Navy Training Raises New Concerns for Whales off California Coast
Scientists Celebrate a Long-Dead Whale
Your Videos on QUEST: Kip Evans
The Season of the Gray Whale
Watching the Water
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That’s raising concerns for whales and marine mammals on the entire coast including gray, humpback and blue whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonar is known to disturb whales and can harm their hearing, a danger in an environment where sound is dominant. Sound travels four times faster underwater than it does in air, making it a powerful communication tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52057\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-52057\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg\" alt=\"(Jason Isley/Scubazoo)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jason Isley/Scubazoo)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The physical environment of the ocean really favors the use of sound and the animals have evolved accordingly,” said Brandon Southall, a marine scientist affiliated with the University of California-Santa Cruz. For the last few years, he’s been recording whales off California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue whales use deep rumblings, almost too low for humans to hear. “Some of these low-frequency sounds can be picked up hundreds of miles away from where the animals are,” said Southall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other dolphins and whales use sound to locate objects in the water through echolocation. It’s a key tool for deep-diving beaked whales, a family of rarely seen and little-understood whales found off the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a pattern of clicking that’s almost like a searchlight, where they’re flashing this strobe of sound,” Southall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navy sonar technology is based on the same idea, but the sounds can be four times louder than a whale call, loud enough to actually harm whales and in rare cases, kill them. That happened with a group of beaked whales in the Bahamas in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were training exercises, military sonar training exercises, and shortly thereafter, an atypical number of animals washed up dead on the beach,” said Southall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southall studies the effects of sonar, work that’s funded in part by the US Navy. Most commonly, sonar disrupts marine mammal behavior – sometimes behavior that’s crucial to survival. Southall and his team have seen blue whales and beaked whales stop feeding because of sonar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We absolutely share the concern about protecting marine mammals,” said Alex Stone, an environmental program manager with the Navy’s Pacific Fleet. The fleet has done sonar training off Southern California and Hawaii for years. Beginning next year, commanders are looking to increase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A training scenario may involve two or three Navy destroyers out looking for a submarine,” said Stone. The threat of submarine warfare decreased after the end of the Cold War, “but that trend has absolutely reversed and there’s been a proliferation of these very quiet, inexpensive diesel-electric submarines that a lot of countries have now,” including North Korea, explained Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Navy’s analysis, the sonar-training program could affect the behavior of whales, dolphins and marine mammals millions of times over five years. Stone says there are lookouts on board Navy ships that stop training runs if whales are spotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that the mitigation measures are effective, but it’s true, you’re never going to see every marine mammal that’s there,” said Stone. “But in terms of impacts on species, we really haven’t seen any of those after years and years of doing these same types of training and testing activities in these same areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s always been a dubious argument but in light of new information it’s wearing especially thin,” said Michael Jasny of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “We now know that beaked whales off California are declining precipitously. We know that blue whales aren’t recovering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jasny says the Navy should avoid key areas, like gray whale migration routes and the summer feeding grounds of endangered blue and fin whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Southern California is a globally important feeding habitat for them,” said Jasny. “It should be elementary common sense to avoid the core feeding habitat of blue whales. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California came to the same conclusion in a review of the Navy’s plan. At a March meeting, the California Coastal Commission staff recommended the Navy stay out of sensitive areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We rely on this large area and when you start to segment it in little areas where - you can go here, can’t go there - it really affects the training realism,” Stone responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five years ago, California made the same request, but the Navy went ahead with the training anyway, citing national security concerns. The Coastal Commission sued and lost. This time, state officials didn’t mince words, like Commissioner Jana Zimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got this stumbling block of the Navy being completely unwilling – completely unwilling to accept any of the mitigations,” Zimmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy is also seeking approval from federal wildlife officials with the National Marine Fisheries Service. The agency is expected to make a decision later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As the whale migration season reaches its peak, new concerns arise over naval training exercises off the California coast.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1438122992,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":858},"headData":{"title":"Navy Training Raises New Concerns for Whales off California Coast | KQED","description":"As the whale migration season reaches its peak, new concerns arise over naval training exercises off the California coast.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"52036 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=52036","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/05/navy-training-raises-new-concerns-for-whales-off-california-coast/","disqusTitle":"Navy Training Raises New Concerns for Whales off California Coast","WpOldSlug":"west-coast-a-test-bed-for-ocean-acidification-2","path":"/quest/52036/navy-training-raises-new-concerns-for-whales-off-california-coast","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/04/20130408quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/04/20130408quest.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The US Navy is planning to increase training exercises off the Southern California coast, including sonar and explosives training. That’s raising concerns for whales and marine mammals on the entire coast including gray, humpback and blue whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonar is known to disturb whales and can harm their hearing, a danger in an environment where sound is dominant. Sound travels four times faster underwater than it does in air, making it a powerful communication tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52057\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-52057\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg\" alt=\"(Jason Isley/Scubazoo)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jason Isley/Scubazoo)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The physical environment of the ocean really favors the use of sound and the animals have evolved accordingly,” said Brandon Southall, a marine scientist affiliated with the University of California-Santa Cruz. For the last few years, he’s been recording whales off California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue whales use deep rumblings, almost too low for humans to hear. “Some of these low-frequency sounds can be picked up hundreds of miles away from where the animals are,” said Southall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other dolphins and whales use sound to locate objects in the water through echolocation. It’s a key tool for deep-diving beaked whales, a family of rarely seen and little-understood whales found off the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a pattern of clicking that’s