, tetra-ethyl lead (“ethyl”) was a key weapon. Gasoline engines were prone to “knock” and the fuel supply came increasingly from foreign oil wells. Ethanol had domestic sources and was immune to knock. But ethyl enabled gasoline engines to avoid knock, if you didn’t mind putting toxic lead in the exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kovaric shows that major actors like General Motors and the American Petroleum Institute won the day in the lobbies of Congress and federal agencies. Under attack from lobbyists and Congress, agencies suppressed scientific research on ethyl’s toxicity and ethanol’s performance. The contest between gasoline and ethanol was not a fair one. “In essence,” Kovarik concluded, “political conditions shaped the marketplace and the new competition [ethanol] faced a difficult economic playing field heavily tilted toward established industries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethanol lost out to oil in the 1930s. Today it’s mounting a comeback aided by a new political factor, greenhouse gas emissions. \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es5052588\">A recent study in the journal \u003ci>Environmental Science and Technology\u003c/i>\u003c/a> compared three ethanol-producing crops—cornstalks, switchgrass and \u003ca href=\"http://www.extension.org/pages/26625/miscanthus-miscanthus-x-giganteus-for-biofuel-production\">a hybrid form of miscanthus grass\u003c/a>—and found that miscanthus, a relative of sugarcane, offers as much as three times the climate benefit of corn. This kind of analysis can influence climate policy—but only if it can win a place at the policymaking table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle for the transportation fuel market goes on. Ethanol remains handicapped by eight decades of opposition, but at least toxic lead is out of the picture.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"New data from the ancient ice of a tropical glacier shows that lead in gasoline tainted the Earth with the toxic metal far more than any other source, past or present, human or natural.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932146,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":945},"headData":{"title":"South American Peaks Contain 2000-Year Record of Lead in the Air | KQED","description":"New data from the ancient ice of a tropical glacier shows that lead in gasoline tainted the Earth with the toxic metal far more than any other source, past or present, human or natural.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"South American Peaks Contain 2000-Year Record of Lead in the Air","datePublished":"2015-03-13T02:12:22.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:15:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/28104/south-american-peaks-contain-2000-year-record-of-lead-in-the-air","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28105\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Illimani_La_Paz_April_2014.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28105\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Illimani_La_Paz_April_2014.jpg\" alt=\"Nevado Illimani, Bolivia\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nevado Illimani, in Bolivia, contains ancient ice that records the state of the atmosphere since Ice Age times. (Hernan Payrumani/Wikimedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>New data from the ancient ice of a Bolivian glacier show that this region’s worst exposure to airborne lead in the last 2000 years came not from metal smelting by the Incas or the Spaniards, but from leaded gasoline just 50 years ago. Our ill-fated experiment putting lead in gasoline appears to have tainted Earth with the toxic metal far more than any other source. Thus the 20th-century political battle over leaded gas, which put America generations behind in lowering greenhouse gases, left its mark across the whole world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientists are interested in glaciers because every year they trap samples of water, dust and gases in layers of snow and ice. Some glaciers preserve these samples for many thousands of years. The great ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland have the longest records. They yield information on volcanic eruptions near and far, ancient air temperatures and the human output over recent centuries of industrial wastes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ice records from outside the polar regions are precious and endangered, especially in the tropics. One of these records is preserved in glaciers on the 21,000-foot peak of Nevado Illimani, in Bolivia. \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/2/e1400196\">An open-access paper just published in the journal Science Advances\u003c/a> reports on 2000 years of atmospheric lead, in an ice core that was collected in 1999. The data shed light on the history of technology before and after Columbus opened the New World to Europe around 1500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolivia has always been an exceptional producer of metals—at first, silver, and later other metals like copper and nickel. Most metal ores contain lead as an impurity, so smelting releases lead-bearing dust into the air. Tiny lead-bearing particles are preserved not only in Illimani’s ice, but also in lake-bottom sediments around the region. The top 127.5 meters of Illimani ice is a record of 20 centuries of metallurgical history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28106\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Illimani-lead-graph.