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Move from watershed to river basin to cross sections of headwaters, streams and rivers for a look at the inner world of surface water using the tabs below the image. Click on the blinking dots for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.stroudcenter.org/rcc/dlo/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This interactive is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\">Surface Water\u003c/a> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pre-viewing Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What does a diverse community of aquatic organisms look like?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Discussion Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Tab 1: There are two continental divides in the U.S. One divide sends rainwater and snowmelt towards the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. The other sends rainwater and snowmelt towards the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific. Can you determine by studying the map where these continental divides are located? How can you tell?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 2: What percentage of the U.S. population gets its drinking water from the Delaware River Watershed?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 3: Draw a diagram that explains the \"stream ordering\" system. Next, locate the stream nearest to your home or school on a map. What order of stream do you think it is?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 4: Examine the pattern of waterways in the Brandywine Basin. Does the pattern remind you of any other patterns in nature? Which ones? How are they similar?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 5: Use the stream order chart to calculate how much of the Brandywine’s total stream miles are headwaters (stream orders 1 and 2).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 6: Use the stream order chart to calculate how much of the Brandywine’s total stream miles are mid-sized streams (stream orders 3 and 4).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 7: Use the stream order chart to find how much of the Brandywine’s total stream miles are river (stream orders 5+).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to tabs 8, 11 and 14 to answer these questions about the Brandywine's headwaters, mid-sized streams, and river.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How does the amount of sunlight available compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do the widths, depths and slopes compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do the rock size and sediment found at the bottom differ?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do the plants found next to the headwaters, mid-sized streams and river support life within the water?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How does the habitat for fish compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How are width, depth, slope and rock size interconnected in each part of the stream system?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to tabs 9, 12 and 15 to answer these questions about the Brandywine's headwaters, mid-sized streams, and river.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How does the abundance and variety of algae compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What roles do wood debris and falling leaves play in the headwaters, mid-sized streams and river?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What roles do bacteria, fungi and detritus have in the stream ecosystem?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are the preferred food sources of shredders, collectors and grazers?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is the difference between a collector-gatherer and a collector-filterer?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to tabs 10, 13 and 16 to answer these questions about the Brandywine's headwaters, mid-sized streams, and river.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Which insects depicted have the shortest life and the longest life spans?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some strategies predators use to find their prey?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What would happen to the fish and birds if the water were too polluted to support a diverse community of aquatic organisms?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Count the ratio of shredders/collectors/grazers/predators in each cross section. How do the ratios change as you move downstream?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Follow-up Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Can you now describe what a diverse community of aquatic organisms looks like?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There is evidence to suggest that the ratios of functional feeding groups that you found in this interactive holds true for the majority of headwaters, mid-sized streams, and rivers in the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)\" target=\"_blank\">Piedmont region\u003c/a> of the United States. The \u003cem>River Continuum\u003c/em> theory describes this dynamic equilibrium, giving us a conceptual model to guide our efforts to repair and restore degraded rivers. How would the \u003cem>River Continuum\u003c/em> concept inform your ability to evaluate any plans for Piedmont stream restoration?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Extension Activity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Use the \u003ca href=\"http://www.stroudcenter.org/lpn/%5d\">Leaf Pack Network\u003c/a> to conduct an investigation about the ratios of shredders/collectors/grazers/predators of your watershed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to the document \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/35/wqs/headwaters/HWH_import_jan2003.pdf\">The Importance and Benefits of Primary Headwater Streams\u003c/a>\" from Ohio EPA. How would the loss of headwaters impact aquatic food webs both inside and outside the waterways?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Links to Learn More\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/35/wqs/headwaters/HWH_import_jan2003.pdf\">The Importance and Benefits of Primary Headwater Streams\u003c/a>, Ohio EPA\u003cbr>\nA one-page primer on the importance of headwaters in sediment, nutrient and flood control\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stroudcenter.org/lpn/%5d\">Leaf Pack Network\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center & National Wildlife Federation.\u003cbr>\nStudents and teachers can investigate their local stream ecosystems using the Leaf Pack Experiment Stream Ecology Kit.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6RKxeREHLc\">Macro-invertebrates\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.caitlintreuting.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Caitlin Treuting\u003c/a> (available on YouTube)\u003cbr>\nThis three-minute amateur video shows larvae underwater with some remarkably clear details.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVMCPXDohgA\">Field Survey of Macro-invertebrates,\u003c/a>Susquehanna River Basin Commission\u003cbr>\nThis three-minute video shows how to sample water quality with macroinvertebrates.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Create a computational simulation to illustrate the relationships among management of natural resources, the sustainability of human populations, and biodiversity.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>HS-ESS3-3. \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea: \u003c/strong>The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources. \u003cstrong>ESS3.B \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cross Cutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Systems and System Models\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Engaging in argument from evidence\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Learn how the physical, chemical, and biological systems within watersheds work together to create a continuum of resilient interconnected ecosystems.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1521668492,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.stroudcenter.org/rcc/dlo/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":875},"headData":{"title":"Navigate a Watershed | KQED","description":"Learn how the physical, chemical, and biological systems within watersheds work together to create a continuum of resilient interconnected ecosystems.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Navigate a Watershed","datePublished":"2014-04-09T16:00:29.000Z","dateModified":"2018-03-21T21:41:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"69046 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=69046","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/09/navigate-a-watershed/","disqusTitle":"Navigate a Watershed","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/69046/navigate-a-watershed","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Learn how the physical and biological systems within watersheds work together to create a continuum of resilient, interconnected ecosystems. Move from watershed to river basin to cross sections of headwaters, streams and rivers for a look at the inner world of surface water using the tabs below the image. Click on the blinking dots for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.stroudcenter.org/rcc/dlo/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This interactive is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\">Surface Water\u003c/a> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pre-viewing Question\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What does a diverse community of aquatic organisms look like?