From High-Rise to Low Impact: A Building That Mimics a Forest
Songbirds as a Measure of Farm Sustainability
Biomimicry Abounds in the Bay Area
Kepler Scientists Find New Planetary System
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In 2010 he spent five weeks exploring the Democratic Republic of the Congo for a documentary project and developed an appreciation for the taste of curried caterpillars.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc0abc1f27f40bdc9d4e0c17fcbe26b1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["coordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Michael James Werner | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc0abc1f27f40bdc9d4e0c17fcbe26b1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc0abc1f27f40bdc9d4e0c17fcbe26b1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/michaeljameswerner"},"jaugustine":{"type":"authors","id":"10447","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10447","found":true},"name":"Jon Augustine","firstName":"Jon","lastName":"Augustine","slug":"jaugustine","email":"jaugustine@netad.unl.edu","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Associate Producer for QUEST, NET Nebraska.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a159fa0e9fcb7b7f49fd7b98792e3bdb?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["leadcoordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jon Augustine | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a159fa0e9fcb7b7f49fd7b98792e3bdb?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a159fa0e9fcb7b7f49fd7b98792e3bdb?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jaugustine"},"scotthuler":{"type":"authors","id":"10498","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10498","found":true},"name":"Scott Huler","firstName":"Scott","lastName":"Huler","slug":"scotthuler","email":"huler@mac.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Scott Huler's most recent book of nonfiction was \"On the Grid,\" about the infrastructure systems that make our lives possible. He contributes to \"\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/plugged-in/\">Plugged In\u003c/a> on the Scientific American Blog Network. He lives in Raleigh, NC, with his family.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/294bf1e3e0e9fbf3a7aafea0cd8f474a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Scott Huler | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/294bf1e3e0e9fbf3a7aafea0cd8f474a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/294bf1e3e0e9fbf3a7aafea0cd8f474a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/scotthuler"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_305258":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_305258","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"305258","score":null,"sort":[1684975380000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"go-big-green-stanford-lightens-its-carbon-load-2","title":"Go Big Green: Stanford Lightens Its Carbon Load","publishDate":1684975380,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Go Big Green: Stanford Lightens Its Carbon Load | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-044b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A view of Stanford’s campus, taken from Hoover Tower. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Originally reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1888, when famed landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted drafted his master plan for \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University \u003c/a>in Palo Alto, he drew the academic buildings along an east-west axis to efficiently make use of heat and light from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, more than 100 years later, a new generation of eco-centric builders and designers are embarking on a $250 million project to raise, retrofit and re-power buildings across the 8,000-acre campus, in the hopes of slashing Stanford’s greenhouse gas emissions to 20 percent below 1990 levels in just 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan tackles energy demand in existing and new buildings, while also laying the groundwork for a new energy supply loop that powers, heats and cools the 125 biggest buildings on the main campus. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of the most far-reaching efforts in the nation for a major research university to make a total transformation of a complete campus energy system”, said Joe Stagner, a civil engineer who directs Stanford’s Department of Sustainability and Energy Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the steep price tag, the university estimates that by going greener it will save be saving lots of green – $639 million by 2050 through lower utility bills and operating costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the plan, which received preliminary approval by the Stanford Board of Trustees last fall, the energy savings are expected to build up with time. By 2050, the campus is projected to emit only 50 percent of the greenhouse gases it emitted in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that’s a minimum, it doesn’t mean that we’re going to stop at 50 percent”, said Fahmida Ahmed, manager of \u003ca href=\"http://sustainable.stanford.edu/index.php\">sustainability programs\u003c/a> at Stanford. She and Stagner wrote the new \u003ca href=\"http://sustainablestanford.stanford.edu/sites/sem.stanford.edu/files/documents/StanfordEnergyandClimatePlan_11-10.pdf\">energy and climate plan\u003c/a> that serves as the university’s sustainability roadmap and presented it to the Trustees in October 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Stanford has pursued recycling, composting and energy efficiency since the 1980s, until just a few years ago, it lacked a single, cohesive campaign to shrink the university’s carbon footprint – a task made more urgent by Stanford’s steady growth spurts. By 2025, two million square feet of new academic buildings and housing are expected to be built for 2,400 additional faculty, staff and students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole idea to attack greenhouse gases gained momentum in 2006 and 2007,” said Stagner. “University stakeholders, including faculty from the Woods Institute to members of Students for a Sustainable Stanford and faculty and even some alumni, all of them let the university’s leadership know that they wanted Stanford to be more sustainable”, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, the campus generates 262,000 metric tons – nearly 580 million pounds – of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases each year through direct sources such as generating electricity each day at an aging campus power plant, and indirect sources such as airline trips and commuting miles driven by faculty and staff. If no new initiatives are undertaken, pursuing instead a “business-as-usual” level of energy consumption and energy generation, Stanford is expected to produce 325,000 metric tons of greenhouse gases by 2020 and nearly 400,000 metric tons by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stagner and his team realized early on that energy conservation improvements alone could not achieve substantial greenhouse gas reductions for a campus growing at such a fast clip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to come up with a comprehensive energy model that includes energy demand on one side and energy supply on the other side to inform how to best prioritize our work, to see what had the best return, environmentally, and the best bang for our buck”, said Stagner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest environmental gains, his team discovered, would come from overhauling the campus’ natural gas-fired power plant which has operated for more than 20 years and accounts for nearly 90 percent of the campus’ greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Stanford is situated in a Mediterranean climate, many of its buildings need simultaneous cooling and heating. Currently, the cooling system pipes chilled water into buildings to cool them and also remove excess heat that builds up inside them. As the water extracts the unwanted heat from buildings, it warms and is piped back to the central energy facility where massive cooling towers exhaust the excess heat from the water into the atmosphere. The loop continues, with the water being re-chilled at the central energy facility and sent back out to the buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conversely, heat and hot water are supplied to buildings in a separate loop. It uses steam, which is made as a byproduct of burning natural gas to generate electricity to power the buildings. The steam cools into hot water after it has been sent to the buildings, and then it is sent back to the central energy facility, where it is reheated and sent back out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2008, during a year-long audit of the campus’ hour-by-hour energy use, Stagner experienced an ‘a-ha moment.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I took a look at the data and saw that the potential for reusing the waste heat to heat the campus was much larger than we had hoped for and got very excited about the possibilities,” said Stagner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stagner realized that nearly half of the campus’ heating needs can be met through bypassing the cooling towers and reusing most of the heat which would otherwise be exhausted into the air. This new scheme of heat recovery is being called “regeneration.” Through it, the campus will also cut its water use by nearly 20 percent since less water would be used by the cooling towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project won’t happen overnight, however. It will take five to 10 years, and university crews will have to dig up 10 miles of underground pipes that are currently designed to distribute steam – not hot water — to buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When all of that is finished, the campus will be able to burn less natural gas to make electricity and will instead be able to buy electricity from utilities or from direct suppliers using renewables like solar and wind to green up the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity will power up to five new multimillion-dollar “heat recovery chillers.” The machines will form the backbone of the new energy loop, where warm water that would have been sent to the cooling towers instead will now be sent for further reheating and piped back out as 170-degree water to provide heat and hot water to buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of this year, Stagner will present to Stanford’s trustees an update of the heat recovery system and the broader energy and climate plan, which is receiving one last peer review to see if further greenhouse gas reductions are possible under it. But he and his team are already moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-006b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Stanford’s new heat exchange unit. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://sustainablestanford.stanford.edu/heat_recovery\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/Stanford_steamhot-water-conversion_b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Campus map showing the buildings where pipes carrying steam will need to be replaced by pipes carrying hot water. Photo and image copyright Stanford University\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a patch of land behind Memorial Auditorium, for the past six months, workers have been installing a $750,000 heat exchange station next to Stanford’s new business school, the Knight Management Center, which will open later this year. The station is needed to convert the steam currently made by the campus power plant to hot water, which will then be distributed through new pipes snaking underground that will serve 12 new and existing buildings when it fires up next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other universities, including the University of Rochester in New York and Auburn University in Alabama, also have converted from steam to hot water to meet their heating needs, but not to the extent Stanford plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the engineering plans, Stanford also is working to change the behavior of its students, professors and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We live in an eco-minded area,” said Ahmed, whose office worked with students to create a \u003ca href=\"http://sustainable.stanford.edu/sites/sustainable.stanford.edu/files/documents/SustainableLiving_at_Stanford_New.pdf\"> guide to sustainable living\u003c/a> that describes how to reduce water and electricity use and act sustainably beyond the dorms and dining halls. “But for conservation to be a part of daily experience there needs to be incentives that we relate to and feel encouraged about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Stanford program, for example, establishes an annual baseline of average kilowatt-hours used for an individual school or administrative unit based on past consumption trends. Then, it allows that school or unit to keep whatever money is saved if it falls under its budget for energy spending. In three years, the program yielded a three percent decrease in energy use and $830,000 for the energy-saving participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a penalty component was added, so now departments that go over their budgets are supposed to pay back to the university the cost of excess electricity they used. The Office of Sustainability wouldn’t reveal which departments were penalized, pointing out instead that “there are sometimes valid reasons for their energy usage going up” and that the budgets for electricity use “can and will be revised over time as a trend appears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If an academic department isn’t responsible for its energy expenditures or budget, it is in the same position as a renter in an apartment who isn’t responsible for paying for the utilities. The renter has no incentive for energy efficiency or water efficiency. It’s just human nature,” said Stanley Young, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board, in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford junior Ishan Nath wrote an \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanforddaily.com/2009/11/09/editorial-extend-energy-incentives-to-student-residences/\">editorial last fall in \u003cem>The Stanford Daily\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, calling for an expansion of the incentive program so students could pocket some of the cost savings from lower energy use in their dorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems that the double benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions while saving money is something we should be taking advantage of in any place we can and I think it’s really important that Stanford is leading in this direction,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another key part of the Stanford plan to reduce greenhouse emissions is to retrofit existing buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are nearly 200 buildings on campus that are larger than 20,000 square feet, roughly the size of a small supermarket. A 2004 study found that 12 buildings accounted for 33% of the campus’ electricity use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We put together a new program to look at a single building in detail and go top to bottom and find energy savings opportunities,” said Scott Gould, a senior energy engineer with the Department of Sustainability and Energy Management who oversees the Whole Building Retrofit Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, the campus approved $15 million in funding to retrofit these energy-intensive buildings, many of which contain research labs built in the 1960s, ‘70s and ‘80s. Some have annual energy bills of $2 million to $3 million each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two building retrofits are currently taking place, one at Gilbert Hall, which houses the biology department, and the other at the Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine. The fume hoods in them are being fitted with valves that can more efficiently regulate the flow and exhaust of air, so that instead of 10 air exchanges in an hour, there may only be six or eight. New valves also will control the total amount of air supplied to a room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a technology that wasn’t available in the ‘70s”, said Gould, whose job is compounded by the fact that the retrofit work needs to typically take place over short periods of time to minimize the impact to the still-active labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s easier to design super-energy efficient buildings from the start than going back and retrofitting old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-026b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A view of the Y2E2 building. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The greenest building on Stanford’s campus – and a model for future construction – is the Jerry Yang and Akiko Yamazaki Energy + Environment Building, known as “Y2E2.” Opened in 2008, the four-story, L-shaped building uses 38 percent less energy and 90 percent less total water than older buildings – the latter feat accomplished in part by using recycled water for flushing toilets and rainwater for irrigating landscaping. Four atriums funnel natural light through angled skylights, and they also serve as the building’s lungs, drawing in fresh air and circulating heated air through vents that open and close automatically throughout the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-010b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A skylight inside the Y2E2 building. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-007b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Looking down the atrium inside the Y2E2 building. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford also has solar power demonstration projects at seven locations on campus but they generate enough power currently to meet only two percent of the campus’ energy needs. Ahmed acknowledged that solar power has the potential to meet 10 percent of the sunny campus’ energy needs, but the university is continuing to track progress on solar power technology before committing to its wider use on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, students seem pleased with the university’s level of planning and implementation around sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a period of tremendous uncertainty in what’s going to happen with California’s climate policy,” said Nath. “Without knowing that, it’s impossible to fairly plan for what type of renewable energy to use, and it’s difficult to compare the financing to see what’s the best decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Ten Hoeve is president of the \u003ca href=\"http://inversion.stanford.edu/swep/drupal/\">Stanford Solar and Wind Energy Project\u003c/a>, a group run mostly by graduate students trying to promote renewable energy at Stanford. “I believe I speak for the group when I say that we are very pleased with the new climate and energy plan”, Ten Hoeve said, while complimenting its Office of Sustainability for being “open-minded” to opportunities to cut Stanford’s carbon load.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s plan focuses on more near-term energy supply and conservation steps to curb campus emissions, but doesn’t fund much renewable energy at the moment. A chart laying out the expected emissions savings as color-coded wedges from building retrofits, heat recovery and other initiatives, has a wedge that corresponds to emissions savings through electricity generated by renewable means, like solar, wind and geothermal power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten Hoeve pointed out that the ‘green electricity’ wedge doesn’t kick in fully, however, until 2035. “If Stanford were to produce its own renewable energy, through a few well-sited local wind turbines for example, it would be great PR for the university at little to no cost, which is why we hope it will happen sooner than later”, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students think that an array of solar panels, such as the one adorning the Y2E2 building, do more than just green the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to have them in places where people can see them and when they come to Stanford, they’ll say, ‘oh, maybe solar panels are developing enough to be used on a wide scale’”, said Nath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Junior Eli Pollak, a member of \u003ca href=\"http://sustainability.