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28106\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Illimani-lead-graph.png\" alt=\"2000 years of lead deposition on Nevado Illimani\" width=\"500\" height=\"380\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">2000-year record of lead levels in the Illimani ice core. Lead concentration is expressed as an emission factor (EF Pb), where 1 signifies the level of natural emissions. Note that EF’s between 14 and 20 are cut out to save space. The change in emissions around 1600 resulted when the Spaniards replaced the Inca smelters, called \u003ci>huayras\u003c/i>, with mercury-based techniques. (\u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/2/e1400196\">Science Advances\u003c/a>/CC BY-NC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>First came the wealthy Tiwanaku and Wari cultures, which smelted silver between the years 450 and 950. Lead levels rose to double the natural average at this time. A three-century-long drought replaced these empires with “decentralized polities,” and lead levels fell until the Incas took up silver mining again, starting around 1450. When the Spanish conquistadors toppled the Incas in 1532, Bolivia became the Saudi Arabia of silver, with lead emissions rising to four times background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long silver boom ended with the 1700s. Then came the tin boom of the 1900s, when Bolivia was consistently among the top three producers of that important metal. Tin ores, like silver ores, contain lead as a contaminant, and the ice bore witness to lead pollution as much as six times background, well above any previous extreme since the year zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As tin faded, copper and nickel mining kept lead levels well above background in the Illimani ice record. But lead pollution rose three times over even these unprecedented levels when lead was deliberately added to gasoline, peaking in the 1960s and finally ending in the early 2000s. Excess lead is recorded in the Greenland and Antarctic ice caps too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You could argue that mining of tin, copper and nickel helps civilization far more than the harm it may cause from lead emissions. But how did we come to think it was a good idea to spray poisonous lead out of every tailpipe in the world?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhistory.org/billkovarik/about-bk/research/henry-ford-charles-kettering-and-the-fuel-of-the-future/\">A meticulous history of leaded fuel\u003c/a> by Professor Bill Kovarik, of Unity College, shows that in a pitched battle between American oil drillers and grain farmers in the 1920s, tetra-ethyl lead (“ethyl”) was a key weapon. Gasoline engines were prone to “knock” and the fuel supply came increasingly from foreign oil wells. Ethanol had domestic sources and was immune to knock. But ethyl enabled gasoline engines to avoid knock, if you didn’t mind putting toxic lead in the exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kovaric shows that major actors like General Motors and the American Petroleum Institute won the day in the lobbies of Congress and federal agencies. Under attack from lobbyists and Congress, agencies suppressed scientific research on ethyl’s toxicity and ethanol’s performance. The contest between gasoline and ethanol was not a fair one. “In essence,” Kovarik concluded, “political conditions shaped the marketplace and the new competition [ethanol] faced a difficult economic playing field heavily tilted toward established industries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethanol lost out to oil in the 1930s. Today it’s mounting a comeback aided by a new political factor, greenhouse gas emissions. \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es5052588\">A recent study in the journal \u003ci>Environmental Science and Technology\u003c/i>\u003c/a> compared three ethanol-producing crops—cornstalks, switchgrass and \u003ca href=\"http://www.extension.org/pages/26625/miscanthus-miscanthus-x-giganteus-for-biofuel-production\">a hybrid form of miscanthus grass\u003c/a>—and found that miscanthus, a relative of sugarcane, offers as much as three times the climate benefit of corn. This kind of analysis can influence climate policy—but only if it can win a place at the policymaking table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle for the transportation fuel market goes on. Ethanol remains handicapped by eight decades of opposition, but at least toxic lead is out of the picture.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/28104/south-american-peaks-contain-2000-year-record-of-lead-in-the-air","authors":["6228"],"categories":["science_31","science_38"],"tags":["science_452","science_819"],"featImg":"science_28105","label":"science"},"science_12357":{"type":"posts","id":"science_12357","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"12357","score":null,"sort":[1387910500000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sf-clothing-company-accused-of-knowingly-selling-lead-laden-products","title":"SF Clothing Company Accused of Knowingly Selling Lead-Laden Products","publishDate":1387910500,"format":"aside","headTitle":"SF Clothing Company Accused of Knowingly Selling Lead-Laden Products | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/handbags.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/handbags.jpg\" alt=\"Fake leather goods sold at stores like Forever 21 may contain high levels of lead. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Goods sold Forever 21, Charlotte Russe and Wet Seal may contain high levels of lead. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three youth-oriented clothing chains, including San Francisco-based retailer Charlotte Russe, sell products with illegal levels of lead, a neuro-toxin, according to testing done by the Oakland-based \u003ca title=\"CEH - main\" href=\"http://www.ceh.org/\">Center for Environmental Health\u003c/a> (CEH).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of the Charlotte Russe stores, a tip from an anonymous whistleblower in China suggests the company knew in advance of at least one violation, but sold the item anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">See the list of products found by CEH testing to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/fashion-accessories-chart.pdf\">contain lead\u003c/a>.