A California Grizzly prowls the San Fernando Valley before European settlement, as envisioned by painter Laura Cunningham. (Laura Cunningham/Basin and Range Watch)
Who says the grizzly bear has vanished from California? On the contrary, it’s nearly ubiquitous in the Golden State—on everything from the state flag to T-shirts and coffee mugs.
Of course, the bears themselves have been absent for nearly a century.
Before the Gold Rush, the best guess is there were probably 10,000 grizzlies in California. But in the space of about 75 years, they were trapped and hunted into extinction. Though no one can say with certainty when the last bear expired, by 1930 even unconfirmed sightings had winked out.
“They can be brought back,” insists Noah Greenwald, conservation director for the Arizona-based Center for Biological Diversity. In 2014, it petitioned the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to expand areas for grizzly recovery into California.
That petition was denied. The agency said it didn’t want to divert resources from its efforts to rebuild the brown bears’ populations elsewhere in the Lower 48. Currently wildlife officials estimate there are no more than 2,000 grizzlies spread across Montana, Wyoming, Idaho and Washington (with a much larger population in Alaska).
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“Certainly in Yellowstone National Park, which gets more than three million visitors a year, grizzly bears are a tremendous draw there and a real source of joy,” observes Greenwald.
And yes, they can be a source of danger. A female grizzly with cubs killed a hiker in Yellowstone last year—but bear attacks are exceedingly rare. So the Center for Biological Diversity is betting on taking its case directly to the public. It’s gathered about 13,000 signatures on an online petition, and is about to launch the next phase of a web and social media campaign under the banner, “Bring Back the Bear.”
“I do think it’s something—with some education and with further study—something that people could and will rally around,” Greenwald speculates.
Hollywood hasn’t exactly advanced the cause, doing for Grizzlies more or less what “Jaws” did for sharks—last year’s Oscar nominee for best picture being only the latest example. Leonardo DiCaprio’s violent encounter with a mama grizzly was likely the most talked-about scene in “The Revenant.”
There Are Bears—And Then There Are Grizzlies
Right now, the only encounter possible with a native California grizzly, is at the California Museum in Sacramento, where Monarch, the bear that served as a model for the state flag, stands stuffed behind glass walls.
Clearly some prefer their grizzlies that way and they’re not alone. State wildlife officials are, to say the least, skeptical of the bid to reestablish the bears in California.
Listen to the Story:
http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBGrizzlyBearsMiller160502.mp3 Yellowstone grizzly recording by Bernie Krause/Wild Sanctuary
Marc Kenyon is a bear biologist; a big, bearded bear of a guy himself, Kenyon heads the state’s Human-Wildlife Conflict Program.
“That grizzly would turn this thing into a tin can in a hurry,” says Kenyon, showing me the trailers his agency uses to trap and transport injured or wayward black bears.
Kenyon’s agency puts the number of black bears in California at somewhere between 30,000 and 60,000—but clearly black bears are not grizzlies, which can easily be twice the size, a thousand pounds or more. And even though the bears would be placed in remote areas, there’s no guarantee they would stay put.
“One thing I can tell you about bears is that bears roam,” says Kenyon. “And they’ll roam a long distance.”
The Center for Biological Diversity has identified nearly 8,000 square miles of potential habitat in the remote Sierra Nevada, with a smaller area near the Oregon border. Kenyon’s not sure it’s enough.
“I can only imagine how far a grizzly bear in California might roam,” he says, “in search for food, in search for mates, in search for its own habitat, its own territory.”
Source: Center for Biological Diversity (Teodros Hailye/KQED)
Even advocates, like nature journalist Jason Mark, concede that this wouldn’t be an easy lift.
He says the hardest part might be “changing the way that we think of what wild nature is good for.”
“Is it good, for us, just as a place to go recreate and watch and look at, or does wild nature have some intrinsic rights of its own?” he asks. “And in that sense the bear does have a right to return to what was once its homeland.”
