Link Between High Blood Sugar and Alzheimer's Is Bolstered by New Research in Mice
Amputations for Black and Latino Diabetics a 'Mega-Disparity'
Stanford Scientists Use Fruit Flies to Study Diabetes
Everything You Know about Cholesterol Is Probably Wrong
Virus-Induced Type 2 Diabetes
Career Spotlight: Bioengineer
Sponsored
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"science_1949608":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1949608","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1949608","found":true},"title":"A PET scan shows metabolism of sugar in the human brain.","publishDate":1571677074,"status":"inherit","parent":1949607,"modified":1571679367,"caption":"A PET scan shows metabolism of sugar in the human brain.","credit":"Science Source","description":"A PET scan shows metabolism of sugar in the human brain.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-1020x679.jpg","width":1020,"height":679,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-1200x799.jpg","width":1200,"height":799,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-1920x1279.jpg","width":1920,"height":1279,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1.jpg","width":3072,"height":2046}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_1941033":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_1941033","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"1941033","found":true},"title":"diabetic amputations","publishDate":1556746627,"status":"inherit","parent":1941025,"modified":1556752785,"caption":"Jackson Moss lost part of his right foot due to a complication of diabetes. He is trying to save the rest of it with the help of his wife, Bernadette.","credit":"Heidi de Marco/KHN","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/amputations-6_1350-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/amputations-6_1350-800x534.jpg","width":800,"height":534,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/amputations-6_1350-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/amputations-6_1350-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/amputations-6_1350-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/amputations-6_1350-1024x576.jpg","width":1024,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/amputations-6_1350.jpg","width":1024,"height":683}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_20356":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_20356","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"20356","found":true},"title":"Drosophila FEATURE - Dahanukar Lab UC Riverside","publishDate":1407358389,"status":"inherit","parent":20354,"modified":1407358389,"caption":"Tiny fruit flies will help Stanford scientists study the complicated genetics of type 2 diabetes. (Dahanukar Lab/UC Riverside)","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Drosophila-FEATURE-Dahanukar-Lab-UC-Riverside.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_19133":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_19133","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"19133","found":true},"title":"KQED_sweets","publishDate":1404870064,"status":"inherit","parent":19127,"modified":1404870064,"caption":"Recent research suggests that cutting down on sugar does more to protect the heart than avoiding saturated fats. (Alex/Flickr)","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/KQED_sweets.jpg","width":635,"height":357}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_6826":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_6826","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"6826","found":true},"title":"MSglucose2","publishDate":1375993557,"status":"inherit","parent":6821,"modified":1375993557,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/MSglucose2.jpg","width":479,"height":265}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"science_3692":{"type":"attachments","id":"science_3692","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"science","id":"3692","found":true},"title":"Desai multiscreen 640","publishDate":1369959576,"status":"inherit","parent":3502,"modified":1369959576,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/Desai-multiscreen-640.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_science_1949607":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1949607","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1949607","name":"Jon Hamilton\u003c/br>NPR","isLoading":false},"byline_science_1941025":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_science_1941025","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_science_1941025","name":"Anna Gorman\u003cbr />Kaiser Health News","isLoading":false},"jennyoh":{"type":"authors","id":"2100","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"2100","found":true},"name":"Jenny Oh","firstName":"Jenny","lastName":"Oh","slug":"jennyoh","email":"joh@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Audience Engagement Producer, Deep Look","bio":"Jenny is an Emmy Award-winning producer and is currently the Audience Engagement Producer for KQED Science's \u003cem>Deep Look\u003c/em> online video series. She was also a long-time contributor to Bay Area Bites, KQED's popular food blog. Jenny graduated with honors from New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts Film and Television program and has worked for WNET/PBS, The Learning Channel, Sundance Channel, HBO and the University of California.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7ddda0ed657e46dbe66083f569967752?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"pop","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"jpepinheart","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"about","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"education","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jenny Oh | KQED","description":"Audience Engagement Producer, Deep Look","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7ddda0ed657e46dbe66083f569967752?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7ddda0ed657e46dbe66083f569967752?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jennyoh"},"dr-barry-starr":{"type":"authors","id":"6177","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6177","found":true},"name":"Dr. Barry Starr","firstName":"Dr. Barry","lastName":"Starr","slug":"dr-barry-starr","email":"bstarr@thetech.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Dr. Barry Starr (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/geneticsboy\">@geneticsboy\u003c/a>) is a Geneticist-in-Residence at The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose, CA and runs their Stanford at The Tech program. The program is part of an ongoing collaboration between the \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Department of Genetics\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/\">The Tech Museum of Innovation\u003c/a>. Together these two partners created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/permanent/index.php?sGalKey=gtwt&galKey=lt\">Genetics: Technology with a Twist\u003c/a> exhibition.\r\n\r\nYou can also see \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/dr-barry-starr/\">additional posts by Barry at KQED Science\u003c/a>, and read his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/dr-barry-starr/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"geneticsboy","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Dr. Barry Starr | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dr-barry-starr"},"joshua-cassidy":{"type":"authors","id":"6219","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6219","found":true},"name":"Josh Cassidy","firstName":"Josh","lastName":"Cassidy","slug":"joshua-cassidy","email":"jcassidy@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Digital Video Producer","bio":"Josh is a Senior Video Producer for KQED Science, and the Lead Producer and Cinematographer for Deep Look. After receiving his BS in Wildlife Biology from Ohio University, he went on to participate in marine mammal research for NOAA, USGS and the Intersea Foundation. He also served as the president of The Pacific Cetacean Group, a nonprofit organization dedicated to teaching students K-6 about whales. Josh studied science and natural history filmmaking at San Francisco State University and Montana State University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["author","edit_others_posts"]}],"headData":{"title":"Josh Cassidy | KQED","description":"Digital Video Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/joshua-cassidy"},"lizagross":{"type":"authors","id":"6322","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6322","found":true},"name":"Liza Gross","firstName":"Liza","lastName":"Gross","slug":"lizagross","email":"lizagross@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Liza Gross, an award-winning independent journalist and senior editor at the biomedical journal PLOS Biology, writes mostly about conservation and public and environmental health. She was a 2013 recipient of the NYU Reporting Award, a 2013 Dennis Hunt Health Journalism fellow and a 2015 USC Data Journalism fellow.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/lizagross/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Liza Gross | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lizagross"},"acurry":{"type":"authors","id":"6444","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6444","found":true},"name":"Arwen Curry","firstName":"Arwen","lastName":"Curry","slug":"acurry","email":"acurry@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Arwen Curry is Associate Producer of TV at KQED Science. She comes to KQED from documentary film, and is director of \u003cem>Worlds of Ursula K. Le Guin\u003c/em>, a feature documentary about the influential science fiction writer. She was Associate Producer of the films \u003cem>Regarding Susan Sontag\u003c/em>, \u003cem>American Jerusalem: Jews and the Making of San Francisco\u003c/em>, \u003cem>EAMES: The Architect & The Painter\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Utopia in Four Movements\u003c/em>, and co-produced and directed \u003cem>Stuffed\u003c/em>, a short film about compulsive hoarding. Arwen was editor of the punk magazine \u003cem>Maximum Rock 'n' Roll\u003c/em>, and has been a contributor to Radio Lab and McSweeney’s. She is a Bay Area native and a graduate of the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/59af0722ca76a9bcd9dd6da80e683e18?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["leadcoordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Arwen Curry | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/59af0722ca76a9bcd9dd6da80e683e18?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/59af0722ca76a9bcd9dd6da80e683e18?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/acurry"},"lrothjohnson":{"type":"authors","id":"6569","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6569","found":true},"name":"Liz Roth-Johnson","firstName":"Liz","lastName":"Roth-Johnson","slug":"lrothjohnson","email":"lrothjohnson@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Liz Roth-Johnson received her B.A. degrees in Molecular & Cell Biology and Music from UC Berkeley and recently finished her Ph.D. in Molecular Biology at UCLA, where she studied early development in fruit flies. Outside of the lab, Liz co-founded the K-8 science and engineering outreach program BEAM at UCLA and has worked extensively with the public outreach program Science & Food. Liz is delighted to be joining KQED Science as a 2014 AAAS Mass Media Fellow.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2a05f38b66374c92661c37593c548376?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Liz Roth-Johnson | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2a05f38b66374c92661c37593c548376?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2a05f38b66374c92661c37593c548376?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lrothjohnson"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1949607":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1949607","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1949607","score":null,"sort":[1571680539000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"link-between-high-blood-sugar-and-alzheimers-is-bolstered-by-new-research-in-mice","title":"Link Between High Blood Sugar and Alzheimer's Is Bolstered by New Research in Mice","publishDate":1571680539,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Link Between High Blood Sugar and Alzheimer’s Is Bolstered by New Research in Mice | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Brain scientists are offering a new reason to control blood sugar levels: It might help lower your risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s many reasons to get [blood sugar] under control,” says \u003ca href=\"https://neuro.wustl.edu/labs/holtzman_d/Lab-Home/Dr-Holtzman-Bio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Holtzman\u003c/a>, chairman of neurology at Washington University in St. Louis. “But this is certainly one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtzman moderated a panel Sunday at the Society for Neuroscience \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfn.org/meetings/neuroscience-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meeting\u003c/a> in Chicago that featured new research exploring the links between Alzheimer’s and diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The risk for dementia is elevated about twofold in people who have diabetes or \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">metabolic syndrome\u003c/a> (a group of risk factors that often precedes diabetes),” Holtzman says. “But what’s not been clear is what’s the connection?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility involves the way the brain metabolizes sugar, says \u003ca href=\"https://pharmtox.ku.edu/people/liqin-zhao\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Liqin Zhao\u003c/a>, an associate professor in the school of pharmacy at the University of Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhao wanted to know why people whose bodies produce\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4829000/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a protein called ApoE2\u003c/a> are less likely to get Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous research has shown that these people are less likely to develop the sticky plaques in the brain associated with the disease. But Zhao looked at how ApoE2 affects glycolysis, a part of the process that allows brain cells to turn sugar into energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her research found that glycolysis helps brain cells communicate and get rid of toxins associated with Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she gave ApoE2 to mice that develop a form of Alzheimer’s. And sure enough, Zhao says, the substance not only improved energy production in brain cells, it made the cells healthier overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of this together increased the brain’s resilience against Alzheimer’s disease,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another scientist described how mice fed a diet that includes lots of fat and sugar were more likely to develop both diabetes and memory impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The diet caused an increase in dysfunctional brain cells in the mice, says \u003ca href=\"http://uef.academia.edu/SamiGabbouj/CurriculumVitae\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sami Gabbouj\u003c/a> of the Institute of Biomedicine at the University of Eastern Finland. In people, he says, that could “exacerbate” the development of Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep problems are another common feature of both Alzheimer’s and diabetes, says \u003ca href=\"https://school.wakehealth.edu/Faculty/M/Shannon-Lynn-Macauley-Rambach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shannon Macauley\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of gerontology and geriatric medicine at Wake Forest School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She presented research showing that in mice, the brain changes associated with Alzheimer’s do interfere with sleep. But abnormal levels of blood sugar, both high and low, also “lead to disrupted sleep,” she says\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s concerning, she says, because poor sleep is a known risk factor for Alzheimer’s. So maintaining normal blood sugar levels in Alzheimer’s patients could improve their sleep, and might even slow down the disease, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this research on animals could eventually help people, Washington University’s Holtzman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can figure out what diabetes is doing to increase risk, maybe that would lead us to new targets, drug targets or treatment targets,” he says\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Diabetes can double a person's chances of developing Alzheimer's. Now researchers are beginning to understand the role of brain metabolism in the development of the dementia.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848220,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":515},"headData":{"title":"Link Between High Blood Sugar and Alzheimer's Is Bolstered by New Research in Mice | KQED","description":"Diabetes can double a person's chances of developing Alzheimer's. Now researchers are beginning to understand the role of brain metabolism in the development of the dementia.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Jon Hamilton\u003c/br>NPR","nprImageAgency":"Science Source","nprStoryId":"771894448","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=771894448&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/10/21/771894448/keeping-your-blood-sugar-in-check-could-lower-your-alzheimers-risk?ft=nprml&f=771894448","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 21 Oct 2019 12:07:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 21 Oct 2019 12:07:49 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 21 Oct 2019 12:08:41 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2019/10/20191021_me_low_blood_sugar_levels_may_keep_alzheimers_at_bay.