California Condors Confront Bird Flu in Flight From Extinction
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Southern California Mountain Lions Face Local Extinction
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World’s Last Male Northern White Rhino Dies
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Climate Change Spells Extinction for Pikas of Lake Tahoe
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She has won several regional Emmy awards, a regional and a national Edward R. Murrow award. The Association for Health Journalists awarded Lesley best beat coverage. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her reporting several times. The Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her ongoing coverage of California's historic drought. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before joining KQED in 2016, she covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, the environment for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for both KUOW and KCTS9 in Seattle. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When not hunched over her laptop Lesley enjoys skiing with her toddler, surfing with her husband or scheming their next globetrotting adventure. Before motherhood she relished dancing tango till sunrise. When on deadline she fuels herself almost exclusively on chocolate chips.\u003c/span>\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"lesleywmcclurg","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lesley McClurg | KQED","description":"KQED Health Correspondent","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3fb78e873af3312f34d0bc1d60a07c7f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lesleymcclurg"},"hhagemann":{"type":"authors","id":"11578","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11578","found":true},"name":"Hannah 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FM","link":"/"}},"science_1982698":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1982698","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1982698","score":null,"sort":[1683912468000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-condors-confront-bird-flu-in-flight-from-extinction","title":"California Condors Confront Bird Flu in Flight From Extinction","publishDate":1683912468,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Condors Confront Bird Flu in Flight From Extinction | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The California condor is facing the deadliest strain of avian influenza in U.S. history, and the outbreak could jeopardize the iconic vulture with its 10-foot wingspan decades after \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/north-america-condors-us-news-ut-state-wire-az-state-wire-d1425cf1e17249f088a00b2f14a319b9\">conservationists saved the species from extinction\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nine newly hatched chicks, covered in downy white feathers, give condor-keepers at the Los Angeles Zoo hope that the endangered population of North America’s largest soaring land birds will once again thrive after 40 years of aggressive efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With fewer than 350 condors in the wild — in flocks that span from the Pacific Northwest to Baja California, Mexico — the historic outbreak means ongoing breeding-in-captivity and rewilding programs like the LA Zoo’s remain essential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year and a half, millions of birds across the U.S. have died from avian flu, including \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/health-business-minnesota-environment-0ec6d3f11b09ddd023d7d5d50ab7f8c1\">more than 430 bald eagles\u003c/a> and some 58 million turkeys and commercial chickens \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/disease-outbreaks-iowa-business-health-bird-flu-2c9ca4b3d04f3c0269a1fee233daa3a6\">that were euthanized to prevent the spread of the disease\u003c/a>. Bird flu is further suspected in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/health-maine-flu-seals-national-oceanic-and-atmospheric-administration-66939e32ca206ab0c150953e55d22434\">deaths of dozens of seals\u003c/a> off the coast of Maine last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the strain is believed to have caused \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-condor-deaths-arizona-utah-avian-flu-cc83480a4979a235c44e27d1890ab340\">the deaths of at least 22 California condors in Arizona\u003c/a>, which were part of a flock in the Southwest that typically accounts for a third of the species’ entire wild population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts are now concerned the strain could further affect condors by rapidly spreading across state lines through the spring migration. More than two dozen environmental advocates this week urged the federal government to expedite approvals for a vaccine that would be given to both condors in the wild and in captivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advocates, which include the Center for Biological Diversity, warned in a letter that the flu strain is “jeopardizing the existence” of the famed bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Endangered condor chicks hatch at LA Zoo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OFw1_T8Cixg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California condor is at risk of extinction once again, and once again, an emergency vaccination campaign is required to stave off a deadly infection and possible extinction,” they wrote, referencing the success of the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/west-nile-virus\">West Nile virus\u003c/a> vaccine for condors in the early 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the 50th anniversary of the Endangered Species Act approaches, wildlife officials say the species still cannot sustain itself without human intervention — even though humans are also to blame for much of its losses outside the avian flu, including deaths from lead ammunition poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s going to take some changes in behavior from the humans on the planet so that we can really address the threats to the species,” said Ashleigh Blackford, California condor coordinator for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a California law banning lead ammunition for hunting, it is still readily used. The condors scavenge meat from dead animals, felled by the lead ammunition, and fall ill — often fatally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really hard to watch a bird you raised come back and die in your arms,” said Los Angeles Zoo condor-keeper Chandra David, who has tended to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/2e9f542f808ec2ee54daf612651422bc\">lead-poisoned condors\u003c/a> brought back to the zoo for treatment. “And there’s nothing we can do about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, spring is a time for hope. At breeding programs in the U.S. and Mexico, chicks are hatching and online “condor cams” provide live feeds for fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a funny species in that it really is not your typical charismatic species, right? They are a little bit on the ugly side. Most people are not endeared to vultures, but this one in particular (is different),” Blackford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the condor looms large in California culture — even if it’s not the official state bird (that’s the California quail). The mascot for the Los Angeles Clippers is Chuck the Condor and one of the birds in flight is featured prominently on the state quarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The population was nearly wiped out by hunting during the California Gold Rush, as well as poisoning from toxic pesticide DDT and lead ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, all 22 California condors left in the wild were \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/85dbcded1311eb38156766664cec55b1\">controversially captured\u003c/a> and put into captive breeding programs to save the species. Zoo-bred birds were first released into the wild in 1992 and in the years since have been reintroduced into habitats they’d disappeared from — including the Yurok Tribe’s ancestral lands in Northern California. The ongoing rewilding efforts are considered a conservation success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took decades to drive species toward extinction and it’s, in many cases, going to take decades to bring them back,” said Noah Greenwald, endangered species director for the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The condor is intrinsically tied to several Native American tribes in the West. The Havasupai people, for example, say the condor flew their ancestors from the bottom of the Grand Canyon to the top — its wings creating the famous striations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Yurok Tribe, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/travel-california-wildlife-parks-national-fefbd6b9ed15698c0b6507fa6f60317d\">the work to bring the condors back\u003c/a> highlights how Native Americans are reclaiming their traditional roles as stewards of the land — “which was a role that was taken from us forcibly post-contact,” said Tiana Williams-Claussen, director of the tribe’s wildlife department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as prey-go-neesh in Yurok, the revered condor disappeared from the region in the late 1800s. In 2021, Williams-Claussen and her team, building on a promise made by tribal leaders in 2003, watched as captive-bred condors took flight over Yurok lands for the first time in more than a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribe hopes to release four to six captive-bred birds into the wild annually over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately our goal, of course, is to have birds without tags, without transmitters, that can just reintegrate into our ecosystem,” Williams-Claussen said, “into our cultural lifeways again.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Forty years after California condors were on the brink of extinction, aggressive conservation efforts and breeding-in-captivity programs remain as essential as ever.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846012,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":979},"headData":{"title":"California Condors Confront Bird Flu in Flight From Extinction | KQED","description":"Forty years after California condors were on the brink of extinction, aggressive conservation efforts and breeding-in-captivity programs remain as essential as ever.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Stefanie Dazio \u003cbr> The Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1982698/california-condors-confront-bird-flu-in-flight-from-extinction","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California condor is facing the deadliest strain of avian influenza in U.S. history, and the outbreak could jeopardize the iconic vulture with its 10-foot wingspan decades after \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/north-america-condors-us-news-ut-state-wire-az-state-wire-d1425cf1e17249f088a00b2f14a319b9\">conservationists saved the species from extinction\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nine newly hatched chicks, covered in downy white feathers, give condor-keepers at the Los Angeles Zoo hope that the endangered population of North America’s largest soaring land birds will once again thrive after 40 years of aggressive efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With fewer than 350 condors in the wild — in flocks that span from the Pacific Northwest to Baja California, Mexico — the historic outbreak means ongoing breeding-in-captivity and rewilding programs like the LA Zoo’s remain essential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year and a half, millions of birds across the U.S. have died from avian flu, including \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/health-business-minnesota-environment-0ec6d3f11b09ddd023d7d5d50ab7f8c1\">more than 430 bald eagles\u003c/a> and some 58 million turkeys and commercial chickens \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/disease-outbreaks-iowa-business-health-bird-flu-2c9ca4b3d04f3c0269a1fee233daa3a6\">that were euthanized to prevent the spread of the disease\u003c/a>. Bird flu is further suspected in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/health-maine-flu-seals-national-oceanic-and-atmospheric-administration-66939e32ca206ab0c150953e55d22434\">deaths of dozens of seals\u003c/a> off the coast of Maine last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the strain is believed to have caused \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-condor-deaths-arizona-utah-avian-flu-cc83480a4979a235c44e27d1890ab340\">the deaths of at least 22 California condors in Arizona\u003c/a>, which were part of a flock in the Southwest that typically accounts for a third of the species’ entire wild population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts are now concerned the strain could further affect condors by rapidly spreading across state lines through the spring migration. More than two dozen environmental advocates this week urged the federal government to expedite approvals for a vaccine that would be given to both condors in the wild and in captivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advocates, which include the Center for Biological Diversity, warned in a letter that the flu strain is “jeopardizing the existence” of the famed bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Endangered condor chicks hatch at LA Zoo\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OFw1_T8Cixg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California condor is at risk of extinction once again, and once again, an emergency vaccination campaign is required to stave off a deadly infection and possible extinction,” they wrote, referencing the success of the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/west-nile-virus\">West Nile virus\u003c/a> vaccine for condors in the early 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the 50th anniversary of the Endangered Species Act approaches, wildlife officials say the species still cannot sustain itself without human intervention — even though humans are also to blame for much of its losses outside the avian flu, including deaths from lead ammunition poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s going to take some changes in behavior from the humans on the planet so that we can really address the threats to the species,” said Ashleigh Blackford, California condor coordinator for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a California law banning lead ammunition for hunting, it is still readily used. The condors scavenge meat from dead animals, felled by the lead ammunition, and fall ill — often fatally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really hard to watch a bird you raised come back and die in your arms,” said Los Angeles Zoo condor-keeper Chandra David, who has tended to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/2e9f542f808ec2ee54daf612651422bc\">lead-poisoned condors\u003c/a> brought back to the zoo for treatment. “And there’s nothing we can do about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, spring is a time for hope. At breeding programs in the U.S. and Mexico, chicks are hatching and online “condor cams” provide live feeds for fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a funny species in that it really is not your typical charismatic species, right? They are a little bit on the ugly side. Most people are not endeared to vultures, but this one in particular (is different),” Blackford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the condor looms large in California culture — even if it’s not the official state bird (that’s the California quail). The mascot for the Los Angeles Clippers is Chuck the Condor and one of the birds in flight is featured prominently on the state quarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The population was nearly wiped out by hunting during the California Gold Rush, as well as poisoning from toxic pesticide DDT and lead ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, all 22 California condors left in the wild were \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/85dbcded1311eb38156766664cec55b1\">controversially captured\u003c/a> and put into captive breeding programs to save the species. Zoo-bred birds were first released into the wild in 1992 and in the years since have been reintroduced into habitats they’d disappeared from — including the Yurok Tribe’s ancestral lands in Northern California. The ongoing rewilding efforts are considered a conservation success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took decades to drive species toward extinction and it’s, in many cases, going to take decades to bring them back,” said Noah Greenwald, endangered species director for the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The condor is intrinsically tied to several Native American tribes in the West. The Havasupai people, for example, say the condor flew their ancestors from the bottom of the Grand Canyon to the top — its wings creating the famous striations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Yurok Tribe, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/travel-california-wildlife-parks-national-fefbd6b9ed15698c0b6507fa6f60317d\">the work to bring the condors back\u003c/a> highlights how Native Americans are reclaiming their traditional roles as stewards of the land — “which was a role that was taken from us forcibly post-contact,” said Tiana Williams-Claussen, director of the tribe’s wildlife department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as prey-go-neesh in Yurok, the revered condor disappeared from the region in the late 1800s. In 2021, Williams-Claussen and her team, building on a promise made by tribal leaders in 2003, watched as captive-bred condors took flight over Yurok lands for the first time in more than a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribe hopes to release four to six captive-bred birds into the wild annually over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately our goal, of course, is to have birds without tags, without transmitters, that can just reintegrate into our ecosystem,” Williams-Claussen said, “into our cultural lifeways again.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1982698/california-condors-confront-bird-flu-in-flight-from-extinction","authors":["byline_science_1982698"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1574","science_205","science_260","science_819"],"featImg":"science_1982702","label":"science"},"science_1978710":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1978710","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1978710","score":null,"sort":[1647262847000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"heres-what-we-gain-from-preserving-natures-sounds","title":"Here's What We Gain From Preserving Nature's Sounds","publishDate":1647262847,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Here’s What We Gain From Preserving Nature’s Sounds | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>From birdsong and crashing waves to the whisper of the wind in the trees, the natural world is brimming with diverse soundscapes. But according to author and biologist David George Haskell, many of Earth’s soundscapes are in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noise pollution from mining and industrial shipping in the oceans has become so loud that aquatic creatures struggle to communicate with each other. Birds and insects that fill the night with chirps and caws are steadily decreasing. Scientists talk about biodiversity of species all the time, but what about sonic diversity?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his new book, “\u003ca href=\"https://dghaskell.com/sounds-wild-and-broken/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sounds Wild and Broken: Sonic Marvels, Evolution’s Creativity, and the Crisis of Sensory Extinction\u003c/a>,” Haskell writes that the world’s soundscapes are at risk, threatened by human noise pollution and habitat destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He warns that if people continue to ignore, destroy and smother the world’s sounds, we threaten our ability to connect with the natural world, as well as endangering even more species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Mina Kim spoke with Haskell, a biology professor at Sewanee in Tennessee, about his book, the acoustic crisis and the power of listening closely to our own neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This conversation has been lightly edited for length and clarity. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101888111/david-george-haskell-on-preserving-the-earths-sonic-diversity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">listen to the full Forum segment\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MINA KIM\u003c/strong>: One of the things I was really struck by as I was reading your book, and also hearing the examples given to us by listeners, was how many people said that their favorite sounds were made by birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as you remind us in the book, a third of North American songbirds have disappeared in the last half century. And so this is in part what you mean, when you say the diverse sounds of the world are now in crisis?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAVID GEORGE HASKELL\u003c/strong>: Birds are a good way into this. Certainly, in my own journey, I started listening to birds and identifying species, and then individuals, and then came to understand all the nuances of the landscape and the seasons through them. Many people have this connection. Birds are very much like us in their sensory systems. They’re acoustic and visual, and listening to them, of course, brings us great joy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also teaches us that we live in an age of diminishment. Listening is a way of discerning that decline. For example, when scientists go out to survey birds, almost 90% — and in tropical areas, it’s more like 99% — of the birds that you would count in your survey you get through your ears, because you’re in, for example, dense forest, where you can’t see the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You’ve said if there’s an acoustic hell, it’s in today’s oceans. Why do you say that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oceans live in this place that is beyond our senses. If you’re standing on the ocean shore, you won’t hear it unless it’s very, very loud. Most sound waves that come up from the deep ocean hit the surface and bounce back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when we are close to the ocean, we have a sensory disconnection from what’s happening below the waves. And over the last several decades, shipping noise has vastly increased — [there’s] lots of sonar, particularly from military vessels, and also seismic exploration of the oceans, where air guns are used. They blast off every few seconds, over weeks and months, and turn the ocean into this tumult of sound that is almost unsurpassed in any terrestrial environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the particular problem for ocean creatures is that this isn’t just annoying, or an inconvenience. This destroys their ability to communicate with one another. And sometimes the sound is loud enough that it’s actually destroying them from the inside physiologically, because sound in the ocean flows through the skin into the watery bodies of creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If we care about maintaining and expanding sonic diversity at this stage, where Earth is rapidly changing, what can we do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of things we can do. One of the things I tried to do with my students over the years is open our senses to the stories that are present around us every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sound is an invitation into appreciation of the diversity of life, the many voices of other species. It’s also a great teacher about problems of environmental injustice and environmental racism. Why is it that certain neighborhoods and cities have highways routed through them, and are exposed to higher levels of urban noise and traffic noise and air pollution than others? By listening to our own neighborhoods — both for the beauty, but also the brokenness around us — we can get a sense of, “What can my gifts and talents do to mesh with the world to produce productive change in my own community?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You talk about how sound has the power to evoke memories and emotions, but you also say that sound is generative. Can you explain what you mean by that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing that stunned me while researching for this book: going back in time and realizing how much sonic connection from one creature to another — or from one nonliving entity to another — has been a creative force in biological evolution and cultural change. But also in the makeup of the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very first sound waves passed through the hot plasma of the universe when it was a compact, blazing little ball of heat. As the universe expanded, the plasma cooled, and those sound waves still run through the universe today as the microwave background radiation that astronomers can pick up with … their instruments. The peaks of those little sound waves became the first clusters of atoms around which the stars and galaxies formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first sound waves of the universe seeded the stars and the galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once life evolved on planet Earth, sound became a way for creatures to connect. All sorts of amazing beauty and diversity emerges because of the sonic connection from one being to another.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Soundscapes around the world are at risk from noise pollution and habitat destruction.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846300,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1031},"headData":{"title":"Here's What We Gain From Preserving Nature's Sounds | KQED","description":"Soundscapes around the world are at risk from noise pollution and habitat destruction.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Guananí Gómez-Van Cortright ","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/science/1978710/heres-what-we-gain-from-preserving-natures-sounds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From birdsong and crashing waves to the whisper of the wind in the trees, the natural world is brimming with diverse soundscapes. But according to author and biologist David George Haskell, many of Earth’s soundscapes are in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noise pollution from mining and industrial shipping in the oceans has become so loud that aquatic creatures struggle to communicate with each other. Birds and insects that fill the night with chirps and caws are steadily decreasing. Scientists talk about biodiversity of species all the time, but what about sonic diversity?