Mark says the large carnivores could have ecological benefits, aiding in seed dispersal and balancing populations of smaller prey animals.
But Kenyon isn’t convinced that it’s the best thing for species like California’s declining deer population, or even for the bears themselves at this point.
“For a stable grizzly bear population, we’re looking in excess of 200 animals—that can find each other,” says Kenyon. By comparison, the Yellowstone grizzly population numbers about 700.
“If you get down to a density where the animals can’t find each other, you’re lessening the chance for them to breed,” he says, “and then you’re lessening the chance for the species to survive in the long term.”
Grizzlies … in Oakland?
Which brings us to the Oakland Zoo, where construction crews have started work on its California Trail project. The exhibit will feature the state’s iconic critters from big cats to condors, and the centerpiece will be a three-acre grizzly “habitat.”
“You know, unfortunately they tell sort of the sad history of humans and wildlife here in California,” says Colleen Kinzley, who directs animal care, conservation and research at the zoo.
“We want people to be aware of that,” she says. “I mean, despite the fact that the grizzly bear is on our flag and our state seal, many people don’t know that grizzlies existed in California and are really a part of this habitat and environment.”
The zoo is preparing for its first bears-in-residence sometime next year. And Kinzley says the best way to “bring back the bears” in the wild would be to let them come back on their own.
“You can’t just plop a large predator into a location and say, ‘Alright, everybody just get along,'” she says. “The bear will lose if you don’t have complete buy-in from all the different constituencies.”
It would be a long shot, to be sure, but it’s theoretically possible that, say, the tiny population of grizzlies in the Washington Cascades might work their way down into California, much as wolves have drifted down from Oregon.
“It would be a long way off but I think probably easier than getting everyone to agree to bring bears from somewhere and put them in California,” says Kinzley. Kenyon agrees.
In any case, it’s likely that for a long time to come, the only way to see live grizzlies in California will be with a big fence around them.
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On the contrary, it’s nearly ubiquitous in the Golden State—on everything from the state flag to T-shirts and coffee mugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the bears themselves have been absent for nearly a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Gold Rush, the best guess is there were probably 10,000 grizzlies in California. But in the space of about 75 years, they were trapped and hunted into extinction. Though no one can say with certainty when the last bear expired, by 1930 even unconfirmed sightings had winked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can be brought back,” insists Noah Greenwald, conservation director for the Arizona-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>. In 2014, it \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/mammals/grizzly_bear/pdfs/Grizzly_Recovery_Plan_Petition_.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">petitioned\u003c/a> the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to expand areas for grizzly recovery into California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663467\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-663467 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Darley-After-a-Day-of-Sport.jpg\" alt=\"The Gold Rush and repeating rifle proved to be the undoing of the California Grizzly. By the mid 1920s, they had been trapped and hunted into extinction.\" width=\"750\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Darley-After-a-Day-of-Sport.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Darley-After-a-Day-of-Sport-400x297.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Gold Rush and repeating rifle proved to be the undoing of the California Grizzly. By the mid 1920s, they had been trapped and hunted into extinction. \u003ccite>(University of California/Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That petition was denied. The agency said it didn’t want to divert resources from its efforts to rebuild the brown bears’ populations elsewhere \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/11/141130-grizzly-reintroduction-cascades-national-park-environment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the Lower 48\u003c/a>. Currently wildlife officials estimate there are no more than 2,000 grizzlies spread across Montana, Wyoming, Idaho and Washington (with a much larger population in Alaska).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly in Yellowstone National Park, which gets more than three million visitors a year, grizzly bears are a tremendous draw there and a real source of joy,” observes Greenwald.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yes, they can be a source of danger. A female grizzly with cubs killed a hiker in Yellowstone last year—but bear attacks are exceedingly rare. So the Center for Biological Diversity is betting on taking its case directly to the public. It’s gathered about 13,000 signatures on an online petition, and is about to launch the next phase of a \u003ca href=\"http://bringbackthebears.org/#home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web and social media campaign\u003c/a> under the banner, “Bring Back the Bear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 465px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-663472\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-800x450.jpg\" alt='The \"Bring Back the Bear\" campaign features a bearless state flag.' width=\"465\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The “Bring Back the Bear” campaign features a bearless state flag. \u003ccite>(Gyro/Center for Biological Diversity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I do think it’s something—with some education and with further study—something that people