almost like a searchlight, where they’re flashing this strobe of sound,” Southall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navy sonar technology is based on the same idea, but the sounds can be four times louder than a whale call, loud enough to actually harm whales and in rare cases, kill them. That happened with a group of beaked whales in the Bahamas in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were training exercises, military sonar training exercises, and shortly thereafter, an atypical number of animals washed up dead on the beach,” said Southall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southall studies the effects of sonar, work that’s funded in part by the US Navy. Most commonly, sonar disrupts marine mammal behavior – sometimes behavior that’s crucial to survival. Southall and his team have seen blue whales and beaked whales stop feeding because of sonar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We absolutely share the concern about protecting marine mammals,” said Alex Stone, an environmental program manager with the Navy’s Pacific Fleet. The fleet has done sonar training off Southern California and Hawaii for years. Beginning next year, commanders are looking to increase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A training scenario may involve two or three Navy destroyers out looking for a submarine,” said Stone. The threat of submarine warfare decreased after the end of the Cold War, “but that trend has absolutely reversed and there’s been a proliferation of these very quiet, inexpensive diesel-electric submarines that a lot of countries have now,” including North Korea, explained Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Navy’s analysis, the sonar-training program could affect the behavior of whales, dolphins and marine mammals millions of times over five years. Stone says there are lookouts on board Navy ships that stop training runs if whales are spotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that the mitigation measures are effective, but it’s true, you’re never going to see every marine mammal that’s there,” said Stone. “But in terms of impacts on species, we really haven’t seen any of those after years and years of doing these same types of training and testing activities in these same areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s always been a dubious argument but in light of new information it’s wearing especially thin,” said Michael Jasny of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “We now know that beaked whales off California are declining precipitously. We know that blue whales aren’t recovering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jasny says the Navy should avoid key areas, like gray whale migration routes and the summer feeding grounds of endangered blue and fin whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Southern California is a globally important feeding habitat for them,” said Jasny. “It should be elementary common sense to avoid the core feeding habitat of blue whales. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California came to the same conclusion in a review of the Navy’s plan. At a March meeting, the California Coastal Commission staff recommended the Navy stay out of sensitive areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We rely on this large area and when you start to segment it in little areas where - you can go here, can’t go there - it really affects the training realism,” Stone responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five years ago, California made the same request, but the Navy went ahead with the training anyway, citing national security concerns. The Coastal Commission sued and lost. This time, state officials didn’t mince words, like Commissioner Jana Zimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got this stumbling block of the Navy being completely unwilling – completely unwilling to accept any of the mitigations,” Zimmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy is also seeking approval from federal wildlife officials with the National Marine Fisheries Service. The agency is expected to make a decision later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52036/navy-training-raises-new-concerns-for-whales-off-california-coast","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_13178","quest_326","quest_11518","quest_1743","quest_1950","quest_13203","quest_2046","quest_2726","quest_2731","quest_3143"],"featImg":"quest_52057","label":"quest"},"quest_51210":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_51210","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"51210","score":null,"sort":[1363892654000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"scientists-celebrate-a-long-dead-whale","title":"Scientists Celebrate a Long-Dead Whale","publishDate":1363892654,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51212\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/21/scientists-celebrate-a-long-dead-whale/whalefall/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51212\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/whalefall-300x169.png\" alt=\"Fallen whale carcasses nurture a variety of deep-sea life from large crabs and fish to thick coats of bacteria. Photo courtesy neptunecanada of Flickr via Creative Commons\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-51212\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fallen whale carcasses nurture a variety of deep-sea life from large crabs and fish to thick coats of bacteria. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/neptunecanada/7329819240/\" target=\"_blank\">neptunecanada of Flickr\u003c/a> via Creative Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A new paper describes the slowly rotting skeleton of a whale on the seafloor near the South Sandwich Islands, between South America and Antarctica. Why is such a thing exciting to geologists? There are a couple of reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When whales die, they drop dead wherever they happen to be. If they beach themselves first, their corpses lie on the beach, but most whales pass away at sea and sink. Once on the seafloor, their decomposing bodies, called \"whale falls,\" amount to a winning lottery ticket for a host of creatures, which gather around the corpses and settle in to live off them. The flesh goes first, then come the fat-filled bones. The biological communities that arise may last for decades, perhaps centuries, depending on the local conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are interested in whale falls as lovely self-contained examples of oceanic food chains. Geologists see whale falls as a rich study in \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/paleontology/qt/Taphonomy.htm\">taphonomy\u003c/a>, their name for everything that happens to organisms as they become fossilized. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think about the exquisite fossils you see in museums, the marvel is how clean they are, as if a taxidermist had prepared them for burial. But nature is a lousy taxidermist. For every perfect museum skeleton there are drawers backstage stuffed with thousands of bony fragments, incomplete and imperfect in many ways. But what the fossil collector sees as lamentable damage, the paleontologist—specifically the taphonomist—sees as possible environmental data. Everything from the tooth marks of scavengers to the scrapes made by construction-site bulldozers is the kind of evidence that geology prizes for insight into the living world of the deep past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the first whale falls studied by scientists were found by the U.S. Navy while they were searching for something they'd dropped. Most whale-fall research, however, is done on carcasses that are towed away from beaches and deliberately placed on the seafloor. That kind of research is quite young, though, and to learn about the late stages of whale-fall existence we need natural examples that are older. It is way too expensive to just dive down and look around for them, so we have to grab the opportunities that arise while we're looking for other things. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new paper was published in the journal \u003ci>Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography\u003c/i> in January (\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513000489\">read it online\u003c/a>). The British research ship \u003ca href=\"http://noc.ac.uk/research-at-sea/ships/rrs-james-cook\">\u003ci>James Cook\u003c/i>\u003c/a> was surveying a blown-out seafloor volcano full of hydrothermal vents (\u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geoprocesses/ig/hydrothermal-features/white-smoker.htm\">white smokers\u003c/a>) when it spotted whale bones. The scientists alertly carried out a state-of-the-art study using the ship's underwater roving vehicle \u003ci>Isis\u003c/i>, making a thorough video survey and grabbing some bone samples. It is only the sixth time that a natural whale fall has been examined in this much detail, and the first case from the Southern Ocean where whales are most abundant. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper is full of the kind of information that can be applied to fossils as we get our bearings in this field. The different stages of life on a whale fall leave different signs in the bones. The subject is complex, but that's what science is for. And the Bay Area's younger rocks, especially in the Santa Cruz area, are full of whale fossils. Modern whale falls can inform our understanding of the ancient times in which those whales lived and died around here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another thing that interests geologists, especially students of evolution, about whale falls is their role in the deep sea environment. Hospitable places in the deep sea are stepping stones for life, like oases in a desert or gas stations in Nevada. Many of the same species on whale falls also live on hydrothermal vents, which exist only in places where tectonic plates are spreading apart. Whale falls are scattered more randomly and allow the vent species to \"island hop,\" keeping the seafloor a unified biome. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These matters are relevant to how Earth operates. The deep seafloor can be a source of new species when mass extinctions strike the surface world, and vice versa. How did this work before whales existed? Are there signs in the fossil record, or in the genetic records of living species, of this process at work in the past? Those are the scientific topics that this new set of whale bones will help us address.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Why is a rotting whale on the Antarctic seafloor exciting to geologists?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366389232,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":757},"headData":{"title":"Scientists Celebrate a Long-Dead Whale | KQED","description":"Why is a rotting whale on the Antarctic seafloor exciting to geologists?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"51210 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=51210","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/21/scientists-celebrate-a-long-dead-whale/","disqusTitle":"Scientists Celebrate a Long-Dead Whale","path":"/quest/51210/scientists-celebrate-a-long-dead-whale","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51212\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/21/scientists-celebrate-a-long-dead-whale/whalefall/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51212\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/whalefall-300x169.png\" alt=\"Fallen whale carcasses nurture a variety of deep-sea life from large crabs and fish to thick coats of bacteria. Photo courtesy neptunecanada of Flickr via Creative Commons\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-51212\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fallen whale carcasses nurture a variety of deep-sea life from large crabs and fish to thick coats of bacteria. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/neptunecanada/7329819240/\" target=\"_blank\">neptunecanada of Flickr\u003c/a> via Creative Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A new paper describes the slowly rotting skeleton of a whale on the seafloor near the South Sandwich Islands, between South America and Antarctica. Why is such a thing exciting to geologists? There are a couple of reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When whales die, they drop dead wherever they happen to be. If they beach themselves first, their corpses lie on the beach, but most whales pass away at sea and sink. Once on the seafloor, their decomposing bodies, called \"whale falls,\" amount to a winning lottery ticket for a host of creatures, which gather around the corpses and settle in to live off them. The flesh goes first, then come the fat-filled bones. The biological communities that arise may last for decades, perhaps centuries, depending on the local conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are interested in whale falls as lovely self-contained examples of oceanic food chains. Geologists see whale falls as a rich study in \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/paleontology/qt/Taphonomy.htm\">taphonomy\u003c/a>, their name for everything that happens to organisms as they become fossilized. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think about the exquisite fossils you see in museums, the marvel is how clean they are, as if a taxidermist had prepared them for burial. But nature is a lousy taxidermist. For every perfect museum skeleton there are drawers backstage stuffed with thousands of bony fragments, incomplete and imperfect in many ways. But what the fossil collector sees as lamentable damage, the paleontologist—specifically the taphonomist—sees as possible environmental data. Everything from the tooth marks of scavengers to the scrapes made by construction-site bulldozers is the kind of evidence that geology prizes for insight into the living world of the deep past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the first whale falls studied by scientists were found by the U.S. Navy while they were searching for something they'd dropped. Most whale-fall research, however, is done on carcasses that are towed away from beaches and deliberately placed on the seafloor. That kind of research is quite young, though, and to learn about the late stages of whale-fall existence we need natural examples that are older. It is way too expensive to just dive down and look around for them, so we have to grab the opportunities that arise while we're looking for other things. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new paper was published in the journal \u003ci>Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography\u003c/i> in January (\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513000489\">read it online\u003c/a>). The British research ship \u003ca href=\"http://noc.ac.uk/research-at-sea/ships/rrs-james-cook\">\u003ci>James Cook\u003c/i>\u003c/a> was surveying a blown-out seafloor volcano full of hydrothermal vents (\u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geoprocesses/ig/hydrothermal-features/white-smoker.htm\">white smokers\u003c/a>) when it spotted whale bones. The scientists alertly carried out a state-of-the-art study using the ship's underwater roving vehicle \u003ci>Isis\u003c/i>, making a thorough video survey and grabbing some bone samples. It is only the sixth time that a natural whale fall has been examined in this much detail, and the first case from the Southern Ocean where whales are most abundant. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper is full of the kind of information that can be applied to fossils as we get our bearings in this field. The different stages of life on a whale fall leave different signs in the bones. The subject is complex, but that's what science is for. And the Bay Area's younger rocks, especially in the Santa Cruz area, are full of whale fossils. Modern whale falls can inform our understanding of the ancient times in which those whales lived and died around here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another thing that interests geologists, especially students of evolution, about whale falls is their role in the deep sea environment. Hospitable places in the deep sea are stepping stones for life, like oases in a desert or gas stations in Nevada. Many of the same species on whale falls also live on hydrothermal vents, which exist only in places where tectonic plates are spreading apart. Whale falls are scattered more randomly and allow the vent species to \"island hop,\" keeping the seafloor a unified biome. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These matters are relevant to how Earth operates. The deep seafloor can be a source of new species when mass extinctions strike the surface world, and vice versa. How did this work before whales existed? Are there signs in the fossil record, or in the genetic records of living species, of this process at work in the past? Those are the scientific topics that this new set of whale bones will help us address.