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his new book, “\u003ca href=\"https://dghaskell.com/sounds-wild-and-broken/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sounds Wild and Broken: Sonic Marvels, Evolution’s Creativity, and the Crisis of Sensory Extinction\u003c/a>,” Haskell writes that the world’s soundscapes are at risk, threatened by human noise pollution and habitat destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He warns that if people continue to ignore, destroy and smother the world’s sounds, we threaten our ability to connect with the natural world, as well as endangering even more species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Mina Kim spoke with Haskell, a biology professor at Sewanee in Tennessee, about his book, the acoustic crisis and the power of listening closely to our own neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This conversation has been lightly edited for length and clarity. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101888111/david-george-haskell-on-preserving-the-earths-sonic-diversity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">listen to the full Forum segment\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MINA KIM\u003c/strong>: One of the things I was really struck by as I was reading your book, and also hearing the examples given to us by listeners, was how many people said that their favorite sounds were made by birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as you remind us in the book, a third of North American songbirds have disappeared in the last half century. And so this is in part what you mean, when you say the diverse sounds of the world are now in crisis?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAVID GEORGE HASKELL\u003c/strong>: Birds are a good way into this. Certainly, in my own journey, I started listening to birds and identifying species, and then individuals, and then came to understand all the nuances of the landscape and the seasons through them. Many people have this connection. Birds are very much like us in their sensory systems. They’re acoustic and visual, and listening to them, of course, brings us great joy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also teaches us that we live in an age of diminishment. Listening is a way of discerning that decline. For example, when scientists go out to survey birds, almost 90% — and in tropical areas, it’s more like 99% — of the birds that you would count in your survey you get through your ears, because you’re in, for example, dense forest, where you can’t see the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You’ve said if there’s an acoustic hell, it’s in today’s oceans. Why do you say that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oceans live in this place that is beyond our senses. If you’re standing on the ocean shore, you won’t hear it unless it’s very, very loud. Most sound waves that come up from the deep ocean hit the surface and bounce back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when we are close to the ocean, we have a sensory disconnection from what’s happening below the waves. And over the last several decades, shipping noise has vastly increased — [there’s] lots of sonar, particularly from military vessels, and also seismic exploration of the oceans, where air guns are used. They blast off every few seconds, over weeks and months, and turn the ocean into this tumult of sound that is almost unsurpassed in any terrestrial environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the particular problem for ocean creatures is that this isn’t just annoying, or an inconvenience. This destroys their ability to communicate with one another. And sometimes the sound is loud enough that it’s actually destroying them from the inside physiologically, because sound in the ocean flows through the skin into the watery bodies of creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If we care about maintaining and expanding sonic diversity at this stage, where Earth is rapidly changing, what can we do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of things we can do. One of the things I tried to do with my students over the years is open our senses to the stories that are present around us every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sound is an invitation into appreciation of the diversity of life, the many voices of other species. It’s also a great teacher about problems of environmental injustice and environmental racism. Why is it that certain neighborhoods and cities have highways routed through them, and are exposed to higher levels of urban noise and traffic noise and air pollution than others? By listening to our own neighborhoods — both for the beauty, but also the brokenness around us — we can get a sense of, “What can my gifts and talents do to mesh with the world to produce productive change in my own community?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You talk about how sound has the power to evoke memories and emotions, but you also say that sound is generative. Can you explain what you mean by that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing that stunned me while researching for this book: going back in time and realizing how much sonic connection from one creature to another — or from one nonliving entity to another — has been a creative force in biological evolution and cultural change. But also in the makeup of the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very first sound waves passed through the hot plasma of the universe when it was a compact, blazing little ball of heat. As the universe expanded, the plasma cooled, and those sound waves still run through the universe today as the microwave background radiation that astronomers can pick up with … their instruments. The peaks of those little sound waves became the first clusters of atoms around which the stars and galaxies formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first sound waves of the universe seeded the stars and the galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once life evolved on planet Earth, sound became a way for creatures to connect. All sorts of amazing beauty and diversity emerges because of the sonic connection from one being to another.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1978710/heres-what-we-gain-from-preserving-natures-sounds","authors":["byline_science_1978710"],"categories":["science_2874","science_28","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1120","science_5196","science_260","science_4414"],"featImg":"science_1978770","label":"source_science_1978710"},"science_1942124":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1942124","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1942124","score":null,"sort":[1558550639000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"heres-how-we-now-know-a-3-million-year-old-mouse-had-red-fur","title":"Here's How We Now Know a 3-Million-Year-Old Mouse Had Red Fur","publishDate":1558550639,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Here’s How We Now Know a 3-Million-Year-Old Mouse Had Red Fur | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Scientists can now “see” more accurately what long-extinct species looked like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers from the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in Menlo Park and the University of Manchester have created a chemical image of a 3-million year-old mouse, published Tuesday in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-10087-2?utm_source=Media+List+%28Hand-Curated%29&utm_campaign=d51fa26100-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_05_20_04_57&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_2da964dfb8-d51fa26100-41843785\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Nature Communications\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The mouse doesn’t look too different from those scurrying around today. The major discovery was its coloring: It \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> had red fur and a white stomach.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Paleontology has concerned itself with what you can see with your naked eye,” said Nick Edwards, a SLAC researcher and co-author of the paper. “That was all we had as a tool for many years, decades even.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But now, using X-ray fluorescence imaging, researchers can map elements like zinc and sulfur that function as color markers. Elements have a unique amount of energy, or wavelength, they emit when bombarded with light. Based on the location of those elements in fossils, scientists can reconstruct the animal’s coloring in real life.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The technique could lead to some new discoveries, Edwards said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s actually that chemistry that could tell us about another level of ancient life, as opposed to just, ‘Here’s how it looked, here’s how it may have moved.’ It’s really like how it may have functioned at the biological level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiment marked the first time scientists have been able to detect a chemical signature of pheomelanin — the same red form of melanin present in animals’ red hair today — in an extinct species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1942148\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1942148 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-1020x490.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-1020x490.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-160x77.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-800x384.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-768x369.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-1200x576.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-1920x922.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SLAC researchers imaged the 3-million-year-old mouse. Using elemental markers like zinc and sulfur, they found it likely had red fur and a white stomach.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The technique has some limitations. Edwards explained it can’t use elements to pick up bright blues, yellows, greens and pinks. Only melanin pigments incorporate trace metals into their structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SLAC and University of Manchester researchers are also using the method to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921055/hunting-for-historical-buried-treasure-x-rays-mark-the-spot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">uncover the original writing\u003c/a> on an ancient medical manuscript. Beyond that, the same approach may be used to investigate how pollution moves deep underground over thousands to millions of years, Edwards says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In small doses, elements like zinc, copper and magnesium are harmless. But in larger doses, these same elements can be harmful to human health. So the team is exploring how they could use 3D imaging and X-ray fluorescence to investigate the paths metals take through layers of soil and rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we go and dump some organic materials and chemicals into the ground, how are those sort of taken up?” Edwards said. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Understanding how this kind of matter degrades and lasts over tens of millions of years is pretty important.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new color-marking technique could have many uses beyond re-envisioning ancient rodents.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848656,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":473},"headData":{"title":"Here's How We Now Know a 3-Million-Year-Old Mouse Had Red Fur | KQED","description":"A new color-marking technique could have many uses beyond re-envisioning ancient rodents.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Animals","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1942124/heres-how-we-now-know-a-3-million-year-old-mouse-had-red-fur","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists can now “see” more accurately what long-extinct species looked like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers from the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in Menlo Park and the University of Manchester have created a chemical image of a 3-million year-old mouse, published Tuesday in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-10087-2?utm_source=Media+List+%28Hand-Curated%29&utm_campaign=d51fa26100-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_05_20_04_57&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_2da964dfb8-d51fa26100-41843785\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Nature Communications\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The mouse doesn’t look too different from those scurrying around today. The major discovery was its coloring: It \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> had red fur and a white stomach.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Paleontology has concerned itself with what you can see with your naked eye,” said Nick Edwards, a SLAC researcher and co-author of the paper. “That was all we had as a tool for many years, decades even.