could and will rally around,” Greenwald speculates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollywood hasn’t exactly advanced the cause, doing for Grizzlies more or less what “Jaws” did for sharks—last year’s \u003ca href=\"http://oscar.go.com/news/winners/the-revenant-wins-3-2016-oscars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oscar nominee\u003c/a> for best picture being only the latest example. Leonardo DiCaprio’s violent encounter with a mama grizzly was likely the most talked-about scene in “The Revenant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There Are Bears—And Then There Are Grizzlies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the only encounter possible with a native California grizzly, is at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiamuseum.org/bear-mind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Museum\u003c/a> in Sacramento, where Monarch, the bear that served as a model for the state flag, stands stuffed behind glass walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly some prefer their grizzlies that way and they’re not alone. State wildlife officials are, to say the least, skeptical of the bid to reestablish the bears in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBGrizzlyBearsMiller160502.mp3\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Yellowstone grizzly recording by Bernie Krause/\u003ca href=\"http://www.wildsanctuary.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wild Sanctuary\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marc Kenyon is a bear biologist; a big, bearded bear of a guy himself, Kenyon heads the state’s Human-Wildlife Conflict Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That grizzly would turn this thing into a tin can in a hurry,” says Kenyon, showing me the trailers his agency uses to trap and transport injured or wayward black bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenyon’s agency puts the number of black bears in California at somewhere between 30,000 and 60,000—but clearly black bears are not grizzlies, which can easily be twice the size, a thousand pounds or more. And even though the bears would be placed in remote areas, there’s no guarantee they would stay put.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing I can tell you about bears is that bears roam,” says Kenyon. “And they’ll roam a long distance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Biological Diversity has identified nearly 8,000 square miles of potential habitat in the remote Sierra Nevada, with a smaller area near the Oregon border. Kenyon’s not sure it’s enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can only imagine how far a grizzly bear in California might roam,” he says, “in search for food, in search for mates, in search for its own habitat, its own territory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_665058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-665058\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Grizzly_Mobile.jpg\" alt=\"Source: Center for Biological Diversity\" width=\"750\" height=\"1135\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-medium-up\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-665057\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Grizzly_Desktop.jpg\" alt=\"Source: Center for Biological Diversity (Teodros Hailye/KQED)\" width=\"100%\"> Source: Center for Biological Diversity (Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Even advocates, like nature journalist Jason Mark, concede that this wouldn’t be an easy lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to at all underestimate the challenge of something ambitious like this,” says Mark, author of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Satellites-High-Country-Searching-Wild/dp/1610915801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Satellites in the High Country: Searching for the Wild in the Age of Man\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the hardest part might be “changing the way that we think of what wild nature is good for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it good, for us, just as a place to go recreate and watch and look at, or does wild nature have some intrinsic rights of its own?” he asks. “And in that sense the bear does have a right to return to what was once its homeland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark says the large carnivores could have ecological benefits, aiding in seed dispersal and balancing populations of smaller prey animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kenyon isn’t convinced that it’s the best thing for species like California’s declining deer population, or even for the bears themselves at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a stable grizzly bear population, we’re looking in excess of 200 animals—that can find each other,” says Kenyon. By comparison, the Yellowstone \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/10/151001-grizzly-bears-animals-science-conservation-nation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grizzly population\u003c/a> numbers about 700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you get down to a density where the animals can’t find each other, you’re lessening the chance for them to breed,” he says, “and then you’re lessening the chance for the species to survive in the long term.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663468\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-663468\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Merriam-Map-of-Bear-Habitat.jpg\" alt=\"C. Hart Merriam's hand-colored map shows grizzlies in widely varied habitats across California. He also identified several subspecies.\" width=\"750\" height=\"952\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Merriam-Map-of-Bear-Habitat.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Merriam-Map-of-Bear-Habitat-400x508.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">C. Hart Merriam’s hand-colored map shows grizzlies in widely varied habitats across California. He also identified six subspecies. \u003ccite>(University of California/Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Grizzlies … in Oakland?