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Under the California law known as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>, retailers must post warning signs if any of the products they sell contain lead. But the three retailers — Russe, Wet Seal, and Forever 21 — agreed in a \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/prop65/settlements/2009-00446S1387.pdf?\">2010 settlement\u003c/a> to a stricter provision: to remove all but trace amounts of lead from their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Russe executives, contacted by phone and at the company’s San Francisco headquarters, declined to comment. Forever 21 did not respond to inquiries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Wet Seal said that the company “ensures that its products are tested for lead and confirms passing test results before the products are shipped to stores.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12365\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/FAT2120.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12365\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12365 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/FAT2120.jpg\" alt=\"Parts of these Charlotte Russe boots contained lead levels more than 20 times the legal limit. \" width=\"329\" height=\"247\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Parts of these Charlotte Russe boots contained lead levels more than 20 times the legal limit. (CEH)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotterusse.com/product/Shoes/Boots-Booties/entity/pc/2115/c/0/sc/2656/249002.uts?colorCode=301545917_218\">pair of boots\u003c/a> sold by Charlotte Russe was found to contain 6,905 parts per million of lead, 23 times the legal limit, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thenfl.com/\">Livermore lab \u003c/a>hired by the Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cream-and-red-colored handbag bought from Forever 21 in June, 2012, contained 41,200 parts per million of lead, 137 times the legal limit, according to CEH testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead is a neurotoxin which \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002473.htm\">can damage developing brains\u003c/a> in fetuses and children, causing lower IQ, increased aggression and other behavioral problems, according to the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Environmental Health routinely tests consumer products for toxins, but, says CEH’s Research Director Carolyn Cox, the Charlotte Russe case marked the first time the organization received a tip from an anonymous source.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The Chinese lab results suggest Russe knew the shoes had toxic elements, “but they were selling the boot anyway,” says Cox.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Center’s attorneys received a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/charlotte-russe-letter.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> from an unnamed source in China. Inside was a photograph of a pair of boots made by the San Francisco-based Charlotte Russe, along with test results from a Chinese lab hired by Russe, showing that a part of the boot, a “light coffee coating” on the outsole and heel, contained 26 times the legal amount of lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cox, the Chinese lab results suggest that Charlotte Russe employees knew the shoes had toxic elements, “but they were selling the boot anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox’s colleagues ordered the boots online and ran their own testing at a California lab which found slightly higher lead levels than the Chinese lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shoppers at the three retailers are particularly at risk, says Cox, because they tend to be young, female and at or approaching childbearing age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Three youth-focused clothing chains, including San Francisco-based retailer Charlotte Russe, sell products with illegal levels of lead, according to an Oakland-based nonprofit group.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704934496,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":532},"headData":{"title":"SF Clothing Company Accused of Knowingly Selling Lead-Laden Products | KQED","description":"Three youth-focused clothing chains, including San Francisco-based retailer Charlotte Russe, sell products with illegal levels of lead, according to an Oakland-based nonprofit group.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"SF Clothing Company Accused of Knowingly Selling Lead-Laden Products","datePublished":"2013-12-24T18:41:40.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:54:56.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/12357/sf-clothing-company-accused-of-knowingly-selling-lead-laden-products","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/handbags.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/handbags.jpg\" alt=\"Fake leather goods sold at stores like Forever 21 may contain high levels of lead. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Goods sold Forever 21, Charlotte Russe and Wet Seal may contain high levels of lead. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three youth-oriented clothing chains, including San Francisco-based retailer Charlotte Russe, sell products with illegal levels of lead, a neuro-toxin, according to testing done by the Oakland-based \u003ca title=\"CEH - main\" href=\"http://www.ceh.org/\">Center for Environmental Health\u003c/a> (CEH).