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He is also Creative Director and co-owner at The Change Creation. Sami contributes regularly to TreeHugger and Mother Nature Network. You can also find his musings at ETSY Blog, NC Sustainability Center, HuffPost Green and Don't Sell Bodies. When he's not busy writing, he's probably obsessing over his compost pile.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c0fca58980f50c7a59577a29dd71d6d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sami Grover | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c0fca58980f50c7a59577a29dd71d6d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c0fca58980f50c7a59577a29dd71d6d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sami"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_55886":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_55886","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"55886","score":null,"sort":[1387292442000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"litterati-digital-landfill","title":"#Digital Landfill","publishDate":1387292442,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64807\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-64807\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati users often take an artistic approach to their posts. Batteries and bottle caps become inspiration for Instagram updates. Source: Litterati\" width=\"640\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640-400x133.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati users often take an artistic approach to their posts. Batteries and bottle caps become inspiration for Instagram updates. Source: Litterati\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anyone who has been mushroom hunting will be familiar with the experience of walking for hours and not seeing a single specimen. Yet the minute you locate your first mushroom, they suddenly appear everywhere. Known interchangeably as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.damninteresting.com/the-baader-meinhof-phenomenon/\">Baader-Meinhof phenomenon\u003c/a> and the frequency illusion, such shifts in perception are the result of our brain’s extraordinary capacity to spot and interpret patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once we notice something, we’re much more likely to take note when we come across it again. Without realizing it, we’ve had a shift in consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64755\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64755\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/1-253x253.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati founder Jeff Kirshner tags a piece of litter in Oakland, CA.\" width=\"253\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati founder Jeff Kirshner tags a piece of litter in Oakland, CA.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For tech entrepreneur Jeff Kirschner, this phenomenon may hold the key to solving a uniquely modern problem -- litter. It all started when he took a walk in the woods with his children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My daughter noticed a plastic tub of kitty litter in a creek. ‘Daaaaddy, that doesn't go there.’ That was an eye-opening moment for me,” Kirschner said. “We have become desensitized to trash. Litter is so ubiquitous that for most of us it just fades into the background.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our culture’s tendency to litter has wide-reaching consequences. According to a recent study \u003ca href=\"http://www.statisticbrain.com/littering-statistics/\">over 75 percent of us admit to littering\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s the big deal? When litter doesn't make it to a recycling center or trash bin, it ends up in the natural world. For example, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X12005668\">Plymouth University study\u003c/a> found that one-third of fish caught in the English Channel were contaminated with microplastics in their intestinal tracts, something to think about over your next plate of fish and chips! Because we humans sit toward the top of the food chain, any contamination of fish or animals eventually works its way back up to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 252px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Floating-Lightbulb.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-64539 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Floating-Lightbulb-252x253.jpg\" alt=\"A light bulb moment for #Litterati user @goproinparadise. This image was taken off the coast of Koh Phi Phi, Thailand.\" width=\"252\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A light bulb moment for #Litterati user @goproinparadise. This image was taken off the coast of Koh Phi Phi, Thailand.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kirschner started thinking about how technology might make a difference, and the result was \u003ca href=\"http://www.litterati.org/index.php\">Litterati\u003c/a>, a new kind of social network based on a shared determination to see and take responsibility for the mess that we have created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was reminded of being a kid at summer camp,” he said. “Our director would instruct us to each pick up five pieces of trash. Suddenly you had 200 kids each picking up five pieces, and within a few minutes we had a much cleaner camp. So my idea was to apply that same crowdsource-cleaning behavior to the entire planet. That was the inspiration for Litterati.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using smart phones, Litterati users take photos of trash. They share them via Instagram using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"http://instagram.com/litterati\">#litterati\u003c/a>, and then they dispose of the trash responsibly. The result is an ever-growing “virtual landfill,” which serves as a striking reminder of just how much we waste as a culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">As a recent recruit, I can attest that the experience is surprisingly addictive, and I can report a distinct shift in perception. Once you start photographing cigarette packets on the sidewalk or Coke cans in a ditch, you also start noticing what else is being thrown away -- old bandages, store receipts, condoms, beer cans -- and you are confronted with an unavoidable realization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This stuff is literally \u003cstrong>everywhere.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64815\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Global-Map850.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Global-Map850-450x232.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati users across the world have documented - and presumably discarded - over 27,000 pieces of trash.\" width=\"450\" height=\"232\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati users across the world have documented - and presumably discarded - over 27,000 pieces of trash. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Litterati doesn’t just help us see litter -- it also empowers users to do something about it. By creating a community of like-minded activists, Litterati helps normalize the act of picking up other people’s trash. Crucially, by mapping where litter is occurring and what it consists of, it also creates an important feedback loop for companies and municipalities to better understand the scope of the problem and to take more effective action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Kirschner explained, the site has already attracted some productive partnerships, “Last year on Earth Day we partnered with Whole Foods. Anyone who picked up one piece of litter could show their Litterati photograph and get a free cup of coffee. During this year's California Coastal Cleanup we partnered with the California Coastal Commission and Chipotle and ran a photo contest. And this past month we ran a contest with the NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) to help fight plastic pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where Litterati goes from here remains to be seen. It has already garnered attention from media outlets like \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/10/16/change-agents-jeff-kirschner-litterati/2953709/\">USA Today\u003c/a>, and there are ideas to “gamify” the platform to encourage friendly competition among users and even communities. Kirschner enthusiastically imagines a competitive Litterati-empowered trash pickup among communities across the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, though, Kirschner insisted that Litterati is about cooperation, not competition, and taking positive action, not pointing fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to create a “litter-free world,” he said, “but I’m well aware that picking up litter doesn’t solve our trash problem. It does serve to shift consciousness, though, and we can use that newfound consciousness to inspire action from our neighbors, our communities, our governments, and the corporations we buy from, too.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Can an Instagram trend create a litter-free world? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1387228305,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":899},"headData":{"title":"#Digital Landfill | KQED","description":"Can an Instagram trend create a litter-free world? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"#Digital Landfill","datePublished":"2013-12-17T15:00:42.000Z","dateModified":"2013-12-16T21:11:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"55886 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=55886","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/17/litterati-digital-landfill/","disqusTitle":"#Digital Landfill","path":"/quest/55886/litterati-digital-landfill","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64807\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-64807\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati users often take an artistic approach to their posts. Batteries and bottle caps become inspiration for Instagram updates. Source: Litterati\" width=\"640\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640-400x133.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati users often take an artistic approach to their posts. Batteries and bottle caps become inspiration for Instagram updates. Source: Litterati\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anyone who has been mushroom hunting will be familiar with the experience of walking for hours and not seeing a single specimen. Yet the minute you locate your first mushroom, they suddenly appear everywhere. Known interchangeably as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.damninteresting.com/the-baader-meinhof-phenomenon/\">Baader-Meinhof phenomenon\u003c/a> and the frequency illusion, such shifts in perception are the result of our brain’s extraordinary capacity to spot and interpret patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once we notice something, we’re much more likely to take note when we come across it again. Without realizing it, we’ve had a shift in consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64755\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64755\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/1-253x253.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati founder Jeff Kirshner tags a piece of litter in Oakland, CA.\" width=\"253\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati founder Jeff Kirshner tags a piece of litter in Oakland, CA.