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us to the Oakland Zoo, where construction crews have started work on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiatrail.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Trail\u003c/a> project. The exhibit will feature the state’s iconic critters from big cats to condors, and the centerpiece will be a three-acre grizzly “habitat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, unfortunately they tell sort of the sad history of humans and wildlife here in California,” says Colleen Kinzley, who directs animal care, conservation and research at the zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want people to be aware of that,” she says. “I mean, despite the fact that the grizzly bear is on our flag and our state seal, many people don’t know that grizzlies existed in California and are really a part of this habitat and environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”tNDxIqCQ6OM8KhFUGLYNbB9Hg9p1oQ7s”]The zoo is preparing for its first bears-in-residence sometime next year. And Kinzley says the best way to “bring back the bears” in the wild would be to let them come back on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t just plop a large predator into a location and say, ‘Alright, everybody just get along,'” she says. “The bear will lose if you don’t have complete buy-in from all the different constituencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be a long shot, to be sure, but it’s theoretically possible that, say, the tiny population of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/11/141130-grizzly-reintroduction-cascades-national-park-environment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grizzlies in the Washington Cascades\u003c/a> might work their way down into California, much as wolves have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/20/gray-wolf-pups-found-in-california-first-in-nearly-a-century/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drifted down\u003c/a> from Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be a long way off but I think probably easier than getting everyone to agree to bring bears from somewhere and put them in California,” says Kinzley. Kenyon agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, it’s likely that for a long time to come, the only way to see live grizzlies in California will be with a big fence around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Featured art by Laura Cunningham, author of \u003ca href=\"https://heydaybooks.com/book/a-state-of-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A State of Change\u003c/a> and co-founder of the desert conservation group \u003ca href=\"http://www.basinandrangewatch.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Basin and Range Watch\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A small but persistent movement to bring the grizzly back to California is about to take it to the next level.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930242,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":39,"wordCount":1415},"headData":{"title":"Move to Return Grizzly Bears to California Will Be an Uphill Push | KQED","description":"A small but persistent movement to bring the grizzly back to California is about to take it to the next level.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","authorsData":[{"type":"authors","id":"221","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"221","found":true},"name":"Craig Miller","firstName":"Craig","lastName":"Miller","slug":"cmiller","email":"craig@voxterra.net","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Editor Emeritus, Science","bio":"Craig is a former KQED Science editor, specializing in weather, climate, water & energy issues, with a little seismology thrown in just to shake things up. Prior to that, he launched and led the station's award-winning multimedia project, Climate Watch. Craig is also an accomplished writer/producer of television documentaries, with a focus on natural resource issues.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"voxterra","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Craig Miller | KQED","description":"Editor Emeritus, Science","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/cmiller"}],"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/San-Fern.grizzly-hi-res001-1440x705.jpg","width":1440,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/San-Fern.grizzly-hi-res001-1440x705.jpg","width":1440,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"},"tagData":{"tags":["endangered species","wildlife"]}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/654146/grizzly-bears-are-everywhere-in-california-but-the-woods","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBGrizzlyBearsMiller160502.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Who says the grizzly bear has vanished from California? On the contrary, it’s nearly ubiquitous in the Golden State—on everything from the state flag to T-shirts and coffee mugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the bears themselves have been absent for nearly a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Gold Rush, the best guess is there were probably 10,000 grizzlies in California. But in the space of about 75 years, they were trapped and hunted into extinction. Though no one can say with certainty when the last bear expired, by 1930 even unconfirmed sightings had winked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can be brought back,” insists Noah Greenwald, conservation director for the Arizona-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>. In 2014, it \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/mammals/grizzly_bear/pdfs/Grizzly_Recovery_Plan_Petition_.