Local Farmer Sets His Sights on a New Crop: Crickets
Vacant Lots Get a Green Makeover
Dredging Up a Problem
'The Vine That Ate the South' Heads North
Protecting Summer Hang-Outs For Bats
Forget the Lawnmower, Hire Sheep
Recycling Dirt: A New Niche in the Fracking Industry
City Chickens: Pets with Perks
Sponsored
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What about a handful of crickets? One daring entrepreneur is bucking the “yuck” factor and opening the first U.S. farm to grow insects exclusively for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I went to visit this intrepid cricketeer at \u003ca href=\"http://bigcricketfarms.com/\">Big Cricket Farms\u003c/a>, located in an old warehouse in Youngstown, Ohio. It’s the perfect place to grow crickets, according to owner Kevin Bachhuber. “So these are our babies. They’re actually hardening up right now,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71831\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-029.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71831 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-029-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"bug farm 029\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Owner Kevin Bachhuber points to the tubs that house the young crickets.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The crickets live in big, black square tents that sit right on the warehouse floor. Inside the tents are bright lights, an interior like tin foil, and stacks of Rubbermaid tubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71833\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71833 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-013-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"bug farm 013\" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The crickets live in tightly-sealed tents within an old Ohio warehouse.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crack a lid on one of those tubs and you’ll find cricket city. “There are little cricket high-rises made out of egg carton. If you look here, the little tiny grains of rice things -- wow, there’s a lot of them -- are the eggs,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These guys munch on organic chicken feed and mature rapidly, within two months. While some of these crickets will be sold whole at local farmers’ markets, most will be ground up and made into “cricket flour,” a nutrient-dense product that can be used in baked goods. Bachhuber says they’re in talks with energy bar companies as well as chip and cookie manufacturers who are interested in buying cricket flour in volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be because insects are such a rich source of protein and minerals. They’re commonly used in zoo and pet food. In other countries, people have been eating bugs for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, though, there’s the cultural “yuck” factor to contend with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I said the word ‘insect’ to the average person on the street, immediately they’ll think of a cockroach,” said Sonny Ramaswamy, the director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture within the USDA. “So there is that sort of a creepy-crawly-hairy-cockroachy type of a mental image that’s created…so that’s one thing that you’ve got to overcome,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71834\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-016.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71834 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-016-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"bug farm 016\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Egg cartons are like \"cricket high rises\" says Bachhuber. The insects munch on organic chicken feed.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And there’s good reason to make the critters more approachable to Western palates, says Ramaswamy, who, by the way, cooks up curried crickets for DC crowds whenever he gets the chance. In addition to their high protein content and rapid reproduction rate, “their ecological footprint is pretty significantly lower than other things. They use a lot less resources -- the amount of energy needed, the amount of water needed, the amount of land needed, and things like that,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">To produce a pound of crickets requires one gallon of water and two pounds of feed, says Bachhuber. The same amount of beef requires anywhere from 400 to 2,000 gallons of water and 25 pounds of feed. “They are marvelously efficient little digesters, and growers,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To produce a pound of crickets requires one gallon of water and two pounds of feed, says Bachhuber. The same amount of beef requires anywhere from 400 to 2,000 gallons of water and 25 pounds of feed. “They are marvelously efficient little digesters, and growers,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing crickets, or any insect for that matter, is uncharted water for regulatory agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insect farms are new,” said Ashley McDonald with the Ohio Department of Agriculture. “They would be new to us. And we don’t regulate them at this time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald says they do regulate food processors, and so in that sense the operation would be treated like any other food facility when it comes to good practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Big Cricket Farms, Bachhuber takes food safety to the point of self-described paranoia. “These guys should be clean and safe. We don’t want to destroy our industry before it starts or anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They welcome inspectors and want their operation to be a model for other startup insect farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA is working on insect-specific regulations, but they aren’t finished yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for when you can expect to see cricket on the menu or in your protein bar, it might not be that far off. Big Cricket Farms will debut their product this August.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Insect protein is all the buzz lately, and for good reason -- it doesn’t require many resources to produce. Now one urban farmer in Ohio wants to cash in on that trend.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450495253,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":786},"headData":{"title":"Local Farmer Sets His Sights on a New Crop: Crickets | KQED","description":"Insect protein is all the buzz lately, and for good reason -- it doesn’t require many resources to produce. Now one urban farmer in Ohio wants to cash in on that trend.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"71590 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=71590","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/08/19/local-farmer-sets-his-sights-on-a-new-crop-crickets/","disqusTitle":"Local Farmer Sets His Sights on a New Crop: Crickets","source":"Food","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/food/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Crickets/bugsquestmp3.mp3","path":"/quest/71590/local-farmer-sets-his-sights-on-a-new-crop-crickets","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When you’re hungry, do you reach for potato chips or peanuts? What about a handful of crickets? One daring entrepreneur is bucking the “yuck” factor and opening the first U.S. farm to grow insects exclusively for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I went to visit this intrepid cricketeer at \u003ca href=\"http://bigcricketfarms.com/\">Big Cricket Farms\u003c/a>, located in an old warehouse in Youngstown, Ohio. It’s the perfect place to grow crickets, according to owner Kevin Bachhuber. “So these are our babies. They’re actually hardening up right now,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71831\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-029.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71831 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-029-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"bug farm 029\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Owner Kevin Bachhuber points to the tubs that house the young crickets.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The crickets live in big, black square tents that sit right on the warehouse floor. Inside the tents are bright lights, an interior like tin foil, and stacks of Rubbermaid tubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71833\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71833 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-013-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"bug farm 013\" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The crickets live in tightly-sealed tents within an old Ohio warehouse.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crack a lid on one of those tubs and you’ll find cricket city. “There are little cricket high-rises made out of egg carton. If you look here, the little tiny grains of rice things -- wow, there’s a lot of them -- are the eggs,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These guys munch on organic chicken feed and mature rapidly, within two months. While some of these crickets will be sold whole at local farmers’ markets, most will be ground up and made into “cricket flour,” a nutrient-dense product that can be used in baked goods. Bachhuber says they’re in talks with energy bar companies as well as chip and cookie manufacturers who are interested in buying cricket flour in volume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be because insects are such a rich source of protein and minerals. They’re commonly used in zoo and pet food. In other countries, people have been eating bugs for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, though, there’s the cultural “yuck” factor to contend with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I said the word ‘insect’ to the average person on the street, immediately they’ll think of a cockroach,” said Sonny Ramaswamy, the director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture within the USDA. “So there is that sort of a creepy-crawly-hairy-cockroachy type of a mental image that’s created…so that’s one thing that you’ve got to overcome,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71834\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-016.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71834 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/bug-farm-016-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"bug farm 016\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Egg cartons are like \"cricket high rises\" says Bachhuber. The insects munch on organic chicken feed.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And there’s good reason to make the critters more approachable to Western palates, says Ramaswamy, who, by the way, cooks up curried crickets for DC crowds whenever he gets the chance. In addition to their high protein content and rapid reproduction rate, “their ecological footprint is pretty significantly lower than other things. They use a lot less resources -- the amount of energy needed, the amount of water needed, the amount of land needed, and things like that,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">To produce a pound of crickets requires one gallon of water and two pounds of feed, says Bachhuber. The same amount of beef requires anywhere from 400 to 2,000 gallons of water and 25 pounds of feed. “They are marvelously efficient little digesters, and growers,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To produce a pound of crickets requires one gallon of water and two pounds of feed, says Bachhuber. The same amount of beef requires anywhere from 400 to 2,000 gallons of water and 25 pounds of feed. “They are marvelously efficient little digesters, and growers,” said Bachhuber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing crickets, or any insect for that matter, is uncharted water for regulatory agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insect farms are new,” said Ashley McDonald with the Ohio Department of Agriculture. “They would be new to us. And we don’t regulate them at this time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald says they do regulate food processors, and so in that sense the operation would be treated like any other food facility when it comes to good practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Big Cricket Farms, Bachhuber takes food safety to the point of self-described paranoia. “These guys should be clean and safe. We don’t want to destroy our industry before it starts or anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They welcome inspectors and want their operation to be a model for other startup insect farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA is working on insect-specific regulations, but they aren’t finished yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for when you can expect to see cricket on the menu or in your protein bar, it might not be that far off. Big Cricket Farms will debut their product this August.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/71590/local-farmer-sets-his-sights-on-a-new-crop-crickets","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3229","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_12962","quest_12964","quest_10606","quest_10603","quest_12269","quest_10327","quest_12963","quest_12961","quest_2349","quest_10429","quest_13364","quest_13365","quest_3042","quest_12212","quest_12295","quest_12960"],"featImg":"quest_71830","label":"source_quest_71590"},"quest_58920":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_58920","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"58920","score":null,"sort":[1395842428000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"vacant-lots-get-a-green-makeover","title":"Vacant Lots Get a Green Makeover","publishDate":1395842428,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Vacant+to+vibrant/Stream/vacantstreamwfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vacant lots are a big problem for cities that have lost a lot of their population, like Detroit and Cleveland. That’s got people tinkering with ways to do something meaningful with the space, such as plant an urban farm or create a neighborhood park. But those options take money, time, and maintenance, so researchers in Cleveland are testing a way to help revitalize an area -- and improve stormwater management -- without breaking the bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Cleveland is home to 20,000 vacant lots. Last fall I trudged through one of them with Sandra Albro, a researcher with the Cleveland Botanical Garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There used to be an abandoned building here, flanked by houses in the city’s\u003ca href=\"http://slavicvillage.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Slavic Village\u003c/a> neighborhood. In its place Albro’s team is installing a rain garden amid rumbling Bobcats, bags of mulch, and plenty of mud. Galoshes were in short supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68248\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Slavic-Village-Vacant-to-Vibrant-046.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68248\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Slavic-Village-Vacant-to-Vibrant-046-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sandra Albro plants her rain garden with greenery that will help mitigate stormwater problems. Credit: Anne Glausser. \" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Albro plants the vacant lot with greenery that will help mitigate the city's stormwater problems. Credit: Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Situated on a slope, at the base of the site is a big, bean-shaped indentation in the soil that will soon be planted with thirsty native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we're hoping to accomplish with these beans, our little rain gardens, is to just slow the water down and capture it long enough to let it \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmo0FRAVgkM&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\">infiltrate into the soil\u003c/a>,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “beans” are part of an \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/urbanwaters\" target=\"_blank\">EPA-funded research study\u003c/a> looking at lower cost, lower maintenance ways to transform vacant land while benefiting communities and the environment. In the environmental engineering community, this kind of project is often called \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/greeninfrastructure/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">green infrastructure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Albro has set up nine “beans” in this neighborhood and will be comparing their ability to capture stormwater runoff to control sites they’re also monitoring. Regardless of what the data yield, Albro said “greening” projects like this tend to benefit communities in many ways. “There's been a lot of evidence showing that intensive green in neighborhoods improves property values by about 30 percent,” she said. “It reduces violent crime and improves human health indicators. And then on the green infrastructure side, I mean, we do know that green infrastructure can absorb millions of gallons of stormwater every year, so we're hoping to achieve a mixture of those two things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stormwater is a big issue in cities like Cleveland. Heavy rains overwhelm the sewer system here, forcing \u003ca href=\"http://www.neorsd.org/cso_edu.php\" target=\"_blank\">raw sewage to discharge\u003c/a> into Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68253\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Cleveland_vacants_8-15-131-e1394635400622.