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For tech entrepreneur Jeff Kirschner, this phenomenon may hold the key to solving a uniquely modern problem -- litter. It all started when he took a walk in the woods with his children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My daughter noticed a plastic tub of kitty litter in a creek. ‘Daaaaddy, that doesn't go there.’ That was an eye-opening moment for me,” Kirschner said. “We have become desensitized to trash. Litter is so ubiquitous that for most of us it just fades into the background.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our culture’s tendency to litter has wide-reaching consequences. According to a recent study \u003ca href=\"http://www.statisticbrain.com/littering-statistics/\">over 75 percent of us admit to littering\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s the big deal? When litter doesn't make it to a recycling center or trash bin, it ends up in the natural world. For example, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X12005668\">Plymouth University study\u003c/a> found that one-third of fish caught in the English Channel were contaminated with microplastics in their intestinal tracts, something to think about over your next plate of fish and chips! Because we humans sit toward the top of the food chain, any contamination of fish or animals eventually works its way back up to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 252px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Floating-Lightbulb.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-64539 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Floating-Lightbulb-252x253.jpg\" alt=\"A light bulb moment for #Litterati user @goproinparadise. This image was taken off the coast of Koh Phi Phi, Thailand.\" width=\"252\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A light bulb moment for #Litterati user @goproinparadise. This image was taken off the coast of Koh Phi Phi, Thailand.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kirschner started thinking about how technology might make a difference, and the result was \u003ca href=\"http://www.litterati.org/index.php\">Litterati\u003c/a>, a new kind of social network based on a shared determination to see and take responsibility for the mess that we have created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was reminded of being a kid at summer camp,” he said. “Our director would instruct us to each pick up five pieces of trash. Suddenly you had 200 kids each picking up five pieces, and within a few minutes we had a much cleaner camp. So my idea was to apply that same crowdsource-cleaning behavior to the entire planet. That was the inspiration for Litterati.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using smart phones, Litterati users take photos of trash. They share them via Instagram using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"http://instagram.com/litterati\">#litterati\u003c/a>, and then they dispose of the trash responsibly. The result is an ever-growing “virtual landfill,” which serves as a striking reminder of just how much we waste as a culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">As a recent recruit, I can attest that the experience is surprisingly addictive, and I can report a distinct shift in perception. Once you start photographing cigarette packets on the sidewalk or Coke cans in a ditch, you also start noticing what else is being thrown away -- old bandages, store receipts, condoms, beer cans -- and you are confronted with an unavoidable realization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This stuff is literally \u003cstrong>everywhere.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64815\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Global-Map850.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Global-Map850-450x232.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati users across the world have documented - and presumably discarded - over 27,000 pieces of trash.\" width=\"450\" height=\"232\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati users across the world have documented - and presumably discarded - over 27,000 pieces of trash. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Litterati doesn’t just help us see litter -- it also empowers users to do something about it. By creating a community of like-minded activists, Litterati helps normalize the act of picking up other people’s trash. Crucially, by mapping where litter is occurring and what it consists of, it also creates an important feedback loop for companies and municipalities to better understand the scope of the problem and to take more effective action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Kirschner explained, the site has already attracted some productive partnerships, “Last year on Earth Day we partnered with Whole Foods. Anyone who picked up one piece of litter could show their Litterati photograph and get a free cup of coffee. During this year's California Coastal Cleanup we partnered with the California Coastal Commission and Chipotle and ran a photo contest. And this past month we ran a contest with the NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) to help fight plastic pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where Litterati goes from here remains to be seen. It has already garnered attention from media outlets like \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/10/16/change-agents-jeff-kirschner-litterati/2953709/\">USA Today\u003c/a>, and there are ideas to “gamify” the platform to encourage friendly competition among users and even communities. Kirschner enthusiastically imagines a competitive Litterati-empowered trash pickup among communities across the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, though, Kirschner insisted that Litterati is about cooperation, not competition, and taking positive action, not pointing fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to create a “litter-free world,” he said, “but I’m well aware that picking up litter doesn’t solve our trash problem. It does serve to shift consciousness, though, and we can use that newfound consciousness to inspire action from our neighbors, our communities, our governments, and the corporations we buy from, too.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/55886/litterati-digital-landfill","authors":["10529"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_527","quest_12269","quest_12480","quest_1607","quest_12478","quest_12479","quest_2349","quest_3290","quest_2986","quest_10363"],"featImg":"quest_64806","label":"quest"},"quest_56992":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_56992","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"56992","score":null,"sort":[1373378412000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"from-trash-to-cash-old-landfills-yield-new-opportunities","title":"From Trash to Cash: Old Landfills Yield New Opportunities","publishDate":1373378412,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57421\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Salvage-Yard-Montana-1942-16-9.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-57421\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Salvage-Yard-Montana-1942-16-9-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lee, Russell, 1903-1986, photographer.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World War II salvage site in Butte, Montana. Photo by Russell Lee, 1942.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57422\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 164px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/SaveYourCans.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57422\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/SaveYourCans-164x253.jpg\" alt=\"By McClelland Barclay for War Production Board, Salvage Division, 1941–1942\" width=\"164\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WWII poster by McClelland Barclay for War Production Board, Salvage Division, 1941–1942. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Matt Shipman - Raleigh, NC\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States was very good at recycling during World War II. It was our patriotic duty. Families brought everything from scrap metal to old tires in to collection centers where they were used to make supplies for the war effort. But when the war ended, so did recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the late 1940s to the early 1970s, Americans were making (and buying) things but not recycling them. We made refrigerators the size of cars and cars the size of boats. And when a product was broken, or even if it wasn’t, it was thrown away. Used cars, refrigerators, mountains of cans, and countless other household products found their way into junkyards and landfills. Now, we may want them back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s why: resources, such as metals, are becoming more and more expensive. A pound of copper set you back less than a dollar in 2000. Since then, copper prices have more than tripled, reaching a high of $3.92 per pound in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is likely that, in the distant future, landfills will become very valuable sources of many raw materials,” says Jamie Caswell, a spokesperson for the National Mining Association. “We are not there yet, though -- at least not in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other countries \u003cstrong>are \u003c/strong>there. The Belgian waste management company Group Machiels has \u003ca href=\"http://www.machiels.com/company-detail.aspx?ID=885c55e0-f3b6-4fe6-aa25-1fa7bfc312dd\">announced plans\u003c/a> to mine a landfill east of Brussels. Group Machiels estimates that 45 percent of the material in the landfill can be recycled, with the remainder to be converted into gas that can be used as a fuel source -- calling to mind images of \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HYoq6vIVXc\">Doc Brown fueling his time machine\u003c/a> in the film \u003cstrong>Back to the Future\u003c/strong>\u003cem>.\u003c/em> The process, called \u003ca href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/plasma-converter.htm\">plasmification\u003c/a>, uses extremely high temperatures to break organic material down into a sort of synthetic version of natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57448\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Mt_Trashmore_kingkog911.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57448\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Mt_Trashmore_kingkog911-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Mt. Trashmore encompasses 165 acres in Virginia Beach, VA. Photo courtesy: King Kong 911 (link to flickr page: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sonypic/\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mount Trashmore Park encompasses 165 acres in Virginia Beach, VA. Photo courtesy: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/sonypic/\">King Kong 911\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What obstacles exist to landfill mining in the United States? For one thing, many older landfill sites have been developed, making them essentially inaccessible for mining operations. For example, in the 1970s, a landfill in Virginia Beach, Virginia was turned into a popular 165-acre recreation area called \u003ca href=\"http://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/parks-recreation/parks-trails/city-parks/Pages/mount-trashmore-park.aspx\">Mount Trashmore Park. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another challenge is the lack of precedent: with no federal landfill-mining laws on the books, there is uncertainty about how the process might be regulated. And companies hate uncertainty -- it’s hard to plan for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally, as any fan of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_Wars\">\u003cstrong>Storage Wars\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem> \u003c/em>will tell you, there is always a risk when bidding on something sight unseen. Companies want assurance that they will turn a profit, and that depends on what exactly is buried in a landfill. If it contains a lot of metal, it might be a good investment. If it’s full of old sofas and polystyrene fast-food containers, it is more likely to lose money. And if the mining uncovers asbestos or other hazardous materials, a company could find itself saddled with the costly task of disposing of hazardous waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that we don’t have a lot of information about what exactly is in our landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is only in recent years that accurate knowledge, and then only in broad terms, is available to assess what wastes a landfill site may contain,” according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iswa.org%2Findex.php%3FeID%3Dtx_iswaknowledgebase_download%26documentUid%3D3154&ei=RFK7UbmTOY3w8ATiiYCIAQ&usg=AFQjCNERHnQyaTPdML4wUfOagculUy4swg&sig2=y_S9E-f\">an issue paper\u003c/a> on landfill mining released by the International Solid Waste Association. And since those evaluation techniques are essential to estimate both profit and risk, they may need to improve before companies opt to pursue landfill mining in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, if the cost of metals continues to rise, some companies may decide the risk is worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We made use of old materials in the 1940s because it was the patriotic thing to do. We may do the same in the 21st century because it is the practical thing to do. It might even be profitable, and there’s nothing more American than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57451\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 535px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/UN-Landfill-image.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-57451 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/UN-Landfill-image-535x360.jpg\" alt=\"UN Photo/Evan Schneider\" width=\"535\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Americans generate 250 million tons of trash each year, according to the EPA. United Nations photo by Evan Schneider\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As resources become more expensive, America may start mining its landfills for raw materials. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1373378420,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":729},"headData":{"title":"From Trash to Cash: Old Landfills Yield New Opportunities | KQED","description":"As resources become more expensive, America may start mining its landfills for raw materials. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"From Trash to Cash: Old Landfills Yield New Opportunities","datePublished":"2013-07-09T14:00:12.000Z","dateModified":"2013-07-09T14:00:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"56992 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=56992","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/07/09/from-trash-to-cash-old-landfills-yield-new-opportunities/","disqusTitle":"From Trash to Cash: Old Landfills Yield New Opportunities","path":"/quest/56992/from-trash-to-cash-old-landfills-yield-new-opportunities","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57421\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Salvage-Yard-Montana-1942-16-9.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-57421\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Salvage-Yard-Montana-1942-16-9-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lee, Russell, 1903-1986, photographer.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World War II salvage site in Butte, Montana. Photo by Russell Lee, 1942.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57422\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 164px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/SaveYourCans.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57422\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/SaveYourCans-164x253.jpg\" alt=\"By McClelland Barclay for War Production Board, Salvage Division, 1941–1942\" width=\"164\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WWII poster by McClelland Barclay for War Production Board, Salvage Division, 1941–1942. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Matt Shipman - Raleigh, NC\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States was very good at recycling during World War II. It was our patriotic duty. Families brought everything from scrap metal to old tires in to collection centers where they were used to make supplies for the war effort. But when the war ended, so did recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the late 1940s to the early 1970s, Americans were making (and buying) things but not recycling them. We made refrigerators the size of cars and cars the size of boats. And when a product was broken, or even if it wasn’t, it was thrown away. Used cars, refrigerators, mountains of cans, and countless other household products found their way into junkyards and landfills. Now, we may want them back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s why: resources, such as metals, are becoming more and more expensive. A pound of copper set you back less than a dollar in 2000. Since then, copper prices have more than tripled, reaching a high of $3.92 per pound in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is likely that, in the distant future, landfills will become very valuable sources of many raw materials,” says Jamie Caswell, a spokesperson for the National Mining Association. “We are not there yet, though -- at least not in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other countries \u003cstrong>are \u003c/strong>there. The Belgian waste management company Group Machiels has \u003ca href=\"http://www.machiels.com/company-detail.aspx?ID=885c55e0-f3b6-4fe6-aa25-1fa7bfc312dd\">announced plans\u003c/a> to mine a landfill east of Brussels. Group Machiels estimates that 45 percent of the material in the landfill can be recycled, with the remainder to be converted into gas that can be used as a fuel source -- calling to mind images of \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HYoq6vIVXc\">Doc Brown fueling his time machine\u003c/a> in the film \u003cstrong>Back to the Future\u003c/strong>\u003cem>.\u003c/em> The process, called \u003ca href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/plasma-converter.htm\">plasmification\u003c/a>, uses extremely high temperatures to break organic material down into a sort of synthetic version of natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57448\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Mt_Trashmore_kingkog911.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57448\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Mt_Trashmore_kingkog911-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Mt. Trashmore encompasses 165 acres in Virginia Beach, VA. Photo courtesy: King Kong 911 (link to flickr page: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sonypic/\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mount Trashmore Park encompasses 165 acres in Virginia Beach, VA. Photo courtesy: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/sonypic/\">King Kong 911\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What obstacles exist to landfill mining in the United States? For one thing, many older landfill sites have been developed, making them essentially inaccessible for mining operations. For example, in the 1970s, a landfill in Virginia Beach, Virginia was turned into a popular 165-acre recreation area called \u003ca href=\"http://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/parks-recreation/parks-trails/city-parks/Pages/mount-trashmore-park.aspx\">Mount Trashmore Park. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another challenge is the lack of precedent: with no federal landfill-mining laws on the books, there is uncertainty about how the process might be regulated. And companies hate uncertainty -- it’s hard to plan for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally, as any fan of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_Wars\">\u003cstrong>Storage Wars\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem> \u003c/em>will tell you, there is always a risk when bidding on something sight unseen. Companies want assurance that they will turn a profit, and that depends on what exactly is buried in a landfill. If it contains a lot of metal, it might be a good investment. If it’s full of old sofas and polystyrene fast-food containers, it is more likely to lose money. And if the mining uncovers asbestos or other hazardous materials, a company could find itself saddled with the costly task of disposing of hazardous waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that we don’t have a lot of information about what exactly is in our landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is only in recent years that accurate knowledge, and then only in broad terms, is available to assess what wastes a landfill site may contain,” according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iswa.org%2Findex.php%3FeID%3Dtx_iswaknowledgebase_download%26documentUid%3D3154&ei=RFK7UbmTOY3w8ATiiYCIAQ&usg=AFQjCNERHnQyaTPdML4wUfOagculUy4swg&sig2=y_S9E-f\">an issue paper\u003c/a> on landfill mining released by the International Solid Waste Association. And since those evaluation techniques are essential to estimate both profit and risk, they may need to improve before companies opt to pursue landfill mining in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, if the cost of metals continues to rise, some companies may decide the risk is worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We made use of old materials in the 1940s because it was the patriotic thing to do. We may do the same in the 21st century because it is the practical thing to do. It might even be profitable, and there’s nothing more American than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57451\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 535px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/UN-Landfill-image.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-57451 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/UN-Landfill-image-535x360.jpg\" alt=\"UN Photo/Evan Schneider\" width=\"535\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Americans generate 250 million tons of trash each year, according to the EPA. United Nations photo by Evan Schneider\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/56992/from-trash-to-cash-old-landfills-yield-new-opportunities","authors":["10464"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_6","quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_984","quest_1607","quest_1797","quest_10298","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3290","quest_12137","quest_2986","quest_10363","quest_10303"],"featImg":"quest_57421","label":"quest"},"quest_52516":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_52516","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"52516","score":null,"sort":[1366385063000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"antiques-roadshow-of-the-solar-system","title":"Antiques Roadshow of the Solar System","publishDate":1366385063,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52520\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/19/antiques-roadshow-of-the-solar-system/vikingandsagan/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52520\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vikingandsagan.jpg\" alt=\"Carl Sagan Poses with Model of Viking Lander\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-52520\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vikingandsagan.