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Discussion Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Tab 1: There are two continental divides in the U.S. One divide sends rainwater and snowmelt towards the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. The other sends rainwater and snowmelt towards the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific. Can you determine by studying the map where these continental divides are located? How can you tell?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 2: What percentage of the U.S. population gets its drinking water from the Delaware River Watershed?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 3: Draw a diagram that explains the \"stream ordering\" system. Next, locate the stream nearest to your home or school on a map. What order of stream do you think it is?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 4: Examine the pattern of waterways in the Brandywine Basin. Does the pattern remind you of any other patterns in nature? Which ones? How are they similar?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 5: Use the stream order chart to calculate how much of the Brandywine’s total stream miles are headwaters (stream orders 1 and 2).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 6: Use the stream order chart to calculate how much of the Brandywine’s total stream miles are mid-sized streams (stream orders 3 and 4).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tab 7: Use the stream order chart to find how much of the Brandywine’s total stream miles are river (stream orders 5+).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to tabs 8, 11 and 14 to answer these questions about the Brandywine's headwaters, mid-sized streams, and river.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How does the amount of sunlight available compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do the widths, depths and slopes compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do the rock size and sediment found at the bottom differ?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do the plants found next to the headwaters, mid-sized streams and river support life within the water?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How does the habitat for fish compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How are width, depth, slope and rock size interconnected in each part of the stream system?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to tabs 9, 12 and 15 to answer these questions about the Brandywine's headwaters, mid-sized streams, and river.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How does the abundance and variety of algae compare?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What roles do wood debris and falling leaves play in the headwaters, mid-sized streams and river?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What roles do bacteria, fungi and detritus have in the stream ecosystem?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are the preferred food sources of shredders, collectors and grazers?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is the difference between a collector-gatherer and a collector-filterer?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to tabs 10, 13 and 16 to answer these questions about the Brandywine's headwaters, mid-sized streams, and river.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Which insects depicted have the shortest life and the longest life spans?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some strategies predators use to find their prey?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What would happen to the fish and birds if the water were too polluted to support a diverse community of aquatic organisms?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Count the ratio of shredders/collectors/grazers/predators in each cross section. How do the ratios change as you move downstream?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Follow-up Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Can you now describe what a diverse community of aquatic organisms looks like?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There is evidence to suggest that the ratios of functional feeding groups that you found in this interactive holds true for the majority of headwaters, mid-sized streams, and rivers in the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)\" target=\"_blank\">Piedmont region\u003c/a> of the United States. The \u003cem>River Continuum\u003c/em> theory describes this dynamic equilibrium, giving us a conceptual model to guide our efforts to repair and restore degraded rivers. How would the \u003cem>River Continuum\u003c/em> concept inform your ability to evaluate any plans for Piedmont stream restoration?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Extension Activity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Use the \u003ca href=\"http://www.stroudcenter.org/lpn/%5d\">Leaf Pack Network\u003c/a> to conduct an investigation about the ratios of shredders/collectors/grazers/predators of your watershed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Refer to the document \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/35/wqs/headwaters/HWH_import_jan2003.pdf\">The Importance and Benefits of Primary Headwater Streams\u003c/a>\" from Ohio EPA. How would the loss of headwaters impact aquatic food webs both inside and outside the waterways?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Links to Learn More\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/35/wqs/headwaters/HWH_import_jan2003.pdf\">The Importance and Benefits of Primary Headwater Streams\u003c/a>, Ohio EPA\u003cbr>\nA one-page primer on the importance of headwaters in sediment, nutrient and flood control\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stroudcenter.org/lpn/%5d\">Leaf Pack Network\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center & National Wildlife Federation.\u003cbr>\nStudents and teachers can investigate their local stream ecosystems using the Leaf Pack Experiment Stream Ecology Kit.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6RKxeREHLc\">Macro-invertebrates\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.caitlintreuting.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Caitlin Treuting\u003c/a> (available on YouTube)\u003cbr>\nThis three-minute amateur video shows larvae underwater with some remarkably clear details.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVMCPXDohgA\">Field Survey of Macro-invertebrates,\u003c/a>Susquehanna River Basin Commission\u003cbr>\nThis three-minute video shows how to sample water quality with macroinvertebrates.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Create a computational simulation to illustrate the relationships among management of natural resources, the sustainability of human populations, and biodiversity.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>HS-ESS3-3. \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea: \u003c/strong>The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources. \u003cstrong>ESS3.B \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cross Cutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Systems and System Models\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Engaging in argument from evidence\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/69046/navigate-a-watershed","authors":["10443"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12791","quest_12790","quest_12793","quest_12792","quest_12789","quest_10427","quest_10016","quest_12640"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_69291","label":"source_quest_69046"},"quest_69053":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_69053","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"69053","score":null,"sort":[1397052041000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-watershed-moment","title":"A Watershed Moment","publishDate":1397052041,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>When the ribbon was cut on the Rocky Branch project, the stream that flowed through the heart of North Carolina State University was restored, but the university was transformed. Thirty years ago, Rocky Branch was given the dubious distinction of being the “most polluted stream” in the state of North Carolina. Today, it’s a model of restoration practices for the region. Before the restoration, the rain that fell during storms was considered a problem. The university’s management strategy was to get the rain off campus as quickly as possible. After the restoration, however, facilities management had a new appreciation for the rain that fell on campus. Watch as a university rises to the challenge of caring for the water that cycles through campus. This video is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\">Surface Water \u003c/a> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Imagine you are a civil engineer with earth-moving equipment. How would you restore a stream?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Imagine you’re a landscape architect. How would you design a rain garden?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Discussion Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why has rain traditionally been a problem for cities?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How did the university manage streams in the past?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What methods did the university use to restore Rocky Branch Creek?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How were university organizations and students involved in the restoration of the area between the dorms?