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Cleveland_vacants_8-15-131-e1394635400622-453x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cleveland_vacants_8-15-13\" width=\"386\" height=\"306\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cleveland's vacant spaces, highlighted in orange, all present opportunities for green revitalization. Credit: Sandra Albro.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Albro hopes data from this study, and others like it, will help cities make smart land-use decisions. “We're definitely not promising this is the be all, end all of vacant land reuse and green infrastructure, but in two years we will be able to tell you exactly how it works and what the pros and cons are,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right as Albro planted the site’s first seedling, an aster, the sky turned gray. I camped out under Marlane Weslian’s umbrella. Weslian is a longtime resident and works for the area development group. She said she joined the project because she cares about stormwater issues, but mostly to help her neighborhood get back on its feet. “I've actually been living in the neighborhood since 1972. I raised my kids here and I'm living here now with my partner and I'm not gonna leave. It's a great neighborhood. We'll weather all the ups and downs. We always have,” Weslian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project’s plan is to tap into this sense of neighborhood pride, and recruit local volunteers to tend the rain gardens. Urban planners with whom I spoke, including Terry Schwarz with the Kent State Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative, say this kind of dual-purpose green infrastructure project could go a long way in helping Cleveland dust off and rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take a neighborhood that's on the -- maybe on the brink -- that has demolition and some vacant land but also has residents living there who would really like to see their neighborhood turn around, these individual vacant parcels become really important,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Vacant lots are a big problem for cities with population loss, like Cleveland, where researchers are testing a cost-efficient way to transform abandoned land into spaces that revitalize neighborhoods and improve the environment. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442698980,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":741},"headData":{"title":"Vacant Lots Get a Green Makeover | KQED","description":"Vacant lots are a big problem for cities with population loss, like Cleveland, where researchers are testing a cost-efficient way to transform abandoned land into spaces that revitalize neighborhoods and improve the environment. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"58920 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=58920","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/26/vacant-lots-get-a-green-makeover/","disqusTitle":"Vacant Lots Get a Green Makeover","path":"/quest/58920/vacant-lots-get-a-green-makeover","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Vacant+to+vibrant/Stream/vacantstreamwfunders.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Vacant+to+vibrant/Stream/vacantstreamwfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vacant lots are a big problem for cities that have lost a lot of their population, like Detroit and Cleveland. That’s got people tinkering with ways to do something meaningful with the space, such as plant an urban farm or create a neighborhood park. But those options take money, time, and maintenance, so researchers in Cleveland are testing a way to help revitalize an area -- and improve stormwater management -- without breaking the bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Cleveland is home to 20,000 vacant lots. Last fall I trudged through one of them with Sandra Albro, a researcher with the Cleveland Botanical Garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There used to be an abandoned building here, flanked by houses in the city’s\u003ca href=\"http://slavicvillage.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Slavic Village\u003c/a> neighborhood. In its place Albro’s team is installing a rain garden amid rumbling Bobcats, bags of mulch, and plenty of mud. Galoshes were in short supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68248\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Slavic-Village-Vacant-to-Vibrant-046.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68248\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Slavic-Village-Vacant-to-Vibrant-046-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sandra Albro plants her rain garden with greenery that will help mitigate stormwater problems. Credit: Anne Glausser. \" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Albro plants the vacant lot with greenery that will help mitigate the city's stormwater problems. Credit: Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Situated on a slope, at the base of the site is a big, bean-shaped indentation in the soil that will soon be planted with thirsty native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we're hoping to accomplish with these beans, our little rain gardens, is to just slow the water down and capture it long enough to let it \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmo0FRAVgkM&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\">infiltrate into the soil\u003c/a>,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “beans” are part of an \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/urbanwaters\" target=\"_blank\">EPA-funded research study\u003c/a> looking at lower cost, lower maintenance ways to transform vacant land while benefiting communities and the environment. In the environmental engineering community, this kind of project is often called \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/greeninfrastructure/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">green infrastructure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Albro has set up nine “beans” in this neighborhood and will be comparing their ability to capture stormwater runoff to control sites they’re also monitoring. Regardless of what the data yield, Albro said “greening” projects like this tend to benefit communities in many ways. “There's been a lot of evidence showing that intensive green in neighborhoods improves property values by about 30 percent,” she said. “It reduces violent crime and improves human health indicators. And then on the green infrastructure side, I mean, we do know that green infrastructure can absorb millions of gallons of stormwater every year, so we're hoping to achieve a mixture of those two things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stormwater is a big issue in cities like Cleveland. Heavy rains overwhelm the sewer system here, forcing \u003ca href=\"http://www.neorsd.org/cso_edu.php\" target=\"_blank\">raw sewage to discharge\u003c/a> into Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68253\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Cleveland_vacants_8-15-131-e1394635400622.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Cleveland_vacants_8-15-131-e1394635400622-453x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cleveland_vacants_8-15-13\" width=\"386\" height=\"306\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cleveland's vacant spaces, highlighted in orange, all present opportunities for green revitalization. Credit: Sandra Albro.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Albro hopes data from this study, and others like it, will help cities make smart land-use decisions. “We're definitely not promising this is the be all, end all of vacant land reuse and green infrastructure, but in two years we will be able to tell you exactly how it works and what the pros and cons are,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right as Albro planted the site’s first seedling, an aster, the sky turned gray. I camped out under Marlane Weslian’s umbrella. Weslian is a longtime resident and works for the area development group. She said she joined the project because she cares about stormwater issues, but mostly to help her neighborhood get back on its feet. “I've actually been living in the neighborhood since 1972. I raised my kids here and I'm living here now with my partner and I'm not gonna leave. It's a great neighborhood. We'll weather all the ups and downs. We always have,” Weslian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project’s plan is to tap into this sense of neighborhood pride, and recruit local volunteers to tend the rain gardens. Urban planners with whom I spoke, including Terry Schwarz with the Kent State Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative, say this kind of dual-purpose green infrastructure project could go a long way in helping Cleveland dust off and rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take a neighborhood that's on the -- maybe on the brink -- that has demolition and some vacant land but also has residents living there who would really like to see their neighborhood turn around, these individual vacant parcels become really important,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/58920/vacant-lots-get-a-green-makeover","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_12021","quest_12699","quest_12269","quest_12698","quest_10327","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_10429","quest_12693","quest_11130","quest_12694","quest_12697","quest_11536","quest_12701","quest_12695","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_68353","label":"quest"},"quest_65631":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_65631","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"65631","score":null,"sort":[1395410423000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dredging-up-a-problem","title":"Dredging Up a Problem","publishDate":1395410423,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to maintain open navigation channels for ships, sediment buildup in waterways has to be scooped out periodically through a process known as dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68708\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Great Lakes states, 60 commercial ports rely on this practice. When dredged material is contaminated, it raises questions about how to dispose of it safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/aoc/cuyahoga/\">Cuyahoga River\u003c/a> in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/dredge/\">dredging. \u003c/a> The standard practice has been to put the river muck in confined disposal facilities (\u003ca href=\"http://www.iadc-dredging.com/ul/cms/fck-uploaded/documents/PDF%20Facts%20About/facts-about-confined-disposal-facilities.pdf\">CDFs\u003c/a>). But now there’s a controversial new \u003ca href=\"http://wwwapp.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/401Applications/CHD2014/134292-Cuyahoga2014Dredge401application.pdf\">proposal\u003c/a> on the table to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie, a source of drinking water for more than 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt are hauled into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.portofcleveland.com/\">Port of Cleveland\u003c/a> and unloaded. This commerce supports more than 17,000 jobs, all of which depend on the shipping channel remaining clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sediment naturally flows downstream with the current, and when it does it clogs things up. To keep the channel open, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil/\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> removes enough sediment each year to fill a stadium (approximately 250,000 cubic yards).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is then what to do with the spoils, what to do with what you dredge up from the bottom. So we’ve constantly got this, not ‘Where’s Waldo?’ but ‘Where to Put Waldo?’” said Eric Fitch, an environmental science professor at Marietta College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it’s been put in confined disposal facilities near the Erie shore. Now the Army Corps, the agency charged with maintaining the nation’s navigation channels, wants to dump it into the open lake instead. Fitch said this might be a reasonable plan, though he’d like to see some pilot testing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-68714\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\" alt=\"The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">Other Great Lakes harbors\u003c/a> already submerge their dredged material in fresh water. As much as 50 percent of dredged Great Lakes sediment is placed in the open lake, once it is determined to be largely free of contaminants. Some states, including Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, have attempted to ban the practice due to concerns about lingering sediment contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some northeast Ohio residents, environmental groups, and politicians vocally oppose this idea of lake dumping and say it’s an ill-advised cost-cutting measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no idea at this point how it will contaminate the water process [or] what we’ll have to do to add additional chemicals and treatments,” said Cleveland council member Michael Polensek at a recent public hearing held by the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68706\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Long-time resident George Havens also testified at the meeting. “I’ve been living in Cleveland for 89 years and drinking this water. I’d like to continue to drink it a little bit longer. Dumping anything into the lake is unscientific, unimaginative, uncivilized, and barbaric,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/sediments.html\">Great Lakes basin\u003c/a> has a long history of industrial pollution, and some of those pollutants, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/about.htm\">PCBs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">PAHs\u003c/a>, heavy metals, DDT, and its metabolite DDE, persist in the buried sediment. Current urban and agricultural runoff also contributes to the problem. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/CivilWorks/PublicReview/ClevelandOpenLakeEA-FinalDraft.pdf\">Army Corps says according to their tests on the Cuyahoga River, the sediment in the proposed dredging location is not as contaminated\u003c/a> as it used to be. But they have faced pushback not only from citizens and NGOs but also from the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day they need to meet the Ohio EPA water quality standards,” said Ohio EPA Northeast Office District Chief Kurt Princic, “and we don’t feel that’s being met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ohio EPA has to sign off on the Army Corps proposal before it can move forward. Princic says they’re concerned because the dredged material would be dumped close to the city’s drinking water intake valves. Fish toxicity is another concern. They also question the methods by which the Army Corps arrived at their conclusion that the sediment is safe enough to put in the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Asquith, dredging program manager for the Army Corps’s Buffalo District, said the sampling methods employed were appropriate for the situation. “All the material there is recent and storm-derived. It’s not a situation where you have legacy contamination over years of material being placed there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Akron geoscientist John Peck reviewed the Corps’s methodology, and is still on the fence about whether this is a good idea or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outstanding question for him was why didn’t they take samples from deeper down, where they would be dredging? “I just wonder, because you’ll vary the floods, you’ll vary the type of sediment, you’ll vary the contaminants, maybe one should just take a sediment core,” Peck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns like this have environmental groups calling for the Ohio EPA to put the brakes on the plan and allow for further review of the science and a discussion of other disposal options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"A Common Yellowthroat perches on top of the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River.\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Common Yellowthroat perches on shrubbery at the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River. Photo by Laura Gooch / Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the Army Corps is required to deal with the material in the least expensive environmentally acceptable manner, there are other options for it. It could be stored more efficiently at the current confined disposal sites and eke out, by some estimates, another 20 years of storage. Or it could be \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/oceandumping/dredgedmaterial/upload/2004_08_20_oceans_regulatory_dumpdredged_framework_techframework.pdf\">remediated\u003c/a> and put to \u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">beneficial use. