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That’s got people tinkering with ways to do something meaningful with the space, such as plant an urban farm or create a neighborhood park. But those options take money, time, and maintenance, so researchers in Cleveland are testing a way to help revitalize an area -- and improve stormwater management -- without breaking the bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Cleveland is home to 20,000 vacant lots. Last fall I trudged through one of them with Sandra Albro, a researcher with the Cleveland Botanical Garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There used to be an abandoned building here, flanked by houses in the city’s\u003ca href=\"http://slavicvillage.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Slavic Village\u003c/a> neighborhood. In its place Albro’s team is installing a rain garden amid rumbling Bobcats, bags of mulch, and plenty of mud. Galoshes were in short supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68248\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Slavic-Village-Vacant-to-Vibrant-046.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68248\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Slavic-Village-Vacant-to-Vibrant-046-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sandra Albro plants her rain garden with greenery that will help mitigate stormwater problems. Credit: Anne Glausser. \" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Albro plants the vacant lot with greenery that will help mitigate the city's stormwater problems. Credit: Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Situated on a slope, at the base of the site is a big, bean-shaped indentation in the soil that will soon be planted with thirsty native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we're hoping to accomplish with these beans, our little rain gardens, is to just slow the water down and capture it long enough to let it \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmo0FRAVgkM&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\">infiltrate into the soil\u003c/a>,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “beans” are part of an \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/urbanwaters\" target=\"_blank\">EPA-funded research study\u003c/a> looking at lower cost, lower maintenance ways to transform vacant land while benefiting communities and the environment. In the environmental engineering community, this kind of project is often called \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/greeninfrastructure/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">green infrastructure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Albro has set up nine “beans” in this neighborhood and will be comparing their ability to capture stormwater runoff to control sites they’re also monitoring. Regardless of what the data yield, Albro said “greening” projects like this tend to benefit communities in many ways. “There's been a lot of evidence showing that intensive green in neighborhoods improves property values by about 30 percent,” she said. “It reduces violent crime and improves human health indicators. And then on the green infrastructure side, I mean, we do know that green infrastructure can absorb millions of gallons of stormwater every year, so we're hoping to achieve a mixture of those two things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stormwater is a big issue in cities like Cleveland. Heavy rains overwhelm the sewer system here, forcing \u003ca href=\"http://www.neorsd.org/cso_edu.php\" target=\"_blank\">raw sewage to discharge\u003c/a> into Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68253\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Cleveland_vacants_8-15-131-e1394635400622.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Cleveland_vacants_8-15-131-e1394635400622-453x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cleveland_vacants_8-15-13\" width=\"386\" height=\"306\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cleveland's vacant spaces, highlighted in orange, all present opportunities for green revitalization. Credit: Sandra Albro.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Albro hopes data from this study, and others like it, will help cities make smart land-use decisions. “We're definitely not promising this is the be all, end all of vacant land reuse and green infrastructure, but in two years we will be able to tell you exactly how it works and what the pros and cons are,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right as Albro planted the site’s first seedling, an aster, the sky turned gray. I camped out under Marlane Weslian’s umbrella. Weslian is a longtime resident and works for the area development group. She said she joined the project because she cares about stormwater issues, but mostly to help her neighborhood get back on its feet. “I've actually been living in the neighborhood since 1972. I raised my kids here and I'm living here now with my partner and I'm not gonna leave. It's a great neighborhood. We'll weather all the ups and downs. We always have,” Weslian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project’s plan is to tap into this sense of neighborhood pride, and recruit local volunteers to tend the rain gardens. Urban planners with whom I spoke, including Terry Schwarz with the Kent State Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative, say this kind of dual-purpose green infrastructure project could go a long way in helping Cleveland dust off and rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take a neighborhood that's on the -- maybe on the brink -- that has demolition and some vacant land but also has residents living there who would really like to see their neighborhood turn around, these individual vacant parcels become really important,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Vacant lots are a big problem for cities with population loss, like Cleveland, where researchers are testing a cost-efficient way to transform abandoned land into spaces that revitalize neighborhoods and improve the environment. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442698980,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":741},"headData":{"title":"Vacant Lots Get a Green Makeover | KQED","description":"Vacant lots are a big problem for cities with population loss, like Cleveland, where researchers are testing a cost-efficient way to transform abandoned land into spaces that revitalize neighborhoods and improve the environment. