James Webb space telescopeJames Webb space telescope
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Prior to joining KQED Science, Sarah worked in a brand new role as Digital Marketing Strategist at WPSU Penn State.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"sarahkmohamad","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"about","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sarah Mohamad | KQED","description":"Engagement Producer and Reporter, KQED 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href=\"https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2023/07/Herbig-Haro_46_47_NIRCam_image_annotated\">The photo\u003c/a> — which is actually a composite of a half-dozen infrared images — went viral on social media sites like \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/latestinspace/status/1688563643762233344\">X (formerly Twitter\u003c/a>) and \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Damnthatsinteresting/comments/15ktn5d/nasas_james_webb_telescope_has_spotted_a_giant/\">Reddit \u003c/a>after the European Space Agency (one of the three agencies behind the telescope) shared it late last month, prompting the \u003ca href=\"https://news.abs-cbn.com/spotlight/08/11/23/james-webb-space-telescope-finds-question-mark-in-space\">ESA to clarify\u003c/a> weeks later that “it’s not a hoax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The aliens know we’ve found them and now they’re just messing with us,” one Reddit user wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo shows a tightly bound pair of young stars known as Herbig-Haro 46/47, surrounded by a disc of gas and dust, and dotted by distant galaxies and stars in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983969\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983969\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/screenshot-2023-08-16-at-21.15.43-26af1c5c8f40ea765418b617974d3c8c771a5aae-800x600.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/screenshot-2023-08-16-at-21.15.43-26af1c5c8f40ea765418b617974d3c8c771a5aae-800x600.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/screenshot-2023-08-16-at-21.15.43-26af1c5c8f40ea765418b617974d3c8c771a5aae-160x120.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/screenshot-2023-08-16-at-21.15.43-26af1c5c8f40ea765418b617974d3c8c771a5aae-768x576.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/screenshot-2023-08-16-at-21.15.43-26af1c5c8f40ea765418b617974d3c8c771a5aae.png 945w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new photo from the James Webb Space Telescope shows a tightly bound pair of actively forming stars (at the center of the red spikes). But many people are more curious about the question mark-shaped structure highlighted at the bottom middle of the frame. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA, ESA, CSA, J. DePasquale (STScI))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>ESA says Herbig-Haro 46/47 is important to study because it’s “only a few thousand years old” — and since stars take millions of years to form, its young age offers researchers a chance to observe how stars gather mass over time (and to potentially model the formation of one of the most famous stars, the sun).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, scientists acknowledge, it’s not the only notable formation in the photo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macarena Garcia Marin, a Webb project scientist with the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore (which manages the telescope’s science operations), told NPR in an email that the question mark is “a great example of how, with Webb, no matter what you are looking at, you can have surprises in the background.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she has at least one theory for why it’s resonating so much with people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we all enjoy finding familiar shapes in the sky; that creates a deep connection between our human-experience and language in this case (a question mark!) and the beauty of the Universe surrounding us,” Garcia Marin writes. “I think this exemplifies the human need for exploration and wonder, and to me it brings the question of how many other interesting objects are out there waiting to be explored with Webb!”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So what exactly is it?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the punctuation-shaped object appears to be two or more \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/topic/galaxies-merging-and-interacting\">galaxies merging\u003c/a> — the \u003ca href=\"https://academic-accelerator.com/encyclopedia/galaxy-merger\">intense process\u003c/a> through which galaxies collide (the Milky Way itself is the byproduct of one such merger).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like a group or a chance alignment of 2 or 3 galaxies,” Kai Noeske, ESA communication program officer, said over email. “The upper part of the question mark looks like a distorted spiral galaxy, maybe merging with a second galaxy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ESA study scientist Nora Luetzgendorf says that while it’s too far away to say for sure, the arc of the question mark likely comes from the tidal interaction between the galaxies, “and the dot might as well be just a smaller spherical galaxy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galaxy mergers are actually a very common astrophysical phenomenon, she adds — even our own galaxy is interacting with its neighbor, the Andromeda galaxy. Garcia Marin similarly calls them “a normal phase in the life and evolution of galaxies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean we see them very often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “all about projection,” Garcia Marin explains. She says the reason we see the galaxies in a question mark shape is a result of both the angle with which they have encountered each other and our own point of view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This ‘question mark’ shape figure perfectly exemplifies projection effects when looking at the sky,” she adds. “What we measure is a 2D image of a Universe that is filled with objects spanning time and space. We see their projection; that ?-shaped object is much further away from us than HH 46/47 and it does not have a direct impact on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she does note one interesting connection between the two phenomena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, she says, the process of galaxies interacting with each other can trigger the formation of stars — “and objects like HH 46/47, the main subject of the image, could be born.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What can it teach us?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983970\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1983970 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-800x764.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"764\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-800x764.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-1020x974.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-160x153.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-768x733.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-1536x1466.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-2048x1955.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-1920x1833.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image released by NASA last summer shows Stephan’s Quintet as captured by the Webb telescope. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Galaxy mergers generate “all kinds of beautiful shapes and structures,” Garcia Marin says — especially depending on the angle from which they are perceived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example is \u003ca href=\"https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2022/034/01G7F6AWJNTF1G0ZWP5ESGSFXF\">Stephan’s Quintet\u003c/a>, a visual grouping of five close-together galaxies located in the constellation Pegasus. It was one of the first \u003ca href=\"https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2022/034/01G7DA5ADA2WDSK1JJPQ0PTG4A\">images released from the Webb telescope\u003c/a> last summer, showing a swirling cluster of stars and sweeping tails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luetzgendorf says images of some of the interacting galaxies closer by (relatively speaking), like the Whirlpool galaxy and Antennae galaxies, bear some resemblance to the structure people are talking about now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see the similarities and how from a different perspective and from farther away, this might look like a question mark,” she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983971\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983971\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-800x794.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"794\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-800x794.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-1020x1012.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-160x159.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-768x762.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-1536x1524.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-2048x2032.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-1920x1905.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This image made by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope shows the Antennae galaxies, formerly separate galaxies that have spent the last few hundred million years intertwining with one another. \u003ccite>(AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Given that mergers are relatively common, and the new photos are really focused on the growing stars, is there anything new we can learn from the question mark hidden within? Garcia Marin thinks so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this is a galaxy merger,” she says, “its relevance would be to see how it fits in what we know about mergers and their importance for galaxy evolution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=People+are+freaking+out+over+a+question+mark+seen+in+space.+Scientists+can+explain&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A stunning new image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows a pair of actively forming stars. But many people are more curious about the tiny question mark visible toward the bottom of the frame.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845923,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1069},"headData":{"title":"James Webb Telescope Captures Cosmic 'Question Mark' in Deep Space | KQED","description":"A stunning new image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows a pair of actively forming stars. But many people are more curious about the tiny question mark visible toward the bottom of the frame.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/","sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/776048102/rachel-treisman\">Rachel Treisman\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":" NASA, ESA, CSA, J. DePasquale ","nprStoryId":"1194212940","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1194212940&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/17/1194212940/question-mark-space-webb-telescope-photo?ft=nprml&f=1194212940","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 17 Aug 2023 05:02:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 17 Aug 2023 05:02:31 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 17 Aug 2023 05:02:31 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1983967/james-webb-telescope-captures-cosmic-question-mark-in-deep-space","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope recently captured a stunning new image of what scientists call a pair of actively forming stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But eagle-eyed viewers were quick to seize on an even tinier — and to some, more intriguing — detail at the very bottom of the frame: an orange formation in the unmistakable shape of a question mark, tail and all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2023/07/Herbig-Haro_46_47_NIRCam_image_annotated\">The photo\u003c/a> — which is actually a composite of a half-dozen infrared images — went viral on social media sites like \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/latestinspace/status/1688563643762233344\">X (formerly Twitter\u003c/a>) and \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Damnthatsinteresting/comments/15ktn5d/nasas_james_webb_telescope_has_spotted_a_giant/\">Reddit \u003c/a>after the European Space Agency (one of the three agencies behind the telescope) shared it late last month, prompting the \u003ca href=\"https://news.abs-cbn.com/spotlight/08/11/23/james-webb-space-telescope-finds-question-mark-in-space\">ESA to clarify\u003c/a> weeks later that “it’s not a hoax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The aliens know we’ve found them and now they’re just messing with us,” one Reddit user wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo shows a tightly bound pair of young stars known as Herbig-Haro 46/47, surrounded by a disc of gas and dust, and dotted by distant galaxies and stars in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983969\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983969\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/screenshot-2023-08-16-at-21.15.43-26af1c5c8f40ea765418b617974d3c8c771a5aae-800x600.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/screenshot-2023-08-16-at-21.15.43-26af1c5c8f40ea765418b617974d3c8c771a5aae-800x600.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/screenshot-2023-08-16-at-21.15.43-26af1c5c8f40ea765418b617974d3c8c771a5aae-160x120.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/screenshot-2023-08-16-at-21.15.43-26af1c5c8f40ea765418b617974d3c8c771a5aae-768x576.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/screenshot-2023-08-16-at-21.15.43-26af1c5c8f40ea765418b617974d3c8c771a5aae.png 945w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new photo from the James Webb Space Telescope shows a tightly bound pair of actively forming stars (at the center of the red spikes). But many people are more curious about the question mark-shaped structure highlighted at the bottom middle of the frame. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA, ESA, CSA, J. DePasquale (STScI))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>ESA says Herbig-Haro 46/47 is important to study because it’s “only a few thousand years old” — and since stars take millions of years to form, its young age offers researchers a chance to observe how stars gather mass over time (and to potentially model the formation of one of the most famous stars, the sun).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, scientists acknowledge, it’s not the only notable formation in the photo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macarena Garcia Marin, a Webb project scientist with the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore (which manages the telescope’s science operations), told NPR in an email that the question mark is “a great example of how, with Webb, no matter what you are looking at, you can have surprises in the background.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she has at least one theory for why it’s resonating so much with people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we all enjoy finding familiar shapes in the sky; that creates a deep connection between our human-experience and language in this case (a question mark!) and the beauty of the Universe surrounding us,” Garcia Marin writes. “I think this exemplifies the human need for exploration and wonder, and to me it brings the question of how many other interesting objects are out there waiting to be explored with Webb!”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So what exactly is it?