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vikingandsagan-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carl Sagan Poses with Model of Viking Lander\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Earth, evidence of past human civilization and habitation can be gleaned from the rocks, soil and some still-standing monuments of architecture large and small, but the effects over time of weathering and over longer periods of the geologic cycle tend to erode, erase and eradicate those past efforts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as a space-faring culture, we have now left our marks across the solar system on planets, moons, asteroids and in the empty space between them. Some of these “marks” are yet-functioning robotic spacecraft. Some are litter, scattered about the place like so many discarded soda cans, plastic grocery bags, depleted batteries and defunct electronic devices. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Are we trashing our solar system? Well, on the big scale of things, not much -- and at present unavoidably. It’s a big solar system and the number of expended rockets, ejected parachutes, crumpled heat shields, empty fuel tanks and just plain expired or lost robots is quite small. And there’s no economically feasible means at present to clean them up. Besides, whose backyard are they littering?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our surveillance of the reaches of our solar system grows more sophisticated, we are beginning to run across bits of “junk”. Don’t get me wrong, these are once important and highly useful equipment of exploration that we’ve left behind over the years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, the discerning eye on NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (the HiRISE camera) has spotted a couple bits of extra-Terran detritus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check this out: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-121&cid=release_2013-121\" title=\"Curiosity's Parachute Spotted by MRO\" target=\"_blank\">discarded parachute of the Curiosity lander\u003c/a>, flapping in the Martian breeze. I wondered where that ended up!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blog.moonzoo.org/2012/09/03/a-mystery-in-mare-crisium/\" title=\"Luna 24 found by LRO\" target=\"_blank\">Luna 24\u003c/a>, a robotic lunar lander from the 1970s, has been located through images by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. You can search for junk, too, at \u003ca href=\"http://www.moonzoo.org/how_to_take_part\" title=\"Moon Zoo\" target=\"_blank\">Moon Zoo\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how about this Antiques Skyshow find: The possible last resting place of one of the first robots to land on Mars, \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-132&cid=release_2013-132\" title=\"Soviet Mars 3 Lander?\" target=\"_blank\">the Soviet Mars 3 lander\u003c/a>? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some day in the future, when travel about the solar system is a routine vacationing activity, some of the sightseeing historical points of interest may be today’s space junk. I can imagine raised walkways and interpretive signs encircling the dust and wind scoured remains the long lost \u003ca href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3344693.stm\" title=\"Beagle II\" target=\"_blank\">Beagle II lander\u003c/a> on Mars, or the descent module of the Apollo 11 spacecraft on the Moon, or the Huygens lander half sunken in the super-frigid methane muds of Titan or the thoroughly scorched hulk of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/18551-venera-13.html\" title=\"Venera 13 Lander\" target=\"_blank\">Soviet Venera lander\u003c/a> on Venus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And imagine the \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/\" title=\"The Voyager Mission\" target=\"_blank\">Voyager \u003c/a>and Pioneer spacecraft, coasting outward into interstellar space, one day serving as archaeological finds by alien species living in distant star systems, in the distant future, telling them that we are here—at least, were here, anyway.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As a space-faring culture, we have now left our marks across the solar system, on planets, moons, asteroids, and in the empty space between them. Some of these “marks” are yet-functioning robotic spacecraft. Some are litter, scattered about the place like so many discarded soda cans, plastic grocery bags, depleted batteries, and defunct electronic devices. Are we trashing our solar system?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367424392,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":472},"headData":{"title":"Antiques Roadshow of the Solar System | KQED","description":"As a space-faring culture, we have now left our marks across the solar system, on planets, moons, asteroids, and in the empty space between them. Some of these “marks” are yet-functioning robotic spacecraft. Some are litter, scattered about the place like so many discarded soda cans, plastic grocery bags, depleted batteries, and defunct electronic devices. Are we trashing our solar system?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Antiques Roadshow of the Solar System","datePublished":"2013-04-19T15:24:23.000Z","dateModified":"2013-05-01T16:06:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"52516 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52516","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/19/antiques-roadshow-of-the-solar-system/","disqusTitle":"Antiques Roadshow of the Solar System","path":"/quest/52516/antiques-roadshow-of-the-solar-system","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52520\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/19/antiques-roadshow-of-the-solar-system/vikingandsagan/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52520\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vikingandsagan.jpg\" alt=\"Carl Sagan Poses with Model of Viking Lander\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-52520\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vikingandsagan.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vikingandsagan-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carl Sagan Poses with Model of Viking Lander\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Earth, evidence of past human civilization and habitation can be gleaned from the rocks, soil and some still-standing monuments of architecture large and small, but the effects over time of weathering and over longer periods of the geologic cycle tend to erode, erase and eradicate those past efforts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as a space-faring culture, we have now left our marks across the solar system on planets, moons, asteroids and in the empty space between them. Some of these “marks” are yet-functioning robotic spacecraft. Some are litter, scattered about the place like so many discarded soda cans, plastic grocery bags, depleted batteries and defunct electronic devices. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Are we trashing our solar system? Well, on the big scale of things, not much -- and at present unavoidably. It’s a big solar system and the number of expended rockets, ejected parachutes, crumpled heat shields, empty fuel tanks and just plain expired or lost robots is quite small. And there’s no economically feasible means at present to clean them up. Besides, whose backyard are they littering?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our surveillance of the reaches of our solar system grows more sophisticated, we are beginning to run across bits of “junk”. Don’t get me wrong, these are once important and highly useful equipment of exploration that we’ve left behind over the years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, the discerning eye on NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (the HiRISE camera) has spotted a couple bits of extra-Terran detritus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check this out: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-121&cid=release_2013-121\" title=\"Curiosity's Parachute Spotted by MRO\" target=\"_blank\">discarded parachute of the Curiosity lander\u003c/a>, flapping in the Martian breeze. I wondered where that ended up!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blog.moonzoo.org/2012/09/03/a-mystery-in-mare-crisium/\" title=\"Luna 24 found by LRO\" target=\"_blank\">Luna 24\u003c/a>, a robotic lunar lander from the 1970s, has been located through images by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. You can search for junk, too, at \u003ca href=\"http://www.moonzoo.org/how_to_take_part\" title=\"Moon Zoo\" target=\"_blank\">Moon Zoo\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how about this Antiques Skyshow find: The possible last resting place of one of the first robots to land on Mars, \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-132&cid=release_2013-132\" title=\"Soviet Mars 3 Lander?\" target=\"_blank\">the Soviet Mars 3 lander\u003c/a>? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some day in the future, when travel about the solar system is a routine vacationing activity, some of the sightseeing historical points of interest may be today’s space junk. I can imagine raised walkways and interpretive signs encircling the dust and wind scoured remains the long lost \u003ca href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3344693.stm\" title=\"Beagle II\" target=\"_blank\">Beagle II lander\u003c/a> on Mars, or the descent module of the Apollo 11 spacecraft on the Moon, or the Huygens lander half sunken in the super-frigid methane muds of Titan or the thoroughly scorched hulk of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/18551-venera-13.html\" title=\"Venera 13 Lander\" target=\"_blank\">Soviet Venera lander\u003c/a> on Venus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And imagine the \u003ca href=\"http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/\" title=\"The Voyager Mission\" target=\"_blank\">Voyager \u003c/a>and Pioneer spacecraft, coasting outward into interstellar space, one day serving as archaeological finds by alien species living in distant star systems, in the distant future, telling them that we are here—at least, were here, anyway.