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">petitioned\u003c/a> the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to expand areas for grizzly recovery into California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663467\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-663467 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Darley-After-a-Day-of-Sport.jpg\" alt=\"The Gold Rush and repeating rifle proved to be the undoing of the California Grizzly. By the mid 1920s, they had been trapped and hunted into extinction.\" width=\"750\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Darley-After-a-Day-of-Sport.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Darley-After-a-Day-of-Sport-400x297.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Gold Rush and repeating rifle proved to be the undoing of the California Grizzly. By the mid 1920s, they had been trapped and hunted into extinction. \u003ccite>(University of California/Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That petition was denied. The agency said it didn’t want to divert resources from its efforts to rebuild the brown bears’ populations elsewhere \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/11/141130-grizzly-reintroduction-cascades-national-park-environment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the Lower 48\u003c/a>. Currently wildlife officials estimate there are no more than 2,000 grizzlies spread across Montana, Wyoming, Idaho and Washington (with a much larger population in Alaska).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly in Yellowstone National Park, which gets more than three million visitors a year, grizzly bears are a tremendous draw there and a real source of joy,” observes Greenwald.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yes, they can be a source of danger. A female grizzly with cubs killed a hiker in Yellowstone last year—but bear attacks are exceedingly rare. So the Center for Biological Diversity is betting on taking its case directly to the public. It’s gathered about 13,000 signatures on an online petition, and is about to launch the next phase of a \u003ca href=\"http://bringbackthebears.org/#home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web and social media campaign\u003c/a> under the banner, “Bring Back the Bear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663472\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 465px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-663472\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-800x450.jpg\" alt='The \"Bring Back the Bear\" campaign features a bearless state flag.' width=\"465\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/No-Bearflag_2000.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The “Bring Back the Bear” campaign features a bearless state flag. \u003ccite>(Gyro/Center for Biological Diversity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I do think it’s something—with some education and with further study—something that people could and will rally around,” Greenwald speculates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollywood hasn’t exactly advanced the cause, doing for Grizzlies more or less what “Jaws” did for sharks—last year’s \u003ca href=\"http://oscar.go.com/news/winners/the-revenant-wins-3-2016-oscars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oscar nominee\u003c/a> for best picture being only the latest example. Leonardo DiCaprio’s violent encounter with a mama grizzly was likely the most talked-about scene in “The Revenant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There Are Bears—And Then There Are Grizzlies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the only encounter possible with a native California grizzly, is at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiamuseum.org/bear-mind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Museum\u003c/a> in Sacramento, where Monarch, the bear that served as a model for the state flag, stands stuffed behind glass walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly some prefer their grizzlies that way and they’re not alone. State wildlife officials are, to say the least, skeptical of the bid to reestablish the bears in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBGrizzlyBearsMiller160502.mp3\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Yellowstone grizzly recording by Bernie Krause/\u003ca href=\"http://www.wildsanctuary.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wild Sanctuary\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marc Kenyon is a bear biologist; a big, bearded bear of a guy himself, Kenyon heads the state’s Human-Wildlife Conflict Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That grizzly would turn this thing into a tin can in a hurry,” says Kenyon, showing me the trailers his agency uses to trap and transport injured or wayward black bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenyon’s agency puts the number of black bears in California at somewhere between 30,000 and 60,000—but clearly black bears are not grizzlies, which can easily be twice the size, a thousand pounds or more. And even though the bears would be placed in remote areas, there’s no guarantee they would stay put.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing I can tell you about bears is that bears roam,” says Kenyon. “And they’ll roam a long distance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Biological Diversity has identified nearly 8,000 square miles of potential habitat in the remote Sierra Nevada, with a smaller area near the Oregon border. Kenyon’s not sure it’s enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can only imagine how far a grizzly bear in California might roam,” he says, “in search for food, in search for mates, in search for its own habitat, its own territory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_665058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-665058\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Grizzly_Mobile.jpg\" alt=\"Source: Center for Biological Diversity\" width=\"750\" height=\"1135\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-medium-up\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-665057\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Grizzly_Desktop.jpg\" alt=\"Source: Center for Biological