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the punctuation-shaped object appears to be two or more \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/topic/galaxies-merging-and-interacting\">galaxies merging\u003c/a> — the \u003ca href=\"https://academic-accelerator.com/encyclopedia/galaxy-merger\">intense process\u003c/a> through which galaxies collide (the Milky Way itself is the byproduct of one such merger).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like a group or a chance alignment of 2 or 3 galaxies,” Kai Noeske, ESA communication program officer, said over email. “The upper part of the question mark looks like a distorted spiral galaxy, maybe merging with a second galaxy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ESA study scientist Nora Luetzgendorf says that while it’s too far away to say for sure, the arc of the question mark likely comes from the tidal interaction between the galaxies, “and the dot might as well be just a smaller spherical galaxy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galaxy mergers are actually a very common astrophysical phenomenon, she adds — even our own galaxy is interacting with its neighbor, the Andromeda galaxy. Garcia Marin similarly calls them “a normal phase in the life and evolution of galaxies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean we see them very often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “all about projection,” Garcia Marin explains. She says the reason we see the galaxies in a question mark shape is a result of both the angle with which they have encountered each other and our own point of view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This ‘question mark’ shape figure perfectly exemplifies projection effects when looking at the sky,” she adds. “What we measure is a 2D image of a Universe that is filled with objects spanning time and space. We see their projection; that ?-shaped object is much further away from us than HH 46/47 and it does not have a direct impact on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she does note one interesting connection between the two phenomena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, she says, the process of galaxies interacting with each other can trigger the formation of stars — “and objects like HH 46/47, the main subject of the image, could be born.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What can it teach us?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983970\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1983970 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-800x764.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"764\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-800x764.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-1020x974.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-160x153.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-768x733.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-1536x1466.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-2048x1955.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22193546501073_custom-3adf5f7fe104fd24d17698c09feb39e227780f4b-1920x1833.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image released by NASA last summer shows Stephan’s Quintet as captured by the Webb telescope. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Galaxy mergers generate “all kinds of beautiful shapes and structures,” Garcia Marin says — especially depending on the angle from which they are perceived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example is \u003ca href=\"https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2022/034/01G7F6AWJNTF1G0ZWP5ESGSFXF\">Stephan’s Quintet\u003c/a>, a visual grouping of five close-together galaxies located in the constellation Pegasus. It was one of the first \u003ca href=\"https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2022/034/01G7DA5ADA2WDSK1JJPQ0PTG4A\">images released from the Webb telescope\u003c/a> last summer, showing a swirling cluster of stars and sweeping tails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luetzgendorf says images of some of the interacting galaxies closer by (relatively speaking), like the Whirlpool galaxy and Antennae galaxies, bear some resemblance to the structure people are talking about now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see the similarities and how from a different perspective and from farther away, this might look like a question mark,” she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983971\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1983971\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-800x794.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"794\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-800x794.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-1020x1012.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-160x159.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-768x762.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-1536x1524.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-2048x2032.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/08/ap22488019950_custom-5939419ee7fadb303ec3726ffbf4d3cdd66dae80-1920x1905.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This image made by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope shows the Antennae galaxies, formerly separate galaxies that have spent the last few hundred million years intertwining with one another. \u003ccite>(AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Given that mergers are relatively common, and the new photos are really focused on the growing stars, is there anything new we can learn from the question mark hidden within? Garcia Marin thinks so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this is a galaxy merger,” she says, “its relevance would be to see how it fits in what we know about mergers and their importance for galaxy evolution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=People+are+freaking+out+over+a+question+mark+seen+in+space.+Scientists+can+explain&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1983967/james-webb-telescope-captures-cosmic-question-mark-in-deep-space","authors":["byline_science_1983967"],"categories":["science_28","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_5186","science_577","science_3416"],"featImg":"science_1983968","label":"source_science_1983967"},"science_1981261":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1981261","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1981261","score":null,"sort":[1673553337000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasas-webb-telescope-has-discovered-its-first-exoplanet","title":"NASA's Webb Telescope Has Discovered Its First Exoplanet","publishDate":1673553337,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NASA’s Webb Telescope Has Discovered Its First Exoplanet | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>NASA’s Webb telescope has discovered an exoplanet, which is any planet that is outside of our solar system, for the first time, the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/nasa-s-webb-confirms-its-first-exoplanet\">announced Wednesday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planet, called LHS 475 b, is nearly the same size as Earth, having 99% of our planet’s diameter, scientists said. However, it is several hundred degrees hotter than Earth and completes its orbit around its star in two days. LHS 475 b is in the constellation Octans and is 41 light-years away, which is relatively nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are still trying to determine if the planet has an atmosphere. It’s possible LHS 475 b has no atmosphere or one made completely out of carbon dioxide, but one option can be totally eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some terrestrial-type atmospheres that we can rule out,” said Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, a researcher at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Marylan. “It can’t have a thick methane-dominated atmosphere, similar to that of Saturn’s moon Titan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers were scanning the skies using NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) when they came across the exoplanet, and used the Webb’s spectrograph technology to further investigate. Spectrographs transmit light from an object to a spectrum, which can give information about the object’s temperature, mass and chemical composition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These first observational results from an Earth-size, rocky planet open the door to many future possibilities for studying rocky planet atmospheres with Webb,” said Mark Clampin, astrophysics division director at NASA headquarters in D.C. “Webb is bringing us closer and closer to a new understanding of Earth-like worlds outside our solar system, and the mission is only just getting started.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NASA%27s+Webb+telescope+has+discovered+its+first+exoplanet&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The exoplanet was found using a satellite and spectrography. It has a similar size as Earth, but is much hotter and completes its orbit around its star in two days.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846115,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":309},"headData":{"title":"NASA's Webb Telescope Has Discovered Its First Exoplanet | KQED","description":"The exoplanet was found using a satellite and spectrography. It has a similar size as Earth, but is much hotter and completes its orbit around its star in two days.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Laura Betz","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/1086018718/ayana-archie\">Ayana Archie\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"1148626359","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1148626359&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/12/1148626359/nasa-webb-telescope-exoplanet?ft=nprml&f=1148626359","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 12 Jan 2023 03:15:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 12 Jan 2023 03:14:13 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 12 Jan 2023 03:15:25 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1981261/nasas-webb-telescope-has-discovered-its-first-exoplanet","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NASA’s Webb telescope has discovered an exoplanet, which is any planet that is outside of our solar system, for the first time, the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/nasa-s-webb-confirms-its-first-exoplanet\">announced Wednesday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planet, called LHS 475 b, is nearly the same size as Earth, having 99% of our planet’s diameter, scientists said. However, it is several hundred degrees hotter than Earth and completes its orbit around its star in two days. LHS 475 b is in the constellation Octans and is 41 light-years away, which is relatively nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are still trying to determine if the planet has an atmosphere. It’s possible LHS 475 b has no atmosphere or one made completely out of carbon dioxide, but one option can be totally eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some terrestrial-type atmospheres that we can rule out,” said Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, a researcher at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Marylan. “It can’t have a thick methane-dominated atmosphere, similar to that of Saturn’s moon Titan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers were scanning the skies using NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) when they came across the exoplanet, and used the Webb’s spectrograph technology to further investigate. Spectrographs transmit light from an object to a spectrum, which can give information about the object’s temperature, mass and chemical composition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These first observational results from an Earth-size, rocky planet open the door to many future possibilities for studying rocky planet atmospheres with Webb,” said Mark Clampin, astrophysics division director at NASA headquarters in D.C. “Webb is bringing us closer and closer to a new understanding of Earth-like worlds outside our solar system, and the mission is only just getting started.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NASA%27s+Webb+telescope+has+discovered+its+first+exoplanet&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1981261/nasas-webb-telescope-has-discovered-its-first-exoplanet","authors":["byline_science_1981261"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_19","science_5186","science_577"],"featImg":"science_1981262","label":"source_science_1981261"},"science_1981001":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1981001","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1981001","score":null,"sort":[1671231644000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-best-space-accomplishments-2022","title":"The 5 Most Out-of-This-World Space Accomplishments of 2022","publishDate":1671231644,"format":"image","headTitle":"The 5 Most Out-of-This-World Space Accomplishments of 2022 | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>This year the most powerful space telescope ever assembled brought us breathtaking images of galaxies from billions of years ago. We kick-started the first moon mission in 50 years and altered the orbit of a planetary object for the first time ever. Here’s a recap of some of the best space accomplishments of 2022, according to KQED’s Danielle Venton, and Ben Burress, astronomer with Chabot Space and Science Center and longtime contributor to KQED’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. James Webb telescope released spectacular images of nebulae and galaxies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s been almost a year since Webb, the largest-ever space telescope, launched and began sending back spectacular images of the cosmos. And since July, we’ve been stunned by images of fledgling stars and the ancient universe, taking us as far back as 400 million years after the big bang. The Webb telescope has revealed the complexity of distant galaxies, observed extrasolar planets and detected the presence of water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmospheres of two exoplanets — telltales of possible life beyond Earth. From Jupiter’s aurora, Neptune’s rings and Saturn’s moon to merging galaxies, \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasawebbtelescope/albums/72177720301006030\">here’s a collection of some fascinating Webb images\u003c/a> that awed us this year. —\u003cem> Danielle Venton and Ben Burress\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981005\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981005\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-800x432.png\" alt=\"Dozens of previously hidden jets and outflows from young stars are revealed in this new image of the Cosmic Cliffs from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam). This image separates out several wavelengths of light from the First Image revealed on July 12, 2022, which highlight molecular hydrogen, a vital ingredient for star formation. Insets on the right-hand side highlight three regions of the Cosmic Cliffs with particularly active molecular hydrogen outflows.\" width=\"800\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-800x432.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-1020x550.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-160x86.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-768x414.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-1536x829.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-1920x1036.