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What methods are now used to collect rainwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-viewing questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why do you think the stream restoration changed the way the university handles stormwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Design a rain garden for your school.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wikiwatershed.org/model.html\" target=\"_blank\">Model My Watershed\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center This innovative and intuitive Web-based hydrologic model uses real GIS data and an authentic, professional-grade model to illustrate the impact of current land use on local hydrology. It allows users to change local conditions to see how best management practices decrease runoff.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/wqg/srp/2010conference/pdfs/bdoll.generalsession.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Stream Restoration: A Focus on Rocky Branch\u003c/a>, North Carolina Sea Grant This PowerPoint presentation shows before and after images of the Rocky Branch restoration in Raleigh, North Carolina.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">Adopt Your Watershed\u003c/a>, EPA This database of watershed groups tells you where to find out how to participate as a volunteer in water quality monitoring, stream cleanups and storm drain marking.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/waters/ir/\" target=\"_blank\">Water Quality Assessment\u003c/a>, EPA This site provides information reported by each state about the conditions in the surface water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.unctv.org/content/explainer-raincatchers\">Raincatchers,\u003c/a> UNC-TV An educational \"kit\" about how the City of Durham, North Carolina is evaluating the benefits of rain gardens in a cluster of yards. Digital kit includes a 5-minute video, pdf infographic, photogallery, and career biography of a water quality engineer.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems. \u003cstrong>HS-ESS3-4\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Stability and change\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Watch as a university rises to the challenge of caring for the water that cycles through campus.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450484594,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":493},"headData":{"title":"A Watershed Moment | KQED","description":"Watch as a university rises to the challenge of caring for the water that cycles through campus.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Watershed Moment","datePublished":"2014-04-09T14:00:41.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T00:23:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"69053 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=69053","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/09/a-watershed-moment/","disqusTitle":"A Watershed Moment","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4rmj7QVyJQ","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/69053/a-watershed-moment","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the ribbon was cut on the Rocky Branch project, the stream that flowed through the heart of North Carolina State University was restored, but the university was transformed. Thirty years ago, Rocky Branch was given the dubious distinction of being the “most polluted stream” in the state of North Carolina. Today, it’s a model of restoration practices for the region. Before the restoration, the rain that fell during storms was considered a problem. The university’s management strategy was to get the rain off campus as quickly as possible. After the restoration, however, facilities management had a new appreciation for the rain that fell on campus. Watch as a university rises to the challenge of caring for the water that cycles through campus. This video is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\">Surface Water \u003c/a> series.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-viewing Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Imagine you are a civil engineer with earth-moving equipment. How would you restore a stream?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Imagine you’re a landscape architect. How would you design a rain garden?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Discussion Questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why has rain traditionally been a problem for cities?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How did the university manage streams in the past?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What methods did the university use to restore Rocky Branch Creek?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How were university organizations and students involved in the restoration of the area between the dorms?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What methods are now used to collect rainwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-viewing questions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why do you think the stream restoration changed the way the university handles stormwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Design a rain garden for your school.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wikiwatershed.org/model.html\" target=\"_blank\">Model My Watershed\u003c/a>, Stroud Water Research Center This innovative and intuitive Web-based hydrologic model uses real GIS data and an authentic, professional-grade model to illustrate the impact of current land use on local hydrology. It allows users to change local conditions to see how best management practices decrease runoff.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/wqg/srp/2010conference/pdfs/bdoll.generalsession.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Urban Stream Restoration: A Focus on Rocky Branch\u003c/a>, North Carolina Sea Grant This PowerPoint presentation shows before and after images of the Rocky Branch restoration in Raleigh, North Carolina.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">Adopt Your Watershed\u003c/a>, EPA This database of watershed groups tells you where to find out how to participate as a volunteer in water quality monitoring, stream cleanups and storm drain marking.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/waters/ir/\" target=\"_blank\">Water Quality Assessment\u003c/a>, EPA This site provides information reported by each state about the conditions in the surface water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.unctv.org/content/explainer-raincatchers\">Raincatchers,\u003c/a> UNC-TV An educational \"kit\" about how the City of Durham, North Carolina is evaluating the benefits of rain gardens in a cluster of yards. Digital kit includes a 5-minute video, pdf infographic, photogallery, and career biography of a water quality engineer.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems. \u003cstrong>HS-ESS3-4\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Stability and change\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Engineering Practice:\u003c/strong> Constructing explanations and designing solutions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/69053/a-watershed-moment","authors":["10443"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_1171","quest_12794","quest_12342","quest_10427","quest_2363","quest_2423","quest_12640"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_69339","label":"source_quest_69053"},"quest_68667":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_68667","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"68667","score":null,"sort":[1395843602000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"groundwater-beneath-the-surface","title":"Groundwater, Beneath the Surface","publishDate":1395843602,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>This lighthearted animation takes us beneath the surface to see groundwater in action. Watch anthropomorphized drops of groundwater travel through this system. A smiling character with a shovel digs us down to the water table, allowing us to flow through the water cycle and thus making the process much easier to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This animation is part of a four-part educational series on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\">\u003cstrong>Ground Water\u003c/strong>.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-Discussion Questions for Ground Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What is water called beneath the surface?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some dangers facing aquifers and groundwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-Discussion Questions for Ground Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why is groundwater so vital to us?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How does the water cycle operate?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Name as many parts of the water cycle as you can and describe the function of each.\u003cbr>\nPossible activity: Draw a water cycle with as many parts as you can to show how they all interact, and then replay the animation to check and fill in the rest.\u003cbr>\nCompare groundwater to aquifers. How are they alike and how are they different?\u003cbr>\nHow are aquifers replenished or depleted?