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But now, using X-ray fluorescence imaging, researchers can map elements like zinc and sulfur that function as color markers. Elements have a unique amount of energy, or wavelength, they emit when bombarded with light. Based on the location of those elements in fossils, scientists can reconstruct the animal’s coloring in real life.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The technique could lead to some new discoveries, Edwards said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s actually that chemistry that could tell us about another level of ancient life, as opposed to just, ‘Here’s how it looked, here’s how it may have moved.’ It’s really like how it may have functioned at the biological level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiment marked the first time scientists have been able to detect a chemical signature of pheomelanin — the same red form of melanin present in animals’ red hair today — in an extinct species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1942148\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1942148 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-1020x490.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-1020x490.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-160x77.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-800x384.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-768x369.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-1200x576.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final-1920x922.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/mighty_mouse_fossil_leadart_final.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SLAC researchers imaged the 3-million-year-old mouse. Using elemental markers like zinc and sulfur, they found it likely had red fur and a white stomach.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The technique has some limitations. Edwards explained it can’t use elements to pick up bright blues, yellows, greens and pinks. Only melanin pigments incorporate trace metals into their structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SLAC and University of Manchester researchers are also using the method to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921055/hunting-for-historical-buried-treasure-x-rays-mark-the-spot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">uncover the original writing\u003c/a> on an ancient medical manuscript. Beyond that, the same approach may be used to investigate how pollution moves deep underground over thousands to millions of years, Edwards says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In small doses, elements like zinc, copper and magnesium are harmless. But in larger doses, these same elements can be harmful to human health. So the team is exploring how they could use 3D imaging and X-ray fluorescence to investigate the paths metals take through layers of soil and rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we go and dump some organic materials and chemicals into the ground, how are those sort of taken up?” Edwards said. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Understanding how this kind of matter degrades and lasts over tens of millions of years is pretty important.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1942124/heres-how-we-now-know-a-3-million-year-old-mouse-had-red-fur","authors":["11578"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_29","science_40"],"tags":["science_3840","science_260","science_3370","science_3834"],"featImg":"science_1942147","label":"source_science_1942124"},"science_1939457":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1939457","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1939457","score":null,"sort":[1553184521000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"extinction-vortex-threatens-southern-california-mountain-lions","title":"Southern California Mountain Lions Face Local Extinction","publishDate":1553184521,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Southern California Mountain Lions Face Local Extinction | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Lions once prevalent over two Southern California mountain ranges could disappear entirely within 50 years, risking local extinction because of conditions both environmental and genetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the conclusion of \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eap.1868\">a new study\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Ecological Applications\u003c/em> that uses 15 years of observational data, modeling and DNA analysis to analyze how cougar populations are changing in the Santa Monica and Santa Ana mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coastal Santa Monica range is home to about 15 mountain lions; 30 more survive in the Santa Anas, straddling Orange and Riverside counties. They’re penned in by a century of development, ranch and agricultural land, and freeways – U.S. 101 in the Santa Monicas, Interstate 15 in the Santa Anas – that are two of the busiest in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are often to blame for mountain lion deaths: cars and rat poison are two common killers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our research has shown that the mountain lions in the coastal Santa Ana Mountain Range are primarily put at risk by restriction of their movement across I-15,” says T. Winston Vickers, an associate veterinarian at UC Davis who co-authored the report, “and their high mortality rates from vehicle collisions and being killed after they have killed unprotected pets or livestock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study pegs the chance of local extinction for the two lion populations at between 16 and 21 percent on the basis of geographic factors alone. And authors say inbreeding caused by the tiny available genetic pool could itself cause rapid extinction. Seth Riley, a co-author on the study and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/nature/pumapage.htm\">National Park Service wildlife ecologist\u003c/a>, called that result “sobering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the report’s lead author says the group’s modeling offers reason for optimism, too, in that enabling lions to cross freeways could minimize risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wouldn’t actually take a whole lot more movement of mountain lions,” said John Benson, an ecologist at the University of Nebraska. “Just one every couple of years maybe, where these populations could maintain their genetic diversity and decrease their extinction probability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineered wildlife crossings carry steep price tags. One \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/d7/projects/libertycanyon/\">proposed at Liberty Canyon\u003c/a>, near the 101 freeway in Agoura Hills, could cost $60 million. If funded, it could break ground within three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benson says it would offer permanent benefits and an example to other communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re able to do it here in Los Angeles, we can probably do it anywhere,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The situation is dire but not hopeless for some of SoCal's remaining cougars.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848776,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":423},"headData":{"title":"Southern California Mountain Lions Face Local Extinction | KQED","description":"The situation is dire but not hopeless for some of SoCal's remaining cougars.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Wildlife","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1939457/extinction-vortex-threatens-southern-california-mountain-lions","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lions once prevalent over two Southern California mountain ranges could disappear entirely within 50 years, risking local extinction because of conditions both environmental and genetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the conclusion of \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eap.1868\">a new study\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Ecological Applications\u003c/em> that uses 15 years of observational data, modeling and DNA analysis to analyze how cougar populations are changing in the Santa Monica and Santa Ana mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coastal Santa Monica range is home to about 15 mountain lions; 30 more survive in the Santa Anas, straddling Orange and Riverside counties. They’re penned in by a century of development, ranch and agricultural land, and freeways – U.S. 101 in the Santa Monicas, Interstate 15 in the Santa Anas – that are two of the busiest in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are often to blame for mountain lion deaths: cars and rat poison are two common killers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our research has shown that the mountain lions in the coastal Santa Ana Mountain Range are primarily put at risk by restriction of their movement across I-15,” says T. Winston Vickers, an associate veterinarian at UC Davis who co-authored the report, “and their high mortality rates from vehicle collisions and being killed after they have killed unprotected pets or livestock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study pegs the chance of local extinction for the two lion populations at between 16 and 21 percent on the basis of geographic factors alone. And authors say inbreeding caused by the tiny available genetic pool could itself cause rapid extinction. Seth Riley, a co-author on the study and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/nature/pumapage.htm\">National Park Service wildlife ecologist\u003c/a>, called that result “sobering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the report’s lead author says the group’s modeling offers reason for optimism, too, in that enabling lions to cross freeways could minimize risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wouldn’t actually take a whole lot more movement of mountain lions,” said John Benson, an ecologist at the University of Nebraska. “Just one every couple of years maybe, where these populations could maintain their genetic diversity and decrease their extinction probability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineered wildlife crossings carry steep price tags. One \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/d7/projects/libertycanyon/\">proposed at Liberty Canyon\u003c/a>, near the 101 freeway in Agoura Hills, could cost $60 million. If funded, it could break ground within three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benson says it would offer permanent benefits and an example to other communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re able to do it here in Los Angeles, we can probably do it anywhere,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1939457/extinction-vortex-threatens-southern-california-mountain-lions","authors":["11223"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_3840","science_260","science_3830"],"featImg":"science_1939476","label":"source_science_1939457"},"science_1936468":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1936468","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1936468","score":null,"sort":[1546975083000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"george-reclusive-hawaiian-snail-and-last-of-his-kind-dies-at-14","title":"George, Reclusive Hawaiian Snail and Last of His Kind, Dies at 14","publishDate":1546975083,"format":"standard","headTitle":"George, Reclusive Hawaiian Snail and Last of His Kind, Dies at 14 | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>George, the last of his species of Hawaiian land snail, died on New Year’s Day. He was approximately 14 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His death was \u003ca href=\"http://dlnr.hawaii.gov/blog/2019/01/04/nr18-249/\">confirmed\u003c/a> by Hawaii’s Department of Land and Natural Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George was born as part of a last-ditch effort to save his species. Back in 1997, the last 10 known \u003cem>Achatinella apexfulva \u003c/em>were brought into a University of Hawaii lab to try to increase their numbers. Some offspring resulted, but all of them died – except for George.