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/index.php\">Students for a Sustainable Stanford\u003c/a>, said he’s impressed by the Stanford plan, but would have liked to have seen more students involved in drafting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In keeping with Stanford’s educational mission, it would have been beneficial for the administration to have drawn on the intellect of the students and the students could have gained real-world experience to address climate change and see how a large institution approaches climate change and energy planning,” Pollak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford isn’t alone in trying to improve energy efficiency and reduce its carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidentsclimatecommitment.org/\">American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment\u003c/a> has recruited nearly 700 college and university presidents to cut more than 30 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually across their campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The niche that we were filling was helping people learn from each other,” said Paul Rowland, executive director of the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education, an organization that has created a tool to help universities and colleges that have signed the climate commitment measure and report their annual greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first university to have achieved carbon neutrality, Rowland said, is the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor, Maine, which it did in part by purchasing renewable energy credits to offset its greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford has declined to join the organization ever since 2006 when it was first asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stanford commits to reductions it can meet. Committing to carbon neutrality without having the solutions at hand must have seemed not very authentic to the administration at the time,” said Ahmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s energy and climate plan also does not endorse the use of carbon offsets or renewable energy credits, citing in part their “regulatory uncertainty,” which suggests the university is more focused on projects campus officials can directly observe, control and monitor to track the progress on its emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chancellors of the 10 campuses that make up the \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/\">University of California\u003c/a> system have, however, signed onto the ACUPCC. The UC campuses have set a goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels by 2014 and to 1990 levels by 2020, while also eliminating all waste sent to landfills by 2020. After these targets have been met, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/sustainability/documents/policy_sustain_prac.pdf\">UC sustainability policy \u003c/a>directs the campuses to pursue carbon neutrality “as soon as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the past five years, the UC system has saved $15 million by replacing aging lighting, heating and ventilation systems and expanding the monitoring and metering of campus buildings,” said Matthew St. Clair, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/sustainability/\">UC sustainability efforts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Berkeley, energy efficiency projects such as changing leaky heating and cooling systems and installing more efficient lighting in its buildings, some of which are more than 100 years old, has cut the campus’ electricity use. At Tang Center, home to the university’s health services, an analysis revealed that the air circulation system was running 24 hours a day. So a new air circulation system was installed, saving the university each year enough electricity to power 46 single family homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC campuses are also exploring projects that will generate a total of 10 megawatts of on-site renewable energy by 2014. To date, three of them – Irvine, Merced and San Diego – have one-megawatt solar panel arrays installed at each of their campuses. The solar array at Merced spans nearly nine acres and provides the campus with nearly 20 percent of its annual energy needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a public institution that includes a mission of public service, we need to demonstrate to the taxpayers and voters of California that we are being good citizens in reducing our environmental impact, cutting costs through efficient resource consumption and modeling sustainability leadership”, said St. Clair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s Stagner said he similarly feels that colleges and universities don’t need to wait for a blueprint from the government to start tackling climate change, adding that they have a responsibility to “to help create the scientific, human, cultural, and political solutions to it, and to educate tomorrow’s leaders so that they may continue to work on this challenge and advance civilization toward a sustainable future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.427648 -122.166793\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new generation of eco-centric builders and designers are embarking on a $250 million project to raise, retrofit and re-power buildings across the 8,000-acre campus, in the hopes of slashing Stanford’s greenhouse gas emissions to 20 percent below 1990 levels in just 10 years.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975380,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":72,"wordCount":3303},"headData":{"title":"Go Big Green: Stanford Lightens Its Carbon Load | KQED","description":"A new generation of eco-centric builders and designers are embarking on a $250 million project to raise, retrofit and re-power buildings across the 8,000-acre campus, in the hopes of slashing Stanford’s greenhouse gas emissions to 20 percent below 1990 levels in just 10 years.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/305258/go-big-green-stanford-lightens-its-carbon-load-2","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-044b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A view of Stanford’s campus, taken from Hoover Tower. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Originally reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1888, when famed landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted drafted his master plan for \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University \u003c/a>in Palo Alto, he drew the academic buildings along an east-west axis to efficiently make use of heat and light from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, more than 100 years later, a new generation of eco-centric builders and designers are embarking on a $250 million project to raise, retrofit and re-power buildings across the 8,000-acre campus, in the hopes of slashing Stanford’s greenhouse gas emissions to 20 percent below 1990 levels in just 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan tackles energy demand in existing and new buildings, while also laying the groundwork for a new energy supply loop that powers, heats and cools the 125 biggest buildings on the main campus. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of the most far-reaching efforts in the nation for a major research university to make a total transformation of a complete campus energy system”, said Joe Stagner, a civil engineer who directs Stanford’s Department of Sustainability and Energy Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the steep price tag, the university estimates that by going greener it will save be saving lots of green – $639 million by 2050 through lower utility bills and operating costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the plan, which received preliminary approval by the Stanford Board of Trustees last fall, the energy savings are expected to build up with time. By 2050, the campus is projected to emit only 50 percent of the greenhouse gases it emitted in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that’s a minimum, it doesn’t mean that we’re going to stop at 50 percent”, said Fahmida Ahmed, manager of \u003ca href=\"http://sustainable.stanford.edu/index.php\">sustainability programs\u003c/a> at Stanford. She and Stagner wrote the new \u003ca href=\"http://sustainablestanford.stanford.edu/sites/sem.stanford.edu/files/documents/StanfordEnergyandClimatePlan_11-10.pdf\">energy and climate plan\u003c/a> that serves as the university’s sustainability roadmap and presented it to the Trustees in October 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Stanford has pursued recycling, composting and energy efficiency since the 1980s, until just a few years ago, it lacked a single, cohesive campaign to shrink the university’s carbon footprint – a task made more urgent by Stanford’s steady growth spurts. By 2025, two million square feet of new academic buildings and housing are expected to be built for 2,400 additional faculty, staff and students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole idea to attack greenhouse gases gained momentum in 2006 and 2007,” said Stagner. “University stakeholders, including faculty from the Woods Institute to members of Students for a Sustainable Stanford and faculty and even some alumni, all of them let the university’s leadership know that they wanted Stanford to be more sustainable”, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, the campus generates 262,000 metric tons – nearly 580 million pounds – of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases each year through direct sources such as generating electricity each day at an aging campus power plant, and indirect sources such as airline trips and commuting miles driven by faculty and staff. If no new initiatives are undertaken, pursuing instead a “business-as-usual” level of energy consumption and energy generation, Stanford is expected to produce 325,000 metric tons of greenhouse gases by 2020 and nearly 400,000 metric tons by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stagner and his team realized early on that energy conservation improvements alone could not achieve substantial greenhouse gas reductions for a campus growing at such a fast clip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to come up with a comprehensive energy model that includes energy demand on one side and energy supply on the other side to inform how to best prioritize our work, to see what had the best return, environmentally, and the best bang for our buck”, said Stagner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest environmental gains, his team discovered, would come from overhauling the campus’ natural gas-fired power plant which has operated for more than 20 years and accounts for nearly 90 percent of the campus’ greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Stanford is situated in a Mediterranean climate, many of its buildings need simultaneous cooling and heating. Currently, the cooling system pipes chilled water into buildings to cool them and also remove excess heat that builds up inside them. As the water extracts the unwanted heat from buildings, it warms and is piped back to the central energy facility where massive cooling towers exhaust the excess heat from the water into the atmosphere. The loop continues, with the water being re-chilled at the central energy facility and sent back out to the buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conversely, heat and hot water are supplied to buildings in a separate loop. It uses steam, which is made as a byproduct of burning natural gas to generate electricity to power the buildings. The steam cools into hot water after it has been sent to the buildings, and then it is sent back to the central energy facility, where it is reheated and sent back out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2008, during a year-long audit of the campus’ hour-by-hour energy use, Stagner experienced an ‘a-ha moment.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I took a look at the data and saw that the potential for reusing the waste heat to heat the campus was much larger than we had hoped for and got very excited about the possibilities,” said Stagner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stagner realized that nearly half of the campus’ heating needs can be met through bypassing the cooling towers and reusing most of the heat which would otherwise be exhausted into the air. This new scheme of heat recovery is being called “regeneration.” Through it, the campus will also cut its water use by nearly 20 percent since less water would be used by the cooling towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project won’t happen overnight, however. It will take five to 10 years, and university crews will have to dig up 10 miles of underground pipes that are currently designed to distribute steam – not hot water — to buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When all of that is finished, the campus will be able to burn less natural gas to make electricity and will instead be able to buy electricity from utilities or from direct suppliers using renewables like solar and wind to green up the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity will power up to five new multimillion-dollar “heat recovery chillers.” The machines will form the backbone of the new energy loop, where warm water that would have been sent to the cooling towers instead will now be sent for further reheating and piped back out as 170-degree water to provide heat and hot water to buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of this year, Stagner will present to Stanford’s trustees an update of the heat recovery system and the broader energy and climate plan, which is receiving one last peer review to see if further greenhouse gas reductions are possible under it. But he and his team are already moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-006b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Stanford’s new heat exchange unit. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://sustainablestanford.stanford.edu/heat_recovery\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/Stanford_steamhot-water-conversion_b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Campus map showing the buildings where pipes carrying steam will need to be replaced by pipes carrying hot water. Photo and image copyright Stanford University\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a patch of land behind Memorial Auditorium, for the past six months, workers have been installing a $750,000 heat exchange station next to Stanford’s new business school, the Knight Management Center, which will open later this year. The station is needed to convert the steam currently made by the campus power plant to hot water, which will then be distributed through new pipes snaking underground that will serve 12 new and existing buildings when it fires up next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other universities, including the University of Rochester in New York and Auburn University in Alabama, also have converted from steam to hot water to meet their heating needs, but not to the extent Stanford plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the engineering plans, Stanford also is working to change the behavior of its students, professors and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We live in an eco-minded area,” said Ahmed, whose office worked with students to create a \u003ca href=\"http://sustainable.stanford.edu/sites/sustainable.stanford.edu/files/documents/SustainableLiving_at_Stanford_New.pdf\"> guide to sustainable living\u003c/a> that describes how to reduce water and electricity use and act sustainably beyond the dorms and dining halls. “But for conservation to be a part of daily experience there needs to be incentives that we relate to and feel encouraged about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Stanford program, for example, establishes an annual baseline of average kilowatt-hours used for an individual school or administrative unit based on past consumption trends. Then, it allows that school or unit to keep whatever money is saved if it falls under its budget for energy spending. In three years, the program yielded a three percent decrease in energy use and $830,000 for the energy-saving participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a penalty component was added, so now departments that go over their budgets are supposed to pay back to the university the cost of excess electricity they used. The Office of Sustainability wouldn’t reveal which departments were penalized, pointing out instead that “there are sometimes valid reasons for their energy usage going up” and that the budgets for electricity use “can and will be revised over time as a trend appears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If an academic department isn’t responsible for its energy expenditures or budget, it is in the same position as a renter in an apartment who isn’t responsible for paying for the utilities. The renter has no incentive for energy efficiency or water efficiency. It’s just human nature,” said Stanley Young, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board, in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford junior Ishan Nath wrote an \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanforddaily.com/2009/11/09/editorial-extend-energy-incentives-to-student-residences/\">editorial last fall in \u003cem>The Stanford Daily\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, calling for an expansion of the incentive program so students could pocket some of the cost savings from lower energy use in their dorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems that the double benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions while saving money is something we should be taking advantage of in any place we can and I think it’s really important that Stanford is leading in this direction,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another key part of the Stanford plan to reduce greenhouse emissions is to retrofit existing buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are nearly 200 buildings on campus that are larger than 20,000 square feet, roughly the size of a small supermarket. A 2004 study found that 12 buildings accounted for 33% of the campus’ electricity use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We put together a new program to look at a single building in detail and go top to bottom and find energy savings opportunities,” said Scott Gould, a senior energy engineer with the Department of Sustainability and Energy Management who oversees the Whole Building Retrofit Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, the campus approved $15 million in funding to retrofit these energy-intensive buildings, many of which contain research labs built in the 1960s, ‘70s and ‘80s. Some have annual energy bills of $2 million to $3 million each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two building retrofits are currently taking place, one at Gilbert Hall, which houses the biology department, and the other at the Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine. The fume hoods in them are being fitted with valves that can more efficiently regulate the flow and exhaust of air, so that instead of 10 air exchanges in an hour, there may only be six or eight. New valves also will control the total amount of air supplied to a room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a technology that wasn’t available in the ‘70s”, said Gould, whose job is compounded by the fact that the retrofit work needs to typically take place over short periods of time to minimize the impact to the still-active labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s easier to design super-energy efficient buildings from the start than going back and retrofitting old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-026b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A view of the Y2E2 building. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The greenest building on Stanford’s campus – and a model for future construction – is the Jerry Yang and Akiko Yamazaki Energy + Environment Building, known as “Y2E2.” Opened in 2008, the four-story, L-shaped building uses 38 percent less energy and 90 percent less total water than older buildings – the latter feat accomplished in part by using recycled water for flushing toilets and rainwater for irrigating landscaping. Four atriums funnel natural light through angled skylights, and they also serve as the building’s lungs, drawing in fresh air and circulating heated air through vents that open and close automatically throughout the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-010b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A skylight inside the Y2E2 building. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/GreenU_Stanford_-007b.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Looking down the atrium inside the Y2E2 building. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford also has solar power demonstration projects at seven locations on campus but they generate enough power currently to meet only two percent of the campus’ energy needs. Ahmed acknowledged that solar power has the potential to meet 10 percent of the sunny campus’ energy needs, but the university is continuing to track progress on solar power technology before committing to its wider use on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, students seem pleased with the university’s level of planning and implementation around sustainability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a period of tremendous uncertainty in what’s going to happen with California’s climate policy,” said Nath. “Without knowing that, it’s impossible to fairly plan for what type of renewable energy to use, and it’s difficult to compare the financing to see what’s the best decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Ten Hoeve is president of the \u003ca href=\"http://inversion.stanford.edu/swep/drupal/\">Stanford Solar and Wind Energy Project\u003c/a>, a group run mostly by graduate students trying to promote renewable energy at Stanford. “I believe I speak for the group when I say that we are very pleased with the new climate and energy plan”, Ten Hoeve said, while complimenting its Office of Sustainability for being “open-minded” to opportunities to cut Stanford’s carbon load.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s plan focuses on more near-term energy supply and conservation steps to curb campus emissions, but doesn’t fund much renewable energy at the moment. A chart laying out the expected emissions savings as color-coded wedges from building retrofits, heat recovery and other initiatives, has a wedge that corresponds to emissions savings through electricity generated by renewable means, like solar, wind and geothermal power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten Hoeve pointed out that the ‘green electricity’ wedge doesn’t kick in fully, however, until 2035. “If Stanford were to produce its own renewable energy, through a few well-sited local wind turbines for example, it would be great PR for the university at little to no cost, which is why we hope it will happen sooner than later”, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students think that an array of solar panels, such as the one adorning the Y2E2 building, do more than just green the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to have them in places where people can see them and when they come to Stanford, they’ll say, ‘oh, maybe solar panels are developing enough to be used on a wide scale’”, said Nath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Junior Eli Pollak, a member of \u003ca href=\"http://sustainability.