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o.png 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dozens of previously hidden jets and outflows from young stars are revealed in this new image of the Cosmic Cliffs from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam). This image separates out several wavelengths of light from the first image revealed on July 12, 2022, which highlight molecular hydrogen, a vital ingredient for star formation. Insets on the right-hand side highlight three regions of the Cosmic Cliffs with particularly active molecular hydrogen outflows. \u003ccite>(NASA, ESA, CSA and STScI/Image processing by J. DePasquale of STScI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>2. NASA’s DART mission crashed a spacecraft into an asteroid\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In September, NASA crashed a 1,200-pound spacecraft into an asteroid system called Didymos to test the possibility of deflecting an asteroid headed for earth. The goal of the mission was to change the trajectory of the asteroid by giving it a little nudge, pushing it off course and away from Earth. NASA announced that the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (or DART) mission, the first test of its kind, successfully altered the orbit of the asteroid by 32 minutes, giving scientists hope for the future of planetary defense of Earth.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Ben Burress\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"DART's Impact with Asteroid Dimorphos (Official NASA Broadcast)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/4RA8Tfa6Sck?start=4238&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Artemis kick-starts mission to the moon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NASA’s launch of Artemis 1 in November revived the space agency’s “Moon to Mars” initiative by sending the Orion, an uncrewed spacecraft, to orbit the moon for six weeks. On Dec. 11, the capsule returned from its flight around the moon, splashing down a few hundred miles south of San Diego. The success of Artemis 1 will lay the foundation for the next stages of the Artemis program, which will rely on SpaceX, Elon Musk’s rocket company, to build a moon lander for astronauts. The Artemis program aims to return humans to the moon in 2025 to learn about how humans can survive in space. \u003cem>— Danielle Venton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA’s Artemis I Mission Splashes Down in Pacific Ocean\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xzZPzmMtQA8?start=6546&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Black hole: Images and sounds\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In May, an international team of astrophysicists and researchers working with the Event Horizon Telescope successfully \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979313/this-is-the-first-image-of-the-black-hole-at-the-heart-of-the-milky-way\">captured the first image of our galaxy’s central, supermassive black hole\u003c/a>. They did this by positioning eight observatories around the world, working together as one huge radio telescope. The discovery comes three years after the team released the first-ever image of a black hole in the center of galaxy Messier 87. In other black hole news, we also heard, for the first time, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1980297/listen-to-the-deepest-musical-note-in-the-known-universe\">the sounds of a black hole in the Perseus cluster\u003c/a> in the eeriness of the sound waves carried through hot gasses in the galaxy. \u003cem>— Ben Burress\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://omny.fm/shows/kqed-segmented-audio/audible-cosmos-black-hole-sounds-v2-17luf-mp3/embed?style=Cover\" width=\"100%\" height=\"180\" allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. China sends astronauts to its very own space station\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In November, China sent Fei Junlong, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu on the Shenzhou 15 mission to their recently completed, three-module space station called Tiangong. During this six-month mission, the taikonauts, as the Chinese call astronauts, will conduct three or four spacewalks and more than 100 experiments. The Tiangong, which means “celestial palace” in Mandarin, is the second space station in orbit next to the International Space Station.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>—Danielle Venton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Shenzhou 15 crew enters Chinese space station after docking\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/jZ6lAhZnkeM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are some of the space and astronomy news you’re looking forward to in 2023?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10237.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Here’s a recap of some of the best space accomplishments of 2022.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846129,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":778},"headData":{"title":"The 5 Most Out-of-This-World Space Accomplishments of 2022 | KQED","description":"Here’s a recap of some of the best space accomplishments of 2022.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1981001/the-best-space-accomplishments-2022","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This year the most powerful space telescope ever assembled brought us breathtaking images of galaxies from billions of years ago. We kick-started the first moon mission in 50 years and altered the orbit of a planetary object for the first time ever. Here’s a recap of some of the best space accomplishments of 2022, according to KQED’s Danielle Venton, and Ben Burress, astronomer with Chabot Space and Science Center and longtime contributor to KQED’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. James Webb telescope released spectacular images of nebulae and galaxies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s been almost a year since Webb, the largest-ever space telescope, launched and began sending back spectacular images of the cosmos. And since July, we’ve been stunned by images of fledgling stars and the ancient universe, taking us as far back as 400 million years after the big bang. The Webb telescope has revealed the complexity of distant galaxies, observed extrasolar planets and detected the presence of water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmospheres of two exoplanets — telltales of possible life beyond Earth. From Jupiter’s aurora, Neptune’s rings and Saturn’s moon to merging galaxies, \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasawebbtelescope/albums/72177720301006030\">here’s a collection of some fascinating Webb images\u003c/a> that awed us this year. —\u003cem> Danielle Venton and Ben Burress\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1981005\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1981005\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-800x432.png\" alt=\"Dozens of previously hidden jets and outflows from young stars are revealed in this new image of the Cosmic Cliffs from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam). This image separates out several wavelengths of light from the First Image revealed on July 12, 2022, which highlight molecular hydrogen, a vital ingredient for star formation. Insets on the right-hand side highlight three regions of the Cosmic Cliffs with particularly active molecular hydrogen outflows.\" width=\"800\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-800x432.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-1020x550.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-160x86.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-768x414.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-1536x829.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o-1920x1036.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/12/52565832838_d2d73bb5ed_o.png 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dozens of previously hidden jets and outflows from young stars are revealed in this new image of the Cosmic Cliffs from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam). This image separates out several wavelengths of light from the first image revealed on July 12, 2022, which highlight molecular hydrogen, a vital ingredient for star formation. Insets on the right-hand side highlight three regions of the Cosmic Cliffs with particularly active molecular hydrogen outflows. \u003ccite>(NASA, ESA, CSA and STScI/Image processing by J. DePasquale of STScI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>2. NASA’s DART mission crashed a spacecraft into an asteroid\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In September, NASA crashed a 1,200-pound spacecraft into an asteroid system called Didymos to test the possibility of deflecting an asteroid headed for earth. The goal of the mission was to change the trajectory of the asteroid by giving it a little nudge, pushing it off course and away from Earth. NASA announced that the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (or DART) mission, the first test of its kind, successfully altered the orbit of the asteroid by 32 minutes, giving scientists hope for the future of planetary defense of Earth.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Ben Burress\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"DART's Impact with Asteroid Dimorphos (Official NASA Broadcast)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/4RA8Tfa6Sck?start=4238&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Artemis kick-starts mission to the moon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NASA’s launch of Artemis 1 in November revived the space agency’s “Moon to Mars” initiative by sending the Orion, an uncrewed spacecraft, to orbit the moon for six weeks. On Dec. 11, the capsule returned from its flight around the moon, splashing down a few hundred miles south of San Diego. The success of Artemis 1 will lay the foundation for the next stages of the Artemis program, which will rely on SpaceX, Elon Musk’s rocket company, to build a moon lander for astronauts. The Artemis program aims to return humans to the moon in 2025 to learn about how humans can survive in space. \u003cem>— Danielle Venton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA’s Artemis I Mission Splashes Down in Pacific Ocean\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xzZPzmMtQA8?start=6546&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Black hole: Images and sounds\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In May, an international team of astrophysicists and researchers working with the Event Horizon Telescope successfully \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979313/this-is-the-first-image-of-the-black-hole-at-the-heart-of-the-milky-way\">captured the first image of our galaxy’s central, supermassive black hole\u003c/a>. They did this by positioning eight observatories around the world, working together as one huge radio telescope. The discovery comes three years after the team released the first-ever image of a black hole in the center of galaxy Messier 87. In other black hole news, we also heard, for the first time, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1980297/listen-to-the-deepest-musical-note-in-the-known-universe\">the sounds of a black hole in the Perseus cluster\u003c/a> in the eeriness of the sound waves carried through hot gasses in the galaxy. \u003cem>— Ben Burress\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://omny.fm/shows/kqed-segmented-audio/audible-cosmos-black-hole-sounds-v2-17luf-mp3/embed?style=Cover\" width=\"100%\" height=\"180\" allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. China sends astronauts to its very own space station\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In November, China sent Fei Junlong, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu on the Shenzhou 15 mission to their recently completed, three-module space station called Tiangong. During this six-month mission, the taikonauts, as the Chinese call astronauts, will conduct three or four spacewalks and more than 100 experiments. The Tiangong, which means “celestial palace” in Mandarin, is the second space station in orbit next to the International Space Station.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>—Danielle Venton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Shenzhou 15 crew enters Chinese space station after docking\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/jZ6lAhZnkeM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are some of the space and astronomy news you’re looking forward to in 2023?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"hearken","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10237.js","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1981001/the-best-space-accomplishments-2022","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_28","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_144","science_1502","science_5186"],"featImg":"science_1981002","label":"source_science_1981001"},"science_1980484":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1980484","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1980484","score":null,"sort":[1666292156000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hubbles-1995-image-of-a-star-nursery-was-amazing-take-a-look-at-nasas-new-version","title":"Hubble’s 1995 Image of a Star Nursery Was Amazing. Take a Look at NASA’s New Version","publishDate":1666292156,"format":"image","headTitle":"Hubble’s 1995 Image of a Star Nursery Was Amazing. Take a Look at NASA’s New Version | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Nearly 30 years ago, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope captured the first image of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/05/01/403567453/pillars-of-creation-may-be-gone-in-an-eye-blink-in-cosmic-time\">the Pillars of Creation\u003c/a> — the iconic star nursery featuring thick pillars of gas and dust. Now, the new James Webb Space Telescope has captured NASA’s most detailed image of the landscape that is helping scientists better understand how stars form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980485\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980485\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-800x1386.png\" alt=\"The Pillars of Creation as captured by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope look like arches and spires and are filled with semi-transparent gas and dust. This is a region where young stars are forming.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1386\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-800x1386.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-160x277.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-768x1330.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-887x1536.png 887w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498.png 985w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Pillars of Creation as captured by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope look like arches and spires and are filled with semi-transparent gas and dust. This is a region where young stars are forming. \u003ccite>(NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The James Webb telescope, billed as the successor to the aging Hubble, is\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/16/1036600340/nasa-is-launching-a-new-telescope-that-could-offer-some-cosmic-eye-candy\"> optimized to see near- and mid-infrared light\u003c/a> invisible to people, allowing it to peer through dust that can obscure stars and other objects in Hubble images. While James Webb’s infrared eyes were \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-takes-star-filled-portrait-of-pillars-of-creation\">not able to pierce through\u003c/a> a mix of gas and dust in the Pillars of Creation, its new view will help scientists identify more precise counts of newly formed stars, and the amount of gas and dust in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.stsci.edu/~pontoppi/#about\">Klaus Pontoppidan,\u003c/a> a project scientist working on the James Webb, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/pontoppi/status/1582745751318253569\">wrote\u003c/a> on Twitter that the team wanted to capture the Pillars of Creation using the new space telescope after seeing popular demand for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nebula, M16, is located right in the plane of the Milky Way; there are just so many stars!” Pontoppidan wrote. “This image was taken in exactly the same way as the cosmic cliffs, and covers an area the same size on the sky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980486\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-800x450.png\" alt=\"The left picture shows the Pillars of Creation as shot by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995. The right picture shows the landscape as shot by the James Webb telescope in 2022.