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Vacant Lots Get a Green Makeover","datePublished":"2014-03-26T14:00:28.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T21:43:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"58920 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=58920","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/26/vacant-lots-get-a-green-makeover/","disqusTitle":"Vacant Lots Get a Green Makeover","path":"/quest/58920/vacant-lots-get-a-green-makeover","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Vacant+to+vibrant/Stream/vacantstreamwfunders.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Vacant+to+vibrant/Stream/vacantstreamwfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vacant lots are a big problem for cities that have lost a lot of their population, like Detroit and Cleveland. That’s got people tinkering with ways to do something meaningful with the space, such as plant an urban farm or create a neighborhood park. But those options take money, time, and maintenance, so researchers in Cleveland are testing a way to help revitalize an area -- and improve stormwater management -- without breaking the bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Cleveland is home to 20,000 vacant lots. Last fall I trudged through one of them with Sandra Albro, a researcher with the Cleveland Botanical Garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There used to be an abandoned building here, flanked by houses in the city’s\u003ca href=\"http://slavicvillage.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Slavic Village\u003c/a> neighborhood. In its place Albro’s team is installing a rain garden amid rumbling Bobcats, bags of mulch, and plenty of mud. Galoshes were in short supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68248\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Slavic-Village-Vacant-to-Vibrant-046.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68248\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Slavic-Village-Vacant-to-Vibrant-046-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sandra Albro plants her rain garden with greenery that will help mitigate stormwater problems. Credit: Anne Glausser. \" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Albro plants the vacant lot with greenery that will help mitigate the city's stormwater problems. Credit: Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Situated on a slope, at the base of the site is a big, bean-shaped indentation in the soil that will soon be planted with thirsty native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we're hoping to accomplish with these beans, our little rain gardens, is to just slow the water down and capture it long enough to let it \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmo0FRAVgkM&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\">infiltrate into the soil\u003c/a>,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “beans” are part of an \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/urbanwaters\" target=\"_blank\">EPA-funded research study\u003c/a> looking at lower cost, lower maintenance ways to transform vacant land while benefiting communities and the environment. In the environmental engineering community, this kind of project is often called \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/greeninfrastructure/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">green infrastructure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Albro has set up nine “beans” in this neighborhood and will be comparing their ability to capture stormwater runoff to control sites they’re also monitoring. Regardless of what the data yield, Albro said “greening” projects like this tend to benefit communities in many ways. “There's been a lot of evidence showing that intensive green in neighborhoods improves property values by about 30 percent,” she said. “It reduces violent crime and improves human health indicators. And then on the green infrastructure side, I mean, we do know that green infrastructure can absorb millions of gallons of stormwater every year, so we're hoping to achieve a mixture of those two things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stormwater is a big issue in cities like Cleveland. Heavy rains overwhelm the sewer system here, forcing \u003ca href=\"http://www.neorsd.org/cso_edu.php\" target=\"_blank\">raw sewage to discharge\u003c/a> into Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68253\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Cleveland_vacants_8-15-131-e1394635400622.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Cleveland_vacants_8-15-131-e1394635400622-453x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cleveland_vacants_8-15-13\" width=\"386\" height=\"306\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cleveland's vacant spaces, highlighted in orange, all present opportunities for green revitalization. Credit: Sandra Albro.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Albro hopes data from this study, and others like it, will help cities make smart land-use decisions. “We're definitely not promising this is the be all, end all of vacant land reuse and green infrastructure, but in two years we will be able to tell you exactly how it works and what the pros and cons are,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right as Albro planted the site’s first seedling, an aster, the sky turned gray. I camped out under Marlane Weslian’s umbrella. Weslian is a longtime resident and works for the area development group. She said she joined the project because she cares about stormwater issues, but mostly to help her neighborhood get back on its feet. “I've actually been living in the neighborhood since 1972. I raised my kids here and I'm living here now with my partner and I'm not gonna leave. It's a great neighborhood. We'll weather all the ups and downs. We always have,” Weslian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project’s plan is to tap into this sense of neighborhood pride, and recruit local volunteers to tend the rain gardens. Urban planners with whom I spoke, including Terry Schwarz with the Kent State Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative, say this kind of dual-purpose green infrastructure project could go a long way in helping Cleveland dust off and rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take a neighborhood that's on the -- maybe on the brink -- that has demolition and some vacant land but also has residents living there who would really like to see their neighborhood turn around, these individual vacant parcels become really important,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/58920/vacant-lots-get-a-green-makeover","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_12021","quest_12699","quest_12269","quest_12698","quest_10327","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_10429","quest_12693","quest_11130","quest_12694","quest_12697","quest_11536","quest_12701","quest_12695","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_68353","label":"quest"},"quest_61122":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_61122","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"61122","score":null,"sort":[1386082824000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"human-health-in-a-changing-climate","title":"Human Health in a Changing Climate","publishDate":1386082824,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64358\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/GHI_incubator_forum11_4786.