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS kids activities\" href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle-kids-adv.html\" target=\"_blank\">Interactive Water Cycle Graphic\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>USGS -\u003c/strong> A fun interactive water cycle diagram that describes the moving and changing forms for water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS Water Science School \" href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/edu/sc1.html\" target=\"_blank\">The USGS Water Science School\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>USGS\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> -\u003c/strong>Educational activity on how much water it takes to grow a hamburger.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"National Groundwater Association, Groundwater Facts\" href=\"http://www.ngwa.org/Fundamentals/use/Pages/Groundwater-facts.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Groundwater Facts\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>National Groundwater Association - \u003c/strong>53 Billion Gallons a day used for agriculture: \"Irrigation accounts for the largest use of groundwater in the United States. Some 53.5 billion gallons of groundwater are used daily for agricultural irrigation from 407,923 wells.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Encyclopedia of the Great Plains, history and information\" href=\"http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.wat.018\" target=\"_blank\">Size of High Plains Aquifer\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Encyclopedia of the Great Plains\u003c/strong> - History and information on the Ogallala Aquifer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"National Geographic, groundwater interactions & resources\" href=\"http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/freshwater-101-interactive/\" target=\"_blank\">A Fresh Water Story\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>National Geographic - \u003c/strong>Fun interactions on groundwater, surface water and other related resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how the uneven distributions of Earth’s mineral, energy, and groundwater resources are the result of past and current geoscience processes. MS - ESS2, Earth & Science Systems: Earth's Systems\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: The Role of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes Water continually cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere via transpiration, evaporation, condensation and crystallization, and precipitation, as well as downhill flows on land. MS - ESS2.C\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science & Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"View this animation that dives inside an aquifer and beneath the surface to see groundwater in action.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450484662,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":389},"headData":{"title":"Groundwater, Beneath the Surface | KQED","description":"View this animation that dives inside an aquifer and beneath the surface to see groundwater in action.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Groundwater, Beneath the Surface","datePublished":"2014-03-26T14:20:02.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T00:24:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"68667 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68667","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/26/groundwater-beneath-the-surface/","disqusTitle":"Groundwater, Beneath the Surface","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNWAerr_xEE","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/68667/groundwater-beneath-the-surface","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This lighthearted animation takes us beneath the surface to see groundwater in action. Watch anthropomorphized drops of groundwater travel through this system. A smiling character with a shovel digs us down to the water table, allowing us to flow through the water cycle and thus making the process much easier to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This animation is part of a four-part educational series on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\">\u003cstrong>Ground Water\u003c/strong>.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-Discussion Questions for Ground Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What is water called beneath the surface?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What are some dangers facing aquifers and groundwater?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Post-Discussion Questions for Ground Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Why is groundwater so vital to us?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How does the water cycle operate?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Name as many parts of the water cycle as you can and describe the function of each.\u003cbr>\nPossible activity: Draw a water cycle with as many parts as you can to show how they all interact, and then replay the animation to check and fill in the rest.\u003cbr>\nCompare groundwater to aquifers. How are they alike and how are they different?\u003cbr>\nHow are aquifers replenished or depleted?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS kids activities\" href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle-kids-adv.html\" target=\"_blank\">Interactive Water Cycle Graphic\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>USGS -\u003c/strong> A fun interactive water cycle diagram that describes the moving and changing forms for water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS Water Science School \" href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/edu/sc1.html\" target=\"_blank\">The USGS Water Science School\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>USGS\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> -\u003c/strong>Educational activity on how much water it takes to grow a hamburger.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"National Groundwater Association, Groundwater Facts\" href=\"http://www.ngwa.org/Fundamentals/use/Pages/Groundwater-facts.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Groundwater Facts\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>National Groundwater Association - \u003c/strong>53 Billion Gallons a day used for agriculture: \"Irrigation accounts for the largest use of groundwater in the United States. Some 53.5 billion gallons of groundwater are used daily for agricultural irrigation from 407,923 wells.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Encyclopedia of the Great Plains, history and information\" href=\"http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.wat.018\" target=\"_blank\">Size of High Plains Aquifer\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Encyclopedia of the Great Plains\u003c/strong> - History and information on the Ogallala Aquifer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"National Geographic, groundwater interactions & resources\" href=\"http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/freshwater-101-interactive/\" target=\"_blank\">A Fresh Water Story\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>National Geographic - \u003c/strong>Fun interactions on groundwater, surface water and other related resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how the uneven distributions of Earth’s mineral, energy, and groundwater resources are the result of past and current geoscience processes. MS - ESS2, Earth & Science Systems: Earth's Systems\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: The Role of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes Water continually cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere via transpiration, evaporation, condensation and crystallization, and precipitation, as well as downhill flows on land. MS - ESS2.C\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science & Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/68667/groundwater-beneath-the-surface","authors":["10399"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_11856","quest_12748","quest_12749","quest_1278","quest_12761","quest_12065","quest_12063","quest_12762","quest_12354","quest_10016","quest_10179","quest_12747","quest_2766","quest_12640","quest_12746","quest_10806","quest_12745"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_68773","label":"source_quest_68667"},"quest_68677":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_68677","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"68677","score":null,"sort":[1395843049000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-groundwater-term-game","title":"The Groundwater Term Game","publishDate":1395843049,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://imgdev.unl.edu/groundwater_game/\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Groundwater Game tests your knowledge of major terms used to describe parts of the aquifer systems, from groundwater to permeability to saturated zone. Drag and drop the correct term into a sentence to make it accurate and to match the illustration. Can you score 12 out of 12?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This animation is part of a four-part educational series on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\">\u003cstrong>Ground Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Production Credits:\u003cbr>\nProducer: Abram Lueders\u003cbr>\nExecutive Producer: Melanie Eirich\u003cbr>\nGraphic Designer: Lisa Craig\u003cbr>\nContributing Producer for QUEST Nebraska: Gary Hochman\u003cbr>\nEducational Review: Anica Brown\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-Discussion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Come up with a list of all the terms you can think of that relate to water, both terms you have just learned and terms you already knew, like rain, snow, stream, etc. Divide them into terms above ground and terms below ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Focus Discussion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Describe a water cycle with as many parts as you can.