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=139&story=771894448&ft=nprml&f=771894448","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1771916466-abead5.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=139&story=771894448&ft=nprml&f=771894448","audioTrackLength":139,"path":"/science/1949607/link-between-high-blood-sugar-and-alzheimers-is-bolstered-by-new-research-in-mice","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2019/10/20191021_me_low_blood_sugar_levels_may_keep_alzheimers_at_bay.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=139&story=771894448&ft=nprml&f=771894448","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Brain scientists are offering a new reason to control blood sugar levels: It might help lower your risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s many reasons to get [blood sugar] under control,” says \u003ca href=\"https://neuro.wustl.edu/labs/holtzman_d/Lab-Home/Dr-Holtzman-Bio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Holtzman\u003c/a>, chairman of neurology at Washington University in St. Louis. “But this is certainly one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtzman moderated a panel Sunday at the Society for Neuroscience \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfn.org/meetings/neuroscience-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meeting\u003c/a> in Chicago that featured new research exploring the links between Alzheimer’s and diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The risk for dementia is elevated about twofold in people who have diabetes or \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">metabolic syndrome\u003c/a> (a group of risk factors that often precedes diabetes),” Holtzman says. “But what’s not been clear is what’s the connection?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility involves the way the brain metabolizes sugar, says \u003ca href=\"https://pharmtox.ku.edu/people/liqin-zhao\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Liqin Zhao\u003c/a>, an associate professor in the school of pharmacy at the University of Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhao wanted to know why people whose bodies produce\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4829000/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a protein called ApoE2\u003c/a> are less likely to get Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous research has shown that these people are less likely to develop the sticky plaques in the brain associated with the disease. But Zhao looked at how ApoE2 affects glycolysis, a part of the process that allows brain cells to turn sugar into energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her research found that glycolysis helps brain cells communicate and get rid of toxins associated with Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she gave ApoE2 to mice that develop a form of Alzheimer’s. And sure enough, Zhao says, the substance not only improved energy production in brain cells, it made the cells healthier overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of this together increased the brain’s resilience against Alzheimer’s disease,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another scientist described how mice fed a diet that includes lots of fat and sugar were more likely to develop both diabetes and memory impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The diet caused an increase in dysfunctional brain cells in the mice, says \u003ca href=\"http://uef.academia.edu/SamiGabbouj/CurriculumVitae\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sami Gabbouj\u003c/a> of the Institute of Biomedicine at the University of Eastern Finland. In people, he says, that could “exacerbate” the development of Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep problems are another common feature of both Alzheimer’s and diabetes, says \u003ca href=\"https://school.wakehealth.edu/Faculty/M/Shannon-Lynn-Macauley-Rambach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shannon Macauley\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of gerontology and geriatric medicine at Wake Forest School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She presented research showing that in mice, the brain changes associated with Alzheimer’s do interfere with sleep. But abnormal levels of blood sugar, both high and low, also “lead to disrupted sleep,” she says\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s concerning, she says, because poor sleep is a known risk factor for Alzheimer’s. So maintaining normal blood sugar levels in Alzheimer’s patients could improve their sleep, and might even slow down the disease, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this research on animals could eventually help people, Washington University’s Holtzman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can figure out what diabetes is doing to increase risk, maybe that would lead us to new targets, drug targets or treatment targets,” he says\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1949607/link-between-high-blood-sugar-and-alzheimers-is-bolstered-by-new-research-in-mice","authors":["byline_science_1949607"],"categories":["science_30","science_39","science_16","science_40"],"tags":["science_235","science_233","science_5181","science_3838"],"featImg":"science_1949608","label":"source_science_1949607"},"science_1941025":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1941025","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1941025","score":null,"sort":[1556814537000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"amputations-for-black-and-latino-diabetics-a-mega-disparity","title":"Amputations for Black and Latino Diabetics a 'Mega-Disparity'","publishDate":1556814537,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Amputations for Black and Latino Diabetics a ‘Mega-Disparity’ | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>On his regular rounds at the University of Southern California’s Keck Hospital, Dr. David Armstrong lives a brutal injustice of American health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]In California, of the 82,000 diabetic amputations from 2011 to 2017, people who were black or Latino were more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to undergo amputations related to diabetes, a Kaiser Health News analysis found.[/pullquote]Each week, dozens of patients with diabetes come to him with deep wounds, severe infections and poor circulation — debilitating complications of a disease that has spiraled out of control. He works to save their limbs, but sometimes Armstrong and his team must resort to amputation to save the patient, a painful and life-altering measure he knows is nearly always preventable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades now, the American medical establishment has known how to manage diabetes. Even as the number of people living with the illness continues to climb — today, estimated at more than 30 million nationwide — the prognosis for those with access to good health care has become far less dire. With the right medication, diet and lifestyle changes, patients can learn to manage their diabetes and lead robust lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet across the country, surgeons still perform tens of thousands of diabetic amputations each year. It’s a drastic procedure that stands as a powerful example of the consequences of being poor, uninsured and cut off from a routine system of quality health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Amputations are an unnecessary consequence of this devastating disease,” said Armstrong, professor of surgery at Keck School of Medicine of USC. “It’s an epidemic within an epidemic. And it’s a problem that’s totally ignored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, where doctors performed more than 82,000 diabetic amputations from 2011 to 2017, people who were black or Latino were more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to undergo amputations related to diabetes, a Kaiser Health News analysis found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pattern is not unique to California. Across the country, studies have shown that diabetic amputations vary significantly not just by race and ethnicity but also by income and geography. Diabetic patients living in communities tat rank in the nation’s bottom quartile by income were nearly 39% more likely to undergo major amputations compared with people living in the highest-income communities, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134914\">2015 study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0148\">2014 study\u003c/a> by UCLA researchers found that people with diabetes in poorer neighborhoods in Los Angeles County were twice as likely to have a foot or leg amputated than those in wealthier areas. The difference was more than tenfold in some parts of the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium alignnone\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/california-amputations3.png\" width=\"1024\" height=\"871\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amputations are considered a “mega-disparity” and dwarf nearly every other health disparity by race and ethnicity, said Dr. Dean Schillinger, a medical professor at the University of California-San Francisco. To begin with, people who are black or Latino are more at risk of diabetes than other groups — a disparity often attributed to socioeconomic factors such as higher rates of poverty and lower levels of education. They also may live in environments with less access to healthy food or places to exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, among those with the disease, blacks and Latinos often get diagnosed after the disease has taken hold and have more complications, such as amputations. “If you go into low-income African American neighborhoods, it is a war zone,” said Schillinger, former chief of the Diabetes Prevention and Control Program at the California Department of Public Health. “You see people wheeling themselves around in wheelchairs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the outrage for researchers is that medical science has made so much headway in diabetes treatment. Nationwide, fewer than \u003ca href=\"https://www.ajmc.com/newsroom/diabetic-amputations-may-be-rising-in-the-united-states\">5 adults out of every 1,000 with diabetes\u003c/a> get amputations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for those who do, the consequences are profound. More than half of amputations in California from 2011 to 2017 occurred among people ages 45 to 64, according to the KHN analysis, meaning many people are left disabled and dependent on others for care during their prime working years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Mother to Son\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson Moss leaned back on his couch and raised his right leg. His wife, Bernadette, sprayed antiseptic on a gaping wound on the sole of his foot before dabbing it with Vaseline and rewrapping it with gauze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A stocky man who used to deliver poultry, Moss, 47, said he had to stop working after his left leg was amputated below the knee about 10 years ago. Later, he lost part of his right foot. With Bernadette’s help, he is trying to save the rest of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1350px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/amputations-8_1350.jpg\" width=\"1350\" height=\"900\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jackson Moss had to stop working after his left leg was amputated below the knee about 10 years ago because of an infected wound that developed in his toe.(Heidi de Marco/California Healthline\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If I didn’t have my wife, I don’t know where I’d be,” said Moss, who wears a prosthesis on his left leg and uses a wheelchair. “I can’t get around good like I used to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moss, who lives in Compton, embodies many of the characteristics of people most likely to get diabetic amputations. He is African American with a relatively low family income: about $30,000 a year from his Social Security disability check and his wife’s job with the county mental health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moss has not always received regular medical care. His mother, who also had a leg amputated from diabetes, would take him to the doctor when he was a boy. But he stopped going as an adult. He didn’t have insurance during much of his 20s and 30s. Medical care just wasn’t a priority, he said, until about 25 years ago when his blood sugar shot up so high he passed out at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he was diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, he started seeing a physician more often. He tried to avoid sugar, as his doctor recommended, but bad habits die hard. “It takes a lot to eat right,” he said, “and it costs more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day, about 10 years ago, he bumped his toe on the bed. He thought little of it until he developed an infected wound. A fever sent him to the hospital, where his lower leg was removed. A few years later, with his diabetes still poorly controlled, he lost the toes on his other foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Moss and his wife said, health providers have sometimes ignored their concerns. They recalled trips to the emergency room when they had to convince doctors his fever came from a diabetes-related infection. “They wouldn’t take my word,” he said. The couple did not see it as discrimination, more like dismissiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Moss goes to a clinic run by Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Hospital, which serves a large Latino and black population in South Los Angeles. On a recent visit, his doctor asked if he was staying off the foot with the wound. “I just get up when I have to go to the restroom and to get in and out of the bed,” Moss responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moss hopes someday he will be able to do more — get back to taking his grandsons to Chuck E. Cheese or playing dominoes with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just sit here all day long,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1350px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/amputations-9_1350.jpg\" width=\"1350\" height=\"900\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moss holds the funeral program for his mother, who also had diabetes.(Heidi de Marco/California Healthline)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘The Most Shameful Metric’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amputations typically start with poorly controlled diabetes, a disease characterized by excess sugar in the blood. Untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as kidney failure and blindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with diabetes often have reduced sensation in their feet, as well as poor circulation. \u003ca href=\"http://mr3health.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/nejmra1615439.pdf\">As many as one-third\u003c/a> of people with the most common form — Type 2 — develop foot ulcers or a break in the skin that can become infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amputations occur after those infections rage out of control and enter the bloodstream or seep deeper into the tissue. People with diabetes often have a condition that makes it harder for blood to circulate and wounds to heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The circumstances that give rise to amputations are complex and often intertwined: Patients may avoid doctors because their family and friends do, or clinics are too far away. Some may delay medical visits because they don’t trust doctors or have limited insurance. Even when they seek treatment, some find it difficult to take medication as directed, adhere to dietary restrictions or stay off an infected foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians with diabetes who have a regular place to go for health care other than the emergency room are less likely to get amputations, according to an analysis conducted for Kaiser Health News by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. If they have a plan to control their diabetes, they also have less chance of amputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis shows that many amputations could be avoided with better access to care and better disease management, said Ninez Ponce, director of the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the most shameful metric we have on quality of care,” Ponce said. “It is a health equity issue. We are a very rich state. We shouldn’t be seeing these diabetic amputations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An amputation often leads to a cascade of setbacks: more infections, more amputations, decreased mobility, social isolation. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26898398\">Research shows\u003c/a> as many as three-quarters of people with diabetes who have had lower-limb amputations die within five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1350px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/amputations-11_1350.jpg\" width=\"1350\" height=\"900\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patricia Zamora gets ready to clean the wound on her foot on Nov. 1, 2018. Zamora was first diagnosed with gestational diabetes and eventually with conventional Type 2.