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/51210/scientists-celebrate-a-long-dead-whale","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_176","quest_3405","quest_10690","quest_13202","quest_2564","quest_11857","quest_3143"],"featImg":"quest_51212","label":"quest"},"quest_37671":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_37671","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"37671","score":null,"sort":[1337106604000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"your-videos-on-quest-kip-evans","title":"Your Videos on QUEST: Kip Evans","publishDate":1337106604,"format":"video","headTitle":"Your Videos on QUEST | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3300,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>I’d like to switch places with \u003ca href=\"http://kipevansphotography.com/\">Kip Evans\u003c/a> for a few months. He’s a professional photographer, underwater explorer, and award-winning cinematographer from Pacific Grove, California and we are delighted to be featuring on QUEST an excerpt of his short film, “\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/MhiVfF-vM-g\" target=\"_blank\">Isla Holbox: Whale Shark Island\u003c/a>.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film is about an unusually large population of whale sharks that gathers off the coast of Mexico’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_Holbox\">Holbox Island\u003c/a> during the summer months to feed and mate. Narrated by marine biologist, Sylvia Earle, the film explores how the recent discovery of this population of whale sharks – the largest fish in the world- is shifting the economic focus of the surrounding area from fishing to eco-tourism. The film highlights the successes as well as the ecological concerns that have arisen from this transition. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37868\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 263px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Whale-Shark-Verticle-Feeding-Kip-Evans_MG_1393_21-263x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Whale Shark Verticle Feeding Kip Evans_MG_1393_2\" width=\"263\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-37868\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diver and whale shark vertical feeding. Photo by Kip Evans\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If I was actually able to switch places with Kip Evans, I’m not sure how he would feel about working at KQED and running the QUEST TV series. I’ll admit, my job is pretty much as cool as it gets for a Bay Area science geek and TV producer like me, but Evans's resume makes the day-to-day aspects of my job look downright mundane. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s an internationally known photographer who’s been widely published in books and magazines including National Geographic, Outside, Sea and Patagonia. He’s an underwater cinematographer and documentary producer who’s worked on shows for BBC, CNN, Discovery Channel and National Geographic. He’s also the Director of Photography and Expeditions for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sylviaearlealliance.org/\">Sylvia Earle Alliance\u003c/a> and has served for many years as the great marine biologist’s chief photographer and videographer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first became aware of Kip Evans's work in 2008 when I produced a QUEST TV story about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/profile-sylvia-earle/\">Sylvia Earle\u003c/a>. We only had about two hours to shoot an interview with Earle and that was all the time she could give us for the whole story. We normally shoot with the main subjects of our stories for two or three days in order to get enough footage to make a 10-minute story. So, because I had only a sit-down interview with Earle, I had to acquire all of the footage and photographs of her throughout her career. We were happy to locate Kip Evans and licensed some spectacular underwater footage and photographs from him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Sylvia-Earle-in-a-Deep-Rover_horiz-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Dr. Sylvia Earle in the Deep Rover submarine. \" width=\"377\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37799\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Sylvia Earle in the Deep Rover submarine. Photo by Kip Evans\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, when I was thinking about who we could feature in our new segment, “Your Videos on QUEST,” where we feature the work Bay Area filmmakers who tell science, environment and nature stories, I immediately thought of Evans. I feel lucky that he answered the phone when I first called because it seems that he’s often traveling around the world to shoot photographs and video about what he and Sylvia Earle call “Hope Spots”- places that are critically in need of protection and conservation because they are vital to saving what’s left of the planet’s oceans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was in college studying biology and cinema production, my dream was to one day, travel the world as a cinematographer shooting films and TV shows about science and nature. I’m not at all disappointed with where I ended up but I realize that one of the most special things about my job is that I get to meet people like Kip Evans and Sylvia Earle and showcase the important work they are doing to protect the environment. I suppose it’s the next best thing to being them. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Kip Evans is a natural history documentary filmmaker and photographer from Pacific Grove, California. This is an excerpt of his short film, “Isla Holbox: Whale Shark Island.\"\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457566188,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":629},"headData":{"title":"Your Videos on QUEST: Kip Evans | KQED","description":"Kip Evans is a natural history documentary filmmaker and photographer from Pacific Grove, California. This is an excerpt of his short film, “Isla Holbox: Whale Shark Island."\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"37671 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=37671","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/15/your-videos-on-quest-kip-evans/","disqusTitle":"Your Videos on QUEST: Kip Evans","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVmalPhev90","path":"/quest/37671/your-videos-on-quest-kip-evans","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I’d like to switch places with \u003ca href=\"http://kipevansphotography.com/\">Kip Evans\u003c/a> for a few months. He’s a professional photographer, underwater explorer, and award-winning cinematographer from Pacific Grove, California and we are delighted to be featuring on QUEST an excerpt of his short film, “\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/MhiVfF-vM-g\" target=\"_blank\">Isla Holbox: Whale Shark Island\u003c/a>.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film is about an unusually large population of whale sharks that gathers off the coast of Mexico’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_Holbox\">Holbox Island\u003c/a> during the summer months to feed and mate. Narrated by marine biologist, Sylvia Earle, the film explores how the recent discovery of this population of whale sharks – the largest fish in the world- is shifting the economic focus of the surrounding area from fishing to eco-tourism. The film highlights the successes as well as the ecological concerns that have arisen from this transition. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37868\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 263px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Whale-Shark-Verticle-Feeding-Kip-Evans_MG_1393_21-263x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Whale Shark Verticle Feeding Kip Evans_MG_1393_2\" width=\"263\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-37868\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diver and whale shark vertical feeding. Photo by Kip Evans\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If I was actually able to switch places with Kip Evans, I’m not sure how he would feel about working at KQED and running the QUEST TV series. I’ll admit, my job is pretty much as cool as it gets for a Bay Area science geek and TV producer like me, but Evans's resume makes the day-to-day aspects of my job look downright mundane. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s an internationally known photographer who’s been widely published in books and magazines including National Geographic, Outside, Sea and Patagonia. He’s an underwater cinematographer and documentary producer who’s worked on shows for BBC, CNN, Discovery Channel and National Geographic. He’s also the Director of Photography and Expeditions for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sylviaearlealliance.org/\">Sylvia Earle Alliance\u003c/a> and has served for many years as the great marine biologist’s chief photographer and videographer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first became aware of Kip Evans's work in 2008 when I produced a QUEST TV story about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/profile-sylvia-earle/\">Sylvia Earle\u003c/a>. We only had about two hours to shoot an interview with Earle and that was all the time she could give us for the whole story. We normally shoot with the main subjects of our stories for two or three days in order to get enough footage to make a 10-minute story. So, because I had only a sit-down interview with Earle, I had to acquire all of the footage and photographs of her throughout her career. We were happy to locate Kip Evans and licensed some spectacular underwater footage and photographs from him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Sylvia-Earle-in-a-Deep-Rover_horiz-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Dr. Sylvia Earle in the Deep Rover submarine. \" width=\"377\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37799\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Sylvia Earle in the Deep Rover submarine. Photo by Kip Evans\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, when I was thinking about who we could feature in our new segment, “Your Videos on QUEST,” where we feature the work Bay Area filmmakers who tell science, environment and nature stories, I immediately thought of Evans. I feel lucky that he answered the phone when I first called because it seems that he’s often traveling around the world to shoot photographs and video about what he and Sylvia Earle call “Hope Spots”- places that are critically in need of protection and conservation because they are vital to saving what’s left of the planet’s oceans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was in college studying biology and cinema production, my dream was to one day, travel the world as a cinematographer shooting films and TV shows about science and nature. I’m not at all disappointed with where I ended up but I realize that one of the most special things about my job is that I get to meet people like Kip Evans and Sylvia Earle and showcase the important work they are doing to protect the environment. I suppose it’s the next best thing to being them. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/37671/your-videos-on-quest-kip-evans","authors":["209"],"series":["quest_3300"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_684","quest_11094","quest_11093","quest_11095","quest_11092","quest_2034","quest_13","quest_2612","quest_2893","quest_3071","quest_11091","quest_3143"],"featImg":"quest_37832","label":"quest_3300"},"quest_27383":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_27383","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"27383","score":null,"sort":[1321557657000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-season-of-the-gray-whale","title":"The Season of the Gray Whale ","publishDate":1321557657,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":13211,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/graywhale.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/graywhale.jpg\" alt=\"graywhale\" title=\"graywhale\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-27417\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/graywhale.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/graywhale-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>One of the more remarkable migrations among marine animals occurs each year right outside the Golden Gate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late fall, the California gray whales passes south along our shoreline to the warm waters of the Sea of Cortez and the lagoons of Baja California, Mexico. Leaving the rich feeding grounds of the Bering and Chukchi seas off Alaska, these baleen whales travel along the coastal margins traveling a distance of approximately 6000 miles to breed and give birth. This round trip of 10,000 to 14,000 miles is considered among the longest annual migration of any mammal. Frequently these whales can be seen from our shoreline with great viewing site off the \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://www.ptreyes.org/index.shtml\" href=\"http://www.ptreyes.org/index.shtml\">Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a> or off Point Montara to the south. The whale is considered a conservation success story because protections instituted in the early 1930's have allowed populations to rebound from possibly less than 1000 individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leading my last wildlife trip of the year with SF Bay Whale watching last weekend, we spotted a resident gray whale at the southeast Farallon Island, likely an individual among the two hundred or so considered to be resident. These whales are generally juveniles who do not participate in the migration but feed along the shores of California. As opportunistic feeders, the whales scrape along the bottom filtering out crustaceans with their baleen, or scoops krill from the water or even in kelp beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an undergraduate I studied these whales in Laguna Ojo de Liebre (also known as \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://www.ontheroadin.com/baja/bajarvparks/scammonslagoon.htm\" href=\"http://www.ontheroadin.com/baja/bajarvparks/scammonslagoon.htm\">Scammon’s Lagoon\u003c/a> after the infamous whaler of the name) and \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://www.miramar-adventures.com/BajaMap.html#CentralBaja\" href=\"http://www.miramar-adventures.com/BajaMap.html#CentralBaja\">Guerrero Negro\u003c/a> in the Baja Peninsula. Camping along the margins of an estuary, we counted and identified whales, monitored movements and even dived the lagoon to observe behavior and collect bottom samples. At that time it was believed that the whales did not feed during their visit to Baja, or along the way, but relied instead on the fat stored from the rich feeding grounds to the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our observations of feeding whales, the verification of food in the lagoons, and other observations of feeding along the coast helped disprove that theory. Gray whales are opportunists, and this opportunism of feeding, migrations and non-migration may have helped the survival of the species. Back in the day before tighter restrictions were in place in Mexico, we commonly paddled our longboards across the lagoon to the sand dunes separating the calm waters from the sea. Juvenile whales would bump our boards and adults 40 feet long passed a hand's breadth beneath us -- with a grapefruit-sized eye staring back at us. Friendly whales frequently rubbed their parasites alongside our inflatable dinghy, as whales spy-hopped, breached and spouted all around us as we collected our data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recall surfing the lagoon mouth as whales passed through the narrow channel nearby, and slid on breaking waves from the shallow sand into the deeper channel, gliding over the whales' backs. Large tuna and sharks also shared the waters and it was not unusual to see a beached baby whale with the large serrated gnaw marks of white sharks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diving in the lagoon to collect bottom samples, whales would appear and disappear like grey ghosts or slide along creating a muck cloud. In addition to feeding on planktonic shrimp, gray whales bottom feed, skidding along the soft sediment, collecting mouthfuls of muck and loads of crabs, shrimps, isopods and other crustaceans and invertebrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like people, these whales are right or left sided, and older whales actually become blind in one eye from the continued contact with sediments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time around the American Civil War, the gray whale population was dramatically reduced by hunting in the lagoons. Especially vulnerable because of their coastal navigation, and exposure in what became called the “whaling lagoons,” the eastern Pacific gray whale population dwindled. Over 150 years ago, whalers like Charles Scammon slaughtered whales with abandon like fish in a barrel until the lagoons were described as vacant. Today, whale watch tours take tourists onto the Mexican lagoons to watch hundreds of these gentle whales. The old pier on Guererro Negro Lagoon still serves as a prime viewing ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/hOcxWkK0KQ8\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Mexico to Canada, whalers hunted the California gray. In fact, a whaling station operated in the San Francisco Bay near Point Molate in Richmond to hunt and process gray whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/Goo2MHirBLs\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sister population in the North Atlantic was pushed to extinction and a remnant population of a few hundred individuals lives further west in the Sea of Okhotsk and near Korea. After less than 75 years of systematic whaling the Eastern Pacific gray whale population had been reduced to numbers endangering their survival as a species. The gray whale was given partial protection in 1937 and full protection in 1947 by the \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://iwcoffice.org/index.htm\" href=\"http://iwcoffice.org/index.htm\">International Whaling Commission (IWC).