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you didn’t get all terms correctly defined in this game, go back to the first two explainers to review and then try this game again with the goal of getting 100% correct!\u003cbr>\nDiscuss the terms that were new to you in this game. How did you decide how to match them to a definition?\u003cbr>\nIf you’ve drawn a water cycle, fit the new terms from this game into your drawing. How do you think the new terms affect the water cycle?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS Information on Groundwater\" href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/ofr93-643/\" target=\"_blank\">What is Groundwater\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>USGS - \u003c/strong>An informative website on Groundwater processes, terms and general information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Dr. Waters information and terms for Surface Water and Groundwater\" href=\"http://www.drwaters.org/?itemCategory=34143&siteid=300&priorId=0\" target=\"_blank\">Surface water and Groundwater\u003c/a>. Are they connected? \u003cstrong>Dr. Waters -\u003c/strong>Information and terms on Surface Water and Groundwater.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"UNL Water Center website\" href=\"http://watercenter.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Nebraska Water Center and Water News\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>University of Nebraska, Water Center - \u003c/strong>A wealth of water related articles for Nebraska and nationwide.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Science Daily\" href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/water/\" target=\"_blank\">Science Daily Water News\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Science Daily website - \u003c/strong>News and information on water.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Develop a model to describe the cycling of Earth’s materials and the flow of energy that drives this process. MS - ESS2, Earth & Science Systems: Earth's Systems\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: Water continually cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere via transpiration, evaporation, condensation and crystallization, and precipitation, as well as downhill flows on land. MS - ESS2.C. Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, fresh water, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. MS - ESS3.A, Natural Resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science & Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Developing and Using Models.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Play the fun interactive game to check your groundwater knowledge! ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443828401,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://imgdev.unl.edu/groundwater_game/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":430},"headData":{"title":"The Groundwater Term Game | KQED","description":"Play the fun interactive game to check your groundwater knowledge! ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Groundwater Term Game","datePublished":"2014-03-26T14:10:49.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T23:26:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"68677 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68677","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/26/the-groundwater-term-game/","disqusTitle":"The Groundwater Term Game","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/68677/the-groundwater-term-game","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://imgdev.unl.edu/groundwater_game/\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Groundwater Game tests your knowledge of major terms used to describe parts of the aquifer systems, from groundwater to permeability to saturated zone. Drag and drop the correct term into a sentence to make it accurate and to match the illustration. Can you score 12 out of 12?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This animation is part of a four-part educational series on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\">\u003cstrong>Ground Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Production Credits:\u003cbr>\nProducer: Abram Lueders\u003cbr>\nExecutive Producer: Melanie Eirich\u003cbr>\nGraphic Designer: Lisa Craig\u003cbr>\nContributing Producer for QUEST Nebraska: Gary Hochman\u003cbr>\nEducational Review: Anica Brown\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pre-Discussion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Come up with a list of all the terms you can think of that relate to water, both terms you have just learned and terms you already knew, like rain, snow, stream, etc. Divide them into terms above ground and terms below ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Focus Discussion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Describe a water cycle with as many parts as you can.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Extension Activity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you didn’t get all terms correctly defined in this game, go back to the first two explainers to review and then try this game again with the goal of getting 100% correct!\u003cbr>\nDiscuss the terms that were new to you in this game. How did you decide how to match them to a definition?\u003cbr>\nIf you’ve drawn a water cycle, fit the new terms from this game into your drawing. How do you think the new terms affect the water cycle?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Links to Learn More\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"USGS Information on Groundwater\" href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/ofr93-643/\" target=\"_blank\">What is Groundwater\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>USGS - \u003c/strong>An informative website on Groundwater processes, terms and general information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Dr. Waters information and terms for Surface Water and Groundwater\" href=\"http://www.drwaters.org/?itemCategory=34143&siteid=300&priorId=0\" target=\"_blank\">Surface water and Groundwater\u003c/a>. Are they connected? \u003cstrong>Dr. Waters -\u003c/strong>Information and terms on Surface Water and Groundwater.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"UNL Water Center website\" href=\"http://watercenter.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Nebraska Water Center and Water News\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>University of Nebraska, Water Center - \u003c/strong>A wealth of water related articles for Nebraska and nationwide.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Science Daily\" href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/earth_climate/water/\" target=\"_blank\">Science Daily Water News\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Science Daily website - \u003c/strong>News and information on water.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>NGSS Correlations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation:\u003c/strong> Develop a model to describe the cycling of Earth’s materials and the flow of energy that drives this process. MS - ESS2, Earth & Science Systems: Earth's Systems\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea\u003c/strong>: Water continually cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere via transpiration, evaporation, condensation and crystallization, and precipitation, as well as downhill flows on land. MS - ESS2.C. Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, fresh water, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. MS - ESS3.A, Natural Resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Science & Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Developing and Using Models.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/68677/the-groundwater-term-game","authors":["10399"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_11856","quest_12748","quest_12749","quest_1278","quest_12065","quest_12063","quest_12752","quest_12750","quest_12354","quest_10016","quest_10179","quest_12754","quest_2766","quest_12640","quest_12746","quest_12753","quest_12755","quest_12751"],"collections":["quest_12824"],"featImg":"quest_68764","label":"source_quest_68677"},"quest_60744":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_60744","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"60744","score":null,"sort":[1393945222000]},"guestAuthors":[{"ID":"64479","displayName":"Hannah Weinberger","firstName":"Hannah","lastName":"Weinberger","userLogin":"hannah-weinberger","userEmail":"Hannah.Weinberger@ideastream.org","linkedAccount":"hweinberger","website":"","aim":"","yahooim":"","jabber":"","description":"Hannah Weinberger, a May 2013 graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and native Clevelander, is QUEST Ohio’s jack-of-all-trades intern. Despite majoring in Mandarin Chinese, Hannah developed an interest in journalism that solidified during an internship with CNN. Hannah joined QUEST after completing a writing fellowship with multimedia journalism lab Powering a Nation, in which she investigated water use along the Colorado River. When not chasing down a lead, Hannah plays guitar, explores the Cleveland Metroparks and restrains herself from petting woodland creatures.","userNicename":"hannah-weinberger","type":"guest-author"}],"slug":"out-of-sight-out-of-mine","title":"Out of Sight, Out of Mine","publishDate":1393945222,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Ohio University professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohio.edu/biosci/profiles/johnson.html\" target=\"_blank\">Kelly Johnson\u003c/a> often finds herself knee deep in streams. Net in hand, she leads her biology students through lessons about life in southern Ohio’s waterways -- and the lack thereof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In healthy waters, Johnson and her students kick up streambeds to free large insects; they sweep mayflies and caddisflies into nets and pour hundreds out on the ground for examination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their adventure gets murkier in certain waterways where the toxic legacy of the coal-mining industry lives on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students expecting to see clean blue streams instead run into crunchy waters thick with rusty buildup. When the crust is broken, Johnson said, streams looks orange, like “orange juice [that] someone poured some milk in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67639\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/photo_20110308_114717.