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of the Charlotte Russe stores, a tip from an anonymous whistleblower in China suggests the company knew in advance of at least one violation, but sold the item anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">See the list of products found by CEH testing to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/fashion-accessories-chart.pdf\">contain lead\u003c/a>.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Under the California law known as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>, retailers must post warning signs if any of the products they sell contain lead. But the three retailers — Russe, Wet Seal, and Forever 21 — agreed in a \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/prop65/settlements/2009-00446S1387.pdf?\">2010 settlement\u003c/a> to a stricter provision: to remove all but trace amounts of lead from their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Russe executives, contacted by phone and at the company’s San Francisco headquarters, declined to comment. Forever 21 did not respond to inquiries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Wet Seal said that the company “ensures that its products are tested for lead and confirms passing test results before the products are shipped to stores.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12365\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/FAT2120.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12365\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12365 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/FAT2120.jpg\" alt=\"Parts of these Charlotte Russe boots contained lead levels more than 20 times the legal limit. \" width=\"329\" height=\"247\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Parts of these Charlotte Russe boots contained lead levels more than 20 times the legal limit. (CEH)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotterusse.com/product/Shoes/Boots-Booties/entity/pc/2115/c/0/sc/2656/249002.uts?colorCode=301545917_218\">pair of boots\u003c/a> sold by Charlotte Russe was found to contain 6,905 parts per million of lead, 23 times the legal limit, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thenfl.com/\">Livermore lab \u003c/a>hired by the Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cream-and-red-colored handbag bought from Forever 21 in June, 2012, contained 41,200 parts per million of lead, 137 times the legal limit, according to CEH testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead is a neurotoxin which \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002473.htm\">can damage developing brains\u003c/a> in fetuses and children, causing lower IQ, increased aggression and other behavioral problems, according to the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Environmental Health routinely tests consumer products for toxins, but, says CEH’s Research Director Carolyn Cox, the Charlotte Russe case marked the first time the organization received a tip from an anonymous source.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The Chinese lab results suggest Russe knew the shoes had toxic elements, “but they were selling the boot anyway,” says Cox.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Center’s attorneys received a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/charlotte-russe-letter.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> from an unnamed source in China. Inside was a photograph of a pair of boots made by the San Francisco-based Charlotte Russe, along with test results from a Chinese lab hired by Russe, showing that a part of the boot, a “light coffee coating” on the outsole and heel, contained 26 times the legal amount of lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cox, the Chinese lab results suggest that Charlotte Russe employees knew the shoes had toxic elements, “but they were selling the boot anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox’s colleagues ordered the boots online and ran their own testing at a California lab which found slightly higher lead levels than the Chinese lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shoppers at the three retailers are particularly at risk, says Cox, because they tend to be young, female and at or approaching childbearing age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/12357/sf-clothing-company-accused-of-knowingly-selling-lead-laden-products","authors":["210"],"categories":["science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_819","science_813","science_381"],"featImg":"science_12395","label":"science"},"science_9917":{"type":"posts","id":"science_9917","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"9917","score":null,"sort":[1381526449000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"to-protect-wildlife-california-bans-hunting-with-lead-bullets","title":"To Protect Wildlife, California Bans Hunting With Lead Bullets","publishDate":1381526449,"format":"aside","headTitle":"To Protect Wildlife, California Bans Hunting With Lead Bullets | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9941\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Condor-VWS.