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/index.php\">Students for a Sustainable Stanford\u003c/a>, said he’s impressed by the Stanford plan, but would have liked to have seen more students involved in drafting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In keeping with Stanford’s educational mission, it would have been beneficial for the administration to have drawn on the intellect of the students and the students could have gained real-world experience to address climate change and see how a large institution approaches climate change and energy planning,” Pollak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford isn’t alone in trying to improve energy efficiency and reduce its carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidentsclimatecommitment.org/\">American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment\u003c/a> has recruited nearly 700 college and university presidents to cut more than 30 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually across their campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The niche that we were filling was helping people learn from each other,” said Paul Rowland, executive director of the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education, an organization that has created a tool to help universities and colleges that have signed the climate commitment measure and report their annual greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first university to have achieved carbon neutrality, Rowland said, is the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor, Maine, which it did in part by purchasing renewable energy credits to offset its greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford has declined to join the organization ever since 2006 when it was first asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stanford commits to reductions it can meet. Committing to carbon neutrality without having the solutions at hand must have seemed not very authentic to the administration at the time,” said Ahmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s energy and climate plan also does not endorse the use of carbon offsets or renewable energy credits, citing in part their “regulatory uncertainty,” which suggests the university is more focused on projects campus officials can directly observe, control and monitor to track the progress on its emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chancellors of the 10 campuses that make up the \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/\">University of California\u003c/a> system have, however, signed onto the ACUPCC. The UC campuses have set a goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels by 2014 and to 1990 levels by 2020, while also eliminating all waste sent to landfills by 2020. After these targets have been met, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/sustainability/documents/policy_sustain_prac.pdf\">UC sustainability policy \u003c/a>directs the campuses to pursue carbon neutrality “as soon as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the past five years, the UC system has saved $15 million by replacing aging lighting, heating and ventilation systems and expanding the monitoring and metering of campus buildings,” said Matthew St. Clair, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/sustainability/\">UC sustainability efforts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Berkeley, energy efficiency projects such as changing leaky heating and cooling systems and installing more efficient lighting in its buildings, some of which are more than 100 years old, has cut the campus’ electricity use. At Tang Center, home to the university’s health services, an analysis revealed that the air circulation system was running 24 hours a day. So a new air circulation system was installed, saving the university each year enough electricity to power 46 single family homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC campuses are also exploring projects that will generate a total of 10 megawatts of on-site renewable energy by 2014. To date, three of them – Irvine, Merced and San Diego – have one-megawatt solar panel arrays installed at each of their campuses. The solar array at Merced spans nearly nine acres and provides the campus with nearly 20 percent of its annual energy needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a public institution that includes a mission of public service, we need to demonstrate to the taxpayers and voters of California that we are being good citizens in reducing our environmental impact, cutting costs through efficient resource consumption and modeling sustainability leadership”, said St. Clair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s Stagner said he similarly feels that colleges and universities don’t need to wait for a blueprint from the government to start tackling climate change, adding that they have a responsibility to “to help create the scientific, human, cultural, and political solutions to it, and to educate tomorrow’s leaders so that they may continue to work on this challenge and advance civilization toward a sustainable future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.427648 -122.166793\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/305258/go-big-green-stanford-lightens-its-carbon-load-2","authors":["6176"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_66","quest_491","quest_1335","quest_13203","quest_2771","quest_2844"],"label":"quest"},"education_16581":{"type":"posts","id":"education_16581","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"education","id":"16581","score":null,"sort":[1426607999000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"whats-the-best-path-to-a-sustainable-future","title":"What’s the Best Path to a Sustainable Future?","publishDate":1426607999,"format":"standard","headTitle":"What’s the Best Path to a Sustainable Future? | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":2837,"site":"education"},"content":"\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>To respond to the Do Now, you can comment below or tweet your response. Be sure to begin your tweet with \u003cem>@KQEDEdspace\u003c/em> and end it with \u003cem>#DoNowHabits\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For more info on how to use Twitter, click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What’s the best way to create a sustainable future in a changing climate — through government regulation, or through changing people’s habits and attitudes?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Introduction\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As we face the consequences of a changing climate, many people wonder how we can most effectively change the consumptive habits of U.S. citizens. The government has the ability to implement taxes and regulations that put restrictions on carbon emissions, and to provide subsidies to companies in order to make environmentally friendly options cheaper and more lucrative. However, with a gridlocked Congress and slow administrative progress, is it more effective to change people’s behavior and attitudes or affect change through government action?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some say yes. For example, in Japan, social habits have a large impact on resource use and waste produced. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.PC/countries?display=default\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World Bank\u003c/a>, Japan emits 9.2 metric tons of carbon dioxide per capita (compared to the United States’ nearly 17.6). With comparable economies, what difference could produce such skewed results? In addition to the small footprint and corresponding energy efficiency of many Japanese homes, some believe that the cooperation, investment and attitude of the people of Japan goes a long way towards explaining the difference. The culture of Japan values land very highly, and limits landfill. According to Jacquie Ottman, the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wehatetowaste.com/japanese-style/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">People Towels\u003c/a>, she found no paper towel dispensers or electric hand dryers during her travels in Japan — each person carried their own hand towel. Contrast this with the United States, where we value convenience (and have lots of room for landfill!). A \u003ca href=\"http://www.rit.edu/affiliate/nysp2i/sites/rit.edu.affiliate.nysp2i/files/12rdsc15_sustainable_hand_drying_nocvr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> completed by students at the Rochester Institute of Technology found that by switching to electric hand dryers on a college campus, carbon emissions from hand drying could be reduced by 75% compared to paper towel use. But, when participants were asked which they preferred, 64.6% said paper towels. Informational campaigns have been shown to have little effect on consumer preferences and behavior, so encouraging environmentally habits is more than quoting statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this in mind, climate change activists and advocates are \u003ca href=\"http://www.aaanet.org/cmtes/commissions/CCTF/upload/AAA-Statement-on-Humanity-and-Climate-Change.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looking to the social sciences\u003c/a> to understand what will motivate behavior change for consumers and communities, and whether it’s a better route than government mandates. What do you think? Are top-down regulations the best way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or should we focus our efforts on changing social habits and attitudes? How would you suggest trying trying to change people’s behavior?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Resource\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5d8GW6GdR0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO: \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/l5d8GW6GdR0\">Three Myths of Behavior Change\u003c/a> (TEDxCSU)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA sociologist discusses the information and support that people need to change their behavior. (Suggested segment to watch: 8:03-12:58)\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>To respond to the Do Now, you can comment below or tweet your response. Be sure to begin your tweet with \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> and end it with \u003cem>#DoNowHabits\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For more info on how to use Twitter, click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>We encourage students to reply to other people’s tweets to foster more of a conversation. Also, if students tweet their personal opinions, ask them to support their ideas with links to interesting/credible articles online (adding a nice research component) or retweet other people’s ideas that they agree/disagree/find amusing. We also value student-produced media linked to their tweets. You can visit our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/video-tutorials/\">video tutorials\u003c/a> that showcase how to use several web-based production tools. Of course, do as you can… and any contribution is most welcomed.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/behavioural-insights/behaviour-change-sustainability-debate\">Ten Things We Learnt About Behaviour Change And Sustainability\u003c/a> (The Guardian)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis round-up from a conference in the UK shares information from experts in the field of climate change response and sustainable development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wnet/need-to-know/environment/an-island-without-oil/1328/\">An Island Without Oil\u003c/a> (PBS)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSwitching this small island entirely to renewable energy was a question of convincing the locals. How did they do it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AUDIO:\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104803094\"> Using Psychology To Save You From Yourself\u003c/a> (NPR)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPolicymakers use research about how people make decisions in order to change behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Education partners with phenomenal organizations to bring you the Science Do Now activities. The Science Do Now is posted every two weeks on Tuesday. This post was contributed by youth volunteers and interns in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/ge-about.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Galaxy Explorers\u003c/a> program at Chabot Space & Science Center. Explorers share science through live public demonstrations, hands-on activities, and outreach events in their schools and communities. Open to all Bay Area teens, the program focuses on providing support and opportunities in the sciences to Oakland youth historically underrepresented in STEM careers.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot’s mission is to inspire and educate visitors about Planet Earth and the Universe through exhibits, telescope viewing, planetarium shows, interactive programs, and engaging experiences to connect visitors with the earth and environment, astronomy and space travel. Chabot’s education programs promote STEM literacy skills needed for a 21st-century society and workforce.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As we face the consequences of a changing climate, many people wonder how we can most effectively change the consumptive habits of U.S. citizens. Is it more effective to change people’s behavior and attitudes or have the government implement regulations?\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704763783,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":852},"headData":{"title":"What’s the Best Path to a Sustainable Future? | KQED","description":"As we face the consequences of a changing climate, many people wonder how we can most effectively change the consumptive habits of U.S. citizens. Is it more effective to change people’s behavior and attitudes or have the government implement regulations?\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/education/16581/whats-the-best-path-to-a-sustainable-future","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>To respond to the Do Now, you can comment below or tweet your response. Be sure to begin your tweet with \u003cem>@KQEDEdspace\u003c/em> and end it with \u003cem>#DoNowHabits\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For more info on how to use Twitter, click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What’s the best way to create a sustainable future in a changing climate — through government regulation, or through changing people’s habits and attitudes?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Introduction\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As we face the consequences of a changing climate, many people wonder how we can most effectively change the consumptive habits of U.S. citizens. The government has the ability to implement taxes and regulations that put restrictions on carbon emissions, and to provide subsidies to companies in order to make environmentally friendly options cheaper and more lucrative. However, with a gridlocked Congress and slow administrative progress, is it more effective to change people’s behavior and attitudes or affect change through government action?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some say yes. For example, in Japan, social habits have a large impact on resource use and waste produced. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.PC/countries?display=default\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World Bank\u003c/a>, Japan emits 9.2 metric tons of carbon dioxide per capita (compared to the United States’ nearly 17.6). With comparable economies, what difference could produce such skewed results? In addition to the small footprint and corresponding energy efficiency of many Japanese homes, some believe that the cooperation, investment and attitude of the people of Japan goes a long way towards explaining the difference. The culture of Japan values land very highly, and limits landfill. According to Jacquie Ottman, the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wehatetowaste.com/japanese-style/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">People Towels\u003c/a>, she found no paper towel dispensers or electric hand dryers during her travels in Japan — each person carried their own hand towel. Contrast this with the United States, where we value convenience (and have lots of room for landfill!). A \u003ca href=\"http://www.rit.edu/affiliate/nysp2i/sites/rit.edu.affiliate.nysp2i/files/12rdsc15_sustainable_hand_drying_nocvr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> completed by students at the Rochester Institute of Technology found that by switching to electric hand dryers on a college campus, carbon emissions from hand drying could be reduced by 75% compared to paper towel use. But, when participants were asked which they preferred, 64.6% said paper towels. Informational campaigns have been shown to have little effect on consumer preferences and behavior, so encouraging environmentally habits is more than quoting statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this in mind, climate change activists and advocates are \u003ca href=\"http://www.aaanet.org/cmtes/commissions/CCTF/upload/AAA-Statement-on-Humanity-and-Climate-Change.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looking to the social sciences\u003c/a> to understand what will motivate behavior change for consumers and communities, and whether it’s a better route than government mandates. What do you think? Are top-down regulations the best way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or should we focus our efforts on changing social habits and attitudes? How would you suggest trying trying to change people’s behavior?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Resource\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/l5d8GW6GdR0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/l5d8GW6GdR0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO: \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/l5d8GW6GdR0\">Three Myths of Behavior Change\u003c/a> (TEDxCSU)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA sociologist discusses the information and support that people need to change their behavior. (Suggested segment to watch: 8:03-12:58)\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>To respond to the Do Now, you can comment below or tweet your response. Be sure to begin your tweet with \u003cem>@KQEDedspace\u003c/em> and end it with \u003cem>#DoNowHabits\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For more info on how to use Twitter, click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>We encourage students to reply to other people’s tweets to foster more of a conversation. Also, if students tweet their personal opinions, ask them to support their ideas with links to interesting/credible articles online (adding a nice research component) or retweet other people’s ideas that they agree/disagree/find amusing. We also value student-produced media linked to their tweets. You can visit our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/video-tutorials/\">video tutorials\u003c/a> that showcase how to use several web-based production tools. Of course, do as you can… and any contribution is most welcomed.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/behavioural-insights/behaviour-change-sustainability-debate\">Ten Things We Learnt About Behaviour Change And Sustainability\u003c/a> (The Guardian)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis round-up from a conference in the UK shares information from experts in the field of climate change response and sustainable development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wnet/need-to-know/environment/an-island-without-oil/1328/\">An Island Without Oil\u003c/a> (PBS)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSwitching this small island entirely to renewable energy was a question of convincing the locals. How did they do it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AUDIO:\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104803094\"> Using Psychology To Save You From Yourself\u003c/a> (NPR)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPolicymakers use research about how people make decisions in order to change behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Education partners with phenomenal organizations to bring you the Science Do Now activities. The Science Do Now is posted every two weeks on Tuesday. This post was contributed by youth volunteers and interns in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/ge-about.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Galaxy Explorers\u003c/a> program at Chabot Space & Science Center. Explorers share science through live public demonstrations, hands-on activities, and outreach events in their schools and communities. Open to all Bay Area teens, the program focuses on providing support and opportunities in the sciences to Oakland youth historically underrepresented in STEM careers.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot’s mission is to inspire and educate visitors about Planet Earth and the Universe through exhibits, telescope viewing, planetarium shows, interactive programs, and engaging experiences to connect visitors with the earth and environment, astronomy and space travel. Chabot’s education programs promote STEM literacy skills needed for a 21st-century society and workforce.