(Heidi de Marco/California Healthline)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The health system bears surprisingly large costs for what remains a relatively uncommon problem. A single lower-limb amputation can cost more than $100,000. By far, government programs — Medicaid and Medicare — pay for the most amputations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say the best bet is to intervene well before they become necessary. People with diabetes are “very much in need of the simplest, basic, cost-effective, easy-to-implement treatments,” said Dr. Philip Goodney, director of the Center for the Evaluation of Surgical Care at Dartmouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with basic measures to control diabetes, regular foot exams are key. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates somewhere between 11% and 28% of people with diabetes get the recommended podiatric care, a yearly foot exam to check for loss of sensation and blood flow. Under federal rules governing Medicaid, the government program for low-income Americans, such care is optional and not covered by every state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California includes it as an optional benefit, limiting access to such care. An \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2017/podiatricservices-brief-jun2017.pdf\">analysis\u003c/a> by UCLA researchers estimated that the use of preventive podiatric services saved the Medi-Cal system — California’s version of Medicaid — up to $97 million in 2014, based on avoided hospital admissions and amputations, and that savings could be much greater if more patients had access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fighting for Jesse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jesse Guerrero is 12, but already knows what diabetes — and amputations — can do to a family. He has seen how life changed since his mom, Patricia Zamora, had her first surgery. She had to stop working as a group home supervisor. They were evicted and eventually moved into his grandmother’s house in Pomona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, they stay home a lot more than they used to. “I want her to get better so we can finally go places,” Jesse said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First diagnosed with gestational diabetes, Zamora, 49, eventually was diagnosed with conventional Type 2. Though her mother has diabetes, she said, she didn’t understand the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/amputations-10_1350.jpg?w=770&h=513&crop=1\" width=\"770\" height=\"513\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jesse Guerrero helps take care of his mom, who has diabetes. “I want her to get better so we can finally go places,” he says.(Heidi de Marco/California Healthline)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her serious troubles started in 2014, when she stubbed her big toe and it turned black and purple. When she finally went to an ER, doctors said it had to be amputated. The next year, after another stumble and another infection, doctors removed the remaining toes on her right foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she is fighting a third wound and risks losing the limb below her knee. She uses a scooter and wears a boot to keep the pressure off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many days, she wants to give up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I can’t,” she said. “I have Jesse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His health is also a concern. Though only in middle school, Jesse is overweight, putting him at greater risk for Type 2 diabetes. She recently took away his PlayStation and signed him up for flag football so he would be more active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jesse, too, is scared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to get my foot cut off,” he said. “I’d rather have a full life than a short one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Gift of Pain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As hospitals have seen the impacts — and cost — of amputations, some have made efforts to reduce them. Some, like Keck Hospital, have started limb preservation centers, which use cross-disciplinary teams and technology to treat wounds and help patients improve disease management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with a team of specialists, however, saving a limb often depends on patients coming in early rather than waiting until their foot has become dangerously infected. But because their sensation is dulled, they often don’t appreciate the danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you get someone to come in if they don’t have pain?” Armstrong said. “They need the gift of pain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Armstrong’s patients, Cirilo Delgado, has a wound on his heel that could cost him his lower leg. He already lost a toe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delgado, 41, knew diabetes ran in his family. His father, 68, has diabetes. His mother, who had diabetes and kidney failure, died at 67. His diabetic sister died at 35 of a heart attack, a possible complication of diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw them die young,” he said. “I don’t want to be the next one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Moss, Delgado didn’t always have insurance. And he didn’t seek care for his diabetes until the symptoms got dire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delgado used to work at a dry cleaning shop but had to stop because he doesn’t have the balance he once did. His blood pressure fluctuates dangerously, and he needs dialysis three times a week for kidney failure. He has moved in with his father, a truck driver who stopped working to help care for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, doctors used a skin flap from his leg to try to heal his latest wound. He’s praying he doesn’t get another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know there’s a prosthesis,” he said, “but it’s not the same as a limb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\"> Healt\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">h\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\"> News\u003c/a>, an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org\">California Healthline\u003c/a> ethnic media editor Ngoc Nguyen and Kaiser Health News data editor Elizabeth Lucas contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Methodology note: Kaiser Health News analyzed 2011-17 data from California’s Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) on diabetes patients discharged after lower-limb amputations. OSPHD grouped the amputations into these racial and ethnic categories: white, black, Hispanic and other; and these age groups: under 45, 45-64, 65 and over. To compare amputation rates across groups, KHN calculated crude rates using California population data for each year from the U.S. Census Bureau, and calculated the final age-adjusted rate for each racial/ethnic group using U.S. 2010 population distribution as weights.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Across the country, surgeons still perform tens of thousands of diabetic amputations each year. It’s a drastic procedure that stands as a powerful example of the consequences of being poor, uninsured and cut off from a routine system of quality health care.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848703,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":65,"wordCount":2659},"headData":{"title":"Amputations for Black and Latino Diabetics a 'Mega-Disparity' | KQED","description":"Across the country, surgeons still perform tens of thousands of diabetic amputations each year. It’s a drastic procedure that stands as a powerful example of the consequences of being poor, uninsured and cut off from a routine system of quality health care.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Kaiser Health News","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Anna Gorman\u003cbr />Kaiser Health News","path":"/science/1941025/amputations-for-black-and-latino-diabetics-a-mega-disparity","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On his regular rounds at the University of Southern California’s Keck Hospital, Dr. David Armstrong lives a brutal injustice of American health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"In California, of the 82,000 diabetic amputations from 2011 to 2017, people who were black or Latino were more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to undergo amputations related to diabetes, a Kaiser Health News analysis found.","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Each week, dozens of patients with diabetes come to him with deep wounds, severe infections and poor circulation — debilitating complications of a disease that has spiraled out of control. He works to save their limbs, but sometimes Armstrong and his team must resort to amputation to save the patient, a painful and life-altering measure he knows is nearly always preventable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades now, the American medical establishment has known how to manage diabetes. Even as the number of people living with the illness continues to climb — today, estimated at more than 30 million nationwide — the prognosis for those with access to good health care has become far less dire. With the right medication, diet and lifestyle changes, patients can learn to manage their diabetes and lead robust lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet across the country, surgeons still perform tens of thousands of diabetic amputations each year. It’s a drastic procedure that stands as a powerful example of the consequences of being poor, uninsured and cut off from a routine system of quality health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Amputations are an unnecessary consequence of this devastating disease,” said Armstrong, professor of surgery at Keck School of Medicine of USC. “It’s an epidemic within an epidemic. And it’s a problem that’s totally ignored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, where doctors performed more than 82,000 diabetic amputations from 2011 to 2017, people who were black or Latino were more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to undergo amputations related to diabetes, a Kaiser Health News analysis found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pattern is not unique to California. Across the country, studies have shown that diabetic amputations vary significantly not just by race and ethnicity but also by income and geography. Diabetic patients living in communities tat rank in the nation’s bottom quartile by income were nearly 39% more likely to undergo major amputations compared with people living in the highest-income communities, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134914\">2015 study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0148\">2014 study\u003c/a> by UCLA researchers found that people with diabetes in poorer neighborhoods in Los Angeles County were twice as likely to have a foot or leg amputated than those in wealthier areas. The difference was more than tenfold in some parts of the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium alignnone\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/california-amputations3.png\" width=\"1024\" height=\"871\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amputations are considered a “mega-disparity” and dwarf nearly every other health disparity by race and ethnicity, said Dr. Dean Schillinger, a medical professor at the University of California-San Francisco. To begin with, people who are black or Latino are more at risk of diabetes than other groups — a disparity often attributed to socioeconomic factors such as higher rates of poverty and lower levels of education. They also may live in environments with less access to healthy food or places to exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, among those with the disease, blacks and Latinos often get diagnosed after the disease has taken hold and have more complications, such as amputations. “If you go into low-income African American neighborhoods, it is a war zone,” said Schillinger, former chief of the Diabetes Prevention and Control Program at the California Department of Public Health. “You see people wheeling themselves around in wheelchairs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the outrage for researchers is that medical science has made so much headway in diabetes treatment. Nationwide, fewer than \u003ca href=\"https://www.ajmc.com/newsroom/diabetic-amputations-may-be-rising-in-the-united-states\">5 adults out of every 1,000 with diabetes\u003c/a> get amputations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for those who do, the consequences are profound. More than half of amputations in California from 2011 to 2017 occurred among people ages 45 to 64, according to the KHN analysis, meaning many people are left disabled and dependent on others for care during their prime working years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Mother to Son\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson Moss leaned back on his couch and raised his right leg. His wife, Bernadette, sprayed antiseptic on a gaping wound on the sole of his foot before dabbing it with Vaseline and rewrapping it with gauze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A stocky man who used to deliver poultry, Moss, 47, said he had to stop working after his left leg was amputated below the knee about 10 years ago. Later, he lost part of his right foot. With Bernadette’s help, he is trying to save the rest of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1350px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/amputations-8_1350.jpg\" width=\"1350\" height=\"900\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jackson Moss had to stop working after his left leg was amputated below the knee about 10 years ago because of an infected wound that developed in his toe.(Heidi de Marco/California Healthline\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If I didn’t have my wife, I don’t know where I’d be,” said Moss, who wears a prosthesis on his left leg and uses a wheelchair. “I can’t get around good like I used to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moss, who lives in Compton, embodies many of the characteristics of people most likely to get diabetic amputations. He is African American with a relatively low family income: about $30,000 a year from his Social Security disability check and his wife’s job with the county mental health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moss has not always received regular medical care. His mother, who also had a leg amputated from diabetes, would take him to the doctor when he was a boy. But he stopped going as an adult. He didn’t have insurance during much of his 20s and 30s. Medical care just wasn’t a priority, he said, until about 25 years ago when his blood sugar shot up so high he passed out at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he was diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, he started seeing a physician more often. He tried to avoid sugar, as his doctor recommended, but bad habits die hard. “It takes a lot to eat right,” he said, “and it costs more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day, about 10 years ago, he bumped his toe on the bed. He thought little of it until he developed an infected wound. A fever sent him to the hospital, where his lower leg was removed. A few years later, with his diabetes still poorly controlled, he lost the toes on his other foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Moss and his wife said, health providers have sometimes ignored their concerns. They recalled trips to the emergency room when they had to convince doctors his fever came from a diabetes-related infection. “They wouldn’t take my word,” he said. The couple did not see it as discrimination, more like dismissiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Moss goes to a clinic run by Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Hospital, which serves a large Latino and black population in South Los Angeles. On a recent visit, his doctor asked if he was staying off the foot with the wound. “I just get up when I have to go to the restroom and to get in and out of the bed,” Moss responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moss hopes someday he will be able to do more — get back to taking his grandsons to Chuck E. Cheese or playing dominoes with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just sit here all day long,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1350px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/amputations-9_1350.jpg\" width=\"1350\" height=\"900\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moss holds the funeral program for his mother, who also had diabetes.(Heidi de Marco/California Healthline)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘The Most Shameful Metric’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amputations typically start with poorly controlled diabetes, a disease characterized by excess sugar in the blood. Untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as kidney failure and blindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with diabetes often have reduced sensation in their feet, as well as poor circulation. \u003ca href=\"http://mr3health.