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-800x450.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-768x432.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6.png 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The left picture shows the Pillars of Creation as shot by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995. The right picture shows the landscape as shot by the James Webb telescope in 2022. \u003ccite>(NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://astrokirsten.com.au/\">Kirsten Banks\u003c/a>, an astrophysicist and science communicator, praised James Webb for revisiting the Pillars of Creation and giving scientists more precise data to learn from about the formation of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only are there obvious stars speckled in every nook and cranny of this image, but if you look closely at the tips of the pillars, you can see this fiery redness,” Banks said in a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AstroKirsten/status/1582884846526873601\">Twitter video\u003c/a>. “It looks like a volcano spitting lava.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The red spots at the edges of some pillars come from \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-takes-star-filled-portrait-of-pillars-of-creation\">young stars\u003c/a>, estimated to be a few hundred thousand years old, that shoot out supersonic jets which excite surrounding hydrogen molecules and create the crimson glow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before James Webb’s success, the telescope had to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/26/1113707352/the-long-and-winding-journey-of-the-james-webb-space-telescope\">endure\u003c/a> more than 20 years of technical difficulties, cost overruns, delays, and threats from Congress to kill it altogether. Critics were skeptical of its large size, the Webb’s primary mirror boasting \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/hubble-vs-webb-on-the-shoulders-of-a-giant\">six times more light collecting area\u003c/a> than that of the Hubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hubble%27s+1995+image+of+a+star+nursery+was+amazing.+Take+a+look+at+NASA%27s+new+version&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The James Webb Space Telescope has captured NASA's most detailed image of the Pillars of Creation that is helping scientists better understand how stars form.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846175,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":508},"headData":{"title":"Hubble’s 1995 Image of a Star Nursery Was Amazing. Take a Look at NASA’s New Version | KQED","description":"The James Webb Space Telescope has captured NASA's most detailed image of the Pillars of Creation that is helping scientists better understand how stars form.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Ashley Ahn","nprImageAgency":"NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI)","nprStoryId":"1130188178","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1130188178&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/20/1130188178/james-webb-telescope-photo-pillars-creation-stars?ft=nprml&f=1130188178","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 20 Oct 2022 13:50:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 20 Oct 2022 13:50:58 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 20 Oct 2022 13:50:58 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/science/1980484/hubbles-1995-image-of-a-star-nursery-was-amazing-take-a-look-at-nasas-new-version","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nearly 30 years ago, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope captured the first image of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/05/01/403567453/pillars-of-creation-may-be-gone-in-an-eye-blink-in-cosmic-time\">the Pillars of Creation\u003c/a> — the iconic star nursery featuring thick pillars of gas and dust. Now, the new James Webb Space Telescope has captured NASA’s most detailed image of the landscape that is helping scientists better understand how stars form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980485\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980485\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-800x1386.png\" alt=\"The Pillars of Creation as captured by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope look like arches and spires and are filled with semi-transparent gas and dust. This is a region where young stars are forming.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1386\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-800x1386.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-160x277.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-768x1330.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-887x1536.png 887w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498.png 985w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Pillars of Creation as captured by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope look like arches and spires and are filled with semi-transparent gas and dust. This is a region where young stars are forming. \u003ccite>(NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The James Webb telescope, billed as the successor to the aging Hubble, is\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/16/1036600340/nasa-is-launching-a-new-telescope-that-could-offer-some-cosmic-eye-candy\"> optimized to see near- and mid-infrared light\u003c/a> invisible to people, allowing it to peer through dust that can obscure stars and other objects in Hubble images. While James Webb’s infrared eyes were \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-takes-star-filled-portrait-of-pillars-of-creation\">not able to pierce through\u003c/a> a mix of gas and dust in the Pillars of Creation, its new view will help scientists identify more precise counts of newly formed stars, and the amount of gas and dust in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.stsci.edu/~pontoppi/#about\">Klaus Pontoppidan,\u003c/a> a project scientist working on the James Webb, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/pontoppi/status/1582745751318253569\">wrote\u003c/a> on Twitter that the team wanted to capture the Pillars of Creation using the new space telescope after seeing popular demand for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nebula, M16, is located right in the plane of the Milky Way; there are just so many stars!” Pontoppidan wrote. “This image was taken in exactly the same way as the cosmic cliffs, and covers an area the same size on the sky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980486\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-800x450.png\" alt=\"The left picture shows the Pillars of Creation as shot by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995. The right picture shows the landscape as shot by the James Webb telescope in 2022.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-800x450.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-768x432.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6.png 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The left picture shows the Pillars of Creation as shot by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995. The right picture shows the landscape as shot by the James Webb telescope in 2022. \u003ccite>(NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://astrokirsten.com.au/\">Kirsten Banks\u003c/a>, an astrophysicist and science communicator, praised James Webb for revisiting the Pillars of Creation and giving scientists more precise data to learn from about the formation of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only are there obvious stars speckled in every nook and cranny of this image, but if you look closely at the tips of the pillars, you can see this fiery redness,” Banks said in a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AstroKirsten/status/1582884846526873601\">Twitter video\u003c/a>. “It looks like a volcano spitting lava.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The red spots at the edges of some pillars come from \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-takes-star-filled-portrait-of-pillars-of-creation\">young stars\u003c/a>, estimated to be a few hundred thousand years old, that shoot out supersonic jets which excite surrounding hydrogen molecules and create the crimson glow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before James Webb’s success, the telescope had to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/26/1113707352/the-long-and-winding-journey-of-the-james-webb-space-telescope\">endure\u003c/a> more than 20 years of technical difficulties, cost overruns, delays, and threats from Congress to kill it altogether. Critics were skeptical of its large size, the Webb’s primary mirror boasting \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/hubble-vs-webb-on-the-shoulders-of-a-giant\">six times more light collecting area\u003c/a> than that of the Hubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hubble%27s+1995+image+of+a+star+nursery+was+amazing.+Take+a+look+at+NASA%27s+new+version&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1980484/hubbles-1995-image-of-a-star-nursery-was-amazing-take-a-look-at-nasas-new-version","authors":["byline_science_1980484"],"categories":["science_28","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_4414","science_5186"],"featImg":"science_1980485","label":"science"},"science_1980381":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1980381","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1980381","score":null,"sort":[1663870903000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"tired-of-saturns-rings-check-out-nasas-latest-image-of-the-bands-around-neptune","title":"Tired of Saturn's Rings? Check Out NASA's Latest Image of the Bands Around Neptune","publishDate":1663870903,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Tired of Saturn’s Rings? Check Out NASA’s Latest Image of the Bands Around Neptune | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope has wowed astronomers and everyday people alike with its stunning images of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2022/07/12/1111002820/webb-telescope-images-nasa\">distant galaxies\u003c/a> and Earth’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/23/1118959461/jupiter-james-webb-telescope-photos-nasa\">nearby neighbors\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the $10 billion deep space telescope has brought what NASA calls \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/new-webb-image-captures-clearest-view-of-neptune-s-rings-in-decades\">the clearest image of Neptune’s rings\u003c/a> seen in more than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telescope delivered an image of the ice giant Neptune as well as seven of 14 of the known moons orbiting the planet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/new-webb-image-captures-clearest-view-of-neptune-s-rings-in-decades\">NASA said\u003c/a>. The picture also shows faint dust bands around the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been three decades since we last saw these faint, dusty rings, and this is the first time we’ve seen them in the infrared,” said Heidi Hammel, a Neptune system expert and interdisciplinary scientist for the Webb project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammel \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hbhammel/status/1572575649231171584\">tweeted\u003c/a>, “I ugy-cried when I saw THE FIRST JWST NEPTUNE IMAGES! “O M G – LOOK AT THE RINGS” I was yelling, making my kids, my mom, even my cats look.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Not gonna lie. I ugy-cried when I saw THE FIRST JWST NEPTUNE IMAGES! \"O M G - LOOK AT THE RINGS\" I was yelling, making my kids, my mom, even my cats look. More than 20 years in the making, and JWST delivered. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/48bxjAlztC\">https://t.co/48bxjAlztC\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/qPtiW2hyFm\">pic.twitter.com/qPtiW2hyFm\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Dr Heidi B. Hammel (@hbhammel) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hbhammel/status/1572575649231171584?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 21, 2022\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Neptune typically appears blue, attributed to methane in the atmosphere, but pictures from Webb’s infrared camera show the planet whiter in color. The new photo shows thin lines of beautiful light around Neptune, which NASA says are high-altitude methane-ice clouds reflecting sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980389\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980389\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-800x799.jpg\" alt=\"This picture of Neptune was taken by Voyager 2 less than five days before the probe's closest approach of the planet on Aug. 25, 1989. The picture shows the "Great Dark Spot" — a storm in Neptune's atmosphere — and the bright, light-blue smudge of clouds that accompanies the storm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"799\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-800x799.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-768x767.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut.jpg 985w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neptune typically appears blue in photographs due to methane gas in the atmosphere. This image of the ice giant was taken in 1989 by the Voyager 2, the only spacecraft to travel to the planet. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of Neptune’s moons, Triton, can also be seen in the photo. But, because of diffraction spikes in the image, one could easily mistake it for a distant star. Triton’s surface is covered in frozen, condensed nitrogen, which reflects an average of 70% of the sun’s rays, NASA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image of the rings is the crispest seen since 1989, when NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/galleries/images-voyager-took/neptune/\">Voyager 2\u003c/a> became the first spacecraft to cruise by Neptune, located approximately 2.8 billion miles from Earth — more than 30 times the distance from Earth to the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neptune is the most distant planet in our solar system (Pluto was demoted to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/07/13/421840110/planet-or-not-icy-pluto-to-finally-get-its-day-in-the-sun\">a dwarf planet\u003c/a> in 2006), taking 165 Earth years to complete its orbit. Interestingly, a day on Neptune is only 16 hours long, according to \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/neptune/overview/\">NASA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tired+of+Saturn%27s+rings%3F+Check+out+NASA%27s+latest+image+of+the+bands+around+Neptune&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The last time scientists caught such a clear glimpse of Neptune's rings was when Voyager 2 flew past the distant planet in 1989. Now the James Webb Space Telescope has delivered a crisp new image.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846190,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":461},"headData":{"title":"Tired of Saturn's Rings? Check Out NASA's Latest Image of the Bands Around Neptune | KQED","description":"The last time scientists caught such a clear glimpse of Neptune's rings was when Voyager 2 flew past the distant planet in 1989. Now the James Webb Space Telescope has delivered a crisp new image.