\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the gray whale is a conservation success story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once estimated at less than 1000 individuals, the population of gray whales is currently between 20,000 and 22,000. Historically, this population is estimated to have been far greater. In 2007, S. Elizabeth Alter and \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://www.stanfordscientific.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66:a-passion-for-service&catid=42:volume-6-issue-2&Itemid=59\" href=\"http://www.stanfordscientific.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66:a-passion-for-service&catid=42:volume-6-issue-2&Itemid=59\">Dr. Steven Palumbi\u003c/a> of Stanford University used a genetic approach to estimate pre-whaling abundance based on samples from 42 California gray whales. The researchers reported DNA variability consistent with a population size of 76,000–118,000 individuals, three to five times larger than the average census size as measured through 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean ecosystem has very likely changed since the pre-whaling era including direct impacts from fishing the ocean and other indirect impacts making a return to pre-whaling numbers infeasible. Not all gray whales migrate. A population of about 200 resident gray whales stay along the eastern Pacific coast from Canada to California throughout the summer, avoiding the farther trip to Alaska waters. One of these resident whales has been regularly seen off Southeast Farallon Island in the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New research has questioned past paradigms regarding gray whale migratory and feeding behaviors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2011/07/06/gray-whales-likely-survived-the-ice-ages-by-changing-their-diets/\" href=\"http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2011/07/06/gray-whales-likely-survived-the-ice-ages-by-changing-their-diets/\">study\u003c/a> recently published by Dr. David Lindberg, a UC Berkeley professor of integrative biology with his former student Nicholas D. Pyenson, suggests that the whales appear to have more evolutionary plasticity than previously imagined. Gray whales survived many cycles of global cooling and warming over the past few million years, likely by exploiting a more varied diet than they do today, according to the paleontologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it appears that gray whales may be highly resilient to environmental changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oldest gray whale fossils date back 2.5 million years, and since then, the Earth has gone through more than 40 major cycles of warming and cooling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists propose that gray whales survived the disappearance of their primary feeding ground by employing generalist filter-feeding modes, similar to the resident gray whales found between northern Washington State and Vancouver Island. These whales filter feed for krill and other crustaceans similar to other baleen whales like humpbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new assessment is hopeful for the gray whales survival, and may help them survive the potential impacts of climate change over the next few centuries where an expected sea level rise of several meters, and where alterations in current patterns and temperatures are predicted. Let's hope that increased protections for these and other whales that visit our sanctuary waters, and protecting whale food like \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/jointplan/mb_krill.html#description\" href=\"http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/jointplan/mb_krill.html#description\">krill from commercial harvest\u003c/a>, will help these magnificent marine mammals continue to survive the environmental change in the coming century.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One of the more remarkable migrations among marine animals occurs each year right outside the Golden Gate.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1321557755,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.youtube.com/embed/hOcxWkK0KQ8","http://www.youtube.com/embed/Goo2MHirBLs"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1258},"headData":{"title":"The Season of the Gray Whale | KQED","description":"One of the more remarkable migrations among marine animals occurs each year right outside the Golden Gate.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"27383 http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/17/the-season-of-the-gray-whale/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/17/the-season-of-the-gray-whale/","disqusTitle":"The Season of the Gray Whale ","path":"/quest/27383/the-season-of-the-gray-whale","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/graywhale.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/graywhale.jpg\" alt=\"graywhale\" title=\"graywhale\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-27417\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/graywhale.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/graywhale-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>One of the more remarkable migrations among marine animals occurs each year right outside the Golden Gate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late fall, the California gray whales passes south along our shoreline to the warm waters of the Sea of Cortez and the lagoons of Baja California, Mexico. Leaving the rich feeding grounds of the Bering and Chukchi seas off Alaska, these baleen whales travel along the coastal margins traveling a distance of approximately 6000 miles to breed and give birth. This round trip of 10,000 to 14,000 miles is considered among the longest annual migration of any mammal. Frequently these whales can be seen from our shoreline with great viewing site off the \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://www.ptreyes.org/index.shtml\" href=\"http://www.ptreyes.org/index.shtml\">Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a> or off Point Montara to the south. The whale is considered a conservation success story because protections instituted in the early 1930's have allowed populations to rebound from possibly less than 1000 individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leading my last wildlife trip of the year with SF Bay Whale watching last weekend, we spotted a resident gray whale at the southeast Farallon Island, likely an individual among the two hundred or so considered to be resident. These whales are generally juveniles who do not participate in the migration but feed along the shores of California. As opportunistic feeders, the whales scrape along the bottom filtering out crustaceans with their baleen, or scoops krill from the water or even in kelp beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an undergraduate I studied these whales in Laguna Ojo de Liebre (also known as \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://www.ontheroadin.com/baja/bajarvparks/scammonslagoon.htm\" href=\"http://www.ontheroadin.com/baja/bajarvparks/scammonslagoon.htm\">Scammon’s Lagoon\u003c/a> after the infamous whaler of the name) and \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://www.miramar-adventures.com/BajaMap.html#CentralBaja\" href=\"http://www.miramar-adventures.com/BajaMap.html#CentralBaja\">Guerrero Negro\u003c/a> in the Baja Peninsula. Camping along the margins of an estuary, we counted and identified whales, monitored movements and even dived the lagoon to observe behavior and collect bottom samples. At that time it was believed that the whales did not feed during their visit to Baja, or along the way, but relied instead on the fat stored from the rich feeding grounds to the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our observations of feeding whales, the verification of food in the lagoons, and other observations of feeding along the coast helped disprove that theory. Gray whales are opportunists, and this opportunism of feeding, migrations and non-migration may have helped the survival