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-64358 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/GHI_incubator_forum11_4786.jpg\" alt=\"Jonathan Patz, the director of the Global Health Institute at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has spent decades studying the health effects of global climate change. \" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/GHI_incubator_forum11_4786.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/GHI_incubator_forum11_4786-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jonathan Patz, the director of the Global Health Institute at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has spent decades studying the health effects of global climate change. Image by Bryce Richter.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">\u003cstrong>An Expert Opinion: \u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Patz\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Polar bears aren’t the only species threatened by climate change. Jonathan Patz, director of the Global Health Institute at the University of Wisconsin, has spent the last two decades studying the ways that a warming world will affect human health. In 2007, he shared the Nobel Prize as a lead author for the United Nations’ \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcc.ch\">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a>. Patz, who holds degrees in medicine and public health, crisscrosses the globe to spread the word about the far-reaching impacts of climate change on our health and why better urban planning might be the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003cem>When we think about the effects of climate change on our health, most of us probably think about big events like heat waves. Are there other, overlooked implications for public health? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons I think that climate change poses an enormous public health risk is because of the multiple pathways through which the impacts will be experienced. When you have a heat wave, you get worsening of \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2007JD009775/abstract\">pollution effects\u003c/a>. Also higher temperatures promote more \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/108/10/4248.full.pdf+html?sid=88885811-ae9a-4b37-9fb7-44db29a15a92\">ragweed pollen\u003c/a>, and then all sorts of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7066/full/nature04188.html\">infectious diseases\u003c/a>. There are so many diseases very sensitive to small shifts in temperature. It’s also extremes of the water cycle. Already we don’t handle heavy rainfall events very well. When it rains really hard, you’re going to find \u003ca href=\"http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/0749-3797/PIIS0749379708007022.pdf\">bacteria and viruses\u003c/a> in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I think one of the biggest problems that’s the most difficult to study and document, could be the disruption of big populations: droughts forcing people to move, sea level rise. These are going to cause population-wide disruption, social upheaval. I think this could be a huge burden with mental health, post-traumatic stress, and things like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64334\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 258px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Global-warming-maps_hi-res.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64334 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Global-warming-maps_hi-res-258x253.jpg\" alt=\"In the upper map, countries are sized based on their greenhouse gas production\" width=\"258\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The disparity in carbon emissions (shown in the upper map) and prevalence of climate-senstive disease (lower map) between industrialized and non-industrialized countries is an ethical problem. Image by Jeff Miller, UW-Madison.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You’ve said that the way climate change is affecting our health is an ethical issue.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where are today’s most climate-sensitive diseases like \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/106/33/13844.full.pdf+html?sid=d981662e-43e1-4edb-bb3c-627a2f1a1fe7\">malaria\u003c/a>, malnutrition, diarrheal disease? They’re mostly in poor countries, especially Africa and India. Then you ask the question, who’s causing global warming? Global warming is primarily from burning fossil fuels -- that’s in the industrialized world. That’s the huge ethical dilemma. Those most vulnerable are the least responsible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YM1cQIH72tc&feature=youtu.be\">meeting with the Dalai Lama\u003c/a> two years ago, I was explaining to him that we didn’t know when we were developing the steam engine and oil- and gas-powered vehicles and powering our electricity with coal, we didn’t know that it was a bad thing. So now we know that. And the Dalai Lama asked me, he said, “Well, wait a minute, now that you know that, why are you still burning fossil fuels? It’s no longer ethical, with that knowledge.” I said to him, “That’s a good question. That’s a very good question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>It’s easy to feel overwhelmed by the enormity of the problem. Are there concrete things people can do that will mitigate some of the negative effects on our health?