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Dustin Jones","nprImageAgency":"NASA","nprStoryId":"1124369275","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1124369275&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/22/1124369275/nasa-james-webb-telescope-neptune-rings-moon?ft=nprml&f=1124369275","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 22 Sep 2022 05:00:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 22 Sep 2022 05:00:44 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 22 Sep 2022 05:00:44 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/science/1980381/tired-of-saturns-rings-check-out-nasas-latest-image-of-the-bands-around-neptune","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope has wowed astronomers and everyday people alike with its stunning images of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2022/07/12/1111002820/webb-telescope-images-nasa\">distant galaxies\u003c/a> and Earth’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/23/1118959461/jupiter-james-webb-telescope-photos-nasa\">nearby neighbors\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the $10 billion deep space telescope has brought what NASA calls \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/new-webb-image-captures-clearest-view-of-neptune-s-rings-in-decades\">the clearest image of Neptune’s rings\u003c/a> seen in more than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telescope delivered an image of the ice giant Neptune as well as seven of 14 of the known moons orbiting the planet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/new-webb-image-captures-clearest-view-of-neptune-s-rings-in-decades\">NASA said\u003c/a>. The picture also shows faint dust bands around the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been three decades since we last saw these faint, dusty rings, and this is the first time we’ve seen them in the infrared,” said Heidi Hammel, a Neptune system expert and interdisciplinary scientist for the Webb project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammel \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hbhammel/status/1572575649231171584\">tweeted\u003c/a>, “I ugy-cried when I saw THE FIRST JWST NEPTUNE IMAGES! “O M G – LOOK AT THE RINGS” I was yelling, making my kids, my mom, even my cats look.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Not gonna lie. I ugy-cried when I saw THE FIRST JWST NEPTUNE IMAGES! \"O M G - LOOK AT THE RINGS\" I was yelling, making my kids, my mom, even my cats look. More than 20 years in the making, and JWST delivered. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/48bxjAlztC\">https://t.co/48bxjAlztC\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/qPtiW2hyFm\">pic.twitter.com/qPtiW2hyFm\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Dr Heidi B. Hammel (@hbhammel) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hbhammel/status/1572575649231171584?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 21, 2022\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Neptune typically appears blue, attributed to methane in the atmosphere, but pictures from Webb’s infrared camera show the planet whiter in color. The new photo shows thin lines of beautiful light around Neptune, which NASA says are high-altitude methane-ice clouds reflecting sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980389\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980389\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-800x799.jpg\" alt=\"This picture of Neptune was taken by Voyager 2 less than five days before the probe's closest approach of the planet on Aug. 25, 1989. The picture shows the "Great Dark Spot" — a storm in Neptune's atmosphere — and the bright, light-blue smudge of clouds that accompanies the storm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"799\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-800x799.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-768x767.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut.jpg 985w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neptune typically appears blue in photographs due to methane gas in the atmosphere. This image of the ice giant was taken in 1989 by the Voyager 2, the only spacecraft to travel to the planet. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of Neptune’s moons, Triton, can also be seen in the photo. But, because of diffraction spikes in the image, one could easily mistake it for a distant star. Triton’s surface is covered in frozen, condensed nitrogen, which reflects an average of 70% of the sun’s rays, NASA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image of the rings is the crispest seen since 1989, when NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/galleries/images-voyager-took/neptune/\">Voyager 2\u003c/a> became the first spacecraft to cruise by Neptune, located approximately 2.8 billion miles from Earth — more than 30 times the distance from Earth to the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neptune is the most distant planet in our solar system (Pluto was demoted to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/07/13/421840110/planet-or-not-icy-pluto-to-finally-get-its-day-in-the-sun\">a dwarf planet\u003c/a> in 2006), taking 165 Earth years to complete its orbit. Interestingly, a day on Neptune is only 16 hours long, according to \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/neptune/overview/\">NASA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tired+of+Saturn%27s+rings%3F+Check+out+NASA%27s+latest+image+of+the+bands+around+Neptune&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1980381/tired-of-saturns-rings-check-out-nasas-latest-image-of-the-bands-around-neptune","authors":["byline_science_1980381"],"categories":["science_28","science_40","science_4450","science_3947"],"tags":["science_1073","science_5186","science_577"],"featImg":"science_1980382","label":"source_science_1980381"},"science_1980056":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1980056","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1980056","score":null,"sort":[1661205066000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"james-webb-space-telescope-shows-jupiters-auroras-tiny-moon","title":"James Webb Space Telescope Shows Jupiter's Auroras, Tiny Moons","publishDate":1661205066,"format":"standard","headTitle":"James Webb Space Telescope Shows Jupiter’s Auroras, Tiny Moons | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The world’s newest and biggest space telescope is showing Jupiter as never before, auroras and all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists released the shots Monday of the solar system’s biggest planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope took the photos in July, capturing unprecedented views of Jupiter’s northern and southern lights, and swirling polar haze. Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, a storm big enough to swallow Earth, stands out brightly alongside countless smaller storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One wide-field picture is particularly dramatic, showing the faint rings around the planet, as well as two tiny moons against a glittering background of galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen Jupiter like this. It’s all quite incredible,” said planetary astronomer Imke de Pater, of the University of California, Berkeley, who helped lead the observations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hadn’t really expected it to be this good, to be honest,” she added in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infrared images were artificially colored in blue, white, green, yellow and orange, according to the U.S.-French research team, to make the features stand out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980057\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980057\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/08/JWST_2022-07-27_Jupiter-1024x971-1-800x759.png\" alt=\"Webb NIRCam composite image of Jupiter from three filters – F360M (red), F212N (yellow-green), and F150W2 (cyan) – and alignment due to the planet’s rotation.\" width=\"800\" height=\"759\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/08/JWST_2022-07-27_Jupiter-1024x971-1-800x759.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/08/JWST_2022-07-27_Jupiter-1024x971-1-1020x967.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/08/JWST_2022-07-27_Jupiter-1024x971-1-160x152.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/08/JWST_2022-07-27_Jupiter-1024x971-1-768x728.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/08/JWST_2022-07-27_Jupiter-1024x971-1.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Webb NIRCam composite image of Jupiter from three filters — F360M (red), F212N (yellow-green) and F150W2 (cyan) — and alignment due to the planet’s rotation. \u003ccite>(ASA, ESA, CSA, Jupiter ERS Team; image processing by Judy Schmidt.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA and the European Space Agency’s $10 billion successor to the Hubble Space Telescope rocketed away at the end of last year and has been observing the cosmos in the infrared since summer. Scientists hope to behold the dawn of the universe with Webb, peering all the way back to when the first stars and galaxies were forming 13.7 billion years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The observatory is positioned 1 million miles from Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846211,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":329},"headData":{"title":"James Webb Space Telescope Shows Jupiter's Auroras, Tiny Moons | KQED","description":"The world’s newest and biggest space telescope is showing Jupiter as never before, auroras and all. Scientists released the shots Monday of the solar system’s biggest planet. The James Webb Space Telescope took the photos in July, capturing unprecedented views of Jupiter’s northern and southern lights, and swirling polar haze. Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, a","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"WpOldSlug":"new-webb-space-telescope-shows-jupiters-auroras-tiny-moon","nprByline":"Marcia Dunn\u003cbr>Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/science/1980056/james-webb-space-telescope-shows-jupiters-auroras-tiny-moon","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The world’s newest and biggest space telescope is showing Jupiter as never before, auroras and all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists released the shots Monday of the solar system’s biggest planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope took the photos in July, capturing unprecedented views of Jupiter’s northern and southern lights, and swirling polar haze. Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, a storm big enough to swallow Earth, stands out brightly alongside countless smaller storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One wide-field picture is particularly dramatic, showing the faint rings around the planet, as well as two tiny moons against a glittering background of galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen Jupiter like this. It’s all quite incredible,” said planetary astronomer Imke de Pater, of the University of California, Berkeley, who helped lead the observations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hadn’t really expected it to be this good, to be honest,” she added in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infrared images were artificially colored in blue, white, green, yellow and orange, according to the U.S.-French research team, to make the features stand out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980057\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980057\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/08/JWST_2022-07-27_Jupiter-1024x971-1-800x759.png\" alt=\"Webb NIRCam composite image of Jupiter from three filters – F360M (red), F212N (yellow-green), and F150W2 (cyan) – and alignment due to the planet’s rotation.\" width=\"800\" height=\"759\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/08/JWST_2022-07-27_Jupiter-1024x971-1-800x759.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/08/JWST_2022-07-27_Jupiter-1024x971-1-1020x967.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/08/JWST_2022-07-27_Jupiter-1024x971-1-160x152.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/08/JWST_2022-07-27_Jupiter-1024x971-1-768x728.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/08/JWST_2022-07-27_Jupiter-1024x971-1.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Webb NIRCam composite image of Jupiter from three filters — F360M (red), F212N (yellow-green) and F150W2 (cyan) — and alignment due to the planet’s rotation. \u003ccite>(ASA, ESA, CSA, Jupiter ERS Team; image processing by Judy Schmidt.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA and the European Space Agency’s $10 billion successor to the Hubble Space Telescope rocketed away at the end of last year and has been observing the cosmos in the infrared since summer. Scientists hope to behold the dawn of the universe with Webb, peering all the way back to when the first stars and galaxies were forming 13.7 billion years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The observatory is positioned 1 million miles from Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1980056/james-webb-space-telescope-shows-jupiters-auroras-tiny-moon","authors":["byline_science_1980056"],"categories":["science_28","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_4414","science_5186"],"featImg":"science_1980058","label":"science"},"science_1510407":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1510407","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1510407","score":null,"sort":[1490912410000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hubble-successor-the-largest-space-telescope-is-closer-to-launch","title":"Hubble Successor, The Largest Space Telescope, Is Closer to Launch","publishDate":1490912410,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Hubble Successor, The Largest Space Telescope, Is Closer to Launch | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The long-anticipated \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/\">James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a> is a few steps closer to launch, after being subjected to a series of rigorous \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2017/nasas-webb-telescope-ghostly-lights-out-inspection\">space-readiness tests\u003c/a> in the world’s largest “clean room” at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today NASA offered members of the public a peak into that giant chamber, and the preparations being made on what–if all goes well–will become the largest telescope ever sent into space. The Webb is scheduled for launch from French Guiana in October 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An international collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency, the James Webb Space Telescope is the successor to NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And anyone aware of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/04/photogalleries/hubble/index.html\">Hubble’s scientific achievements\u003c/a> can imagine what Webb might open our eyes to. In its 27-year career, Hubble has probed invisible “\u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2015-10/31-dark-matter\">dark matter\u003c/a>” in space, found \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1706/\">supermassive blackholes\u003c/a> in the cores of galaxies, defined the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/hubble_discoveries/breakthroughs/cosmology\">age of the cosmos\u003c/a>, glimpsed some of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">most distant objects in space\u003c/a> and time…and the list goes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a tough act to follow. So what’s different about Webb? The size!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510518\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510518\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg\" alt=\"The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center’s giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hubble’s primary light-collecting mirror has a diameter of 8 feet. Webb’s primary mirror, an array of 18 hexagonal sections of light-weight, gold-coated beryllium, measures over 21 feet across!