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/nejmra1615439.pdf\">As many as one-third\u003c/a> of people with the most common form — Type 2 — develop foot ulcers or a break in the skin that can become infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amputations occur after those infections rage out of control and enter the bloodstream or seep deeper into the tissue. People with diabetes often have a condition that makes it harder for blood to circulate and wounds to heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The circumstances that give rise to amputations are complex and often intertwined: Patients may avoid doctors because their family and friends do, or clinics are too far away. Some may delay medical visits because they don’t trust doctors or have limited insurance. Even when they seek treatment, some find it difficult to take medication as directed, adhere to dietary restrictions or stay off an infected foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians with diabetes who have a regular place to go for health care other than the emergency room are less likely to get amputations, according to an analysis conducted for Kaiser Health News by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. If they have a plan to control their diabetes, they also have less chance of amputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis shows that many amputations could be avoided with better access to care and better disease management, said Ninez Ponce, director of the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the most shameful metric we have on quality of care,” Ponce said. “It is a health equity issue. We are a very rich state. We shouldn’t be seeing these diabetic amputations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An amputation often leads to a cascade of setbacks: more infections, more amputations, decreased mobility, social isolation. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26898398\">Research shows\u003c/a> as many as three-quarters of people with diabetes who have had lower-limb amputations die within five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1350px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/amputations-11_1350.jpg\" width=\"1350\" height=\"900\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patricia Zamora gets ready to clean the wound on her foot on Nov. 1, 2018. Zamora was first diagnosed with gestational diabetes and eventually with conventional Type 2.(Heidi de Marco/California Healthline)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The health system bears surprisingly large costs for what remains a relatively uncommon problem. A single lower-limb amputation can cost more than $100,000. By far, government programs — Medicaid and Medicare — pay for the most amputations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say the best bet is to intervene well before they become necessary. People with diabetes are “very much in need of the simplest, basic, cost-effective, easy-to-implement treatments,” said Dr. Philip Goodney, director of the Center for the Evaluation of Surgical Care at Dartmouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with basic measures to control diabetes, regular foot exams are key. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates somewhere between 11% and 28% of people with diabetes get the recommended podiatric care, a yearly foot exam to check for loss of sensation and blood flow. Under federal rules governing Medicaid, the government program for low-income Americans, such care is optional and not covered by every state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California includes it as an optional benefit, limiting access to such care. An \u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/Documents/PDF/2017/podiatricservices-brief-jun2017.pdf\">analysis\u003c/a> by UCLA researchers estimated that the use of preventive podiatric services saved the Medi-Cal system — California’s version of Medicaid — up to $97 million in 2014, based on avoided hospital admissions and amputations, and that savings could be much greater if more patients had access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fighting for Jesse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jesse Guerrero is 12, but already knows what diabetes — and amputations — can do to a family. He has seen how life changed since his mom, Patricia Zamora, had her first surgery. She had to stop working as a group home supervisor. They were evicted and eventually moved into his grandmother’s house in Pomona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, they stay home a lot more than they used to. “I want her to get better so we can finally go places,” Jesse said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First diagnosed with gestational diabetes, Zamora, 49, eventually was diagnosed with conventional Type 2. Though her mother has diabetes, she said, she didn’t understand the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https://californiahealthline.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/amputations-10_1350.jpg?w=770&h=513&crop=1\" width=\"770\" height=\"513\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jesse Guerrero helps take care of his mom, who has diabetes. “I want her to get better so we can finally go places,” he says.(Heidi de Marco/California Healthline)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her serious troubles started in 2014, when she stubbed her big toe and it turned black and purple. When she finally went to an ER, doctors said it had to be amputated. The next year, after another stumble and another infection, doctors removed the remaining toes on her right foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she is fighting a third wound and risks losing the limb below her knee. She uses a scooter and wears a boot to keep the pressure off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many days, she wants to give up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I can’t,” she said. “I have Jesse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His health is also a concern. Though only in middle school, Jesse is overweight, putting him at greater risk for Type 2 diabetes. She recently took away his PlayStation and signed him up for flag football so he would be more active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jesse, too, is scared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to get my foot cut off,” he said. “I’d rather have a full life than a short one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Gift of Pain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As hospitals have seen the impacts — and cost — of amputations, some have made efforts to reduce them. Some, like Keck Hospital, have started limb preservation centers, which use cross-disciplinary teams and technology to treat wounds and help patients improve disease management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with a team of specialists, however, saving a limb often depends on patients coming in early rather than waiting until their foot has become dangerously infected. But because their sensation is dulled, they often don’t appreciate the danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you get someone to come in if they don’t have pain?” Armstrong said. “They need the gift of pain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Armstrong’s patients, Cirilo Delgado, has a wound on his heel that could cost him his lower leg. He already lost a toe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delgado, 41, knew diabetes ran in his family. His father, 68, has diabetes. His mother, who had diabetes and kidney failure, died at 67. His diabetic sister died at 35 of a heart attack, a possible complication of diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw them die young,” he said. “I don’t want to be the next one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Moss, Delgado didn’t always have insurance. And he didn’t seek care for his diabetes until the symptoms got dire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delgado used to work at a dry cleaning shop but had to stop because he doesn’t have the balance he once did. His blood pressure fluctuates dangerously, and he needs dialysis three times a week for kidney failure. He has moved in with his father, a truck driver who stopped working to help care for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, doctors used a skin flap from his leg to try to heal his latest wound. He’s praying he doesn’t get another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know there’s a prosthesis,” he said, “but it’s not the same as a limb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\"> Healt\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">h\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\"> News\u003c/a>, an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org\">California Healthline\u003c/a> ethnic media editor Ngoc Nguyen and Kaiser Health News data editor Elizabeth Lucas contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Methodology note: Kaiser Health News analyzed 2011-17 data from California’s Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) on diabetes patients discharged after lower-limb amputations. OSPHD grouped the amputations into these racial and ethnic categories: white, black, Hispanic and other; and these age groups: under 45, 45-64, 65 and over. To compare amputation rates across groups, KHN calculated crude rates using California population data for each year from the U.S. Census Bureau, and calculated the final age-adjusted rate for each racial/ethnic group using U.S. 2010 population distribution as weights.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1941025/amputations-for-black-and-latino-diabetics-a-mega-disparity","authors":["byline_science_1941025"],"categories":["science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_233","science_3838"],"featImg":"science_1941033","label":"source_science_1941025"},"science_20354":{"type":"posts","id":"science_20354","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"20354","score":null,"sort":[1407434456000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanford-scientists-use-fruit-flies-to-study-diabetes","title":"Stanford Scientists Use Fruit Flies to Study Diabetes","publishDate":1407434456,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Stanford Scientists Use Fruit Flies to Study Diabetes | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20356\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Drosophila-FEATURE-Dahanukar-Lab-UC-Riverside.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20356 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Drosophila-FEATURE-Dahanukar-Lab-UC-Riverside.jpg\" alt=\"Tiny fruit flies will help Stanford scientists study the complicated genetics of type 2 diabetes. (Dahanukar Lab/UC Riverside)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tiny fruit fly will help Stanford scientists study the complicated genetics of type 2 diabetes. (Dahanukar Lab/UC Riverside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An unusual patient is helping scientists study diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a paper published today, Stanford researchers report a new way to use fruit flies to sort through the complicated genetics of Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Type 2 diabetes, once known as adult-onset diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes and affects millions of Americans. The condition is partly genetic, and past studies have uncovered many possible risk genes associated with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘There are scores of these genes that have been linked but not proven to have a causative role in diabetes. No one really knows what most of those [genes] do.’\u003ccite>— Seung Kim, Stanford\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Problem is, scientists don’t understand enough about these genes to know which ones are the real culprits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are scores of these genes that have been linked but not proven to have a causative role in diabetes,” said Seung Kim, a professor at the Stanford School of Medicine and the senior author of the study. “No one really knows what most of those [genes] do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it’s possible to study the genes in mice or in human cells, Kim says it’s extremely laborious and expensive. He thinks fruit flies will offer researchers an easier, faster and cheaper way to study the genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Type 2 diabetes is characterized by the body’s inability to properly create or respond to insulin, a molecule that regulates blood sugar. Practically all animals, including fruit flies, use insulin to control how they metabolize sugar. And while flies may seem a far cry from humans, Kim says they are a reasonable experimental stand-in for studying the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To study diabetes in flies, Kim first needed a way to monitor the insulin in the tiny creatures’ blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because the size of a fruit fly is obviously very small, it doesn’t have much blood,” Kim explained. “Measuring insulin in fruit flies has been a real challenge in the field, and something we’ve been trying to overcome for several years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20355\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Drosophila-Dime-University-of-Missouri-e1407359205217.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20355\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Drosophila-Dime-University-of-Missouri-e1407359205217.jpg\" alt=\"The small size of fruit flies makes it difficult to measure insulin levels in their blood. (University of Missouri)\" width=\"340\" height=\"290\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The small size of fruit flies makes it particularly difficult to measure insulin levels in their blood. (University of Missouri)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim and his team figured out how to add a molecular label to fruit fly insulin that allowed them to reliably measure very low levels of insulin in extremely small samples of fly blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are now using this technique to study different risk genes associated with Type 2 diabetes. In the current study, they examined two such genes. One gene controlled how much insulin was produced in the fly, while the other regulated the amount of insulin circulating in the fly’s blood. These results provide useful information about how each gene could uniquely relate to diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this a very nice example of using the power of \u003cem>Drosophila\u003c/em> [fruit fly] genetics to try to gain insights into human disease,” said Michael German. German is the Clinical Director of the UCSF Diabetes Center and was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>German points out that fruit flies are just the first step toward figuring out how diabetes works in humans. “Ultimately anything that you find out from flies you then have to confirm in mammals and in humans,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But using flies as an experimental model is a good starting point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that sometimes people undervalue these kinds of models,” says German. “They really are remarkably powerful, and we can find things in these models that we would never find if we just tried to study humans, or if we just tried to study mice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving forward, Kim will use his fruit fly system to study the many human genes associated with Type 2 diabetes. His experiments will help researchers prioritize which genes to focus on in more challenging experimental systems — such as mouse and human cells — to ultimately develop new approaches to treating diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Stanford researchers have developed a new way to use fruit flies to sort through the complicated genetics of Type 2 diabetes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933162,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":691},"headData":{"title":"Stanford Scientists Use Fruit Flies to Study Diabetes | KQED","description":"Stanford researchers have developed a new way to use fruit flies to sort through the complicated genetics of Type 2 diabetes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/20354/stanford-scientists-use-fruit-flies-to-study-diabetes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20356\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Drosophila-FEATURE-Dahanukar-Lab-UC-Riverside.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20356 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Drosophila-FEATURE-Dahanukar-Lab-UC-Riverside.jpg\" alt=\"Tiny fruit flies will help Stanford scientists study the complicated genetics of type 2 diabetes. (Dahanukar Lab/UC Riverside)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tiny fruit fly will help Stanford scientists study the complicated genetics of type 2 diabetes. (Dahanukar Lab/UC Riverside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An unusual patient is helping scientists study diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a paper published today, Stanford researchers report a new way to use fruit flies to sort through the complicated genetics of Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Type 2 diabetes, once known as adult-onset diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes and affects millions of Americans. The condition is partly genetic, and past studies have uncovered many possible risk genes associated with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘There are scores of these genes that have been linked but not proven to have a causative role in diabetes. No one really knows what most of those [genes] do.’