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, this is the exciting piece of this that I really think is important. With every crisis there’s an opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The automobile, the dependence on the automobile, is really a very costly design for our health. We actually \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3261937/\">quantified\u003c/a> the economic benefit and the health benefit if you took the 11 largest cities in the upper Midwest and you asked the question, what if short car trips, trips that are two and a half miles, were taken off the road? What would it mean for urban air quality? We found that we would save 500 lives a year, hundreds of thousands in hospitalizations, and about four billion dollars every year in savings from avoided health costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, what if half of those short car trips become bicycle trips, and only during the summer? That would save another 700 lives per year because of physical fitness. So we’re talking about eight billion dollars, about 1,300 lives saved. So, this is a golden opportunity -- a huge public health dividend -- to be able to design cities and design transportation for active transit, for biking, for walking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You bike to work, right? Even in the Wisconsin winter?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have recently bought studded snow tires and I do bike to work, but that’s not actually the message that I want to portray. Because I would say while I bike to work in the winter, I do it for speed and convenience. If I lived further away, I would probably take the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biking has to become the preferred choice, the easy choice. You can’t ask people to bicycle because they should. This is where the challenge is to urban planning and to the policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64363\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Portland_Transit_Mall_with_cyclists_crossing.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64363 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Portland_Transit_Mall_with_cyclists_crossing-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"Patz' research shows that climate-change mitigation strategies like biking and using public transit have health benefits of their own. Image by Steve Morgan.\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patz' research shows that climate-change mitigation strategies like biking and using public transit have health benefits of their own. Image by Steve Morgan.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I\u003c/em>\u003cem>s that why you’re so committed to advocacy? You spend a lot of time talking to government officials and policymakers.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I do. I’ve spent about 20 years working on climate change health issues. Most of that time has been looking at the hazardous effects, and I think it’s clear that climate change is a big hazard. But I now think that the policies towards smart urban planning, clean energy sources – the potential health benefits of those mitigation policies are huge. I use that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cartoonistgroup.com/store/add.php?iid=41786\">cartoon\u003c/a> all the time, these climate skeptics saying, “What if climate change is a hoax and we create a healthier and cleaner community for nothing?!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You were one of the first people in this field. Was there a moment when you realized what huge implications climate change had for public health?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003c/em>During one of my medical residencies I rotated at the EPA, and they asked me to review the literature on this issue. And I looked at this 1989 government report where the only health concern was the supplies of underarm deodorant. That was the health concern. And I said, wait a minute…this is a linchpin issue. This is one of those issues that involved population policy, per capita energy and resources, and potential big hazards. This is a huge issue and nobody’s actually doing research. So I started researching it. And now it’s great to see things are really spinning up and people have put climate change health as a top priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Back then, did you ever think you’d end up talking to the Dalai Lama about climate change?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, I didn’t think about that one!\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Public heath expert Jonathan Patz reveals some of the less obvious effects of a changing climate on our health, and offers up some ideas about how to combat climate change and improve human health at the same time.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1386022098,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":1199},"headData":{"title":"Human Health in a Changing Climate | KQED","description":"Public heath expert Jonathan Patz reveals some of the less obvious effects of a changing climate on our health, and offers up some ideas about how to combat climate change and improve human health at the same time.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Human Health in a Changing Climate","datePublished":"2013-12-03T15:00:24.000Z","dateModified":"2013-12-02T22:08:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"61122 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=61122","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/03/human-health-in-a-changing-climate/","disqusTitle":"Human Health in a Changing Climate","path":"/quest/61122/human-health-in-a-changing-climate","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64358\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/GHI_incubator_forum11_4786.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-64358 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/GHI_incubator_forum11_4786.jpg\" alt=\"Jonathan Patz, the director of the Global Health Institute at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has spent decades studying the health effects of global climate change. \" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/GHI_incubator_forum11_4786.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/GHI_incubator_forum11_4786-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jonathan Patz, the director of the Global Health Institute at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has spent decades studying the health effects of global climate change. Image by Bryce Richter.