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Green Bay, Wisconsin, uses dredged material to reconstruct a series of barrier islands, creating habitat for pelicans, cormorants, and other species. Grand Haven, Michigan, mixes their dredged material with composted municipal yard waste to create topsoil. Chicago has also experimented with reuse with their “Mud to Parks” project. At the Port of Duluth-Superior in Minnesota and Wisconsin, dredged material replaces fill dirt on construction sites, and it’s also used in asphalt production. And even Cleveland has a history of putting it to beneficial use: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/Coastal_Main_Menu/PublicAccess/CU_ClevLakefrontNaturePreserve_Dike14/tabid/22784/Default.aspx\">Dike 14 Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is made up of material dredged from the Cuyahoga in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision is expected from Ohio EPA by the end of March as to whether material from the Cuyahoga River will be allowed in Lake Erie. Rejecting this proposal would send the Army Corps of Engineers back to the drawing board to find another place to put this season’s cache of muck.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Cuyahoga River in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent dredging to keep the shipping channels open. Now a controversial new proposal to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie has residents worried about contamination of the public water supply. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442699329,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1191},"headData":{"title":"Dredging Up a Problem | KQED","description":"The Cuyahoga River in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent dredging to keep the shipping channels open. Now a controversial new proposal to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie has residents worried about contamination of the public water supply. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"65631 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=65631","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/21/dredging-up-a-problem/","disqusTitle":"Dredging Up a Problem","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/65631/dredging-up-a-problem","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to maintain open navigation channels for ships, sediment buildup in waterways has to be scooped out periodically through a process known as dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68708\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Great Lakes states, 60 commercial ports rely on this practice. When dredged material is contaminated, it raises questions about how to dispose of it safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/aoc/cuyahoga/\">Cuyahoga River\u003c/a> in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/dredge/\">dredging. \u003c/a> The standard practice has been to put the river muck in confined disposal facilities (\u003ca href=\"http://www.iadc-dredging.com/ul/cms/fck-uploaded/documents/PDF%20Facts%20About/facts-about-confined-disposal-facilities.pdf\">CDFs\u003c/a>). But now there’s a controversial new \u003ca href=\"http://wwwapp.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/401Applications/CHD2014/134292-Cuyahoga2014Dredge401application.pdf\">proposal\u003c/a> on the table to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie, a source of drinking water for more than 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt are hauled into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.portofcleveland.com/\">Port of Cleveland\u003c/a> and unloaded. This commerce supports more than 17,000 jobs, all of which depend on the shipping channel remaining clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sediment naturally flows downstream with the current, and when it does it clogs things up. To keep the channel open, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil/\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> removes enough sediment each year to fill a stadium (approximately 250,000 cubic yards).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is then what to do with the spoils, what to do with what you dredge up from the bottom. So we’ve constantly got this, not ‘Where’s Waldo?’ but ‘Where to Put Waldo?’” said Eric Fitch, an environmental science professor at Marietta College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it’s been put in confined disposal facilities near the Erie shore. Now the Army Corps, the agency charged with maintaining the nation’s navigation channels, wants to dump it into the open lake instead. Fitch said this might be a reasonable plan, though he’d like to see some pilot testing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-68714\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\" alt=\"The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">Other Great Lakes harbors\u003c/a> already submerge their dredged material in fresh water. As much as 50 percent of dredged Great Lakes sediment is placed in the open lake, once it is determined to be largely free of contaminants. Some states, including Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, have attempted to ban the practice due to concerns about lingering sediment contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some northeast Ohio residents, environmental groups, and politicians vocally oppose this idea of lake dumping and say it’s an ill-advised cost-cutting measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no idea at this point how it will contaminate the water process [or] what we’ll have to do to add additional chemicals and treatments,” said Cleveland council member Michael Polensek at a recent public hearing held by the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68706\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Long-time resident George Havens also testified at the meeting. “I’ve been living in Cleveland for 89 years and drinking this water. I’d like to continue to drink it a little bit longer. Dumping anything into the lake is unscientific, unimaginative, uncivilized, and barbaric,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/sediments.html\">Great Lakes basin\u003c/a> has a long history of industrial pollution, and some of those pollutants, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/about.htm\">PCBs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">PAHs\u003c/a>, heavy metals, DDT, and its metabolite DDE, persist in the buried sediment. Current urban and agricultural runoff also contributes to the problem. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/CivilWorks/PublicReview/ClevelandOpenLakeEA-FinalDraft.pdf\">Army Corps says according to their tests on the Cuyahoga River, the sediment in the proposed dredging location is not as contaminated\u003c/a> as it used to be. But they have faced pushback not only from citizens and NGOs but also from the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day they need to meet the Ohio EPA water quality standards,” said Ohio EPA Northeast Office District Chief Kurt Princic, “and we don’t feel that’s being met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ohio EPA has to sign off on the Army Corps proposal before it can move forward. Princic says they’re concerned because the dredged material would be dumped close to the city’s drinking water intake valves. Fish toxicity is another concern. They also question the methods by which the Army Corps arrived at their conclusion that the sediment is safe enough to put in the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Asquith, dredging program manager for the Army Corps’s Buffalo District, said the sampling methods employed were appropriate for the situation. “All the material there is recent and storm-derived. It’s not a situation where you have legacy contamination over years of material being placed there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Akron geoscientist John Peck reviewed the Corps’s methodology, and is still on the fence about whether this is a good idea or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outstanding question for him was why didn’t they take samples from deeper down, where they would be dredging? “I just wonder, because you’ll vary the floods, you’ll vary the type of sediment, you’ll vary the contaminants, maybe one should just take a sediment core,” Peck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns like this have environmental groups calling for the Ohio EPA to put the brakes on the plan and allow for further review of the science and a discussion of other disposal options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"A Common Yellowthroat perches on top of the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River.\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Common Yellowthroat perches on shrubbery at the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River. Photo by Laura Gooch / Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the Army Corps is required to deal with the material in the least expensive environmentally acceptable manner, there are other options for it. It could be stored more efficiently at the current confined disposal sites and eke out, by some estimates, another 20 years of storage. Or it could be \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/oceandumping/dredgedmaterial/upload/2004_08_20_oceans_regulatory_dumpdredged_framework_techframework.pdf\">remediated\u003c/a> and put to \u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">beneficial use. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Green Bay, Wisconsin, uses dredged material to reconstruct a series of barrier islands, creating habitat for pelicans, cormorants, and other species. Grand Haven, Michigan, mixes their dredged material with composted municipal yard waste to create topsoil. Chicago has also experimented with reuse with their “Mud to Parks” project. At the Port of Duluth-Superior in Minnesota and Wisconsin, dredged material replaces fill dirt on construction sites, and it’s also used in asphalt production. And even Cleveland has a history of putting it to beneficial use: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/Coastal_Main_Menu/PublicAccess/CU_ClevLakefrontNaturePreserve_Dike14/tabid/22784/Default.aspx\">Dike 14 Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is made up of material dredged from the Cuyahoga in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision is expected from Ohio EPA by the end of March as to whether material from the Cuyahoga River will be allowed in Lake Erie. Rejecting this proposal would send the Army Corps of Engineers back to the drawing board to find another place to put this season’s cache of muck.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/65631/dredging-up-a-problem","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_8","quest_9","quest_12","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12760","quest_252","quest_12021","quest_688","quest_12757","quest_3541","quest_10167","quest_883","quest_12269","quest_10201","quest_1339","quest_10327","quest_12758","quest_12098","quest_12638","quest_2141","quest_9868","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_10429","quest_2576","quest_12759","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_68713","label":"source_quest_65631"},"quest_60182":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_60182","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"60182","score":null,"sort":[1385737239000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-vine-that-ate-the-south-heads-north","title":"'The Vine That Ate the South' Heads North","publishDate":1385737239,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/kudzu/Stream/kudzu+11.19+with+intro+and+funder+mp3.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-64034\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1.jpg\" alt=\"Kudzu is an invasive vine that's prevalent in the South, but now many Northern states have it as well. This is a patch in the Collinwood neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kudzu is an invasive vine that's prevalent in the South, but now many Northern states have it as well. This is a patch in the Collinwood neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Say the word “kudzu” to anyone from the South and they’ll probably know what you’re talking about. That’s because in states like Georgia and Alabama the invasive vine known as kudzu covers roadsides, chokes forests, brings down power lines, and blankets entire buildings. It’s made its way into country songs, becoming a metaphor for clingy love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kudzu’s twined itself into Southern culture, but it’s a big environmental headache, causing crop and property damage and loss of biodiversity. And now the vine’s coming north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64040\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2781.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64040\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2781-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Kudzu was originally brought over from Asia as an ornamental.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kudzu was originally brought over from Asia as an ornamental.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s even made it to northeast Ohio, where people didn’t expect it would survive the harsh winters. I went to check out one rogue patch in the Collinwood neighborhood of Cleveland, near Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this rundown urban lot, the vine has worked its way up the power line and along the fencing and onto the nearby business and over the trees clear to people’s homes. Kudzu’s all over here -- just a sea of green in this gravel parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quite an eyeful. Amy Stone, with the Ohio State University Extension invasive species team, said this spot and others like it worry her because kudzu’s an aggressive, invasive, non-native species that’s caused a lot of grief down South. “It’s also known as the ‘vine that swallowed the South,’ or the ‘vine that ate the South.’ And so just imagine this kind of on steroids everywhere,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64038\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Kudzu-in-Chesapeake-OH-Credit-Eric-Boyda.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64038\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Kudzu-in-Chesapeake-OH-Credit-Eric-Boyda-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"In southern Ohio, kudzu stands take over whole hillsides, like this one in Chesapeake, OH. Credit: Eric Boyda, \" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Southern Ohio, kudzu stands take over whole hillsides, like this one in Chesapeake, OH. Credit: Eric Boyda,\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers aren’t entirely sure why the vine is extending its northern reach, but many attribute it to\u003ca href=\"http://unfccc.int/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/climate_change_information_kit/items/288.php\"> warmer winters from climate change.\u003c/a> “We thought maybe it wouldn’t be hardy here,” said Stone. But due to changing weather conditions and a longer growing season, she said we may be able to see flowering and seeding of the vine, which would spread it even faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/pumo1.htm\">Kudzu\u003c/a> can grow a foot a day -- up to 60 feet a season. It throws down roots everywhere it can, working its way into cracks and crevices on buildings, even collapsing whole barns and buckling power lines. Ohio recently joined \u003ca href=\"http://appalachianohioweeds.org/?s=kudzu\">14 other states\u003c/a> in adding kudzu to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://codes.ohio.gov/oac/901%3A5-37\">noxious weed list\u003c/a>. Stone said all the Southern states have it and it’s working its way up north. “I think there’s even been some established sites in Maine, up the East Coast and all the way through the Midwest,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funny thing is, farmers were told to plant kudzu back in the ’30s to control erosion. We learned quickly this was bad advice, said Stone. “What we found out is there’s just no stopping kudzu,” she said. It’s got a pretty purple flower and was originally brought over from Asia as an ornamental. People still see it and coo, take a cutting, and unknowingly unleash the beast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the kudzu patch in the Cleveland parking lot, Stone and I wade into the kudzu to check out the vine’s progression. Below the sea of green, bits of purple pop up -- the flower. And pollinators have been busy -- we find furry seed pods all over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64042\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2819.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64042\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2819-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Once the kudzu flower is pollinated, it develops seedpods which further enable its spread.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once the kudzu flower is pollinated, it develops seed pods which further enable its spread.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is not good. Now the vine can be spread not only by ground but by wind or animal. “Wherever it drops off would be another start of kudzu,” said Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with kudzu comes problems. It drives out native plants, swallows trees whole and kills them, causes structural damage, and is bad for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kudzu brings kudzu bugs, which also like to eat soybeans, and the vine plays host to the crop disease \u003ca href=\"http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/Basidiomycetes/Pages/SoybeanRust.aspx\">soybean rust\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we were milling around, a neighbor came over, introduced himself as George Nelson, and asked me a good question, “Well, are you gonna have them clean it up?