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/education/16581/whats-the-best-path-to-a-sustainable-future","authors":["9614"],"series":["education_2837"],"categories":["education_1","education_49"],"tags":["education_186","education_284","education_5","education_1320","education_3369","education_1108"],"collections":["education_2403"],"featImg":"education_16583","label":"education_2837"},"quest_67124":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_67124","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"67124","score":null,"sort":[1393338654000]},"guestAuthors":[{"ID":"69132","displayName":"Jennifer Morton","firstName":"Jennifer","lastName":"Morton","userLogin":"jennifer-morton","userEmail":"JMorton@kcts9.org","linkedAccount":"jennifermorton","website":"","aim":"","yahooim":"","jabber":"","description":"Jennifer Morton is a science education specialist at KCTS 9 Television in Seattle, WA. She started at KCTS 9 as Outreach Coordinator for the PBS series Bill Nye the Science Guy and has continued to be involved in outreach and education with KCTS over the past 10 years. She has a degree in Geology from the University of Vermont and a keen interest in science education. She also has a wasps’ nest hanging in her living room.","userNicename":"jennifer-morton","type":"guest-author"}],"slug":"balancing-act-otters-urchins-and-kelp","title":"Balancing Act: Otters, Urchins and Kelp","publishDate":1393338654,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Learn about the connections among sea otters, sea urchins, kelp forests, and climate change. This video shows how conservation of wildlife can have an impact on global climate change. It provides examples of how healthy, balanced ecosystems will be the best offense in a rapidly changing ocean environment. This video is part of our \u003cstrong>Ocean Acidification Education\u003c/strong> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelp forests are extremely productive ecosystems that support a huge amount of marine life, and they are also efficient absorbers of CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>. Like any land-based forest, kelp forests sequester (take out) CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, transforming it into the energy they need to build their leafy structure. Kelp forests are at risk from sea urchins, small spiky marine animals that love to eat kelp. With no predators around, sea urchin populations can multiply, forming herds that sweep across the ocean floor devouring entire stands of kelp and leaving “urchin barrens” in their place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, sea otters have an appetite for sea urchins and they help to keep sea urchins in check, allowing the kelp to flourish and capture CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>. When otters are present, urchins hide in crevices and snack on kelp scraps. The kelp can flourish, providing habitat for many ocean organisms. Sea otters play a small role in mitigating global climate change, but their impact points to a larger lesson: wildlife conservation can save vegetation needed to reduce CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What is an ecosystem?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is a kelp forest?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What types of organisms live in a kelp forest?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Focus Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why do kelp forests need otters?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What happens if there are no predators around to eat sea urchins?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What was the result when otters discovered sea urchins in the Strait of Juan de Fuca?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why is it important to conserve kelp forests?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do sea otters help to combat climate change?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Extension Activity\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Draw or construct a healthy kelp forest ecosystem containing appropriate populations of kelp, sea urchins, and sea otters. Make a small-scale model or turn your whole classroom into a kelp forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://news.ucsc.edu/2012/09/sea-otters-kelp.html\">UCSC Study Shows… Global Warming\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>University of California\u003c/strong>, Santa Cruz. This article outlines a study that suggests that thriving sea otter populations keep sea urchins in check, which in turn allow kelp forests to prosper.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.asnailsodyssey.com/LEARNABOUT/URCHIN/urchPopu.php\">A Snail’s Odyssey\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Tom Carefoot\u003c/strong>. A summary of research studies about urchin populations and their relationship to kelp and otters\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://oceantoday.noaa.gov/seaotters101/\">Sea Otter 101\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Ocean Today\u003c/strong>, NOAA. A three-minute animated cartoon about sea otters\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/about/ecosystems/kelpdesc.html\">Ecosystems: Kelp Forests\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>National Marine Sanctuaries\u003c/strong>, NOAA. An explanation of kelp forests on the Pacific Coast, from Alaska and Canada to the waters of Baja California\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation\u003c/strong>:\u003cbr>\nDevelop a model to describe the movement of matter among plants, animals, decomposers, and the environment. \u003cstrong>5LS2-1\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nConstruct an explanation that predicts patterns of interactions among organisms across multiple ecosystems. \u003cstrong>MS-LS2-2\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDevelop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. \u003cstrong>MS-LS2-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA healthy ecosystem is one in which multiple species of different types are each able to meet their needs in a relatively stable web of life. \u003cstrong>LS2A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mutually beneficial interactions may become so interdependent that each organism requires the other for survival. \u003cstrong>LS2A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy are transferred among producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. \u003cstrong>LS2B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Systems and system models, patterns, stability and change\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Developing and using models, constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"By balancing their ecosystem, otters are playing a role in the fight against climate change. Watch this video and learn about the important connections among sea otters, sea urchins, kelp forests, and climate change.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450484258,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":625},"headData":{"title":"Balancing Act: Otters, Urchins and Kelp | KQED","description":"By balancing their ecosystem, otters are playing a role in the fight against climate change. Watch this video and learn about the important connections among sea otters, sea urchins, kelp forests, and climate change.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"67124 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=67124","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/25/balancing-act-otters-urchins-and-kelp/","disqusTitle":"Balancing Act: Otters, Urchins and Kelp","videoEmbed":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHOmbAMkCJs","source":"Biology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","path":"/quest/67124/balancing-act-otters-urchins-and-kelp","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Learn about the connections among sea otters, sea urchins, kelp forests, and climate change. This video shows how conservation of wildlife can have an impact on global climate change. It provides examples of how healthy, balanced ecosystems will be the best offense in a rapidly changing ocean environment. This video is part of our \u003cstrong>Ocean Acidification Education\u003c/strong> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelp forests are extremely productive ecosystems that support a huge amount of marine life, and they are also efficient absorbers of CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>. Like any land-based forest, kelp forests sequester (take out) CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, transforming it into the energy they need to build their leafy structure. Kelp forests are at risk from sea urchins, small spiky marine animals that love to eat kelp. With no predators around, sea urchin populations can multiply, forming herds that sweep across the ocean floor devouring entire stands of kelp and leaving “urchin barrens” in their place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, sea otters have an appetite for sea urchins and they help to keep sea urchins in check, allowing the kelp to flourish and capture CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>. When otters are present, urchins hide in crevices and snack on kelp scraps. The kelp can flourish, providing habitat for many ocean organisms. Sea otters play a small role in mitigating global climate change, but their impact points to a larger lesson: wildlife conservation can save vegetation needed to reduce CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What is an ecosystem?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is a kelp forest?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What types of organisms live in a kelp forest?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Focus Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why do kelp forests need otters?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What happens if there are no predators around to eat sea urchins?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What was the result when otters discovered sea urchins in the Strait of Juan de Fuca?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Post-viewing Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why is it important to conserve kelp forests?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do sea otters help to combat climate change?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Extension Activity\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Draw or construct a healthy kelp forest ecosystem containing appropriate populations of kelp, sea urchins, and sea otters. Make a small-scale model or turn your whole classroom into a kelp forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://news.ucsc.edu/2012/09/sea-otters-kelp.html\">UCSC Study Shows… Global Warming\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>University of California\u003c/strong>, Santa Cruz. This article outlines a study that suggests that thriving sea otter populations keep sea urchins in check, which in turn allow kelp forests to prosper.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.asnailsodyssey.com/LEARNABOUT/URCHIN/urchPopu.php\">A Snail’s Odyssey\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Tom Carefoot\u003c/strong>. A summary of research studies about urchin populations and their relationship to kelp and otters\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://oceantoday.noaa.gov/seaotters101/\">Sea Otter 101\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Ocean Today\u003c/strong>, NOAA. A three-minute animated cartoon about sea otters\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/about/ecosystems/kelpdesc.html\">Ecosystems: Kelp Forests\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>National Marine Sanctuaries\u003c/strong>, NOAA. An explanation of kelp forests on the Pacific Coast, from Alaska and Canada to the waters of Baja California\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation\u003c/strong>:\u003cbr>\nDevelop a model to describe the movement of matter among plants, animals, decomposers, and the environment. \u003cstrong>5LS2-1\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nConstruct an explanation that predicts patterns of interactions among organisms across multiple ecosystems. \u003cstrong>MS-LS2-2\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDevelop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. \u003cstrong>MS-LS2-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA healthy ecosystem is one in which multiple species of different types are each able to meet their needs in a relatively stable web of life. \u003cstrong>LS2A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mutually beneficial interactions may become so interdependent that each organism requires the other for survival. \u003cstrong>LS2A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy are transferred among producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. \u003cstrong>LS2B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Systems and system models, patterns, stability and change\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Developing and using models, constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/67124/balancing-act-otters-urchins-and-kelp","authors":["69132"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_621","quest_3399","quest_12611","quest_12613","quest_2275","quest_12146","quest_12550","quest_3396","quest_12603","quest_2844","quest_12612"],"collections":["quest_12656"],"featImg":"quest_67125","label":"source_quest_67124"},"quest_60576":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_60576","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"60576","score":null,"sort":[1391698822000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"searching-for-a-new-perspective-of-an-altered-landscape","title":"Searching for Memories on an Altered Landscape","publishDate":1391698822,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>If you’re old enough to have childhood memories, chances are you’re old enough to have witnessed a land use change. Maybe the woods behind your parents’ home has morphed into rows of new houses. Maybe the creek where you caught your first fish now boasts a parking lot for a big box store. Maybe a particularly picturesque farmstead is now a collection of crumbling structures engulfed by overgrown weeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These landscape changes come big and small, and often so gradually that they go unnoticed. That said, many long-time residents of the Great Plains can and will tell you this much: where they once saw diverse prairie habitats, they now see cropland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies examining recent rates of grassland, wetland, and shrubland loss in the country’s midsection have revealed head-turning statistics. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3593829/#!po=31.2500\">research report\u003c/a> published by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/site/aboutpnas/index.xhtml\">\u003cstrong>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/strong> (PNAS)\u003c/a> in March 2013 concluded that grassland-to-cropland conversion rates across “significant portions of the US Western Corn Belt” from 2001 to 2011 were similar to rates of rainforest conversion in Brazil, Malaysia, and Indonesia during the 1980s and 1990s (1.0 to 5.4 percent annually).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also suggested that, especially in Nebraska, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Click%20on%20image%20to%20zoom&p=PMC3&id=3593829_pnas.1215404110fig04.jpg\">noticeable fraction of the conversion occurs on marginal lands\u003c/a> that are poorly suited for crop production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culprits, victims, and beneficiaries of this habitat loss are somewhat debatable, but what is uncontestable is the reality that the Great Plains’ landscapes have been drastically altered over the last century and a half. What was once a grassy wilderness is now a vast agro-industrial zone -- a place where the landscape struggles to support both biodiversity and the crop-based commodities that our times demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not news to \u003ca href=\"http://snr.unl.edu/powell/\">Larkin Powell\u003c/a>, a professor of conservation biology and wildlife ecology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Since his childhood days on a family farm in rural Iowa, Powell has been taking notice of the landscape changes around him -- and how easy it is to forget how things used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66781\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 336px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Kearney_fromnorthhill1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-66781 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Kearney_fromnorthhill1-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Views of Kearney, Nebraska from the north hill. I’m always looking for evidence of landscape change. The amount of change to our urban areas is significant—especially in the amount of trees in our towns and cities. This series of images followed by a photo I took in 2013 is an effective reminder that Nebraska’s urban areas have grown and changed their landscapes at the same time the rural landscape has changed. (Caption by Larkin Powell. Top two photos: Buffalo County Historical Society Collection. Bottom photo: Larkin Powell.) \" width=\"336\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click the photo for more information. (\u003cem>Buffalo County Historical Society Collection\u003c/em>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We drive around on our landscapes today and we’re only familiar with what we see today,” said Powell, who added, “We can kind of remember what was there last week. There’s this ‘landscape perception’ field of study that suggests that people don’t do well -- in our brains -- of keeping track of little changes that happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Powell these often forgettable landscape changes have resulted in big impacts on everything from local biodiversity to human diets to cultural and societal features like architecture, hobbies, and rural populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Powell’s professional research is focused on the behaviors and what he calls the “life history” of prairie wildlife in changing landscapes. And while the data he gathers are useful from a scientific perspective, they don’t always help the public visualize -- or care about -- the tangible impacts of human activities on natural landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, more recently, Powell has set off on an effort to gather something else: the collective memories of prairie life. Specifically, he scours county historical societies and the Nebraska State Historical Museum archives for photographs and articles from relatively recent but nonetheless forgotten times. The end result will be a book that “makes people reflect a little bit, at least,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66776\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 327px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/10200v_SButcher_LofC_CliffTableNE_sodhouse_largeelkantlers1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-66776 \" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/10200v_SButcher_LofC_CliffTableNE_sodhouse_largeelkantlers1-467x360.jpg\" alt=\"Solomon Butcher photographed many pioneer families in Custer County prior to 1901. I like to look at the objects this family chose to present for the photographer. Were they sending a message to their relatives back East? Did the presence of elk antlers (no longer found in Custer County) tell their family and friends “we’ve got enough to eat”? (Caption by Larkin Powell. Photo by Solomon Butcher; Library of Congress Collection.)\" width=\"327\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A family portrait from Custer County, Nebraska from sometime before 1901. Click the photo for more information. (\u003cem>Photo by Solomon Butcher; Library of Congress Collection\u003c/em>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A portrait of homesteaders showing off a stack of elk antlers where elk no longer exist; a photo of a butcher selling pronghorn for Christmas dinners; an image of a farmer installing an irrigation system with his sons; aerial photographs of farmsteads morphing into fields of row crops over time -- together these images become a biography of the landscape over the last 150 years, a recorded history of human pursuits and the way in which they have affected other species on the prairie. The goal is to fill in the gaps of memory loss, to “make cross-connections,” said Powell, between our behaviors and some of their unnoticed repercussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve slowly been converting grasslands to cropland or modifying the way we farm, slowly over time,” he said. “So the question right now is, if that speed of conversion has gone up like statistics suggest, are we close to a tipping point with some of these species?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent flight to the Sandhills of western Nebraska, Powell said he looked out the window of the plane and wondered, “If I were a pheasant or a meadowlark…where would I go?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell’s project is coming together under the working title “The Best of Intentions,” which he said he chose because it’s important to acknowledge that people don’t alter the landscape because they have ill intentions for wildlife. It happens, he said, “out of the necessity to meet demands, and out of the desire to support a family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really think that sometimes -- as people who are interested in conservation -- we have a tendency to kind of point fingers and say, ‘Why don’t they get it?’” Powell said. “The point of it is, it just happens. It’s not a pointing-fingers book. This is what we’ve done as a society, and there are things that will happen, and this is how our landscape changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell believes that the photographs and stories he has found could help landowners to recall the slow progression of changes that have impacted their land. “You can sit down with somebody and look at what the land looked like on their place and they’ll be like, ‘Yeah, I guess it really has changed more than I thought it did.