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">\u003cstrong>An Expert Opinion: \u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>Jonathan Patz\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Polar bears aren’t the only species threatened by climate change. Jonathan Patz, director of the Global Health Institute at the University of Wisconsin, has spent the last two decades studying the ways that a warming world will affect human health. In 2007, he shared the Nobel Prize as a lead author for the United Nations’ \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcc.ch\">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a>. Patz, who holds degrees in medicine and public health, crisscrosses the globe to spread the word about the far-reaching impacts of climate change on our health and why better urban planning might be the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003cem>When we think about the effects of climate change on our health, most of us probably think about big events like heat waves. Are there other, overlooked implications for public health? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons I think that climate change poses an enormous public health risk is because of the multiple pathways through which the impacts will be experienced. When you have a heat wave, you get worsening of \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2007JD009775/abstract\">pollution effects\u003c/a>. Also higher temperatures promote more \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/108/10/4248.full.pdf+html?sid=88885811-ae9a-4b37-9fb7-44db29a15a92\">ragweed pollen\u003c/a>, and then all sorts of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7066/full/nature04188.html\">infectious diseases\u003c/a>. There are so many diseases very sensitive to small shifts in temperature. It’s also extremes of the water cycle. Already we don’t handle heavy rainfall events very well. When it rains really hard, you’re going to find \u003ca href=\"http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/0749-3797/PIIS0749379708007022.pdf\">bacteria and viruses\u003c/a> in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I think one of the biggest problems that’s the most difficult to study and document, could be the disruption of big populations: droughts forcing people to move, sea level rise. These are going to cause population-wide disruption, social upheaval. I think this could be a huge burden with mental health, post-traumatic stress, and things like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64334\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 258px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Global-warming-maps_hi-res.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64334 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Global-warming-maps_hi-res-258x253.jpg\" alt=\"In the upper map, countries are sized based on their greenhouse gas production\" width=\"258\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The disparity in carbon emissions (shown in the upper map) and prevalence of climate-senstive disease (lower map) between industrialized and non-industrialized countries is an ethical problem. Image by Jeff Miller, UW-Madison.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You’ve said that the way climate change is affecting our health is an ethical issue.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where are today’s most climate-sensitive diseases like \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/106/33/13844.full.pdf+html?sid=d981662e-43e1-4edb-bb3c-627a2f1a1fe7\">malaria\u003c/a>, malnutrition, diarrheal disease? They’re mostly in poor countries, especially Africa and India. Then you ask the question, who’s causing global warming? Global warming is primarily from burning fossil fuels -- that’s in the industrialized world. That’s the huge ethical dilemma. Those most vulnerable are the least responsible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YM1cQIH72tc&feature=youtu.be\">meeting with the Dalai Lama\u003c/a> two years ago, I was explaining to him that we didn’t know when we were developing the steam engine and oil- and gas-powered vehicles and powering our electricity with coal, we didn’t know that it was a bad thing. So now we know that. And the Dalai Lama asked me, he said, “Well, wait a minute, now that you know that, why are you still burning fossil fuels? It’s no longer ethical, with that knowledge.” I said to him, “That’s a good question. That’s a very good question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>It’s easy to feel overwhelmed by the enormity of the problem. Are there concrete things people can do that will mitigate some of the negative effects on our health?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, this is the exciting piece of this that I really think is important. With every crisis there’s an opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The automobile, the dependence on the automobile, is really a very costly design for our health. We actually \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3261937/\">quantified\u003c/a> the economic benefit and the health benefit if you took the 11 largest cities in the upper Midwest and you asked the question, what if short car trips, trips that are two and a half miles, were taken off the road? What would it mean for urban air quality? We found that we would save 500 lives a year, hundreds of thousands in hospitalizations, and about four billion dollars every year in savings from avoided health costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, what if half of those short car trips become bicycle trips, and only during the summer? That would save another 700 lives per year because of physical fitness. So we’re talking about eight billion dollars, about 1,300 lives saved. So, this is a golden opportunity -- a huge public health dividend -- to be able to design cities and design transportation for active transit, for biking, for walking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You bike to work, right? Even in the Wisconsin winter?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have recently bought studded snow tires and I do bike to work, but that’s not actually the message that I want to portray. Because I would say while I bike to work in the winter, I do it for speed and convenience. If I lived further away, I would probably take the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biking has to become the preferred choice, the easy choice. You can’t ask people to bicycle because they should. This is where the challenge is to urban planning and to the policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64363\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Portland_Transit_Mall_with_cyclists_crossing.