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52516/antiques-roadshow-of-the-solar-system","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_544","quest_11919","quest_11518","quest_2739","quest_2986"],"featImg":"quest_52520","label":"quest"},"quest_29665":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_29665","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"29665","score":null,"sort":[1327334842000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"methane-moves-from-landfill-to-fuel-tank","title":"Methane Moves From Landfill to Fuel Tank","publishDate":1327334842,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-29667\" title=\"HuntersPoint\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think. As garbage decomposes, it gives off \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane\">methane\u003c/a>. Methane, when floating around in the atmosphere, is a harmful greenhouse gas; it traps 20 times more heat than CO2. But methane’s other moniker is natural gas, and is an important energy source. Methane from landfills can be captured and used to generate power and fuel vehicles—often the very same garbage trucks that brought the trash to the landfill in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landfills are not just giant heaps of rotting trash. At the base and sides of a landfill, the trash is separated from the natural world by thick plastic liner, which prevents the effluvia from decomposing garbage from entering the environment and contaminating the groundwater. The trash itself is strategically stacked in layers of cells—landfills can be hundreds of feet deep. Within the landfill, different microbes break down the trash via \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion\">anaerobic digestion\u003c/a>. The microbes produce methane gas as a waste product. There are other gases produced too; this mix of gases produced by anaerobic microbes is called biogas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old landfills are punctuated by pipes that collect the biogas, which is then burned to prevent the gas from entering the atmosphere (and prevent the neighbors from smelling the stink). Open flares are just what they sound like—little burning flames of methane. Closed flares filter out the contaminants before the smoke is released. Flaring the biogas at the landfill is probably the most common way of dealing with it. But it is an unfortunate waste of a potentially valuable fuel source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newer landfills are built with methane collection in mind from the early stages of construction. Pipes can be buried in the landfill as it is filled with trash. Pipes can also be placed in wells drilled through the trash after the landfill has begun to be filled. A vacuum system collects the gas as the microbes produce it. The amount of gas a landfill produces depends on the volume of trash and the age of the landfill; eventually, the gas production will peak and then begin to taper off. Today’s big landfills, however, can produce biogas for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane collected from landfills can \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-info/index.html\">generate electricity\u003c/a> via a turbine or internal combustion engine. Often some of the electricity is used at the landfill to run equipment, and the rest is sold to the local utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane from biogas can be converted to compressed natural gas, which can be used as fuel for vehicles. In some areas, regulations stipulate that large fleets of vehicles (with more than about 50 trucks) are required to run on clean fuel. When biogas is converted to compressed natural gas, the vehicles can refuel at the landfill. Building a system that converts biogas into compressed natural gas is a big investment, but the fleet saves on fuel costs for decades. These kinds of biogas systems can be installed at anaerobic waste digesters at places like wastewater treatment plants, not just landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altamont Landfill has taken things a step further, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/11/02/BUM81AE52U.DTL\">converting landfill biogas into liquefied natural gas\u003c/a>. First, impurities are removed, and then the gas is cooled down to a liquid state. This liquefied natural gas is used to fuel Waste Management’s garbage trucks. Altamont Landfill’s liquid natural gas system is the largest in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, we should buy only what we need, recycle what we can, and be careful to compost everything that’s compostable. But it’s nice to know that something useful can come from plain old trash.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367350248,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":668},"headData":{"title":"Methane Moves From Landfill to Fuel Tank | KQED","description":"Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Methane Moves From Landfill to Fuel Tank","datePublished":"2012-01-23T16:07:22.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-30T19:30:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"29665 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=29665","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/23/methane-moves-from-landfill-to-fuel-tank/","disqusTitle":"Methane Moves From Landfill to Fuel Tank","path":"/quest/29665/methane-moves-from-landfill-to-fuel-tank","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-29667\" title=\"HuntersPoint\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think. As garbage decomposes, it gives off \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane\">methane\u003c/a>. Methane, when floating around in the atmosphere, is a harmful greenhouse gas; it traps 20 times more heat than CO2. But methane’s other moniker is natural gas, and is an important energy source. Methane from landfills can be captured and used to generate power and fuel vehicles—often the very same garbage trucks that brought the trash to the landfill in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landfills are not just giant heaps of rotting trash. At the base and sides of a landfill, the trash is separated from the natural world by thick plastic liner, which prevents the effluvia from decomposing garbage from entering the environment and contaminating the groundwater. The trash itself is strategically stacked in layers of cells—landfills can be hundreds of feet deep. Within the landfill, different microbes break down the trash via \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion\">anaerobic digestion\u003c/a>. The microbes produce methane gas as a waste product. There are other gases produced too; this mix of gases produced by anaerobic microbes is called biogas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old landfills are punctuated by pipes that collect the biogas, which is then burned to prevent the gas from entering the atmosphere (and prevent the neighbors from smelling the stink). Open flares are just what they sound like—little burning flames of methane. Closed flares filter out the contaminants before the smoke is released. Flaring the biogas at the landfill is probably the most common way of dealing with it. But it is an unfortunate waste of a potentially valuable fuel source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newer landfills are built with methane collection in mind from the early stages of construction. Pipes can be buried in the landfill as it is filled with trash. Pipes can also be placed in wells drilled through the trash after the landfill has begun to be filled. A vacuum system collects the gas as the microbes produce it. The amount of gas a landfill produces depends on the volume of trash and the age of the landfill; eventually, the gas production will peak and then begin to taper off. Today’s big landfills, however, can produce biogas for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane collected from landfills can \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-info/index.html\">generate electricity\u003c/a> via a turbine or internal combustion engine. Often some of the electricity is used at the landfill to run equipment, and the rest is sold to the local utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane from biogas can be converted to compressed natural gas, which can be used as fuel for vehicles. In some areas, regulations stipulate that large fleets of vehicles (with more than about 50 trucks) are required to run on clean fuel. When biogas is converted to compressed natural gas, the vehicles can refuel at the landfill. Building a system that converts biogas into compressed natural gas is a big investment, but the fleet saves on fuel costs for decades. These kinds of biogas systems can be installed at anaerobic waste digesters at places like wastewater treatment plants, not just landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altamont Landfill has taken things a step further, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/11/02/BUM81AE52U.DTL\">converting landfill biogas into liquefied natural gas\u003c/a>. First, impurities are removed, and then the gas is cooled down to a liquid state. This liquefied natural gas is used to fuel Waste Management’s garbage trucks. Altamont Landfill’s liquid natural gas system is the largest in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, we should buy only what we need, recycle what we can, and be careful to compost everything that’s compostable. But it’s nice to know that something useful can come from plain old trash.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/29665/methane-moves-from-landfill-to-fuel-tank","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10637","quest_10638","quest_1607","quest_1801","quest_13202","quest_2388","quest_2986"],"featImg":"quest_29667","label":"quest"},"quest_4874":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_4874","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"4874","score":null,"sort":[1264186805000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-truckers-clean-up-their-act","title":"Reporter's Notes: Truckers Clean Up Their Act","publishDate":1264186805,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Reporter’s Notes: Truckers Clean Up Their Act | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/truckers-clean-up-their-act\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/01/4-13_TruckersCleanUpTheirAct300.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The particulate from diesel trucks, which contains a number of carcinogenic compounds, can also cause lung cancer.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wondering how much soot is in your city’s air right now?\u003c/strong> Find out through the \u003ca href=\"http://gate1.baaqmd.gov/aqmet/aq.aspx\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I write this, it’s rainy outside, which is a good thing from an air quality perspective. Rain keeps the dust, or particulate matter (that’s “PM” in air quality jargon), glued to streets and cars, and out of the air. Here in San Francisco, our PM 2.5 value is seven — seven micrograms of soot for each cubic meter of air. That’s pretty clean, so breathe deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using the calendar on the left side of the page, check out the levels from January 8th — a day where the average PM 2.5 level was 52 — and you can see why the Bay Area Air Quality Management District declared January 8 a \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org/\">Spare the Air Day\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what do these numbers mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PM 2.5 refers to the smallest soot particles that air officials measure – each particle is about 1/70th the width of a human hair. These particles are so small, they’re invisible to the naked eye. They’re small enough to travel deep into the delicate alveoli, or air sacs, in our lungs, where they can cause or \u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/247\">exacerbate asthma and other breathing problems\u003c/a>. From there, they can make their way into our bloodstream, leading to heart attacks and strokes. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/NE/eco/airtox/diesel.html\">particulate from diesel trucks\u003c/a>, which contains a number of carcinogenic compounds, can also cause lung cancer. (Check out this \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/about/diesel-extra-wa.html\">excellent Q&A\u003c/a> on the hazards of diesel soot.