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the last remaining \u003cem>A. apexfulva\u003c/em>, George lived out his days alone in a cage at DLNR’s snail lab in Kailua, Oahu, alongside 30 other species close to extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who knew George say he kept to himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a snail he was a little bit of a hermit,” David Sischo, a wildlife biologist with the Hawaii Invertebrate Program, tells NPR. “I very rarely saw him outside of his shell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sischo said George likely died of old age, as 14 is “up there in snail years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While those who knew George use male pronouns to talk about him, George was a hermaphrodite. With both male and female parts, some snails can reproduce without a partner. But seemingly not \u003cem>A. apexfulva\u003c/em>: George leaves no survivors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while George (named for \u003ca href=\"https://www.galapagos.org/about_galapagos/about-galapagos/lonesome-george/\">the last surviving\u003c/a> Pinta Island Galapagos tortoise) was but one shy snail, his death takes place amid a crisis for native snails in the Hawaiian Islands, which have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/is-hawaii-the-extinction-capital-of-the-world-exhibit-a-the-alala-bird/2016/04/25/3f45c6ac-f210-11e5-89c3-a647fcce95e0_story.html?utm_term=.3b138cd45e44\">called\u003c/a> “the extinction capital of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Island flora and fauna in general are pretty susceptible to pressures that are brought in from outside areas, such as introduced species,” Sischo explains. “A lot of the animals that evolved here don’t have a lot of natural defenses to mammalian predators and diseases that are brought in from mainland areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1936474\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1936474\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hawaii’s Snail Extinction Prevention Program works to save rare and endangered snail species, like those seen here. These species, endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, occur nowhere else in the world. \u003ccite>(David Sischo/Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hawaii’s native snail populations have been decimated by a series of invasive species arriving there, including \u003ca href=\"http://dlnr.hawaii.gov/removerats/home/impacts-of-rodents-mongooses/\">rats\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/hisc/info/invasive-species-profiles/jacksons-chameleon/\">Jackson’s chameleons\u003c/a>, a native of Kenya brought to the islands as pets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there is Snail Enemy Number One: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tsusinvasives.org/home/database/euglandina-rosea\">rosy wolfsnail\u003c/a>. A predatory Florida snail introduced to Hawaii in the 1950s to control agricultural pests, it has an enormous appetite for other snails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately it hasn’t been a great bio control for what it was brought in for, and it’s just completely devouring our native snail fauna,” Sischo says. “That particular invasive species is probably the main driver of extinction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to save Hawaii’s imperiled snails, Sischo and his colleagues at the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/ecosystems/hip/sep/\">Snail Extinction Prevention Program\u003c/a> will jump into action if they recognize that a species’ population is crashing or spot a very rare snail. They will bring members of the species into captivity, put up predator-proof fencing around small habitat areas, and then reintroduce species into those areas. Sischo calls these measures “manning the lifeboats” – a sort of stopgap against extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But time is running short: Sischo suspects most of the large tree snail species on the islands that are alive now will be extinct in the wild within the next five to 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the tools to protect these species, it’s just a matter of if we can do it in enough time,” he says. “It’s hard to convey that timeframe to people because they don’t understand how quickly we’re losing these things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the longer term, biotechnology like \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05665-1\">CRISPR “gene drives”\u003c/a> may be able to eliminate predators. And in 2017, a couple millimeters from George’s foot were taken to San Diego’s \u003ca href=\"https://institute.sandiegozoo.org/resources/frozen-zoo%C2%AE\">Frozen Zoo\u003c/a>, where his cells live on in deep freeze, waiting for advances in snail cloning. But those technologies aren’t here yet, so for now, Sischo and his colleagues move as fast as they can, scooping up rare snails and installing fences.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter noborder\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/gIm16jdqlTM\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2017, Honolulu Magazine visited George at the snail lab. (HONOLULUMagazine YouTube)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Snails have major cultural importance in the Hawaiian Islands, where folklore often depicts snails as being able to sing. People who grew up in the islands have told Sischo about walking up the hill from their houses, shaking the trees and collecting snails by the bucketload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, “it’s a ghost town” if you’re looking for native snails, Sischo says. “We go to these areas and the host plants are there, and the conditions are right, and they’re just not there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sischo’s line of work, witnessing the last days of a species is common. He estimates that since he began working with snails in 2007, he’s been the last person to see 10 or 20 species in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, his heart sank a bit when he learned that George had died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not so much that this one particular snail died, but it’s all of the history that goes with George,” he says, explaining that \u003cem>A. apexfulva \u003c/em>was the very first snail species in the Hawaiian Islands to be described by Western science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, he’s the last of his kind. … To have that last individual perish under your watch, it’s pretty depressing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=George%2C+Reclusive+Hawaiian+Snail+And+Last+Of+His+Kind%2C+Dies+At+14&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"While he was but one very lonely \u003cem>Achatinella apexfulva\u003c/em>, his death takes place amid a crisis for Hawaii's native snails, whose populations have been decimated by invasive species.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927217,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":966},"headData":{"title":"George, Reclusive Hawaiian Snail and Last of His Kind, Dies at 14 | KQED","description":"While he was but one very lonely Achatinella apexfulva, his death takes place amid a crisis for Hawaii's native snails, whose populations have been decimated by invasive species.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Animals","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"David Sischo","nprByline":"Laurel Wamsley\u003cbr/>NPR","nprImageAgency":"Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources","nprStoryId":"682908544","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=682908544&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/07/682908544/george-reclusive-hawaiian-snail-and-last-of-his-kind-dies-at-14?ft=nprml&f=682908544","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 07 Jan 2019 18:36:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 07 Jan 2019 18:36:14 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 07 Jan 2019 18:36:26 -0500","path":"/science/1936468/george-reclusive-hawaiian-snail-and-last-of-his-kind-dies-at-14","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>George, the last of his species of Hawaiian land snail, died on New Year’s Day. He was approximately 14 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His death was \u003ca href=\"http://dlnr.hawaii.gov/blog/2019/01/04/nr18-249/\">confirmed\u003c/a> by Hawaii’s Department of Land and Natural Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George was born as part of a last-ditch effort to save his species. Back in 1997, the last 10 known \u003cem>Achatinella apexfulva \u003c/em>were brought into a University of Hawaii lab to try to increase their numbers. Some offspring resulted, but all of them died – except for George.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the last remaining \u003cem>A. apexfulva\u003c/em>, George lived out his days alone in a cage at DLNR’s snail lab in Kailua, Oahu, alongside 30 other species close to extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who knew George say he kept to himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a snail he was a little bit of a hermit,” David Sischo, a wildlife biologist with the Hawaii Invertebrate Program, tells NPR. “I very rarely saw him outside of his shell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sischo said George likely died of old age, as 14 is “up there in snail years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While those who knew George use male pronouns to talk about him, George was a hermaphrodite. With both male and female parts, some snails can reproduce without a partner. But seemingly not \u003cem>A. apexfulva\u003c/em>: George leaves no survivors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while George (named for \u003ca href=\"https://www.galapagos.org/about_galapagos/about-galapagos/lonesome-george/\">the last surviving\u003c/a> Pinta Island Galapagos tortoise) was but one shy snail, his death takes place amid a crisis for native snails in the Hawaiian Islands, which have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/is-hawaii-the-extinction-capital-of-the-world-exhibit-a-the-alala-bird/2016/04/25/3f45c6ac-f210-11e5-89c3-a647fcce95e0_story.html?utm_term=.3b138cd45e44\">called\u003c/a> “the extinction capital of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Island flora and fauna in general are pretty susceptible to pressures that are brought in from outside areas, such as introduced species,” Sischo explains. “A lot of the animals that evolved here don’t have a lot of natural defenses to mammalian predators and diseases that are brought in from mainland areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1936474\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1936474\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/achatinellinae-subfamily-snail-collage__sq-fd712f7cc941324a6fb3b79145e79a046af00530-s800-c85-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hawaii’s Snail Extinction Prevention Program works to save rare and endangered snail species, like those seen here. These species, endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, occur nowhere else in the world. \u003ccite>(David Sischo/Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hawaii’s native snail populations have been decimated by a series of invasive species arriving there, including \u003ca href=\"http://dlnr.hawaii.gov/removerats/home/impacts-of-rodents-mongooses/\">rats\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/hisc/info/invasive-species-profiles/jacksons-chameleon/\">Jackson’s chameleons\u003c/a>, a native of Kenya brought to the islands as pets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there is Snail Enemy Number One: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tsusinvasives.org/home/database/euglandina-rosea\">rosy wolfsnail\u003c/a>. A predatory Florida snail introduced to Hawaii in the 1950s to control agricultural pests, it has an enormous appetite for other snails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately it hasn’t been a great bio control for what it was brought in for, and it’s just completely devouring our native snail fauna,” Sischo says. “That particular invasive species is probably the main driver of extinction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to save Hawaii’s imperiled snails, Sischo and his colleagues at the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/ecosystems/hip/sep/\">Snail Extinction Prevention Program\u003c/a> will jump into action if they recognize that a species’ population is crashing or spot a very rare snail. They will bring members of the species into captivity, put up predator-proof fencing around small habitat areas, and then reintroduce species into those areas. Sischo calls these measures “manning the lifeboats” – a sort of stopgap against extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But time is running short: Sischo suspects most of the large tree snail species on the islands that are alive now will be extinct in the wild within the next five to 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the tools to protect these species, it’s just a matter of if we can do it in enough time,” he says. “It’s hard to convey that timeframe to people because they don’t understand how quickly we’re losing these things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the longer term, biotechnology like \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05665-1\">CRISPR “gene drives”\u003c/a> may be able to eliminate predators. And in 2017, a couple millimeters from George’s foot were taken to San Diego’s \u003ca href=\"https://institute.sandiegozoo.org/resources/frozen-zoo%C2%AE\">Frozen Zoo\u003c/a>, where his cells live on in deep freeze, waiting for advances in snail cloning. But those technologies aren’t here yet, so for now, Sischo and his colleagues move as fast as they can, scooping up rare snails and installing fences.