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64363 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Portland_Transit_Mall_with_cyclists_crossing-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"Patz' research shows that climate-change mitigation strategies like biking and using public transit have health benefits of their own. Image by Steve Morgan.\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patz' research shows that climate-change mitigation strategies like biking and using public transit have health benefits of their own. Image by Steve Morgan.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I\u003c/em>\u003cem>s that why you’re so committed to advocacy? You spend a lot of time talking to government officials and policymakers.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I do. I’ve spent about 20 years working on climate change health issues. Most of that time has been looking at the hazardous effects, and I think it’s clear that climate change is a big hazard. But I now think that the policies towards smart urban planning, clean energy sources – the potential health benefits of those mitigation policies are huge. I use that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cartoonistgroup.com/store/add.php?iid=41786\">cartoon\u003c/a> all the time, these climate skeptics saying, “What if climate change is a hoax and we create a healthier and cleaner community for nothing?!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You were one of the first people in this field. Was there a moment when you realized what huge implications climate change had for public health?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003c/em>During one of my medical residencies I rotated at the EPA, and they asked me to review the literature on this issue. And I looked at this 1989 government report where the only health concern was the supplies of underarm deodorant. That was the health concern. And I said, wait a minute…this is a linchpin issue. This is one of those issues that involved population policy, per capita energy and resources, and potential big hazards. This is a huge issue and nobody’s actually doing research. So I started researching it. And now it’s great to see things are really spinning up and people have put climate change health as a top priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Back then, did you ever think you’d end up talking to the Dalai Lama about climate change?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, I didn’t think about that one!\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/61122/human-health-in-a-changing-climate","authors":["10441"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_621","quest_12465","quest_12269","quest_12466","quest_12464","quest_3292","quest_13365","quest_11536"],"featImg":"quest_64333","label":"quest"},"quest_46098":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_46098","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"46098","score":null,"sort":[1350669616000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"china-tries-greening-from-the-ground-up","title":"China Tries Greening from the Ground Up","publishDate":1350669616,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/10/20121022science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46106\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 323px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-46106 \" title=\"Tianjinpanorama640x360\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Tianjinpanorama640x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"323\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Tianjinpanorama640x360.jpg 673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Tianjinpanorama640x360-400x219.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Tianjinpanorama640x360-672x369.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 323px) 100vw, 323px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sustainable city built from scratch: That's what developers are aiming for with Tianjin Eco-city. Photo: Marjorie Sun\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From green building rules to carpool privileges for electric cars, California has moved in recent years to plan for a more sustainable future. It’s a trend here, but nowhere is the urgency greater than in China, where hundreds of millions of people are moving to cities in pursuit of a better life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China’s urbanization has come at a tremendous cost: pollution, traffic congestion, surging energy use and more carbon dioxide emissions. Now, China is partnering with experts in the Bay Area on a huge experiment—building new cities to be environmentally sustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>China’s Eco-city Showcase\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhang Xi is a pretty, willowy woman. And she’s an urban pioneer. She and her family are among the first tenants of Tianjin Eco-city, a showcase for China’s push to build sustainable cities from scratch. Zhang moved here from Beijing, about an hour to the north by bullet train. She was enticed by a new job and a shorter commute to work. Much shorter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just three minutes by elevator, so it's really convenient,” Zhang told me through a translator. She \"used to take the subway for half an hour, then change to a bus. That would take one hour.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Zhang, a customer service rep, lives and works in the same high-rise. Her quick commute—albeit an extreme case--is one of the core principles of an eco-city: cut car use. Walkable streets are key too-- short city blocks, intersections that are easy to cross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area bears no resemblance to what was here just a few years ago. \"When this project was first conceived in 2007, this was just a barren site,” said Ho Tong Yen, CEO of the company developing the Tianjin Eco-city and the visionary for this $8 billion experiment. “It comprised saline and alkaline land, polluted water bodies. There was nothing inherently ‘eco’ about this site at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with the backing of the governments of China and Singapore, developers cleaned up the site. Clusters of new high-rises now dot the flat terrain here, with more under construction. There’s a mix of public housing and private, upscale apartments, all built