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The black numbers describe the current level. Blue and red figures describe the change from that same hour, the day before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you look at the \u003ca href=\"http://gate1.baaqmd.gov/aqmet/aq.aspx\">chart\u003c/a>, check out the PM numbers for West Oakland, right next to the Port of Oakland. These are what \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/\">air officials\u003c/a> point to when asked to justify the \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/Divisions/Strategic-Incentives/Port-Truck-Program.aspx\">new rules\u003c/a> for Port truckers, which \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/truckers-clean-up-their-act\">this story\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/get-the-soot-out\">this one\u003c/a>, describe. A few years ago, the BAAQMD conducted a \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/ch/communities/ra/westoakland/westoakland.htm\">detailed health assessment\u003c/a> of West Oakland residents, finding cancer rates three times the Bay Area average. In this week’s radio story, we also cite a 2008 Harvard study on lung cancer rates in truckers. Here’s a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/12/09/MNFO14KAA3.DTL\">story\u003c/a> about the study, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2569090/?tool=pubmed\">study itself\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poke around the QUEST website a bit and you’ll find an abundance of media on this subject. Start with Gabriela Quiros’s terrific TV story, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/perilous-diesel\">“Perilous Diesel.”\u003c/a> Gabi’s also taken a closer look at some of the mysteries surrounding childhood asthma in another TV piece, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/asthma\">“Asthma: What Brought on the Epidemic?”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last but not least, here’s a slide show of scenes from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/truckers-clean-up-their-act\">this week’s radio QUEST story\u003c/a>, featuring characters and scenes from several sides of the campaign to reduce diesel soot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7955333 -122.2846028\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Poor air quality can exacerbate breathing problems such as asthma, as well as cause other negative health outcomes. In few places is this more apparent than West Oakland, where reporter Amy Standen investigates the amount and types of carcinogens that are being emitted by diesel trucks and new air quality rules air officials believe will turn things around.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975476,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":508},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Truckers Clean Up Their Act | KQED","description":"Poor air quality can exacerbate breathing problems such as asthma, as well as cause other negative health outcomes. In few places is this more apparent than West Oakland, where reporter Amy Standen investigates the amount and types of carcinogens that are being emitted by diesel trucks and new air quality rules air officials believe will turn things around.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: Truckers Clean Up Their Act","datePublished":"2010-01-22T19:00:05.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:44:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/4874/reporters-notes-truckers-clean-up-their-act","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/truckers-clean-up-their-act\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/01/4-13_TruckersCleanUpTheirAct300.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The particulate from diesel trucks, which contains a number of carcinogenic compounds, can also cause lung cancer.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wondering how much soot is in your city’s air right now?\u003c/strong> Find out through the \u003ca href=\"http://gate1.baaqmd.gov/aqmet/aq.aspx\">Bay Area Air Quality Management District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I write this, it’s rainy outside, which is a good thing from an air quality perspective. Rain keeps the dust, or particulate matter (that’s “PM” in air quality jargon), glued to streets and cars, and out of the air. Here in San Francisco, our PM 2.5 value is seven — seven micrograms of soot for each cubic meter of air. That’s pretty clean, so breathe deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using the calendar on the left side of the page, check out the levels from January 8th — a day where the average PM 2.5 level was 52 — and you can see why the Bay Area Air Quality Management District declared January 8 a \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org/\">Spare the Air Day\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what do these numbers mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PM 2.5 refers to the smallest soot particles that air officials measure – each particle is about 1/70th the width of a human hair. These particles are so small, they’re invisible to the naked eye. They’re small enough to travel deep into the delicate alveoli, or air sacs, in our lungs, where they can cause or \u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/247\">exacerbate asthma and other breathing problems\u003c/a>. From there, they can make their way into our bloodstream, leading to heart attacks and strokes. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/NE/eco/airtox/diesel.html\">particulate from diesel trucks\u003c/a>, which contains a number of carcinogenic compounds, can also cause lung cancer. (Check out this \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/about/diesel-extra-wa.html\">excellent Q&A\u003c/a> on the hazards of diesel soot.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The black numbers describe the current level. Blue and red figures describe the change from that same hour, the day before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you look at the \u003ca href=\"http://gate1.baaqmd.gov/aqmet/aq.aspx\">chart\u003c/a>, check out the PM numbers for West Oakland, right next to the Port of Oakland. These are what \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/\">air officials\u003c/a> point to when asked to justify the \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/Divisions/Strategic-Incentives/Port-Truck-Program.aspx\">new rules\u003c/a> for Port truckers, which \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/truckers-clean-up-their-act\">this story\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/get-the-soot-out\">this one\u003c/a>, describe. A few years ago, the BAAQMD conducted a \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/ch/communities/ra/westoakland/westoakland.htm\">detailed health assessment\u003c/a> of West Oakland residents, finding cancer rates three times the Bay Area average. In this week’s radio story, we also cite a 2008 Harvard study on lung cancer rates in truckers. Here’s a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/12/09/MNFO14KAA3.DTL\">story\u003c/a> about the study, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2569090/?tool=pubmed\">study itself\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poke around the QUEST website a bit and you’ll find an abundance of media on this subject. Start with Gabriela Quiros’s terrific TV story, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/perilous-diesel\">“Perilous Diesel.”\u003c/a> Gabi’s also taken a closer look at some of the mysteries surrounding childhood asthma in another TV piece, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/asthma\">“Asthma: What Brought on the Epidemic?”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last but not least, here’s a slide show of scenes from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/truckers-clean-up-their-act\">this week’s radio QUEST story\u003c/a>, featuring characters and scenes from several sides of the campaign to reduce diesel soot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7955333 -122.2846028\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/4874/reporters-notes-truckers-clean-up-their-act","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_117","quest_252","quest_560","quest_3351","quest_1985","quest_2046","quest_2103","quest_2105","quest_2257","quest_13206","quest_2658","quest_2764","quest_2986"],"label":"quest"},"quest_4514":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_4514","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"4514","score":null,"sort":[1260309598000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"scenes-from-the-pacific-garbage-patch","title":"Scenes from the Pacific Garbage Patch","publishDate":1260309598,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Scenes from the Pacific Garbage Patch | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/web-extra-scenes-from-the-pacific-garbage-patch\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/12/pacific_gyre_slideshow300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Hundreds of plastic fragments taken from the Eastern Garbage Patch fill a Petri dish that is also crammed with insect-like water striders and blue copepods.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to check out Lindsey’s \u003ca href=\"#slideshow\">photos of the patch on the slideshow below\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.linkedin.com/in/lindseyhoshaw\">Reporter Lindsey Hoshaw\u003c/a> recently returned from a \u003ca href=\"http://www.spot.us/stories/252-dissecting-the-great-pacific-garbage-patch\">trip to the Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. She was the only journalist on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.algalita.org/\">scientific expedition \u003c/a> led by Charles Moore, who discovered the patch 12 years ago. QUEST reporter Amy Standen talked to Lindsey about her trip to the patch and what she found there.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tell me a little bit about your trip to the Pacific Gyre. How long did it take, and what was life like onboard?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took about a week to reach the patch after we set sail from Honolulu, Hawaii. There were four other crew members besides myself: first mate Jeffery Ernst, Algalita director of research Gwen Lattin, University of North Carolina at Wilmington graduate student Bonnie Monteleone, scientist and director of UC Irvine’s Urban Water Resource Center Bill Cooper, and, of course, Captain Charles Moore, who discovered the patch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The living conditions were tight. We each had our own bunk and there was one common living area where we’d eat meals, work on our laptops, read, and generally unwind at the end of the day. The meals that Captain Moore cooked were definitely the highlight. We ate fresh Mahi Mahi and had fresh fruit and vegetables throughout most of the trip until we started running low at the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can you describe what the plastic patch looks like, as you approach it in the boat? Is it something you can see from a distance?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patch is very difficult to describe because it’s not all stuck together. Imagine if you dumped a small wastebasket full of trash in an Olympic-size swimming pool. It wouldn’t all stay in one place and it might not all float. Most of the patch is made up of tiny plastic particles that are the size of grains of rice. It’s not something that you’d “see as you approach.” In a way, there’s no single feature to approach; the boundary of the garbage patch is hard to define because there is plastic throughout the Pacific. When you’re out on the bow sometimes you won’t see anything and other days you’ll see a rapid-fire succession of empty barrels, rope, buoys, plastic water bottles, and lots of unidentifiable plastic fragments. I’ve often been asked why you can’t see the patch from Google Earth and this is precisely why: The pieces are so tiny, water isn’t a fixed feature, and many of the fragments float beneath the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Describe the moment you reached the gyre. What were your first impressions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually reaching the gyre was a little anti-climactic because we collected trash throughout the journey — not just when were in the highest accumulation zone. It’s not like driving from one state to another where you’d see the road signs and vegetation change. My impression overall was surprisingly tempered. It was strange to see toothbrushes and water bottles and a toilet seat floating in the middle of the ocean. But if you think about how much plastic we produce each year, it completely makes sense. If the average American produces over four pounds of trash a day, how can we be surprised that it’s ending up in the ocean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there any single type of plastic that seems most prominent? (E.g. plastic bags, or fishing nets?) How much of the plastic is still recognizable as a specific product?