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67639 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/photo_20110308_114717-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Acid mine drainage, thick with metals, spills through a Southern Ohio stream. Credit: ODNR\" width=\"403\" height=\"302\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Acid mine drainage spills through an Ohio stream. Credit: ODNR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These waters are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/05/13/coal-to-canvas-an-artist-turns-toxic-runoff-into-paints/\">colored by metals\u003c/a> like iron and nickel that coat and suffocate streambeds in glittering layers. Frothy plumes of aluminum make up the creamy haze in the water column above. Conspicuously missing are living things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll do a kick and we might get four or five living things in the net,” Johnson said. “These streams are biologically dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It all looks wrong,” Johnson added. “You know this is not normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty-two Ohio counties intersect the Appalachian Coal Basin, one of America’s largest coalfields. While many Midwestern mines ceased operation long ago, surrounding land and streams still feel their effects. Cascades of toxic waters seep daily from \u003ca href=\"http://abandonedmines.gov/\">abandoned mines across the country \u003c/a>and introduce leached metals and acidity into nearby streams, a process known as acid mine drainage (AMD). Throughout Ohio, \u003ca href=\"http://minerals.ohiodnr.gov/\">4,400 abandoned mines pollute at least 1,300 miles of once fresh water\u003c/a>, threatening biodiversity and natural resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dep.wv.gov/WWE/getinvolved/sos/Pages/AMD12.aspx\">Remediation projects \u003c/a>exist but are hard to fund and maintain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists and activists claim that AMD is as damaging as it is little acknowledged. The \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/acid_mine.cfm\">EPA\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/whitemountain/landmanagement/projects/?cid=stelprdb5209652\">USDA\u003c/a> both recognize that AMD may present human health hazards, but confined to poorer rural areas, activists say it’s been difficult to attract dollars and ears to the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to tackle the daunting and costly task of remediating such a large problem, states like Pennsylvania \u003ca href=\"http://files.dep.state.pa.us/Mining/Abandoned%20Mine%20Reclamation/AbandonedMinePortalFiles/MIW/Final_MIW_White_Paper.pdf\">have gone so far as to encourage hydraulic fracturing companies to join the fight. The state is in discussion with fracking companies about the prospect of cleaning AMD\u003c/a> for use in place of fresh water, which is used to help blast through shale and free up natural gas and oil deposits. In January 2014, Pennsylvania \u003ca href=\"http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2014/01/14/senate-panel-approves-bill-encouraging-acid-mine-drainage-use-in-fracking/\">even relaxed environmental policies\u003c/a> to sweeten the deal. Fracking is divisive in the Midwest, and many \u003ca href=\"http://nicholas.duke.edu/news/acid-mine-drainage-reduces-radioactivity-fracking-waste\">worry that plans like this might contribute to other environmental issues\u003c/a>. Still, Mark Bruce of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources says researchers are looking into the safety of doing the same in Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deadly Chemistry\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67650\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/img_0565.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67650 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/img_0565-480x360.jpg\" alt='Owing its coloring to iron precipitates,bright yellow drainage has earned the nickname \"Yellow Boy.\" Credit: ODNR' width=\"346\" height=\"259\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Owing its coloring to iron precipitates,bright yellow drainage has earned the nickname \"Yellow Boy.\" Credit: ODNR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>AMD is essentially acidic water filled with metals like iron pyrite. It results from mineral deposits’ exposure to air and water in mineshafts. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ei.lehigh.edu/envirosci/enviroissue/amd/links/science2.html\">When all three meet, metals become solvent in water and produce hydrogen-rich sulfuric acids\u003c/a>. As water pressure builds, the toxic cocktail dribbles out of mines and into nearby streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most animals aren’t adapted for influxes of AMD. Healthy streams support 30 to 40 species, but acidic streams are lucky to have any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some animals like the green sunfish and yellow perch can handle acidic waters, but that doesn’t mean they’ll survive them. Dissolved metals present other dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When AMD meets a less acidic stream, metals within it precipitate out. They crust over the water while gilding and clogging streambed habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if (animals and insects) could tolerate the chemical stress, they have nowhere to sort of get down in and live and know where to feed,” Johnson said. Species sensitive to both AMD and habitat loss like mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies are the first to go and last to return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collectively, the impacts of AMD decay food webs -- and even hardy predators can’t survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67616\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1735px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67616\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1.jpg\" alt=\"Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream. Click to enlarge.\" width=\"1735\" height=\"907\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1.jpg 1735w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1-400x209.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1-800x418.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1-1440x753.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1-1180x617.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1-960x502.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1735px) 100vw, 1735px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tricky Remedies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes only minutes for acid mine drainage to infiltrate a stream, but getting rid of it is far more complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can have an effect on the water quality of our streams, but it's not something that will ever go away,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffrun.org/marissa%20intro\">Marissa Geib\u003c/a>, watershed coordinator for \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffrun.org/\">Huff Run Watershed Restoration P\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">artnership\u003c/span> in Mineral City, Ohio. “It was hard to swallow when I realized Huff Run is always going to be orange. There's no way that all of the dissolved metals will get out of the stream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AMD is an opened can of worms -- reactions among metals, water, and air are hard to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By and large, the most effective thing is to prevent the water from going into the mine to start with, or prevent the water from coming out of the mine,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67615\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67615\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21.jpg\" alt=\"Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream. Click to enlarge. \" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1673px) 100vw, 1673px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But plugging mines to keep out new water can increase pressure and force new seepages, and regrading surrounding land to drain water away is no mean feat. Teams neutralize AMD by dumping basic materials like limestone chips into shafts and streams, or by installing devices that treat drainage as it comes out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Odds aside, a busy network of concerned parties is working to curb AMD. In Ohio, watershed groups like Geib’s work with the EPA and ODNR to acquire grant funding and complete remediation plans. Long-term monitoring -- cleaning valves, monitoring populations, and sampling water -- is left to volunteers, while ODNR engineers and contractors are in charge of project design and coordination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Streams that receive help can see dramatic improvements. When Huff Run volunteers started treatment in the mid-1990s, the only species in the 9.9-mile stretch of stream was the resilient green sunfish. Since then they’ve found 22 species in the stream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, Ohio remediation teams treat 10,886 pounds of acidity a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67644\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 257px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Status-of-AMDAT-Plans-in-Ohio-2013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67644 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Status-of-AMDAT-Plans-in-Ohio-2013.jpg\" alt=\"To date, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources has partnered with watershed groups to complete 55 AMD projects. Credit: Ohio Department of Natural Resources\" width=\"257\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Status-of-AMDAT-Plans-in-Ohio-2013.jpg 1102w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Status-of-AMDAT-Plans-in-Ohio-2013-400x518.