to be energy-efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five thousand families have already bought homes here. By 2020, if plans pan out, Tianjin Eco-city will swell to 350,000--nearly the size of Oakland. This development is one of dozens of pilot projects around China spearheaded by the central government to serve as models for future cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rural Migration Fuels Urban Problems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need is urgent. In the past year, the number of people living in cities here surpassed the rural population for the first time. While this migration has fueled China’s remarkable economic boom, major cities--like Beijing—are beset with pollution and traffic congestion, which wastes energy. What’s more, commutes between home and work are often long, which means more pollution and greenhouse gases. That’s because single-use zoning often separates commercial districts from residential areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problems are sure to worsen without better planning. By 2030, as many as 300 million more Chinese are expected to move from the countryside to urban areas. That’s enough people to create 79 cities the size of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tapping California for Advice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to prepare for that, several Chinese cities have partnered with a Bay Area firm for advice. One tip they got from Peter Calthorpe, president of Calthorpe Associates, an urban design group based in Berkeley: good urban design comes first, then add clean technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the mayor of a major Chinese city asked Calthorpe to redesign an area for a million-and-a-half people, the first things to go were the really long city blocks that are typical here. \"We got in and modified the street system so there were more human-scale blocks and smaller streets everywhere,” says Calthorpe. “We mixed the land use so you didn’t have to walk very far to school, parks or stores. And we concentrated development around the transit stations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calthorpe has applied some of the same principles to projects in the Bay Area, including new developments at Alameda Point and Bay Meadows in San Mateo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How ‘Eco’ is Tianjin Eco-City?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tianjin Eco-city executive Ho Tong Yen says, \"There is no one definition of what it means to be an eco-city. So what we have done is put together a set of key performance indicators, which we think are stretch targets; they are ambitious but achievable.” Those include 20% of the town’s electricity from renewable sources (low by some standards today), and half its water from harvesting rain and other “non-traditional” sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a popular new Korean restaurant in Tianjin Eco-city, it’s lunchtime and the place is packed. The restaurant is just a couple minutes walk from apartments and offices. Eventually there will be a light rail system and a large park extending through the middle of the city. But clearly there are still some design flaws to work out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So just to get around the corner and up the street you have to walk a really long way,” says Cecilia Springer. She’s a Fulbright scholar who’s studied Tianjin Eco-city. “You can't really cut through the middle of the blocks.\" She also points out that to get to the closest major city center--in Tianjin--you have to get in a car and drive at least a half an hour. \"So one could call it a Chinese suburb,” Springer says, “and that raises a lot of questions of how green can a suburb can really be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another valid question is how many “green suburbs” it will take to arrest the environmental consequences of China’s economic growth. It’s a race against time as millions more migrate to the nation’s cities and China’s growing middle class pursues a more comfortable, “Western” lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Green building and sustainable design are a trend in California, but nowhere is the urgency greater than in China, where hundreds of millions of people are moving to cities in pursuit of a better life.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443824461,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1070},"headData":{"title":"China Tries Greening from the Ground Up | KQED","description":"Green building and sustainable design are a trend in California, but nowhere is the urgency greater than in China, where hundreds of millions of people are moving to cities in pursuit of a better life.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"China Tries Greening from the Ground Up","datePublished":"2012-10-19T18:00:16.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T22:21:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"46098 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=46098","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/19/china-tries-greening-from-the-ground-up/","disqusTitle":"China Tries Greening from the Ground Up","path":"/quest/46098/china-tries-greening-from-the-ground-up","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/10/20121022science.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/10/20121022science.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46106\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 323px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-46106 \" title=\"Tianjinpanorama640x360\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Tianjinpanorama640x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"323\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Tianjinpanorama640x360.jpg 673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Tianjinpanorama640x360-400x219.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Tianjinpanorama640x360-672x369.