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once kudzu’s got a foothold in a place, it takes a whole lot of money and perseverance to clean it up. Stone said herbicides are the most effective way to take down the vine. Goats have also been tried as a means of control. “If you don’t get every little piece of it, it will be back,” said Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64037\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 304px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/USDA-kudzu-map.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/USDA-kudzu-map-304x253.png\" alt=\"Many states now host the invasive kudzu vine. Credit: USDA's PLANTS database\" width=\"304\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many states now host the invasive kudzu vine. Credit: USDA's PLANTS database\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But to the man’s point, who is going to clean this up?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out someone offered, way back when kudzu was first discovered here in early 2000. “Through our conservation outreach program, I would have done it and I still would,” said Jim Bissell, a botanist with the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. He estimates it’d take nearly $10,000 to clean this up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problem is, Bissell couldn’t find a taker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Property owners didn’t want to get their hands dirty, so he let it drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I gave him a site update, though, and told him about the seed pods, it got his attention. “They didn’t have seed pods when I looked at it, so that could be a change already,” he said, “so that’s kind of frightening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make a long story short, Bissell is now reviving efforts to get this spot cleaned up, but the road ahead is all the more weedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>QUEST Ohio’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/jeanomalley/\" target=\"_blank\">Jean O’Malley\u003c/a> contributed to the reporting of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The invasive vine known as kudzu has twined itself into Southern culture, but it’s a big environmental headache, causing crop and property damage and loss of biodiversity. And now the vine’s coming north. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442954751,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1033},"headData":{"title":"'The Vine That Ate the South' Heads North | KQED","description":"The invasive vine known as kudzu has twined itself into Southern culture, but it’s a big environmental headache, causing crop and property damage and loss of biodiversity. And now the vine’s coming north. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"60182 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=60182","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/11/29/the-vine-that-ate-the-south-heads-north/","disqusTitle":"'The Vine That Ate the South' Heads North","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/60182/the-vine-that-ate-the-south-heads-north","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/kudzu/Stream/kudzu+11.19+with+intro+and+funder+mp3.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/kudzu/Stream/kudzu+11.19+with+intro+and+funder+mp3.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-64034\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1.jpg\" alt=\"Kudzu is an invasive vine that's prevalent in the South, but now many Northern states have it as well. This is a patch in the Collinwood neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Pic1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kudzu is an invasive vine that's prevalent in the South, but now many Northern states have it as well. This is a patch in the Collinwood neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Say the word “kudzu” to anyone from the South and they’ll probably know what you’re talking about. That’s because in states like Georgia and Alabama the invasive vine known as kudzu covers roadsides, chokes forests, brings down power lines, and blankets entire buildings. It’s made its way into country songs, becoming a metaphor for clingy love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kudzu’s twined itself into Southern culture, but it’s a big environmental headache, causing crop and property damage and loss of biodiversity. And now the vine’s coming north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64040\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2781.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64040\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2781-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Kudzu was originally brought over from Asia as an ornamental.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kudzu was originally brought over from Asia as an ornamental.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s even made it to northeast Ohio, where people didn’t expect it would survive the harsh winters. I went to check out one rogue patch in the Collinwood neighborhood of Cleveland, near Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this rundown urban lot, the vine has worked its way up the power line and along the fencing and onto the nearby business and over the trees clear to people’s homes. Kudzu’s all over here -- just a sea of green in this gravel parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quite an eyeful. Amy Stone, with the Ohio State University Extension invasive species team, said this spot and others like it worry her because kudzu’s an aggressive, invasive, non-native species that’s caused a lot of grief down South. “It’s also known as the ‘vine that swallowed the South,’ or the ‘vine that ate the South.’ And so just imagine this kind of on steroids everywhere,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64038\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Kudzu-in-Chesapeake-OH-Credit-Eric-Boyda.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64038\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Kudzu-in-Chesapeake-OH-Credit-Eric-Boyda-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"In southern Ohio, kudzu stands take over whole hillsides, like this one in Chesapeake, OH. Credit: Eric Boyda, \" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Southern Ohio, kudzu stands take over whole hillsides, like this one in Chesapeake, OH. Credit: Eric Boyda,\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers aren’t entirely sure why the vine is extending its northern reach, but many attribute it to\u003ca href=\"http://unfccc.int/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/climate_change_information_kit/items/288.php\"> warmer winters from climate change.\u003c/a> “We thought maybe it wouldn’t be hardy here,” said Stone. But due to changing weather conditions and a longer growing season, she said we may be able to see flowering and seeding of the vine, which would spread it even faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/pumo1.htm\">Kudzu\u003c/a> can grow a foot a day -- up to 60 feet a season. It throws down roots everywhere it can, working its way into cracks and crevices on buildings, even collapsing whole barns and buckling power lines. Ohio recently joined \u003ca href=\"http://appalachianohioweeds.org/?s=kudzu\">14 other states\u003c/a> in adding kudzu to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://codes.ohio.gov/oac/901%3A5-37\">noxious weed list\u003c/a>. Stone said all the Southern states have it and it’s working its way up north. “I think there’s even been some established sites in Maine, up the East Coast and all the way through the Midwest,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funny thing is, farmers were told to plant kudzu back in the ’30s to control erosion. We learned quickly this was bad advice, said Stone. “What we found out is there’s just no stopping kudzu,” she said. It’s got a pretty purple flower and was originally brought over from Asia as an ornamental. People still see it and coo, take a cutting, and unknowingly unleash the beast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the kudzu patch in the Cleveland parking lot, Stone and I wade into the kudzu to check out the vine’s progression. Below the sea of green, bits of purple pop up -- the flower. And pollinators have been busy -- we find furry seed pods all over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64042\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2819.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64042\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/IMG_2819-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Once the kudzu flower is pollinated, it develops seedpods which further enable its spread.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once the kudzu flower is pollinated, it develops seed pods which further enable its spread.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is not good. Now the vine can be spread not only by ground but by wind or animal. “Wherever it drops off would be another start of kudzu,” said Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with kudzu comes problems. It drives out native plants, swallows trees whole and kills them, causes structural damage, and is bad for farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kudzu brings kudzu bugs, which also like to eat soybeans, and the vine plays host to the crop disease \u003ca href=\"http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/Basidiomycetes/Pages/SoybeanRust.aspx\">soybean rust\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we were milling around, a neighbor came over, introduced himself as George Nelson, and asked me a good question, “Well, are you gonna have them clean it up?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once kudzu’s got a foothold in a place, it takes a whole lot of money and perseverance to clean it up. Stone said herbicides are the most effective way to take down the vine. Goats have also been tried as a means of control. “If you don’t get every little piece of it, it will be back,” said Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64037\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 304px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/USDA-kudzu-map.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/USDA-kudzu-map-304x253.png\" alt=\"Many states now host the invasive kudzu vine. Credit: USDA's PLANTS database\" width=\"304\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many states now host the invasive kudzu vine. Credit: USDA's PLANTS database\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But to the man’s point, who is going to clean this up?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out someone offered, way back when kudzu was first discovered here in early 2000. “Through our conservation outreach program, I would have done it and I still would,” said Jim Bissell, a botanist with the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. He estimates it’d take nearly $10,000 to clean this up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problem is, Bissell couldn’t find a taker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Property owners didn’t want to get their hands dirty, so he let it drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I gave him a site update, though, and told him about the seed pods, it got his attention. “They didn’t have seed pods when I looked at it, so that could be a change already,” he said, “so that’s kind of frightening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make a long story short, Bissell is now reviving efforts to get this spot cleaned up, but the road ahead is all the more weedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>QUEST Ohio’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/jeanomalley/\" target=\"_blank\">Jean O’Malley\u003c/a> contributed to the reporting of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/60182/the-vine-that-ate-the-south-heads-north","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_12021","quest_12269","quest_10327","quest_1489","quest_12445","quest_12098","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_10429","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_64034","label":"source_quest_60182"},"quest_58900":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_58900","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"58900","score":null,"sort":[1385046021000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats","title":"Protecting Summer Hang-Outs For Bats","publishDate":1385046021,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Most people think of bats only as cave-dwelling night creatures that sometimes mistake your attic for a hideout. But bats don’t spend all their time in winter hibernation or asleep in dark, dusty corners. In fact, where they spend their waking hours matters a great deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> are trying to help protect the bat’s vital role in the ecosystem by answering the question: where do bats like to spend the summer?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August I joined lead researcher and \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/geographic-information-system-gis/?ar_a=1\">GIS \u003c/a>expert August Froehlich at dusk near a soybean field in Norwalk, Ohio. We were there to check out some bats in their summer digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63584\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/FWS-roost-tree.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/FWS-roost-tree-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shagbark hickory used as a roost by an Indiana bat maternity colony in Indiana. Credit: Joey Weber, Indiana State University.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This shagbark hickory is the roost site for a colony of Indiana bats. Credit: Joey Weber, Indiana State University\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since bat calls aren’t audible to the human ear, Froehlich’s team uses a \u003ca href=\"http://teachertech.rice.edu/Participants/cllamas/lessons/science/bats/batsounds.htm\">bat detector\u003c/a> that translates the calls into audible chirps. He was looking for the bat “hotspots.” Where were the bats hanging out? This is important to know because bat mothers raise their pups during the summer, and protecting these spots is crucial to the survival of the species. And bats aren’t doing so well. Hit hard by \u003ca href=\"http://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/Main/Notes-From-The-Field-Blog/45.aspx#.UnJ2IBD3PKd\">white-nose syndrome\u003c/a>, bat populations are in decline in Ohio and across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Froehlich’s team has created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Planning/SPR/Research/RFP/Documents/Clarifications2014-04/04_IndianaBat_TNC_WhitePaper.pdf\">bat map\u003c/a> to predict summer habitat, especially that of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Endangered/mammals/inba/pdf/inbafctsht.pdf\">endangered Indiana bat. \u003c/a> “All large development projects, road projects, anything that requires a permit, basically, has to check to make sure if they’re going to impact Indiana bat habitat,” said Froehlich. Thus, developers end up spending inordinate amounts of time and money trying to make sure that they’re not hurting the Indiana bat. “This project is an attempt to try to get ahead of that,” he said, so that they can better understand the habitat needs of the endangered bat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the map’s accuracy, Froehlich spent his summer on late-night car trips, like the one he invited me to join. Hazards on and driving slowly, we waited to hear the chirps. As we drove back and forth along the Huron River, it took some time for the bat detector to light up. When we approached a bridge over a forested river crossing, Froehlich stopped and put a finger to his lips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we paused on the bridge, the hiss of the wind against the detector’s microphone slowly gave way to a chorus of faint chirps. Bats were out and breakfasting. Back in the lab, Froehlich will be able to analyze the digital sound recordings to discern the species of bats we heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the bat map is to identify areas like this. It factors in proximity to agricultural land, woods, development, and more. This information can then be used as a guide for prioritizing which spots to protect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63580\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-019.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63580\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-019-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Krynak, a naturalist at the Cleveland Metroparks, holds Baby, a rescued brown bat.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Krynak, a naturalist at the Cleveland Metroparks, holds Baby, a rescued brown bat.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After hearing bats from a distance I wanted to see some up close, so I met with naturalist Tim Krynak and Baby, his rescue bat who now educates visitors to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/Main/Home.aspx\">Cleveland Metroparks. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me, Baby looked like a flying mouse with really distinct feet, but Krynak hates to hear him (or any other bat, for that matter) described like that. Kryank has a real soft spot for his favorite creature, and it saddens him to see the widespread decline of their populations, especially since bats provide a lot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.caves.org/WNS/WNS%20Kunz%20April%205%20%202011.pdf\">ecosystem services \u003c/a>that benefit humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats are the prime controller of night-flying insects, he said, eating nearly their whole body weight in bugs every night. “A lot of those night-flying insects humans consider ‘pests,’ so by helping the bat population, we're helping control these night-flying insects, which then relates to our plants at home as well as our agricultural community,” said Krynak. He cited a recent study from Texas-based Bat Conservation International that found a colony of big brown bats controlled pests on a 100-acre farm as effectively as pesticides. “It's better for the environment, cheaper for the farmers just by encouraging bats in their area,” said Krynak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats also help regenerate forests, disperse seeds, pollinate flowers, and keep the entire ecosystem in good health. Their guano makes good fertilizer, and they have even been a help to medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63795\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-028.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63795\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-028-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"A bat skeleton is on display at the Cleveland Metroparks.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bat skeleton is on display at the Cleveland Metroparks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Karen Hallberg is a wildlife biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Columbus, Ohio. The Nature Conservancy’s bat map research lands on her desk. It’s her job to work with developers to minimize impacts to the endangered Indiana bat. They’ll take this research into consideration when making land-use decisions. “It’s going to be one of the many tools we use to evaluate these project impacts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also work like a swing vote. “We will look at this model in a special situation where it’s difficult to make a decision whether impacts are likely or not,” said Hallberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that protecting bat habitat has a ripple effect. It doesn’t just benefit the bats but also improves stream quality, nutrient cycling, and other important natural functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental science disputes the bats’ bad public wrap: far from being creepy “flying mice,” they are in fact a vital part of a healthy ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Want to relocate a colony from your attic, or encourage bats in your neighborhood? Learn how to build your own \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Endangered/mammals/inba/pdf/BatBoxPlanForIN.pdf\">backyard bat box.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Bats help humans in a variety of ways, but their populations are declining across the country. Now researchers have created a “bat map” to help save them. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450494560,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":964},"headData":{"title":"Protecting Summer Hang-Outs For Bats | KQED","description":"Bats help humans in a variety of ways, but their populations are declining across the country. Now researchers have created a “bat map” to help save them. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"58900 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=58900","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/11/21/protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats/","disqusTitle":"Protecting Summer Hang-Outs For Bats","source":"Biology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Bat+Map/Stream/bat+map+stream+mp3+with+funders.mp3","path":"/quest/58900/protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Most people think of bats only as cave-dwelling night creatures that sometimes mistake your attic for a hideout. But bats don’t spend all their time in winter hibernation or asleep in dark, dusty corners. In fact, where they spend their waking hours matters a great deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> are trying to help protect the bat’s vital role in the ecosystem by answering the question: where do bats like to spend the summer?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August I joined lead researcher and \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/geographic-information-system-gis/?ar_a=1\">GIS \u003c/a>expert August Froehlich at dusk near a soybean field in Norwalk, Ohio. We were there to check out some bats in their summer digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63584\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/FWS-roost-tree.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/FWS-roost-tree-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shagbark hickory used as a roost by an Indiana bat maternity colony in Indiana. Credit: Joey Weber, Indiana State University.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This shagbark hickory is the roost site for a colony of Indiana bats. Credit: Joey Weber, Indiana State University\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since bat calls aren’t audible to the human ear, Froehlich’s team uses a \u003ca href=\"http://teachertech.rice.edu/Participants/cllamas/lessons/science/bats/batsounds.htm\">bat detector\u003c/a> that translates the calls into audible chirps. He was looking for the bat “hotspots.” Where were the bats hanging out? This is important to know because bat mothers raise their pups during the summer, and protecting these spots is crucial to the survival of the species. And bats aren’t doing so well. Hit hard by \u003ca href=\"http://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/Main/Notes-From-The-Field-Blog/45.aspx#.UnJ2IBD3PKd\">white-nose syndrome\u003c/a>, bat populations are in decline in Ohio and across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Froehlich’s team has created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Planning/SPR/Research/RFP/Documents/Clarifications2014-04/04_IndianaBat_TNC_WhitePaper.pdf\">bat map\u003c/a> to predict summer habitat, especially that of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Endangered/mammals/inba/pdf/inbafctsht.pdf\">endangered Indiana bat. \u003c/a> “All large development projects, road projects, anything that requires a permit, basically, has to check to make sure if they’re going to impact Indiana bat habitat,” said Froehlich. Thus, developers end up spending inordinate amounts of time and money trying to make sure that they’re not hurting the Indiana bat. “This project is an attempt to try to get ahead of that,” he said, so that they can better understand the habitat needs of the endangered bat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the map’s accuracy, Froehlich spent his summer on late-night car trips, like the one he invited me to join. Hazards on and driving slowly, we waited to hear the chirps. As we drove back and forth along the Huron River, it took some time for the bat detector to light up. When we approached a bridge over a forested river crossing, Froehlich stopped and put a finger to his lips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we paused on the bridge, the hiss of the wind against the detector’s microphone slowly gave way to a chorus of faint chirps. Bats were out and breakfasting. Back in the lab, Froehlich will be able to analyze the digital sound recordings to discern the species of bats we heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the bat map is to identify areas like this. It factors in proximity to agricultural land, woods, development, and more. This information can then be used as a guide for prioritizing which spots to protect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63580\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-019.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63580\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-019-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Krynak, a naturalist at the Cleveland Metroparks, holds Baby, a rescued brown bat.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Krynak, a naturalist at the Cleveland Metroparks, holds Baby, a rescued brown bat.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After hearing bats from a distance I wanted to see some up close, so I met with naturalist Tim Krynak and Baby, his rescue bat who now educates visitors to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/Main/Home.aspx\">Cleveland Metroparks. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me, Baby looked like a flying mouse with really distinct feet, but Krynak hates to hear him (or any other bat, for that matter) described like that. Kryank has a real soft spot for his favorite creature, and it saddens him to see the widespread decline of their populations, especially since bats provide a lot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.caves.org/WNS/WNS%20Kunz%20April%205%20%202011.pdf\">ecosystem services \u003c/a>that benefit humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats are the prime controller of night-flying insects, he said, eating nearly their whole body weight in bugs every night. “A lot of those night-flying insects humans consider ‘pests,’ so by helping the bat population, we're helping control these night-flying insects, which then relates to our plants at home as well as our agricultural community,” said Krynak. He cited a recent study from Texas-based Bat Conservation International that found a colony of big brown bats controlled pests on a 100-acre farm as effectively as pesticides. “It's better for the environment, cheaper for the farmers just by encouraging bats in their area,” said Krynak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats also help regenerate forests, disperse seeds, pollinate flowers, and keep the entire ecosystem in good health. Their guano makes good fertilizer, and they have even been a help to medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63795\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-028.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63795\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-028-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"A bat skeleton is on display at the Cleveland Metroparks.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bat skeleton is on display at the Cleveland Metroparks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Karen Hallberg is a wildlife biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Columbus, Ohio. The Nature Conservancy’s bat map research lands on her desk. It’s her job to work with developers to minimize impacts to the endangered Indiana bat. They’ll take this research into consideration when making land-use decisions. “It’s going to be one of the many tools we use to evaluate these project impacts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also work like a swing vote. “We will look at this model in a special situation where it’s difficult to make a decision whether impacts are likely or not,” said Hallberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that protecting bat habitat has a ripple effect. It doesn’t just benefit the bats but also improves stream quality, nutrient cycling, and other important natural functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental science disputes the bats’ bad public wrap: far from being creepy “flying mice,” they are in fact a vital part of a healthy ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Want to relocate a colony from your attic, or encourage bats in your neighborhood? Learn how to build your own \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Endangered/mammals/inba/pdf/BatBoxPlanForIN.pdf\">backyard bat box.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/58900/protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_280","quest_326","quest_12269","quest_10327","quest_12426","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_10429","quest_12425","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_63788","label":"source_quest_58900"},"quest_57569":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_57569","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"57569","score":null,"sort":[1382709649000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"give-me-some-mow-sheep","title":"Forget the Lawnmower, Hire Sheep","publishDate":1382709649,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Cities that have seen their populations dwindle over the years, like Detroit and Cleveland, find themselves faced with a problem: hundreds of vacant lots that require upkeep. Without maintenance, the land becomes overgrown. The lots turn into eyesores and bring down adjacent property values. But landscaping isn’t cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now one community is testing a new way to keep their vacant lots tidy: sheep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit group \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbanshepherds.com/\">Urban Shepherds\u003c/a> runs an urban grazing program on a four-acre lot in Cleveland’s St. Clair neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62515\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 268px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Evan-llama-photo-e1381957896822.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62515\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Evan-llama-photo-e1381957896822-268x360.jpg\" alt='A \"guardian llama\" protects the flock from urban predators. Credit: Evan Zuzik ' width=\"268\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A \"guardian llama\" protects the flock from urban predators. Credit: Evan Zuzik\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I went by to check it out on a hot day when the sheep weren’t really feeling like talking -- a problem when you’re trying to produce a radio story. Trying to get close enough to hear a solid “baa” got me in trouble with their “guardian llama.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep, there’s a llama in downtown Cleveland. He protects the sheep from urban predators like unruly dogs and people. Together, sheep and llama roam the fenced lot and keep the grass in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lot sits amid an upscale apartment building, Lake Erie, and a major highway. The sheep spend their days chewing grass, clover, and weeds. They munch in the morning, munch in the evening, munch in the shade, and munch by the lake. It’s a pretty nice gig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not a bad deal for the property manager, either, at least according to Michael Fleming, who spearheaded the effort to bring the sheep here. Fleming heads the St. Clair Superior Development Corporation and is a board member of Urban Shepherds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JS6unyUP8z4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He got the idea for “sheep lawnmowers” when he heard about it being done in Brazilian parks. He wanted to give it a shot in an urban area like Cleveland. The city, like others in the Rust Belt, has seen its population shrink and the number of overgrown vacant lots increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups like Urban Shepherds see sheep as the perfect caretakers for blighted areas. “We would like to form a sort of model that can be replicated in other cities. There’s no reason why this couldn’t be expanded far, far beyond Cleveland,” said Fleming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This pilot project is meant to test the cost and feasibility of the program. While they can’t give a sheep versus lawnmower price comparison just yet, Urban Shepherds is confident the sheep will do the work for far less than traditional lawn care. “Our goal is to cut it by 50 percent,” says Development Coordinator Brendan Trewella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Mow-Sheep-002.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Mow-Sheep-002-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"The Urban Shepherds run a sheep-grazing program on this vacant Cleveland lot, and hope to deploy this model in other urban areas.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Urban Shepherds run a sheep-grazing program on this vacant Cleveland lot, and hope to deploy this model in other urban areas.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The flock doesn’t require much care besides daily water and a mineral block. They winter at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thespicylamb.com/\">Spicy Lamb Farm\u003c/a> in Peninsula, Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, Fleming knows this lot won’t be vacant forever -- a condo is in the works -- but the sheep are like a tide-me-over that’s good for neighborhood morale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, take “volunteer shepherd” Evan Zuzik, a resident of the nearby apartment building who checks on the sheep every day. He says the sheep are a tourist draw, as well as conversation starter. “People are generally like, wait -- there are sheep in downtown Cleveland?” said Zuzik. Apartment dwellers are eager to swap rooms for a “sheep view.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they’re more than a pretty face. The sheep offer environmental benefits, too. Ditching the gas-powered mower reduces carbon dioxide emissions and smog. The need for herbicides may be reduced as well, and some say sheep help repopulate native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Instead of having a lawnmower that produces all this carbon pollution and grass clippings, we have a bunch of sheep that could go to market.