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter noborder\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/gIm16jdqlTM\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2017, Honolulu Magazine visited George at the snail lab. (HONOLULUMagazine YouTube)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Snails have major cultural importance in the Hawaiian Islands, where folklore often depicts snails as being able to sing. People who grew up in the islands have told Sischo about walking up the hill from their houses, shaking the trees and collecting snails by the bucketload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, “it’s a ghost town” if you’re looking for native snails, Sischo says. “We go to these areas and the host plants are there, and the conditions are right, and they’re just not there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sischo’s line of work, witnessing the last days of a species is common. He estimates that since he began working with snails in 2007, he’s been the last person to see 10 or 20 species in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, his heart sank a bit when he learned that George had died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not so much that this one particular snail died, but it’s all of the history that goes with George,” he says, explaining that \u003cem>A. apexfulva \u003c/em>was the very first snail species in the Hawaiian Islands to be described by Western science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, he’s the last of his kind. … To have that last individual perish under your watch, it’s pretty depressing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=George%2C+Reclusive+Hawaiian+Snail+And+Last+Of+His+Kind%2C+Dies+At+14&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1936468/george-reclusive-hawaiian-snail-and-last-of-his-kind-dies-at-14","authors":["byline_science_1936468"],"categories":["science_2874","science_35","science_16","science_40"],"tags":["science_1120","science_261","science_192","science_260","science_3838","science_1320"],"featImg":"science_1936469","label":"source_science_1936468"},"science_1926952":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1926952","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1926952","score":null,"sort":[1530910834000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"study-provides-clues-to-fate-of-early-north-american-dogs","title":"Study Provides Clues to Fate of Early North American Dogs","publishDate":1530910834,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Study Provides Clues to Fate of Early North American Dogs | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A new study provides fresh evidence that the first dogs of North America all but disappeared after the arrival of Europeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only surviving legacy appears to be a cancer that arose from the cells of a dog that lived more than 8,000 years ago and has since spread to other canines throughout the world, an international team reported Thursday in the journal Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers compared the genomes of ancient and modern American dogs. Results confirm that the first domesticated dogs of North America arrived with people from Asia over the same Bering land bridge used much earlier by humans. These dogs thrived for thousands of years, but mostly vanished after contact with Europeans. Scientists don’t know why they disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just find it really surprising,” says geneticist Elinor Karlsson from the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester, who did not participate in the study. “There were millions and millions of dogs all over the continent (that) died out after the Europeans arrived. And the fact that we don’t know anything about it is kind of a big hole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an attempt to fill in the historical gaps, researchers sequenced the genetic material of 71 dog remains collected from bones found in Siberia, the United States and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they compared it to the genetic makeup of modern pooches, they confirmed what other scientists have long suggested: The first dogs of North America, similar to Arctic dogs like Siberian huskies or Alaskan malamutes, were brought to the continent when people crossed the land bridge that formed between Russia and Canada. It’s not known when the dogs first arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Elaine Ostrander, a canine genetics expert from the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, this finding reveals something about our own behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where people go, so go their dogs,” said Ostrander, who was not part of the study. “This study reinforces that idea and takes it back to nearly the beginning of dogdom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers could not find any trace of ancient dog DNA in modern-day village dogs from South America or pre-Columbian breeds like the xoloitzcuintli, the Mexican hairless dog. Less than 4 percent of the genome of modern American dogs can be traced back to those that lived before the Europeans came, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The indigenous dogs did appear to leave a genetic legacy: a rare dog cancer known as canine transmissible venereal tumor, or CTVT, that affected a single dog several thousand years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the closest remaining vestige of this lost dog lineage,” co-author Elizabeth Murchison, a geneticist at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The indigenous dogs did appear to leave a genetic legacy: a rare dog cancer that affected a single dog several thousand years ago.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927727,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":460},"headData":{"title":"Study Provides Clues to Fate of Early North American Dogs | KQED","description":"The indigenous dogs did appear to leave a genetic legacy: a rare dog cancer that affected a single dog several thousand years ago.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Animals","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Emiliano Rodriguez Mega\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1926952/study-provides-clues-to-fate-of-early-north-american-dogs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new study provides fresh evidence that the first dogs of North America all but disappeared after the arrival of Europeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only surviving legacy appears to be a cancer that arose from the cells of a dog that lived more than 8,000 years ago and has since spread to other canines throughout the world, an international team reported Thursday in the journal Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers compared the genomes of ancient and modern American dogs. Results confirm that the first domesticated dogs of North America arrived with people from Asia over the same Bering land bridge used much earlier by humans. These dogs thrived for thousands of years, but mostly vanished after contact with Europeans. Scientists don’t know why they disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just find it really surprising,” says geneticist Elinor Karlsson from the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester, who did not participate in the study. “There were millions and millions of dogs all over the continent (that) died out after the Europeans arrived. And the fact that we don’t know anything about it is kind of a big hole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an attempt to fill in the historical gaps, researchers sequenced the genetic material of 71 dog remains collected from bones found in Siberia, the United States and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they compared it to the genetic makeup of modern pooches, they confirmed what other scientists have long suggested: The first dogs of North America, similar to Arctic dogs like Siberian huskies or Alaskan malamutes, were brought to the continent when people crossed the land bridge that formed between Russia and Canada. It’s not known when the dogs first arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Elaine Ostrander, a canine genetics expert from the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, this finding reveals something about our own behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where people go, so go their dogs,” said Ostrander, who was not part of the study. “This study reinforces that idea and takes it back to nearly the beginning of dogdom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers could not find any trace of ancient dog DNA in modern-day village dogs from South America or pre-Columbian breeds like the xoloitzcuintli, the Mexican hairless dog. Less than 4 percent of the genome of modern American dogs can be traced back to those that lived before the Europeans came, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The indigenous dogs did appear to leave a genetic legacy: a rare dog cancer known as canine transmissible venereal tumor, or CTVT, that affected a single dog several thousand years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the closest remaining vestige of this lost dog lineage,” co-author Elizabeth Murchison, a geneticist at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1926952/study-provides-clues-to-fate-of-early-north-american-dogs","authors":["byline_science_1926952"],"categories":["science_2874","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_1120","science_374","science_2266","science_260"],"featImg":"science_1926956","label":"source_science_1926952"},"science_1921460":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1921460","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1921460","score":null,"sort":[1521566440000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"worlds-last-male-northern-white-rhino-dies","title":"World’s Last Male Northern White Rhino Dies","publishDate":1521566440,"format":"standard","headTitle":"World’s Last Male Northern White Rhino Dies | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The death of the world’s last male northern white rhino, Sudan, doesn’t end efforts to save a subspecies of one of the world’s most recognizable animals. The focus now turns to his stored semen and that of four other dead rhinos, as well as the perfection of in vitro fertilization techniques and the critical need to keep the remaining two females alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever happens, conservationists hope the lessons learned in the endeavor can be applied to other critically endangered species.[contextly_sidebar id=”hNky3rbYVSB1QrGbUUmAlji5B3QgFiHb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 45-year-old Sudan, who won widespread affection last year with his listing as “The Most Eligible Bachelor in the World” on the Tinder dating app in a fundraising effort, was euthanized on Monday after “age-related complications,” researchers said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his death, the world saw the shadow of extinction approach before their eyes. “Utter tragedy today,” British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson tweeted. “We can’t just sit back and watch more species disappear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rhino “stole the heart of many with his dignity and strength,” said the Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya, where Sudan lived. It said his condition had “worsened significantly,” to the point where he was no longer able to stand. His muscles and bones had degenerated and his skin had extensive wounds, including a deep infection on his back right leg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Surrogate Mothers\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEuthanasia was “the best option, given the quality of his life had deteriorated to a point where it was unfair to him,” chief conservation officer Samuel Mutisya told The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan had been central to the ambitious effort to save the subspecies from extinction after decades of decimation by poachers, along with the two surviving females. One is his 27-year-old offspring, Najin, and the other is her 17-year-old offspring, Fatu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is now just a matter of months before eggs are extracted from the two females, said Jan Stejskal, director of international projects at Dvur Kralove Zoo in the Czech Republic, where Sudan lived before coming to Kenya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have developed a technique to extract the eggs, using females from the similar southern white rhino subspecies from European zoos, Stejskal said. The genetic material would have to be transferred to a lab in Italy that he said was the only place where embryos of northern white rhinos can be created.[contextly_sidebar id=”1cDwfJkKbeYJAqs5ELJecwQmOiNqpkBz”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Creating embryos has been tried only on southern white rhinos and it isn’t guaranteed the procedure will work on northern white rhinos, Stejskal added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be a miracle to succeed on the first try,” he said. “Chances are we won’t succeed and will have to travel to Africa for the eggs in several months again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the procedure is eventually successful, scientists will use southern white rhinos in Kenya and in European zoos as surrogate mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While chances of success with in vitro fertilization are slim “we believe that giving up is not an option,” the veterinarian at the Kenya conservancy, Dr. Stephen Ngulu, told the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teams in Europe and the United States also have been working for years on the possibility of using stem cell technologies to create an embryo, but that route would take years longer.