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Will it alter the course of the future? I’m not sure,” said Powell. “But I think it makes us think, at least a little bit, about the impact we can have on the landscape. Learning from the past, learning from our history, looking at our landscape in a new way helps us see a future we might not have thought of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Click a thumbnail below to open a slideshow of photographs and captions from Powell's collection.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery columns=\"2\" link=\"file\" ids=\"66788,66789,66791,66779,66780,66787,66784,66786\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See also:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/21/us/setting-the-table-for-a-fluttering-comeback-with-milkweed.html?_r=0\">A New York Times article with information about monarch butterfly conservation efforts as their food supply diminishes on the prairie.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://harvestpublicmedia.org/article/farmers-plowing-more-and-more-prairie\">This article from Harvest Public Media describing the loss of prairie to agricultural pursuits, and one family's effort to avoid the ethanol boom and save their grassland.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://journalstar.com/sports/local/outdoors/grasslands-under-siege-in-the-plains/article_7bcf969e-0fea-59ee-ba77-8ca1c1eb3023.html\">This editorial from Peter Berthelsen of Pheasants Forever published by the Lincoln Journal Star on December 29, 2013.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"While prairie is converted to cropland at a breakneck pace, one conservation biologist in Nebraska is finding an alternative way to jog the collective memory of the Great Plains landscape. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442704072,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":true,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1185},"headData":{"title":"Searching for Memories on an Altered Landscape | KQED","description":"While prairie is converted to cropland at a breakneck pace, one conservation biologist in Nebraska is finding an alternative way to jog the collective memory of the Great Plains landscape. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"60576 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=60576","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/06/searching-for-a-new-perspective-of-an-altered-landscape/","disqusTitle":"Searching for Memories on an Altered Landscape","path":"/quest/60576/searching-for-a-new-perspective-of-an-altered-landscape","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’re old enough to have childhood memories, chances are you’re old enough to have witnessed a land use change. Maybe the woods behind your parents’ home has morphed into rows of new houses. Maybe the creek where you caught your first fish now boasts a parking lot for a big box store. Maybe a particularly picturesque farmstead is now a collection of crumbling structures engulfed by overgrown weeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These landscape changes come big and small, and often so gradually that they go unnoticed. That said, many long-time residents of the Great Plains can and will tell you this much: where they once saw diverse prairie habitats, they now see cropland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies examining recent rates of grassland, wetland, and shrubland loss in the country’s midsection have revealed head-turning statistics. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3593829/#!po=31.2500\">research report\u003c/a> published by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/site/aboutpnas/index.xhtml\">\u003cstrong>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/strong> (PNAS)\u003c/a> in March 2013 concluded that grassland-to-cropland conversion rates across “significant portions of the US Western Corn Belt” from 2001 to 2011 were similar to rates of rainforest conversion in Brazil, Malaysia, and Indonesia during the 1980s and 1990s (1.0 to 5.4 percent annually).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also suggested that, especially in Nebraska, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Click%20on%20image%20to%20zoom&p=PMC3&id=3593829_pnas.1215404110fig04.jpg\">noticeable fraction of the conversion occurs on marginal lands\u003c/a> that are poorly suited for crop production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culprits, victims, and beneficiaries of this habitat loss are somewhat debatable, but what is uncontestable is the reality that the Great Plains’ landscapes have been drastically altered over the last century and a half. What was once a grassy wilderness is now a vast agro-industrial zone -- a place where the landscape struggles to support both biodiversity and the crop-based commodities that our times demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not news to \u003ca href=\"http://snr.unl.edu/powell/\">Larkin Powell\u003c/a>, a professor of conservation biology and wildlife ecology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Since his childhood days on a family farm in rural Iowa, Powell has been taking notice of the landscape changes around him -- and how easy it is to forget how things used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66781\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 336px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Kearney_fromnorthhill1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-66781 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Kearney_fromnorthhill1-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Views of Kearney, Nebraska from the north hill. I’m always looking for evidence of landscape change. The amount of change to our urban areas is significant—especially in the amount of trees in our towns and cities. This series of images followed by a photo I took in 2013 is an effective reminder that Nebraska’s urban areas have grown and changed their landscapes at the same time the rural landscape has changed. (Caption by Larkin Powell. Top two photos: Buffalo County Historical Society Collection. Bottom photo: Larkin Powell.) \" width=\"336\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click the photo for more information. (\u003cem>Buffalo County Historical Society Collection\u003c/em>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We drive around on our landscapes today and we’re only familiar with what we see today,” said Powell, who added, “We can kind of remember what was there last week. There’s this ‘landscape perception’ field of study that suggests that people don’t do well -- in our brains -- of keeping track of little changes that happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Powell these often forgettable landscape changes have resulted in big impacts on everything from local biodiversity to human diets to cultural and societal features like architecture, hobbies, and rural populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Powell’s professional research is focused on the behaviors and what he calls the “life history” of prairie wildlife in changing landscapes. And while the data he gathers are useful from a scientific perspective, they don’t always help the public visualize -- or care about -- the tangible impacts of human activities on natural landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, more recently, Powell has set off on an effort to gather something else: the collective memories of prairie life. Specifically, he scours county historical societies and the Nebraska State Historical Museum archives for photographs and articles from relatively recent but nonetheless forgotten times. The end result will be a book that “makes people reflect a little bit, at least,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66776\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 327px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/10200v_SButcher_LofC_CliffTableNE_sodhouse_largeelkantlers1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-66776 \" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/10200v_SButcher_LofC_CliffTableNE_sodhouse_largeelkantlers1-467x360.jpg\" alt=\"Solomon Butcher photographed many pioneer families in Custer County prior to 1901. I like to look at the objects this family chose to present for the photographer. Were they sending a message to their relatives back East? Did the presence of elk antlers (no longer found in Custer County) tell their family and friends “we’ve got enough to eat”? (Caption by Larkin Powell. Photo by Solomon Butcher; Library of Congress Collection.)\" width=\"327\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A family portrait from Custer County, Nebraska from sometime before 1901. Click the photo for more information. (\u003cem>Photo by Solomon Butcher; Library of Congress Collection\u003c/em>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A portrait of homesteaders showing off a stack of elk antlers where elk no longer exist; a photo of a butcher selling pronghorn for Christmas dinners; an image of a farmer installing an irrigation system with his sons; aerial photographs of farmsteads morphing into fields of row crops over time -- together these images become a biography of the landscape over the last 150 years, a recorded history of human pursuits and the way in which they have affected other species on the prairie. The goal is to fill in the gaps of memory loss, to “make cross-connections,” said Powell, between our behaviors and some of their unnoticed repercussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve slowly been converting grasslands to cropland or modifying the way we farm, slowly over time,” he said. “So the question right now is, if that speed of conversion has gone up like statistics suggest, are we close to a tipping point with some of these species?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent flight to the Sandhills of western Nebraska, Powell said he looked out the window of the plane and wondered, “If I were a pheasant or a meadowlark…where would I go?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell’s project is coming together under the working title “The Best of Intentions,” which he said he chose because it’s important to acknowledge that people don’t alter the landscape because they have ill intentions for wildlife. It happens, he said, “out of the necessity to meet demands, and out of the desire to support a family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really think that sometimes -- as people who are interested in conservation -- we have a tendency to kind of point fingers and say, ‘Why don’t they get it?’” Powell said. “The point of it is, it just happens. It’s not a pointing-fingers book. This is what we’ve done as a society, and there are things that will happen, and this is how our landscape changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell believes that the photographs and stories he has found could help landowners to recall the slow progression of changes that have impacted their land. “You can sit down with somebody and look at what the land looked like on their place and they’ll be like, ‘Yeah, I guess it really has changed more than I thought it did.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Will it alter the course of the future? I’m not sure,” said Powell. “But I think it makes us think, at least a little bit, about the impact we can have on the landscape. Learning from the past, learning from our history, looking at our landscape in a new way helps us see a future we might not have thought of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Click a thumbnail below to open a slideshow of photographs and captions from Powell's collection.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"gallery","attributes":{"named":{"columns":"2","link":"file","ids":"66788,66789,66791,66779,66780,66787,66784,66786","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See also:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/21/us/setting-the-table-for-a-fluttering-comeback-with-milkweed.html?_r=0\">A New York Times article with information about monarch butterfly conservation efforts as their food supply diminishes on the prairie.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://harvestpublicmedia.org/article/farmers-plowing-more-and-more-prairie\">This article from Harvest Public Media describing the loss of prairie to agricultural pursuits, and one family's effort to avoid the ethanol boom and save their grassland.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://journalstar.com/sports/local/outdoors/grasslands-under-siege-in-the-plains/article_7bcf969e-0fea-59ee-ba77-8ca1c1eb3023.html\">This editorial from Peter Berthelsen of Pheasants Forever published by the Lincoln Journal Star on December 29, 2013.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/60576/searching-for-a-new-perspective-of-an-altered-landscape","authors":["10447"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_85","quest_326","quest_702","quest_733","quest_1023","quest_1073","quest_12269","quest_10353","quest_1374","quest_12594","quest_12591","quest_12590","quest_12586","quest_12588","quest_12596","quest_12593","quest_12511","quest_3929","quest_10388","quest_12595","quest_12589","quest_2187","quest_12587","quest_2349","quest_12354","quest_12592","quest_2844","quest_12598","quest_12597","quest_10511","quest_3155"],"featImg":"quest_66823","label":"quest"},"quest_54675":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_54675","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"54675","score":null,"sort":[1382104858000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"improving-golfs-environmental-scorecard","title":"Improving Golf’s Environmental Scorecard","publishDate":1382104858,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62002\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/pinehurst2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62002\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/pinehurst2-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"North Carolina's Pinehurst Resort, home to the 2014 U.S. Open golf tournament, has reduced it's irrigated acreage by nearly 50 percent. All photos by David Huppert\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North Carolina's Pinehurst Resort, home to the 2014 U.S. Open golf tournament, has reduced it's irrigated acreage by nearly 50 percent. All photos by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Golf is a game of opposites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To hit the ball farther, relax. To send the ball higher, hit down on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of antithetical actions can work when it comes to golf course stewardship, too: to improve a course, superintendents should consider managing less, not more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57251\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/IMG_9660.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/IMG_9660-370x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_9660\" width=\"370\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Retention ponds are used to irrigate the golf course at NC State University.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Golf represents an easy target for environmentalists who call attention to the vast amounts of water, fertilizer, and chemicals used to maintain manicured courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, that’s the perception,” says David Hueber, onetime CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ngf.org/\">National Golf Foundation\u003c/a>, who says his doctorate from Clemson University might be “the first Ph.D. in sustainable golf development and management.” According to Hueber, \"When it comes to an issue of sustainability, it kind of fits that perception that [golf courses] are not going to be good stewards. They use too much water, fertilizer, chemicals. It makes golf the pariah.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality is that golf-course managers have long sought to reduce irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide use, if only for economic reasons. Modern superintendents are often among the first to say that sustainable course management could be a win/win for the environment \u003cem>and\u003c/em> the club’s bottom line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, take North Carolina’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.pinehurst.com/\">Pinehurst Resort\u003c/a>, which will be the home of the U.S. Open in 2014. Over the past three years the resort’s famed Pinehurst \u003ca href=\"http://www.golfclubatlas.com/courses-by-country/usa/pinehurst-no-2-2/\">No. 2 course has been restored\u003c/a> to what golfers call its “midcentury glory,” and what environmentalists call sustainable land management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/pinehurst_flag.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62003\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/pinehurst_flag-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Pinehurst No. 2 eliminated its manicured rough areas and is now a member of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Safe Harbor Program.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pinehurst No. 2 eliminated its manicured rough areas and is now a member of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Safe Harbor Program.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When \u003ca href=\"http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/agcomm/news-center/perspectives/pinehurst-no-2-goes-native/\">restoring Pinehurst No. 2\u003c/a>, the club made environmentally sound decisions based on economic principles. Cutting the irrigated acreage back from 90 to 50 acres saved mowing, irrigation, pesticide, and maintenance costs. Restoring maintained turf back to natural areas -- “no mow zones” as they are sometimes called -- provided habitat for species like the red-cockaded woodpecker. “We were the first private landowner to sign up for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Safe Harbor Program,” says Bob Farren, director of golf course and grounds management for the Pinehurst Resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60879\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/DSC_NCSU.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60879 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/DSC_NCSU-485x360.jpg\" alt=\"The water coming off NC State University's golf course is cleaner than the water that runs onto it. Photo by David Huppert\" width=\"340\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Danesha Seth Carley, a plant pathologist with NC State University, says native species like the longleaf pine thrive at Lonnie Poole.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Danesha Seth Carley, a plant pathologist and director of sustainability development at North Carolina State University, was initially suspicious of claims of environmentally sustainable courses. “I was that person looking in at golf courses saying they are so unsustainable, it is a joke to consider a golf course sustainable,” said Seth Carley. But she changed her tune after working with the designers of the university’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.lonniepoolegolfcourse.com/\">Lonnie Poole golf course\u003c/a>. The university course uses reclaimed water for fairway irrigation and water from rainwater retention ponds for green irrigation, eliminating the need to use potable water. The course also boasts 50-foot buffers along all waterways, enabling Lonnie Poole to do something golf courses have long done but people do not necessarily appreciate: filter runoff water. “The water coming off the course is cleaner than the water running onto the course,” Seth Carley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some courses offer more than just cleaner water. NCSU’s Lonnie Poole is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/agcomm/news-center/media-releases/poole-golf-course-receives-audubon-international-certification/\">certified Audubon International Signature Golf Course Sanctuary\u003c/a>, and Seth Carley said she’s seen the wildlife to prove it -- foxes, herons, raccoons, and beaver. “The deer don’t care whether the fairways are manicured,” she says. “They go out and forage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60882\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 344px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Pinehurst_cactus.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-60882\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Pinehurst_cactus-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"The "rough" areas at Pinehurst No. 2 just got a lot spikier. A field guide describing all the course's native species will be distributed at the 2014 U.S. Open.\" width=\"344\" height=\"229\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The \"rough\" areas at Pinehurst No. 2 just got a lot spikier. A field guide describing all the course's native species will be distributed at the 2014 U.S. Open.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although a golf course is still a far cry from being the untouched wild area that it once was, bear in mind that many golf courses are built on abandoned agricultural land. “I tell people we’ve increased biodiversity,” said Seth Carley. “We have broomsedge and bluestem, warm season native grasses. The concept of the area is sort of old field progression.” Ironically, Seth Carley was criticized for reintroducing longleaf pine, the area’s original inhabitant, because post-agricultural North Carolina no longer supports that ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Course superintendents and environmentalists may come at the issue from different angles, but they all seem to advocate the same thing: more natural areas, more responsible use of water, fertilizer, and pesticides, and greater community access. “I say ‘wildlife habitat,’” said Seth Carley, “they don’t say that. They’re just thinking ‘I don’t want to mow, I don’t want to feed, I don’t want to manage that much grass.’”