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the year,” said Trewella, “instead of having a lawnmower that produces all this carbon pollution and grass clippings that will ultimately go into a landfill, we have a bunch of sheep that could go to market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Clevenger, a sheep specialist at Ohio State University Extension, thinks the group is on to something. “Sheep are a way to utilize some of the grounds that we have that aren’t fit for other things,” he said. “They’re just a docile species that does an amazing job at taking a given amount of acres and turning it into more lamb and more wool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of sheep and other \u003ca href=\"http://www.movoto.com/blog/novelty-real-estate/reduce-animal-unemployment-hire-a-goat/\">animal mowers\u003c/a> (like goats) seems to be a growing trend. Flocks roam the grounds near O’Hare Airport in \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbez.org/news/herd-goats-llamas-sheep-and-burros-are-grazing-around-o%E2%80%99hare-grounds-108408\">Chicago\u003c/a>, in troubled neighborhoods of \u003ca href=\"http://www.crowdrise.com/greenshepherdproject\">Indianapolis\u003c/a>, and in vineyards out West. Even abroad, there are grazers on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2013/05/27/186735905/let-them-eat-grass-paris-employs-sheep-as-eco-mowers\">Parisian lawn\u003c/a>s, for instance, and in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/content/leisure-and-libraries/parks-and-green-spaces/sheep-grazing\">British city\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ohio, “the largest sheep producing state east of the Mississippi,” there are plenty of animals to potentially chew on the state’s vacant urban lots, and shepherds ready to put them to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Mow-Sheep-016-e1381958991951.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62540\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Mow-Sheep-016-e1381958991951.jpg\" alt=\"The sheep roam the edges of Lake Erie.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Mow-Sheep-016-e1381958991951.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Mow-Sheep-016-e1381958991951-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The sheep roam the edges of Lake Erie.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"At a vacant lot in Cleveland, sheep are employed as urban “eco-mowers” -- part of a growing number of global initiatives to replace mowing with munching.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450491273,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":884},"headData":{"title":"Forget the Lawnmower, Hire Sheep | KQED","description":"At a vacant lot in Cleveland, sheep are employed as urban “eco-mowers” -- part of a growing number of global initiatives to replace mowing with munching.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"57569 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=57569","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/25/give-me-some-mow-sheep/","disqusTitle":"Forget the Lawnmower, Hire Sheep","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Mow+Sheep/Stream/sheepforwebwithfunder.mp3","path":"/quest/57569/give-me-some-mow-sheep","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Cities that have seen their populations dwindle over the years, like Detroit and Cleveland, find themselves faced with a problem: hundreds of vacant lots that require upkeep. Without maintenance, the land becomes overgrown. The lots turn into eyesores and bring down adjacent property values. But landscaping isn’t cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now one community is testing a new way to keep their vacant lots tidy: sheep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit group \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbanshepherds.com/\">Urban Shepherds\u003c/a> runs an urban grazing program on a four-acre lot in Cleveland’s St. Clair neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62515\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 268px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Evan-llama-photo-e1381957896822.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62515\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Evan-llama-photo-e1381957896822-268x360.jpg\" alt='A \"guardian llama\" protects the flock from urban predators. Credit: Evan Zuzik ' width=\"268\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A \"guardian llama\" protects the flock from urban predators. Credit: Evan Zuzik\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I went by to check it out on a hot day when the sheep weren’t really feeling like talking -- a problem when you’re trying to produce a radio story. Trying to get close enough to hear a solid “baa” got me in trouble with their “guardian llama.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep, there’s a llama in downtown Cleveland. He protects the sheep from urban predators like unruly dogs and people. Together, sheep and llama roam the fenced lot and keep the grass in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lot sits amid an upscale apartment building, Lake Erie, and a major highway. The sheep spend their days chewing grass, clover, and weeds. They munch in the morning, munch in the evening, munch in the shade, and munch by the lake. It’s a pretty nice gig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not a bad deal for the property manager, either, at least according to Michael Fleming, who spearheaded the effort to bring the sheep here. Fleming heads the St. Clair Superior Development Corporation and is a board member of Urban Shepherds.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/JS6unyUP8z4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/JS6unyUP8z4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>He got the idea for “sheep lawnmowers” when he heard about it being done in Brazilian parks. He wanted to give it a shot in an urban area like Cleveland. The city, like others in the Rust Belt, has seen its population shrink and the number of overgrown vacant lots increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups like Urban Shepherds see sheep as the perfect caretakers for blighted areas. “We would like to form a sort of model that can be replicated in other cities. There’s no reason why this couldn’t be expanded far, far beyond Cleveland,” said Fleming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This pilot project is meant to test the cost and feasibility of the program. While they can’t give a sheep versus lawnmower price comparison just yet, Urban Shepherds is confident the sheep will do the work for far less than traditional lawn care. “Our goal is to cut it by 50 percent,” says Development Coordinator Brendan Trewella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Mow-Sheep-002.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Mow-Sheep-002-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"The Urban Shepherds run a sheep-grazing program on this vacant Cleveland lot, and hope to deploy this model in other urban areas.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Urban Shepherds run a sheep-grazing program on this vacant Cleveland lot, and hope to deploy this model in other urban areas.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The flock doesn’t require much care besides daily water and a mineral block. They winter at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thespicylamb.com/\">Spicy Lamb Farm\u003c/a> in Peninsula, Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, Fleming knows this lot won’t be vacant forever -- a condo is in the works -- but the sheep are like a tide-me-over that’s good for neighborhood morale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, take “volunteer shepherd” Evan Zuzik, a resident of the nearby apartment building who checks on the sheep every day. He says the sheep are a tourist draw, as well as conversation starter. “People are generally like, wait -- there are sheep in downtown Cleveland?” said Zuzik. Apartment dwellers are eager to swap rooms for a “sheep view.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they’re more than a pretty face. The sheep offer environmental benefits, too. Ditching the gas-powered mower reduces carbon dioxide emissions and smog. The need for herbicides may be reduced as well, and some say sheep help repopulate native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Instead of having a lawnmower that produces all this carbon pollution and grass clippings, we have a bunch of sheep that could go to market.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the year,” said Trewella, “instead of having a lawnmower that produces all this carbon pollution and grass clippings that will ultimately go into a landfill, we have a bunch of sheep that could go to market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Clevenger, a sheep specialist at Ohio State University Extension, thinks the group is on to something. “Sheep are a way to utilize some of the grounds that we have that aren’t fit for other things,” he said. “They’re just a docile species that does an amazing job at taking a given amount of acres and turning it into more lamb and more wool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of sheep and other \u003ca href=\"http://www.movoto.com/blog/novelty-real-estate/reduce-animal-unemployment-hire-a-goat/\">animal mowers\u003c/a> (like goats) seems to be a growing trend. Flocks roam the grounds near O’Hare Airport in \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbez.org/news/herd-goats-llamas-sheep-and-burros-are-grazing-around-o%E2%80%99hare-grounds-108408\">Chicago\u003c/a>, in troubled neighborhoods of \u003ca href=\"http://www.crowdrise.com/greenshepherdproject\">Indianapolis\u003c/a>, and in vineyards out West. Even abroad, there are grazers on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2013/05/27/186735905/let-them-eat-grass-paris-employs-sheep-as-eco-mowers\">Parisian lawn\u003c/a>s, for instance, and in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/content/leisure-and-libraries/parks-and-green-spaces/sheep-grazing\">British city\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ohio, “the largest sheep producing state east of the Mississippi,” there are plenty of animals to potentially chew on the state’s vacant urban lots, and shepherds ready to put them to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Mow-Sheep-016-e1381958991951.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62540\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Mow-Sheep-016-e1381958991951.jpg\" alt=\"The sheep roam the edges of Lake Erie.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Mow-Sheep-016-e1381958991951.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Mow-Sheep-016-e1381958991951-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The sheep roam the edges of Lake Erie.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/57569/give-me-some-mow-sheep","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_12021","quest_12352","quest_12269","quest_10327","quest_12351","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_10429","quest_12350","quest_12353","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_62521","label":"source_quest_57569"},"quest_59763":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_59763","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"59763","score":null,"sort":[1380639602000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"recycling-dirt-a-new-niche-in-the-fracking-industry","title":"Recycling Dirt: A New Niche in the Fracking Industry","publishDate":1380639602,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.what-is-fracking.com/\">Fracking\u003c/a> for natural gas has been vilified for the millions of gallons of wastewater the process generates. But drilling gas wells thousands of feet into the ground also produces another huge stream of waste --tons of rock shavings and dirt tainted with oily chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a better picture of this, imagine using an electric drill to bore a hole into a thick block of wood. All of the wood shavings that fly out are called “cuttings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same thing happens when energy companies drill for oil or natural gas thousands of feet underground -- layers of dirt and rock cuttings are removed from the hole. These rock shavings are coated with an oily residue that rubs off the drill bit. It contains traces of metals and radiation that naturally exist deep in the earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61204\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Chris-Elliott-in-land-sea-box-where-he-grows-microbes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61204\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Chris-Elliott-in-land-sea-box-where-he-grows-microbes-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Chris Elliott, President of Ohio Soil Recycling, uncovers the tank where he grows millions of tiny microbes that will clean out contaminated soil and drill cuttings (photo by Michelle Kanu).\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chris Elliott, President of Ohio Soil Recycling, uncovers the tank where he grows millions of tiny microbes that will clean out contaminated soil and drill cuttings (photo by Michelle Kanu).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ohio requires that these dirty cuttings be disposed of in \u003ca href=\"http://oilandgas.ohiodnr.gov/portals/oilgas/pdf/Fact%20Sheet%20on%20Drilling%20Muds.pdf\">landfills\u003c/a>, but now one company in the Buckeye State has stepped forward with the idea to recycle the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's where Chris Elliott, president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.soilrecycling.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Ohio Soil Recycling\u003c/a>, comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the company's headquarters, a trailer in the middle of an abandoned landfill in Columbus, I hop in Elliott’s pickup and he drives us down a winding dirt path to where a backhoe is scooping up massive piles of dirt and unloading it into a dump truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today our crew is actually moving remediated soil off of the treatment pad over here,” Elliott says. “They're taking it from the treatment pad and over to the final resting area, and placing it on the old landfill and compacting it now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer Ohio Soil Recycling became the first private company to get a \u003ca href=\"http://epa.ohio.gov/portals/34/document/issued_actions/OSR%20IAWMP%20Drill%20Cuttings%202013.pdf\">permit\u003c/a> from the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency to accept drill cuttings from the oil and gas industry. Elliott says drilling giant Chesapeake initially approached him with the idea a couple of years ago. He figured recycling rock cuttings would be a natural extension of his company's core business. Since 2000, the company has been using a process called \u003ca href=\"http://blog.soilutions.co.uk/2011/03/04/what-is-bioremediation/\" target=\"_blank\">bioremediation\u003c/a> to clean up dirt that has been contaminated by oil or industrial spills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elliott explains the process first involves running the soil through a machine. “It kind of breaks the soil up, spreads it across a four-foot-wide belt in a very thin layer, and then we have a spray bar that sprays the microbes onto it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61207\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/OSR-treatment-pad.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61207\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/OSR-treatment-pad-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"These piles of dirt are undergoing the bioremediation treatment process (photo by Michelle Kanu).\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These piles of dirt are undergoing the bioremediation treatment process (photo by Michelle Kanu).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The microbes go to work, feasting on the oil, heavy metals, and chemical contaminants in the dirt. After the tiny organisms have consumed the food source and start to die off, Elliott says he tests the dirt to make sure it meets the EPA’s standards for residential use. The clean material is then deposited on a different part of the company property as ground cover for the old landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elliott says that by the time the dirt comes off their treatment pad, “We’re extremely confident with the lab results that we get off of it that we got it completely clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some environmental groups aren’t convinced that Ohio Soil Recycling can clean out all the contaminants in the rock cuttings from natural gas drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"We do have a serious concern. Do they have the technology in place to treat for radioactivity, for heavy metals, and for these harsh chemicals?”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We do have a serious concern,” says Melanie Houston, director of water policy for the Ohio Environmental Council. “Do they have the technology in place to treat for radioactivity, for heavy metals, and for these harsh chemicals?