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 323px) 100vw, 323px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sustainable city built from scratch: That's what developers are aiming for with Tianjin Eco-city. Photo: Marjorie Sun\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From green building rules to carpool privileges for electric cars, California has moved in recent years to plan for a more sustainable future. It’s a trend here, but nowhere is the urgency greater than in China, where hundreds of millions of people are moving to cities in pursuit of a better life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China’s urbanization has come at a tremendous cost: pollution, traffic congestion, surging energy use and more carbon dioxide emissions. Now, China is partnering with experts in the Bay Area on a huge experiment—building new cities to be environmentally sustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>China’s Eco-city Showcase\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhang Xi is a pretty, willowy woman. And she’s an urban pioneer. She and her family are among the first tenants of Tianjin Eco-city, a showcase for China’s push to build sustainable cities from scratch. Zhang moved here from Beijing, about an hour to the north by bullet train. She was enticed by a new job and a shorter commute to work. Much shorter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just three minutes by elevator, so it's really convenient,” Zhang told me through a translator. She \"used to take the subway for half an hour, then change to a bus. That would take one hour.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Zhang, a customer service rep, lives and works in the same high-rise. Her quick commute—albeit an extreme case--is one of the core principles of an eco-city: cut car use. Walkable streets are key too-- short city blocks, intersections that are easy to cross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area bears no resemblance to what was here just a few years ago. \"When this project was first conceived in 2007, this was just a barren site,” said Ho Tong Yen, CEO of the company developing the Tianjin Eco-city and the visionary for this $8 billion experiment. “It comprised saline and alkaline land, polluted water bodies. There was nothing inherently ‘eco’ about this site at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with the backing of the governments of China and Singapore, developers cleaned up the site. Clusters of new high-rises now dot the flat terrain here, with more under construction. There’s a mix of public housing and private, upscale apartments, all built to be energy-efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five thousand families have already bought homes here. By 2020, if plans pan out, Tianjin Eco-city will swell to 350,000--nearly the size of Oakland. This development is one of dozens of pilot projects around China spearheaded by the central government to serve as models for future cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rural Migration Fuels Urban Problems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need is urgent. In the past year, the number of people living in cities here surpassed the rural population for the first time. While this migration has fueled China’s remarkable economic boom, major cities--like Beijing—are beset with pollution and traffic congestion, which wastes energy. What’s more, commutes between home and work are often long, which means more pollution and greenhouse gases. That’s because single-use zoning often separates commercial districts from residential areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problems are sure to worsen without better planning. By 2030, as many as 300 million more Chinese are expected to move from the countryside to urban areas. That’s enough people to create 79 cities the size of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tapping California for Advice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to prepare for that, several Chinese cities have partnered with a Bay Area firm for advice. One tip they got from Peter Calthorpe, president of Calthorpe Associates, an urban design group based in Berkeley: good urban design comes first, then add clean technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the mayor of a major Chinese city asked Calthorpe to redesign an area for a million-and-a-half people, the first things to go were the really long city blocks that are typical here. \"We got in and modified the street system so there were more human-scale blocks and smaller streets everywhere,” says Calthorpe. “We mixed the land use so you didn’t have to walk very far to school, parks or stores. And we concentrated development around the transit stations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calthorpe has applied some of the same principles to projects in the Bay Area, including new developments at Alameda Point and Bay Meadows in San Mateo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How ‘Eco’ is Tianjin Eco-City?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tianjin Eco-city executive Ho Tong Yen says, \"There is no one definition of what it means to be an eco-city. So what we have done is put together a set of key performance indicators, which we think are stretch targets; they are ambitious but achievable.” Those include 20% of the town’s electricity from renewable sources (low by some standards today), and half its water from harvesting rain and other “non-traditional” sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a popular new Korean restaurant in Tianjin Eco-city, it’s lunchtime and the place is packed. The restaurant is just a couple minutes walk from apartments and offices. Eventually there will be a light rail system and a large park extending through the middle of the city. But clearly there are still some design flaws to work out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So just to get around the corner and up the street you have to walk a really long way,” says Cecilia Springer. She’s a Fulbright scholar who’s studied Tianjin Eco-city. “You can't really cut through the middle of the blocks.\" She also points out that to get to the closest major city center--in Tianjin--you have to get in a car and drive at least a half an hour. \"So one could call it a Chinese suburb,” Springer says, “and that raises a lot of questions of how green can a suburb can really be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another valid question is how many “green suburbs” it will take to arrest the environmental consequences of China’s economic growth. It’s a race against time as millions more migrate to the nation’s cities and China’s growing middle class pursues a more comfortable, “Western” lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/46098/china-tries-greening-from-the-ground-up","authors":["10391"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_1263","quest_11194","quest_13203","quest_11541","quest_11536"],"featImg":"quest_46113","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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