Diversity (Teodros Hailye/KQED)\" width=\"100%\"> Source: Center for Biological Diversity (Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Even advocates, like nature journalist Jason Mark, concede that this wouldn’t be an easy lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to at all underestimate the challenge of something ambitious like this,” says Mark, author of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Satellites-High-Country-Searching-Wild/dp/1610915801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Satellites in the High Country: Searching for the Wild in the Age of Man\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the hardest part might be “changing the way that we think of what wild nature is good for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it good, for us, just as a place to go recreate and watch and look at, or does wild nature have some intrinsic rights of its own?” he asks. “And in that sense the bear does have a right to return to what was once its homeland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark says the large carnivores could have ecological benefits, aiding in seed dispersal and balancing populations of smaller prey animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kenyon isn’t convinced that it’s the best thing for species like California’s declining deer population, or even for the bears themselves at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a stable grizzly bear population, we’re looking in excess of 200 animals—that can find each other,” says Kenyon. By comparison, the Yellowstone \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/10/151001-grizzly-bears-animals-science-conservation-nation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grizzly population\u003c/a> numbers about 700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you get down to a density where the animals can’t find each other, you’re lessening the chance for them to breed,” he says, “and then you’re lessening the chance for the species to survive in the long term.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_663468\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-663468\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Merriam-Map-of-Bear-Habitat.jpg\" alt=\"C. Hart Merriam's hand-colored map shows grizzlies in widely varied habitats across California. He also identified several subspecies.\" width=\"750\" height=\"952\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Merriam-Map-of-Bear-Habitat.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Merriam-Map-of-Bear-Habitat-400x508.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">C. Hart Merriam’s hand-colored map shows grizzlies in widely varied habitats across California. He also identified six subspecies. \u003ccite>(University of California/Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Grizzlies … in Oakland?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us to the Oakland Zoo, where construction crews have started work on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiatrail.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Trail\u003c/a> project. The exhibit will feature the state’s iconic critters from big cats to condors, and the centerpiece will be a three-acre grizzly “habitat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, unfortunately they tell sort of the sad history of humans and wildlife here in California,” says Colleen Kinzley, who directs animal care, conservation and research at the zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want people to be aware of that,” she says. “I mean, despite the fact that the grizzly bear is on our flag and our state seal, many people don’t know that grizzlies existed in California and are really a part of this habitat and environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The zoo is preparing for its first bears-in-residence sometime next year. And Kinzley says the best way to “bring back the bears” in the wild would be to let them come back on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t just plop a large predator into a location and say, ‘Alright, everybody just get along,'” she says. “The bear will lose if you don’t have complete buy-in from all the different constituencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be a long shot, to be sure, but it’s theoretically possible that, say, the tiny population of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/11/141130-grizzly-reintroduction-cascades-national-park-environment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grizzlies in the Washington Cascades\u003c/a> might work their way down into California, much as wolves have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/20/gray-wolf-pups-found-in-california-first-in-nearly-a-century/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drifted down\u003c/a> from Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be a long way off but I think probably easier than getting everyone to agree to bring bears from somewhere and put them in California,” says Kinzley. Kenyon agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, it’s likely that for a long time to come, the only way to see live grizzlies in California will be with a big fence around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Featured art by Laura Cunningham, author of \u003ca href=\"https://heydaybooks.com/book/a-state-of-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A State of Change\u003c/a> and co-founder of the desert conservation group \u003ca href=\"http://www.basinandrangewatch.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Basin and Range Watch\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/654146/grizzly-bears-are-everywhere-in-california-but-the-woods","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_261","science_804"],"featImg":"science_654225","label":"science","isLoading":false,"hasAllInfo":true}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mindshift2021-tile-3000x3000-1-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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