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston says the EPA’s standards are too lax, and state law doesn't require Ohio Soil Recycling to test the cuttings thoroughly for radiation. Her group has been lobbying the state to enact stricter policies for testing drilling waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way that the law is stated, these materials are considered non-hazardous,” she says, “so it sort of set things up in a way that companies have an exemption and can treat this material in a way that they would treat non-hazardous material.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some scientists say the amount of radiation in those rock cuttings is unlikely to pose a threat to human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Jeffrey Dick, a geologist at Youngstown State University, the amount of radiation in the cuttings is really low. “It’s not concentrated enough to be a threat. But you have to remember that these radionuclides are trapped within the rock, and they're not being given access to pathways to our drinking water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“For the oil and gas industry, I think we really provide a great alternative that gives them a green solution they can tout that they're doing the green thing with their waste instead of just putting it into a landfill.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Back at Ohio Soil Recycling, Elliott points toward a patch of land just below the freeway and shows me where the recycled drill cuttings will go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lowest area out there is where we would be placing them, knowing that then they would have soil put on top of them so that it could be vegetated and finished.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recycling drill cuttings is still uncharted ground. Only a few companies in Texas have experimented with the process, and so far Elliott's company has only done a test run of cleaning cuttings from Chesapeake. Now that he has the EPA's blessing, Elliott hopes drilling waste will bring a steady stream of revenue in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With landfilling being the only option for cuttings previously, you know you were sending the waste to a landfill, the waste wasn't being cleaned,” he says. “For the oil and gas industry, I think we really provide a great alternative that gives them a green solution they can tout that they're doing the green thing with their waste instead of just putting it into a landfill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elliott is already looking to expand. He’s planning to partner with another company that has more capital and name the new business Shale Recycling. He says he and his new partner are already scouting out areas in eastern Ohio where they plan to open future recycling sites.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As an alternative to the landfill, some companies now recycle contaminated rock shavings left over from drilling for natural gas.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450492686,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1105},"headData":{"title":"Recycling Dirt: A New Niche in the Fracking Industry | KQED","description":"As an alternative to the landfill, some companies now recycle contaminated rock shavings left over from drilling for natural gas.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"59763 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=59763","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/01/recycling-dirt-a-new-niche-in-the-fracking-industry/","disqusTitle":"Recycling Dirt: A New Niche in the Fracking Industry","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Recycling+Frack+Dirt/Stream/dirtyrecyclingLONGmp3withtag.mp3","path":"/quest/59763/recycling-dirt-a-new-niche-in-the-fracking-industry","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.what-is-fracking.com/\">Fracking\u003c/a> for natural gas has been vilified for the millions of gallons of wastewater the process generates. But drilling gas wells thousands of feet into the ground also produces another huge stream of waste --tons of rock shavings and dirt tainted with oily chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a better picture of this, imagine using an electric drill to bore a hole into a thick block of wood. All of the wood shavings that fly out are called “cuttings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same thing happens when energy companies drill for oil or natural gas thousands of feet underground -- layers of dirt and rock cuttings are removed from the hole. These rock shavings are coated with an oily residue that rubs off the drill bit. It contains traces of metals and radiation that naturally exist deep in the earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61204\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Chris-Elliott-in-land-sea-box-where-he-grows-microbes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61204\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Chris-Elliott-in-land-sea-box-where-he-grows-microbes-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Chris Elliott, President of Ohio Soil Recycling, uncovers the tank where he grows millions of tiny microbes that will clean out contaminated soil and drill cuttings (photo by Michelle Kanu).\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chris Elliott, President of Ohio Soil Recycling, uncovers the tank where he grows millions of tiny microbes that will clean out contaminated soil and drill cuttings (photo by Michelle Kanu).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ohio requires that these dirty cuttings be disposed of in \u003ca href=\"http://oilandgas.ohiodnr.gov/portals/oilgas/pdf/Fact%20Sheet%20on%20Drilling%20Muds.pdf\">landfills\u003c/a>, but now one company in the Buckeye State has stepped forward with the idea to recycle the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's where Chris Elliott, president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.soilrecycling.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Ohio Soil Recycling\u003c/a>, comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the company's headquarters, a trailer in the middle of an abandoned landfill in Columbus, I hop in Elliott’s pickup and he drives us down a winding dirt path to where a backhoe is scooping up massive piles of dirt and unloading it into a dump truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today our crew is actually moving remediated soil off of the treatment pad over here,” Elliott says. “They're taking it from the treatment pad and over to the final resting area, and placing it on the old landfill and compacting it now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer Ohio Soil Recycling became the first private company to get a \u003ca href=\"http://epa.ohio.gov/portals/34/document/issued_actions/OSR%20IAWMP%20Drill%20Cuttings%202013.pdf\">permit\u003c/a> from the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency to accept drill cuttings from the oil and gas industry. Elliott says drilling giant Chesapeake initially approached him with the idea a couple of years ago. He figured recycling rock cuttings would be a natural extension of his company's core business. Since 2000, the company has been using a process called \u003ca href=\"http://blog.soilutions.co.uk/2011/03/04/what-is-bioremediation/\" target=\"_blank\">bioremediation\u003c/a> to clean up dirt that has been contaminated by oil or industrial spills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elliott explains the process first involves running the soil through a machine. “It kind of breaks the soil up, spreads it across a four-foot-wide belt in a very thin layer, and then we have a spray bar that sprays the microbes onto it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61207\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/OSR-treatment-pad.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-61207\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/OSR-treatment-pad-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"These piles of dirt are undergoing the bioremediation treatment process (photo by Michelle Kanu).\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These piles of dirt are undergoing the bioremediation treatment process (photo by Michelle Kanu).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The microbes go to work, feasting on the oil, heavy metals, and chemical contaminants in the dirt. After the tiny organisms have consumed the food source and start to die off, Elliott says he tests the dirt to make sure it meets the EPA’s standards for residential use. The clean material is then deposited on a different part of the company property as ground cover for the old landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elliott says that by the time the dirt comes off their treatment pad, “We’re extremely confident with the lab results that we get off of it that we got it completely clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some environmental groups aren’t convinced that Ohio Soil Recycling can clean out all the contaminants in the rock cuttings from natural gas drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"We do have a serious concern. Do they have the technology in place to treat for radioactivity, for heavy metals, and for these harsh chemicals?”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We do have a serious concern,” says Melanie Houston, director of water policy for the Ohio Environmental Council. “Do they have the technology in place to treat for radioactivity, for heavy metals, and for these harsh chemicals?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston says the EPA’s standards are too lax, and state law doesn't require Ohio Soil Recycling to test the cuttings thoroughly for radiation. Her group has been lobbying the state to enact stricter policies for testing drilling waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way that the law is stated, these materials are considered non-hazardous,” she says, “so it sort of set things up in a way that companies have an exemption and can treat this material in a way that they would treat non-hazardous material.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some scientists say the amount of radiation in those rock cuttings is unlikely to pose a threat to human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Jeffrey Dick, a geologist at Youngstown State University, the amount of radiation in the cuttings is really low. “It’s not concentrated enough to be a threat. But you have to remember that these radionuclides are trapped within the rock, and they're not being given access to pathways to our drinking water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“For the oil and gas industry, I think we really provide a great alternative that gives them a green solution they can tout that they're doing the green thing with their waste instead of just putting it into a landfill.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Back at Ohio Soil Recycling, Elliott points toward a patch of land just below the freeway and shows me where the recycled drill cuttings will go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lowest area out there is where we would be placing them, knowing that then they would have soil put on top of them so that it could be vegetated and finished.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recycling drill cuttings is still uncharted ground. Only a few companies in Texas have experimented with the process, and so far Elliott's company has only done a test run of cleaning cuttings from Chesapeake. Now that he has the EPA's blessing, Elliott hopes drilling waste will bring a steady stream of revenue in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With landfilling being the only option for cuttings previously, you know you were sending the waste to a landfill, the waste wasn't being cleaned,” he says. “For the oil and gas industry, I think we really provide a great alternative that gives them a green solution they can tout that they're doing the green thing with their waste instead of just putting it into a landfill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elliott is already looking to expand. He’s planning to partner with another company that has more capital and name the new business Shale Recycling. He says he and his new partner are already scouting out areas in eastern Ohio where they plan to open future recycling sites.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/59763/recycling-dirt-a-new-niche-in-the-fracking-industry","authors":["10486"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_11765","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_337","quest_12269","quest_10327","quest_30","quest_9804","quest_12276","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_10429","quest_2692","quest_3103","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_61210","label":"source_quest_59763"},"quest_52366":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_52366","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"52366","score":null,"sort":[1377007218000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"city-chickens-pets-with-perks","title":"City Chickens: Pets with Perks","publishDate":1377007218,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Chickens+in+the+City/Stream/chickensFINAL+with+funder+tag.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58997\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1.jpg\" alt=\"Matt Wilson and his four hens reside in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, where city rules now allow for chicken ownership. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Wilson and his four hens reside in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, where city rules now allow for chicken ownership.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Matt Wilson isn’t a farmer and his house isn’t in the sticks. He lives in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, and we are chatting in his smallish urban backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson tosses cherry tomatoes to his four “girls.” The hens snag the fruit with their beaks and cluck contentedly as they indulge in the sweet flesh. These are street-smart and happy hens, says Wilson. They’re just as good at dodging hawks as they are at sunbathing on a lazy afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58992\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-595.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58992\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-595-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wilson's dog, Peaches, is on good terms with the family hens.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wilson's dog, Peaches, is on good terms with the family hens.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wilson is just one of many people who now takes “backyard gardening” to a whole new level, bringing in a new kind of family pet that doubles as a feathered fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hens have the run of the place. His yard is fenced but sandwiched between driveways and neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson got his flock a year ago, when the city passed an ordinance allowing hen ownership. Many other communities across the country have either passed or are considering similar rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/poultry/downloads/poultry10/Poultry10_dr_Urban_Chicken_Four.pdf\">USDA report\u003c/a> out this year calls urban chickens a “growing phenomenon.” About 1 percent of all the city households they surveyed had chickens. What’s more, nearly 4 percent said that while they don’t have birds now, they plan to get them in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> “It seems like just growing vegetables is like listening to a band with no guitars or singers and just somebody playing drums,” says Wilson, “It’s not the whole story.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wilson knows it’s a trend. “They’re kind of like new hipster lawn ornaments,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Thompson, with the \u003ca href=\"http://cuyahoga.osu.edu/\">ag extension office\u003c/a> at Ohio State University, says a lot of people have been hearing or seeing chickens crop up in city backyards. “It’s something that they get excited about,” he says, and they want to try it out for themselves. He cautions that raising chickens does require a fair bit of work, but it’s definitely doable. “Probably not too different from keeping pets,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how Matt Wilson views it. “Compared to our dog, they’re way less work,” he says, noting how they tuck themselves into the coop at night. “When the sun goes down, they walk in here and line up,” says Wilson, “and then I say goodnight and lock ‘em up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chickens are hardy creatures, but they require upkeep and safe conditions or the flock, and potentially humans, could be at \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/features/salmonellapoultry/\">risk for disease\u003c/a>. Concerns like this make some people less keen on allowing chickens into the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wilson says it’s all about doing it responsibly. “It’s not something you can just bumble your way through,” he says. “You should do your homework, but you don’t have to go to ag school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hens are now part of his family. He says the birds even gathered around the picnic table last year during their outdoor Thanksgiving dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson’s ladies are certainly pets, but he also considers them a logical next step for urban gardeners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58995\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-623.