\u003ccite>— Seung Kim, Stanford\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Problem is, scientists don’t understand enough about these genes to know which ones are the real culprits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are scores of these genes that have been linked but not proven to have a causative role in diabetes,” said Seung Kim, a professor at the Stanford School of Medicine and the senior author of the study. “No one really knows what most of those [genes] do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it’s possible to study the genes in mice or in human cells, Kim says it’s extremely laborious and expensive. He thinks fruit flies will offer researchers an easier, faster and cheaper way to study the genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Type 2 diabetes is characterized by the body’s inability to properly create or respond to insulin, a molecule that regulates blood sugar. Practically all animals, including fruit flies, use insulin to control how they metabolize sugar. And while flies may seem a far cry from humans, Kim says they are a reasonable experimental stand-in for studying the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To study diabetes in flies, Kim first needed a way to monitor the insulin in the tiny creatures’ blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because the size of a fruit fly is obviously very small, it doesn’t have much blood,” Kim explained. “Measuring insulin in fruit flies has been a real challenge in the field, and something we’ve been trying to overcome for several years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20355\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Drosophila-Dime-University-of-Missouri-e1407359205217.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20355\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Drosophila-Dime-University-of-Missouri-e1407359205217.jpg\" alt=\"The small size of fruit flies makes it difficult to measure insulin levels in their blood. (University of Missouri)\" width=\"340\" height=\"290\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The small size of fruit flies makes it particularly difficult to measure insulin levels in their blood. (University of Missouri)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim and his team figured out how to add a molecular label to fruit fly insulin that allowed them to reliably measure very low levels of insulin in extremely small samples of fly blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are now using this technique to study different risk genes associated with Type 2 diabetes. In the current study, they examined two such genes. One gene controlled how much insulin was produced in the fly, while the other regulated the amount of insulin circulating in the fly’s blood. These results provide useful information about how each gene could uniquely relate to diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this a very nice example of using the power of \u003cem>Drosophila\u003c/em> [fruit fly] genetics to try to gain insights into human disease,” said Michael German. German is the Clinical Director of the UCSF Diabetes Center and was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>German points out that fruit flies are just the first step toward figuring out how diabetes works in humans. “Ultimately anything that you find out from flies you then have to confirm in mammals and in humans,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But using flies as an experimental model is a good starting point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that sometimes people undervalue these kinds of models,” says German. “They really are remarkably powerful, and we can find things in these models that we would never find if we just tried to study humans, or if we just tried to study mice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving forward, Kim will use his fruit fly system to study the many human genes associated with Type 2 diabetes. His experiments will help researchers prioritize which genes to focus on in more challenging experimental systems — such as mouse and human cells — to ultimately develop new approaches to treating diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/20354/stanford-scientists-use-fruit-flies-to-study-diabetes","authors":["6569"],"categories":["science_30","science_39","science_40"],"tags":["science_233","science_327","science_5187"],"featImg":"science_20356","label":"science"},"science_19127":{"type":"posts","id":"science_19127","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"19127","score":null,"sort":[1404924787000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"everything-you-know-about-cholesterol-is-probably-wrong","title":"Everything You Know about Cholesterol Is Probably Wrong","publishDate":1404924787,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Everything You Know about Cholesterol Is Probably Wrong | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19133\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 635px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/KQED_sweets.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19133\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/KQED_sweets.jpg\" alt=\"Recent research suggests that cutting down on sugar does more to protect the heart than avoiding saturated fats. (Alex/Flickr)\" width=\"635\" height=\"357\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recent research suggests that cutting down on sugar does more to protect the heart than avoiding saturated fats. (Alex/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ajagendorf25/5557425274\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of us know that too much cholesterol promotes heart disease. And many know that cholesterol comes in good and bad forms. “Bad” (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) cholesterol clogs the arteries that pump blood to the heart and feed the brain, raising the risk of heart attack and stroke. “Good” (high-density lipoprotein, or HDL) cholesterol removes excess cholesterol and fat from the bloodstream, keeping arteries healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a little knowledge can be a dangerous thing: this good versus bad scenario offers a simplistic view of cholesterol’s role in heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors assess cardiac health with routine blood tests that estimate LDL and HDL cholesterol levels along with total cholesterol and triglycerides. But cholesterol is just one component of the lipoprotein particles (spherical balls made of proteins and other lipids) that transport the water-phobic molecules through the blood. Most blood tests reflect how much cholesterol the particles carry but don’t provide any information about the particles themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It turns the cholesterol story upside down.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“But it all starts with the particle,” says Ronald Krauss, senior scientist and director of Atherosclerosis Research at Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute. “The LDL particles go into the artery wall and carry the cholesterol with them. So we see the cholesterol in the plaque but it’s the particle concentration and the number of particles that really determine the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smaller LDL particles carry less cholesterol than larger LDL particles, yet it’s the smaller particles that are most strongly associated with heart disease risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because smaller particles are more likely to glom on to artery walls and do so more often because they circulate in the blood longer. Once they get stuck, they undergo chemical changes that make them more toxic to arteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you have mostly small LDL particles, your cholesterol levels could be normal, but you may still be at risk for heart disease, Krauss says. “It turns the cholesterol story upside down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New methods for evaluating risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why more researchers are turning to methods that can measure the size and density of lipoprotein particles to better understand how heart disease develops. In a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24852168\">study, published in the Journal of Lipid Research\u003c/a> last month, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh used a method (called nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) designed to measure the characteristics of lipoprotein particles as a first step to understanding how menopause may facilitate cardiovascular disease in women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Risk of heart disease increases with age as decades of inactivity and unhealthy eating habits promote plaque formation inside artery walls, ultimately blocking blood flow and causing a heart attack. Estrogen has a beneficial effect on arteries, which helps explain why women have a lower risk of heart disease than men—until they stop menstruating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19154\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/Blausen_CoronaryArteryDisease-216x162.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-19154\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/Blausen_CoronaryArteryDisease-216x162.png\" alt=\"Athlerosclerosis, the formation of yellowish plaque made mostly of cholesterol inside artery walls. blocks blood flow and can lead to cardiac arrest. (Blausen/Wikipedia)\" width=\"350\" height=\"263\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Athlerosclerosis, the buildup of cholesterol-laden yellowish plaque inside artery walls, restricts blood flow and can lead to cardiac arrest. (Blausen/Wikipedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Why that edge disappears around menopause isn’t entirely clear. Lower estrogen levels may alter cholesterol abundance or metabolism, as suggested by studies linking menopause to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16810536\">higher levels of total cholesterol\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12027776\">LDL cholesterol \u003c/a>and triglycerides. In the new study, the researchers found an association between lower levels of estrogen and “low quality” cholesterol carriers, including the smaller LDL particles associated with increased risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was small—it examined just 120 women of the 3,302 women enrolled in an ongoing study of menopausal change (the \u003ca href=\"http://www.swanstudy.org/\">Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation\u003c/a>). But it lends support to the notion that as women approach midlife, their falling estrogen levels may help drive a shift from high-quality lipoproteins, which can clear excess cholesterol from the bloodstream, to lower-quality molecules that can’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t mean boosting estrogen is a good idea. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf05/ht/htpostmenrs.htm\">U.S. Preventive Services Task Force\u003c/a> recommends against using hormone replacement therapy to reduce cardiac risk. Instead, women over 45 should get their cholesterol levels checked every five years. Routine blood tests will spot signs of trouble in most people, Krauss says, though more physicians are using the specialized tests for both women and men with diabetes, obesity or a family history of early heart disease to better assess their health status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reducing risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year about \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm\">600,000 people will die of heart disease\u003c/a>, the leading cause of death in the United States since 1921, when it surpassed pneumonia and flu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These numbers are particularly troubling because heart disease is largely preventable. And though people can reduce their risk—primarily by exercising, losing weight and not smoking—many don’t. \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/Documents/About-Cleveland-Clinic/newsroom/love-your-heart-results.pdf\">Cleveland Clinic researchers\u003c/a> reported in February that a third of adults wouldn’t change their exercise or eating habits and just half of respondents said they’d stop smoking, despite a two- to fourfold increased risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though logic suggests that raising good cholesterol through drugs or supplements could help those not inclined to change bad habits, the\u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/co-cardiology/Abstract/2013/07000/Recent_clinical_trials_evaluating_benefit_of_drug.3.aspx\"> evidence suggests otherwise\u003c/a>. There’s no doubt that HDL has protective features, Krauss says, but there’s no guarantee that raising HDL levels will reduce your risk of heart disease. The evidence that small LDL particles promote heart disease, however, is “rock solid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best way to thwart those LDL particles, Krauss says, is \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1846638&resultClick=3\">not by avoiding saturated fats\u003c/a>, as we’ve long assumed. Saturated fats don’t affect the LDL particles, but sugar and carbohydrates do. “Taking away eggs and milk has virtually no effect on the bad guys,” says Krauss. “But you can make a really big improvement if you cut the sugar out.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Most of us have heard about good cholesterol and bad cholesterol. But it's not the cholesterol that causes harm, it's the particles that carry it. And routine blood tests don't measure them.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933318,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":998},"headData":{"title":"Everything You Know about Cholesterol Is Probably Wrong | KQED","description":"Most of us have heard about good cholesterol and bad cholesterol. But it's not the cholesterol that causes harm, it's the particles that carry it. And routine blood tests don't measure them.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/19127/everything-you-know-about-cholesterol-is-probably-wrong","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19133\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 635px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/KQED_sweets.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19133\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/KQED_sweets.jpg\" alt=\"Recent research suggests that cutting down on sugar does more to protect the heart than avoiding saturated fats. (Alex/Flickr)\" width=\"635\" height=\"357\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recent research suggests that cutting down on sugar does more to protect the heart than avoiding saturated fats. (Alex/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ajagendorf25/5557425274\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of us know that too much cholesterol promotes heart disease. And many know that cholesterol comes in good and bad forms. “Bad” (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) cholesterol clogs the arteries that pump blood to the heart and feed the brain, raising the risk of heart attack and stroke. “Good” (high-density lipoprotein, or HDL) cholesterol removes excess cholesterol and fat from the bloodstream, keeping arteries healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a little knowledge can be a dangerous thing: this good versus bad scenario offers a simplistic view of cholesterol’s role in heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors assess cardiac health with routine blood tests that estimate LDL and HDL cholesterol levels along with total cholesterol and triglycerides. But cholesterol is just one component of the lipoprotein particles (spherical balls made of proteins and other lipids) that transport the water-phobic molecules through the blood. Most blood tests reflect how much cholesterol the particles carry but don’t provide any information about the particles themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It turns the cholesterol story upside down.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“But it all starts with the particle,” says Ronald Krauss, senior scientist and director of Atherosclerosis Research at Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute. “The LDL particles go into the artery wall and carry the cholesterol with them. So we see the cholesterol in the plaque but it’s the particle concentration and the number of particles that really determine the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smaller LDL particles carry less cholesterol than larger LDL particles, yet it’s the smaller particles that are most strongly associated with heart disease risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because smaller particles are more likely to glom on to artery walls and do so more often because they circulate in the blood longer. Once they get stuck, they undergo chemical changes that make them more toxic to arteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you have mostly small LDL particles, your cholesterol levels could be normal, but you may still be at risk for heart disease, Krauss says. “It turns the cholesterol story upside down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New methods for evaluating risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why more researchers are turning to methods that can measure the size and density of lipoprotein particles to better understand how heart disease develops. In a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24852168\">study, published in the Journal of Lipid Research\u003c/a> last month, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh used a method (called nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) designed to measure the characteristics of lipoprotein particles as a first step to understanding how menopause may facilitate cardiovascular disease in women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Risk of heart disease increases with age as decades of inactivity and unhealthy eating habits promote plaque formation inside artery walls, ultimately blocking blood flow and causing a heart attack. Estrogen has a beneficial effect on arteries, which helps explain why women have a lower risk of heart disease than men—until they stop menstruating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19154\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/Blausen_CoronaryArteryDisease-216x162.