of the species. Back in the day before tighter restrictions were in place in Mexico, we commonly paddled our longboards across the lagoon to the sand dunes separating the calm waters from the sea. Juvenile whales would bump our boards and adults 40 feet long passed a hand's breadth beneath us -- with a grapefruit-sized eye staring back at us. Friendly whales frequently rubbed their parasites alongside our inflatable dinghy, as whales spy-hopped, breached and spouted all around us as we collected our data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recall surfing the lagoon mouth as whales passed through the narrow channel nearby, and slid on breaking waves from the shallow sand into the deeper channel, gliding over the whales' backs. Large tuna and sharks also shared the waters and it was not unusual to see a beached baby whale with the large serrated gnaw marks of white sharks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diving in the lagoon to collect bottom samples, whales would appear and disappear like grey ghosts or slide along creating a muck cloud. In addition to feeding on planktonic shrimp, gray whales bottom feed, skidding along the soft sediment, collecting mouthfuls of muck and loads of crabs, shrimps, isopods and other crustaceans and invertebrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like people, these whales are right or left sided, and older whales actually become blind in one eye from the continued contact with sediments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time around the American Civil War, the gray whale population was dramatically reduced by hunting in the lagoons. Especially vulnerable because of their coastal navigation, and exposure in what became called the “whaling lagoons,” the eastern Pacific gray whale population dwindled. Over 150 years ago, whalers like Charles Scammon slaughtered whales with abandon like fish in a barrel until the lagoons were described as vacant. Today, whale watch tours take tourists onto the Mexican lagoons to watch hundreds of these gentle whales. The old pier on Guererro Negro Lagoon still serves as a prime viewing ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/hOcxWkK0KQ8\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Mexico to Canada, whalers hunted the California gray. In fact, a whaling station operated in the San Francisco Bay near Point Molate in Richmond to hunt and process gray whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/Goo2MHirBLs\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sister population in the North Atlantic was pushed to extinction and a remnant population of a few hundred individuals lives further west in the Sea of Okhotsk and near Korea. After less than 75 years of systematic whaling the Eastern Pacific gray whale population had been reduced to numbers endangering their survival as a species. The gray whale was given partial protection in 1937 and full protection in 1947 by the \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://iwcoffice.org/index.htm\" href=\"http://iwcoffice.org/index.htm\">International Whaling Commission (IWC).\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the gray whale is a conservation success story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once estimated at less than 1000 individuals, the population of gray whales is currently between 20,000 and 22,000. Historically, this population is estimated to have been far greater. In 2007, S. Elizabeth Alter and \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://www.stanfordscientific.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66:a-passion-for-service&catid=42:volume-6-issue-2&Itemid=59\" href=\"http://www.stanfordscientific.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66:a-passion-for-service&catid=42:volume-6-issue-2&Itemid=59\">Dr. Steven Palumbi\u003c/a> of Stanford University used a genetic approach to estimate pre-whaling abundance based on samples from 42 California gray whales. The researchers reported DNA variability consistent with a population size of 76,000–118,000 individuals, three to five times larger than the average census size as measured through 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean ecosystem has very likely changed since the pre-whaling era including direct impacts from fishing the ocean and other indirect impacts making a return to pre-whaling numbers infeasible. Not all gray whales migrate. A population of about 200 resident gray whales stay along the eastern Pacific coast from Canada to California throughout the summer, avoiding the farther trip to Alaska waters. One of these resident whales has been regularly seen off Southeast Farallon Island in the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New research has questioned past paradigms regarding gray whale migratory and feeding behaviors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2011/07/06/gray-whales-likely-survived-the-ice-ages-by-changing-their-diets/\" href=\"http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2011/07/06/gray-whales-likely-survived-the-ice-ages-by-changing-their-diets/\">study\u003c/a> recently published by Dr. David Lindberg, a UC Berkeley professor of integrative biology with his former student Nicholas D. Pyenson, suggests that the whales appear to have more evolutionary plasticity than previously imagined. Gray whales survived many cycles of global cooling and warming over the past few million years, likely by exploiting a more varied diet than they do today, according to the paleontologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it appears that gray whales may be highly resilient to environmental changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oldest gray whale fossils date back 2.5 million years, and since then, the Earth has gone through more than 40 major cycles of warming and cooling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists propose that gray whales survived the disappearance of their primary feeding ground by employing generalist filter-feeding modes, similar to the resident gray whales found between northern Washington State and Vancouver Island. These whales filter feed for krill and other crustaceans similar to other baleen whales like humpbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new assessment is hopeful for the gray whales survival, and may help them survive the potential impacts of climate change over the next few centuries where an expected sea level rise of several meters, and where alterations in current patterns and temperatures are predicted. Let's hope that increased protections for these and other whales that visit our sanctuary waters, and protecting whale food like \u003ca title=\"blocked::http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/jointplan/mb_krill.html#description\" href=\"http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/jointplan/mb_krill.html#description\">krill from commercial harvest\u003c/a>, will help these magnificent marine mammals continue to survive the environmental change in the coming century.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/27383/the-season-of-the-gray-whale","authors":["10217"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_3309","quest_1284","quest_13202","quest_3143"],"collections":["quest_13211"],"featImg":"quest_27417","label":"quest_13211"},"quest_709":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_709","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"709","score":null,"sort":[1216839986000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"watching-the-water","title":"Watching the Water","publishDate":1216839986,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/orca_pod_southern_residents1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 16th, my Mom and I left San Francisco by boat to tour the Southeast coastal islands of Alaska. I have been hearing stories about the untamed Alaska since I was a small child. My mom lived in Kodiak as a girl. Her father and my grandfather had his last tour of Naval duty on Kodiak. His assignment was to survey the numbers of Kodiak bears for the sake of conservation. So I was more than eager to see the wildness and wildlife of Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While at sea, I've seen common Alaskan wildlife. Humpbacks have spouted and breached, raven and eagles have dived at the water for a dinner of spawning salmon. But I keep looking at the water, hoping to glimpse \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orca\" target=\"_blank\">Orcas\u003c/a>. The next opportunity to do so will be tomorrow coming out of the port of Victoria, British Columbia. Orcas, or killer whales as they are commonly known, are not whales at all. They are the largest species of the dolphin family and they are prominent along the Southeast islands of Alaska. They have captured the spirit of natives in these lands. They are alive in their legends and are carved into totem poles that are being preserved in the towns and museums along the coast. Both the native people here and Orcas form matriarchal societies and many native people believe that members of their tribe are reincarnated as killer whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/orca1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.rockisland.com/~orcasurv/resident.