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Status-of-AMDAT-Plans-in-Ohio-2013-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Status-of-AMDAT-Plans-in-Ohio-2013-960x1242.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To date, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources has partnered with watershed groups to complete 55 AMD projects. Credit: Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But remediation is trial and error. “We've looked at restoration options with acid mine drainage and I can honestly say we have not seen too much success,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.indstate.edu/biology/faculty/simon.htm\">Thomas P. Simon\u003c/a>, a professor of ichthyology at Indiana University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just kind of compound the problem sometimes,” Simon added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mark Bruce, ODNR and restoration groups have spent $26 million completing \u003ca href=\"http://watersheddata.com/default.aspx\">55 remediation projects in seven Ohio watersheds\u003c/a>. Funding comes largely from \u003ca href=\"http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/30/1231\">federal \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Portals/10/pdf/GeoFacts/geof15.pdf\">state excise taxes on mined coal\u003c/a>, paid by operating mining companies. Some worry this funding will dry up as energy companies turn toward natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extending responsibility for remediation to Ohioans all across the state has been challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is ultimately a problem that's happening in Appalachian Ohio and oftentimes that doesn't get communicated up to Columbus,” said Ohio University professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohio.edu/voinovichschool/upload/Kruse-CV-January-2013.pdf\">Natalie Kruse\u003c/a>, who teaches environmental studies courses about watershed management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When problems are out of sight, they’re out of mind. But the thing about water is that it doesn't often stay in one place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone is part of a watershed,” Geib said, “and all watersheds connect at some point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of all this, activists and scientists focus on the good they can do and perceived risks of doing nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you stop treating (AMD) and we just declare that these creeks are dead and that that's okay -- that it's okay that we kill creeks -- then that sets a very scary precedent to me,” Kruse said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many Midwestern mines ceased operation long ago, but surrounding land and streams still feel their toxic effects.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443823337,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1321},"headData":{"title":"Out of Sight, Out of Mine | KQED","description":"Many Midwestern mines ceased operation long ago, but surrounding land and streams still feel their toxic effects.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Out of Sight, Out of Mine","datePublished":"2014-03-04T15:00:22.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T22:02:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"60744 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=60744","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/04/out-of-sight-out-of-mine/","disqusTitle":"Out of Sight, Out of Mine","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/60744/out-of-sight-out-of-mine","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ohio University professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohio.edu/biosci/profiles/johnson.html\" target=\"_blank\">Kelly Johnson\u003c/a> often finds herself knee deep in streams. Net in hand, she leads her biology students through lessons about life in southern Ohio’s waterways -- and the lack thereof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In healthy waters, Johnson and her students kick up streambeds to free large insects; they sweep mayflies and caddisflies into nets and pour hundreds out on the ground for examination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their adventure gets murkier in certain waterways where the toxic legacy of the coal-mining industry lives on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students expecting to see clean blue streams instead run into crunchy waters thick with rusty buildup. When the crust is broken, Johnson said, streams looks orange, like “orange juice [that] someone poured some milk in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67639\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/photo_20110308_114717.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67639 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/photo_20110308_114717-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Acid mine drainage, thick with metals, spills through a Southern Ohio stream. Credit: ODNR\" width=\"403\" height=\"302\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Acid mine drainage spills through an Ohio stream. Credit: ODNR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These waters are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/05/13/coal-to-canvas-an-artist-turns-toxic-runoff-into-paints/\">colored by metals\u003c/a> like iron and nickel that coat and suffocate streambeds in glittering layers. Frothy plumes of aluminum make up the creamy haze in the water column above. Conspicuously missing are living things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll do a kick and we might get four or five living things in the net,” Johnson said. “These streams are biologically dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It all looks wrong,” Johnson added. “You know this is not normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty-two Ohio counties intersect the Appalachian Coal Basin, one of America’s largest coalfields. While many Midwestern mines ceased operation long ago, surrounding land and streams still feel their effects. Cascades of toxic waters seep daily from \u003ca href=\"http://abandonedmines.gov/\">abandoned mines across the country \u003c/a>and introduce leached metals and acidity into nearby streams, a process known as acid mine drainage (AMD). Throughout Ohio, \u003ca href=\"http://minerals.ohiodnr.gov/\">4,400 abandoned mines pollute at least 1,300 miles of once fresh water\u003c/a>, threatening biodiversity and natural resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dep.wv.gov/WWE/getinvolved/sos/Pages/AMD12.aspx\">Remediation projects \u003c/a>exist but are hard to fund and maintain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists and activists claim that AMD is as damaging as it is little acknowledged. The \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/acid_mine.cfm\">EPA\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/whitemountain/landmanagement/projects/?cid=stelprdb5209652\">USDA\u003c/a> both recognize that AMD may present human health hazards, but confined to poorer rural areas, activists say it’s been difficult to attract dollars and ears to the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to tackle the daunting and costly task of remediating such a large problem, states like Pennsylvania \u003ca href=\"http://files.dep.state.pa.us/Mining/Abandoned%20Mine%20Reclamation/AbandonedMinePortalFiles/MIW/Final_MIW_White_Paper.pdf\">have gone so far as to encourage hydraulic fracturing companies to join the fight. The state is in discussion with fracking companies about the prospect of cleaning AMD\u003c/a> for use in place of fresh water, which is used to help blast through shale and free up natural gas and oil deposits. In January 2014, Pennsylvania \u003ca href=\"http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2014/01/14/senate-panel-approves-bill-encouraging-acid-mine-drainage-use-in-fracking/\">even relaxed environmental policies\u003c/a> to sweeten the deal. Fracking is divisive in the Midwest, and many \u003ca href=\"http://nicholas.duke.edu/news/acid-mine-drainage-reduces-radioactivity-fracking-waste\">worry that plans like this might contribute to other environmental issues\u003c/a>. Still, Mark Bruce of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources says researchers are looking into the safety of doing the same in Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deadly Chemistry\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67650\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/img_0565.