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-9941\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9941\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Condor-VWS.jpg\" alt=\"Endangered California condors are among the wildlife at risk from eating lead bullets in carrion. (Tim Huntington, courtesy of the Ventana Wildlife Society)\" width=\"640\" height=\"357\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Endangered California condors are among the wildlife that can die from eating lead bullets left in carrion, according to scientific studies. (Tim Huntington/Courtesy of the Ventana Wildlife Society) \u003ccite>(Tim Huntington, courtesy of the Ventana Wildlife Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed a bill Friday that bans hunters from using lead ammunition across the state. The law, the first of its kind in the country, was spearheaded in large part to protect the threatened California condor. Scientists say their recovery is being hampered by lead poisoning, because the scavengers ingest lead bullet fragments in carcasses or gut piles left behind by hunters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a fabulous, fabulous day,” says Jennifer Fearing of the Humane Society. “We certainly do hope that California is just the first state to take this step of protecting wildlife from toxic lead ammunition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gun and hunting groups were strongly opposed to the bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 711\u003c/a>, saying that copper bullets and other lead-alternatives are often twice as expensive. “This is a way to bring a cultural attack on hunting and sportsmen and women,” said National Rifle Association attorney Chuck Michel, in June. [contextly_sidebar id=”NWWWPWKzpGLbON0eUh2iSCWHwUuReThc”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NRA and others also challenged peer-reviewed studies pointing to lead bullets as the source of lead in condors, as we covered in\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/with-condors-on-the-brink-california-considers-a-lead-bullet-ban-for-hunters/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> this KQED QUEST story\u003c/a> earlier this year:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The problem is really epidemic,” says toxicologist Myra Finkelstein. “These California condors are exposed to chronic harmful levels of lead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her lab at the University of California-Santa Cruz, Finkelstein holds up a vial with a small shard of metal: a lead bullet fragment found in the digestive system of a dead condor. “This is enough lead to poison and potentially kill a condor,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scavengers, condors will feed on any dead animal, including carcasses or partial carcasses left by hunters or ranchers. “They’ll come to eat it and they inadvertently will also ingest these fragments,” Finkelstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through tests on hundreds of condor blood samples and feathers, Finkelstein’s lab has worked to trace the source of lead. In the majority of cases, she says it matches the \u003ca href=\"http://news.ucsc.edu/2012/06/condors-and-lead.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chemical profile of lead bullets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, former Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger banned the use of \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/hunting/condor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lead bullets in hunting\u003c/a> in 1997, but only in condor territory. Condors are still showing high levels of lead, which can shut down their digestive system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It only takes one meal so that’s why the problem is so severe,” Finkelstein says.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The 70 free-flying condors on California’s central coast are routinely tested for lead poisoning. Those with high lead levels are brought to the Los Angeles Zoo for chelation treatment. The condor population has risen from just 22 condors in 1982 with the help of an intensive captive breeding program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_711_2013_Signing_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signing statement\u003c/a>, Governor Brown said the lead bullets pose a danger to wildlife, adding, “I am concerned, however, the impression left from this bill is that hunters and sportsmen and women in California are not conservationists. I know that is not the case. Hunters and anglers are the original conservationists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/to-protect-wildlife-california-bans-hunting-with-lead-bullets/condor-population/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-9925\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-9925\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/condor-population.jpg\" alt=\"condor-population\" width=\"640\" height=\"394\">\u003c/a>Gun groups had expressed concerns that copper ammunition supplies are limited because the bullets are considered to be “armor-piercing.” Governor Brown pointed to a special provision that would suspend the lead ban in the event that other bullets are banned by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead bullets will still be available in stores for use in non-hunting activities, like at shooting ranges. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife has until July 1, 2015 to write the lead ammunition regulations and the ban must be fully in place by July 2019.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Governor Jerry Brown has approved the first statewide lead bullet ban for hunters, in the hope of helping endangered California condors.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704934899,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":632},"headData":{"title":"To Protect Wildlife, California Bans Hunting With Lead Bullets | KQED","description":"Governor Jerry Brown has approved the first statewide lead bullet ban for hunters, in the hope of helping endangered California condors.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"To Protect Wildlife, California Bans Hunting With Lead Bullets","datePublished":"2013-10-11T21:20:49.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T01:01:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/9917/to-protect-wildlife-california-bans-hunting-with-lead-bullets","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9941\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Condor-VWS.