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four most common items we saw were ropes, buoys, water bottles, and 55-gallon plastic barrels. Things like umbrella handles, toilet seats, toothbrushes, and light bulbs were much less common. There seem to be more identifiable objects if you’re measuring by weight but if you’re counting the number of plastic pieces then there are many more fragments than specific products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How does it get there? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists believe most of the plastic in the gyre is from the Pacific Rim, off the coasts of North America and Asia. Some is obviously from commercial fishing vessels; the rope, nets and buoys likely drifted away from fishing operations or may have been intentionally dumped. The question about plastic’s journey from a consumer to the patch is an interesting one. I would love to see a model of how this occurs or a report that charts the path of one piece of plastic from producer to consumer to the patch. Thus far I haven’t seen this and we can’t pick up a piece of plastic from the patch and say, “here’s how this got here.” That said, here’s a likely scenario: Someone on-the-go buys a water bottle and tosses it in the trash. The trashcan happens to be full and the water bottle falls onto the sidewalk. That night it rains and the water bottle goes into a storm drain that empties into the bay. From there it is slowly sucked out to sea and ends up in the North Pacific Gyre, which keeps everything swirling together in a giant whirlpool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there any known human health effects from eating large ocean fish with high concentrations of plastic-derived toxins? And what kinds of toxins are we talking about?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously there’s a precedent for this: We’ve been warned about the inherent dangers in eating tuna that contains mercury. If we are eating large ocean fish with high concentrations of plastic-derived toxins, they may be leaking into our tissues but most table fish (the fish we eat) don’t come from the garbage patch. More research needs to be done on this subject. The types of toxins we’re talking about are DDT and PCBs, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Having seen the patch in person, does it seem feasible that the Pacific gyre (or any of the others) could ever be cleaned up? Any idea what the leading strategies might be? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am an eternal optimist, so while it would be extremely difficult to clean up, I still believe some sort of removal program may be possible. What may happen in 100 to 200 years is that we start to see this plastic as valuable once petroleum is no longer available. If rescuing the plastic becomes profitable then I could see people investing in large commercial vessels to try and clean it up. But right now I haven’t seem any clean-up endeavors that have convinced me they can remove an ocean’s worth of trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>… Or, does the focus seem to be more on understanding the patches so that we don’t keep adding to them? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the four groups I know of who are studying the patch — the Algalita Marine Research Foundation, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, Project Kaisei and the GP2 Project — the first two are devoted to research and the latter are l ways to clean up the mess. There’s so much that needs to be understood in this arena, I think research is the way to go at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For everyday citizens, our best bet is to do away with single-use disposable items like water bottles and take-out containers and plastic bags and coffee cups. I’ve started carrying around a mason jar, à la No Impact Man (http://noimpactman.typepad.com/), for coffee and restaurant leftovers. It’s just a matter of convincing ourselves that one hour of enjoyment with a disposable coffee cup is not worth a lifetime of plastic pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tune in April 20, 2010 for a new QUEST TV story, Sea of Plastic. You can also \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">listen now QUEST Radio’s story on the Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a> online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Funds for Lindsey’s trip to the garbage patch were paid in part by \u003ca href=\"http://spot.us\">Spot.us\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Quest reporter Amy Standen talks with journalist Lindsey Hoshaw, who has recently returned from a trip to the Pacific Garbage Patch, about what she found there.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975497,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1379},"headData":{"title":"Scenes from the Pacific Garbage Patch | KQED","description":"Quest reporter Amy Standen talks with journalist Lindsey Hoshaw, who has recently returned from a trip to the Pacific Garbage Patch, about what she found there.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Scenes from the Pacific Garbage Patch","datePublished":"2009-12-08T21:59:58.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:44:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/4514/scenes-from-the-pacific-garbage-patch","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/web-extra-scenes-from-the-pacific-garbage-patch\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/12/pacific_gyre_slideshow300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Hundreds of plastic fragments taken from the Eastern Garbage Patch fill a Petri dish that is also crammed with insect-like water striders and blue copepods.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to check out Lindsey’s \u003ca href=\"#slideshow\">photos of the patch on the slideshow below\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.linkedin.com/in/lindseyhoshaw\">Reporter Lindsey Hoshaw\u003c/a> recently returned from a \u003ca href=\"http://www.spot.us/stories/252-dissecting-the-great-pacific-garbage-patch\">trip to the Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. She was the only journalist on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.algalita.org/\">scientific expedition \u003c/a> led by Charles Moore, who discovered the patch 12 years ago. QUEST reporter Amy Standen talked to Lindsey about her trip to the patch and what she found there.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tell me a little bit about your trip to the Pacific Gyre. How long did it take, and what was life like onboard?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took about a week to reach the patch after we set sail from Honolulu, Hawaii. There were four other crew members besides myself: first mate Jeffery Ernst, Algalita director of research Gwen Lattin, University of North Carolina at Wilmington graduate student Bonnie Monteleone, scientist and director of UC Irvine’s Urban Water Resource Center Bill Cooper, and, of course, Captain Charles Moore, who discovered the patch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The living conditions were tight. We each had our own bunk and there was one common living area where we’d eat meals, work on our laptops, read, and generally unwind at the end of the day. The meals that Captain Moore cooked were definitely the highlight. We ate fresh Mahi Mahi and had fresh fruit and vegetables throughout most of the trip until we started running low at the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can you describe what the plastic patch looks like, as you approach it in the boat? Is it something you can see from a distance?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patch is very difficult to describe because it’s not all stuck together. Imagine if you dumped a small wastebasket full of trash in an Olympic-size swimming pool. It wouldn’t all stay in one place and it might not all float. Most of the patch is made up of tiny plastic particles that are the size of grains of rice. It’s not something that you’d “see as you approach.” In a way, there’s no single feature to approach; the boundary of the garbage patch is hard to define because there is plastic throughout the Pacific. When you’re out on the bow sometimes you won’t see anything and other days you’ll see a rapid-fire succession of empty barrels, rope, buoys, plastic water bottles, and lots of unidentifiable plastic fragments. I’ve often been asked why you can’t see the patch from Google Earth and this is precisely why: The pieces are so tiny, water isn’t a fixed feature, and many of the fragments float beneath the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Describe the moment you reached the gyre. What were your first impressions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually reaching the gyre was a little anti-climactic because we collected trash throughout the journey — not just when were in the highest accumulation zone. It’s not like driving from one state to another where you’d see the road signs and vegetation change. My impression overall was surprisingly tempered. It was strange to see toothbrushes and water bottles and a toilet seat floating in the middle of the ocean. But if you think about how much plastic we produce each year, it completely makes sense. If the average American produces over four pounds of trash a day, how can we be surprised that it’s ending up in the ocean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there any single type of plastic that seems most prominent? (E.g. plastic bags, or fishing nets?) How much of the plastic is still recognizable as a specific product?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four most common items we saw were ropes, buoys, water bottles, and 55-gallon plastic barrels. Things like umbrella handles, toilet seats, toothbrushes, and light bulbs were much less common. There seem to be more identifiable objects if you’re measuring by weight but if you’re counting the number of plastic pieces then there are many more fragments than specific products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How does it get there? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists believe most of the plastic in the gyre is from the Pacific Rim, off the coasts of North America and Asia. Some is obviously from commercial fishing vessels; the rope, nets and buoys likely drifted away from fishing operations or may have been intentionally dumped. The question about plastic’s journey from a consumer to the patch is an interesting one. I would love to see a model of how this occurs or a report that charts the path of one piece of plastic from producer to consumer to the patch. Thus far I haven’t seen this and we can’t pick up a piece of plastic from the patch and say, “here’s how this got here.” That said, here’s a likely scenario: Someone on-the-go buys a water bottle and tosses it in the trash. The trashcan happens to be full and the water bottle falls onto the sidewalk. That night it rains and the water bottle goes into a storm drain that empties into the bay. From there it is slowly sucked out to sea and ends up in the North Pacific Gyre, which keeps everything swirling together in a giant whirlpool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there any known human health effects from eating large ocean fish with high concentrations of plastic-derived toxins? And what kinds of toxins are we talking about?