[contextly_sidebar id=”dQfWCO2BvLcB4tj8QijsP2eD9iL55EON”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan ended up being part of that work as well. “His genetic material was collected yesterday and provides a hope for future attempts at reproduction of northern white rhinos through advanced cellular technologies,” the Kenya conservancy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ultimate goal is to create a herd of five to 15 animals that would be returned to their natural habitat in Africa. That could take decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan’s death “is a cruel symbol of human disregard for nature and it saddened everyone who knew him. But we should not give up,” Stejskal said. “It may sound unbelievable, but thanks to the newly developed techniques even Sudan could still have another offspring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Poacher Threat\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSudan was the last of his kind to be born in the wild, in the country that is his namesake. He was taken to the Czech zoo and then transferred to Kenya in 2009, along with the only other remaining northern white rhinos, the two females and a male who died in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were placed under 24-hour armed guard and fed a special diet. “However, despite the fact that they were seen mating, there were no successful pregnancies,” the conservancy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rangers caring for Sudan described him as gentle and, as his condition worsened in recent weeks, expressed sadness over his imminent death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some groups, including London-based Save the Rhino, have said in vitro fertilization is probably too late to save the northern white rhino, whose natural habitat in Chad, Sudan, Uganda, Congo and Central African Republic has been ravaged by conflicts in the region. They say the efforts should focus on other critically endangered species with a better chance at survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other rhinos, the southern white rhino and another species, the black rhino, are under heavy pressure from poachers who kill them for their horns to supply illegal markets in parts of Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 20,000 southern white rhinos remain in Africa.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The focus now turns to his stored semen and the critical need to keep the remaining two females alive.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928084,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":898},"headData":{"title":"World’s Last Male Northern White Rhino Dies | KQED","description":"The focus now turns to his stored semen and the critical need to keep the remaining two females alive.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Animals","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Tom Odula\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1921460/worlds-last-male-northern-white-rhino-dies","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The death of the world’s last male northern white rhino, Sudan, doesn’t end efforts to save a subspecies of one of the world’s most recognizable animals. The focus now turns to his stored semen and that of four other dead rhinos, as well as the perfection of in vitro fertilization techniques and the critical need to keep the remaining two females alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever happens, conservationists hope the lessons learned in the endeavor can be applied to other critically endangered species.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 45-year-old Sudan, who won widespread affection last year with his listing as “The Most Eligible Bachelor in the World” on the Tinder dating app in a fundraising effort, was euthanized on Monday after “age-related complications,” researchers said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his death, the world saw the shadow of extinction approach before their eyes. “Utter tragedy today,” British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson tweeted. “We can’t just sit back and watch more species disappear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rhino “stole the heart of many with his dignity and strength,” said the Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya, where Sudan lived. It said his condition had “worsened significantly,” to the point where he was no longer able to stand. His muscles and bones had degenerated and his skin had extensive wounds, including a deep infection on his back right leg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Surrogate Mothers\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEuthanasia was “the best option, given the quality of his life had deteriorated to a point where it was unfair to him,” chief conservation officer Samuel Mutisya told The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan had been central to the ambitious effort to save the subspecies from extinction after decades of decimation by poachers, along with the two surviving females. One is his 27-year-old offspring, Najin, and the other is her 17-year-old offspring, Fatu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is now just a matter of months before eggs are extracted from the two females, said Jan Stejskal, director of international projects at Dvur Kralove Zoo in the Czech Republic, where Sudan lived before coming to Kenya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have developed a technique to extract the eggs, using females from the similar southern white rhino subspecies from European zoos, Stejskal said. The genetic material would have to be transferred to a lab in Italy that he said was the only place where embryos of northern white rhinos can be created.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Creating embryos has been tried only on southern white rhinos and it isn’t guaranteed the procedure will work on northern white rhinos, Stejskal added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be a miracle to succeed on the first try,” he said. “Chances are we won’t succeed and will have to travel to Africa for the eggs in several months again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the procedure is eventually successful, scientists will use southern white rhinos in Kenya and in European zoos as surrogate mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While chances of success with in vitro fertilization are slim “we believe that giving up is not an option,” the veterinarian at the Kenya conservancy, Dr. Stephen Ngulu, told the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teams in Europe and the United States also have been working for years on the possibility of using stem cell technologies to create an embryo, but that route would take years longer.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan ended up being part of that work as well. “His genetic material was collected yesterday and provides a hope for future attempts at reproduction of northern white rhinos through advanced cellular technologies,” the Kenya conservancy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ultimate goal is to create a herd of five to 15 animals that would be returned to their natural habitat in Africa. That could take decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan’s death “is a cruel symbol of human disregard for nature and it saddened everyone who knew him. But we should not give up,” Stejskal said. “It may sound unbelievable, but thanks to the newly developed techniques even Sudan could still have another offspring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Poacher Threat\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSudan was the last of his kind to be born in the wild, in the country that is his namesake. He was taken to the Czech zoo and then transferred to Kenya in 2009, along with the only other remaining northern white rhinos, the two females and a male who died in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were placed under 24-hour armed guard and fed a special diet. “However, despite the fact that they were seen mating, there were no successful pregnancies,” the conservancy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rangers caring for Sudan described him as gentle and, as his condition worsened in recent weeks, expressed sadness over his imminent death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some groups, including London-based Save the Rhino, have said in vitro fertilization is probably too late to save the northern white rhino, whose natural habitat in Chad, Sudan, Uganda, Congo and Central African Republic has been ravaged by conflicts in the region. They say the efforts should focus on other critically endangered species with a better chance at survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other rhinos, the southern white rhino and another species, the black rhino, are under heavy pressure from poachers who kill them for their horns to supply illegal markets in parts of Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 20,000 southern white rhinos remain in Africa.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1921460/worlds-last-male-northern-white-rhino-dies","authors":["byline_science_1921460"],"categories":["science_2874","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_1120","science_205","science_260"],"featImg":"science_1921463","label":"source_science_1921460"},"science_1920548":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1920548","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1920548","score":null,"sort":[1519940848000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"health-of-worlds-last-male-northern-white-rhino-in-decline","title":"Health of World’s Last Male Northern White Rhino in Decline","publishDate":1519940848,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Health of World’s Last Male Northern White Rhino in Decline | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The health of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://video.kqed.org/video/3009671402/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last male northern white rhino\u003c/a> has deteriorated, bringing the rhino subspecies a step closer to extinction caused by poaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 45-year-old rhino named Sudan, listed as “The Most Eligible Bachelor in the World” on the Tinder dating app last year as a fundraiser, lives with the last two female northern white rhinos. Kenya’s Ol Pejeta Conservancy said Thursday that Sudan was struggling despite 24-hour care by veterinarians.[contextly_sidebar id=”ziL3lh5VAv8FPMAREXOHlJ9Hygfmq1N2″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan appeared to recover well from an infection that developed on his back right leg at the end of 2017 but another, deeper infection was recently discovered in the same area, the conservancy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very concerned about him — he’s extremely old for a rhino and we do not want him to suffer unnecessarily,” the conservancy said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan and the females Najin and Fatu, along with a second male from the same subspecies that since died, arrived at Ol Pejeta from a Czech zoo in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/06/05/deextinction-debate-should-extinct-species-be-revived/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hope to save\u003c/a> the northern white rhino from extinction by using southern white rhinos as surrogates to carry northern white rhino embryos and give birth. The in vitro process would be conducted using sperm from dead rhinos that is stored in Berlin and eggs extracted by surgery from the females at Ol Pejeta, according to the conservancy.[contextly_sidebar id=”0aU7KTrXFso00QmPYvFslFrKBeHabt2c”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego’s zoo had some northern white rhinos, but the last one died in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern white rhinos once roamed parts of Chad, Sudan, Uganda, Congo and Central African Republic, and there were more than 2,000 remaining as recently as 1960, according to Save the Rhino International, a London-based group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last northern white rhinos in the wild were observed more than a decade ago in Congo’s Garamba National Park, whose animals have often been targeted by armed groups amid conflict in the region. Efforts to safeguard the subspecies by moving a small number to Kenya collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are roughly 20,000 southern white rhinos in Africa after efforts to save them from extinction began in the 1950s. Their numbers had dwindled to fewer than 100 in the late 19th century because of uncontrolled hunting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African rhinos remain under intense pressure from poachers who kill them to meet demand for their horns in illegal markets, primarily in Vietnam and China. There are about 5,000 critically endangered black rhinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Asia, the greater one-horned rhino species has been recovering and has a population of several thousand. The Sumatran and Javan rhinos are in extreme peril, with fewer than 100 of each species remaining.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists hope to save the species from extinction by using southern white rhinos as surrogates.