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-19154\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/Blausen_CoronaryArteryDisease-216x162.png\" alt=\"Athlerosclerosis, the formation of yellowish plaque made mostly of cholesterol inside artery walls. blocks blood flow and can lead to cardiac arrest. (Blausen/Wikipedia)\" width=\"350\" height=\"263\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Athlerosclerosis, the buildup of cholesterol-laden yellowish plaque inside artery walls, restricts blood flow and can lead to cardiac arrest. (Blausen/Wikipedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Why that edge disappears around menopause isn’t entirely clear. Lower estrogen levels may alter cholesterol abundance or metabolism, as suggested by studies linking menopause to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16810536\">higher levels of total cholesterol\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12027776\">LDL cholesterol \u003c/a>and triglycerides. In the new study, the researchers found an association between lower levels of estrogen and “low quality” cholesterol carriers, including the smaller LDL particles associated with increased risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was small—it examined just 120 women of the 3,302 women enrolled in an ongoing study of menopausal change (the \u003ca href=\"http://www.swanstudy.org/\">Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation\u003c/a>). But it lends support to the notion that as women approach midlife, their falling estrogen levels may help drive a shift from high-quality lipoproteins, which can clear excess cholesterol from the bloodstream, to lower-quality molecules that can’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t mean boosting estrogen is a good idea. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf05/ht/htpostmenrs.htm\">U.S. Preventive Services Task Force\u003c/a> recommends against using hormone replacement therapy to reduce cardiac risk. Instead, women over 45 should get their cholesterol levels checked every five years. Routine blood tests will spot signs of trouble in most people, Krauss says, though more physicians are using the specialized tests for both women and men with diabetes, obesity or a family history of early heart disease to better assess their health status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reducing risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year about \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm\">600,000 people will die of heart disease\u003c/a>, the leading cause of death in the United States since 1921, when it surpassed pneumonia and flu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These numbers are particularly troubling because heart disease is largely preventable. And though people can reduce their risk—primarily by exercising, losing weight and not smoking—many don’t. \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/Documents/About-Cleveland-Clinic/newsroom/love-your-heart-results.pdf\">Cleveland Clinic researchers\u003c/a> reported in February that a third of adults wouldn’t change their exercise or eating habits and just half of respondents said they’d stop smoking, despite a two- to fourfold increased risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though logic suggests that raising good cholesterol through drugs or supplements could help those not inclined to change bad habits, the\u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/co-cardiology/Abstract/2013/07000/Recent_clinical_trials_evaluating_benefit_of_drug.3.aspx\"> evidence suggests otherwise\u003c/a>. There’s no doubt that HDL has protective features, Krauss says, but there’s no guarantee that raising HDL levels will reduce your risk of heart disease. The evidence that small LDL particles promote heart disease, however, is “rock solid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best way to thwart those LDL particles, Krauss says, is \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1846638&resultClick=3\">not by avoiding saturated fats\u003c/a>, as we’ve long assumed. Saturated fats don’t affect the LDL particles, but sugar and carbohydrates do. “Taking away eggs and milk has virtually no effect on the bad guys,” says Krauss. “But you can make a really big improvement if you cut the sugar out.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/19127/everything-you-know-about-cholesterol-is-probably-wrong","authors":["6322"],"categories":["science_39"],"tags":["science_233"],"featImg":"science_19133","label":"science"},"science_6821":{"type":"posts","id":"science_6821","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"6821","score":null,"sort":[1376320791000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"virus-induced-type-2-diabetes","title":"Virus-Induced Type 2 Diabetes","publishDate":1376320791,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Virus-Induced Type 2 Diabetes | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6845\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/RSV.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6845\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6845\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/RSV.jpg\" alt=\"For at least one man, it looks like this virus, RSV, might have set off his type 2 diabetes. Electron micrograph image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.\" width=\"640\" height=\"365\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For at least one man, it looks like this virus, RSV, might have set off his type 2 diabetes. Electron micrograph image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Respiratory_syncytial_virus_01.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the most interesting findings in science happen on fishing exhibitions. No, I don’t mean going out on a boat (although lots of cool things have been found that way); I mean just gathering lots of data and seeing what you can find.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something really interesting came out of just such a project from the lab of Dr. Mike Snyder at Stanford University. He set out to study himself in every way possible over a period of a few years. His lab looked at his DNA, how his DNA was being used, what sorts of things were in his blood, what his immune system was doing and lots more. His lab also then determined how these things changed over the course of the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most fascinating things to come out of this study so far was actually a bit of a lucky break (for science, not for Mike). Over the course of the experiment, Mike developed type 2 diabetes. And not only did we get to pretty much watch this happen in real time, but we also got to see that it might have been caused in a totally unexpected way—a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. To my knowledge, this is the first time the progression to type 2 diabetes has been seen to be caused by a virus and also seen in such detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the data:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/08/12/virus-induced-type-2-diabetes/msglucose2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6826\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6826\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/MSglucose2.jpg\" alt=\"MSglucose2\" width=\"479\" height=\"265\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a lot going on here so let’s break it down. We are graphing Mike’s glucose levels over time and indicating when he developed viral infections and when he changed what he ate and how much he exercised (“lifestyle changes”). In addition, his HbA1c numbers are indicated at various times. This is a measure that gets at what his glucose levels were like over the previous three months (above 6 is trouble).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes when his or her fasting glucose levels get above 125 mg/dL (and a person is deemed prediabetic if his or her levels are between 100 and 125). As you can see, Mike’s glucose levels are a little high but he is not even prediabetic. He might be flirting with it around day 250 but then his glucose levels come back down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, around day 325, his glucose levels suddenly shoot up. He is now officially diabetic. His glucose levels continue to be high for a long period thereafter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sudden spike is not how most cases of type 2 diabetes are thought to happen. The usual line is that a person’s cells slowly become more resistant to insulin which makes that person’s pancreas slowly increase its insulin production. The patient’s cells need more and more insulin to get the job done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a while, the pancreas tires out and can’t keep up with the ever increasing amounts of insulin the cells demand. The result is that the patient’s glucose levels are less and less under control until type 2 diabetes develops. This is thought to be a slow, steady process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6850\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Glucometer.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6850\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6850\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Glucometer.jpg\" alt=\"All cases of type 2 diabetes might not happen in the same way. Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.\" width=\"200\" height=\"353\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">All cases of type 2 diabetes might not happen in the same way. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Device_to_check_for_diabetes_3.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mike’s diabetes did not follow this path. Instead of slow and steady it appeared pretty suddenly, right after a severe cold caused by an RSV infection. It certainly looks as if the viral infection did something to his body that caused his pancreas to no longer be able to make enough insulin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lab was also able to see some major changes in how his genes were being used and what was in his blood right after this infection, as his type 2 diabetes was developing. The major changes were in pathways responsible for regulating his insulin levels. Something happened that caused his insulin regulation to go completely out of whack which is probably behind his rising glucose levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At around day 380, Mike radically changed his diet and exercise to try to bring his glucose levels back under control. He cut out all sugars and began to bike regularly. As you can see, his glucose levels started dropping by day 430 or so and continued to drop until they returned to normal. His diabetes is now under control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t know why this worked so well in Mike’s case. It may have been so effective because he was able to catch his diabetes so early or maybe because of how his diabetes developed or for some other reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also don’t know how common it is for a virus to cause Type 2 diabetes. Most people have doctor’s appointments every few years (and some of us even less often!) and so they might miss a sudden spike like this in their glucose levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may also be that some people have a set of genes that makes them more likely to end up with type 2 diabetes from a viral infection. Or that some people have a set of genes that make them more likely to respond to lifestyle changes if their diabetes is caught early. Or…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Snyder lab is trying to get at these and many other questions by expanding the study from one to fifty participants. The study will focus on diabetes and there are still some openings available to participate in the program. If you are interested, contact Wenyu Zhou at wenyuz@stanford.edu\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study will not be an easy one to join. To even be considered, participants need to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1) Have family members that developed diabetes or have impaired fasting glucose (fasting plasma glucose >100 mg/dL)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2) Have a body mass index of 25 to 40 kg/m2, and be from age 35-65\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3) NOT have major organ disease, active eating or psychiatric disorder, be pregnant or lactating, have heavy alcohol use, or use medications known to alter blood glucose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4) Be highly motivated, given the fact that the study is for at least a two-year period and asks for a strong commitment to give blood samples every three months plus more often when they are sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6855\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 97px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/MikeSnyder.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6855\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6855\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/MikeSnyder.jpg\" alt=\"His type 2 diabetes is our gain. Image of Dr. Mike Snyder courtesy of Department of Genetics, Stanford University\" width=\"97\" height=\"144\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">His type 2 diabetes is our gain. Image of Dr. Mike Snyder courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.stanford.edu/\">Department of Genetics\u003c/a>, Stanford University\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you meet these criteria, then you will undergo a set of additional medical tests (like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003466.htm\">glucose tolerance\u003c/a> for instance). If you make it through these, then you can officially join the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the study, you can be involved in helping to better understand diabetes. Not only that but you will get your DNA sequenced and if you choose, you can learn what your DNA can tell you about your future health risks. (At this time you can’t get your DNA sequence but hopefully, at some point, the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_review_board\">IRB \u003c/a>will lighten up on this.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucky (?) for me, I meet all the criteria and so I joined the study last week. Let me tell you, they are not lying about the motivation! Not only do they take what seemed an awful lot of blood, but they are also looking at the microbiomes (the bacterial populations) of various parts of my body. That means stool and urine samples and swabs from behind my ear, up my nose and from the top of my tongue. Yes, it is invasive but worth it (at least to me).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I love getting this constant stream of data and learning more about what my DNA says about me. I can also see what changes in my diet or exercise do to my glucose levels or if cinnamon actually helps control blood sugar and whatever else I can think of. Plus I get my DNA sequenced and get to help in gaining a better understanding of diabetes. Definitely a win-win for me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this won’t be the last of these studies. Mike will continue to plumb the depths of what it is to be Mike Snyder and so will keep getting poked and prodded for years to come. Undoubtedly lots more interesting findings are in his and our futures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is really the start of the future of medicine. Through these studies we’ll learn what we need to test and how often based on a patient’s genetics and whatever else they find is important. This is just a baby step on the road to personalized medicine but at least we are on our way.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Some of the most interesting findings in science happen on fishing exhibitions. No, I don’t mean going out on a boat (although lots of cool things have been found that way); I mean just gathering lots of data and seeing what you can find.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704935288,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1461},"headData":{"title":"Virus-Induced Type 2 Diabetes | KQED","description":"Some of the most interesting findings in science happen on fishing exhibitions. No, I don’t mean going out on a boat (although lots of cool things have been found that way); I mean just gathering lots of data and seeing what you can find.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/6821/virus-induced-type-2-diabetes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6845\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/RSV.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6845\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6845\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/RSV.jpg\" alt=\"For at least one man, it looks like this virus, RSV, might have set off his type 2 diabetes. Electron micrograph image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.