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously there’s a precedent for this: We’ve been warned about the inherent dangers in eating tuna that contains mercury. If we are eating large ocean fish with high concentrations of plastic-derived toxins, they may be leaking into our tissues but most table fish (the fish we eat) don’t come from the garbage patch. More research needs to be done on this subject. The types of toxins we’re talking about are DDT and PCBs, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Having seen the patch in person, does it seem feasible that the Pacific gyre (or any of the others) could ever be cleaned up? Any idea what the leading strategies might be? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am an eternal optimist, so while it would be extremely difficult to clean up, I still believe some sort of removal program may be possible. What may happen in 100 to 200 years is that we start to see this plastic as valuable once petroleum is no longer available. If rescuing the plastic becomes profitable then I could see people investing in large commercial vessels to try and clean it up. But right now I haven’t seem any clean-up endeavors that have convinced me they can remove an ocean’s worth of trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>… Or, does the focus seem to be more on understanding the patches so that we don’t keep adding to them? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the four groups I know of who are studying the patch — the Algalita Marine Research Foundation, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, Project Kaisei and the GP2 Project — the first two are devoted to research and the latter are l ways to clean up the mess. There’s so much that needs to be understood in this arena, I think research is the way to go at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For everyday citizens, our best bet is to do away with single-use disposable items like water bottles and take-out containers and plastic bags and coffee cups. I’ve started carrying around a mason jar, à la No Impact Man (http://noimpactman.typepad.com/), for coffee and restaurant leftovers. It’s just a matter of convincing ourselves that one hour of enjoyment with a disposable coffee cup is not worth a lifetime of plastic pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tune in April 20, 2010 for a new QUEST TV story, Sea of Plastic. You can also \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">listen now QUEST Radio’s story on the Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a> online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Funds for Lindsey’s trip to the garbage patch were paid in part by \u003ca href=\"http://spot.us\">Spot.us\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/4514/scenes-from-the-pacific-garbage-patch","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_117","quest_252","quest_560","quest_3351","quest_1985","quest_2046","quest_2103","quest_2105","quest_2257","quest_13206","quest_2658","quest_2764","quest_13365","quest_2986"],"label":"quest"},"quest_653":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_653","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"653","score":null,"sort":[1213891937000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"turning-plastic-bags-into-beautiful-bolsas","title":"Turning Plastic Bags into Beautiful Bolsas","publishDate":1213891937,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/06/mochilla1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And how this metamorphosis saves Monkeys!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colombia: a beautiful country, with incredible forests and diverse wildlife, but like many other countries, a trash problem. With no formal trash collection system, the forests and villages suffer from scattered plastic bags, endangering wildlife and creating a mess on village streets. One such village was Los Limites, until they came up with a most transformative solution: \u003ca title=\"Eco-Mochilas\" href=\"http://ecomochilas.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Eco-Mochilas\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eco-Mochila project was invented by the organization \u003ca title=\"proyecto titi\" href=\"http://proyectotiti.com/english/mochilas.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Proyecto Titi\u003c/a> (Project Tamarin), a dynamic conservation program that combines field research, education, and community programs in an effort to protect the endangered Cotton Top Tamarin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Eco-Mochila is a bag made from crocheting 100 plastic bags into a colorful beach bag or purse. The innovative woman who create the bags are called the Asoartesanas. They encourage villagers and school children to collect plastic bags and as they go door to door to collect, they educate the people about their local wildlife. Then, they cut the bags into strips and begin their craft. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/06/mochilla01.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eco-Mochilas are sold throughout the world at various venues and bring in a suitable salary for an artist. Of course, the collecting of thousands of plastic bags has other benefits: a more beautiful village, and a forest clear of trash, which makes a certain one-pound monkey very happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endangered \u003ca title=\"cotton top tamarin\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottontop_tamarin\" target=\"_blank\">Cotton Top Tamarin\u003c/a> is found only in the forests of Colombia. Deforestation and capture for the pet trade are the species' greatest threats. The Eco-Mochila project creates sustenance for villagers, an alternative to using the forest for such, and of course, offers a cleaner forest for all wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program has been so successful that the Asoartesanas have trained people from other countries to begin similar project in their communities...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in case this is important to their case, eco-mochilas are cute, come in different sizes, can be personalized, make great presents and are water resistant. I have three!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Eco-Mochilas\" href=\"http://proyectotiti.com/english/products-you-can-purchase.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Click here \u003c/a>to purchase an Eco-Mochila and help Cotton-Top Tamarins; and come visit the Tamarins at the Oakland Zoo anytime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1213891937,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":349},"headData":{"title":"Turning Plastic Bags into Beautiful Bolsas | KQED","description":"And how this metamorphosis saves Monkeys! Colombia: a beautiful country, with incredible forests and diverse wildlife, but like many other countries, a trash problem. With no formal trash collection system, the forests and villages suffer from scattered plastic bags, endangering wildlife and creating a mess on village streets. One such village was Los Limites, until","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Turning Plastic Bags into Beautiful Bolsas","datePublished":"2008-06-19T16:12:17.000Z","dateModified":"2008-06-19T16:12:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"653 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=653","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/06/19/turning-plastic-bags-into-beautiful-bolsas/","disqusTitle":"Turning Plastic Bags into Beautiful Bolsas","path":"/quest/653/turning-plastic-bags-into-beautiful-bolsas","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/06/mochilla1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And how this metamorphosis saves Monkeys!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colombia: a beautiful country, with incredible forests and diverse wildlife, but like many other countries, a trash problem. With no formal trash collection system, the forests and villages suffer from scattered plastic bags, endangering wildlife and creating a mess on village streets. One such village was Los Limites, until they came up with a most transformative solution: \u003ca title=\"Eco-Mochilas\" href=\"http://ecomochilas.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Eco-Mochilas\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eco-Mochila project was invented by the organization \u003ca title=\"proyecto titi\" href=\"http://proyectotiti.com/english/mochilas.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Proyecto Titi\u003c/a> (Project Tamarin), a dynamic conservation program that combines field research, education, and community programs in an effort to protect the endangered Cotton Top Tamarin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Eco-Mochila is a bag made from crocheting 100 plastic bags into a colorful beach bag or purse. The innovative woman who create the bags are called the Asoartesanas. They encourage villagers and school children to collect plastic bags and as they go door to door to collect, they educate the people about their local wildlife. Then, they cut the bags into strips and begin their craft. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/06/mochilla01.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eco-Mochilas are sold throughout the world at various venues and bring in a suitable salary for an artist. Of course, the collecting of thousands of plastic bags has other benefits: a more beautiful village, and a forest clear of trash, which makes a certain one-pound monkey very happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endangered \u003ca title=\"cotton top tamarin\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottontop_tamarin\" target=\"_blank\">Cotton Top Tamarin\u003c/a> is found only in the forests of Colombia. Deforestation and capture for the pet trade are the species' greatest threats. The Eco-Mochila project creates sustenance for villagers, an alternative to using the forest for such, and of course, offers a cleaner forest for all wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program has been so successful that the Asoartesanas have trained people from other countries to begin similar project in their communities...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in case this is important to their case, eco-mochilas are cute, come in different sizes, can be personalized, make great presents and are water resistant. I have three!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Eco-Mochilas\" href=\"http://proyectotiti.com/english/products-you-can-purchase.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Click here \u003c/a>to purchase an Eco-Mochila and help Cotton-Top Tamarins; and come visit the Tamarins at the Oakland Zoo anytime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/653/turning-plastic-bags-into-beautiful-bolsas","authors":["10178"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_230","quest_652","quest_708","quest_794","quest_920","quest_1132","quest_3351","quest_1618","quest_1687","quest_2011","quest_8358","quest_2222","quest_2224","quest_2306","quest_2322","quest_2349","quest_2986","quest_3155"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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