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67650 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/img_0565-480x360.jpg\" alt='Owing its coloring to iron precipitates,bright yellow drainage has earned the nickname \"Yellow Boy.\" Credit: ODNR' width=\"346\" height=\"259\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Owing its coloring to iron precipitates,bright yellow drainage has earned the nickname \"Yellow Boy.\" Credit: ODNR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>AMD is essentially acidic water filled with metals like iron pyrite. It results from mineral deposits’ exposure to air and water in mineshafts. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ei.lehigh.edu/envirosci/enviroissue/amd/links/science2.html\">When all three meet, metals become solvent in water and produce hydrogen-rich sulfuric acids\u003c/a>. As water pressure builds, the toxic cocktail dribbles out of mines and into nearby streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most animals aren’t adapted for influxes of AMD. Healthy streams support 30 to 40 species, but acidic streams are lucky to have any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some animals like the green sunfish and yellow perch can handle acidic waters, but that doesn’t mean they’ll survive them. Dissolved metals present other dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When AMD meets a less acidic stream, metals within it precipitate out. They crust over the water while gilding and clogging streambed habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if (animals and insects) could tolerate the chemical stress, they have nowhere to sort of get down in and live and know where to feed,” Johnson said. Species sensitive to both AMD and habitat loss like mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies are the first to go and last to return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collectively, the impacts of AMD decay food webs -- and even hardy predators can’t survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67616\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1735px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67616\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1.jpg\" alt=\"Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream. Click to enlarge.\" width=\"1735\" height=\"907\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1.jpg 1735w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1-400x209.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1-800x418.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1-1440x753.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1-1180x617.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/celldamage1-960x502.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1735px) 100vw, 1735px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tricky Remedies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes only minutes for acid mine drainage to infiltrate a stream, but getting rid of it is far more complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can have an effect on the water quality of our streams, but it's not something that will ever go away,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffrun.org/marissa%20intro\">Marissa Geib\u003c/a>, watershed coordinator for \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffrun.org/\">Huff Run Watershed Restoration P\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">artnership\u003c/span> in Mineral City, Ohio. “It was hard to swallow when I realized Huff Run is always going to be orange. There's no way that all of the dissolved metals will get out of the stream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AMD is an opened can of worms -- reactions among metals, water, and air are hard to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By and large, the most effective thing is to prevent the water from going into the mine to start with, or prevent the water from coming out of the mine,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67615\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-67615\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21.jpg\" alt=\"Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream. Click to enlarge. \" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/phscale21-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1673px) 100vw, 1673px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: Hannah Weinberger, ideastream. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But plugging mines to keep out new water can increase pressure and force new seepages, and regrading surrounding land to drain water away is no mean feat. Teams neutralize AMD by dumping basic materials like limestone chips into shafts and streams, or by installing devices that treat drainage as it comes out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Odds aside, a busy network of concerned parties is working to curb AMD. In Ohio, watershed groups like Geib’s work with the EPA and ODNR to acquire grant funding and complete remediation plans. Long-term monitoring -- cleaning valves, monitoring populations, and sampling water -- is left to volunteers, while ODNR engineers and contractors are in charge of project design and coordination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Streams that receive help can see dramatic improvements. When Huff Run volunteers started treatment in the mid-1990s, the only species in the 9.9-mile stretch of stream was the resilient green sunfish. Since then they’ve found 22 species in the stream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, Ohio remediation teams treat 10,886 pounds of acidity a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67644\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 257px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Status-of-AMDAT-Plans-in-Ohio-2013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67644 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Status-of-AMDAT-Plans-in-Ohio-2013.jpg\" alt=\"To date, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources has partnered with watershed groups to complete 55 AMD projects. Credit: Ohio Department of Natural Resources\" width=\"257\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Status-of-AMDAT-Plans-in-Ohio-2013.jpg 1102w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Status-of-AMDAT-Plans-in-Ohio-2013-400x518.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Status-of-AMDAT-Plans-in-Ohio-2013-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Status-of-AMDAT-Plans-in-Ohio-2013-960x1242.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To date, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources has partnered with watershed groups to complete 55 AMD projects. Credit: Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But remediation is trial and error. “We've looked at restoration options with acid mine drainage and I can honestly say we have not seen too much success,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.indstate.edu/biology/faculty/simon.htm\">Thomas P. Simon\u003c/a>, a professor of ichthyology at Indiana University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just kind of compound the problem sometimes,” Simon added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mark Bruce, ODNR and restoration groups have spent $26 million completing \u003ca href=\"http://watersheddata.com/default.aspx\">55 remediation projects in seven Ohio watersheds\u003c/a>. Funding comes largely from \u003ca href=\"http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/30/1231\">federal \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Portals/10/pdf/GeoFacts/geof15.pdf\">state excise taxes on mined coal\u003c/a>, paid by operating mining companies. Some worry this funding will dry up as energy companies turn toward natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extending responsibility for remediation to Ohioans all across the state has been challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is ultimately a problem that's happening in Appalachian Ohio and oftentimes that doesn't get communicated up to Columbus,” said Ohio University professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohio.edu/voinovichschool/upload/Kruse-CV-January-2013.pdf\">Natalie Kruse\u003c/a>, who teaches environmental studies courses about watershed management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When problems are out of sight, they’re out of mind. But the thing about water is that it doesn't often stay in one place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone is part of a watershed,” Geib said, “and all watersheds connect at some point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of all this, activists and scientists focus on the good they can do and perceived risks of doing nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you stop treating (AMD) and we just declare that these creeks are dead and that that's okay -- that it's okay that we kill creeks -- then that sets a very scary precedent to me,” Kruse said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/60744/out-of-sight-out-of-mine","authors":["64479"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12635","quest_12633","quest_12634","quest_12643","quest_12636","quest_12269","quest_12642","quest_12641","quest_10327","quest_12637","quest_12638","quest_12639","quest_10429","quest_12640","quest_2965","quest_3121"],"featImg":"quest_67648","label":"source_quest_60744"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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