\" width=\"640\" height=\"365\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For at least one man, it looks like this virus, RSV, might have set off his type 2 diabetes. Electron micrograph image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Respiratory_syncytial_virus_01.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the most interesting findings in science happen on fishing exhibitions. No, I don’t mean going out on a boat (although lots of cool things have been found that way); I mean just gathering lots of data and seeing what you can find.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something really interesting came out of just such a project from the lab of Dr. Mike Snyder at Stanford University. He set out to study himself in every way possible over a period of a few years. His lab looked at his DNA, how his DNA was being used, what sorts of things were in his blood, what his immune system was doing and lots more. His lab also then determined how these things changed over the course of the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most fascinating things to come out of this study so far was actually a bit of a lucky break (for science, not for Mike). Over the course of the experiment, Mike developed type 2 diabetes. And not only did we get to pretty much watch this happen in real time, but we also got to see that it might have been caused in a totally unexpected way—a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. To my knowledge, this is the first time the progression to type 2 diabetes has been seen to be caused by a virus and also seen in such detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the data:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/08/12/virus-induced-type-2-diabetes/msglucose2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6826\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6826\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/MSglucose2.jpg\" alt=\"MSglucose2\" width=\"479\" height=\"265\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a lot going on here so let’s break it down. We are graphing Mike’s glucose levels over time and indicating when he developed viral infections and when he changed what he ate and how much he exercised (“lifestyle changes”). In addition, his HbA1c numbers are indicated at various times. This is a measure that gets at what his glucose levels were like over the previous three months (above 6 is trouble).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes when his or her fasting glucose levels get above 125 mg/dL (and a person is deemed prediabetic if his or her levels are between 100 and 125). As you can see, Mike’s glucose levels are a little high but he is not even prediabetic. He might be flirting with it around day 250 but then his glucose levels come back down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, around day 325, his glucose levels suddenly shoot up. He is now officially diabetic. His glucose levels continue to be high for a long period thereafter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sudden spike is not how most cases of type 2 diabetes are thought to happen. The usual line is that a person’s cells slowly become more resistant to insulin which makes that person’s pancreas slowly increase its insulin production. The patient’s cells need more and more insulin to get the job done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a while, the pancreas tires out and can’t keep up with the ever increasing amounts of insulin the cells demand. The result is that the patient’s glucose levels are less and less under control until type 2 diabetes develops. This is thought to be a slow, steady process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6850\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Glucometer.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6850\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6850\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Glucometer.jpg\" alt=\"All cases of type 2 diabetes might not happen in the same way. Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.\" width=\"200\" height=\"353\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">All cases of type 2 diabetes might not happen in the same way. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Device_to_check_for_diabetes_3.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mike’s diabetes did not follow this path. Instead of slow and steady it appeared pretty suddenly, right after a severe cold caused by an RSV infection. It certainly looks as if the viral infection did something to his body that caused his pancreas to no longer be able to make enough insulin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lab was also able to see some major changes in how his genes were being used and what was in his blood right after this infection, as his type 2 diabetes was developing. The major changes were in pathways responsible for regulating his insulin levels. Something happened that caused his insulin regulation to go completely out of whack which is probably behind his rising glucose levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At around day 380, Mike radically changed his diet and exercise to try to bring his glucose levels back under control. He cut out all sugars and began to bike regularly. As you can see, his glucose levels started dropping by day 430 or so and continued to drop until they returned to normal. His diabetes is now under control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t know why this worked so well in Mike’s case. It may have been so effective because he was able to catch his diabetes so early or maybe because of how his diabetes developed or for some other reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also don’t know how common it is for a virus to cause Type 2 diabetes. Most people have doctor’s appointments every few years (and some of us even less often!) and so they might miss a sudden spike like this in their glucose levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may also be that some people have a set of genes that makes them more likely to end up with type 2 diabetes from a viral infection. Or that some people have a set of genes that make them more likely to respond to lifestyle changes if their diabetes is caught early. Or…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Snyder lab is trying to get at these and many other questions by expanding the study from one to fifty participants. The study will focus on diabetes and there are still some openings available to participate in the program. If you are interested, contact Wenyu Zhou at wenyuz@stanford.edu\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study will not be an easy one to join. To even be considered, participants need to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1) Have family members that developed diabetes or have impaired fasting glucose (fasting plasma glucose >100 mg/dL)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2) Have a body mass index of 25 to 40 kg/m2, and be from age 35-65\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3) NOT have major organ disease, active eating or psychiatric disorder, be pregnant or lactating, have heavy alcohol use, or use medications known to alter blood glucose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4) Be highly motivated, given the fact that the study is for at least a two-year period and asks for a strong commitment to give blood samples every three months plus more often when they are sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6855\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 97px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/MikeSnyder.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6855\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6855\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/MikeSnyder.jpg\" alt=\"His type 2 diabetes is our gain. Image of Dr. Mike Snyder courtesy of Department of Genetics, Stanford University\" width=\"97\" height=\"144\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">His type 2 diabetes is our gain. Image of Dr. Mike Snyder courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.stanford.edu/\">Department of Genetics\u003c/a>, Stanford University\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you meet these criteria, then you will undergo a set of additional medical tests (like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003466.htm\">glucose tolerance\u003c/a> for instance). If you make it through these, then you can officially join the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the study, you can be involved in helping to better understand diabetes. Not only that but you will get your DNA sequenced and if you choose, you can learn what your DNA can tell you about your future health risks. (At this time you can’t get your DNA sequence but hopefully, at some point, the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_review_board\">IRB \u003c/a>will lighten up on this.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucky (?) for me, I meet all the criteria and so I joined the study last week. Let me tell you, they are not lying about the motivation! Not only do they take what seemed an awful lot of blood, but they are also looking at the microbiomes (the bacterial populations) of various parts of my body. That means stool and urine samples and swabs from behind my ear, up my nose and from the top of my tongue. Yes, it is invasive but worth it (at least to me).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I love getting this constant stream of data and learning more about what my DNA says about me. I can also see what changes in my diet or exercise do to my glucose levels or if cinnamon actually helps control blood sugar and whatever else I can think of. Plus I get my DNA sequenced and get to help in gaining a better understanding of diabetes. Definitely a win-win for me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this won’t be the last of these studies. Mike will continue to plumb the depths of what it is to be Mike Snyder and so will keep getting poked and prodded for years to come. Undoubtedly lots more interesting findings are in his and our futures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is really the start of the future of medicine. Through these studies we’ll learn what we need to test and how often based on a patient’s genetics and whatever else they find is important. This is just a baby step on the road to personalized medicine but at least we are on our way.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/6821/virus-induced-type-2-diabetes","authors":["6177"],"categories":["science_30","science_39"],"tags":["science_233","science_326"],"featImg":"science_6826","label":"science"},"science_3500":{"type":"posts","id":"science_3500","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"3500","score":null,"sort":[1370021154000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"career-spotlight-bioengineer","title":"Career Spotlight: Bioengineer","publishDate":1370021154,"format":"video","headTitle":"Career Spotlight: Bioengineer | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":200,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Tejal Desai is a bioengineering professor at UC San Francisco who is investigating new treatments for diabetes. Using nanotechnology, she is developing a tiny capsule that contains pancreatic cells that produce insulin. This capsule would be implanted in a patient’s body and act as an artificial pancreas. In high school, Desai wasn’t sure what career path to pursue. As a freshman, she participated in a National Science Foundation program focused on engaging girls in science where she met a lot of inspirational women, including a biotech engineer. She says the topic appealed to her because “engineering could have direct health applications and help people.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is one of three in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/biotech-careers/\">Career Spotlight: Biotechnology\u003c/a> series. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tejal Desai is a bioengineering professor at UC San Francisco who is investigating new treatments for diabetes. Using nanotechnology, she is developing a tiny capsule that contains pancreatic cells that produce insulin.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704935688,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":124},"headData":{"title":"Career Spotlight: Bioengineer | KQED","description":"Tejal Desai is a bioengineering professor at UC San Francisco who is investigating new treatments for diabetes. Using nanotechnology, she is developing a tiny capsule that contains pancreatic cells that produce insulin.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmG2OxwOags","sticky":false,"path":"/science/3500/career-spotlight-bioengineer","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tejal Desai is a bioengineering professor at UC San Francisco who is investigating new treatments for diabetes. Using nanotechnology, she is developing a tiny capsule that contains pancreatic cells that produce insulin. This capsule would be implanted in a patient’s body and act as an artificial pancreas. In high school, Desai wasn’t sure what career path to pursue. As a freshman, she participated in a National Science Foundation program focused on engaging girls in science where she met a lot of inspirational women, including a biotech engineer. She says the topic appealed to her because “engineering could have direct health applications and help people.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is one of three in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/biotech-careers/\">Career Spotlight: Biotechnology\u003c/a> series. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/3500/career-spotlight-bioengineer","authors":["6219","6444","2100"],"series":["science_200"],"categories":["science_30","science_32","science_89"],"tags":["science_233"],"featImg":"science_3692","label":"science_200"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/FreshAir_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/HereNow_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/insideEurope.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/liveFromHere.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/Marketplace_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mindshift2021-tile-3000x3000-1-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/ME_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/OOW_Tile_Final.png","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/10/Our-Body-Politic_1600.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/PBS_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/powerpress/1440_0010_Perspectives_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/PB24_Final-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/TheWorld_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/saysYou.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/scienceFriday.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/powerpress/1440_0006_SciNews_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/selectedShorts.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Final-Tile-Design.png","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/techNation.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1440_0002_TheBay_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/12/TCR-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/12/TCRmag-scaled.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0000_TheLeap_iTunestile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/06/mastersofscale.jpeg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theNewYorker.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/TheTakeaway_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/TBT_2020tile_3000x3000-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/waitWait.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/WE_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/WE_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/worldaffairs-podcastlogo2021-scaled.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/04/16/white-lies_final_sq-b1391789cfa7562bf3a4cd0c9cdae27fc4fa01b9.jpg?s=800","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rightnowish_tile2021.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/jerrybrownpodcast.