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason for Hubble’s relatively small primary mirror is that the entire telescope had to fit inside the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle that carried it into orbit. If Webb’s much larger mirror were a single piece of material, getting it into space would be an almost insurmountable engineering challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Webb’s multi-mirror design allows the array to be “folded up” into a compact space. Once Webb arrives at its destination, the mirror sections will open up and fit together into a single functional mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeing the Universe in a Different Light\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a “visible light” telescope, observing light with wavelengths visible to the human eye. The source of visible light in the universe is primarily hot things, like stars—and by extension galaxies, which are composed of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg\" alt=\"The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \" width=\"800\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-768x422.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1020x561.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1920x1056.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1180x649.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-960x528.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-240x132.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-375x206.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-520x286.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech/K. Gordon (U. of Arizona)/NOAO/Spitzer Space Telescope)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb is an \u003cem>infrared\u003c/em> telescope. Its suite of light detectors—cameras for capturing images, spectrometers for analyzing chemical composition—are sensitive to \u003ca href=\"http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/\">lower-energy infrared light\u003c/a>. So, Webb will observe emissions from cooler objects, like molecular clouds containing organic molecules, disks of material forming new planetary systems, and the atmospheres of distant extrasolar planets, to name only a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Location, Location, Location\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The venerable Hubble orbits the Earth, only 300 miles above our planet’s surface—so at any given moment, half of Hubble’s view of space is blocked by a huge, glaring planet. And since Hubble makes an orbit every 95 minutes, it can only observe a celestial object for less than an hour before its line of sight is blocked by the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will orbit the sun at a special location called \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/orbit.html\">Earth’s “L2” Lagrange point\u003c/a>, a million miles farther out. At the L2 point, the Earth and the sun work together to form a sort of gravitational “pocket” in which a spacecraft can remain almost stationary with very little assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will move along with the Earth as they both orbit the sun, like a balloon tethered to a running child, and not wander off to some distant place in the solar system. Since it’s not orbiting the Earth as Hubble does, Webb’s line of sight to celestial objects of interest won’t be routinely cut off—and at a million miles away, Earth doesn’t block much of the view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb is also equipped with a tennis-court-sized sun-shade, which will shield it not only from the Sun’s intense radiation, but also from the infrared emissions of the Earth and moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg\" alt=\"The Webb's giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Webb’s giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keeping Webb cool is critical to its ability to sense the faint infrared emanations from distant objects. If warmed by the sun, Webb’s own optics and sensors would glow with infrared light, thus seeing those faint objects would be difficult—like looking out a window on a nighttime scene from inside a brightly lit house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Will Webb Show Us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble has observed some of the most \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">distant galaxies in space\u003c/a>—and since it takes time for their light to travel to us, the farther away they are, the further back in time we see them. When we look at a galaxy that is a billion light years away, it is sort of like watching a video that was recorded a billion years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will see further back in time by observing infrared emissions of the gases that eventually formed the earliest galaxies, before their stars were born and began emitting visible light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closer to home, Webb will analyze confirmed \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a>—especially exoplanets similar to Earth in size and distance from their star. Recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-habitable-zone-planets-around\">seven approximately Earth-sized planets\u003c/a> were confirmed orbiting the same star, only 40 light years from us. Three of these planets are at the right distance from their star, TRAPPIST-1, that liquid water could exist on their surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-art-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb will look for infrared emissions from exoplanet atmospheres—if present—and analyze their chemical compositions. If a planet has a liquid water cycle, then there should be water vapor present in its atmosphere. And, if it possesses life, there should be chemical telltales of its activity, such as molecular oxygen or methane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope still has a few tests to get through before it is certified space-worthy—just like an astronaut being examined by the doctor who will give them a thumbs-up to launch—but the cosmic revelations it may ultimately bring should be well worth the wait.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It'll be the largest telescope sent into space, and NASA is preparing for a fall 2018 launch.\r\n\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928910,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1134},"headData":{"title":"Hubble Successor, The Largest Space Telescope, Is Closer to Launch | KQED","description":"It'll be the largest telescope sent into space, and NASA is preparing for a fall 2018 launch.\r\n\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1510407/hubble-successor-the-largest-space-telescope-is-closer-to-launch","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The long-anticipated \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/\">James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a> is a few steps closer to launch, after being subjected to a series of rigorous \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2017/nasas-webb-telescope-ghostly-lights-out-inspection\">space-readiness tests\u003c/a> in the world’s largest “clean room” at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today NASA offered members of the public a peak into that giant chamber, and the preparations being made on what–if all goes well–will become the largest telescope ever sent into space. The Webb is scheduled for launch from French Guiana in October 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An international collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency, the James Webb Space Telescope is the successor to NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And anyone aware of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/04/photogalleries/hubble/index.html\">Hubble’s scientific achievements\u003c/a> can imagine what Webb might open our eyes to. In its 27-year career, Hubble has probed invisible “\u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2015-10/31-dark-matter\">dark matter\u003c/a>” in space, found \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1706/\">supermassive blackholes\u003c/a> in the cores of galaxies, defined the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/hubble_discoveries/breakthroughs/cosmology\">age of the cosmos\u003c/a>, glimpsed some of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">most distant objects in space\u003c/a> and time…and the list goes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a tough act to follow. So what’s different about Webb? The size!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510518\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510518\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg\" alt=\"The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center’s giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hubble’s primary light-collecting mirror has a diameter of 8 feet. Webb’s primary mirror, an array of 18 hexagonal sections of light-weight, gold-coated beryllium, measures over 21 feet across!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason for Hubble’s relatively small primary mirror is that the entire telescope had to fit inside the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle that carried it into orbit. If Webb’s much larger mirror were a single piece of material, getting it into space would be an almost insurmountable engineering challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Webb’s multi-mirror design allows the array to be “folded up” into a compact space. Once Webb arrives at its destination, the mirror sections will open up and fit together into a single functional mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeing the Universe in a Different Light\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a “visible light” telescope, observing light with wavelengths visible to the human eye. The source of visible light in the universe is primarily hot things, like stars—and by extension galaxies, which are composed of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg\" alt=\"The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \" width=\"800\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-768x422.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1020x561.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1920x1056.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1180x649.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-960x528.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-240x132.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-375x206.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-520x286.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech/K. Gordon (U. of Arizona)/NOAO/Spitzer Space Telescope)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb is an \u003cem>infrared\u003c/em> telescope. Its suite of light detectors—cameras for capturing images, spectrometers for analyzing chemical composition—are sensitive to \u003ca href=\"http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/\">lower-energy infrared light\u003c/a>. So, Webb will observe emissions from cooler objects, like molecular clouds containing organic molecules, disks of material forming new planetary systems, and the atmospheres of distant extrasolar planets, to name only a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Location, Location, Location\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The venerable Hubble orbits the Earth, only 300 miles above our planet’s surface—so at any given moment, half of Hubble’s view of space is blocked by a huge, glaring planet. And since Hubble makes an orbit every 95 minutes, it can only observe a celestial object for less than an hour before its line of sight is blocked by the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will orbit the sun at a special location called \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/orbit.html\">Earth’s “L2” Lagrange point\u003c/a>, a million miles farther out. At the L2 point, the Earth and the sun work together to form a sort of gravitational “pocket” in which a spacecraft can remain almost stationary with very little assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will move along with the Earth as they both orbit the sun, like a balloon tethered to a running child, and not wander off to some distant place in the solar system. Since it’s not orbiting the Earth as Hubble does, Webb’s line of sight to celestial objects of interest won’t be routinely cut off—and at a million miles away, Earth doesn’t block much of the view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb is also equipped with a tennis-court-sized sun-shade, which will shield it not only from the Sun’s intense radiation, but also from the infrared emissions of the Earth and moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg\" alt=\"The Webb's giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Webb’s giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keeping Webb cool is critical to its ability to sense the faint infrared emanations from distant objects. If warmed by the sun, Webb’s own optics and sensors would glow with infrared light, thus seeing those faint objects would be difficult—like looking out a window on a nighttime scene from inside a brightly lit house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Will Webb Show Us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble has observed some of the most \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">distant galaxies in space\u003c/a>—and since it takes time for their light to travel to us, the farther away they are, the further back in time we see them. When we look at a galaxy that is a billion light years away, it is sort of like watching a video that was recorded a billion years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will see further back in time by observing infrared emissions of the gases that eventually formed the earliest galaxies, before their stars were born and began emitting visible light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closer to home, Webb will analyze confirmed \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a>—especially exoplanets similar to Earth in size and distance from their star. Recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-habitable-zone-planets-around\">seven approximately Earth-sized planets\u003c/a> were confirmed orbiting the same star, only 40 light years from us. Three of these planets are at the right distance from their star, TRAPPIST-1, that liquid water could exist on their surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-art-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb will look for infrared emissions from exoplanet atmospheres—if present—and analyze their chemical compositions. If a planet has a liquid water cycle, then there should be water vapor present in its atmosphere. And, if it possesses life, there should be chemical telltales of its activity, such as molecular oxygen or methane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope still has a few tests to get through before it is certified space-worthy—just like an astronaut being examined by the doctor who will give them a thumbs-up to launch—but the cosmic revelations it may ultimately bring should be well worth the wait.