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-9941\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9941\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/Condor-VWS.jpg\" alt=\"Endangered California condors are among the wildlife at risk from eating lead bullets in carrion. (Tim Huntington, courtesy of the Ventana Wildlife Society)\" width=\"640\" height=\"357\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Endangered California condors are among the wildlife that can die from eating lead bullets left in carrion, according to scientific studies. (Tim Huntington/Courtesy of the Ventana Wildlife Society) \u003ccite>(Tim Huntington, courtesy of the Ventana Wildlife Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed a bill Friday that bans hunters from using lead ammunition across the state. The law, the first of its kind in the country, was spearheaded in large part to protect the threatened California condor. Scientists say their recovery is being hampered by lead poisoning, because the scavengers ingest lead bullet fragments in carcasses or gut piles left behind by hunters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a fabulous, fabulous day,” says Jennifer Fearing of the Humane Society. “We certainly do hope that California is just the first state to take this step of protecting wildlife from toxic lead ammunition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gun and hunting groups were strongly opposed to the bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 711\u003c/a>, saying that copper bullets and other lead-alternatives are often twice as expensive. “This is a way to bring a cultural attack on hunting and sportsmen and women,” said National Rifle Association attorney Chuck Michel, in June. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NRA and others also challenged peer-reviewed studies pointing to lead bullets as the source of lead in condors, as we covered in\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/with-condors-on-the-brink-california-considers-a-lead-bullet-ban-for-hunters/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> this KQED QUEST story\u003c/a> earlier this year:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The problem is really epidemic,” says toxicologist Myra Finkelstein. “These California condors are exposed to chronic harmful levels of lead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her lab at the University of California-Santa Cruz, Finkelstein holds up a vial with a small shard of metal: a lead bullet fragment found in the digestive system of a dead condor. “This is enough lead to poison and potentially kill a condor,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scavengers, condors will feed on any dead animal, including carcasses or partial carcasses left by hunters or ranchers. “They’ll come to eat it and they inadvertently will also ingest these fragments,” Finkelstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through tests on hundreds of condor blood samples and feathers, Finkelstein’s lab has worked to trace the source of lead. In the majority of cases, she says it matches the \u003ca href=\"http://news.ucsc.edu/2012/06/condors-and-lead.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chemical profile of lead bullets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, former Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger banned the use of \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/hunting/condor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lead bullets in hunting\u003c/a> in 1997, but only in condor territory. Condors are still showing high levels of lead, which can shut down their digestive system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It only takes one meal so that’s why the problem is so severe,” Finkelstein says.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The 70 free-flying condors on California’s central coast are routinely tested for lead poisoning. Those with high lead levels are brought to the Los Angeles Zoo for chelation treatment. The condor population has risen from just 22 condors in 1982 with the help of an intensive captive breeding program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_711_2013_Signing_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signing statement\u003c/a>, Governor Brown said the lead bullets pose a danger to wildlife, adding, “I am concerned, however, the impression left from this bill is that hunters and sportsmen and women in California are not conservationists. I know that is not the case. Hunters and anglers are the original conservationists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/to-protect-wildlife-california-bans-hunting-with-lead-bullets/condor-population/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-9925\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-9925\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/condor-population.jpg\" alt=\"condor-population\" width=\"640\" height=\"394\">\u003c/a>Gun groups had expressed concerns that copper ammunition supplies are limited because the bullets are considered to be “armor-piercing.” Governor Brown pointed to a special provision that would suspend the lead ban in the event that other bullets are banned by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead bullets will still be available in stores for use in non-hunting activities, like at shooting ranges. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife has until July 1, 2015 to write the lead ammunition regulations and the ban must be fully in place by July 2019.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/9917/to-protect-wildlife-california-bans-hunting-with-lead-bullets","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_30","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_261","science_101","science_819","science_804"],"featImg":"science_9941","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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