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/splendidtable-logo.jpeg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":181938,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38455,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30222,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30218,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14656,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12355,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11541,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11374,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5800,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2418,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1650,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"March 28, 2024 2:52 AM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":200323,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200323}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":240510,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132830},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107680}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":33526,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6928},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26598}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":26032,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7508},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13313},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5211}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":30807,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9964},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20843}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":40987,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40987}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":30978,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30978}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":56948,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22371},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34577}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":80942,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13499},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27555},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16763},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7508},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1238},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3417},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7412},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3245}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":134216,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15710},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22435},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30310},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23815},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7456},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34490}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":59132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59132}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":281953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167675},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114278}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":282299,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":181965},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100334}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":79681,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59767},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19914}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":22648,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17246},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5402}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":4848,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3670},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1178}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":5886,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4640},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1246}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":33290,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29379},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3911}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":21895,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14122},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7773}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":12321,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7773},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4548}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":45753,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45753}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":25114,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25114}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":37018,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14330},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5674},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12986},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4028}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":11509,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7552},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3957}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":17961,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10394},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7567}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":9225,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6914},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2311}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":6006,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4051},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":5269,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2336},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2933}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":108848,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108848}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":29629,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20341},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9288}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":22711,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5725},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10354},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1267},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3456}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":19922,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19922}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12226,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8538},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3688}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1390,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":909},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":481}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":11541,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7064},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4477}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":9935,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":301837,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142488},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52125},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107224}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":44037,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10513},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2392},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12789},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14024},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4319}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":42531,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42531}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":88675,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37157},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21958},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6161},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17883},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5516}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":167001,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144649},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22352}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":14126,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4947},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3435},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2718},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":14317,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5927},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8390}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":25102,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9872},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8692}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":21452,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6980},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8463},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5509},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":500}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":22792,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8801},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8351},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":20313,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6579},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13734}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":20565,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14886}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":14649,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10256},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4393}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":81684,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36828},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44856}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":13778,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6399},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7379}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":19895,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10947},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3134},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5814}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":17881,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11203},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":10133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7867},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2266}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":10161,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2826}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":10109,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6313},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":114898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79204},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35694}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":86439,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86439}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":117473,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42031},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75442}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":30228,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23876},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6352}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":16202,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11286},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4916}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":23282,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23282}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":13654,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10239},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3415}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":24764,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15731},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9033}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":1913,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":830}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":11091,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7602},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3489}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":14511,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8624},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5887}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":144574,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89236},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55338}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/science?tag=diabetes":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":6,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":false,"total":6,"items":["science_1949607","science_1941025","science_20354","science_19127","science_6821","science_3500"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"sessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"science_233":{"type":"terms","id":"science_233","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"233","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"diabetes","slug":"diabetes","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"diabetes Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":237,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/diabetes"},"source_science_1949607":{"type":"terms","id":"source_science_1949607","meta":{"override":true},"name":"NPR","isLoading":false},"source_science_1941025":{"type":"terms","id":"source_science_1941025","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Kaiser Health News","isLoading":false},"science_30":{"type":"terms","id":"science_30","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"30","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Biology","slug":"biology","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Biology Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":32,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/biology"},"science_39":{"type":"terms","id":"science_39","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"39","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Health","slug":"health","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Health Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":41,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/health"},"science_16":{"type":"terms","id":"science_16","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"16","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Import","slug":"import","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Import Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":17,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/import"},"science_40":{"type":"terms","id":"science_40","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"40","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"News","slug":"news","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"News Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":42,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/news"},"science_235":{"type":"terms","id":"science_235","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"235","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"alzheimer's","slug":"alzheimers","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"alzheimer's Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":239,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/alzheimers"},"science_5181":{"type":"terms","id":"science_5181","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"5181","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"health","slug":"health","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"health Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5181,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/health"},"science_3838":{"type":"terms","id":"science_3838","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"3838","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"ingest","slug":"ingest","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"ingest Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3838,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/ingest"},"science_327":{"type":"terms","id":"science_327","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"327","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"genetics","slug":"genetics","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"genetics Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":333,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/genetics"},"science_5187":{"type":"terms","id":"science_5187","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"5187","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Stanford University","slug":"stanford-university","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Stanford University Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5187,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/stanford-university"},"science_326":{"type":"terms","id":"science_326","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"326","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"genome","slug":"genome","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"genome Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":332,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/tag/genome"},"science_200":{"type":"terms","id":"science_200","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"200","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Career Spotlight: Biotechnology","slug":"biotech-careers","taxonomy":"series","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Career Spotlight: Biotechnology Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":204,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/series/biotech-careers"},"science_32":{"type":"terms","id":"science_32","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"32","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Education","slug":"education","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Education Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":34,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/education"},"science_89":{"type":"terms","id":"science_89","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"science","id":"89","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Engineering","slug":"engineering","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Engineering Archives | KQED Science","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":92,"isLoading":false,"link":"/science/category/engineering"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"claudebot","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"location":{"pathname":"/science/tag/diabetes","previousPathname":"/"}}