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How thinking outside the (tee) box can help the environment, save money, and improve your golf game.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1382032604,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":860},"headData":{"title":"Improving Golf’s Environmental Scorecard | KQED","description":"How thinking outside the (tee) box can help the environment, save money, and improve your golf game.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"54675 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=54675","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/18/improving-golfs-environmental-scorecard/","disqusTitle":"Improving Golf’s Environmental Scorecard","path":"/quest/54675/improving-golfs-environmental-scorecard","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62002\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/pinehurst2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62002\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/pinehurst2-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"North Carolina's Pinehurst Resort, home to the 2014 U.S. Open golf tournament, has reduced it's irrigated acreage by nearly 50 percent. All photos by David Huppert\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North Carolina's Pinehurst Resort, home to the 2014 U.S. Open golf tournament, has reduced it's irrigated acreage by nearly 50 percent. All photos by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Golf is a game of opposites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To hit the ball farther, relax. To send the ball higher, hit down on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of antithetical actions can work when it comes to golf course stewardship, too: to improve a course, superintendents should consider managing less, not more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57251\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/IMG_9660.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/IMG_9660-370x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_9660\" width=\"370\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Retention ponds are used to irrigate the golf course at NC State University.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Golf represents an easy target for environmentalists who call attention to the vast amounts of water, fertilizer, and chemicals used to maintain manicured courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, that’s the perception,” says David Hueber, onetime CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ngf.org/\">National Golf Foundation\u003c/a>, who says his doctorate from Clemson University might be “the first Ph.D. in sustainable golf development and management.” According to Hueber, \"When it comes to an issue of sustainability, it kind of fits that perception that [golf courses] are not going to be good stewards. They use too much water, fertilizer, chemicals. It makes golf the pariah.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality is that golf-course managers have long sought to reduce irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide use, if only for economic reasons. Modern superintendents are often among the first to say that sustainable course management could be a win/win for the environment \u003cem>and\u003c/em> the club’s bottom line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, take North Carolina’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.pinehurst.com/\">Pinehurst Resort\u003c/a>, which will be the home of the U.S. Open in 2014. Over the past three years the resort’s famed Pinehurst \u003ca href=\"http://www.golfclubatlas.com/courses-by-country/usa/pinehurst-no-2-2/\">No. 2 course has been restored\u003c/a> to what golfers call its “midcentury glory,” and what environmentalists call sustainable land management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/pinehurst_flag.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62003\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/pinehurst_flag-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Pinehurst No. 2 eliminated its manicured rough areas and is now a member of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Safe Harbor Program.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pinehurst No. 2 eliminated its manicured rough areas and is now a member of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Safe Harbor Program.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When \u003ca href=\"http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/agcomm/news-center/perspectives/pinehurst-no-2-goes-native/\">restoring Pinehurst No. 2\u003c/a>, the club made environmentally sound decisions based on economic principles. Cutting the irrigated acreage back from 90 to 50 acres saved mowing, irrigation, pesticide, and maintenance costs. Restoring maintained turf back to natural areas -- “no mow zones” as they are sometimes called -- provided habitat for species like the red-cockaded woodpecker. “We were the first private landowner to sign up for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Safe Harbor Program,” says Bob Farren, director of golf course and grounds management for the Pinehurst Resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60879\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/DSC_NCSU.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-60879 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/DSC_NCSU-485x360.jpg\" alt=\"The water coming off NC State University's golf course is cleaner than the water that runs onto it. Photo by David Huppert\" width=\"340\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Danesha Seth Carley, a plant pathologist with NC State University, says native species like the longleaf pine thrive at Lonnie Poole.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Danesha Seth Carley, a plant pathologist and director of sustainability development at North Carolina State University, was initially suspicious of claims of environmentally sustainable courses. “I was that person looking in at golf courses saying they are so unsustainable, it is a joke to consider a golf course sustainable,” said Seth Carley. But she changed her tune after working with the designers of the university’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.lonniepoolegolfcourse.com/\">Lonnie Poole golf course\u003c/a>. The university course uses reclaimed water for fairway irrigation and water from rainwater retention ponds for green irrigation, eliminating the need to use potable water. The course also boasts 50-foot buffers along all waterways, enabling Lonnie Poole to do something golf courses have long done but people do not necessarily appreciate: filter runoff water. “The water coming off the course is cleaner than the water running onto the course,” Seth Carley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some courses offer more than just cleaner water. NCSU’s Lonnie Poole is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/agcomm/news-center/media-releases/poole-golf-course-receives-audubon-international-certification/\">certified Audubon International Signature Golf Course Sanctuary\u003c/a>, and Seth Carley said she’s seen the wildlife to prove it -- foxes, herons, raccoons, and beaver. “The deer don’t care whether the fairways are manicured,” she says. “They go out and forage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60882\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 344px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Pinehurst_cactus.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-60882\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Pinehurst_cactus-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"The "rough" areas at Pinehurst No. 2 just got a lot spikier. A field guide describing all the course's native species will be distributed at the 2014 U.S. Open.\" width=\"344\" height=\"229\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The \"rough\" areas at Pinehurst No. 2 just got a lot spikier. A field guide describing all the course's native species will be distributed at the 2014 U.S. Open.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although a golf course is still a far cry from being the untouched wild area that it once was, bear in mind that many golf courses are built on abandoned agricultural land. “I tell people we’ve increased biodiversity,” said Seth Carley. “We have broomsedge and bluestem, warm season native grasses. The concept of the area is sort of old field progression.” Ironically, Seth Carley was criticized for reintroducing longleaf pine, the area’s original inhabitant, because post-agricultural North Carolina no longer supports that ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Course superintendents and environmentalists may come at the issue from different angles, but they all seem to advocate the same thing: more natural areas, more responsible use of water, fertilizer, and pesticides, and greater community access. “I say ‘wildlife habitat,’” said Seth Carley, “they don’t say that. They’re just thinking ‘I don’t want to mow, I don’t want to feed, I don’t want to manage that much grass.’”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/54675/improving-golfs-environmental-scorecard","authors":["10498"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_8","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12269","quest_12343","quest_12344","quest_12341","quest_12342","quest_10298","quest_2141","quest_12340","quest_2349","quest_3290","quest_12339","quest_2844","quest_10363","quest_10303"],"featImg":"quest_62005","label":"quest"},"quest_54073":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_54073","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"54073","score":null,"sort":[1378216825000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"from-high-rise-to-low-impact-a-building-that-mimics-a-forest","title":"From High-Rise to Low Impact: A Building That Mimics a Forest","publishDate":1378216825,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59677\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59677 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1.jpg\" alt=\"Bullitt Center Seattle Green Building Living Building Challenge\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Bullitt Center, a six-story commercial structure that opened this summer in Seattle, is considered the world's greenest office building. Photo courtesy KCTS 9\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s nearly 100 feet tall, fed by the sun and rain that fall on it, and is composed largely of wood. But it’s not a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59683\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59683\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_forest-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bullitt_forest\" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy KCTS 9\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s the world’s greenest office building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://bullittcenter.org/\">Bullitt Center\u003c/a>, finished in the summer of 2013 and located on the edge of Seattle’s downtown, is designed to mimic the Douglas fir forests that once stood on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powered by sun and fed by rainwater, the building doesn't produce any waste. Its automated window shades open and close like an organism’s pupil, regulating the amount of light that enters. The 600-panel solar array, which is expected to generate all the energy the building needs in a year, is arranged on the roof so that rays of sunlight can pass through and create a dappled pattern on the sidewalk below — similar to the way light passes through a forest canopy. And all the wood used in the structure came from local forests that harvest trees sustainably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designed to be as self sufficient as any arboreal ecosystem, the center also has a 56,000-gallon cistern, which will provide tenants with all their water needs. All waste generated will be treated on site thanks to the world's first six-story composting toilet system, and a rain garden will filter the wastewater from sinks, showers, and floor drains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nature has had a long time to figure out how to live successfully on this planet,” says Jason F. McLennan, founder and creator of the \u003ca href=\"http://living-future.org/lbc\">Living Building Challenge\u003c/a>, the most rigorous certification process for green building. “There is a lot we can learn from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://player.vimeo.com/video/64281701]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imitating the processes, systems, and designs found in nature, or \u003ca href=\"http://biomimicry.net/about/biomimicry/case-examples/\">biomimicry\u003c/a>, has inspired such things as swimsuits for Olympic athletes (sharkskin), hook-and-loop fasteners (burdock seed husks), and highly efficient turbines (humpback whale fins). Although biomimicry has been around for a while, it is attracting renewed attention as a way to create more eco-friendly designs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought we could circumvent the laws of nature with our cleverness and by our ability to manipulate materials and fossil fuels,” says Robert Peña, associate professor of architecture at the University of Washington’s Integrated Design Lab and a Bullitt Center design consultant. “But a lot of us are realizing that we circumvent those laws at our own peril. And we’re rediscovering biomimicry as an important part of the solution to our environmental challenges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59687\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_solar.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59687 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_solar-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bullitt Center Seattle Green Building Living Building Challenge\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 600-panel solar array is expected to supply all the energy the building needs. Photo courtesy KCTS 9\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One example of the discipline’s resurgence is the Living Building Challenge, which advocates for biomimicry-inspired design solutions. The Challenge has grown steadily since its inception in 2006, and now more than 200 projects around the world, including the Bullitt Center, are attempting to qualify for “Living Building” status. Unlike other green building certifications, living buildings must prove for a full year that they are in balance with nature. They must generate all their own energy from renewable sources; their water needs must be met by the precipitation that falls on them; and they must treat wastewater and sewage on site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of mimicking a Douglas fir forest, the Bullitt Center is 80 percent more efficient than a typical commercial structure. And building more efficient spaces has the potential not only to address many of America’s energy issues but also to blunt the impacts of climate change, Peña says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About 48 percent of the overall energy we use in the United States is consumed by buildings,” he says. “So we have a huge opportunity to reduce the carbon we put into the atmosphere by making more efficient and effective use of buildings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peña hopes the Bullitt Center will inspire other builders and help spark a green building boom. For that reason, the structure was built in a way that could be replicated. And the Center’s designers plan on sharing their newfound knowledge with the wider building community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this building is still the greenest of its type in a decade, we’ll have utterly failed,” Peña adds. “It’s all about inspiring the next generation of designers, builders, and rule makers to do it and do it better.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In the search for greater efficiency, green builders are looking to nature for answers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443823750,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":788},"headData":{"title":"From High-Rise to Low Impact: A Building That Mimics a Forest | KQED","description":"In the search for greater efficiency, green builders are looking to nature for answers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"54073 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=54073","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/09/03/from-high-rise-to-low-impact-a-building-that-mimics-a-forest/","disqusTitle":"From High-Rise to Low Impact: A Building That Mimics a Forest","path":"/quest/54073/from-high-rise-to-low-impact-a-building-that-mimics-a-forest","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59677\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59677 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1.jpg\" alt=\"Bullitt Center Seattle Green Building Living Building Challenge\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_feature1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Bullitt Center, a six-story commercial structure that opened this summer in Seattle, is considered the world's greenest office building. Photo courtesy KCTS 9\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s nearly 100 feet tall, fed by the sun and rain that fall on it, and is composed largely of wood. But it’s not a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59683\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59683\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_forest-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bullitt_forest\" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy KCTS 9\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s the world’s greenest office building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://bullittcenter.org/\">Bullitt Center\u003c/a>, finished in the summer of 2013 and located on the edge of Seattle’s downtown, is designed to mimic the Douglas fir forests that once stood on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powered by sun and fed by rainwater, the building doesn't produce any waste. Its automated window shades open and close like an organism’s pupil, regulating the amount of light that enters. The 600-panel solar array, which is expected to generate all the energy the building needs in a year, is arranged on the roof so that rays of sunlight can pass through and create a dappled pattern on the sidewalk below — similar to the way light passes through a forest canopy. And all the wood used in the structure came from local forests that harvest trees sustainably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designed to be as self sufficient as any arboreal ecosystem, the center also has a 56,000-gallon cistern, which will provide tenants with all their water needs. All waste generated will be treated on site thanks to the world's first six-story composting toilet system, and a rain garden will filter the wastewater from sinks, showers, and floor drains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nature has had a long time to figure out how to live successfully on this planet,” says Jason F. McLennan, founder and creator of the \u003ca href=\"http://living-future.org/lbc\">Living Building Challenge\u003c/a>, the most rigorous certification process for green building. “There is a lot we can learn from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>null\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imitating the processes, systems, and designs found in nature, or \u003ca href=\"http://biomimicry.net/about/biomimicry/case-examples/\">biomimicry\u003c/a>, has inspired such things as swimsuits for Olympic athletes (sharkskin), hook-and-loop fasteners (burdock seed husks), and highly efficient turbines (humpback whale fins). Although biomimicry has been around for a while, it is attracting renewed attention as a way to create more eco-friendly designs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought we could circumvent the laws of nature with our cleverness and by our ability to manipulate materials and fossil fuels,” says Robert Peña, associate professor of architecture at the University of Washington’s Integrated Design Lab and a Bullitt Center design consultant. “But a lot of us are realizing that we circumvent those laws at our own peril. And we’re rediscovering biomimicry as an important part of the solution to our environmental challenges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59687\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_solar.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-59687 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Bullitt_solar-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bullitt Center Seattle Green Building Living Building Challenge\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 600-panel solar array is expected to supply all the energy the building needs. Photo courtesy KCTS 9\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One example of the discipline’s resurgence is the Living Building Challenge, which advocates for biomimicry-inspired design solutions. The Challenge has grown steadily since its inception in 2006, and now more than 200 projects around the world, including the Bullitt Center, are attempting to qualify for “Living Building” status. Unlike other green building certifications, living buildings must prove for a full year that they are in balance with nature. They must generate all their own energy from renewable sources; their water needs must be met by the precipitation that falls on them; and they must treat wastewater and sewage on site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of mimicking a Douglas fir forest, the Bullitt Center is 80 percent more efficient than a typical commercial structure. And building more efficient spaces has the potential not only to address many of America’s energy issues but also to blunt the impacts of climate change, Peña says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“About 48 percent of the overall energy we use in the United States is consumed by buildings,” he says. “So we have a huge opportunity to reduce the carbon we put into the atmosphere by making more efficient and effective use of buildings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peña hopes the Bullitt Center will inspire other builders and help spark a green building boom. For that reason, the structure was built in a way that could be replicated. And the Center’s designers plan on sharing their newfound knowledge with the wider building community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this building is still the greenest of its type in a decade, we’ll have utterly failed,” Peña adds. “It’s all about inspiring the next generation of designers, builders, and rule makers to do it and do it better.