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1510407/hubble-successor-the-largest-space-telescope-is-closer-to-launch","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_1216","science_5186","science_5175"],"featImg":"science_1518245","label":"science"},"science_1443551":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1443551","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1443551","score":null,"sort":[1488563853000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasa-to-launch-a-new-search-for-earth-like-exoplanets","title":"NASA to Launch a New Search for Earth-like Exoplanets","publishDate":1488563853,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NASA to Launch a New Search for Earth-like Exoplanets | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Last week \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/earth-size-planets-the-newest-weirdest-generation\">NASA announced the existence of seven Earth-sized planets \u003c/a>orbiting the same star, TRAPPIST-1, only 40 light years from Earth. Adding to the excitement of this glittering milestone discovery, three of these planets orbit the star within its “\u003ca href=\"https://www.e-education.psu.edu/astro801/content/l12_p4.html\">habitable zone\u003c/a>,” where the strength of the star’s light is suitable to support liquid water on their surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was last week’s news. This week the question is, what do we do about it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we can’t launch a mission to see these seven worlds up close—or any of the now \u003ca href=\"http://www.exoplanets.org/\">almost 3,000 confirmed extra-solar planets\u003c/a> (exoplanets) for that matter, most of which are much more distant anyway—we can continue devising more advanced tools and techniques for exploring them from Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1443665\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1443665\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of a planet in the TRAPPIST-1 system, three of which have the potential to support liquid water. \" width=\"1000\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-800x560.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-768x538.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-960x672.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-240x168.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-375x263.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-520x364.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of a planet in the TRAPPIST-1 system, three of which have the potential to support liquid water. \u003ccite>(ESO/M. Kornmesser)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://kepler.nasa.gov/\">Kepler \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/\">Spitzer \u003c/a>telescopes search for and analyze exoplanets from orbit, while a number of Earth-based observatories, such as the Belgian \u003ca href=\"http://www.trappist.ulg.ac.be/cms/c_3300885/en/trappist-portail\">TRAPPIST robotic telescope\u003c/a> in Chile, work the problem from the ground up—so to speak. TRAPPIST made the first two exoplanet detections in the TRAPPIST-1 system in mid-2016, and the Spitzer telescope added the other five to the list in the following months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter the next generation of exoplanet hunters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year will see the launches of two new space-based observatories that will advance our exploration of worlds beyond our solar system. They promise to shed more light on Earth-sized exoplanets with the potential to harbor liquid water, and possibly even life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2018, NASA will launch \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/nasas-tess-the-next-exoplanet-explorer\">TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) \u003c/a>on a Falcon 9 rocket, a launch vehicle produced by the SpaceX Corporation. TESS’s primary mission will be to look for extrasolar planets as they transit in front of their stars—the same method employed by Kepler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1443668\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1443668\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method.jpg\" alt='Diagram showing how we detect and measure exoplanets using the \"transit method,\" by measuring the amount of dimming of a star by a planet transiting in front of it. ' width=\"1000\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-160x68.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-800x341.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-768x327.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-960x409.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-240x102.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-375x160.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-520x222.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diagram showing how we detect and measure exoplanets using the “transit method,” by measuring the amount of dimming of a star by a planet transiting in front of it. \u003ccite>(Ames Research Center/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The size and orbital period of a planet, as well as its distance from its star, can be calculated by measuring the amount of light blocked by the planet passing in front of its star, and also how frequently the planet transits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the Kepler telescope, which has sampled a tight patch of stars tens of thousands of light years away, TESS will probe the stars closest to Earth—those within a few hundred light years—and in all directions in the sky. Some of TESS’s intended targets are even visible to the human eye. TESS is expected to survey about 200,000 stars during its two-year mission, and haul in thousands of new exoplanet discoveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of particular interest to the TESS mission are smaller stars known as dwarf stars. They range from the size of our own sun down to the smaller red dwarfs like TRAPPIST-1. It is easier to detect smaller planets transiting fainter stars, since the proportion of light that they block is greater than for brighter stars. This is sort of like how it’s easier to hear a cricket in a concert hall when the orchestra is playing a soft piece of music than when it is blasting the 1812 Overture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with the discovery of TRAPPIST-1’s seven Earth-sized planets, there is renewed interest in planetary systems like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/6560-life-thrive-red-dwarf-star.html\">debate whether red dwarf stars are suitable to foster life-friendly environments\u003c/a> on any planets they may possess. Dwarf stars often engage in temperamental behavior, exhibiting wild swings in their light output and producing violent flare explosions. Any planets close enough to them to possess liquid water could be adversely impacted by this behavior. Also, planets orbiting close to their star eventually become “tidally locked” to it, keeping the same side always turned toward it. One side would experience perpetual daylight, the other side unending night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1443667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 512px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1443667\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/CompLifeZoneRGBwTxt_512px.jpg\" alt='Illustration of the \"habitable zones\" of stars of different brightness--habitable zones shown in green. The smaller and cooler a star, the closer its habitable zone is. ' width=\"512\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/CompLifeZoneRGBwTxt_512px.jpg 512w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/CompLifeZoneRGBwTxt_512px-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/CompLifeZoneRGBwTxt_512px-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/CompLifeZoneRGBwTxt_512px-375x211.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration of the “habitable zones” of stars of different brightness–habitable zones shown in green. The smaller and cooler a star, the closer its habitable zone is. \u003ccite>(Kepler/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, we have learned by studying life on Earth that it can be highly resilient and adaptable to changes in environment, so there is some hope of detecting life even in these types of systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later in 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/origins.html\">NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a> will succeed the now-aged Hubble telescope. It will be launched from Guiana on a European Ariane rocket. Among its numerous applications, the James Webb Space Telescope will offer follow-up observations of confirmed exoplanets, such as any detected by TESS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope will make spectroscopic measurements to detect and analyze the chemical compositions of exoplanet atmospheres—which is where things could really get interesting. If life exists on any given exoplanet, it has likely altered the composition of its atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Earth, animal life produces methane, and plant life adds free oxygen to the atmosphere. If we can detect chemicals in an exoplanet atmosphere that might not be present without the work of life forms, how exciting would that be?\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After announcing the existence of seven Earth-sized planets only 40 light years from Earth, NASA says it will launch two new telescopes that promise to take the search to a whole new level.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929025,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":901},"headData":{"title":"NASA to Launch a New Search for Earth-like Exoplanets | KQED","description":"After announcing the existence of seven Earth-sized planets only 40 light years from Earth, NASA says it will launch two new telescopes that promise to take the search to a whole new level.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1443551/nasa-to-launch-a-new-search-for-earth-like-exoplanets","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last week \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/earth-size-planets-the-newest-weirdest-generation\">NASA announced the existence of seven Earth-sized planets \u003c/a>orbiting the same star, TRAPPIST-1, only 40 light years from Earth. Adding to the excitement of this glittering milestone discovery, three of these planets orbit the star within its “\u003ca href=\"https://www.e-education.psu.edu/astro801/content/l12_p4.html\">habitable zone\u003c/a>,” where the strength of the star’s light is suitable to support liquid water on their surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was last week’s news. This week the question is, what do we do about it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we can’t launch a mission to see these seven worlds up close—or any of the now \u003ca href=\"http://www.exoplanets.org/\">almost 3,000 confirmed extra-solar planets\u003c/a> (exoplanets) for that matter, most of which are much more distant anyway—we can continue devising more advanced tools and techniques for exploring them from Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1443665\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1443665\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of a planet in the TRAPPIST-1 system, three of which have the potential to support liquid water. \" width=\"1000\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-800x560.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-768x538.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-960x672.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-240x168.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-375x263.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-planet-520x364.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of a planet in the TRAPPIST-1 system, three of which have the potential to support liquid water. \u003ccite>(ESO/M. Kornmesser)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://kepler.nasa.gov/\">Kepler \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/\">Spitzer \u003c/a>telescopes search for and analyze exoplanets from orbit, while a number of Earth-based observatories, such as the Belgian \u003ca href=\"http://www.trappist.ulg.ac.be/cms/c_3300885/en/trappist-portail\">TRAPPIST robotic telescope\u003c/a> in Chile, work the problem from the ground up—so to speak. TRAPPIST made the first two exoplanet detections in the TRAPPIST-1 system in mid-2016, and the Spitzer telescope added the other five to the list in the following months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter the next generation of exoplanet hunters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year will see the launches of two new space-based observatories that will advance our exploration of worlds beyond our solar system. They promise to shed more light on Earth-sized exoplanets with the potential to harbor liquid water, and possibly even life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2018, NASA will launch \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/nasas-tess-the-next-exoplanet-explorer\">TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) \u003c/a>on a Falcon 9 rocket, a launch vehicle produced by the SpaceX Corporation. TESS’s primary mission will be to look for extrasolar planets as they transit in front of their stars—the same method employed by Kepler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1443668\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1443668\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method.jpg\" alt='Diagram showing how we detect and measure exoplanets using the \"transit method,\" by measuring the amount of dimming of a star by a planet transiting in front of it. ' width=\"1000\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-160x68.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-800x341.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-768x327.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-960x409.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-240x102.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-375x160.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/transit-method-520x222.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diagram showing how we detect and measure exoplanets using the “transit method,” by measuring the amount of dimming of a star by a planet transiting in front of it. \u003ccite>(Ames Research Center/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The size and orbital period of a planet, as well as its distance from its star, can be calculated by measuring the amount of light blocked by the planet passing in front of its star, and also how frequently the planet transits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the Kepler telescope, which has sampled a tight patch of stars tens of thousands of light years away, TESS will probe the stars closest to Earth—those within a few hundred light years—and in all directions in the sky. Some of TESS’s intended targets are even visible to the human eye. TESS is expected to survey about 200,000 stars during its two-year mission, and haul in thousands of new exoplanet discoveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of particular interest to the TESS mission are smaller stars known as dwarf stars. They range from the size of our own sun down to the smaller red dwarfs like TRAPPIST-1. It is easier to detect smaller planets transiting fainter stars, since the proportion of light that they block is greater than for brighter stars. This is sort of like how it’s easier to hear a cricket in a concert hall when the orchestra is playing a soft piece of music than when it is blasting the 1812 Overture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with the discovery of TRAPPIST-1’s seven Earth-sized planets, there is renewed interest in planetary systems like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/6560-life-thrive-red-dwarf-star.html\">debate whether red dwarf stars are suitable to foster life-friendly environments\u003c/a> on any planets they may possess. Dwarf stars often engage in temperamental behavior, exhibiting wild swings in their light output and producing violent flare explosions. Any planets close enough to them to possess liquid water could be adversely impacted by this behavior. Also, planets orbiting close to their star eventually become “tidally locked” to it, keeping the same side always turned toward it. One side would experience perpetual daylight, the other side unending night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1443667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 512px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1443667\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/CompLifeZoneRGBwTxt_512px.jpg\" alt='Illustration of the \"habitable zones\" of stars of different brightness--habitable zones shown in green. The smaller and cooler a star, the closer its habitable zone is. ' width=\"512\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/CompLifeZoneRGBwTxt_512px.jpg 512w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/CompLifeZoneRGBwTxt_512px-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/CompLifeZoneRGBwTxt_512px-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/CompLifeZoneRGBwTxt_512px-375x211.