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928160,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":456},"headData":{"title":"Health of World’s Last Male Northern White Rhino in Decline | KQED","description":"Scientists hope to save the species from extinction by using southern white rhinos as surrogates.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Christopher Torchia\u003cbr />The Associated Press","path":"/science/1920548/health-of-worlds-last-male-northern-white-rhino-in-decline","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The health of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://video.kqed.org/video/3009671402/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last male northern white rhino\u003c/a> has deteriorated, bringing the rhino subspecies a step closer to extinction caused by poaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 45-year-old rhino named Sudan, listed as “The Most Eligible Bachelor in the World” on the Tinder dating app last year as a fundraiser, lives with the last two female northern white rhinos. Kenya’s Ol Pejeta Conservancy said Thursday that Sudan was struggling despite 24-hour care by veterinarians.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan appeared to recover well from an infection that developed on his back right leg at the end of 2017 but another, deeper infection was recently discovered in the same area, the conservancy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very concerned about him — he’s extremely old for a rhino and we do not want him to suffer unnecessarily,” the conservancy said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan and the females Najin and Fatu, along with a second male from the same subspecies that since died, arrived at Ol Pejeta from a Czech zoo in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/06/05/deextinction-debate-should-extinct-species-be-revived/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hope to save\u003c/a> the northern white rhino from extinction by using southern white rhinos as surrogates to carry northern white rhino embryos and give birth. The in vitro process would be conducted using sperm from dead rhinos that is stored in Berlin and eggs extracted by surgery from the females at Ol Pejeta, according to the conservancy.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego’s zoo had some northern white rhinos, but the last one died in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern white rhinos once roamed parts of Chad, Sudan, Uganda, Congo and Central African Republic, and there were more than 2,000 remaining as recently as 1960, according to Save the Rhino International, a London-based group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last northern white rhinos in the wild were observed more than a decade ago in Congo’s Garamba National Park, whose animals have often been targeted by armed groups amid conflict in the region. Efforts to safeguard the subspecies by moving a small number to Kenya collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are roughly 20,000 southern white rhinos in Africa after efforts to save them from extinction began in the 1950s. Their numbers had dwindled to fewer than 100 in the late 19th century because of uncontrolled hunting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African rhinos remain under intense pressure from poachers who kill them to meet demand for their horns in illegal markets, primarily in Vietnam and China. There are about 5,000 critically endangered black rhinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Asia, the greater one-horned rhino species has been recovering and has a population of several thousand. The Sumatran and Javan rhinos are in extreme peril, with fewer than 100 of each species remaining.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1920548/health-of-worlds-last-male-northern-white-rhino-in-decline","authors":["byline_science_1920548"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_1120","science_182","science_192","science_260"],"featImg":"science_1920550","label":"science"},"science_1915117":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1915117","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1915117","score":null,"sort":[1504166427000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"climate-change-spells-extinction-for-pikas-of-lake-tahoe","title":"Climate Change Spells Extinction for Pikas of Lake Tahoe","publishDate":1504166427,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Climate Change Spells Extinction for Pikas of Lake Tahoe | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>One of north Lake Tahoe’s cutest residents, the American pika, has disappeared. UC Santa Cruz researchers have discovered an extinction spanning from Tahoe City to Truckee, the largest pika die-off in the modern era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0181834\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study, \u003c/a>published in \u003cem>PLOS One\u003c/em>, shows how the effects of climate change are playing out in real time. For six years, a team led by biologist Joseph Stewart scouted without luck for the small high-altitude mammals in a 65-square-mile area of the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart said they found signs that pikas once flourished in the region as late as 1991, but today the animals are strangely missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The loss of pikas from this large area of otherwise suitable habitat echoes prehistoric range collapses that happened when temperatures increased after the last ice age,” said Stewart. “This time, however, we’re seeing the effects of climate change unfold on a scale of decades as opposed to millennia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pikas are squeaky rabbit relatives about the size of a hamster. All summer long they hop from talus fields to meadows, carrying bouquets of wildflowers and grass to their high altitude homes storing up enough food for winter. Pikas have a thick fur coats and a furnace-like metabolism that helps during frigid days, but makes them vulnerable to hot summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915122\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915122 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-768x551.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-1020x732.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-1180x846.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-960x689.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-375x269.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-520x373.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010.jpg 1252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">American pikas spend summers carrying mouthfuls of grass and wildflowers to their homes tucked between rocks. \u003ccite>(Chris Ray)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers believe they simply can’t survive when it gets hot. When temperatures spike, pikas hide underground to avoid overheating. Unfortunately, long hours underground mean they’re not collecting food, which limits survival and reproduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart predicts habitat that’s suitable for pikas will decrease by 97 percent in the Lake Tahoe region by 2050, which will leave a void in the food chain. Pikas are important prey for owls, hawks, coyotes and weasels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915135\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915135 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-1020x1020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited.jpg 1462w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Temperatures recorded from weather station in Tahoe City, Ca. \u003ccite>(UC Santa Cruz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two other recent studies show that pikas have disappeared from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318725184_A_Surprising_Discovery_of_American_Pika_Sites_in_the_Northwestern_Great_Basin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Black Rock Range\u003c/a> in Nevada and from \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/97/6/1495/2628942/Pika-Ochotona-princeps-losses-from-two-isolated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zion National Park\u003c/a> in Utah. Researchers believe the die-off in Zion happened sometime between 2011 and 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, efforts to protect pikas on the endangered species list have failed both on the state and federal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers say the American pika has disappeared from a large area of the Sierra Nevada mountains.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928406,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":392},"headData":{"title":"Climate Change Spells Extinction for Pikas of Lake Tahoe | KQED","description":"Researchers say the American pika has disappeared from a large area of the Sierra Nevada mountains.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1915117/climate-change-spells-extinction-for-pikas-of-lake-tahoe","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of north Lake Tahoe’s cutest residents, the American pika, has disappeared. UC Santa Cruz researchers have discovered an extinction spanning from Tahoe City to Truckee, the largest pika die-off in the modern era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0181834\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study, \u003c/a>published in \u003cem>PLOS One\u003c/em>, shows how the effects of climate change are playing out in real time. For six years, a team led by biologist Joseph Stewart scouted without luck for the small high-altitude mammals in a 65-square-mile area of the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart said they found signs that pikas once flourished in the region as late as 1991, but today the animals are strangely missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The loss of pikas from this large area of otherwise suitable habitat echoes prehistoric range collapses that happened when temperatures increased after the last ice age,” said Stewart. “This time, however, we’re seeing the effects of climate change unfold on a scale of decades as opposed to millennia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pikas are squeaky rabbit relatives about the size of a hamster. All summer long they hop from talus fields to meadows, carrying bouquets of wildflowers and grass to their high altitude homes storing up enough food for winter. Pikas have a thick fur coats and a furnace-like metabolism that helps during frigid days, but makes them vulnerable to hot summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915122\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915122 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-768x551.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-1020x732.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-1180x846.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-960x689.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-375x269.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-520x373.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010.jpg 1252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">American pikas spend summers carrying mouthfuls of grass and wildflowers to their homes tucked between rocks. \u003ccite>(Chris Ray)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers believe they simply can’t survive when it gets hot. When temperatures spike, pikas hide underground to avoid overheating. Unfortunately, long hours underground mean they’re not collecting food, which limits survival and reproduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart predicts habitat that’s suitable for pikas will decrease by 97 percent in the Lake Tahoe region by 2050, which will leave a void in the food chain. Pikas are important prey for owls, hawks, coyotes and weasels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915135\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915135 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-1020x1020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/figureedited.jpg 1462w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Temperatures recorded from weather station in Tahoe City, Ca. \u003ccite>(UC Santa Cruz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two other recent studies show that pikas have disappeared from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318725184_A_Surprising_Discovery_of_American_Pika_Sites_in_the_Northwestern_Great_Basin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Black Rock Range\u003c/a> in Nevada and from \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/97/6/1495/2628942/Pika-Ochotona-princeps-losses-from-two-isolated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zion National Park\u003c/a> in Utah. Researchers believe the die-off in Zion happened sometime between 2011 and 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, efforts to protect pikas on the endangered species list have failed both on the state and federal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1915117/climate-change-spells-extinction-for-pikas-of-lake-tahoe","authors":["11229"],"categories":["science_2874","science_31","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_194","science_260","science_3370","science_5185"],"featImg":"science_1915118","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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