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58995\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-623-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wilson's chicken coop shares backyard space with his kids' swing-set and other toys.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wilson's chicken coop shares backyard space with his kids' toys and his vegetable garden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everything I read just kept on emphasizing how chickens, and farm animals in general, are a great way to reclaim waste and turn it into food,” he says. He also likes how their composted droppings make a great fertilizer for his veggie beds. When he cleans the coop, he puts the used pine shavings and droppings into a compost bin, lets it cure for a couple months, and then spreads the rich, crumbly, and sweet-smelling compost onto his garden. “It seems like just growing vegetables is like listening to a band with no guitars or singers and just somebody playing drums,” says Wilson, “It’s not the whole story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s true. Chickens are good gobblers and will go to town on garden critters and veggie scraps. One of Wilson’s neighbors owns a microbrewery and unloads his spent grain in Wilson’s backyard. “The chickens go nuts,” says Wilson. While there’s no alcohol in the grains, there’s still a lot of good roughage and fiber.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“There’s all this opportunity for us to reclaim waste that the city generates,” says Wilson.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This got Wilson thinking about the bigger picture, about how city folks can better deal with waste. “They would just put that stuff in the trash. Just bags and bags of it,” he says. “There’s all this opportunity for us to reclaim waste that the city generates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sort of “urban enlightenment” is what backyard chicken enthusiasts say is so great about the birds. They give people the chance to see food and waste come full circle -- an opportunity in short supply in city life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the eggs are darn tasty, too, says 8-year-old Charlie Wilson. “Fridays we have breakfast for dinner and we always eat their eggs.” His dad agrees, saying eggs from a diner kind of taste like rubber by comparison. “These,” says the older Wilson, “definitely have this intense yolk flavor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are health benefits to eggs from pasture-raised hens as well. The chicken’s short digestive tract allows all those vitamins and nutrients from their foraging to make it into their egg yolks quickly. Researchers at Penn State \u003ca href=\"http://news.psu.edu/story/166143/2010/07/20/research-shows-eggs-pastured-chickens-may-be-more-nutritious\">found\u003c/a> eggs from pasture-raised hens had more vitamins E and A and heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids than eggs from commercial hens. \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherearthnews.com/real-food/pastured-eggs-vitamin-d-content.aspx#axzz2Yx3USu3D\">Other tests\u003c/a> have also found more vitamin D and less cholesterol and saturated fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Thompson from the OSU ag extension office says chicken ownership is teaching more city folks about animal husbandry. They can even be a sort of “gateway animal,” says Thompson. Depending on rules and square footage, he says, you can keep a lot of things in the city, including goats, cows, sheep, bees, and turkeys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for chicken-owner Matt Wilson, his ladies have started him daydreaming about pigs. Just don’t tell his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59013\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59013\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4.jpg\" alt=\"Matt Wilson's urban hens sunbath in their Cleveland Heights backyard.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Wilson's urban hens sunbath in their Cleveland Heights backyard.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meet \u003ca href=\"http://hens.tplus1.com/FAQ/\">Matt Wilson. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meet Wilson's fellow urban\u003ca href=\"http://heights-chickeneers.com\"> chickeneers. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn about starting your own \u003ca href=\"http://www.rodale.com/raising-backyard-chickens-0\">flock.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recommended reading for those considering backyard chickens, from Carl Skalak, owner of \u003ca href=\"http://bluepikefarm.com/\">Blue Pike Farm\u003c/a> in the heart of Cleveland, Ohio:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heuser, G.F\u003cem>.\u003c/em>,\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nortoncreekpress.com/feeding_poultry.html\"> Feeding Poultry\u003c/a>, \u003c/em>Norton Creek Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plamondon, Robert, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nortoncreekpress.com/success_with_baby_chicks.html\">Success with Baby Chicks\u003c/a>,\u003c/em> Norton Creek Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prince, T. Woods, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nortoncreekpress.com/fresh_air_poultry_houses.html\">\u003cem>Fresh-Air Poultry Houses\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Norton Creek Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ussery, Harvey, \u003ca href=\"http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/item/the_smallscale_poultry_flock\">\u003cem>The Small-Scale Poultry Flock\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Chelsea Green Publishing\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Take an inside look at the new trend of raising chickens within city limits, and see why the flocks inspire pride for eco-minded owners.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1398456449,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1212},"headData":{"title":"City Chickens: Pets with Perks | KQED","description":"Take an inside look at the new trend of raising chickens within city limits, and see why the flocks inspire pride for eco-minded owners.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"52366 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52366","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/20/city-chickens-pets-with-perks/","disqusTitle":"City Chickens: Pets with Perks","path":"/quest/52366/city-chickens-pets-with-perks","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Chickens+in+the+City/Stream/chickensFINAL+with+funder+tag.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Chickens+in+the+City/Stream/chickensFINAL+with+funder+tag.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58997\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1.jpg\" alt=\"Matt Wilson and his four hens reside in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, where city rules now allow for chicken ownership. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Wilson and his four hens reside in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, where city rules now allow for chicken ownership.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Matt Wilson isn’t a farmer and his house isn’t in the sticks. He lives in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, and we are chatting in his smallish urban backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson tosses cherry tomatoes to his four “girls.” The hens snag the fruit with their beaks and cluck contentedly as they indulge in the sweet flesh. These are street-smart and happy hens, says Wilson. They’re just as good at dodging hawks as they are at sunbathing on a lazy afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58992\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-595.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58992\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-595-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wilson's dog, Peaches, is on good terms with the family hens.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wilson's dog, Peaches, is on good terms with the family hens.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wilson is just one of many people who now takes “backyard gardening” to a whole new level, bringing in a new kind of family pet that doubles as a feathered fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hens have the run of the place. His yard is fenced but sandwiched between driveways and neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson got his flock a year ago, when the city passed an ordinance allowing hen ownership. Many other communities across the country have either passed or are considering similar rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/poultry/downloads/poultry10/Poultry10_dr_Urban_Chicken_Four.pdf\">USDA report\u003c/a> out this year calls urban chickens a “growing phenomenon.” About 1 percent of all the city households they surveyed had chickens. What’s more, nearly 4 percent said that while they don’t have birds now, they plan to get them in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> “It seems like just growing vegetables is like listening to a band with no guitars or singers and just somebody playing drums,” says Wilson, “It’s not the whole story.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wilson knows it’s a trend. “They’re kind of like new hipster lawn ornaments,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Thompson, with the \u003ca href=\"http://cuyahoga.osu.edu/\">ag extension office\u003c/a> at Ohio State University, says a lot of people have been hearing or seeing chickens crop up in city backyards. “It’s something that they get excited about,” he says, and they want to try it out for themselves. He cautions that raising chickens does require a fair bit of work, but it’s definitely doable. “Probably not too different from keeping pets,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how Matt Wilson views it. “Compared to our dog, they’re way less work,” he says, noting how they tuck themselves into the coop at night. “When the sun goes down, they walk in here and line up,” says Wilson, “and then I say goodnight and lock ‘em up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chickens are hardy creatures, but they require upkeep and safe conditions or the flock, and potentially humans, could be at \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/features/salmonellapoultry/\">risk for disease\u003c/a>. Concerns like this make some people less keen on allowing chickens into the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wilson says it’s all about doing it responsibly. “It’s not something you can just bumble your way through,” he says. “You should do your homework, but you don’t have to go to ag school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hens are now part of his family. He says the birds even gathered around the picnic table last year during their outdoor Thanksgiving dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson’s ladies are certainly pets, but he also considers them a logical next step for urban gardeners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58995\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-623.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58995\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Matt-wilson-chickens-623-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wilson's chicken coop shares backyard space with his kids' swing-set and other toys.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wilson's chicken coop shares backyard space with his kids' toys and his vegetable garden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everything I read just kept on emphasizing how chickens, and farm animals in general, are a great way to reclaim waste and turn it into food,” he says. He also likes how their composted droppings make a great fertilizer for his veggie beds. When he cleans the coop, he puts the used pine shavings and droppings into a compost bin, lets it cure for a couple months, and then spreads the rich, crumbly, and sweet-smelling compost onto his garden. “It seems like just growing vegetables is like listening to a band with no guitars or singers and just somebody playing drums,” says Wilson, “It’s not the whole story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s true. Chickens are good gobblers and will go to town on garden critters and veggie scraps. One of Wilson’s neighbors owns a microbrewery and unloads his spent grain in Wilson’s backyard. “The chickens go nuts,” says Wilson. While there’s no alcohol in the grains, there’s still a lot of good roughage and fiber.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“There’s all this opportunity for us to reclaim waste that the city generates,” says Wilson.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This got Wilson thinking about the bigger picture, about how city folks can better deal with waste. “They would just put that stuff in the trash. Just bags and bags of it,” he says. “There’s all this opportunity for us to reclaim waste that the city generates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sort of “urban enlightenment” is what backyard chicken enthusiasts say is so great about the birds. They give people the chance to see food and waste come full circle -- an opportunity in short supply in city life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the eggs are darn tasty, too, says 8-year-old Charlie Wilson. “Fridays we have breakfast for dinner and we always eat their eggs.” His dad agrees, saying eggs from a diner kind of taste like rubber by comparison. “These,” says the older Wilson, “definitely have this intense yolk flavor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are health benefits to eggs from pasture-raised hens as well. The chicken’s short digestive tract allows all those vitamins and nutrients from their foraging to make it into their egg yolks quickly. Researchers at Penn State \u003ca href=\"http://news.psu.edu/story/166143/2010/07/20/research-shows-eggs-pastured-chickens-may-be-more-nutritious\">found\u003c/a> eggs from pasture-raised hens had more vitamins E and A and heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids than eggs from commercial hens. \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherearthnews.com/real-food/pastured-eggs-vitamin-d-content.aspx#axzz2Yx3USu3D\">Other tests\u003c/a> have also found more vitamin D and less cholesterol and saturated fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Thompson from the OSU ag extension office says chicken ownership is teaching more city folks about animal husbandry. They can even be a sort of “gateway animal,” says Thompson. Depending on rules and square footage, he says, you can keep a lot of things in the city, including goats, cows, sheep, bees, and turkeys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for chicken-owner Matt Wilson, his ladies have started him daydreaming about pigs. Just don’t tell his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59013\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59013\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4.jpg\" alt=\"Matt Wilson's urban hens sunbath in their Cleveland Heights backyard.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Wilson4-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Wilson's urban hens sunbath in their Cleveland Heights backyard.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meet \u003ca href=\"http://hens.tplus1.com/FAQ/\">Matt Wilson. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meet Wilson's fellow urban\u003ca href=\"http://heights-chickeneers.com\"> chickeneers. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn about starting your own \u003ca href=\"http://www.rodale.com/raising-backyard-chickens-0\">flock.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recommended reading for those considering backyard chickens, from Carl Skalak, owner of \u003ca href=\"http://bluepikefarm.com/\">Blue Pike Farm\u003c/a> in the heart of Cleveland, Ohio:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heuser, G.F\u003cem>.\u003c/em>,\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nortoncreekpress.com/feeding_poultry.html\"> Feeding Poultry\u003c/a>, \u003c/em>Norton Creek Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plamondon, Robert, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nortoncreekpress.com/success_with_baby_chicks.html\">Success with Baby Chicks\u003c/a>,\u003c/em> Norton Creek Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prince, T. Woods, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nortoncreekpress.com/fresh_air_poultry_houses.html\">\u003cem>Fresh-Air Poultry Houses\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Norton Creek Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ussery, Harvey, \u003ca href=\"http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/item/the_smallscale_poultry_flock\">\u003cem>The Small-Scale Poultry Flock\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Chelsea Green Publishing\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52366/city-chickens-pets-with-perks","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_3229","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_574","quest_12211","quest_10327","quest_10379","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_13364","quest_13365","quest_12210","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_58997","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. 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