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/54073/from-high-rise-to-low-impact-a-building-that-mimics-a-forest","authors":["10446"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8"],"tags":["quest_332","quest_12218","quest_13197","quest_12512","quest_12269","quest_10887","quest_12498","quest_12513","quest_12219","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_12146","quest_2700","quest_2844","quest_10210","quest_10806"],"featImg":"quest_59677","label":"quest"},"quest_27960":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_27960","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"27960","score":null,"sort":[1323190813000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"songbirds-as-a-measure-of-farm-sustainability","title":"Songbirds as a Measure of Farm Sustainability","publishDate":1323190813,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27964\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/dickcissel.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27964\" title=\"dickcissel\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/dickcissel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Dickcissel - a grassland bird. Photo Credit: Amy Larson \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dickcissel - a grassland bird. Photo Credit: Amy Larson\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In an effort to improve the sustainability and health of their land, farmers are increasingly interested in taking a systems approach to farmland management. A systems approach acknowledges the key connections between ecological, economic, and social components. Given the ensuing complexity, measuring the health of a farm system requires good diagnostic tools. In addition, these tools need to be clear and straightforward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our current effort at the University of Nebraska Lincoln to develop a set of such indicators for farmers, the \u003ca href=\"http://hfi.unl.edu/hfi.shtml\">Healthy Farm Index\u003c/a>, focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem services at the farm scale. One indicator in the index is the presences of a given set of birds on the farm. Birds are a popular indicator because they are sensitive to change in farm practices, found broadly in the environment, and are easy to detect by sight and sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ability to detect birds by sound has spurred our research group to develop resources to aid farmers and other people interested in the songs and calls of farmland birds. As researchers, we use auditory detections of birds as one of our primary monitoring tools. With acoustic recorders, we have recorded the songs and calls of our local bird communities. Back in the lab, we use software to identify and isolate the best songs and calls. These vocalizations have been posted to our website, \u003ca href=\"http://mediahub.unl.edu/channels/186\">Farmland Birds of Nebraska\u003c/a>, and distributed back to farmers and others interested on CDs. With the acoustic recordings, farmers can select a group of indicator species suitable for their area, learn its call, and listen for the bird while working in the field. This information can be used by the farmer in assessing their own farm or can be shared more broadly with researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recordings also allow farmers to share with consumers (many of whom are birders) an added environmental benefit of their farm. This spring we were able to take these recorded vocalizations back to one of our participating farms. In partnership with \u003ca href=\"http://www.commongoodfarm.com/\">Common Good Farm\u003c/a>, we hosted a “Birding on the Farm” tour. Local residents and other farmers spent the morning listening for and identifying the community of birds at the farm. New and experienced birders alike were surprised at the diversity found on the single farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming months, we are expanding our network of recorders. This winter we will be monitoring winter bird communities on participating farms and testing the influences that road noise may have on bird vocalization and communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"John Quinn, a researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, explains how he collects and uses bird calls to establish an indicator for farm healthiness known as the Healthy Farm Index. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366754361,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":422},"headData":{"title":"Songbirds as a Measure of Farm Sustainability | KQED","description":"John Quinn, a researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, explains how he collects and uses bird calls to establish an indicator for farm healthiness known as the Healthy Farm Index. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"27960 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=27960","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/06/songbirds-as-a-measure-of-farm-sustainability/","disqusTitle":"Songbirds as a Measure of Farm Sustainability","path":"/quest/27960/songbirds-as-a-measure-of-farm-sustainability","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27964\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/dickcissel.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27964\" title=\"dickcissel\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/dickcissel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Dickcissel - a grassland bird. Photo Credit: Amy Larson \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dickcissel - a grassland bird. Photo Credit: Amy Larson\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In an effort to improve the sustainability and health of their land, farmers are increasingly interested in taking a systems approach to farmland management. A systems approach acknowledges the key connections between ecological, economic, and social components. Given the ensuing complexity, measuring the health of a farm system requires good diagnostic tools. In addition, these tools need to be clear and straightforward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our current effort at the University of Nebraska Lincoln to develop a set of such indicators for farmers, the \u003ca href=\"http://hfi.unl.edu/hfi.shtml\">Healthy Farm Index\u003c/a>, focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem services at the farm scale. One indicator in the index is the presences of a given set of birds on the farm. Birds are a popular indicator because they are sensitive to change in farm practices, found broadly in the environment, and are easy to detect by sight and sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ability to detect birds by sound has spurred our research group to develop resources to aid farmers and other people interested in the songs and calls of farmland birds. As researchers, we use auditory detections of birds as one of our primary monitoring tools. With acoustic recorders, we have recorded the songs and calls of our local bird communities. Back in the lab, we use software to identify and isolate the best songs and calls. These vocalizations have been posted to our website, \u003ca href=\"http://mediahub.unl.edu/channels/186\">Farmland Birds of Nebraska\u003c/a>, and distributed back to farmers and others interested on CDs. With the acoustic recordings, farmers can select a group of indicator species suitable for their area, learn its call, and listen for the bird while working in the field. This information can be used by the farmer in assessing their own farm or can be shared more broadly with researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recordings also allow farmers to share with consumers (many of whom are birders) an added environmental benefit of their farm. This spring we were able to take these recorded vocalizations back to one of our participating farms. In partnership with \u003ca href=\"http://www.commongoodfarm.com/\">Common Good Farm\u003c/a>, we hosted a “Birding on the Farm” tour. Local residents and other farmers spent the morning listening for and identifying the community of birds at the farm. New and experienced birders alike were surprised at the diversity found on the single farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming months, we are expanding our network of recorders. This winter we will be monitoring winter bird communities on participating farms and testing the influences that road noise may have on bird vocalization and communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/27960/songbirds-as-a-measure-of-farm-sustainability","authors":["10309"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3229"],"tags":["quest_10512","quest_10513","quest_85","quest_252","quest_326","quest_10514","quest_921","quest_1073","quest_10510","quest_3351","quest_3930","quest_3929","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3289","quest_2731","quest_2844","quest_13364","quest_10511"],"featImg":"quest_27963","label":"quest"},"quest_13188":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_13188","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"13188","score":null,"sort":[1303318805000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"biomimicry-abounds-in-the-bay-area","title":"Biomimicry Abounds in the Bay Area","publishDate":1303318805,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Biomimicry Abounds in the Bay Area | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/quest3.jpeg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Scientists are trying to mimic the ability of spiders to produce ultra-strong fibers without the use of heat or toxins.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underwater glue, molecular-sized solar cells, self-assembly, insect communication, swarm behavior, genetic algorithms – what do these biological phenomena have in common? These are all inspiring innovation through a process called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/003625.html\">biomimicry\u003c/a>.” Biomimicry is budding in the Bay Area in the form of new business technologies, design think tanks, and K-university curriculum. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By bringing biologists to the design table, biomimicry offers solutions for increasing sustainability of products, processes, and systems. \u003ca href=\"http://www.popsci.com/\">Popular Science \u003c/a>published an article in March interviewing \u003ca href=\"http://www.biomimicryguild.com/\">Biomimicry Guild\u003c/a>‘s Tim McGee on how \u003ca href=\"http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-03/gallery-six-ways-biomimicry-reshaping-future\">bio-inspired design is reshaping the future\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biomimicry is gaining widespread recognition for its interdisciplinary approach to innovation. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ced.berkeley.edu/\">College of Environmental Design at UC Berkeley\u003c/a> hosted \u003ca href=\"http://webcast.berkeley.edu/event_details.php?seriesid=392134d0-4cbf-4495-accd-dad66bd017de\">Janine Benyus’s talk on biomimicry\u003c/a> and the future of architecture and environmental design last February. Recognizing the opportunities that abound through interdisciplinary collaboration, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideo.com/work/reference-design-for-asknatureorg-website-portal\">IDEO\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=12089947\">Autodesk\u003c/a> designed and built a digital library of nature’s strategy’s called \u003ca href=\"http://www.asknature.org\">AskNature\u003c/a>. Conventional businesses are even being challenged to address and improve organizational, IT, and design challenges using concepts and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fastcodesign.com/1661865/could-biomimicry-build-a-better-company-than-your-boss\">expertise from octopi and flamingos\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the buzz, actually designing and building things that are biomimetic is quite challenging. Stanford lecturer and designer \u003ca href=\"http://www.faludidesign.com/\">Jeremy Faludi\u003c/a> attests, “Most designers, engineers, architects, and other people who build things just don’t know that much about biology and the natural world, and when they do, there’s often a gap of capability in available materials manufacturing methods, and economic systems.” Even the most creative people can get stuck thinking along certain lines. Defining a design problem is challenging and finding \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/003680.html\">strategies in nature that inspire solutions\u003c/a> can be even trickier.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/swarm22.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/swarm22.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"swarm2\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/swarm22.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/swarm22-400x273.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Researchers study swarm behavior for more efficient computing.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new interdisciplinary course at UC Berkeley, “How Would Nature Do That?”, tackles these challenges through project-based learning. Students from architecture, engineering, business, science, and design disciplines learn from each other and nature to implement innovative solutions to sustainable design challenges. By offering case studies of biomimicry, along with guest lectures and a series of design challenges, instructors \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenr.com/blog/2010/01/13/the-year-in-biomimicry-by-tom-mckeag\">Tom McKeag\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://polypedal.berkeley.edu/twiki/bin/view/PolyPEDAL/ProfessorsOffice\">Dr. Robert Full\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://epmb.berkeley.edu/facPage/dispFP.php?I=7\">Dr. Lewis Feldman\u003c/a> hope students will gain exposure to multiple methods for design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Robert Full uses bio-inspired design and established the UCB \u003ca href=\"http://ciber.berkeley.edu/cgi-bitwiki/view/CIBER/CenterContact\">Center for Interdisciplinary Bio-inspiration in Education and Research\u003c/a> (CIBER). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago I visited the class, which is held at the \u003ca>Cal Design Space\u003c/a>. Several student teams were previewing some of their ideas; one team was tasked with designing a sustainable humidity control system for a greenhouse. Discovering that the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_beetle\">Hercules beetle\u003c/a> changes color with changes in humidity, the team conceptualized a filtration membrane that activated upon sensing changes in color. In addition, I was delighted to hear renowned biomechanist \u003ca href=\"http://fds.duke.edu/db/aas/Biology/svogel\">Dr. Steven Vogel\u003c/a> of Duke University give a presentation on his previous work. His talk inspired students to consider designing passive \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC\">HVAC systems\u003c/a> based on his observations of limpets, sand dollars, fish nostrils, rhododendrons, desert spiders and many other examples. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course is sponsored by \u003ca href=\"http://www.qualcomm.com/qmt/\">Qualcomm’s MEMS Technology Unit\u003c/a> and is a joint effort of the \u003ca href=\"http://cnr.berkeley.edu/site/index.php\">College of Natural Resources\u003c/a>, and the \u003ca href=\"http://ls.berkeley.edu/\">College of Letters & Science\u003c/a>. Highlights from the course include guest lecturer Dr. Michael Weinstock from the Architectural Association of London and author of the “\u003ca>\u003c/a>Architecture of Emergence,” as well as visits to the CIBER lab, tidepooling at Duxbury Reef in Bolinas and a field trip to Qualcomm in San Jose. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biomimicry education can also be found in other sustainability courses and centers in the Bay Area. Cabrillo College’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cabrillo.edu/~mmerrill/anthr19g.htm\">sustainable cultures class\u003c/a> all incorporate biomimicry principles into design thinking. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a> hosts the daily show \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-11-11/entertainment/24826084_1_humpback-whales-power-plant\">‘Whales to Windmills’: Inspiration from the Sea\u003c/a>, a Biomimicry Institute production. Biomimicry curriculum produced by \u003ca href=\"http://biodreammachine.org/\">BioDream Machine\u003c/a> teaches students at the Marine Science Institute in Redwood City to \u003ca href=\"http://sfbaymsi.org/schoolprograms/Biomimicry.html\">observe different adaptations and functions\u003c/a> within San Francisco Bay marine life. Even the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">Cal Academy of Sciences \u003c/a> devotes a website which introduces \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/sciencetoday/tag/biomimicry/\">bio-inspired technologies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/Blue_morpho_butterfly2.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/Blue_morpho_butterfly2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Blue_morpho_butterfly\" width=\"230\" height=\"208\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-13909\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Qualcomm’s Mirasol display technology uses the same principle of light interference to produce color as does a butterfly wing.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is also a hub for biomimicry technology. Moss Landing-based company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.calera.com/\">Calera\u003c/a>, manufactures a concrete that \u003ca href=\"http://www.calera.com/\">sequesters CO2 by emulating sea coral\u003c/a>. San Rafael’s PAX Scientific developed \u003ca href=\"http://www.paxscientific.com/tech.html\">fluid-handling devices\u003c/a> based on the efficiencies of natural fluid flow. And in Napa, Aquagy uses \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquagy.net/sustainable_wastewater_treatment.html\">anaerobic digestion and microalgae\u003c/a> to treat wastewater in a carbon-negative process. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With any new method of design comes rounds of trial and error. But that’s not stopping investors and researchers. \u003ca href=\"http://www.jwt.com/\">JWT\u003c/a>, a prominent marketing communications brand, announced that \u003ca>biomimicry is the #11 thing to watch in 2011\u003c/a>. With its widespread recognition, biomimicry is certain to inspire real innovation to today’s design challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8729046 -122.2480704\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"By bringing biologists to the design table, biomimicry offers solutions for increasing sustainability of products, processes, and systems. A new UC Berkeley course, \"How Would Nature Do That?\" brings together students from architecture, engineering, business, science, and design disciplines to find solutions to sustainable design challenges.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974290,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":833},"headData":{"title":"Biomimicry Abounds in the Bay Area | KQED","description":"By bringing biologists to the design table, biomimicry offers solutions for increasing sustainability of products, processes, and systems. A new UC Berkeley course, "How Would Nature Do That?" brings together students from architecture, engineering, business, science, and design disciplines to find solutions to sustainable design challenges.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/13188/biomimicry-abounds-in-the-bay-area","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/quest3.jpeg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Scientists are trying to mimic the ability of spiders to produce ultra-strong fibers without the use of heat or toxins.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underwater glue, molecular-sized solar cells, self-assembly, insect communication, swarm behavior, genetic algorithms – what do these biological phenomena have in common? These are all inspiring innovation through a process called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/003625.html\">biomimicry\u003c/a>.” Biomimicry is budding in the Bay Area in the form of new business technologies, design think tanks, and K-university curriculum. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By bringing biologists to the design table, biomimicry offers solutions for increasing sustainability of products, processes, and systems. \u003ca href=\"http://www.popsci.com/\">Popular Science \u003c/a>published an article in March interviewing \u003ca href=\"http://www.biomimicryguild.com/\">Biomimicry Guild\u003c/a>‘s Tim McGee on how \u003ca href=\"http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-03/gallery-six-ways-biomimicry-reshaping-future\">bio-inspired design is reshaping the future\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biomimicry is gaining widespread recognition for its interdisciplinary approach to innovation. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ced.berkeley.edu/\">College of Environmental Design at UC Berkeley\u003c/a> hosted \u003ca href=\"http://webcast.berkeley.edu/event_details.php?seriesid=392134d0-4cbf-4495-accd-dad66bd017de\">Janine Benyus’s talk on biomimicry\u003c/a> and the future of architecture and environmental design last February. Recognizing the opportunities that abound through interdisciplinary collaboration, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideo.com/work/reference-design-for-asknatureorg-website-portal\">IDEO\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=12089947\">Autodesk\u003c/a> designed and built a digital library of nature’s strategy’s called \u003ca href=\"http://www.asknature.org\">AskNature\u003c/a>. Conventional businesses are even being challenged to address and improve organizational, IT, and design challenges using concepts and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fastcodesign.com/1661865/could-biomimicry-build-a-better-company-than-your-boss\">expertise from octopi and flamingos\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the buzz, actually designing and building things that are biomimetic is quite challenging. Stanford lecturer and designer \u003ca href=\"http://www.faludidesign.com/\">Jeremy Faludi\u003c/a> attests, “Most designers, engineers, architects, and other people who build things just don’t know that much about biology and the natural world, and when they do, there’s often a gap of capability in available materials manufacturing methods, and economic systems.” Even the most creative people can get stuck thinking along certain lines. Defining a design problem is challenging and finding \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/003680.html\">strategies in nature that inspire solutions\u003c/a> can be even trickier.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/swarm22.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/swarm22.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"swarm2\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/swarm22.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/swarm22-400x273.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Researchers study swarm behavior for more efficient computing.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new interdisciplinary course at UC Berkeley, “How Would Nature Do That?”, tackles these challenges through project-based learning. Students from architecture, engineering, business, science, and design disciplines learn from each other and nature to implement innovative solutions to sustainable design challenges. By offering case studies of biomimicry, along with guest lectures and a series of design challenges, instructors \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenr.com/blog/2010/01/13/the-year-in-biomimicry-by-tom-mckeag\">Tom McKeag\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://polypedal.berkeley.edu/twiki/bin/view/PolyPEDAL/ProfessorsOffice\">Dr. Robert Full\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://epmb.berkeley.edu/facPage/dispFP.php?I=7\">Dr. Lewis Feldman\u003c/a> hope students will gain exposure to multiple methods for design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Robert Full uses bio-inspired design and established the UCB \u003ca href=\"http://ciber.berkeley.edu/cgi-bitwiki/view/CIBER/CenterContact\">Center for Interdisciplinary Bio-inspiration in Education and Research\u003c/a> (CIBER). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago I visited the class, which is held at the \u003ca>Cal Design Space\u003c/a>. Several student teams were previewing some of their ideas; one team was tasked with designing a sustainable humidity control system for a greenhouse. Discovering that the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_beetle\">Hercules beetle\u003c/a> changes color with changes in humidity, the team conceptualized a filtration membrane that activated upon sensing changes in color. In addition, I was delighted to hear renowned biomechanist \u003ca href=\"http://fds.duke.edu/db/aas/Biology/svogel\">Dr. Steven Vogel\u003c/a> of Duke University give a presentation on his previous work. His talk inspired students to consider designing passive \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC\">HVAC systems\u003c/a> based on his observations of limpets, sand dollars, fish nostrils, rhododendrons, desert spiders and many other examples. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course is sponsored by \u003ca href=\"http://www.qualcomm.com/qmt/\">Qualcomm’s MEMS Technology Unit\u003c/a> and is a joint effort of the \u003ca href=\"http://cnr.berkeley.edu/site/index.php\">College of Natural Resources\u003c/a>, and the \u003ca href=\"http://ls.berkeley.edu/\">College of Letters & Science\u003c/a>. Highlights from the course include guest lecturer Dr. Michael Weinstock from the Architectural Association of London and author of the “\u003ca>\u003c/a>Architecture of Emergence,” as well as visits to the CIBER lab, tidepooling at Duxbury Reef in Bolinas and a field trip to Qualcomm in San Jose. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biomimicry education can also be found in other sustainability courses and centers in the Bay Area. Cabrillo College’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cabrillo.edu/~mmerrill/anthr19g.htm\">sustainable cultures class\u003c/a> all incorporate biomimicry principles into design thinking. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a> hosts the daily show \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-11-11/entertainment/24826084_1_humpback-whales-power-plant\">‘Whales to Windmills’: Inspiration from the Sea\u003c/a>, a Biomimicry Institute production. Biomimicry curriculum produced by \u003ca href=\"http://biodreammachine.org/\">BioDream Machine\u003c/a> teaches students at the Marine Science Institute in Redwood City to \u003ca href=\"http://sfbaymsi.org/schoolprograms/Biomimicry.html\">observe different adaptations and functions\u003c/a> within San Francisco Bay marine life. Even the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">Cal Academy of Sciences \u003c/a> devotes a website which introduces \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/sciencetoday/tag/biomimicry/\">bio-inspired technologies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/Blue_morpho_butterfly2.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/Blue_morpho_butterfly2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Blue_morpho_butterfly\" width=\"230\" height=\"208\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-13909\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Qualcomm’s Mirasol display technology uses the same principle of light interference to produce color as does a butterfly wing.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is also a hub for biomimicry technology. Moss Landing-based company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.calera.com/\">Calera\u003c/a>, manufactures a concrete that \u003ca href=\"http://www.calera.com/\">sequesters CO2 by emulating sea coral\u003c/a>. San Rafael’s PAX Scientific developed \u003ca href=\"http://www.paxscientific.com/tech.html\">fluid-handling devices\u003c/a> based on the efficiencies of natural fluid flow. And in Napa, Aquagy uses \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquagy.net/sustainable_wastewater_treatment.html\">anaerobic digestion and microalgae\u003c/a> to treat wastewater in a carbon-negative process. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With any new method of design comes rounds of trial and error. But that’s not stopping investors and researchers. \u003ca href=\"http://www.jwt.com/\">JWT\u003c/a>, a prominent marketing communications brand, announced that \u003ca>biomimicry is the #11 thing to watch in 2011\u003c/a>. With its widespread recognition, biomimicry is certain to inspire real innovation to today’s design challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8729046 -122.2480704\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/13188/biomimicry-abounds-in-the-bay-area","authors":["10220"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8"],"tags":["quest_202","quest_323","quest_332","quest_3484","quest_3490","quest_3515","quest_3525","quest_814","quest_13197","quest_3598","quest_3600","quest_3617","quest_2844","quest_3021"],"featImg":"quest_13326","label":"quest"},"quest_7685":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_7685","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"7685","score":null,"sort":[1282868012000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kepler-scientists-find-new-planetary-system","title":"Kepler Scientists Find New Planetary System","publishDate":1282868012,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/477859main_KeplerSinglePanelStill.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Artist's rendering of exoplanets around a star. (credit: NASA)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of researchers, led by NASA scientists in Mountain View, announced on Thursday the discovery of at least two Saturn-sized planets outside of our solar system orbiting the same Sun-like star. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of these extra-solar planets or ‘exoplanets’ marks the first major discovery from the $600 million \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">Kepler\u003c/a> mission which launched in March 2009 on a quest to find planets similar to Earth in their composition and size that could possibly sustain life. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mission is designed to find several hundred such planets if they exist” said William Borucki, Principal Investigator of the Kepler science mission, based at NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two new exoplanets which the astronomers named Kepler 9-b and Kepler- 9c – are 2,000 light years away in the Lyra constellation, and were found after analyzing seven months of data from 156,000 stars. Scientists believe the two planets are comprised of hydrogen and helium and are slightly less massive than Saturn, with the bigger of the two planets – Kepler-9b – orbiting the Kepler-9 star in 39 days, about twice as long as the orbit time for the other planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1995, a Swiss team found the first exoplanet passing in front of a star. Since then, there have been nearly 500 exoplanets discovered, though most of these have been large, Jupiter-sized planets that wouldn’t be capable of supporting life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These large exoplanets were found with ground-based telescopes but now missions like Kepler and the European Space Agency’s COROT mission, which launched in December 2006, add an additional tool for exoplanet discovery with space-based telescopes that are powerful enough and presumably close enough to detect smaller, Earth-sized exoplanets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mankind has been asking the question, ‘are there other planets out there, is there other life out there?’”, said Borucki. “In the next few years, we'll have answers to some of these questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help answer these questions, the Kepler spacecraft telescope is positioned 18 million miles from Earth, staring at hundreds of billions of stars. It can view more than 100,000 stars at a time that are a few hundred to a few thousand light years from the sun. A light year is roughly 6 trillion miles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telescope instrument is more than three feet wide, armed with an array of light sensor detectors akin to those found in a digital camera, only more powerful. But instead of taking pictures of a star, it measures the temporary dips in brightness from a star when a planet transits, or passes in front of the star. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By measuring these dips, how often they occur and how long it takes the planet to transit the star, scientists can confirm the existence of an exoplanet and how far it is from its star. By adding Kepler’s measurements to ground-based telescopes measuring the properties of stars, they can calculate the planet’s temperature, its mass and they can even infer the composition of the planet– whether it contains a rocky core or is mostly gas, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/476590main_TransitSignature_Mu10D0C0C.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Transit signature of a multi-planet system (credit: NASA)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists said that it’s too soon to definitively confirm the existence of a third possible planet – about 1.5 times the radius of Earth – orbiting the Kepler-9 star. If it is confirmed, it would be the smallest exoplanet found to date transiting a star. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this small planet would still be too hot to exist in the ‘habitable zone’ where water and possibly life could exist, given its close, 1.6 day orbit around its star. Similarly, the surfaces of the two confirmed gas giant exoplanets are estimated to be more than 2300 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, by studying the orbits of the new exoplanets, scientists hope to uncover additional information, such as the formation and migration of planets as they gravitationally pull and tug at each other when orbiting the same star.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the Kepler team announced they had identified more than 700 “candidate” exoplanets after the first 43 days of data collection, including six candidate planetary systems that appeared to contain more than one transiting planet in them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the challenge scientists have when identifying smaller exoplanets that transit in an orbit similar to Earth is that such transits occur only about once a year, compared to the more frequent, shorter transits associated generally with hotter, larger planets. So they need a sequence of four transits, typically, to get enough reliable data to confirm the existence of Earth-size planets, which is why the Kepler mission was designed to run for nearly four years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are already looking ahead to future missions which may be able to expand upon Kepler’s discoveries. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are missions on the planning board that may be able to tell us what the atmospheres are like around these planets, do they have water in them, do they have C02 in them like our Earth’s atmosphere, do they have oxygen?”, Borucki said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.52119957659491 -122.0086669921875\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A team of researchers, led by NASA scientists in Mountain View, announced on Thursday the discovery of at least two Saturn-sized planets outside of our solar system orbiting the same Sun-like star.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1282868012,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":883},"headData":{"title":"Kepler Scientists Find New Planetary System | KQED","description":"A team of researchers, led by NASA scientists in Mountain View, announced on Thursday the discovery of at least two Saturn-sized planets outside of our solar system orbiting the same Sun-like star.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"7685 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2010/08/26/kepler-scientists-find-new-planetary-system/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/26/kepler-scientists-find-new-planetary-system/","disqusTitle":"Kepler Scientists Find New Planetary System","path":"/quest/7685/kepler-scientists-find-new-planetary-system","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/477859main_KeplerSinglePanelStill.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Artist's rendering of exoplanets around a star. (credit: NASA)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of researchers, led by NASA scientists in Mountain View, announced on Thursday the discovery of at least two Saturn-sized planets outside of our solar system orbiting the same Sun-like star. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of these extra-solar planets or ‘exoplanets’ marks the first major discovery from the $600 million \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">Kepler\u003c/a> mission which launched in March 2009 on a quest to find planets similar to Earth in their composition and size that could possibly sustain life. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mission is designed to find several hundred such planets if they exist” said William Borucki, Principal Investigator of the Kepler science mission, based at NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two new exoplanets which the astronomers named Kepler 9-b and Kepler- 9c – are 2,000 light years away in the Lyra constellation, and were found after analyzing seven months of data from 156,000 stars. Scientists believe the two planets are comprised of hydrogen and helium and are slightly less massive than Saturn, with the bigger of the two planets – Kepler-9b – orbiting the Kepler-9 star in 39 days, about twice as long as the orbit time for the other planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1995, a Swiss team found the first exoplanet passing in front of a star. Since then, there have been nearly 500 exoplanets discovered, though most of these have been large, Jupiter-sized planets that wouldn’t be capable of supporting life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These large exoplanets were found with ground-based telescopes but now missions like Kepler and the European Space Agency’s COROT mission, which launched in December 2006, add an additional tool for exoplanet discovery with space-based telescopes that are powerful enough and presumably close enough to detect smaller, Earth-sized exoplanets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mankind has been asking the question, ‘are there other planets out there, is there other life out there?’”, said Borucki. “In the next few years, we'll have answers to some of these questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help answer these questions, the Kepler spacecraft telescope is positioned 18 million miles from Earth, staring at hundreds of billions of stars. It can view more than 100,000 stars at a time that are a few hundred to a few thousand light years from the sun. A light year is roughly 6 trillion miles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telescope instrument is more than three feet wide, armed with an array of light sensor detectors akin to those found in a digital camera, only more powerful. But instead of taking pictures of a star, it measures the temporary dips in brightness from a star when a planet transits, or passes in front of the star. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By measuring these dips, how often they occur and how long it takes the planet to transit the star, scientists can confirm the existence of an exoplanet and how far it is from its star. By adding Kepler’s measurements to ground-based telescopes measuring the properties of stars, they can calculate the planet’s temperature, its mass and they can even infer the composition of the planet– whether it contains a rocky core or is mostly gas, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/476590main_TransitSignature_Mu10D0C0C.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Transit signature of a multi-planet system (credit: NASA)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists said that it’s too soon to definitively confirm the existence of a third possible planet – about 1.5 times the radius of Earth – orbiting the Kepler-9 star. If it is confirmed, it would be the smallest exoplanet found to date transiting a star. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this small planet would still be too hot to exist in the ‘habitable zone’ where water and possibly life could exist, given its close, 1.6 day orbit around its star. Similarly, the surfaces of the two confirmed gas giant exoplanets are estimated to be more than 2300 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, by studying the orbits of the new exoplanets, scientists hope to uncover additional information, such as the formation and migration of planets as they gravitationally pull and tug at each other when orbiting the same star.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the Kepler team announced they had identified more than 700 “candidate” exoplanets after the first 43 days of data collection, including six candidate planetary systems that appeared to contain more than one transiting planet in them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the challenge scientists have when identifying smaller exoplanets that transit in an orbit similar to Earth is that such transits occur only about once a year, compared to the more frequent, shorter transits associated generally with hotter, larger planets. So they need a sequence of four transits, typically, to get enough reliable data to confirm the existence of Earth-size planets, which is why the Kepler mission was designed to run for nearly four years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are already looking ahead to future missions which may be able to expand upon Kepler’s discoveries. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are missions on the planning board that may be able to tell us what the atmospheres are like around these planets, do they have water in them, do they have C02 in them like our Earth’s atmosphere, do they have oxygen?”, Borucki said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.52119957659491 -122.0086669921875\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/7685/kepler-scientists-find-new-planetary-system","authors":["6176"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_66","quest_491","quest_1335","quest_13203","quest_2771","quest_2844"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mindshift2021-tile-3000x3000-1-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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