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration of the “habitable zones” of stars of different brightness–habitable zones shown in green. The smaller and cooler a star, the closer its habitable zone is. \u003ccite>(Kepler/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, we have learned by studying life on Earth that it can be highly resilient and adaptable to changes in environment, so there is some hope of detecting life even in these types of systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later in 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/origins.html\">NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a> will succeed the now-aged Hubble telescope. It will be launched from Guiana on a European Ariane rocket. Among its numerous applications, the James Webb Space Telescope will offer follow-up observations of confirmed exoplanets, such as any detected by TESS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope will make spectroscopic measurements to detect and analyze the chemical compositions of exoplanet atmospheres—which is where things could really get interesting. If life exists on any given exoplanet, it has likely altered the composition of its atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Earth, animal life produces methane, and plant life adds free oxygen to the atmosphere. If we can detect chemicals in an exoplanet atmosphere that might not be present without the work of life forms, how exciting would that be?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1443551/nasa-to-launch-a-new-search-for-earth-like-exoplanets","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_19","science_20","science_5186","science_23","science_25"],"featImg":"science_1443663","label":"science"},"science_18742":{"type":"posts","id":"science_18742","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"18742","score":null,"sort":[1403812298000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"studying-exoplanets-what-a-thousand-points-of-light-might-reveal-about-earth","title":"Studying Exoplanets: What A Thousand Points of Light Might Reveal About Earth","publishDate":1403812298,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Studying Exoplanets: What A Thousand Points of Light Might Reveal About Earth | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18743\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/extrasolar-planets.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/extrasolar-planets.png\" alt=\"Exoplanet orbit\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18743\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The orbit of an exoplanet around its star affects the light emitted by the combined system, and the resulting patterns can be detected even in the stream of data from a single pixel. After Nicolas Cowan, “\u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014EO250001/abstract\">The exoplanet opportunity: Top-down planetary science\u003c/a>,” \u003ci>Eos\u003c/i>, 24 June 2014. (Cowan/AGU)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since the century began, astronomers have been discovering new planets around other stars—exoplanets. This harvest of information has become a flood—NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/\">PlanetQuest site\u003c/a> now lists more than 5000 exoplanets. Almost all of them are represented by “impurities” in a stream of starlight, no more than a single pixel in extent, registered by a telescope in outer space. Planetary scientist \u003ca href=\"http://nickcowan.com/\">Nicolas Cowan\u003c/a> explains in a new paper that we can learn a lot from those thousand points of light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cowan, a researcher at Northwestern University, \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014EO250001/abstract\">writes in the June 24 issue of \u003ci>Eos\u003c/i>\u003c/a> that the thin trickle of light from an exoplanet can be analyzed in surprising detail given what we know about planets in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big obstacle in studying exoplanets is dealing with the stars they orbit—suns like our own whose light may be a billion times brighter than the light from the exoplanet. There are mechanical ways to screen out the star that work in a few cases. Outside that ideal situation, we can still use numerical methods to isolate the stream of photons of exoplanetary light from the flood of stellar photons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of the problem as a torrent of M&M candies, representing photons, pouring through a chute onto a table. Almost all of them are brown—that represents the star’s light—and a few are other colors representing light from the exoplanet. Those colors are different because an exoplanet can change the starlight falling upon it. For example, Earth directly reflects more sunlight in blue than it does in red, and its outer atmosphere absorbs incoming light and re-emits it at other wavelengths (ultraviolet during the day and thermal infrared at night). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The diagram above shows some of the possibilities raised by the orbit of an exoplanet. When it goes behind the star (in eclipse) its light is lost entirely, and when it goes in front (in transit) it partially blocks the star. This data is very handy for helping separate the two streams of light when they’re mixed. As the exoplanet moves around its orbit, the mix of light it displays changes with time. In the gibbous phase, it reflects more light; in the crescent phase it displays more re-emitted light from the nightside. Over the course of the exoplanet’s orbit, all of these differences show up in that single pixel of light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The single pixel can even be cracked open a bit. As the exoplanet enters and leaves eclipse, it becomes possible to derive crude maps, as shown below in \u003ca href=\"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.1883v2\">another of Cowan’s recent papers\u003c/a>. And an exoplanet’s rotation also offers a way into the pixel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18744\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/exoplanetmap.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/exoplanetmap.png\" alt=\"exoplanet map\" width=\"600\" height=\"306\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18744\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two-dimensional map of exoplanet HD 189733b in infrared light, based on eclipses. The top part of the figure shows the geometry and math behind the method, combining ingress and egress light curves as the exoplanet moves from right to left behind its star. (\u003ca href=\"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.1883v2\">Cowan/Arxiv\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The late Carl Sagan famously called Earth a “pale blue dot” after a picture taken in 1990 by the Voyager 1 spacecraft from the edge of the solar system. In that image, Earth was barely a pixel across. What could we deduce about Earth from that single pixel? \u003ca href=\"http://m.iopscience.iop.org/2041-8205/765/1/L17/article\">In a 2013 paper in \u003ci>The Astrophysical Journal Letters\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, Cowan and Talia Strait analyzed a set of one-pixel snapshots of Earth taken during the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/deepimpact/main/\">Deep Impact space mission\u003c/a>. The snapshots, taken once an hour for 24 hours, represent a complete Earth day. Using well-known techniques (principal-component analysis) and no foreknowledge, the authors were able to tell the rough proportions of land, water and clouds visible as the Earth turned. This proof-of-concept exercise can be refined for use on any object, not just exoplanets but small bodies in our own solar system or, I suppose, enemy satellites. Given enough observations, it could tell a rotating planet from a nonrotating one, even if the planet had weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Techniques like these are already being used on exoplanets, although only a few dozen are represented so far. As the flood of new exoplanets continues, and as more of the smaller, Earth-sized bodies are documented, we will be able to pick out exoplanets like our own and bring the statistics of large numbers to bear on the question “How unusual is Earth?” As the answer to that emerges, we will make progress on another question: How unusual is life?\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As a flood of new exoplanets swim into our ken, we have ways of turning these pixel-size steams of data into insights about our own planet.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933430,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":809},"headData":{"title":"Studying Exoplanets: What A Thousand Points of Light Might Reveal About Earth | KQED","description":"As a flood of new exoplanets swim into our ken, we have ways of turning these pixel-size steams of data into insights about our own planet.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/18742/studying-exoplanets-what-a-thousand-points-of-light-might-reveal-about-earth","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18743\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/extrasolar-planets.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/extrasolar-planets.png\" alt=\"Exoplanet orbit\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18743\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The orbit of an exoplanet around its star affects the light emitted by the combined system, and the resulting patterns can be detected even in the stream of data from a single pixel. After Nicolas Cowan, “\u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014EO250001/abstract\">The exoplanet opportunity: Top-down planetary science\u003c/a>,” \u003ci>Eos\u003c/i>, 24 June 2014. (Cowan/AGU)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since the century began, astronomers have been discovering new planets around other stars—exoplanets. This harvest of information has become a flood—NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/\">PlanetQuest site\u003c/a> now lists more than 5000 exoplanets. Almost all of them are represented by “impurities” in a stream of starlight, no more than a single pixel in extent, registered by a telescope in outer space. Planetary scientist \u003ca href=\"http://nickcowan.com/\">Nicolas Cowan\u003c/a> explains in a new paper that we can learn a lot from those thousand points of light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cowan, a researcher at Northwestern University, \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014EO250001/abstract\">writes in the June 24 issue of \u003ci>Eos\u003c/i>\u003c/a> that the thin trickle of light from an exoplanet can be analyzed in surprising detail given what we know about planets in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big obstacle in studying exoplanets is dealing with the stars they orbit—suns like our own whose light may be a billion times brighter than the light from the exoplanet. There are mechanical ways to screen out the star that work in a few cases. Outside that ideal situation, we can still use numerical methods to isolate the stream of photons of exoplanetary light from the flood of stellar photons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of the problem as a torrent of M&M candies, representing photons, pouring through a chute onto a table. Almost all of them are brown—that represents the star’s light—and a few are other colors representing light from the exoplanet. Those colors are different because an exoplanet can change the starlight falling upon it. For example, Earth directly reflects more sunlight in blue than it does in red, and its outer atmosphere absorbs incoming light and re-emits it at other wavelengths (ultraviolet during the day and thermal infrared at night). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The diagram above shows some of the possibilities raised by the orbit of an exoplanet. When it goes behind the star (in eclipse) its light is lost entirely, and when it goes in front (in transit) it partially blocks the star. This data is very handy for helping separate the two streams of light when they’re mixed. As the exoplanet moves around its orbit, the mix of light it displays changes with time. In the gibbous phase, it reflects more light; in the crescent phase it displays more re-emitted light from the nightside. Over the course of the exoplanet’s orbit, all of these differences show up in that single pixel of light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The single pixel can even be cracked open a bit. As the exoplanet enters and leaves eclipse, it becomes possible to derive crude maps, as shown below in \u003ca href=\"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.1883v2\">another of Cowan’s recent papers\u003c/a>. And an exoplanet’s rotation also offers a way into the pixel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18744\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/exoplanetmap.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/exoplanetmap.png\" alt=\"exoplanet map\" width=\"600\" height=\"306\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18744\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two-dimensional map of exoplanet HD 189733b in infrared light, based on eclipses. The top part of the figure shows the geometry and math behind the method, combining ingress and egress light curves as the exoplanet moves from right to left behind its star. (\u003ca href=\"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.1883v2\">Cowan/Arxiv\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The late Carl Sagan famously called Earth a “pale blue dot” after a picture taken in 1990 by the Voyager 1 spacecraft from the edge of the solar system. In that image, Earth was barely a pixel across. What could we deduce about Earth from that single pixel? \u003ca href=\"http://m.iopscience.iop.org/2041-8205/765/1/L17/article\">In a 2013 paper in \u003ci>The Astrophysical Journal Letters\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, Cowan and Talia Strait analyzed a set of one-pixel snapshots of Earth taken during the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/deepimpact/main/\">Deep Impact space mission\u003c/a>. The snapshots, taken once an hour for 24 hours, represent a complete Earth day. Using well-known techniques (principal-component analysis) and no foreknowledge, the authors were able to tell the rough proportions of land, water and clouds visible as the Earth turned. This proof-of-concept exercise can be refined for use on any object, not just exoplanets but small bodies in our own solar system or, I suppose, enemy satellites. Given enough observations, it could tell a rotating planet from a nonrotating one, even if the planet had weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Techniques like these are already being used on exoplanets, although only a few dozen are represented so far. As the flood of new exoplanets continues, and as more of the smaller, Earth-sized bodies are documented, we will be able to pick out exoplanets like our own and bring the statistics of large numbers to bear on the question “How unusual is Earth?” As the answer to that emerges, we will make progress on another question: How unusual is life?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/18742/studying-exoplanets-what-a-thousand-points-of-light-might-reveal-about-earth","authors":["6228"],"categories":["science_28","science_38"],"tags":["science_1073","science_5186","science_25","science_1272"],"featImg":"science_18743","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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