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Resident Orcas\u003c/a> are just one type of Killer Whale. Three groups of Orcas have been found to be genetically separate on the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA level here. Resident Orcas stay close to the shore of the Alaskan islands in herds of up to 200. They have strongly bonded familial ties and are the fisherman of the Orcas, as their diet consists only of fish. \u003ca href=\"http://www.rockisland.com/~orcasurv/transien.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Transient Orcas\u003c/a>, on the other hand, live also in groups of up to 200 but will split off for the sake of the hunt. They hunt small marine mammals and migrate a great deal more, going where they can find food. While residents have a small and predictable migration route, transients are harder to research because of an unpredictable migration route. Researchers in Alaska have been able to collect more data on resident pods because of their predictability. They identify each individual by their Saddle-patch, or the white markings adjacent to the dorsal fin. It is like a fingerprint, identifying individual Orcas. The third group of Orcas is even more elusive than the transient pods. They are known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rockisland.com/~orcasurv/offshore.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Offshore Orcas\u003c/a>. They are known as the rogue of the species and have been very difficult to research because of their unpredictability and often solo migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am most interested in Orcas because of the question of Orca culture. They are seen as very intelligent animals by Native tribes as well as researchers. There is a controversy in the scientific field if Orcas have culture. Traits of fishing or hunting seem to be passed down to offspring denoting learning and hence culture. However, the science community is still split on learning behavior. One story I heard while here paints them as creatures of learning and remorse. One sick Orca was found in a pod. Fisherman noticed the other pod-mates line up and the sick Orca went through the line giving attention to each pod member and then left the pod after what looked like \"saying his goodbyes\". Was this a goodbye ritual for sending off a dying pod-mate? Whether is was or not, such unusual behavior is well worth more research. Hopefully, I will be able to see some of their behavior myself before returning to San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7697 -122.466\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"While at sea, I've seen common Alaskan wildlife. Humpbacks have spouted and breached, raven and eagles have dived at the water for a dinner of spawning salmon. But I keep looking at the water, hoping to glimpse Orcas.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1216839986,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":617},"headData":{"title":"Watching the Water | KQED","description":"While at sea, I've seen common Alaskan wildlife. Humpbacks have spouted and breached, raven and eagles have dived at the water for a dinner of spawning salmon. But I keep looking at the water, hoping to glimpse Orcas.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"709 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=709","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/07/23/watching-the-water/","disqusTitle":"Watching the Water","path":"/quest/709/watching-the-water","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/orca_pod_southern_residents1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 16th, my Mom and I left San Francisco by boat to tour the Southeast coastal islands of Alaska. I have been hearing stories about the untamed Alaska since I was a small child. My mom lived in Kodiak as a girl. Her father and my grandfather had his last tour of Naval duty on Kodiak. His assignment was to survey the numbers of Kodiak bears for the sake of conservation. So I was more than eager to see the wildness and wildlife of Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While at sea, I've seen common Alaskan wildlife. Humpbacks have spouted and breached, raven and eagles have dived at the water for a dinner of spawning salmon. But I keep looking at the water, hoping to glimpse \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orca\" target=\"_blank\">Orcas\u003c/a>. The next opportunity to do so will be tomorrow coming out of the port of Victoria, British Columbia. Orcas, or killer whales as they are commonly known, are not whales at all. They are the largest species of the dolphin family and they are prominent along the Southeast islands of Alaska. They have captured the spirit of natives in these lands. They are alive in their legends and are carved into totem poles that are being preserved in the towns and museums along the coast. Both the native people here and Orcas form matriarchal societies and many native people believe that members of their tribe are reincarnated as killer whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/orca1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.rockisland.com/~orcasurv/resident.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Resident Orcas\u003c/a> are just one type of Killer Whale. Three groups of Orcas have been found to be genetically separate on the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA level here. Resident Orcas stay close to the shore of the Alaskan islands in herds of up to 200. They have strongly bonded familial ties and are the fisherman of the Orcas, as their diet consists only of fish. \u003ca href=\"http://www.rockisland.com/~orcasurv/transien.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Transient Orcas\u003c/a>, on the other hand, live also in groups of up to 200 but will split off for the sake of the hunt. They hunt small marine mammals and migrate a great deal more, going where they can find food. While residents have a small and predictable migration route, transients are harder to research because of an unpredictable migration route. Researchers in Alaska have been able to collect more data on resident pods because of their predictability. They identify each individual by their Saddle-patch, or the white markings adjacent to the dorsal fin. It is like a fingerprint, identifying individual Orcas. The third group of Orcas is even more elusive than the transient pods. They are known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rockisland.com/~orcasurv/offshore.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Offshore Orcas\u003c/a>. They are known as the rogue of the species and have been very difficult to research because of their unpredictability and often solo migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am most interested in Orcas because of the question of Orca culture. They are seen as very intelligent animals by Native tribes as well as researchers. There is a controversy in the scientific field if Orcas have culture. Traits of fishing or hunting seem to be passed down to offspring denoting learning and hence culture. However, the science community is still split on learning behavior. One story I heard while here paints them as creatures of learning and remorse. One sick Orca was found in a pod. Fisherman noticed the other pod-mates line up and the sick Orca went through the line giving attention to each pod member and then left the pod after what looked like \"saying his goodbyes\". Was this a goodbye ritual for sending off a dying pod-mate? Whether is was or not, such unusual behavior is well worth more research. Hopefully, I will be able to see some of their behavior myself before returning to San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7697 -122.466\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/709/watching-the-water","authors":["10173"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_102","quest_13193","quest_473","quest_848","quest_859","quest_1099","quest_1569","quest_3351","quest_1726","quest_2034","quest_2056","quest_2086","quest_2349","quest_2420","quest_2556","quest_2979","quest_3058","quest_3108","quest_3143"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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